[Senate Document 106-1]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]



            106th Congress, 1st Session -  -  -  - Senate Document 106-1

            ____________________________________________________________

 
                                    SENATE MANUAL

                                   containing the

            STANDING RULES, ORDERS, LAWS, AND RESOLUTIONS AFFECTING THE 
                                      BUSINESS

                                       of the

                                UNITED STATES SENATE

                             declaration of independence

                              articles of confederation

                                  ordinance of 1787

                                       and the

                          constitution of the united states

                                     Prepared by

                                    Lory Breneman

                               Under the Direction of

                                Tamara S. Somerville

                                   Staff Director

                        Committee on Rules and Administration

                                United States Senate

                             One Hundred Sixth Congress

                           U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

                                  WASHINGTON : 2000

            ____________________________________________________________

            For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government 
                                   Printing Office

                        Washington, D.C. 20402 (Paper Cover)

                                              

                        COMMITTEE ON RULES AND ADMINISTRATION

                         MITCH McCONNELL, Kentucky, Chairman

            JESSE HELMS, North Carolina    CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, 
                                               Connecticut
            TED STEVENS, Alaska            ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia
            JOHN WARNER, Virginia          DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii
            THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi      DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, New 
                                               York
                                           DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California
                                           ROBERT G. TORRICELLI, New 
                                               Jersey
                                           CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York

                        Tamara S. Somerville, Staff Director

             Kennie L. Gill, Democratic Staff Director and Chief Counsel

                                       ______

                       Printed pursuant to 44 U.S.C. Sec. 720.


                                  TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                Senate Manual Section

            Rules, Laws, Procedures:
                    Standing Rules of the Senate............     1

                       (Itemized list on page vii)

                            Index to Standing Rules of the 
                                Senate......................    50
                            Cross-reference Table to 
                                Provisions of the 
                                Congressional Budget and 
                                Impoundment Control Act of 
                                1974, as amended, Relating 
                                to the Operation of the 
                                Senate......................    55
                    Nonstatutory Standing Orders and 
                        Resolutions Affecting the Business 
                        of the Senate.......................    60
                    Rules for Regulation of the Senate Wing 
                        of the Capitol and Senate Office 
                        Buildings...........................    80
                    Rules for Impeachment Trials............   100
                    Cleaves' Manual of Conferences and 
                        Conference Reports..................   127
                            Index...........................   188
                    General and Permanent Laws Relating to 
                        the Senate (Extracts from the United 
                        States Code):
                            Contents........................   200
                            Text............................   201
            Historical Documents:
                    Declaration of Independence.............   755
                    Articles of Confederation...............   756
                    Ordinance of 1787.......................   757
                    Constitution of the United States.......   760
                            Ratification...................... 769
                            Amendments........................ 770
                            Index...........................   797  .5
            Statistical Data:
                    Presidents Pro Tempore of the Senate 
                        (1st to 106th Cong.)................   798
                    Deputy President Pro Tempore of the 
                        Senate..............................   798  .3
                    Permanent Acting President Pro Tempore 
                        of the Senate (88th to 95th Cong.)..   798  .5
                    Senators of the United States (1st to 
                        106th Cong.)........................   799
                            Index...........................   900
                    Electoral Votes for President and Vice 
                        President (1789-1996)...............   901
                    Supreme Court Justices (1789-2000)......   950
                    Cabinet Officers (1789-2000)............   951
                    Ratification of the Constitution by the 
                        Thirteen Original States............   970
                    States Admitted into the Union Since the 
                        Adoption of the Constitution........   971
                    The District of Columbia................   972
                    The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the 
                        Insular Possessions, and Trust 
                        Territory of the Pacific Islands....   973
                    Apportionments of Representatives.......   974
            General Index...................................   999


            ===========================================================_

                               RULES, LAWS, PROCEDURES

            ===========================================================_

                                           

                            STANDING RULES OF THE SENATE

                                                                  Senate 
                                                                  Manual 
                                                                  Section
                        Rule
                    I.  Appointment of a Senator to the Chair.....     1
                   II.  Presentation of credentials and questions 
                            of privilege..........................     2
                  III.  Oaths.....................................     3
                   IV.  Commencement of daily sessions............     4
                    V.  Suspension and amendment of the rules.....     5
                   VI.  Quorum--absent Senators may be sent for...     6
                  VII.  Morning business..........................     7
                 VIII.  Order of business.........................     8
                   IX.  Messages..................................     9
                    X.  Special orders............................    10
                   XI.  Papers--withdrawal, printing, reading of, 
                            and reference.........................    11
                  XII.  Voting procedure..........................    12
                 XIII.  Reconsideration...........................    13
                  XIV.  Bills, joint resolutions, and preambles 
                            thereto...............................    14
                   XV.  Amendments and motions....................    15
                  XVI.  Appropriations and amendments to general 
                            appropriations bills..................    16
                 XVII.  Reference to committees; motions to 
                            discharge; reports of committees; and 
                            hearings available....................    17
                XVIII.  Business continued from session to session    18
                  XIX.  Debate....................................    19
                   XX.  Questions of order........................    20
                  XXI.  Session with closed doors.................    21
                 XXII.  Precedence of motions.....................    22
                XXIII.  Privilege of the floor....................    23
                 XXIV.  Appointment of committees.................    24
                  XXV.  Standing committees.......................    25
                 XXVI.  Committee procedure.......................    26
                XXVII.  Committee staff...........................    27
               XXVIII.  Conference committees; reports; open 
                            meetings..............................    28
                 XXIX.  Executive sessions........................    29
                  XXX.  Executive session--proceedings on treaties    30
                 XXXI.  Executive session--proceedings on 
                            nominations...........................    31
                XXXII.  The President furnished with copies of 
                            records of executive sessions.........    32
               XXXIII.  Senate Chamber--Senate wing of the Capitol    33
                XXXIV.  Public financial disclosure...............    34
                 XXXV.  Gifts.....................................    35
                XXXVI.  Outside earned income.....................    36
               XXXVII.  Conflict of interest......................    37
              XXXVIII.  Prohibition of unofficial office accounts.    38
                XXXIX.  Foreign travel............................    39
                   XL.  Franking privilege and radio and 
                            television studios....................    40
                  XLI.  Political fund activity; definitions......    41
                 XLII.  Employment practices......................    42
                XLIII.  Representation by Members.................    43

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                            STANDING RULES OF THE SENATE

            ------------------------------------------------------------

            [The 1979 general revision of the rules was accomplished by 
                the adoption of S. Res. 274 on Nov. 14, 1979, a 
                resolution submitted by Mr. Robert C. Byrd for himself 
                and Mr. Baker; the preparation of the proposed revision 
                was pursuant to the adoption of S. Res. 156 on May 10, 
                1976, a resolution by Mr. Robert C. Byrd; the general 
                revision of the rules set forth in S. Res. 274 was 
                somewhat altered in form by the adoption of S. Res. 389 
                on Mar. 25, 1980, to consolidate and renumber certain 
                standing rules of the Senate.

            [Changes to Senate rules since the last general revision in 
                1979 are indicated by footnotes in each succeeding 
                edition of the Senate Manual.

            [For the origin of various changes in Senate procedure 
                between 1884 and 1979, as set forth in rules changes, 
                adopted resolutions, and Legislative Reorganization 
                Acts, see the table on p. XVI of Riddick's Senate 
                Procedure, 1992.]

                                     --------

         1                             RULE I

                        APPOINTMENT OF A SENATOR TO THE CHAIR

       1.1      1. In the absence of the Vice President, the Senate 
            shall choose a President pro tempore, who shall hold the 
            office and execute the duties thereof during the pleasure of 
            the Senate and until another is elected or his term of 
            office as a Senator expires.
       1.2      2. In the absence of the Vice President, and pending the 
            election of a President pro tempore, the Acting President 
            pro tempore or the Secretary of the Senate, or in his 
            absence the Assistant Secretary, shall perform the duties of 
            the Chair.
       1.3      3. The President pro tempore shall have the right to 
            name in open Senate or, if absent, in writing, a Senator to 
            perform the duties of the Chair, including the signing of 
            duly enrolled bills and joint resolutions but such 
            substitution shall not extend beyond an adjournment, except 
            by unanimous consent; and the Senator so named shall have 
            the right to name in open session, or, if absent, in 
            writing, a Senator to perform the duties of the Chair, but 
            not to extend beyond an adjournment, except by unanimous 
            consent.

         2                             RULE II

               PRESENTATION OF CREDENTIALS AND QUESTIONS OF PRIVILEGE

       2.1      1. The presentation of the credentials of Senators elect 
            or of Senators designate and other questions of privilege 
            shall always be in order, except during the reading and 
            correction of the Journal, while a question of order or a 
            motion to adjourn is pending, or while the Senate is voting 
            or ascertaining the presence of a quorum; and all questions 
            and motions arising or made upon the presentation of such 
            credentials shall be proceeded with until disposed of.
       2.2      2. The Secretary shall keep a record of the certificates 
            of election and certificates of appointment of Senators by 
            entering in a well-bound book kept for that purpose the date 
            of the election or appointment, the name of the person 
            elected or appointed, the date of the certificate, the name 
            of the governor and the secretary of state signing and 
            counter-signing the same, and the State from which such 
            Senator is elected or appointed.
       2.3      3. The Secretary of the Senate shall send copies of the 
            following recommended forms to the governor and secretary of 
            state of each State wherein an election is about to take 
            place or an appointment is to be made so that they may use 
            such forms if they see fit.
            
            THE RECOMMENDED FORMS FOR CERTIFICATES OF ELECTION AND 
                CERTIFICATE OF APPOINTMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS: \1\

                     ``CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM

            ``To the President of the Senate of the United States:
                ``This is to certify that on the -- day of ----, 20--, 
            A---- B---- was duly chosen by the qualified electors of the 
            State of ---- a Senator from said State to represent said 
            State in the Senate of the United States for the term of six 
            years, beginning on the 3d day of January, 20--.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ All year designations within the following 
            certificates were changed from 19 to 20 by S. Res. 99, 106-
            2, Apr. 27, 2000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                ``Witness: His excellency our governor ----, and our 
            seal hereto affixed at ------ this -- day of ----, in the 
            year of our Lord 20--.
                ``By the governor:
                                              ``C---- D----,
                                                         ``Governor.
                ``E---- F----,
                  ``Secretary of State.''

                    ``CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR UNEXPIRED TERM

            ``To the President of the Senate of the United States:
                ``This is to certify that on the -- day of ----, 20--,
            A---- B---- was duly chosen by the qualified electors of the 
            State of ---- a Senator for the unexpired term ending at 
            noon on the 3d day of January, 20--, to fill the vacancy in 
            the representation from said State in the Senate of the 
            United States caused by the ---- of C---- D----.
                ``Witness: His excellency our governor ----, and our 
            seal hereto affixed at ------ this -- day of ----, in the 
            year of our Lord 20--.
                ``By the governor:
                                              ``E---- F----,
                                                         ``Governor.
                ``G---- H----,
                  ``Secretary of State.''

                            ``CERTIFICATE OF APPOINTMENT

            ``To the President of the Senate of the United States:
                ``This is to certify that, pursuant to the power vested 
            in me by the Constitution of the United States and the laws 
            of the State of ----, I, A---- B----, the governor of said 
            State, do hereby appoint C---- D---- a Senator from said 
            State to represent said State in the Senate of the United 
            States until the vacancy therein caused by the ---- of E---- 
            F----, is filled by election as provided by law.
                ``Witness: His excellency our governor ----, and our 
            seal hereto affixed at ------ this -- day of ----, in the 
            year of our Lord 20--.
                ``By the governor:
                                              ``G---- H----,
                                                         ``Governor.
                ``I---- J----,
                  ``Secretary of State.''
         3                            RULE III

                                        OATHS

                The oaths or affirmations required by the Constitution 
            and prescribed by law shall be taken and subscribed by each 
            Senator, in open Senate, before entering upon his duties.

            OATH REQUIRED BY THE CONSTITUTION AND BY LAW TO BE TAKEN BY 
                                      SENATORS

                ``I, A---- B---- do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I 
            will support and defend the Constitution of the United 
            States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I 
            will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take 
            this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or 
            purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully 
            discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to 
            enter: So help me God.'' (5 U.S.C. 3331.)

         4                             RULE IV

                           COMMENCEMENT OF DAILY SESSIONS

       4.1a      1.(a) \2\ The Presiding Officer having taken the chair, 
            following the prayer by the Chaplain, and after the 
            Presiding Officer, or a Senator designated by the Presiding 
            Officer, leads the Senate from the dais in reciting the 
            Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States, and a 
            quorum being present, the Journal of the preceding day shall 
            be read unless by nondebatable motion the reading shall be 
            waived, the question being, ``Shall the Journal stand 
            approved to date?'', and any mistake made in the entries 
            corrected. Except as provided in subparagraph (b) the 
            reading of the Journal shall not be suspended unless by 
            unanimous consent; and when any motion shall be made to 
            amend or correct the same, it shall be deemed a privileged 
            question, and proceeded with until disposed of.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \2\ As amended by S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986; S. 
            Res. 113, 106-1, June 23, 1999.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

       4.1b      (b) Whenever the Senate is proceeding under paragraph 2 
            of rule XXII, the reading of the Journal shall be dispensed 
            with and shall be considered approved to date.
       4.1c      (c) The proceedings of the Senate shall be briefly and 
            accurately stated on the Journal. Messages of the President 
            in full; titles of bills and resolutions, and such parts as 
            shall be affected by proposed amendments; every vote, and a 
            brief statement of the contents of each petition, memorial, 
            or paper presented to the Senate, shall be entered.
       4.1d      (d) The legislative, the executive, the confidential 
            legislative proceedings, and the proceedings when sitting as 
            a Court of Impeachment, shall each be recorded in a separate 
            book.
       4.2      2. During a session of the Senate when that body is in 
            continuous session, the Presiding Officer shall temporarily 
            suspend the business of the Senate at noon each day for the 
            purpose of having the customary daily prayer by the 
            Chaplain.

         5                             RULE V

                        SUSPENSION AND AMENDMENT OF THE RULES

       5.1      1. No motion to suspend, modify, or amend any rule, or 
            any part thereof, shall be in order, except on one day's 
            notice in writing, specifying precisely the rule or part 
            proposed to be suspended, modified, or amended, and the 
            purpose thereof. Any rule may be suspended without notice by 
            the unanimous consent of the Senate, except as otherwise 
            provided by the rules.
       5.2      2. The rules of the Senate shall continue from one 
            Congress to the next Congress unless they are changed as 
            provided in these rules.

         6                             RULE VI

                       QUORUM--ABSENT SENATORS MAY BE SENT FOR

       6.1      1. A quorum shall consist of a majority of the Senators 
            duly chosen and sworn.
       6.2      2. No Senator shall absent himself from the service of 
            the Senate without leave.
       6.3      3. If, at any time during the daily sessions of the 
            Senate, a question shall be raised by any Senator as to the 
            presence of a quorum, the Presiding Officer shall forthwith 
            direct the Secretary to call the roll and shall announce the 
            result, and these proceedings shall be without debate.
       6.4      4. Whenever upon such roll call it shall be ascertained 
            that a quorum is not present, a majority of the Senators 
            present may direct the Sergeant at Arms to request, and, 
            when necessary, to compel the attendance of the absent 
            Senators, which order shall be determined without debate; 
            and pending its execution, and until a quorum shall be 
            present, no debate nor motion, except to adjourn, or to 
            recess pursuant to a previous order entered by unanimous 
            consent, shall be in order.

         7                            RULE VII

                                  MORNING BUSINESS

       7.1      1. On each legislative day after the Journal is read, 
            the Presiding Officer on demand of any Senator shall lay 
            before the Senate messages from the President, reports and 
            communications from the heads of Departments, and other 
            communications addressed to the Senate, and such bills, 
            joint resolutions, and other messages from the House of 
            Representatives as may remain upon his table from any 
            previous day's session undisposed of. The Presiding Officer 
            on demand of any Senator shall then call for, in the 
            following order:
                        The presentation of petitions and memorials.
                        Reports of committees.
                        The introduction of bills and joint resolutions.
                        The submission of other resolutions.

            All of which shall be received and disposed of in such 
            order, unless unanimous consent shall be otherwise given, 
            with newly offered resolutions being called for before 
            resolutions coming over from a previous legislative day are 
            laid before the Senate.

       7.2      2. Until the morning business shall have been concluded, 
            and so announced from the Chair, or until one hour after the 
            Senate convenes at the beginning of a new legislative day, 
            no motion to proceed to the consideration of any bill, 
            resolution, report of a committee, or other subject upon the 
            Calendar shall be entertained by the Presiding Officer, 
            unless by unanimous consent: Provided, however, That on 
            Mondays which are the beginning of a legislative day the 
            Calendar shall be called under rule VIII, and until two 
            hours after the Senate convenes no motion shall be 
            entertained to proceed to the consideration of any bill, 
            resolution, or other subject upon the Calendar except the 
            motion to continue the consideration of a bill, resolution, 
            or other subject against objection as provided in rule VIII, 
            or until the call of the Calendar has been completed.
       7.3      3. The Presiding Officer may at any time lay, and it 
            shall be in order at any time for a Senator to move to lay, 
            before the Senate, any bill or other matter sent to the 
            Senate by the President or the House of Representatives for 
            appropriate action allowed under the rules and any question 
            pending at that time shall be suspended for this purpose. 
            Any motion so made shall be determined without debate.
       7.4      4. Petitions or memorials shall be referred, without 
            debate, to the appropriate committee according to subject 
            matter on the same basis as bills and resolutions, if signed 
            by the petitioner or memorialist. A question of receiving or 
            reference may be raised and determined without debate. But 
            no petition or memorial or other paper signed by citizens or 
            subjects of a foreign power shall be received, unless the 
            same be transmitted to the Senate by the President.
       7.5      5. Only a brief statement of the contents of petitions 
            and memorials shall be printed in the Congressional Record; 
            and no other portion of any petition or memorial shall be 
            printed in the Record unless specifically so ordered by vote 
            of the Senate, as provided for in paragraph 4 of rule XI, in 
            which case the order shall be deemed to apply to the body of 
            the petition or memorial only; and names attached to the 
            petition or memorial shall not be printed unless specially 
            ordered, except that petitions and memorials from the 
            legislatures or conventions, lawfully called, of the 
            respective States, Territories, and insular possessions 
            shall be printed in full in the Record whenever presented.
       7.6      6. Senators having petitions, memorials, bills, or 
            resolutions to present after the morning hour may deliver 
            them in the absence of objection to the Presiding Officer's 
            desk, endorsing upon them their names, and with the approval 
            of the Presiding Officer, they shall be entered on the 
            Journal with the names of the Senators presenting them and 
            in the absence of objection shall be considered as having 
            been read twice and referred to the appropriate committees, 
            and a transcript of such entries shall be furnished to the 
            official reporter of debates for publication in the 
            Congressional Record, under the direction of the Secretary 
            of the Senate.

         8                            RULE VIII

                                  ORDER OF BUSINESS

       8.1      1. At the conclusion of the morning business at the 
            beginning of a new legislative day, unless upon motion the 
            Senate shall at any time otherwise order, the Senate shall 
            proceed to the consideration of the Calendar of Bills and 
            Resolutions, and shall continue such consideration until 2 
            hours after the Senate convenes on such day (the end of the 
            morning hour); and bills and resolutions that are not 
            objected to shall be taken up in their order, and each 
            Senator shall be entitled to speak once and for five minutes 
            only upon any question; and an objection may be interposed 
            at any stage of the proceedings, but upon motion the Senate 
            may continue such consideration; and this order shall 
            commence immediately after the call for ``other 
            resolutions'', or after disposition of resolutions coming 
            ``over under the rule'', and shall take precedence of the 
            unfinished business and other special orders. But if the 
            Senate shall proceed on motion with the consideration of any 
            matter notwithstanding an objection, the foregoing 
            provisions touching debate shall not apply.
       8.2      2. All motions made during the first two hours of a new 
            legislative day to proceed to the consideration of any 
            matter shall be determined without debate, except motions to 
            proceed to the consideration of any motion, resolution, or 
            proposal to change any of the Standing Rules of the Senate 
            shall be debatable. Motions made after the first two hours 
            of a new legislative day to proceed to the consideration of 
            bills and resolutions are debatable.

         9                             RULE IX

                                      MESSAGES

       9.1      1. Messages from the President of the United States or 
            from the House of Representatives may be received at any 
            stage of proceedings, except while the Senate is voting or 
            ascertaining the presence of a quorum, or while the Journal 
            is being read, or while a question of order or a motion to 
            adjourn is pending.
       9.2      2. Messages shall be sent to the House of 
            Representatives by the Secretary, who shall previously 
            certify the determination of the Senate upon all bills, 
            joint resolutions, and other resolutions which may be 
            communicated to the House, or in which its concurrence may 
            be requested; and the Secretary shall also certify and 
            deliver to the President of the United States all 
            resolutions and other communications which may be directed 
            to him by the Senate.

        10                             RULE X

                                   SPECIAL ORDERS

       10.1      1. Any subject may, by a vote of two-thirds of the 
            Senators present, be made a special order of business for 
            consideration and when the time so fixed for its 
            consideration arrives the Presiding Officer shall lay it 
            before the Senate, unless there be unfinished business in 
            which case it takes its place on the Calendar of Special 
            Orders in the order of time at which it was made special, to 
            be considered in that order when there is no unfinished 
            business.
       10.2      2. All motions to change such order, or to proceed to 
            the consideration of other business, shall be decided 
            without debate.

        11                             RULE XI

               PAPERS--WITHDRAWAL, PRINTING, READING OF, AND REFERENCE

       11.1      1. No memorial or other paper presented to the Senate, 
            except original treaties finally acted upon, shall be 
            withdrawn from its files except by order of the Senate.
       11.2      2. The Secretary of the Senate shall obtain at the close 
            of each Congress all the noncurrent records of the Senate 
            and of each Senate committee and transfer them to the 
            General Services Administration for preservation, subject to 
            the orders of the Senate.
       11.3      3. When the reading of a paper is called for, and 
            objected to, it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate, 
            without debate.
       11.4      4. Every motion or resolution to print documents, 
            reports, and other matter transmitted by the executive 
            departments, or to print memorials, petitions, accompanying 
            documents, or any other paper, except bills of the Senate or 
            House of Representatives, resolutions submitted by a 
            Senator, communications from the legislatures or 
            conventions, lawfully called, of the respective States, 
            shall, unless the Senate otherwise order, be referred to the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration. When a motion is made 
            to commit with instructions, it shall be in order to add 
            thereto a motion to print.
       11.5      5. Motions or resolutions to print additional numbers 
            shall also be referred to the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration; and when the committee shall report 
            favorably, the report shall be accompanied by an estimate of 
            the probable cost thereof; and when the cost of printing 
            such additional numbers shall exceed the sum established by 
            law, the concurrence of the House of Representatives shall 
            be necessary for an order to print the same.
       11.6      6. Every bill and joint resolution introduced or 
            reported from a committee, and all bills and joint 
            resolutions received from the House of Representatives, and 
            all reports of committees, shall be printed, unless, for the 
            dispatch of the business of the Senate, such printing may be 
            dispensed with.

        12                            RULE XII

                                  VOTING PROCEDURE

       12.1      1. When the yeas and nays are ordered, the names of 
            Senators shall be called alphabetically; and each Senator 
            shall, without debate, declare his assent or dissent to the 
            question, unless excused by the Senate; and no Senator shall 
            be permitted to vote after the decision shall have been 
            announced by the Presiding Officer, but may for sufficient 
            reasons, with unanimous consent, change or withdraw his 
            vote. No motion to suspend this rule shall be in order, nor 
            shall the Presiding Officer entertain any request to suspend 
            it by unanimous consent.
       12.2      2. When a Senator declines to vote on call of his name, 
            he shall be required to assign his reasons therefor, and 
            having assigned them, the Presiding Officer shall submit the 
            question to the Senate: ``Shall the Senator for the reasons 
            assigned by him, be excused from voting?'' which shall be 
            decided without debate; and these proceedings shall be had 
            after the rollcall and before the result is announced; and 
            any further proceedings in reference thereto shall be after 
            such announcement.
       12.3      3. A Member, notwithstanding any other provisions of 
            this rule, may decline to vote, in committee or on the 
            floor, on any matter when he believes that his voting on 
            such a matter would be a conflict of interest.
       12.4      4. No request by a Senator for unanimous consent for the 
            taking of a final vote on a specified date upon the passage 
            of a bill or joint resolution shall be submitted to the 
            Senate for agreement thereto until after a quorum call 
            ordered for the purpose by the Presiding Officer, it shall 
            be disclosed that a quorum of the Senate is present; and 
            when a unanimous consent is thus given the same shall 
            operate as the order of the Senate, but any unanimous 
            consent may be revoked by another unanimous consent granted 
            in the manner prescribed above upon one day's notice.

        13                            RULE XIII

                                   RECONSIDERATION

       13.1      1. When a question has been decided by the Senate, any 
            Senator voting with the prevailing side or who has not voted 
            may, on the same day or on either of the next two days of 
            actual session thereafter, move a reconsideration; and if 
            the Senate shall refuse to reconsider such a motion entered, 
            or if such a motion is withdrawn by leave of the Senate, or 
            if upon reconsideration the Senate shall affirm its first 
            decision, no further motion to reconsider shall be in order 
            unless by unanimous consent. Every motion to reconsider 
            shall be decided by a majority vote, and may be laid on the 
            table without affecting the question in reference to which 
            the same is made, which shall be a final disposition of the 
            motion.
       13.2      2. When a bill, resolution, report, amendment, order, or 
            message, upon which a vote has been taken, shall have gone 
            out of the possession of the Senate and been communicated to 
            the House of Representatives, the motion to reconsider shall 
            be accompanied by a motion to request the House to return 
            the same; which last motion shall be acted upon immediately, 
            and without debate, and if determined in the negative shall 
            be a final disposition of the motion to reconsider.

        14                            RULE XIV

            BILLS, JOINT RESOLUTIONS, RESOLUTIONS, AND PREAMBLES THERETO

       14.1      1. Whenever a bill or joint resolution shall be offered, 
            its introduction shall, if objected to, be postponed for one 
            day.
       14.2      2. Every bill and joint resolution shall receive three 
            readings previous to its passage which readings on demand of 
            any Senator shall be on three different legislative days, 
            and the Presiding Officer shall give notice at each reading 
            whether it be the first, second, or third: Provided, That 
            each reading may be by title only, unless the Senate in any 
            case shall otherwise order.
       14.3      3. No bill or joint resolution shall be committed or 
            amended until it shall have been twice read, after which it 
            may be referred to a committee; bills and joint resolutions 
            introduced on leave, and bills and joint resolutions from 
            the House of Representatives, shall be read once, and may be 
            read twice, if not objected to, on the same day for 
            reference, but shall not be considered on that day nor 
            debated, except for reference, unless by unanimous consent.
       14.4      4. Every bill and joint resolution reported from a 
            committee, not having previously been read, shall be read 
            once, and twice, if not objected to, on the same day, and 
            placed on the Calendar in the order in which the same may be 
            reported; and every bill and joint resolution introduced on 
            leave, and every bill and joint resolution of the House of 
            Representatives which shall have received a first and second 
            reading without being referred to a committee, shall, if 
            objection be made to further proceeding thereon, be placed 
            on the Calendar.
       14.5      5. All bills, amendments, and joint resolutions shall be 
            examined under the supervision of the Secretary of the 
            Senate before they go out of the possession of the Senate, 
            and all bills and joint resolutions which shall have passed 
            both Houses shall be examined under the supervision of the 
            Secretary of the Senate, to see that the same are correctly 
            enrolled, and, when signed by the Speaker of the House and 
            the President of the Senate, the Secretary of the Senate 
            shall forthwith present the same, when they shall have 
            originated in the Senate, to the President of the United 
            States and report the fact and date of such presentation to 
            the Senate.
       14.6      6. All other resolutions shall lie over one day for 
            consideration, if not referred, unless by unanimous consent 
            the Senate shall otherwise direct. When objection is heard 
            to the immediate consideration of a resolution or motion 
            when it is submitted, it shall be placed on the Calendar 
            under the heading of ``Resolutions and Motions over, under 
            the Rule,'' to be laid before the Senate on the next 
            legislative day when there is no further morning business 
            but before the close of morning business and before the 
            termination of the morning hour.
       14.7      7. When a bill or joint resolution shall have been 
            ordered to be read a third time, it shall not be in order to 
            propose amendments, unless by unanimous consent, but it 
            shall be in order at any time before the passage of any bill 
            or resolution to move its commitment; and when the bill or 
            resolution shall again be reported from the committee it 
            shall be placed on the Calendar.
       14.8      8. When a bill or resolution is accompanied by a 
            preamble, the question shall first be put on the bill or 
            resolution and then on the preamble, which may be withdrawn 
            by a mover before an amendment of the same, or ordering of 
            the yeas and nays; or it may be laid on the table without 
            prejudice to the bill or resolution, and shall be a final 
            disposition of such preamble.
       14.9      9. Whenever a private bill, except a bill for a pension, 
            is under consideration, it shall be in order to move the 
            adoption of a resolution to refer the bill to the Chief 
            Commissioner of the Court of Claims for a report in 
            conformity with section 2509 of title 28, United States 
            Code.
     14.10
     14.10      10. No private bill or resolution (including so-called 
            omnibus claims or pension bills), and no amendment to any 
            bill or resolution, authorizing or directing (1) the payment 
            of money for property damages, personal injuries, or death, 
            for which a claim may be filed under chapter 171 of title 
            28, United States Code, or for a pension (other than to 
            carry out a provision of law or treaty stipulation); (2) the 
            construction of a bridge across a navigable stream; or (3) 
            the correction of a military or naval record, shall be 
            received or considered.

        15                             RULE XV

                               AMENDMENTS AND MOTIONS

       15.1      1. All motions and amendments shall be reduced to 
            writing, if desired by the Presiding Officer or by any 
            Senator, and shall be read before the same shall be debated.
       15.2      2. Any motion, amendment, or resolution may be withdrawn 
            or modified by the mover at any time before a decision, 
            amendment, or ordering of the yeas and nays, except a motion 
            to reconsider, which shall not be withdrawn without leave.
       15.3      3. If the question in debate contains several 
            propositions, any Senator may have the same divided, except 
            a motion to strike out and insert, which shall not be 
            divided; but the rejection of a motion to strike out and 
            insert one proposition shall not prevent a motion to strike 
            out and insert a different proposition; nor shall it prevent 
            a motion simply to strike out; nor shall the rejection of a 
            motion to strike out prevent a motion to strike out and 
            insert. But pending a motion to strike out and insert, the 
            part to be stricken out and the part to be inserted shall 
            each be regarded for the purpose of amendment as a question, 
            and motions to amend the part to be stricken out shall have 
            precedence.
       15.4      4. When an amendment proposed to any pending measure is 
            laid on the table, it shall not carry with it, or prejudice, 
            such measure.
       15.5      5. It shall not be in order to consider any proposed 
            committee amendment (other than a technical, clerical, or 
            conforming amendment) which contains any significant matter 
            not within the jurisdiction of the committee proposing such 
            amendment.

        16                            RULE XVI

              APPROPRIATIONS AND AMENDMENTS TO GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS 
                                        BILLS

       16.1      1. On a point of order made by any Senator, no 
            amendments shall be received to any general appropriation 
            bill the effect of which will be to increase an 
            appropriation already contained in the bill, or to add a new 
            item of appropriation, unless it be made to carry out the 
            provisions of some existing law, or treaty stipulation, or 
            act or resolution previously passed by the Senate during 
            that session; or unless the same be moved by direction of 
            the Committee on Appropriations or of a committee of the 
            Senate having legislative jurisdiction of the subject 
            matter, or proposed in pursuance of an estimate submitted in 
            accordance with law.
       16.2      2. The Committee on Appropriations shall not report an 
            appropriation bill containing amendments to such bill 
            proposing new or general legislation or any restriction on 
            the expenditure of the funds appropriated which proposes a 
            limitation not authorized by law if such restriction is to 
            take effect or cease to be effective upon the happening of a 
            contingency, and if an appropriation bill is reported to the 
            Senate containing amendments to such bill proposing new or 
            general legislation or any such restriction, a point of 
            order may be made against the bill, and if the point is 
            sustained, the bill shall be recommitted to the Committee on 
            Appropriations.
       16.3      3. All amendments to general appropriation bills moved 
            by direction of a committee having legislative jurisdiction 
            of the subject matter proposing to increase an appropriation 
            already contained in the bill, or to add new items of 
            appropriation, shall, at least one day before they are 
            considered, be referred to the Committee on Appropriations, 
            and when actually proposed to the bill no amendment 
            proposing to increase the amount stated in such amendment 
            shall be received on a point of order made by any Senator.
       16.4      4. On a point of order made by any Senator, no amendment 
            offered by any other Senator which proposes general 
            legislation shall be received to any general appropriation 
            bill, nor shall any amendment not germane or relevant to the 
            subject matter contained in the bill be received; nor shall 
            any amendment to any item or clause of such bill be received 
            which does not directly relate thereto; nor shall any 
            restriction on the expenditure of the funds appropriated 
            which proposes a limitation not authorized by law be 
            received if such restriction is to take effect or cease to 
            be effective upon the happening of a contingency; and all 
            questions of relevancy of amendments under this rule, when 
            raised, shall be submitted to the Senate and be decided 
            without debate; and any such amendment or restriction to a 
            general appropriation bill may be laid on the table without 
            prejudice to the bill.
       16.5      5. On a point of order made by any Senator, no 
            amendment, the object of which is to provide for a private 
            claim, shall be received to any general appropriation bill, 
            unless it be to carry out the provisions of an existing law 
            or a treaty stipulation, which shall be cited on the face of 
            the amendment.
       16.6      6. When a point of order is made against any restriction 
            on the expenditure of funds appropriated in a general 
            appropriation bill on the ground that the restriction 
            violates this rule, the rule shall be construed strictly 
            and, in case of doubt, in favor of the point of order.
       16.7      7. Every report on general appropriation bills filed by 
            the Committee on Appropriations shall identify with 
            particularity each recommended amendment which proposes an 
            item of appropriation which is not made to carry out the 
            provisions of an existing law, a treaty stipulation, or an 
            act or resolution previously passed by the Senate during 
            that session.
       16.8      8. On a point of order made by any Senator, no general 
            appropriation bill or amendment thereto shall be received or 
            considered if it contains a provision reappropriating 
            unexpended balances of appropriations; except that this 
            provision shall not apply to appropriations in continuation 
            of appropriations for public works on which work has 
            commenced.

        17                            RULE XVII

             REFERENCE TO COMMITTEES; MOTIONS TO DISCHARGE; REPORTS OF 
                         COMMITTEES; AND HEARINGS AVAILABLE

       17.1      1. Except as provided in paragraph 3, in any case in 
            which a controversy arises as to the jurisdiction of any 
            committee with respect to any proposed legislation, the 
            question of jurisdiction shall be decided by the presiding 
            officer, without debate, in favor of the committee which has 
            jurisdiction over the subject matter which predominates in 
            such proposed legislation; but such decision shall be 
            subject to an appeal.
       17.2      2. A motion simply to refer shall not be open to 
            amendment, except to add instructions.
     17.3a      3. (a) Upon motion by both the majority leader or his 
            designee and the minority leader or his designee, proposed 
            legislation may be referred to two or more committees 
            jointly or sequentially. Notice of such motion and the 
            proposed legislation to which it relates shall be printed in 
            the Congressional Record. The motion shall be privileged, 
            but it shall not be in order until the Congressional Record 
            in which the notice is printed has been available to 
            Senators for at least twenty-four hours. No amendment to any 
            such motion shall be in order except amendments to any 
            instructions contained therein. Debate on any such motion, 
            and all amendments thereto and debatable motions and appeals 
            in connection therewith, shall be limited to not more than 
            two hours, the time to be equally divided between, and 
            controlled by, the majority leader and the minority leader 
            or their designees.
     17.3b      (b) Proposed legislation which is referred to two or 
            more committees jointly may be reported only by such 
            committees jointly and only one report may accompany any 
            proposed legislation so jointly reported.
     17.3c      (c) A motion to refer any proposed legislation to two or 
            more committees sequentially shall specify the order of 
            referral.
     17.3d      (d) Any motion under this paragraph may specify the 
            portion or portions of proposed legislation to be considered 
            by the committees, or any of them, to which such proposed 
            legislation is referred, and such committees or committee 
            shall be limited, in the consideration of such proposed 
            legislation, to the portion or portions so specified.
     17.3e      (e) Any motion under this subparagraph may contain 
            instructions with respect to the time allowed for 
            consideration by the committees, or any of them, to which 
            proposed legislation is referred and the discharge of such 
            committees, or any of them, from further consideration of 
            such proposed legislation.
     17.4a      4. (a) All reports of committees and motions to 
            discharge a committee from the consideration of a subject, 
            and all subjects from which a committee shall be discharged, 
            shall lie over one day for consideration, unless by 
            unanimous consent the Senate shall otherwise direct.
     17.4b      (b) Whenever any committee (except the Committee on 
            Appropriations) has reported any measure, by action taken in 
            conformity with the requirements of paragraph 7 of rule 
            XXVI, no point of order shall lie with respect to that 
            measure on the ground that hearings upon that measure by the 
            committee were not conducted in accordance with the 
            provisions of paragraph 4 of rule XXVI.
       17.5      5.\3\ Any measure or matter reported by any standing 
            committee shall not be considered in the Senate unless the 
            report of that committee upon that measure or matter has 
            been available to Members for at least two calendar days 
            (excluding Sundays and legal holidays) prior to the 
            consideration of that measure or matter. If hearings have 
            been held on any such measure or matter so reported, the 
            committee reporting the measure or matter shall make every 
            reasonable effort to have such hearings printed and 
            available for distribution to the Members of the Senate 
            prior to the consideration of such measure or matter in the 
            Senate. This paragraph--
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                \3\ As amended by S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986.
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                        (1) may be waived by joint agreement of the 
                    majority leader and the minority leader of the 
                    Senate; and
                        (2) shall not apply to--
                                (A) any measure for the declaration of 
                            war, or the declaration of a national 
                            emergency, by the Congress, and
                                (B) any executive decision, 
                            determination, or action which would become, 
                            or continue to be, effective unless 
                            disapproved or otherwise invalidated by one 
                            or both Houses of Congress.

        18                           RULE XVIII

                     BUSINESS CONTINUED FROM SESSION TO SESSION

                At the second or any subsequent session of a Congress 
            the legislative business of the Senate which remained 
            undetermined at the close of the next preceding session of 
            that Congress shall be resumed and proceeded with in the 
            same manner as if no adjournment of the Senate had taken 
            place.

        19                            RULE XIX

                                       DEBATE

     19.1a      1. (a) When a Senator desires to speak, he shall rise 
            and address the Presiding Officer, and shall not proceed 
            until he is recognized, and the Presiding Officer shall 
            recognize the Senator who shall first address him. No 
            Senator shall interrupt another Senator in debate without 
            his consent, and to obtain such consent he shall first 
            address the Presiding Officer, and no Senator shall speak 
            more than twice upon any one question in debate on the same 
            legislative day without leave of the Senate, which shall be 
            determined without debate.
     19.1b      (b) At the conclusion of the morning hour at the 
            beginning of a new legislative day or after the unfinished 
            business or any pending business has first been laid before 
            the Senate on any calendar day, and until after the duration 
            of three hours of actual session after such business is laid 
            down except as determined to the contrary by unanimous 
            consent or on motion without debate, all debate shall be 
            germane and confined to the specific question then pending 
            before the Senate.
       19.2      2. No Senator in debate shall, directly or indirectly, 
            by any form of words impute to another Senator or to other 
            Senators any conduct or motive unworthy or unbecoming a 
            Senator.
       19.3      3. No Senator in debate shall refer offensively to any 
            State of the Union.
       19.4      4. If any Senator, in speaking or otherwise, in the 
            opinion of the Presiding Officer transgress the rules of the 
            Senate the Presiding Officer shall, either on his own motion 
            or at the request of any other Senator, call him to order; 
            and when a Senator shall be called to order he shall take 
            his seat, and may not proceed without leave of the Senate, 
            which, if granted, shall be upon motion that he be allowed 
            to proceed in order, which motion shall be determined 
            without debate. Any Senator directed by the Presiding 
            Officer to take his seat, and any Senator requesting the 
            Presiding Officer to require a Senator to take his seat, may 
            appeal from the ruling of the Chair, which appeal shall be 
            open to debate.
       19.5      5. If a Senator be called to order for words spoken in 
            debate, upon the demand of the Senator or of any other 
            Senator, the exceptionable words shall be taken down in 
            writing, and read at the table for the information of the 
            Senate.
       19.6      6. Whenever confusion arises in the Chamber or the 
            galleries, or demonstrations of approval or disapproval are 
            indulged in by the occupants of the galleries, it shall be 
            the duty of the Chair to enforce order on his own initiative 
            and without any point of order being made by a Senator.
       19.7      7. No Senator shall introduce to or bring to the 
            attention of the Senate during its sessions any occupant in 
            the galleries of the Senate. No motion to suspend this rule 
            shall be in order, nor may the Presiding Officer entertain 
            any request to suspend it by unanimous consent.
       19.8      8. Former Presidents of the United States shall be 
            entitled to address the Senate upon appropriate notice to 
            the Presiding Officer who shall thereupon make the necessary 
            arrangements.

        20                             RULE XX

                                 QUESTIONS OF ORDER

       20.1      1. A question of order may be raised at any stage of the 
            proceedings, except when the Senate is voting or 
            ascertaining the presence of a quorum, and, unless submitted 
            to the Senate, shall be decided by the Presiding Officer 
            without debate, subject to an appeal to the Senate. When an 
            appeal is taken, any subsequent question of order which may 
            arise before the decision of such appeal shall be decided by 
            the Presiding Officer without debate; and every appeal 
            therefrom shall be decided at once, and without debate; and 
            any appeal may be laid on the table without prejudice to the 
            pending proposition, and thereupon shall be held as 
            affirming the decision of the Presiding Officer.
       20.2      2. The Presiding Officer may submit any question of 
            order for the decision of the Senate.

        21                            RULE XXI

                              SESSION WITH CLOSED DOORS

       21.1      1. On a motion made and seconded to close the doors of 
            the Senate, on the discussion of any business which may, in 
            the opinion of a Senator, require secrecy, the Presiding 
            Officer shall direct the galleries to be cleared; and during 
            the discussion of such motion the doors shall remain closed.
       21.2      2. When the Senate meets in closed session, any 
            applicable provisions of rules XXIX and XXXI, including the 
            confidentiality of information shall apply to any 
            information and to the conduct of any debate transacted.

        22                            RULE XXII

                                PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS

       22.1      1. When a question is pending, no motion shall be 
            received but--
                        To adjourn.
                        To adjourn to a day certain, or that when the 
                    Senate adjourn it shall be to a day certain.
                        To take a recess.
                        To proceed to the consideration of executive 
                    business.
                        To lay on the table.
                        To postpone indefinitely.
                        To postpone to a day certain.
                        To commit.
                        To amend.
            Which several motions shall have precedence as they stand 
            arranged; and the motions relating to adjournment, to take a 
            recess, to proceed to the consideration of executive 
            business, to lay on the table, shall be decided without 
            debate.

       22.2      2.\4\ Notwithstanding the provisions of rule II or rule 
            IV or any other rule of the Senate, at any time a motion 
            signed by sixteen Senators, to bring to a close the debate 
            upon any measure, motion, other matter pending before the 
            Senate, or the unfinished business, is presented to the 
            Senate, the Presiding Officer, or clerk at the direction of 
            the Presiding Officer, shall at once state the motion to the 
            Senate, and one hour after the Senate meets on the following 
            calendar day but one, he shall lay the motion before the 
            Senate and direct that the clerk call the roll, and upon the 
            ascertainment that a quorum is present, the Presiding 
            Officer shall, without debate, submit to the Senate by a 
            yea-and-nay vote the question:
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                \4\ As amended by S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986.
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                ``Is it the sense of the Senate that the debate shall be 
            brought to a close?''
                And if that question shall be decided in the affirmative 
            by three-fifths of the Senators duly chosen and sworn--
            except on a measure or motion to amend the Senate rules, in 
            which case the necessary affirmative vote shall be two-
            thirds of the Senators present and voting--then said 
            measure, motion, or other matter pending before the Senate, 
            or the unfinished business, shall be the unfinished business 
            to the exclusion of all other business until disposed of.
                Thereafter no Senator shall be entitled to speak in all 
            more than one hour on the measure, motion, or other matter 
            pending before the Senate, or the unfinished business, the 
            amendments thereto and motions affecting the same, and it 
            shall be the duty of the Presiding Officer to keep the time 
            of each Senator who speaks. Except by unanimous consent, no 
            amendment shall be proposed after the vote to bring the 
            debate to a close, unless it had been submitted in writing 
            to the Journal Clerk by 1 o'clock p.m. on the day following 
            the filing of the cloture motion if an amendment in the 
            first degree, and unless it had been so submitted at least 
            one hour prior to the beginning of the cloture vote if an 
            amendment in the second degree. No dilatory motion, or 
            dilatory amendment, or amendment not germane shall be in 
            order. Points of order, including questions of relevancy, 
            and appeals from the decision of the Presiding Officer, 
            shall be decided without debate.
                After no more than thirty hours of consideration of the 
            measure, motion, or other matter on which cloture has been 
            invoked, the Senate shall proceed, without any further 
            debate on any question, to vote on the final disposition 
            thereof to the exclusion of all amendments not then actually 
            pending before the Senate at that time and to the exclusion 
            of all motions, except a motion to table, or to reconsider 
            and one quorum call on demand to establish the presence of a 
            quorum (and motions required to establish a quorum) 
            immediately before the final vote begins. The thirty hours 
            may be increased by the adoption of a motion, decided 
            without debate, by a three-fifths affirmative vote of the 
            Senators duly chosen and sworn, and any such time thus 
            agreed upon shall be equally divided between and controlled 
            by the Majority and Minority Leaders or their designees. 
            However, only one motion to extend time, specified above, 
            may be made in any one calendar day.
                If, for any reason, a measure or matter is reprinted 
            after cloture has been invoked, amendments which were in 
            order prior to the reprinting of the measure or matter will 
            continue to be in order and may be conformed and reprinted 
            at the request of the amendment's sponsor. The conforming 
            changes must be limited to lineation and pagination.
                No Senator shall call up more than two amendments until 
            every other Senator shall have had the opportunity to do 
            likewise.
                Notwithstanding other provisions of this rule, a Senator 
            may yield all or part of his one hour to the majority or 
            minority floor managers of the measure, motion, or matter or 
            to the Majority or Minority Leader, but each Senator 
            specified shall not have more than two hours so yielded to 
            him and may in turn yield such time to other Senators.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of this rule, any 
            Senator who has not used or yielded at least ten minutes, 
            is, if he seeks recognition, guaranteed up to ten minutes, 
            inclusive, to speak only.
                After cloture is invoked, the reading of any amendment, 
            including House amendments, shall be dispensed with when the 
            proposed amendment has been identified and has been 
            available in printed form at the desk of the Members for not 
            less than twenty-four hours.

        23                           RULE XXIII

                               PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR

                Other than the Vice President and Senators, no person 
            shall be admitted to the floor of the Senate while in 
            session, except as follows:
                The President of the United States and his private 
            secretary.
                The President elect and Vice President elect of the 
            United States.
                Ex-Presidents and ex-Vice Presidents of the United 
            States.
                Judges of the Supreme Court.
                Ex-Senators and Senators elect.
                The officers and employees of the Senate in the 
            discharge of their official duties.
                Ex-Secretaries and ex-Sergeants at Arms of the Senate.
                Members of the House of Representatives and Members 
            elect.
                Ex-Speakers of the House of Representatives.
                The Sergeant at Arms of the House and his chief deputy 
            and the Clerk of the House and his deputy.
                Heads of the Executive Departments.
                Ambassadors and Ministers of the United States.
                Governors of States and Territories.
                Members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
                The General Commanding the Army.
                The Senior Admiral of the Navy on the active list.
                Members of National Legislatures of foreign countries 
            and Members of the European Parliament.
                Judges of the Court of Claims.
                The Mayor of the District of Columbia.
                The Librarian of Congress and the Assistant Librarian in 
            charge of the Law Library.
                The Architect of the Capitol.
                The Chaplain of the House of Representatives.
                The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
                The Parliamentarian Emeritus of the Senate.
                Members of the staffs of committees of the Senate and 
            joint committees of the Congress when in the discharge of 
            their official duties and employees in the office of a 
            Senator when in the discharge of their official duties (but 
            in each case subject to such rules or regulations as may be 
            prescribed by the Committee on Rules and Administration). 
            Senate committee staff members and employees in the office 
            of a Senator must be on the payroll of the Senate and 
            members of joint committee staffs must be on the payroll of 
            the Senate or the House of Representatives.

        24                            RULE XXIV

                              APPOINTMENT OF COMMITTEES

       24.1      1. In the appointment of the standing committees, or to 
            fill vacancies thereon, the Senate, unless otherwise 
            ordered, shall by resolution appoint the chairman of each 
            such committee and the other members thereof. On demand of 
            any Senator, a separate vote shall be had on the appointment 
            of the chairman of any such committee and on the appointment 
            of the other members thereof. Each such resolution shall be 
            subject to amendment and to division of the question.
       24.2      2. On demand of one-fifth of the Senators present, a 
            quorum being present, any vote taken pursuant to paragraph 1 
            shall be by ballot.
       24.3      3. Except as otherwise provided or unless otherwise 
            ordered, all other committees, and the chairmen thereof, 
            shall be appointed in the same manner as standing 
            committees.
       24.4      4. When a chairman of a committee shall resign or cease 
            to serve on a committee, action by the Senate to fill the 
            vacancy in such committee, unless specially otherwise 
            ordered, shall be only to fill up the number of members of 
            the committee, and the election of a new chairman.

        25                            RULE XXV

                                 STANDING COMMITTEES

       25.1      1. The following standing committees shall be appointed 
            at the commencement of each Congress, and shall continue and 
            have the power to act until their successors are appointed, 
            with leave to report by bill or otherwise on matters within 
            their respective jurisdictions:
     25.1a      (a) (1) Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
            Forestry, to which committee shall be referred all proposed 
            legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other 
            matters relating primarily to the following subjects:
                1. Agricultural economics and research.
                2. Agricultural extension services and experiment 
            stations.
                3. Agricultural production, marketing, and stabilization 
            of prices.
                4. Agriculture and agricultural commodities.
                5. Animal industry and diseases.
                6. Crop insurance and soil conservation.
                7. Farm credit and farm security.
                8. Food from fresh waters.
                9. Food stamp programs.
                10. Forestry, and forest reserves and wilderness areas 
            other than those created from the public domain.
                11. Home economics.
                12. Human nutrition.
                13. Inspection of livestock, meat, and agricultural 
            products.
                14. Pests and pesticides.
                15. Plant industry, soils, and agricultural engineering.
                16. Rural development, rural electrification, and 
            watersheds.
                17. School nutrition programs.
                (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a 
            comprehensive basis, matters relating to food, nutrition, 
            and hunger, both in the United States and in foreign 
            countries, and rural affairs, and report thereon from time 
            to time.
     25.1b      (b) Committee on Appropriations, to which committee 
            shall be referred all proposed legislation, messages, 
            petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the 
            following subjects:
                1. Appropriation of the revenue for the support of the 
            Government, except as provided in subparagraph (e).
                2. Rescission of appropriations contained in 
            appropriation Acts (referred to in section 105 of title 1, 
            United States Code).
                3. The amount of new spending authority described in 
            section 401(c)(2) (A) and (B) of the Congressional Budget 
            Act of 1974 which is to be effective for a fiscal year.
                4. New spending authority described in section 
            401(c)(2)(C) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 
            provided in bills and resolutions referred to the committee 
            under section 401(b)(2) of that Act (but subject to the 
            provisions of section 401(b)(3) of that Act).
     25.1c      (c) (1) Committee on Armed Services, to which committee 
            shall be referred all proposed legislation, messages, 
            petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the 
            following subjects:
                1. Aeronautical and space activities peculiar to or 
            primarily associated with the development of weapons systems 
            or military operations.
                2. Common defense.
                3. Department of Defense, the Department of the Army, 
            the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air 
            Force, generally.
                4. Maintenance and operation of the Panama Canal, 
            including administration, sanitation, and government of the 
            Canal Zone.
                5. Military research and development.
                6. National security aspects of nuclear energy.
                7. Naval petroleum reserves, except those in Alaska.
                8. Pay, promotion, retirement, and other benefits and 
            privileges of members of the Armed Forces, including 
            overseas education of civilian and military dependents.
                9. Selective service system.
                10. Strategic and critical materials necessary for the 
            common defense.
                (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a 
            comprehensive basis, matters relating to the common defense 
            policy of the United States, and report thereon from time to 
            time.
     25.1d      (d) (1) Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban 
            Affairs, to which committee shall be referred all proposed 
            legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other 
            matters relating to the following subjects:
                1. Banks, banking, and financial institutions.
                2. Control of prices of commodities, rents, and 
            services.
                3. Deposit insurance.
                4. Economic stabilization and defense production.
                5. Export and foreign trade promotion.
                6. Export controls.
                7. Federal monetary policy, including Federal Reserve 
            System.
                8. Financial aid to commerce and industry.
                9. Issuance and redemption of notes.
                10. Money and credit, including currency and coinage.
                11. Nursing home construction.
                12. Public and private housing (including veterans' 
            housing).
                13. Renegotiation of Government contracts.
                14. Urban development and urban mass transit.
                (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a 
            comprehensive basis, matters relating to international 
            economic policy as it affects United States monetary 
            affairs, credit, and financial institutions; economic 
            growth, urban affairs, and credit, and report thereon from 
            time to time.
     25.1e      (e) (1) Committee on the Budget, to which committee 
            shall be referred all concurrent resolutions on the budget 
            (as defined in section 3(a)(4) of the Congressional Budget 
            Act of 1974) and all other matters required to be referred 
            to that committee under titles III and IV of that Act, and 
            messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating 
            thereto.
                (2) Such committee shall have the duty--
                        (A) to report the matters required to be 
                    reported by it under titles III and IV of the 
                    Congressional Budget Act of 1974;
                        (B) to make continuing studies of the effect on 
                    budget outlays of relevant existing and proposed 
                    legislation and to report the results of such 
                    studies to the Senate on a recurring basis;
                        (C) to request and evaluate continuing studies 
                    of tax expenditures, to devise methods of 
                    coordinating tax expenditures, policies, and 
                    programs with direct budget outlays, and to report 
                    the results of such studies to the Senate on a 
                    recurring basis; and
                        (D) to review, on a continuing basis, the 
                    conduct by the Congressional Budget Office of its 
                    functions and duties.

     25.1f      (f) (1) Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
            Transportation, to which committee shall be referred all 
            proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and 
            other matters relating to the following subjects:
                1. Coast Guard.
                2. Coastal zone management.
                3. Communications.
                4. Highway safety.
                5. Inland waterways, except construction.
                6. Interstate commerce.
                7. Marine and ocean navigation, safety, and 
            transportation, including navigational aspects of deepwater 
            ports.
                8. Marine fisheries.
                9. Merchant marine and navigation.
                10. Nonmilitary aeronautical and space sciences.
                11. Oceans, weather, and atmospheric activities.
                12. Panama Canal and interoceanic canals generally, 
            except as provided in subparagraph (c).
                13. Regulation of consumer products and services, 
            including testing related to toxic substances, other than 
            pesticides, and except for credit, financial services, and 
            housing.
                14. Regulation of interstate common carriers, including 
            railroads, buses, trucks, vessels, pipelines, and civil 
            aviation.
                15. Science, engineering, and technology research and 
            development and policy.
                16. Sports.
                17. Standards and measurement.
                18. Transportation.
                19. Transportation and commerce aspects of Outer 
            Continental Shelf lands.
                (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a 
            comprehensive basis, all matters relating to science and 
            technology, oceans policy, transportation, communications, 
            and consumer affairs, and report thereon from time to time.
     25.1g      (g) (1) Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, to 
            which committee shall be referred all proposed legislation, 
            messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating 
            to the following subjects:
                1. Coal production, distribution, and utilization.
                2. Energy policy.
                3. Energy regulation and conservation.
                4. Energy related aspects of deepwater ports.
                5. Energy research and development.
                6. Extraction of minerals from oceans and Outer 
            Continental Shelf lands.
                7. Hydroelectric power, irrigation, and reclamation.
                8. Mining education and research.
                9. Mining, mineral lands, mining claims, and mineral 
            conservation.
                10. National parks, recreation areas, wilderness areas, 
            wild and scenic rivers, historical sites, military parks and 
            battlefields, and on the public domain, preservation of 
            prehistoric ruins and objects of interest.
                11. Naval petroleum reserves in Alaska.
                12. Nonmilitary development of nuclear energy.
                13. Oil and gas production and distribution.
                14. Public lands and forests, including farming and 
            grazing thereon, and mineral extraction therefrom.
                15. Solar energy systems.
                16. Territorial possessions of the United States, 
            including trusteeships.
                (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a 
            comprehensive basis, matters relating to energy and 
            resources development, and report thereon from time to time.
     25.1h      (h) (1) Committee on Environment and Public Works, to 
            which committee shall be referred all proposed legislation, 
            messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating 
            to the following subjects:
                1. Air pollution.
                2. Construction and maintenance of highways.
                3. Environmental aspects of Outer Continental Shelf 
            lands.
                4. Environmental effects of toxic substances, other than 
            pesticides.
                5. Environmental policy.
                6. Environmental research and development.
                7. Fisheries and wildlife.
                8. Flood control and improvements of rivers and harbors, 
            including environmental aspects of deepwater ports.
                9. Noise pollution.
                10. Nonmilitary environmental regulation and control of 
            nuclear energy.
                11. Ocean dumping.
                12. Public buildings and improved grounds of the United 
            States generally, including Federal buildings in the 
            District of Columbia.
                13. Public works, bridges, and dams.
                14. Regional economic development.
                15. Solid waste disposal and recycling.
                16. Water pollution.
                17. Water resources.
                (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a 
            comprehensive basis, matters relating to environmental 
            protection and resource utilization and conservation, and 
            report thereon from time to time.
     25.1i      (i) Committee on Finance, to which committee shall be 
            referred all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, 
            memorials, and other matters relating to the following 
            subjects:
                1. Bonded debt of the United States, except as provided 
            in the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.
                2. Customs, collection districts, and ports of entry and 
            delivery.
                3. Deposit of public moneys.
                4. General revenue sharing.
                5. Health programs under the Social Security Act and 
            health programs financed by a specific tax or trust fund.
                6. National social security.
                7. Reciprocal trade agreements.
                8. Revenue measures generally, except as provided in the 
            Congressional Budget Act of 1974.
                9. Revenue measures relating to the insular possessions.
                10. Tariffs and import quotas, and matters related 
            thereto.
                11. Transportation of dutiable goods.
     25.1j      (j) (1) Committee on Foreign Relations, to which 
            committee shall be referred all proposed legislation, 
            messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating 
            to the following subjects:
                1. Acquisition of land and buildings for embassies and 
            legations in foreign countries.
                2. Boundaries of the United States.
                3. Diplomatic service.
                4. Foreign economic, military, technical, and 
            humanitarian assistance.
                5. Foreign loans.
                6. International activities of the American National Red 
            Cross and the International Committee of the Red Cross.
                7. International aspects of nuclear energy, including 
            nuclear transfer policy.
                8. International conferences and congresses.
                9. International law as it relates to foreign policy.
                10. International Monetary Fund and other international 
            organizations established primarily for international 
            monetary purposes (except that, at the request of the 
            Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, any 
            proposed legislation relating to such subjects reported by 
            the Committee on Foreign Relations shall be referred to the 
            Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs).
                11. Intervention abroad and declarations of war.
                12. Measures to foster commercial intercourse with 
            foreign nations and to safeguard American business interests 
            abroad.
                13. National security and international aspects of 
            trusteeships of the United States.
                14. Oceans and international environmental and 
            scientific affairs as they relate to foreign policy.
                15. Protection of United States citizens abroad and 
            expatriation.
                16. Relations of the United States with foreign nations 
            generally.
                17. Treaties and executive agreements, except reciprocal 
            trade agreements.
                18. United Nations and its affiliated organizations.
                19. World Bank group, the regional development banks, 
            and other international organizations established primarily 
            for development assistance purposes.
                (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a 
            comprehensive basis, matters relating to the national 
            security policy, foreign policy, and international economic 
            policy as it relates to foreign policy of the United States, 
            and matters relating to food, hunger, and nutrition in 
            foreign countries, and report thereon from time to time.
     25.1k      (k) (1) Committee on Governmental Affairs, to which 
            committee shall be referred all proposed legislation, 
            messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating 
            to the following subjects:
                1. Archives of the United States.
                2. Budget and accounting measures, other than 
            appropriations, except as provided in the Congressional 
            Budget Act of 1974.
                3. Census and collection of statistics, including 
            economic and social statistics.
                4. Congressional organization, except for any part of 
            the matter that amends the rules or orders of the Senate.
                5. Federal Civil Service.
                6. Government information.
                7. Intergovernmental relations.
                8. Municipal affairs of the District of Columbia, except 
            appropriations therefor.
                9. Organization and management of United States nuclear 
            export policy.
                10. Organization and reorganization of the executive 
            branch of the Government.
                11. Postal Service.
                12. Status of officers and employees of the United 
            States, including their classification, compensation, and 
            benefits.
                (2) Such committee shall have the duty of--
                        (A) receiving and examining reports of the 
                    Comptroller General of the United States and of 
                    submitting such recommendations to the Senate as it 
                    deems necessary or desirable in connection with the 
                    subject matter of such reports;
                        (B) studying the efficiency, economy, and 
                    effectiveness of all agencies and departments of the 
                    Government;
                        (C) evaluating the effects of laws enacted to 
                    reorganize the legislative and executive branches of 
                    the Government; and
                        (D) studying the intergovernmental relationships 
                    between the United States and the States and 
                    municipalities, and between the United States and 
                    international organizations of which the United 
                    States is a member.

     25.1l      (l) (1) \5\ Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and 
            Pensions to which committee shall be referred all proposed 
            legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other 
            matters relating to the following subjects:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \5\ Name changed pursuant to S. Res. 28, 106-1, Jan. 21, 
            1999; redesignated as subparagraph (l) by S. Res. 299, 106-
            2, Apr. 27, 2000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                1. Measures relating to education, labor, health, and 
            public welfare.
                2. Aging.
                3. Agricultural colleges.
                4. Arts and humanities.
                5. Biomedical research and development.
                6. Child labor.
                7. Convict labor and the entry of goods made by convicts 
            into interstate commerce.
                8. Domestic activities of the American National Red 
            Cross.
                9. Equal employment opportunity.
                10. Gallaudet College, Howard University, and Saint 
            Elizabeths Hospital.
                11. \6\ Individuals with disabilities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 \6\ As amended, S. Res. 28, 106-1, Jan. 21, 1999.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                12. Labor standards and labor statistics.
                13. Mediation and arbitration of labor disputes.
                14. Occupational safety and health, including the 
            welfare of miners.
                15. Private pension plans.
                16. Public health.
                17. Railway labor and retirement.
                18. Regulation of foreign laborers.
                19. Student loans.
                20. Wages and hours of labor.
                (2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a 
            comprehensive basis, matters relating to health, education 
            and training, and public welfare, and report thereon from 
            time to time.
     25.1m      (m) \7\ Committee on the Judiciary, to which committee 
            shall be referred all proposed legislation, messages, 
            petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the 
            following subjects:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 \7\ Redesignated as subparagraph (m) by S. Res. 299, 
            106-2, Apr. 27, 2000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                1. Apportionment of Representatives.
                2. Bankruptcy, mutiny, espionage, and counterfeiting.
                3. Civil liberties.
                4. Constitutional amendments.
                5. Federal courts and judges.
                6. Government information.
                7. Holidays and celebrations.
                8. Immigration and naturalization.
                9. Interstate compacts generally.
                10. Judicial proceedings, civil and criminal, generally.
                11. Local courts in the territories and possessions.
                12. Measures relating to claims against the United 
            States.
                13. National penitentiaries.
                14. Patent Office.
                15. Patents, copyrights, and trademarks.
                16. Protection of trade and commerce against unlawful 
            restraints and monopolies.
                17. Revision and codification of the statutes of the 
            United States.
                18. State and territorial boundary lines.
     25.1n      (n) (1) Committee on Rules and Administration, to which 
            committee shall be referred all proposed legislation, 
            messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating 
            to the following subjects:
                1. Administration of the Senate Office Buildings and the 
            Senate wing of the Capitol, including the assignment of 
            office space.
                2. Congressional organization relative to rules and 
            procedures, and Senate rules and regulations, including 
            floor and gallery rules.
                3. Corrupt practices.
                4. Credentials and qualifications of Members of the 
            Senate, contested elections, and acceptance of incompatible 
            offices.
                5. Federal elections generally, including the election 
            of the President, Vice President, and Members of the 
            Congress.
                6. Government Printing Office, and the printing and 
            correction of the Congressional Record, as well as those 
            matters provided for under rule XI.
                7. Meetings of the Congress and attendance of Members.
                8. Payment of money out of the contingent fund of the 
            Senate or creating a charge upon the same (except that any 
            resolution relating to substantive matter within the 
            jurisdiction of any other standing committee of the Senate 
            shall be first referred to such committee).
                9. Presidential succession.
                10. Purchase of books and manuscripts and erection of 
            monuments to the memory of individuals.
                11. Senate Library and statuary, art, and pictures in 
            the Capitol and Senate Office Buildings.
                12. Services to the Senate, including the Senate 
            restaurant.
                13. United States Capitol and congressional office 
            buildings, the Library of Congress, the Smithsonian 
            Institution (and the incorporation of similar institutions), 
            and the Botanic Gardens.
                (2) Such committee shall also--
                        (A) make a continuing study of the organization 
                    and operation of the Congress of the United States 
                    and shall recommend improvements in such 
                    organization and operation with a view toward 
                    strengthening the Congress, simplifying its 
                    operations, improving its relationships with other 
                    branches of the United States Government, and 
                    enabling it better to meet its responsibilities 
                    under the Constitution of the United States;
                        (B) identify any court proceeding or action 
                    which, in the opinion of the Committee, is of vital 
                    interest to the Congress as a constitutionally 
                    established institution of the Federal Government 
                    and call such proceeding or action to the attention 
                    of the Senate; and
                        (C)\8\ develop, implement, and update as 
                    necessary a strategy planning process and a 
                    strategic plan for the functional and technical 
                    infrastructure support of the Senate and provide 
                    oversight over plans developed by Senate officers 
                    and others in accordance with the strategic planning 
                    process.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \8\As added, S. Res. 151, 105-1, Nov. 9, 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     25.1o      (o)(1)\9\ Committee on Small Business, to which 
            committee shall be referred all proposed legislation, 
            messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating 
            to the Small Business Administration.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \9\As added, S. Res. 101, 97-1, Mar. 25, 1981.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                (2) Any proposed legislation reported by such committee 
            which relates to matters other than the functions of the 
            Small Business Administration shall, at the request of the 
            chairman of any standing committee having jurisdiction over 
            the subject matter extraneous to the functions of the Small 
            Business Administration, be considered and reported by such 
            standing committee prior to its consideration by the Senate; 
            and likewise measures reported by other committees directly 
            relating to the Small Business Administration shall, at the 
            request of the chairman of the Committee on Small Business, 
            be referred to the Committee on Small Business for its 
            consideration of any portions of the measure dealing with 
            the Small Business Administration, and be reported by this 
            committee prior to its consideration by the Senate.
                (3) Such committee shall also study and survey by means 
            of research and investigation all problems of American small 
            business enterprises, and report thereon from time to time.
     25.1p      (p)\10\ Committee on Veterans' Affairs, to which 
            committee shall be referred all proposed legislation, 
            messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating 
            to the following subjects:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \10\Redesignated as subparagraph (p) by S. Res. 101, 97-
            1, Mar. 25, 1981.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                1. Compensation of veterans.
                2. Life insurance issued by the Government on account of 
            service in the Armed Forces.
                3. National cemeteries.
                4. Pensions of all wars of the United States, general 
            and special.
                5. Readjustment of servicemen to civil life.
                6. Soldiers' and sailors' civil relief.
                7. Veterans' hospitals, medical care and treatment of 
            veterans.
                8. Veterans' measures generally.
                9. Vocational rehabilitation and education of veterans.
       25.2      2.\11\ Except as otherwise provided by paragraph 4 of 
            this rule, each of the following standing committees shall 
            consist of the number of Senators set forth in the following 
            table on the line on which the name of that committee 
            appears:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \11\As amended, S. Res. 13, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981; S. Res. 
            365, 97-2, Apr. 20, 1982; S. Res. 380, 97-2, Apr. 27, 1982; 
            S. Res. 6, 98-1, Jan. 3, 1983; S. Res. 20, 98-1, Jan. 27, 
            1983; S. Res. 53, 98-1, Feb. 3, 1983; S. Res. 338, 98-2, 
            Feb. 9, 1984; S. Res. 74, 99-1, Feb. 21, 1985; S. Res. 14, 
            100-1, Jan. 6, 1987; S. Res. 211, 100-1, May 12, 1987; S. 
            Res. 43, 101-1, Feb. 2, 1989; S. Res. 43, 102-1, Feb. 5, 
            1991; S. Res. 135, 102-1, June 4, 1991; S. Res. 4, 103-1, 
            Jan. 7, 1993; S. Res. 130, 103-1, July 1, 1993; S. Res. 132, 
            103-1, July 15, 1993; S. Res. 14, 104-1, Jan. 5, 1995; S. 
            Res. 92, 104-1, Mar. 24, 1995; S. Res. 9, 105-1, Jan. 9, 
            1997; HELP/Judiciary reversed pursuant to S. Res. 299, 106-
            2, Apr. 27, 2000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Committee:
                                                                  Members

                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry..........    18
                    Appropriations................................    28
                    Armed Services................................    18
                    Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs...........    18
                    Commerce, Science, and Transportation.........    20
                    Energy and Natural Resources..................    20
                    Environment and Public Works..................    18
                    Finance.......................................    20
                    Foreign Relations.............................    18
                    Governmental Affairs..........................    16
                    Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions........    18
                    Judiciary.....................................    18
                  

     25.3a      3. (a)\12\ Except as otherwise provided by paragraph 4 
            of this rule, each of the following standing committees 
            shall consist of the number of Senators set forth in the 
            following table on the line on which the name of that 
            committee appears:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \12\As amended, S. Res. 13, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981; S. Res. 
            101, 97-1, Mar. 25, 1981; S. Res. 6, 98-1, Jan 3, 1983; S. 
            Res. 88, 99-1, Mar. 5, 1985; S. Res. 14, 100-1, Jan. 6, 
            1987; S. Res. 211, 100-1, May 12, 1987; S. Res. 43, 101-1, 
            Feb. 2, 1989; S. Res. 85, 102-1, Mar. 19, 1991; S. Res. 135, 
            102-1, June 4, 1991; S. Res. 18, 103-1, Jan. 21, 1993; S. 
            Res. 130, 103-1, July 1, 1993; S. Res. 34, 104-1, Jan. 6, 
            1995; S. Res. 9, 105-1, Jan. 9, 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Committee:
                                                                  Members

                    Budget........................................    22
                    Rules and Administration......................    16
                    Veterans' Affairs.............................    12
                    Small Business................................    18
                  

     25.3b      (b)\13\ Each of the following committees and joint 
            committees shall consist of the number of Senators (or 
            Senate members, in the case of a joint committee) set forth 
            in the following table on the line on which the name of that 
            committee appears:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \13\As amended, S. Res. 13, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981; S. Res. 
            24, 97-1, Jan. 19, 1981; S. Res. 101, 97-1, Mar. 25, 1981; 
            S. Res. 338, 98-2, Feb. 9, 1984; S. Res. 85, 102-1, Mar. 19, 
            1991; S. Res. 135, 102-1, June 4, 1991; S. Res. 18, 103-1, 
            Jan. 21, 1993; S. Res. 34, 104-1, Jan. 6, 1995; S. Res. 9, 
            105-1, Jan. 9, 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Committee:
                                                                  Members

                    Aging.........................................    18
                    Intelligence..................................    19
                    Joint Economic Committee......................    10
                  

     25.3c      (c)\14\ Each of the following committees and joint 
            committees shall consist of the number of Senators (or 
            Senate members, in the case of a joint committee) set forth 
            in the following table on the line on which the name of that 
            committee appears:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \14\As amended, S. Res. 448, 96-2, Dec. 11, 1980; S. 
            Res. 88, 99-1, Mar. 5, 1985; S. Res. 14, 100-1, Jan. 6, 
            1987; S. Res. 100, 101-1, Apr. 11, 1989; S. Res. 44, 102-1, 
            Feb. 5, 1991; S. Res. 18, 103-1, Jan. 21, 1993; S. Res. 34, 
            104-1, Jan. 6, 1995; S. Res. 92, 104-1, Mar. 24, 1995; S. 
            Res. 9, 105-1, Jan. 9, 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Committee:
                                                                  Members

                    Ethics........................................     6
                    Indian Affairs................................    14
                    Joint Committee on Taxation...................     5
                  

     25.4a      4. (a) Except as otherwise provided by this paragraph--
                        (1) each Senator shall serve on two and no more 
                    committees listed in paragraph 2; and
                        (2) each Senator may serve on only one committee 
                    listed in paragraph 3 (a) or (b).

     25.4b      (b) (1) Each Senator may serve on not more than three 
            subcommittees of each committee (other than the Committee on 
            Appropriations) listed in paragraph 2 of which he is a 
            member.
                (2) Each Senator may serve on not more than two 
            subcommittees of a committee listed in paragraph 3 (a) or 
            (b) of which he is a member.
                (3) Notwithstanding subparagraphs (1) and (2), a Senator 
            serving as chairman or ranking minority member of a 
            standing, select, or special committee of the Senate or 
            joint committee of the Congress may serve ex officio, 
            without vote, as a member of any subcommittee of such 
            committee or joint committee.
                (4) No committee of the Senate may establish any sub- 
            unit of that committee other than a subcommittee, unless the 
            Senate by resolution has given permission therefor. For 
            purposes of this subparagraph, any subunit of a joint 
            committee shall be treated as a subcommittee.
     25.4c      (c) By agreement entered into by the majority leader and 
            the minority leader, the membership of one or more standing 
            committees may be increased temporarily from time to time by 
            such number or numbers as may be required to accord to the 
            majority party a majority of the membership of all standing 
            committees. When any such temporary increase is necessary to 
            accord to the majority party a majority of the membership of 
            all standing committees, members of the majority party in 
            such number as may be required for that purpose may serve as 
            members of three standing committees listed in paragraph 2. 
            No such temporary increase in the membership of any standing 
            committee under this subparagraph shall be continued in 
            effect after the need therefor has ended. No standing 
            committee may be increased in membership under this 
            subparagraph by more than two members in excess of the 
            number prescribed for that committee by paragraph 2 or 3(a).
     25.4d      (d) A Senator may serve as a member of any joint 
            committee of the Congress the Senate members of which are 
            required by law to be appointed from a standing committee of 
            the Senate of which he is a member, and service as a member 
            of any such joint committee shall not be taken into account 
            for purposes of subparagraph (a)(2).
     25.4e      (e) (1) No Senator shall serve at any time as chairman 
            of more than one standing, select, or special committee of 
            the Senate or joint committee of the Congress, except that a 
            Senator may serve as chairman of any joint committee of the 
            Congress having jurisdiction with respect to a subject 
            matter which is directly related to the jurisdiction of a 
            standing committee of which he is chairman.
                (2) No Senator shall serve at any time as chairman of 
            more than one subcommittee of each standing, select, or 
            special committee of the Senate or joint committee of the 
            Congress of which he is a member.
                (3) A Senator who is serving as the chairman of a 
            committee listed in paragraph 2 may serve at any time as the 
            chairman of only one subcommittee of all committees listed 
            in paragraph 2 of which he is a member and may serve at any 
            time as the chairman of only one subcommittee of each 
            committee listed in paragraph 3 (a) or (b) of which he is a 
            member. A Senator who is serving as the chairman of a 
            committee listed in paragraph 3 (a) or (b) may not serve as 
            the chairman of any subcommittee of that committee, and may 
            serve at any time as the chairman of only one subcommittee 
            of each committee listed in paragraph 2 of which he is a 
            member. Any other Senator may serve as the chairman of only 
            one subcommittee of each committee listed in paragraph 2, 
            3(a), or 3(b) of which he is a member.
     25.4f      (f) A Senator serving on the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration may not serve on any joint committee of the 
            Congress unless the Senate members thereof are required by 
            law to be appointed from the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration, or unless such Senator served on the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration and the Joint 
            Committee on Taxation on the last day of the Ninety-eighth 
            Congress.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \15\ As amended, S. Res. 76, 99-1, Feb. 21, 1985.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     25.4g      (g) A Senator who on the day preceding the effective 
            date of title I of the Committee System Reorganization 
            Amendments of 1977 was serving as the chairman or ranking 
            minority member of the Committee on the District of Columbia 
            or the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service may serve 
            on the Committee on Governmental Affairs in addition to 
            serving on two other standing committees listed in paragraph 
            2. At the request of any such Senator, he shall be appointed 
            to serve on such committee but, while serving on such 
            committee and two other standing committees listed in 
            paragraph 2, he may not serve on any committee listed in 
            paragraph 3 (a) or (b) other than the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration. The preceding provisions of this 
            subparagraph shall apply with respect to any Senator only so 
            long as his service as a member of the Committee on 
            Governmental Affairs is continuous after the date on which 
            the appointment of the majority and minority members of the 
            Committee on Governmental Affairs is initially completed.
     25.4h                *     *     *     *     *     *     * \16\
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                \16\ As amended, S. Res. 12, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981; 
            Subpara. (h), omitted here, pertains to committee service of 
            Senators during the 103rd Congress. Provisions for the 104th 
            Congress were established by S. Res. 13 and 17, Jan. 4, 
            1995, and S. Res. 27 and 29, Jan. 5, 1995. In subsequent 
            Congresses, committee assignments made notwithstanding Rule 
            XXV.

        26                            RULE XXVI

                                 COMMITTEE PROCEDURE

       26.1      1.\17\ Each standing committee, including any 
            subcommittee of any such committee, is authorized to hold 
            such hearings, to sit and act at such times and places 
            during the sessions, recesses, and adjourned periods of the 
            Senate, to require by subpena or otherwise the attendance of 
            such witnesses and the production of such correspondence, 
            books, papers, and documents, to take such testimony and to 
            make such expenditures out of the contingent fund of the 
            Senate as may be authorized by resolutions of the Senate. 
            Each such committee may make investigations into any matter 
            within its jurisdiction, may report such hearings as may be 
            had by it, and may employ stenographic assistance at a cost 
            not exceeding the amount prescribed by the Committee on 
            Rules and Administration.\18\ The expenses of the committee 
            shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate upon 
            vouchers approved by the chairman.
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                \17\As amended, S. Res. 281, 96-2, Mar. 11, 1980, 
            effective Feb. 28, 1981.
                \18\Pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 68c (See Senate Manual 
            Sec. 273), the Committee on Rules and Administration issues 
            ``Regulations Governing Rates Payable to Commercial 
            Reporting Firms for Reporting Committee Hearings in the 
            Senate.'' Copies of the regulations currently in effect may 
            be obtained from the Committee.
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       26.2      2.\19\ Each committee\20\ shall adopt rules (not 
            inconsistent with the Rules of the Senate) governing the 
            procedure of such committee. The rules of each committee 
            shall be published in the Congressional Record not later 
            than March 1 of the first year of each Congress, except that 
            if any such committee is established on or after February 1 
            of a year, the rules of that committee during the year of 
            establishment shall be published in the Congressional Record 
            not later than sixty days after such establishment. Any 
            amendment to the rules of a committee shall not take effect 
            until the amendment is published in the Congressional 
            Record.
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                \19\ As amended, S. Res. 250, 101-2, Mar. 1, 1990.
                \20\The term ``each committee'' when used in these rules 
            includes standing, select, and special committees unless 
            otherwise specified.
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       26.3      3. Each standing committee (except the Committee on 
            Appropriations) shall fix regular weekly, biweekly, or 
            monthly meeting days for the transaction of business before 
            the committee and additional meetings may be called by the 
            chairman as he may deem necessary. If at least three members 
            of any such committee desire that a special meeting of the 
            committee be called by the chairman, those members may file 
            in the offices of the committee their written request to the 
            chairman for that special meeting. Immediately upon the 
            filing of the request, the clerk of the committee shall 
            notify the chairman of the filing of the request. If, within 
            three calendar days after the filing of the request, the 
            chairman does not call the requested special meeting, to be 
            held within seven calendar days after the filing of the 
            request, a majority of the members of the committee may file 
            in the offices of the committee their written notice that a 
            special meeting of the committee will be held, specifying 
            the date and hour of that special meeting. The committee 
            shall meet on that date and hour. Immediately upon the 
            filing of the notice, the clerk of the committee shall 
            notify all members of the committee that such special 
            meeting will be held and inform them of its date and hour. 
            If the chairman of any such committee is not present at any 
            regular, additional, or special meeting of the committee, 
            the ranking member of the majority party on the committee 
            who is present shall preside at that meeting.
     26.4a      4. (a) Each committee (except the Committee on 
            Appropriations and the Committee on the Budget) shall make 
            public announcement of the date, place, and subject matter 
            of any hearing to be conducted by the committee on any 
            measure or matter at least one week before the commencement 
            of that hearing unless the committee determines that there 
            is good cause to begin such hearing at an earlier date.
     26.4b      (b) Each committee (except the Committee on 
            Appropriations) shall require each witness who is to appear 
            before the committee in any hearing to file with the clerk 
            of the committee, at least one day before the date of the 
            appearance of that witness, a written statement of his 
            proposed testimony unless the committee chairman and the 
            ranking minority member determine that there is good cause 
            for noncompliance. If so requested by any committee, the 
            staff of the committee shall prepare for the use of the 
            members of the committee before each day of hearing before 
            the committee a digest of the statements which have been so 
            filed by witnesses who are to appear before the committee on 
            that day.
     26.4c      (c) After the conclusion of each day of hearing, if so 
            requested by any committee, the staff shall prepare for the 
            use of the members of the committee a summary of the 
            testimony given before the committee on that day. After 
            approval by the chairman and the ranking minority member of 
            the committee, each such summary may be printed as a part of 
            the committee hearings if such hearings are ordered by the 
            committee to be printed.
     26.4d      (d) Whenever any hearing is conducted by a committee 
            (except the Committee on Appropriations) upon any measure or 
            matter, the minority on the committee shall be entitled, 
            upon request made by a majority of the minority members to 
            the chairman before the completion of such hearing, to call 
            witnesses selected by the minority to testify with respect 
            to the measure or matter during at least one day of hearing 
            thereon.
     26.5a      5. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of the rules, 
            when the Senate is in session, no committee of the Senate or 
            any subcommittee thereof may meet, without special leave, 
            after the conclusion of the first two hours after the 
            meeting of the Senate commenced and in no case after two 
            o'clock postmeridian unless consent therefor has been 
            obtained from the majority leader and the minority leader 
            (or in the event of the absence of either of such leaders, 
            from his designee). The prohibition contained in the 
            preceding sentence shall not apply to the Committee on 
            Appropriations or the Committee on the Budget. The majority 
            leader or his designee shall announce to the Senate whenever 
            consent has been given under this subparagraph and shall 
            state the time and place of such meeting. The right to make 
            such announcement of consent shall have the same priority as 
            the filing of a cloture motion.
     26.5b      (b) Each meeting of a committee, or any subcommittee 
            thereof, including meetings to conduct hearings, shall be 
            open to the public, except that a meeting or series of 
            meetings by a committee or a subcommittee thereof on the 
            same subject for a period of no more than fourteen calendar 
            days may be closed to the public on a motion made and 
            seconded to go into closed session to discuss only whether 
            the matters enumerated in clauses (1) through (6) would 
            require the meeting to be closed, followed immediately by a 
            record vote in open session by a majority of the members of 
            the committee or subcommittee when it is determined that the 
            matters to be discussed or the testimony to be taken at such 
            meeting or meetings--
                        (1) will disclose matters necessary to be kept 
                    secret in the interests of national defense or the 
                    confidential conduct of the foreign relations of the 
                    United States;
                        (2) will relate solely to matters of committee 
                    staff personnel or internal staff management or 
                    procedure;
                        (3) will tend to charge an individual with crime 
                    or misconduct, to disgrace or injure the 
                    professional standing of an individual, or otherwise 
                    to expose an individual to public contempt or 
                    obloquy, or will represent a clearly unwarranted 
                    invasion of the privacy of an individual;
                        (4) will disclose the identity of any informer 
                    or law enforcement agent or will disclose any 
                    information relating to the investigation or 
                    prosecution of a criminal offense that is required 
                    to be kept secret in the interests of effective law 
                    enforcement;
                        (5) will disclose information relating to the 
                    trade secrets of financial or commercial information 
                    pertaining specifically to a given person if--
                                (A) an Act of Congress requires the 
                            information to be kept confidential by 
                            Government officers and employees; or
                                (B) the information has been obtained by 
                            the Government on a confidential basis, 
                            other than through an application by such 
                            person for a specific Government financial 
                            or other benefit, and is required to be kept 
                            secret in order to prevent undue injury to 
                            the competitive position of such person; or
                        (6) may divulge matters required to be kept 
                    confidential under other provisions of law or 
                    Government regulations.

     26.5c      (c) Whenever any hearing conducted by any such committee 
            or subcommittee is open to the public, that hearing may be 
            broadcast by radio or television, or both, under such rules 
            as the committee or subcommittee may adopt.
     26.5d      (d) Whenever disorder arises during a committee meeting 
            that is open to the public, or any demonstration of approval 
            or disapproval is indulged in by any person in attendance at 
            any such meeting, it shall be the duty of the Chair to 
            enforce order on his own initiative and without any point of 
            order being made by a Senator. When the Chair finds it 
            necessary to maintain order, he shall have the power to 
            clear the room, and the committee may act in closed session 
            for so long as there is doubt of the assurance of order.
     26.5e      (e) Each committee shall prepare and keep a complete 
            transcript or electronic recording adequate to fully record 
            the proceeding of each meeting or conference whether or not 
            such meeting or any part thereof is closed under this 
            paragraph, unless a majority of its members vote to forgo 
            such a record.
       26.6      6. Morning meetings of committees and subcommittees 
            thereof shall be scheduled for one or both of the periods 
            prescribed in this paragraph. The first period shall end at 
            eleven o'clock antemeridian. The second period shall begin 
            at eleven o'clock antemeridian and end at two o'clock 
            postmeridian.
     26.7a      7. (a) (1) Except as provided in this paragraph, each 
            committee, and each subcommittee thereof is authorized to 
            fix the number of its members (but not less than one-third 
            of its entire membership) who shall constitute a quorum 
            thereof for the transaction of such business as may be 
            considered by said committee, except that no measure or 
            matter or recommendation shall be reported from any 
            committee unless a majority of the committee were physically 
            present.
                (2) Each such committee, or subcommittee, is authorized 
            to fix a lesser number than one-third of its entire 
            membership who shall constitute a quorum thereof for the 
            purpose of taking sworn testimony.
                (3) The vote of any committee to report a measure or 
            matter shall require the concurrence of a majority of the 
            members of the committee who are present. No vote of any 
            member of any committee to report a measure or matter may be 
            cast by proxy if rules adopted by such committee forbid the 
            casting of votes for that purpose by proxy; however, proxies 
            may not be voted when the absent committee member has not 
            been informed of the matter on which he is being recorded 
            and has not affirmatively requested that he be so recorded. 
            Action by any committee in reporting any measure or matter 
            in accordance with the requirements of this subparagraph 
            shall constitute the ratification by the committee of all 
            action theretofore taken by the committee with respect to 
            that measure or matter, including votes taken upon the 
            measure or matter or any amendment thereto, and no point of 
            order shall lie with respect to that measure or matter on 
            the ground that such previous action with respect thereto by 
            such committee was not taken in compliance with such 
            requirements.
     26.7b      (b) Each committee (except the Committee on 
            Appropriations) shall keep a complete record of all 
            committee action. Such record shall include a record of the 
            votes on any question on which a record vote is demanded. 
            The results of rollcall votes taken in any meeting of any 
            committee upon any measure, or any amendment thereto, shall 
            be announced in the committee report on that measure unless 
            previously announced by the committee, and such announcement 
            shall include a tabulation of the votes cast in favor of and 
            the votes cast in opposition to each such measure and 
            amendment by each member of the committee who was present at 
            that meeting.
     26.7c      (c) Whenever any committee by rollcall vote reports any 
            measure or matter, the report of the committee upon such 
            measure or matter shall include a tabulation of the votes 
            cast by each member of the committee in favor of and in 
            opposition to such measure or matter. Nothing contained in 
            this subparagraph shall abrogate the power of any committee 
            to adopt rules--
                        (1) providing for proxy voting on all matters 
                    other than the reporting of a measure or matter, or
                        (2) providing in accordance with subparagraph 
                    (a) for a lesser number as a quorum for any action 
                    other than the reporting of a measure or matter.

     26.8a      8. (a) In order to assist the Senate in--
                        (1) its analysis, appraisal, and evaluation of 
                    the application, administration, and execution of 
                    the laws enacted by the Congress, and
                        (2) its formulation, consideration, and 
                    enactment of such modifications of or changes in 
                    those laws, and of such additional legislation, as 
                    may be necessary or appropriate,

            each standing committee (except the Committees on 
            Appropriations and the Budget), shall review and study, on a 
            continuing basis the application, administration, and 
            execution of those laws, or parts of laws, the subject 
            matter of which is within the legislative jurisdiction of 
            that committee. Such committees may carry out the required 
            analysis, appraisal, and evaluation themselves, or by 
            contract, or may require a Government agency to do so and 
            furnish a report thereon to the Senate. Such committees may 
            rely on such techniques as pilot testing, analysis of costs 
            in comparison with benefits, or provision for evaluation 
            after a defined period of time.

     26.8b      (b) In each odd-numbered year, each such committee shall 
            submit, not later than March 31, to the Senate, a report on 
            the activities of that committee under this paragraph during 
            the Congress ending at noon on January 3 of such year.
     26.9a      9.\21\ (a) Except as provided in subparagraph (b), each 
            committee shall report one authorization resolution each 
            year authorizing the committee to make expenditures out of 
            the contingent fund of the Senate to defray its expenses, 
            including the compensation of members of its staff and 
            agency contributions related to such compensation, during 
            the period beginning on March 1 of such year and ending on 
            the last day of February of the following year. Such annual 
            authorization resolution shall be reported not later than 
            January 31 of each year, except that, whenever the 
            designation of members of standing committees of the Senate 
            occurs during the first session of a Congress at a date 
            later than January 20, such resolution may be reported at 
            any time within thirty days after the date on which the 
            designation of such members is completed. After the annual 
            authorization resolution of a committee for a year has been 
            agreed to, such committee may procure authorization to make 
            additional expenditures out of the contingent fund of the 
            Senate during that year only by reporting a supplemental 
            authorization resolution. Each supplemental authorization 
            resolution reported by a committee shall amend the annual 
            authorization resolution of such committee for that year and 
            shall be accompanied by a report specifying with 
            particularity the purpose for which such authorization is 
            sought and the reason why such authorization could not have 
            been sought at the time of the submission by such committee 
            of its annual authorization resolution for that year.
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                \21\As amended, S. Res. 281, 96-2, Mar. 11, 1980, 
            effective Jan. 1, 1981; S. Res. 479, 100-2, Sept. 30, 1988.
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     26.9b      (b) In lieu of the procedure provided in subparagraph 
            (a), the Committee on Rules and Administration may--
                        (1) direct each committee to report an 
                    authorization resolution for a two year budget 
                    period beginning on March 1 of the first session of 
                    a Congress; and
                        (2) report one authorization resolution 
                    containing more than one committee authorization for 
                    a one year or two year budget period.

     26.10a      10. (a) All committee hearings, records, data, charts, 
            and files shall be kept separate and distinct from the 
            congressional office records of the Member serving as 
            chairman of the committee; and such records shall be the 
            property of the Senate and all members of the committee and 
            the Senate shall have access to such records. Each committee 
            is authorized to have printed and bound such testimony and 
            other data presented at hearings held by the committee.
     26.10b      (b) It shall be the duty of the chairman of each 
            committee to report or cause to be reported promptly to the 
            Senate any measure approved by his committee and to take or 
            cause to be taken necessary steps to bring the matter to a 
            vote. In any event, the report of any committee upon a 
            measure which has been approved by the committee shall be 
            filed within seven calendar days (exclusive of days on which 
            the Senate is not in session) after the day on which there 
            has been filed with the clerk of the committee a written and 
            signed request of a majority of the committee for the 
            reporting of that measure. Upon the filing of any such 
            request, the clerk of the committee shall transmit 
            immediately to the chairman of the committee notice of the 
            filing of that request. This subparagraph does not apply to 
            the Committee on Appropriations.
     26.10c      (c) If at the time of approval of a measure or matter by 
            any committee (except for the Committee on Appropriations), 
            any member of the committee gives notice of intention to 
            file supplemental, minority, or additional views, that 
            member shall be entitled to not less than three calendar 
            days in which to file such views, in writing, with the clerk 
            of the committee. All such views so filed by one or more 
            members of the committee shall be included within, and shall 
            be a part of, the report filed by the committee with respect 
            to that measure or matter. The report of the committee upon 
            that measure or matter shall be printed in a single volume 
            which--
                        (1) shall include all supplemental, minority, or 
                    additional views which have been submitted by the 
                    time of the filing of the report, and
                        (2) shall bear upon its cover a recital that 
                    supplemental, minority, or additional views are 
                    included as part of the report.

                This subparagraph does not preclude--
                        (A) the immediate filing and printing of a 
                    committee report unless timely request for the 
                    opportunity to file supplemental, minority, or 
                    additional views has been made as provided by this 
                    subparagraph; or
                        (B) the filing by any such committee of any 
                    supplemental report upon any measure or matter which 
                    may be required for the correction of any technical 
                    error in a previous report made by that committee 
                    upon that measure or matter.

     26.11a      11. (a) The report accompanying each bill or joint 
            resolution of a public character reported by any committee 
            (except the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on 
            the Budget) shall contain--
                        (1) an estimate, made by such committee, of the 
                    costs which would be incurred in carrying out such 
                    bill or joint resolution in the fiscal year in which 
                    it is reported and in each of the five fiscal years 
                    following such fiscal year (or for the authorized 
                    duration of any program authorized by such bill or 
                    joint resolution, if less than five years), except 
                    that, in the case of measures affecting the 
                    revenues, such reports shall require only an 
                    estimate of the gain or loss in revenues for a one-
                    year period; and
                        (2) a comparison of the estimate of costs 
                    described in subparagraph (1) made by such committee 
                    with any estimate of costs made by any Federal 
                    agency; or
                        (3) in lieu of such estimate or comparison, or 
                    both, a statement of the reasons why compliance by 
                    the committee with the requirements of subparagraph 
                    (1) or (2), or both, is impracticable.
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                Note.--Each report accompanying any bill or joint 
            resolution relating to terms and conditions of employment or 
            access to public services or accommodations reported by a 
            committee of the House of Representatives or the Senate 
            shall describe the manner in which the provisions of the 
            bill or joint resolution apply to the legislative branch; or 
            in the case of a provision not applicable to the legislative 
            branch, include a statement of the reasons the provision 
            does not apply. 
            (Pub. L. 104-1, title I, Sec. 102, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 
            5.) See Senate Manual Sec. 399.70-2.
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     26.11b      (b) Each such report (except those by the Committee on 
            Appropriations) shall also contain--
                        (1) an evaluation, made by such committee, of 
                    the regulatory impact which would be incurred in 
                    carrying out the bill or joint resolution. The 
                    evaluation shall include (A) an estimate of the 
                    numbers of individuals and businesses who would be 
                    regulated and a determination of the groups and 
                    classes of such individuals and businesses, (B) a 
                    determination of the economic impact of such 
                    regulation on the individuals, consumers, and 
                    businesses affected, (C) a determination of the 
                    impact on the personal privacy of the individuals 
                    affected, and (D) a determination of the amount of 
                    additional paperwork that will result from the 
                    regulations to be promulgated pursuant to the bill 
                    or joint resolution, which determination may 
                    include, but need not be limited to, estimates of 
                    the amount of time and financial costs required of 
                    affected parties, showing whether the effects of the 
                    bill or joint resolution could be substantial, as 
                    well as reasonable estimates of the recordkeeping 
                    requirements that may be associated with the bill or 
                    joint resolution; or
                        (2) in lieu of such evaluation, a statement of 
                    the reasons why compliance by the committee with the 
                    requirements of clause (1) is impracticable.

     26.11c      (c) It shall not be in order for the Senate to consider 
            any such bill or joint resolution if the report of the 
            committee on such bill or joint resolution does not comply 
            with the provisions of subparagraphs (a) and (b) on the 
            objection of any Senator.
     26.12      12. Whenever a committee reports a bill or a joint 
            resolution repealing or amending any statute or part thereof 
            it shall make a report thereon and shall include in such 
            report or in an accompanying document (to be prepared by the 
            staff of such committee) (a) the text of the statute or part 
            thereof which is proposed to be repealed; and (b) a 
            comparative print of that part of the bill or joint 
            resolution making the amendment and of the statute or part 
            thereof proposed to be amended, showing by stricken-through 
            type and italics, parallel columns, or other appropriate 
            typographical devices the omissions and insertions which 
            would be made by the bill or joint resolution if enacted in 
            the form recommended by the committee. This paragraph shall 
            not apply to any such report in which it is stated that, in 
            the opinion of the committee, it is necessary to dispense 
            with the requirements of this subsection to expedite the 
            business of the Senate.
     26.13a      13. (a) Each committee (except the Committee on 
            Appropriations) which has legislative jurisdiction shall, in 
            its consideration of all bills and joint resolutions of a 
            public character within its jurisdiction, endeavor to insure 
            that--
                        (1) all continuing programs of the Federal 
                    Government and of the government of the District of 
                    Columbia, within the jurisdiction of such committee 
                    or joint committee, are designed; and
                        (2) all continuing activities of Federal 
                    agencies, within the jurisdiction of such committee 
                    or joint committee, are carried on;
            so that, to the extent consistent with the nature, 
            requirements, and objectives of those programs and 
            activities, appropriations therefor will be made annually.

     26.13b      (b) Each committee (except the Committee on 
            Appropriations) shall with respect to any continuing program 
            within its jurisdiction for which appropriations are not 
            made annually, review such program, from time to time, in 
            order to ascertain whether such program could be modified so 
            that appropriations therefor would be made annually.

        27                           RULE XXVII

                                   COMMITTEE STAFF

       27.1      1.\22\ Staff members appointed to assist minority 
            members of committees pursuant to authority of a resolution 
            described in paragraph 9 of rule XXVI or other Senate 
            resolution shall be accorded equitable treatment with 
            respect to the fixing of salary rates, the assignment of 
            facilities, and the accessibility of committee records.
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                \22\As amended, S. Res. 281, 96-2, Mar. 11, 1980, 
            effective Feb. 28, 1981.

                Note.--Pursuant to S. Res. 281, paragraph 1 of rule 
            XXVII was repealed. Accordingly, subparagraphs (a), (b), 
            (c), and (d) of paragraph 2 were renumbered as paragraphs 1, 
            2, 3, and 4, respectively.
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       27.2      2. The minority shall receive fair consideration in the 
            appointment of staff personnel pursuant to authority of a 
            resolution described in paragraph 9 of rule XXVI.
       27.3      3. The staffs of committees (including personnel 
            appointed pursuant to authority of a resolution described in 
            paragraph 9 of rule XXVI or other Senate resolution) should 
            reflect the relative number of majority and minority members 
            of committees. A majority of the minority members of any 
            committee may, by resolution, request that at least one-
            third of all funds of the committee for personnel (other 
            than those funds determined by the chairman and ranking 
            minority member to be allocated for the administrative and 
            clerical functions of the committee as a whole) be allocated 
            to the minority members of such committee for compensation 
            of minority staff as the minority members may decide. The 
            committee shall thereafter adjust its budget to comply with 
            such resolution. Such adjustment shall be equitably made 
            over a four-year period, commencing July 1, 1977, with not 
            less than one-half being made in two years. Upon request by 
            a majority of the minority members of any committee by 
            resolution, proportionate space, equipment, and facilities 
            shall be provided for such minority staff.
       27.4      4. No committee shall appoint to its staff any experts 
            or other personnel detailed or assigned from any department 
            or agency of the Government, except with the written 
            permission of the Committee on Rules and Administration.
                                     RULE XXVIII

        28          CONFERENCE COMMITTEES; REPORTS; OPEN MEETINGS

       28.1      1.\23\ The presentation of reports of committees of 
            conference shall always be in order when available on each 
            Senator's desk except when the Journal is being read or a 
            question of order or a motion to adjourn is pending, or 
            while the Senate is voting or ascertaining the presence of a 
            quorum; and when received the question of proceeding to the 
            consideration of the report, if raised, shall be immediately 
            put, and shall be determined without debate.
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                \23\ As amended by S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

       28.2      2. Conferees shall not insert in their report matter not 
            committed to them by either House, nor shall they strike 
            from the bill matter agreed to by both Houses. If new matter 
            is inserted in the report, or if matter which was agreed to 
            by both Houses is stricken from the bill, a point of order 
            may be made against the report, and if the point of order is 
            sustained, the report is rejected or shall be recommitted to 
            the committee of conference if the House of Representatives 
            has not already acted thereon.
       28.3      3. (a) In any case in which a disagreement to an 
            amendment in the nature of a substitute has been referred to 
            conferees, it shall be in order for the conferees to report 
            a substitute on the same subject matter; but they may not 
            include in the report matter not committed to them by either 
            House. They may, however, include in their report in any 
            such case matter which is a germane modification of subjects 
            in disagreement.
                (b) In any case in which the conferees violate 
            subparagraph (a), the conference report shall be subject to 
            a point of order.
       28.4      4. Each report made by a committee of conference to the 
            Senate shall be printed as a report of the Senate. As so 
            printed, such report shall be accompanied by an explanatory 
            statement prepared jointly by the conferees on the part of 
            the House and the conferees on the part of the Senate. Such 
            statement shall be sufficiently detailed and explicit to 
            inform the Senate as to the effect which the amendments or 
            propositions contained in such report will have upon the 
            measure to which those amendments or propositions relate.
       28.5      5. If time for debate in the consideration of any report 
            of a committee of conference upon the floor of the Senate is 
            limited, the time allotted for debate shall be equally 
            divided between the majority party and the minority party.
       28.6      6. Each conference committee between the Senate and the 
            House of Representatives shall be open to the public except 
            when managers of either the Senate or the House of 
            Representatives in open session determine by a rollcall vote 
            of a majority of those managers persent, that all or part of 
            the remainder of the meeting on the day of the vote shall be 
            closed to the public.

        29                            RULE XXIX

                                 EXECUTIVE SESSIONS

       29.1      1. When the President of the United States shall meet 
            the Senate in the Senate Chamber for the consideration of 
            Executive business, he shall have a seat on the right of the 
            Presiding Officer. When the Senate shall be convened by the 
            President of the United States to any other place, the 
            Presiding Officer of the Senate and the Senators shall 
            attend at the place appointed, with the necessary officers 
            of the Senate.
       29.2      2. When acting upon confidential or Executive business, 
            unless the same shall be considered in open Executive 
            session, the Senate Chamber shall be cleared of all persons 
            except the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary, the Principal 
            Legislative Clerk, the Parliamentarian, the Executive Clerk, 
            the Minute and Journal Clerk, the Sergeant at Arms, the 
            Secretaries to the Majority and the Minority, and such other 
            officers as the Presiding Officer shall think necessary; and 
            all such officers shall be sworn to secrecy.
       29.3      3. All confidential communications made by the President 
            of the United States to the Senate shall be by the Senators 
            and the officers of the Senate kept secret; and all treaties 
            which may be laid before the Senate, and all remarks, votes, 
            and proceedings thereon shall also be kept secret, until the 
            Senate shall, by their resolution, take off the injunction 
            of secrecy.
       29.4      4. Whenever the injunction of secrecy shall be removed 
            from any part of the proceedings of the Senate in closed 
            Executive or legislative session, the order of the Senate 
            removing the same shall be entered in the Legislative 
            Journal as well as in the Executive Journal, and shall be 
            published in the Congressional Record under the direction of 
            the Secretary of the Senate.
       29.5      5.\24\ Any Senator, officer or employee of the Senate 
            who shall disclose the secret or confidential business or 
            proceedings of the Senate, including the business and 
            proceedings of the committees, subcommittees and offices of 
            the Senate shall be liable, if a Senator, to suffer 
            expulsion from the body; and if an officer or employee, to 
            dismissal from the service of the Senate, and to punishment 
            for contempt.
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                \24\ As amended by S. Res. 363, 102-2, Oct. 8, 1992.
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       29.6      6. Whenever, by the request of the Senate or any 
            committee thereof, any documents or papers shall be 
            communicated to the Senate by the President or the head of 
            any department relating to any matter pending in the Senate, 
            the proceedings in regard to which are secret or 
            confidential under the rules, said documents and papers 
            shall be considered as confidential, and shall not be 
            disclosed without leave of the Senate.

        30                            RULE XXX

                     EXECUTIVE SESSION--PROCEEDINGS ON TREATIES

     30.1a      1. (a) When a treaty shall be laid before the Senate for 
            ratification, it shall be read a first time; and no motion 
            in respect to it shall be in order, except to refer it to a 
            committee, to print it in confidence for the use of the 
            Senate, or to remove the injunction of secrecy.
     30.1b      (b)\25\ When a treaty is reported from a committee with 
            or without amendment, it shall, unless the Senate 
            unanimously otherwise directs, lie over one day for 
            consideration; after which it may be read a second time, 
            after which amendments may be proposed. At any stage of such 
            proceedings the Senate may remove the injunction of secrecy 
            from the treaty.
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                \25\ As amended by S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986.
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     30.1c      (c) The decisions thus made shall be reduced to the form 
            of a resolution of ratification, with or without amendments, 
            as the case may be, which shall be proposed on a subsequent 
            day, unless, by unanimous consent, the Senate determine 
            otherwise, at which stage no amendment to the treaty shall 
            be received unless by unanimous consent; but the resolution 
            of ratification when pending shall be open to amendment in 
            the form of reservations, declarations, statements, or 
            understandings.
     30.1d      (d) On the final question to advise and consent to the 
            ratification in the form agreed to, the concurrence of two-
            thirds of the Senators present shall be necessary to 
            determine it in the affirmative; but all other motions and 
            questions upon a treaty shall be decided by a majority vote, 
            except a motion to postpone indefinitely, which shall be 
            decided by a vote of two-thirds.
       30.2      2. Treaties transmitted by the President to the Senate 
            for ratification shall be resumed at the second or any 
            subsequent session of the same Congress at the stage in 
            which they were left at the final adjournment of the session 
            at which they were transmitted; but all proceedings on 
            treaties shall terminate with the Congress, and they shall 
            be resumed at the commencement of the next Congress as if no 
            proceedings had previously been had thereon.

        31                            RULE XXXI

                    EXECUTIVE SESSION--PROCEEDINGS ON NOMINATIONS

       31.1      1. When nominations shall be made by the President of 
            the United States to the Senate, they shall, unless 
            otherwise ordered, be referred to appropriate committees; 
            and the final question on every nomination shall be, ``Will 
            the Senate advise and consent to this nomination?'' which 
            question shall not be put on the same day on which the 
            nomination is received, nor on the day on which it may be 
            reported by a committee, unless by unanimous consent.
       31.2      2. All business in the Senate shall be transacted in 
            open session, unless the Senate as provided in rule XXI by a 
            majority vote shall determine that a particular nomination, 
            treaty, or other matter shall be considered in closed 
            executive session, in which case all subsequent proceedings 
            with respect to said nomination, treaty, or other matter 
            shall be kept secret: Provided, That the injunction of 
            secrecy as to the whole or any part of proceedings in closed 
            executive session may be removed on motion adopted by a 
            majority vote of the Senate in closed executive session: 
            Provided further, That any Senator may make public his vote 
            in closed executive session.
       31.3      3. When a nomination is confirmed or rejected, any 
            Senator voting in the majority may move for a 
            reconsideration on the same day on which the vote was taken, 
            or on either of the next two days of actual executive 
            session of the Senate; but if a notification of the 
            confirmation or rejection of a nomination shall have been 
            sent to the President before the expiration of the time 
            within which a motion to reconsider may be made, the motion 
            to reconsider shall be accompanied by a motion to request 
            the President to return such notification to the Senate. Any 
            motion to reconsider the vote on a nomination may be laid on 
            the table without prejudice to the nomination, and shall be 
            a final disposition of such motion.
       31.4      4. Nominations confirmed or rejected by the Senate shall 
            not be returned by the Secretary to the President until the 
            expiration of the time limited for making a motion to 
            reconsider the same, or while a motion to reconsider is 
            pending unless otherwise ordered by the Senate.
       31.5      5. When the Senate shall adjourn or take a recess for 
            more than thirty days, all motions to reconsider a vote upon 
            a nomination which has been confirmed or rejected by the 
            Senate, which shall be pending at the time of taking such 
            adjournment or recess, shall fall; and the Secretary shall 
            return all such nominations to the President as confirmed or 
            rejected by the Senate, as the case may be.
       31.6      6. Nominations neither confirmed nor rejected during the 
            session at which they are made shall not be acted upon at 
            any succeeding session without being again made to the 
            Senate by the President; and if the Senate shall adjourn or 
            take a recess for more than thirty days, all nominations 
            pending and not finally acted upon at the time of taking 
            such adjournment or recess shall be returned by the 
            Secretary to the President, and shall not again be 
            considered unless they shall again be made to the Senate by 
            the President.
     31.7a      7. (a) The Official Reporters shall be furnished with a 
            list of nominations to office after the proceedings of the 
            day on which they are received, and a like list of all 
            confirmations and rejections.
     31.7b      (b) All nominations to office shall be prepared for the 
            printer by the Official Reporter, and printed in the 
            Congressional Record, after the proceedings of the day in 
            which they are received, also nominations recalled, and 
            confirmed.
     31.7c      (c) The Secretary shall furnish to the press, and to the 
            public upon request, the names of nominees confirmed or 
            rejected on the day on which a final vote shall be had, 
            except when otherwise ordered by the Senate.

        32                           RULE XXXII

            THE PRESIDENT FURNISHED WITH COPIES OF RECORDS OF EXECUTIVE 
                                      SESSIONS

                The President of the United States shall, from time to 
            time, be furnished with an authenticated transcript of the 
            public executive records of the Senate, but no further 
            extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished by the 
            Secretary, except by special order of the Senate; and no 
            paper, except original treaties transmitted to the Senate by 
            the President of the United States, and finally acted upon 
            by the Senate, shall be delivered from the office of the 
            Secretary without an order of the Senate for that purpose.

        33                           RULE XXXIII

                     SENATE CHAMBER--SENATE WING OF THE CAPITOL

       33.1      1. The Senate Chamber shall not be granted for any other 
            purpose than for the use of the Senate; no smoking shall be 
            permitted at any time on the floor of the Senate, or lighted 
            cigars, cigarettes, or pipes be brought into the Chamber.
       33.2      2. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration to make all rules and regulations respecting 
            such parts of the Capitol, its passages and galleries, 
            including the restaurant and the Senate Office Buildings, as 
            are or may be set apart for the use of the Senate and its 
            officers, to be enforced under the direction of the 
            Presiding Officer. The Committee shall make such regulations 
            respecting the reporters' galleries of the Senate, together 
            with the adjoining rooms and facilities, as will confine 
            their occupancy and use to bona fide reporters of newspapers 
            and periodicals, and of news or press associations for daily 
            news dissemination through radio, television, wires, and 
            cables, and similar media of transmission. These regulations 
            shall so provide for the use of such space and facilities as 
            fairly to distribute their use to all such media of news 
            dissemination.

        34                           RULE XXXIV

       34.1                   PUBLIC FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

                1. For purposes of this rule, the provisions of title I 
            of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 shall be deemed to 
            be a rule of the Senate as it pertains to Members, officers, 
            and employees of the Senate.
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                Note.--Financial disclosure requirements contained in 
            the Ethics in Government Act as amended are codified at 5 
            U.S.C. App. 6. See Senate Manual Sec. 439.
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       34.2      2. (a) \26\ The Select Committee on Ethics shall 
            transmit a copy of each report filed with it under title I 
            of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (other than a report 
            filed by a Member of Congress) to the head of the employing 
            office of the individual filing the report.
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                \26\ Paragraph 2 added pursuant to S. Res. 236, 101-2, 
            Jan. 30, 1990.
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                (b) For purposes of this rule, the head of the employing 
            office shall be--
                        (1) in the case of an employee of a Member, the 
                    Member by whom that person is employed;
                        (2) in the case of an employee of a Committee, 
                    the chairman and ranking minority member of such 
                    Committee;
                        (3) in the case of an employee on the leadership 
                    staff, the Member of the leadership on whose staff 
                    such person serves; and
                        (4) in the case of any other employee of the 
                    legislative branch, the head of the office in which 
                    such individual serves.

       34.3      3.\27\ In addition to the requirements of paragraph 1, 
            Members, officers, and employees of the Senate shall include 
            in each report filed under paragraph 1 \28\ the following 
            additional information:
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                \27\ Paragraphs 3 and 4 added pursuant to S. Res. 158, 
            104-1, July 28, 1995, effective Jan. 1, 1996, as amended by 
            S. Res. 198, 104-1, Dec. 7, 1995.
                \28\ Renumbered pursuant to S. Res. 198, 104-1, Dec. 7, 
            1995.
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                        (a) For purposes of section 102(a)(1)(B) of the 
                    Ethics in Government Act of 1978 additional 
                    categories of income as follows:
                                (1) greater than $1,000,000 but not more 
                            than $5,000,000, or
                                (2) greater than $5,000,000.
                        (b) For purposes of section 102(d)(1) of the 
                    Ethics in Government Act of 1978 additional 
                    categories of value \29\ as follows:
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                \29\ The word ``value'' replaced the word ``income'' 
            pursuant to S. Res. 198, 104-1, Dec. 7, 1995.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                (1) greater than $1,000,000 but not more 
                            than $5,000,000;
                                (2) greater than $5,000,000 but not more 
                            than $25,000,000;
                                (3) greater than $25,000,000 but not 
                            more than $50,000,000; and
                                (4) greater than $50,000,000.
                        (c) For purposes of this paragraph and section 
                    102 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, 
                    additional categories with amounts or values greater 
                    than $1,000,000 set forth in section 102(a)(1)(B) 
                    and 102(d)(1) shall apply to the income, assets, or 
                    liabilities of spouses and dependent children only 
                    if the income, assets, or liabilities are held 
                    jointly with the reporting individual. All other 
                    income, assets, or liabilities of the spouse or 
                    dependent children required to be reported under 
                    section 102 and this paragraph in an amount of value 
                    greater than $1,000,000 shall be categorized only as 
                    an amount or value greater than $1,000,000.

       34.4      4.\30\ In addition to the requirements of paragraph 1, 
            Members, officers, and employees of the Senate shall include 
            in each report filed under paragraph 1 \31\ an additional 
            statement under section 102(a) of the Ethics in Government 
            Act of 1978 listing the category of the total cash value of 
            any interest of the reporting individual in a qualified 
            blind trust as provided in section 102(d)(1) of the Ethics 
            in Government Act of 1978, unless the trust instrument was 
            executed prior to July 24, 1995 and precludes the 
            beneficiary from receiving information on the total cash 
            value of any interest in the qualified blind trust.
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                \30\ Effective with respect to reports filed under title 
            I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 for calendar year 
            1996 and thereafter.
                \31\ Renumbered pursuant to S. Res. 198, 104-1, Dec. 7, 
            1995.

        35                            RULE XXXV

                                     GIFTS \32\
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                \32\ Amended pursuant to S. Res. 158, 104-1, July 28, 
            1995, effective Jan. 1, 1996. See also 2 U.S.C. 31-2, Senate 
            Manual Sec. 220.1.
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     35.1a      1. (a)(1) No Member, officer, or employee of the Senate 
            shall knowingly accept a gift except as provided in this 
            rule.
                (2) A Member, officer, or employee may accept a gift 
            (other than cash or cash equivalent) which the Member, 
            officer, or employee reasonably and in good faith believes 
            to have a value of less than $50, and a cumulative value 
            from one source during a calendar year of less than $100. No 
            gift with a value below $10 shall count toward the $100 
            annual limit. No formal recordkeeping is required by this 
            paragraph, but a Member, officer, or employee shall make a 
            good faith effort to comply with this paragraph.
     35.1b      (b)(1) For the purpose of this rule, the term ``gift'' 
            means any gratuity, favor, discount, entertainment, 
            hospitality, loan, forbearance, or other item having 
            monetary value. The term includes gifts of services, 
            training, transportation, lodging, and meals, whether 
            provided in kind, by purchase of a ticket, payment in 
            advance, or reimbursement after the expense has been 
            incurred.
                (2)(A) A gift to a family member of a Member, officer, 
            or employee, or a gift to any other individual based on that 
            individual's relationship with the Member, officer, or 
            employee, shall be considered a gift to the Member, officer, 
            or employee if it is given with the knowledge and 
            acquiescence of the Member, officer, or employee and the 
            Member, officer, or employee has reason to believe the gift 
            was given because of the official position of the Member, 
            officer, or employee.
                (B) If food or refreshment is provided at the same time 
            and place to both a Member, officer, or employee and the 
            spouse or dependent thereof, only the food or refreshment 
            provided to the Member, officer, or employee shall be 
            treated as a gift for purposes of this rule.
     35.1c      (c) The restrictions in subparagraph (a) shall not apply 
            to the following:
                        (1) Anything for which the Member, officer, or 
                    employee pays the market value, or does not use and 
                    promptly returns to the donor.
                        (2) A contribution, as defined in the Federal 
                    Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) 
                    that is lawfully made under that Act, or attendance 
                    at a fundraising event sponsored by a political 
                    organization described in section 527(e) of the 
                    Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
                        (3) A gift from a relative as described in 
                    section 109(16) of title I of the Ethics Reform Act 
                    of 1989 (5 U.S.C. App. 6).\33\
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                \33\ As amended, S. Res. 198, 104-1, Dec. 7, 1995. See 
            Senate Manual Sec. 439.9 for definitions.
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                        (4)(A) Anything, including personal 
                    hospitality,\34\ provided by an individual on the 
                    basis of a personal friendship unless the Member, 
                    officer, or employee has reason to believe that, 
                    under the circumstances, the gift was provided 
                    because of the official position of the Member, 
                    officer, or employee and not because of the personal 
                    friendship.
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                \34\ ``including personal hospitality'' inserted 
            pursuant to S. Res. 198, 104-1, Dec. 7, 1995.
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                        (B) In determining whether a gift is provided on 
                    the basis of personal friendship, the Member, 
                    officer, or employee shall consider the 
                    circumstances under which the gift was offered, such 
                    as:
                                (i) The history of the relationship 
                            between the individual giving the gift and 
                            the recipient of the gift, including any 
                            previous exchange of gifts between such 
                            individuals.
                                (ii) Whether to the actual knowledge of 
                            the Member, officer, or employee the 
                            individual who gave the gift personally paid 
                            for the gift or sought a tax deduction or 
                            business reimbursement for the gift.
                                (iii) Whether to the actual knowledge of 
                            the Member, officer, or employee the 
                            individual who gave the gift also at the 
                            same time gave the same or similar gifts to 
                            other Members, officers, or employees.
                        (5) A contribution or other payment to a legal 
                    expense fund established for the benefit of a 
                    Member, officer, or employee, that is otherwise 
                    lawfully made, subject to the disclosure 
                    requirements of the Select Committee on Ethics, 
                    except as provided in paragraph 3(c).
                        (6) Any gift from another Member, officer, or 
                    employee of the Senate or the House of 
                    Representatives.
                        (7) Food, refreshments, lodging, and other 
                    benefits--
                                (A) resulting from the outside business 
                            or employment activities (or other outside 
                            activities that are not connected to the 
                            duties of the Member, officer, or employee 
                            as an officeholder) of the Member, officer 
                            or employee, or the spouse of the Member, 
                            officer, or employee, if such benefits have 
                            not been offered or enhanced because of the 
                            official position of the Member, officer, or 
                            employee and are customarily provided to 
                            others in similar circumstances;
                                (B) customarily provided by a 
                            prospective employer in connection with bona 
                            fide employment discussions; or
                                (C) provided by a political organization 
                            described in section 527(e) of the Internal 
                            Revenue Code of 1986 in connection with a 
                            fundraising or campaign event sponsored by 
                            such an organization.
                        (8) Pension and other benefits resulting from 
                    continued participation in an employee welfare and 
                    benefits plan maintained by a former employer.
                        (9) Informational materials that are sent to the 
                    office of the Member, officer, or employee in the 
                    form of books, articles, periodicals, other written 
                    materials, audiotapes, videotapes, or other forms of 
                    communication.
                        (10) Awards or prizes which are given to 
                    competitors in contests or events open to the 
                    public, including random drawings.
                        (11) Honorary degrees (and associated travel, 
                    food, refreshments, and entertainment) and other 
                    bona fide, nonmonetary awards presented in 
                    recognition of public service (and associated food, 
                    refreshments, and entertainment provided in the 
                    presentation of such degrees and awards).
                        (12) Donations of products from the State that 
                    the Member represents that are intended primarily 
                    for promotional purposes, such as display or free 
                    distribution, and are of minimal value to any 
                    individual recipient.
                        (13) Training (including food and refreshments 
                    furnished to all attendees as an integral part of 
                    the training) provided to a Member, officer, or 
                    employee, if such training is in the interest of the 
                    Senate.
                        (14) Bequests, inheritances, and other transfers 
                    at death.
                        (15) Any item, the receipt of which is 
                    authorized by the Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act, 
                    the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act, or 
                    any other statute.
                        (16) Anything which is paid for by the Federal 
                    Government, by a State or local government, or 
                    secured by the Government under a Government 
                    contract.
                        (17) A gift of personal hospitality (as defined 
                    in section 109(14) of the Ethics in Government Act) 
                    \35\ of an individual other than a registered 
                    lobbyist or agent of a foreign principal.
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                \35\ See Senate Manual Sec. 439.9 for definitions.
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                        (18) Free attendance at a widely attended event 
                    permitted pursuant to subparagraph (d).
                        (19) Opportunities and benefits which are--
                                (A) available to the public or to a 
                            class consisting of all Federal employees, 
                            whether or not restricted on the basis of 
                            geographic consideration;
                                (B) offered to members of a group or 
                            class in which membership is unrelated to 
                            congressional employment;
                                (C) offered to members of an 
                            organization, such as an employees' 
                            association or congressional credit union, 
                            in which membership is related to 
                            congressional employment and similar 
                            opportunities are available to large 
                            segments of the public through organizations 
                            of similar size;
                                (D) offered to any group or class that 
                            is not defined in a manner that specifically 
                            discriminates among Government employees on 
                            the basis of branch of Government or type of 
                            responsibility, or on a basis that favors 
                            those of higher rank or rate of pay;
                                (E) in the form of loans from banks and 
                            other financial institutions on terms 
                            generally available to the public; or
                                (F) in the form of reduced membership or 
                            other fees for participation in organization 
                            activities offered to all Government 
                            employees by professional organizations if 
                            the only restrictions on membership relate 
                            to professional qualifications.
                        (20) A plaque, trophy, or other item that is 
                    substantially commemorative in nature and which is 
                    intended solely for presentation.
                        (21) Anything for which, in an unusual case, a 
                    waiver is granted by the Select Committee on Ethics.
                        (22) Food or refreshments of a nominal value 
                    offered other than as a part of a meal.
                        (23) An item of little intrinsic value such as a 
                    greeting card, baseball cap, or a T-shirt.

     35.1d      (d)(1) A Member, officer, or employee may accept an 
            offer of free attendance at a widely attended convention, 
            conference, symposium, forum, panel discussion, dinner, 
            viewing, reception, or similar event, provided by the 
            sponsor of the event, if--
                        (A) the Member, officer, or employee 
                    participates in the event as a speaker or a panel 
                    participant, by presenting information related to 
                    Congress or matters before Congress, or by 
                    performing a ceremonial function appropriate to the 
                    Member's, officer's, or employee's official 
                    position; or
                        (B) attendance at the event is appropriate to 
                    the performance of the official duties or 
                    representative function of the Member, officer, or 
                    employee.
                (2) A Member, officer, or employee who attends an event 
            described in clause (1) may accept a sponsor's unsolicited 
            offer of free attendance at the event for an accompanying 
            individual if others in attendance will generally be 
            similarly accompanied or if such attendance is appropriate 
            to assist in the representation of the Senate.
                (3) A Member, officer, or employee, or the spouse or 
            dependent thereof, may accept a sponsor's unsolicited offer 
            of free attendance at a charity event, except that 
            reimbursement for transportation and lodging may not be 
            accepted in connection with an event that does not meet the 
            standards provided in paragraph 2.
                (4) For purposes of this paragraph, the term ``free 
            attendance'' may include waiver of all or part of a 
            conference or other fee, the provision of local 
            transportation, or the provision of food, refreshments, 
            entertainment, and instructional materials furnished to all 
            attendees as an integral part of the event. The term does 
            not include entertainment collateral to the event, nor does 
            it include food or refreshments taken other than in a group 
            setting with all or substantially all other attendees.
     35.1e      (e) No Member, officer, or employee may accept a gift 
            the value of which exceeds $250 on the basis of the personal 
            friendship exception in subparagraph (c)(4) unless the 
            Select Committee on Ethics issues a written determination 
            that such exception applies. No determination under this 
            subparagraph is required for gifts given on the basis of the 
            family relationship exception.
     35.1f      (f) When it is not practicable to return a tangible item 
            because it is perishable, the item may, at the discretion of 
            the recipient, be given to an appropriate charity or 
            destroyed.
     35.2a      2. (a)(1) A reimbursement (including payment in kind) to 
            a Member, officer, or employee from an individual other than 
            a registered lobbyist or agent of a foreign principal for 
            necessary transportation, lodging and related expenses for 
            travel to a meeting, speaking engagement, factfinding trip 
            or similar event in connection with the duties of the 
            Member, officer, or employee as an officeholder shall be 
            deemed to be a reimbursement to the Senate and not a gift 
            prohibited by this rule, if the Member, officer, or 
            employee--
                        (A) in the case of an employee, receives advance 
                    authorization, from the Member or officer under 
                    whose direct supervision the employee works, to 
                    accept reimbursement, and
                        (B) discloses the expenses reimbursed or to be 
                    reimbursed and the authorization to the Secretary of 
                    the Senate within 30 days after the travel is 
                    completed.
                (2) For purposes of clause (1), events, the activities 
            of which are substantially recreational in nature, shall not 
            be considered to be in connection with duties of a Member, 
            officer, or employee as an officeholder.
     35.2b      (b) Each advance authorization to accept reimbursement 
            shall be signed by the Member or officer under whose direct 
            supervision the employee works and shall include--
                        (1) the name of the employee;
                        (2) the name of the person who will make the 
                    reimbursement;
                        (3) the time, place, and purpose of the travel; 
                    and
                        (4) a determination that the travel is in 
                    connection with the duties of the employee as an 
                    officeholder and would not create the appearance 
                    that the employee is using public office for private 
                    gain.

     35.2c      (c) Each disclosure made under subparagraph (a)(1) of 
            expenses reimbursed or to be reimbursed shall be signed by 
            the Member or officer (in the case of travel by that Member 
            or officer) or by the Member or officer under whose direct 
            supervision the employee works (in the case of travel by an 
            employee) and shall include--
                        (1) a good faith estimate of total 
                    transportation expenses reimbursed or to be 
                    reimbursed;
                        (2) a good faith estimate of total lodging 
                    expenses reimbursed or to be reimbursed;
                        (3) a good faith estimate of total meal expenses 
                    reimbursed or to be reimbursed;
                        (4) a good faith estimate of the total of other 
                    expenses reimbursed or to be reimbursed;
                        (5) a determination that all such expenses are 
                    necessary transportation, lodging, and related 
                    expenses as defined in this paragraph; and
                        (6) in the case of a reimbursement to a Member 
                    or officer, a determination that the travel was in 
                    connection with the duties of the Member or officer 
                    as an officeholder and would not create the 
                    appearance that the Member or officer is using 
                    public office for private gain.

     35.2d      (d) For the purposes of this paragraph, the term 
            `necessary transportation, lodging, and related expenses'--
                        (1) includes reasonable expenses that are 
                    necessary for travel for a period not exceeding 3 
                    days exclusive of travel time within the United 
                    States or 7 days exclusive of travel time outside of 
                    the United States unless approved in advance by the 
                    Select Committee on Ethics;
                        (2) is limited to reasonable expenditures for 
                    transportation, lodging, conference fees and 
                    materials, and food and refreshments, including 
                    reimbursement for necessary transportation, whether 
                    or not such transportation occurs within the periods 
                    described in clause (1);
                        (3) does not include expenditures for 
                    recreational activities, nor does it include 
                    entertainment other than that provided to all 
                    attendees as an integral part of the event, except 
                    for activities or entertainment otherwise 
                    permissible under this rule; and
                        (4) may include travel expenses incurred on 
                    behalf of either the spouse or a child of the 
                    Member, officer, or employee, subject to a 
                    determination signed by the Member or officer (or in 
                    the case of an employee, the Member or officer under 
                    whose direct supervision the employee works) that 
                    the attendance of the spouse or child is appropriate 
                    to assist in the representation of the Senate.

     35.2e      (e) The Secretary of the Senate shall make make 
            available to the public all advance authorizations and 
            disclosures of reimbursement filed pursuant to subparagraph 
            (a) as soon as possible after they are received.
       35.3      3. A gift prohibited by paragraph 1(a) incudes the 
            following:
     35.3a
                        (a) Anything provided by a registered lobbyist 
                    or an agent of a foreign principal to an entity that 
                    is maintained or controlled by a Member, officer, or 
                    employee.

     35.3b
                        (b) A charitable contribution (as defined in 
                    section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) 
                    made by a registered lobbyist or an agent of a 
                    foreign principal on the basis of a designation, 
                    recommendation, or other specification of a Member, 
                    officer, or employee (not including a mass mailing 
                    or other solicitation directed to a broad category 
                    of persons or entities), other than a charitable 
                    contribution permitted by paragraph 4.

     35.3c
                        (c) A contribution or other payment by a 
                    registered lobbyist or an agent of a foreign 
                    principal to a legal expense fund established for 
                    the benefit of a Member, officer, or employee.

     35.3d
                        (d) A financial contribution or expenditure made 
                    by a registered lobbyist or an agent of a foreign 
                    principal relating to a conference, retreat, or 
                    similar event, sponsored by or affiliated with an 
                    official congressional organization, for or on 
                    behalf of Members, officers, or employees.

     35.4a      4. (a) A charitable contribution (as defined in section 
            170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) made by a 
            registered lobbyist or an agent of a foreign principal in 
            lieu of an honorarium to a Member, officer, or employee 
            shall not be considered a gift under this rule if it is 
            reported as provided in subparagraph (b).
     35.4b      (b) A Member, officer, or employee who designates or 
            recommends a contribution to a charitable organization in 
            lieu of honoraria described in subparagraph (a) shall report 
            within 30 days after such designation or recommendation to 
            the Secretary of the Senate--
                        (1) the name and address of the registered 
                    lobbyist who is making the contribution in lieu of 
                    honoraria;
                        (2) the date and amount of the contribution; and
                        (3) the name and address of the charitable 
                    organization designated or recommended by the 
                    Member.
            The Secretary of the Senate shall make public information 
            received pursuant to this subparagraph as soon as possible 
            after it is received.

       35.5      5. For purposes of this rule--
     35.5a
                        (a) the term ``registered lobbyist'' means a 
                    lobbyist registered under the Federal Regulation of 
                    Lobbying Act or any successor statute; and

     35.5b
                        (b) the term ``agent of a foreign principal'' 
                    means an agent of a foreign principal registered 
                    under the Foreign Agents Registration Act.

       35.6      6. All the provisions of this rule shall be interpreted 
            and enforced solely by the Select Committee on Ethics. The 
            Select Committee on Ethics is authorized to issue guidance 
            on any matter contained in this rule.
        36                         RULE XXXVI \36\
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                \36\ Previous provisions of Rule XXXVI were repealed by 
            S. Res. 512, 97-2, Dec. 14, 1982, effective Jan. 1, 1983. 
            New Rule XXXVI language established by S. Res. 192, 102-1, 
            Oct. 31, 1991, effective Aug. 14, 1991. See Senate Manual 
            Sec. 440 for provisions of 5 U.S.C. App. 7.
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                                outside earned income

       36.1      For purposes of this rule, the provisions of section 501 
            of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App. 7 
            501) shall be deemed to be a rule of the Senate as it 
            pertains to Members, officers, and employees of the Senate.

        37                           RULE XXXVII

                                CONFLICT OF INTEREST

       37.1      1. A Member, officer, or employee of the Senate shall 
            not receive any compensation, nor shall he permit any 
            compensation to accrue to his beneficial interest from any 
            source, the receipt or accrual of which would occur by 
            virtue of influence improperly exerted from his position as 
            a Member, officer, or employee.
       37.2      2. No Member, officer, or employee shall engage in any 
            outside business or professional activity or employment for 
            compensation which is inconsistent or in conflict with the 
            conscientious performance of official duties.
       37.3      3. No officer or employee shall engage in any outside 
            business or professional activity or employment for 
            compensation unless he has reported in writing when such 
            activity or employment commences and on May 15 of each year 
            thereafter so long as such activity or employment continues, 
            the nature of such activity or employment to his supervisor. 
            The supervisor shall then, in the discharge of his duties, 
            take such action as he considers necessary for the avoidance 
            of conflict of interest or interference with duties to the 
            Senate.
       37.4      4. No Member, officer, or employee shall knowingly use 
            his official position to introduce or aid the progress or 
            passage of legislation, a principal purpose of which is to 
            further only his pecuniary interest, only the pecuniary 
            interest of his immediate family, or only the pecuniary 
            interest of a limited class of persons or enterprises, when 
            he, or his immediate family, or enterprises controlled by 
            them, are members of the affected class.
     37.5a      5. (a) \37\ No Member, officer, or employee of the 
            Senate compensated at a rate in excess of $25,000 per annum 
            and employed for more than ninety days in a calendar year 
            shall (1) affiliate with a firm, partnership, association, 
            or corporation for the purpose of providing professional 
            services for compensation; (2) permit that individual's name 
            to be used by such a firm, partnership, association or 
            corporation; or (3) practice a profession for compensation 
            to any extent during regular office hours of the Senate 
            office in which employed. For the purposes of this 
            paragraph, ``professional services'' shall include but not 
            be limited to those which involve a fiduciary relationship.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \37\ Pursuant to S. Res. 192, 102-1, Oct. 31, 1991, 
            effective Aug. 14, 1991, paragraph 5 renumbered 5(a) and 
            subparagraph (b) added.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     37.5b      (b) A Member or an officer or employee whose rate of 
            basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the 
            annual rate of basic pay in effect for grade GS-15 of the 
            General Schedule shall not----
                        (1) receive compensation for affiliating with or 
                    being employed by a firm, partnership, association, 
                    corporation, or other entity which provides 
                    professional services involving a fiduciary 
                    relationship;
                        (2) permit that Member's, officer's, or 
                    employee's name to be used by any such firm, 
                    partnership, association, corporation, or other 
                    entity;
                        (3) receive compensation for practicing a 
                    profession which involves a fiduciary relationship; 
                    or
                        (4) receive compensation for teaching, without 
                    the prior notification and approval of the Select 
                    \38\ Committee on Ethics.
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                \38\ Added pursuant to S. Res. 299, 106-2, Apr. 27, 
            2000.
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     37.6a      6. (a) \39\ No Member, officer, or employee of the 
            Senate compensated at a rate in excess of $25,000 per annum 
            and employed for more than ninety days in a calendar year 
            shall serve as an officer or member of the board of any 
            publicly held or publicly regulated corporation, financial 
            institution, or business entity. The preceding sentence 
            shall not apply to service of a Member, officer, or employee 
            as--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \39\ Pursuant to S. Res. 192, 102-1, Oct. 31, 1991, 
            effective Aug. 14, 1991, paragraph 6 renumbered 6(a) and 
            subparagraph (b) added.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (1) an officer or member of the board of an 
                    organization which is exempt from taxation under 
                    section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, 
                    if such service is performed without compensation;
                        (2) an officer or member of the board of an 
                    institution or organization which is principally 
                    available to Members, officers, or employees of the 
                    Senate, or their families, if such service is 
                    performed without compensation; or
                        (3) a member of the board of a corporation, 
                    institution, or other business entity, if (A) the 
                    Member, officer, or employee had served continuously 
                    as a member of the board thereof for at least two 
                    years prior to his election or appointment as a 
                    Member, officer, or employee of the Senate, (B) the 
                    amount of time required to perform such service is 
                    minimal, and (C) the Member, officer, or employee is 
                    not a member of, or a member of the staff of any 
                    Senate committee which has legislative jurisdiction 
                    over any agency of the Government charged with 
                    regulating the activities of the corporation, 
                    institution, or other business entity.

     37.6b      (b) A Member or an officer or employee whose rate of 
            basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the 
            annual rate of basic pay in effect for grade GS-15 of the 
            General Schedule shall not serve for compensation as an 
            officer or member of the board of any association, 
            corporation, or other entity.

       37.7      7. An employee on the staff of a committee who is 
            compensated at a rate in excess of $25,000 per annum and 
            employed for more than ninety days in a calendar year shall 
            divest himself of any substantial holdings which may be 
            directly affected by the actions of the committee for which 
            he works, unless the Select Committee, after consultation 
            with the employee's supervisor, grants permission in writing 
            to retain such holdings or the employee makes other 
            arrangements acceptable to the Select Committee and the 
            employee's supervisor to avoid participation in committee 
            actions where there is a conflict of interest, or the 
            appearance thereof.
       37.8      8. If a Member, upon leaving office, becomes a 
            registered lobbyist under the Federal Regulation of Lobbying 
            Act of 1946 or any successor statute, or is employed or 
            retained by such a registered lobbyist for the purpose of 
            influencing legislation, he shall not lobby Members, 
            officers, or employees of the Senate for a period of one 
            year after leaving office.
       37.9      9. If an employee on the staff of a Member, upon leaving 
            that position, becomes a registered lobbyist under the 
            Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 or any successor 
            statute, or is employed or retained by such a registered 
            lobbyist for the purpose of influencing legislation, such 
            employee may not lobby the Member for whom he worked or that 
            Member's staff for a period of one year after leaving that 
            position. If an employee on the staff of a committee, upon 
            leaving his position, becomes such a registered lobbyist or 
            is employed or retained by such a registered lobbyist for 
            the purpose of influencing legislation, such employee may 
            not lobby the members of the committee for which he worked, 
            or the staff of that committee, for a period of one year 
            after leaving his position.
     37.10      10. (a) \40\ Except as provided by subparagraph (b), any 
            employee of the Senate who is required to file a report 
            pursuant to rule XXXIV shall refrain from participating 
            personally and substantially as an employee of the Senate in 
            any contact with any agency of the executive or judicial 
            branch of Government with respect to non-legislative matters 
            affecting any non-governmental person in which the employee 
            has a significant financial interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \40\ Pursuant to S. Res. 236, 101-2, Jan. 30, 1990, 
            paragraphs 10. and 11. were renumbered as 11. and 12. 
            respectively and paragraph 10. was added.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                (b) Subparagraph (a) shall not apply if an employee 
            first advises his supervising authority of his significant 
            financial interest and obtains from his employing authority 
            a written waiver stating that the participation of the 
            employee is necessary. A copy of each such waiver shall be 
            filed with the Select Committee.
     37.11      11. For purposes of this rule--
     37.11a
                        (a) ``employee of the Senate'' includes an 
                    employee or individual described in paragraphs 2, 3, 
                    and 4(c) of rule XLI;

     37.11b
                        (b) an individual who is an employee on the 
                    staff of a subcommittee of a committee shall be 
                    treated as an employee on the staff of such 
                    committee; and

     37.11c
                        (c) the term ``lobbying'' means any oral or 
                    written communication to influence the content or 
                    disposition of any issue before Congress, including 
                    any pending or future bill, resolution, treaty, 
                    nomination, hearing, report, or investigation; but 
                    does not include--
                                (1) a communication (i) made in the form 
                            of testimony given before a committee or 
                            office of the Congress, or (ii) submitted 
                            for inclusion in the public record, public 
                            docket, or public file of a hearing; or
                                (2) a communication by an individual, 
                            acting solely on his own behalf, for redress 
                            of personal grievances, or to express his 
                            personal opinion.

     37.12      12. For purposes of this rule--
     37.12a
                        (a) a Senator or the Vice President is the 
                    supervisor of his administrative, clerical, or other 
                    assistants;

     37.12b
                        (b) a Senator who is the chairman of a committee 
                    is the supervisor of the professional, clerical, or 
                    other assistants to the committee except that 
                    minority staff members shall be under the 
                    supervision of the ranking minority Senator on the 
                    committee;

     37.12c
                        (c) a Senator who is a chairman of a 
                    subcommittee which has its own staff and financial 
                    authorization is the supervisor of the professional, 
                    clerical, or other assistants to the subcommittee 
                    except that minority staff members shall be under 
                    the supervision of the ranking minority Senator on 
                    the subcommittee;

     37.12d
                        (d) the President pro tempore is the supervisor 
                    of the Secretary of the Senate, Sergeant at Arms and 
                    Doorkeeper, the Chaplain, the Legislative Counsel, 
                    and the employees of the Office of the Legislative 
                    Counsel;

     37.12e
                        (e) the Secretary of the Senate is the 
                    supervisor of the employees of his office;

     37.12f
                        (f) the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper is the 
                    supervisor of the employees of his office;

     37.12g
                        (g) the Majority and Minority Leaders and the 
                    Majority and Minority Whips are the supervisors of 
                    the research, clerical, or other assistants assigned 
                    to their respective offices;

     37.12h
                        (h) the Majority Leader is the supervisor of the 
                    Secretary for the Majority and the Secretary for the 
                    Majority is the supervisor of the employees of his 
                    office; and

     37.12i
                        (i) the Minority Leader is the supervisor of the 
                    Secretary for the Minority and the Secretary for the 
                    Minority is the supervisor of the employees of his 
                    office.

        38                          RULE XXXVIII

                      PROHIBITION OF UNOFFICIAL OFFICE ACCOUNTS

     38.1a      1. (a) \41\ No Member may maintain or have maintained 
            for his use an unofficial office account. The term 
            ``unofficial office account'' means an account or repository 
            into which funds are received for the purpose, at least in 
            part, of defraying otherwise unreimbursed expenses allowable 
            in connection with the operation of a Member's office. An 
            unofficial office account does not include, and expenses 
            incurred by a Member in connection with his official duties 
            shall be defrayed only from--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \41\ Pursuant to S. Res. 192, 102-1, Oct. 31, 1991, 
            paragraph 1 was renumbered 1(a) and subparagraph (b) was 
            added. Effective date revised to May 1, 1992, by a provision 
            of Pub. L. 102-229, Dec. 12, 1991. Provisions of 2 U.S.C. 
            431 are contained in the Senate Manual at Sec. 399.8.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (1) personal funds of the Member;
                        (2) official funds specifically appropriated for 
                    that purpose;
                        (3) funds derived from a political committee (as 
                    defined in section 301(d) of the Federal Election 
                    Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431)); and
                        (4) funds received as reasonable reimbursements 
                    for expenses incurred by a Member in connection with 
                    personal services provided by the Member to the 
                    organization making the reimbursement.

     38.1b      (b) Notwithstanding subparagraph (a), official expenses 
            may be defrayed only as provided by subsections (d) and (i) 
            of section 311 of the Legislative Appropriations Act, 1991 
            (Public Law 101-520).
       38.2      2. No contribution (as defined in section 301(e) of the 
            Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431)) shall 
            be converted to the personal use of any Member or any former 
            Member. For the purposes of this rule ``personal use'' does 
            not include reimbursement of expenses incurred by a Member 
            in connection with his official duties.

        39                           RULE XXXIX

                                   FOREIGN TRAVEL

     39.1a      1. (a) Unless authorized by the Senate (or by the 
            President of the United States after an adjournment sine 
            die), no funds from the United States Government (including 
            foreign currencies made available under section 502(b) of 
            the Mutual Security Act of 1954 (22 U.S.C. 1754(b)) shall be 
            received for the purpose of travel outside the United States 
            by any Member of the Senate whose term will expire at the 
            end of a Congress after--
                        (1) the date of the general election in which 
                    his successor is elected; or
                        (2) in the case of a Member who is not a 
                    candidate in such general election, the earlier of 
                    the date of such general election or the adjournment 
                    sine die of the second regular session of that 
                    Congress.

     39.1b      (b) \42\ The travel restrictions provided by 
            subparagraph (a) with respect to a Member of the Senate 
            whose term will expire at the end of a Congress shall apply 
            to travel by--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \42\ Pursuant to S. Res. 80, 100-1, Jan. 28, 1987, 
            paragraph 1 was renumbered as 1. (a) and subparagraph (b) 
            was added.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (1) any employee of the Member;
                        (2) any elected officer of the Senate whose 
                    employment will terminate at the end of a Congress; 
                    and
                        (3) any employee of a committee whose employment 
                    will terminate at the end of a Congress.

       39.2      2. No Member, officer, or employee engaged in foreign 
            travel may claim payment or accept funds from the United 
            States Government (including foreign currencies made 
            available under section 502(b) of the Mutual Security Act of 
            1954 (22 U.S.C. 1754(b)) for any expense for which the 
            individual has received reimbursement from any other source; 
            nor may such Member, officer, or employee receive 
            reimbursement for the same expense more than once from the 
            United States Government. No Member, officer, or employee 
            shall use any funds furnished to him to defray ordinary and 
            necessary expenses of foreign travel for any purpose other 
            than the purpose or purposes for which such funds were 
            furnished.
       39.3      3. A per diem allowance provided a Member, officer, or 
            employee in connection with foreign travel shall be used 
            solely for lodging, food, and related expenses and it is the 
            responsibility of the Member, officer, or employee receiving 
            such an allowance to return to the United States Government 
            that portion of the allowance received which is not actually 
            used for necessary lodging, food, and related expenses.

        40                             RULE XL

              FRANKING PRIVILEGE AND RADIO AND TELEVISION STUDIOS \43\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                \43\ Section 3210 of title 39, U.S.C., contains 
            statutory provisions are parallel to certain provisions of 
            rule XL relating to the franking privilege. See Senate 
            Manual Sec. 491.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

       40.1      1. A Senator or an individual who is a candidate for 
            nomination for election, or election, to the Senate may not 
            use the frank for any mass mailing (as defined in section 
            3210(a)(6)(E) \44\ of title 39, United States Code) if such 
            mass mailing is mailed at or delivered to any postal 
            facility less than sixty days immediately before the date of 
            any primary or general election (whether regular, special, 
            or runoff) in which the Senator is a candidate for public 
            office or the individual is a candidate for Senator, unless 
            the candidacy of the Senator in such election is 
            uncontested.\45\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \44\ Citation corrected by S. Res. 187, 101-1, Oct. 2, 
            1989, pursuant to Pub. L. 97-69, Oct. 26, 1981.
                \45\ As amended, S. Res. 224, 103-2, June 21, 1994.

       40.2      2. A Senator shall use only official funds of the 
            Senate, including his official Senate allowances, to 
            purchase paper, to print, or to prepare any mass mailing 
            material which is to be sent out under the frank.
     40.3a      3. (a) When a Senator disseminates information under the 
            frank by a mass mailing (as defined in section 3210(a)(6)(E) 
            of title 39, United States Code), the Senator shall register 
            quarterly \46\ with the Secretary of the Senate such mass 
            mailings. Such registration shall be made by filing with the 
            Secretary a copy of the matter mailed and providing, on a 
            form supplied by the Secretary, a description of the group 
            or groups of persons to whom the mass mailing was mailed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \46\ Pursuant to Pub. L. 101-520, Nov. 5, 1990, 2 U.S.C. 
            59g, See Senate Manual Sec. 248.7.

     40.3b      (b) The Secretary of the Senate shall promptly make 
            available for public inspection and copying a copy of the 
            mail matter registered, and a description of the group or 
            groups of persons to whom the mass mailing was mailed.
       40.4      4. Nothing in this rule shall apply to any mailing under 
            the frank which is (a) in direct response to inquiries or 
            requests from persons to whom the matter is mailed; (b) 
            addressed to colleagues in Congress or to government 
            officials (whether Federal, State, or local); or (c) 
            consists entirely of news releases to the communications 
            media.
       40.5      5. The Senate computer facilities shall not be used (a) 
            to store, maintain, or otherwise process any lists or 
            categories of lists of names and addresses identifying the 
            individuals included in such lists as campaign workers or 
            contributors, as members of a political party, or by any 
            other partisan political designation, (b) to produce 
            computer printouts except as authorized by user guides 
            approved by the Committee on Rules and Administration, or 
            (c) to produce mailing labels for mass mailings, or computer 
            tapes and discs, for use other than in service facilities 
            maintained and operated by the Senate or under contract to 
            the Senate. The Committee on Rules and Administration shall 
            prescribe such regulations not inconsistent with the 
            purposes of this paragraph as it determines necessary to 
            carry out such purposes.
     40.6a      6. (a) The radio and television studios provided by the 
            Senate or by the House of Representatives may not be used by 
            a Senator or an individual who is a candidate for nomination 
            for election, or election, to the Senate less than sixty 
            days immediately before the date of any primary or general 
            election (whether regular, special, or runoff) in which that 
            Senator is a candidate for public office or that individual 
            is a candidate for Senator, unless the candidacy of the 
            Senator in such election is uncontested.\47\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \47\ As amended, S. Res. 224, 103-2, June 21, 1994.

     40.6b      (b) This paragraph shall not apply if the facilities are 
            to be used at the request of, and at the expense of, a 
            licensed broadcast organization or an organization exempt 
            from taxation under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal 
            Revenue Code of 1954.

        41                            RULE XLI

                        POLITICAL FUND ACTIVITY; DEFINITIONS

       41.1      1. No officer or employee of the Senate may receive, 
            solicit, be a custodian of, or distribute any funds in 
            connection with any campaign for the nomination for 
            election, or the election, of any individual to be a Member 
            of the Senate or to any other Federal office. This 
            prohibition does not apply to three \48\ assistants to a 
            Senator, at least one of whom is in Washington, District of 
            Columbia, who have been designated by that Senator to 
            perform any of the functions described in the first sentence 
            of this paragraph and who are compensated at an annual rate 
            in excess of $10,000 if such designation has been made in 
            writing and filed with the Secretary of the Senate and if 
            each such assistant files a financial statement in the form 
            provided under rule XXXIV for each year during which he is 
            designated under this rule. The Majority Leader and the 
            Minority Leader may each designate an employee of their 
            respective leadership office staff as one of the 3 designees 
            referred to in the second sentence.\49\ The Secretary of the 
            Senate shall make the designation available for public 
            inspection.
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                \48\ As amended by S. Res. 258, 100-1, Oct. 1, 1987.
                \49\ Pursuant to S. Res. 236, 101-2, Jan 30, 1990.

       41.2      2. For purposes of the Senate Code of Official Conduct--
     41.2a
                        (a) an employee of the Senate includes any 
                    employee whose salary is disbursed by the Secretary 
                    of the Senate; and

     41.2b
                        (b) the compensation of an officer or employee 
                    of the Senate who is a reemployed annuitant shall 
                    include amounts received by such officer or employee 
                    as an annuity, and such amounts shall be treated as 
                    disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate.

       41.3      3. Before approving the utilization by any committee of 
            the Senate of the services of an officer or employee of the 
            Government in accordance with paragraph 4 \50\ of rule XXVII 
            or with an authorization provided by Senate resolution, the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration shall require such 
            officer or employee to agree in writing to comply with the 
            Senate Code of Official Conduct in the same manner and to 
            the same extent as an employee of the Senate. Any such 
            officer or employee shall, for purposes of such Code, be 
            treated as an employee of the Senate receiving compensation 
            disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate in an amount equal 
            to the amount of compensation he is receiving as an officer 
            or employee of the Government.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \50\ Reference corrected by S. Res. 192, 102-1, Oct. 31, 
            1991.

       41.4      4. No Member, officer, or employee of the Senate shall 
            utilize the full-time services of an individual for more 
            than ninety days in a calendar year in the conduct of 
            official duties of any committee or office of the Senate 
            (including a Member's office) unless such individual--
     41.4a
                        (a) is an officer or employee of the Senate,

     41.4b
                        (b) is an officer or employee of the Government 
                    (other than the Senate), or

     41.4c
                        (c) agrees in writing to comply with the Senate 
                    Code of Official Conduct in the same manner and to 
                    the same extent as an employee of the Senate.

            Any individual to whom subparagraph (c) applies shall, for 
            purposes of such Code, be treated as an employee of the 
            Senate receiving compensation disbursed by the Secretary of 
            the Senate in an amount equal to the amount of compensation 
            which such individual is receiving from any source for 
            performing such services.

       41.5      5. In exceptional circumstances for good cause shown, 
            the Select Committee on Ethics may waive the applicability 
            of any provision of the Senate Code of Official Conduct to 
            an employee hired on a per diem basis.
     41.6a      6. (a) The supervisor of an individual who performs 
            services for any Member, committee, or office of the Senate 
            for a period in excess of four weeks and who receives 
            compensation therefor from any source other than the United 
            States Government shall report to the Select Committee on 
            Ethics with respect to the utilization of the services of 
            such individual.
     41.6b
     41.6b      (b) A report under subparagraph (a) shall be made with 
            respect to an individual--
                        (1) when such individual begins performing 
                    services described in such subparagraph;
                        (2) at the close of each calendar quarter while 
                    such individual is performing such services; and
                        (3) when such individual ceases to perform such 
                    services.

            Each such report shall include the identity of the source of 
            the compensation received by such individual and the amount 
            or rate of compensation paid by such source.

     41.6c      (c) No report shall be required under subparagraph (a) 
            with respect to an individual who normally performs services 
            for a Member, committee, or office for less than eight hours 
            a week.
     41.6d
     41.6d      (d) For purposes of this paragraph, the supervisor of an 
            individual shall be determined under paragraph 12 of rule 
            XXXVII.\51\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \51\ Redesignated pursuant to S. Res. 236, 101-2, Jan. 
            30, 1990 and S. Res. 299, 106-2, Apr. 27, 2000.

        42                            RULE XLII

                                EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES

       42.1      1. No Member, officer, or employee of the Senate shall, 
            with respect to employment by the Senate or any office 
            thereof--
     42.1a
                        (a) fail or refuse to hire an individual;

     42.1b
                        (b) discharge an individual; or

     42.1c
                        (c) otherwise discriminate against an individual 
                    with respect to promotion, compensation, or terms, 
                    conditions, or privileges of employment

            on the basis of such individual's race, color, religion, 
            sex, national origin, age, or state of physical handicap.

       42.2      2.\52\ For purposes of this rule, the provisions of 
            section 509(a) of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 
            1990 shall be deemed to be a rule of the Senate as it 
            pertains to Members, officers, and employees of the Senate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \52\ Added by S. Res. 192, 102-1, Oct. 31, 1991, 
            effective July 26, 1990. ADA was subsequently amended by the 
            Government Employee Rights Act of 1991 (Title 3, Civil 
            Rights Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102-166, codified at 2 U.S.C. 
            1201 et seq.). See Senate Manual Sec. 399.60.

        43                           RULE XLIII

                           REPRESENTATION BY MEMBERS \53\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                \53\ Rule established by S. Res. 273, 102-2, July 2, 
            1992.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

       43.1      1. In responding to petitions for assistance, a Member 
            of the Senate, acting directly or through employees, has the 
            right to assist petitioners before executive and independent 
            government officials and agencies.
       43.2      2. At the request of a petitioner, a Member of the 
            Senate, or a Senate employee, may communicate with an 
            executive or independent government official or agency on 
            any matter to--
     43.2a
                        (a) request information or a status report;

     43.2b
                        (b) urge prompt consideration;

     43.2c
                        (c) arrange for interviews or appointments;

     43.2d
                        (d) express judgments;

     43.2e
                        (e) call for reconsideration of an 
                    administrative response which the Member believes is 
                    not reasonably supported by statutes, regulations or 
                    considerations of equity or public policy; or

     43.2f
                        (f) perform any other service of a similar 
                    nature consistent with the provisions of this rule.

       43.3      3. The decision to provide assistance to petitioners may 
            not be made on the basis of contributions or services, or 
            promises of contributions or services, to the Member's 
            political campaigns or to other organizations in which the 
            Member has a political, personal, or financial interest.
       43.4      4. A Member shall make a reasonable effort to assure 
            that representations made in the Member's name by any Senate 
            employee are accurate and conform to the Member's 
            instructions and to this rule.
       43.5      5. Nothing in this rule shall be construed to limit the 
            authority of Members, and Senate employees, to perform 
            legislative, including committee, responsibilities.
            ------------------------------------------------------------

                        INDEX TO STANDING RULES OF THE SENATE

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                                                                 Senate 
                                                                 Manual 
                                                                 Section

                                          A

            Absence of:
                Senators...............................................6
                Vice President.........................................1
            Additional views in committee reports.................26.10c
            Adjourn, motion to..............................6.4, 9, 22.1
            Aging, Special Committee on, membership of.............25.3b
            Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, Committee 
              on...................................................25.1a
            Amend, motion to........................................22.1
            Amendment(s):
                Committee, not within jurisdiction..................15.5
                Division of a question..............................15.3
                Laid on table without prejudice to bill.............15.4
                Not in order........................................14.7
                Of the rules...........................................5
                Of treaties.........................................30.1
                Post cloture........................................22.2
                To appropriations bills...............................16
            Announcement of committee hearings.....................26.4a
            Appeal from ruling of Chair.............................19.4
            Appointment of:
                Committees............................................24
                Public officials......................................31
                Senator to the Chair.................................1.3
                Senators, certificates of.......................2.2, 2.3
            Appropriations bills. See Bills and resolutions.
            Appropriations, Committee on:
                Appropriation bills:
                    Amendments to.....................................16
                        Restrictions on..................16.2, 16.4-16.6
                    Private claims not to be included...............16.5
                    Procedure on......................................16
                    Reappropriating unexpended balances.............16.8
                Jurisdiction of....................................25.1b
                Reports to identify with particularity items 
                  not required to carry out provisions of an 
                  existing law, etc.................................16.7
            Armed Services, Committee on...........................25.1c
            Assistant Secretary of the Senate, performance 
              of duties of Chair by..................................1.2
            Authorizations, expenditure, for committees.............26.9

                                          B

            Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Committee 
              on...................................................25.1d
            Bills and resolutions:
                Amendment(s):
                    Committee, not within jurisdiction of...........15.5
                    Division of a question..........................15.3
                    Laid on table without prejudice to bill 
                                                                    15.4
                    Not in order....................................14.7
                    Of the rules.......................................5
                    Of treaties.................................30.1b, c
                    Post cloture....................................22.2
                    To appropriation bills............................16
                Appropriations bills:
                    Amendment(s) to...................................16
                        Restrictions on..................16.2, 16.4-16.6
                    New spending authority.........................25.1b
                    Private claims not to be included...............16.5
                    Procedure on......................................16
                    Rescission of appropriations...................25.1b
                Calendar call...................................7.2, 8.1
                Committee reports on, to show:
                    Cost estimates of proposals in................26.11a
                        Exception.................................26.11a
                    Proposed changes in existing law...............26.12
                    Regulatory impact incurred, evaluation 
                      of..........................................26.11b
                Enrollment of.......................................14.5
                    Signing enrolled bills...........................1.3
                Introduction of..................................7, 14.1
                Motion to commit..............................14.7, 22.1
                Pension bills................................14.9, 14.10
                Preambles...........................................14.8
                Printing of...................................11.4, 11.6
                Private bills................................14.9, 14.10
                Procedure on..........................................14
                Reading of..........................................14.2
                Reference of............................14.3, 17.2, 17.3
                    Joint referral..................................17.3
                Reported from committee........14.4, 17.4, 17.5, 26.10b, 
                                                                26.10c, 
                                                                 26.11, 
                                                                   26.12
                To lie over one day.................................14.6
            Blind trusts, reporting of..............................34.4
            Broadcasting of committee hearings.....................26.5c
            Budget, Committee on the...............................25.1e
            Business:
                Continued from session to session.....................18
                Morning................................................7
                    Conclusion..............................7.2, 8, 19.1
                Order of...............................................8
                    Special orders...............................8.1, 10
            ``Byrd rule.'' See Senate Manual Sec. 399.39-15b.

                                          C

            Calendar, call of...................................7.2, 8.1
            Calendar Monday..........................................7.2
            Calendar of bills and resolutions:
                Consideration of items on.......................7.2, 8.1
                Placing of items on.................................14.4
            Calendar of Special Orders..............................10.1
            Candidates for United States Senate..............40.1, 40.6a
            Capitol, Senate wing of, regulation of..................33.2
            Certificates of appointment of Senators.............2.2, 2.3
            Certificates of election of Senators:
                Forms of.............................................2.3
                Record of............................................2.2
            Chair (see also Presiding Officer):
                Appointment of Senator to perform duties of 
                                                                     1.3
                Order in Chamber or galleries, enforcement 
                  of................................................19.6
                Performance of duties of, by:
                    Acting President pro tempore.....................1.2
                    Assistant Secretary of the Senate................1.2
                    Secretary of the Senate..........................1.2
                Ruling of, appeal from..............................19.4
            Chairman, committee:
                Appointment of........................................24
                Enforcement of order...............................26.5d
                Limitations on service as..........................25.4e
                Ranking majority member to serve in absence 
                  of................................................26.3
                Reporting approved measures promptly..............26.10b
                Resignation of......................................24.4
            Chaplain, daily prayer by..........................4.1a, 4.2
            Charitable contributions.........................35.3b, 35.4
            Claims...........................................14.10, 16.5
            Closed-door sessions of Senate............................21
            Closed sessions of:
                Committees.........................................26.5b
                Conferences.........................................28.6
            Cloture procedure.......................................22.2
                Thirty hour limit...................................22.2
            Code of Official Conduct. See Rules 34-43, Senate Manual 
              sections 34-43, 220.1, 399.60, 439-440, 565.
            Commencement of daily sessions.............................4
            Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Committee 
              on...................................................25.1f
            Commit, motion to.................................14.7, 22.1
            Committee(s):
                Amendments, not within jurisdiction of..............15.5
                Appointment of........................................24
                Authorizations, expenditure.........................26.9
                Chairman:
                    Appointment of....................................24
                    Limitations on service as......................25.4e
                    Ranking majority member to serve in 
                      absence of....................................26.3
                    Reporting approved measures promptly..........26.10b
                    Resignation of..................................24.4
                Conference, reports of................................28
                Discharge, motion to...............................17.4a
                Expenditure authorizations..........................26.9
                Hearings:
                    Announcement of................................26.4a
                    Authority for...................................26.1
                    Availability....................................17.5
                    Broadcasting of................................26.5c
                    Closed.........................................26.5b
                    Executive decisions.............................17.5
                    Open...........................................26.5b
                    Order in, enforcement of.......................26.5d
                    Printing of...................................26.10a
                    Procedure.......................................26.4
                    Stenographic assistance for reporting of
                                                                    26.1
                    Televising of..................................26.5c
                    Witnesses.................................26.1, 26.4
                        Selected by minority.......................26.4d
                Investigations, authority for.......................26.1
                Joint. See Committees, joint.
                Jurisdiction, questions of..........................17.1
                Legislation jointly referred........................17.3
                    Portions under consideration to be 
                      specified....................................17.3d
                    Report.........................................17.3b
                Legislative review by..............................26.8a
                    Report on......................................26.8b
                Meetings..............................................26
                    Broadcasting or televising.....................26.5c
                    Closed and open sessions.......................26.5b
                    Order, maintenance of..........................26.5d
                    Record (transcript or electronic) of...........26.5e
                Membership on..................................25.2-25.4
                    Limitations and exceptions with respect 
                      to............................................25.4
                    Temporary increase in (leadership 
                      agreement)...................................25.4c
                Minority staff........................27.1d, 27.2a-27.2c
                Powers, continuance of..............................25.1
                Procedure.............................................26
                Proxies, use of.....................................26.7
                Quorum.............................................26.7a
                Records:
                    Availability to all Members...................26.10a
                    Proceedings (open or closed)...................26.5e
                    Separate from chairman's office records 
                                                                  26.10a
                Reference of bills and resolutions to...14.3, 17.2, 17.3
                Reports.........................................7.1, 7.2
                    Additional views in...........................26.10c
                    Appropriations Committee reports to 
                      identify items not required to carry 
                      out existing law..............................16.7
                    Availability of (``2-day rule'')................17.5
                    Conference committees.............................28
                    Contents required in each...............26.11, 26.12
                    Cost estimate.................................26.11a
                        Exception.................................26.11a
                    Filing of.............................26.10b, 26.10c
                    Legislative review.............................26.8b
                    Minority views in.............................26.10c
                    Printing of........................11.4-11.6, 26.10c
                        Exception...................................11.6
                        Printed in single volume..................26.10c
                    Regulatory impact, evaluation of..............26.11b
                    Submission of....................................7.1
                    Supplemental views in.........................26.10c
                    To lie over one day............................17.4a
                    To show proposed changes in existing law 
                      (Cordon rule)................................26.12
                    ``2-day rule''..................................17.5
                Rules of............................................26.2
                    Printing of, in Congressional Record............26.2
                Sessions of:
                    Broadcasting of................................26.5c
                    Open or closed.................................26.5b
                    Scheduling of.............................26.4, 26.6
                Sitting while the Senate is in session.............26.5a
                    Permission by leaders..........................26.5a
                Staffs................................................27
                    Minority............................27.1, 27.2, 27.3
                    Personnel on detail from other 
                      Government         
                      agencies......................................27.4
                Standing. See Committees, standing.
                Subcommittees, limitation of membership on 
                                                            25.4b, 25.4e
                Subpena, power of...................................26.1
                Voting:
                    Proxies.........................................26.7
                    Record of.......................................26.7
                Witnesses.....................................26.1, 26.4
                    Authority to summon.............................26.1
                    Selected by minority...........................26.4d
            Committee of the Whole, proceedings on treaties 
              in...................................................30.1b
            Committees, joint:
                Joint Economic.....................................25.3b
                Taxation...........................................25.3c
            Committees, other:
                Indian Affairs.....................................25.3c
            Committees, select:
                Membership on:
                    Ethics.........................................25.3c
                    Intelligence...................................25.3b
            Committees, special: Aging, membership on..............25.3b
            Committees, standing:
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry...............25.1a
                Appropriations:
            Appropriation bills:
                        Amendments to.................................16
                            Restrictions on..............16.2, 16.4-16.6
                        Private claims not to be included...........16.5
                        Procedure on..................................16
                    Committee procedures, excepted from 
                      certain....................26.3, 26.4, 26.7-26.11.
                    Jurisdiction of................................25.1b
                    Legislative review provisions, not 
                      applicable to................................26.8a
                    Reports to identify with particularity 
                      items not required to carry out 
                      provisions of an existing law, etc............16.6
                Armed Services.....................................25.1c
                Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs................25.1d
                Budget.............................................25.1e
                    Committee procedures, excepted from 
                      certain...........................26.4, 26.5, 26.8
                    Legislative review provisions not 
                      applicable to................................26.8a
                Commerce, Science, and Transportation..............25.1f
                Energy and Natural Resources.......................25.1g
                Environment and Public Works.......................25.1h
                Finance............................................25.1i
                Foreign Relations..................................25.1j
                Governmental Affairs...............................25.1k
                Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions............25.1l.
                Judiciary..........................................25.1m
                Rules and Administration:
                    Committee personnel on detail from other 
                      Government agencies...........................27.4
                    Jurisdiction of................................25.1n
                    Motions to print (documents, reports, 
                      etc.) to be referred to.................11.4, 11.5
                    Senate wing of the Capitol, regulation 
                      of............................................33.2
                    Stenographic assistance to committees, 
                      regulation of.................................26.1
                Small Business.....................................25.1o
                Veterans' Affairs..................................25.1p
            Communications from heads of departments.................7.1
            Computer facilities, restrictions on use................40.5
            Concurrent resolutions. See Bills and resolutions.
            Conference committees: Reports of.........................28
            Confidential business, disclosure prohibited............29.5
            Confidential proceedings to be kept in separate 
              book..................................................4.1d
            Conflict of interest. See Rule 37, Senate Manual 
              section 37.
                Voting..............................................12.3
            Congressional Record:
                Committee Rules of Procedure........................26.2
                Memorials and petitions, summary of, to be 
                  printed in.........................................7.5
                Nominations to be printed in.......................31.7b
            Consideration of reported measures, availability 
              of reports and hearings for (2-day rule)..............17.5
            Constituent services. See Representation by Members.
            Contributions, political, to nominees for United 
              States Senator. See Senate Manual sections 
              399.8-399.11.
            ``Cordon rule''........................................26.12
            Credentials, presentation of...............................2

                                          D

            Daily sessions, commencement of............................4
            Debate:
                Close, motion to....................................22.2
                Cloture.............................................22.2
                Germaneness of.....................................19.1b
                Procedure in..........................................19
            Discharge a committee, motion to.......................17.4a
            Disclosure of confidential business prohibited 
                                                                    29.5
            Disclosure of financial interests by Senators, 
              officers and employees of the Senate....................34
            Discrimination, prohibit in Senate employment 
              practices...............................................42
            Division of a question..................................15.3

                                          E

            Economic Committee, Joint. See Joint Economic Committee.
            Election of Senators, certificates of...............2.2, 2.3
            Employees of the Senate:
                Authority of officers of the Senate over 
                  those they supervise.............................37.12
                Committees. See Committees: staff.
                Conflict of interest..................................37
                Disclosure of financial interests.....................34
                Discrimination, prohibit..............................42
                Foreign travel by...............................35.2, 39
                Gifts.................................................35
                Outside earned income.................................36
                Political-fund activity by............................41
                Post-employment lobbying restrictions...............37.9
            Employment practices......................................42
            Energy and Natural Resources, Committee on.............25.1g
            Enrollment of bills and joint resolutions...............14.5
                Signing of same......................................1.3
            Environment and Public Works, Committee on.............25.1h
            Ethics. See Rules 34-43, Senate Manual sections 34-43 and 
              220.1, 399.60, 439-440, 565.
            Ethics, Select Committee on:
                Financial disclosure by senatorial candidates and 
                  officers and employees of Senate. See Senate Manual 
                  sections 34, 79.1.
                Membership on......................................25.3c
            Executive:
                Business, motion to proceed to......................22.1
                Proceedings to be kept in separate book.............4.1d
                Sessions of Senate....................................29
            Expenditure authorizations..............................26.9

                                          F

            Filing of committee reports...........................26.10b
            Finance, Committee on..................................25.1i
            Financial disclosure......................................34
            Floor:
                Privilege of..........................................23
                Recognition.........................................19.1
            Foreign Relations, Committee on........................25.1j
            Foreign travel, Senators, officers or employees 
              of Senate.........................................35.2, 39
            Franking privilege.................................40.1-40.5
                Mass mailing...................................40.1-40.5
                    Public inspection, available for...............40.3b
                    Registration with Secretary of Senate..........40.3a
                    Restrictions....................................40.1
                        Exceptions..................................40.4
                Use of official funds...............................40.2

                                          G

            Galleries:
                News media, regulation of...........................33.2
                Occupants of, no Senator shall call 
                  attention to any..................................19.7
                Order in, enforcement of............................19.6
            Germaneness of debate..................................19.1b
            Gifts to Senators, officers, and employees................35
            Governmental Affairs, Committee on.....................25.1k

                                          H

            Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, 
              Committee on........................................25.1l.
            Hearings, committee. See Committee(s): Hearings.
            Honoraria...........................................35.4, 36
            House of Representatives:
                Bills from...........................................7.3
                Concurrence of, required for printing 
                  additional copies with cost exceeding sum 
                  established by law................................11.5
                Messages from...................................7.1, 9.1
                Messages to..........................................9.2
                Motion to request return of item from...............13.2

                                          I

            Impeachment proceedings to be kept in a separate 
              book..................................................4.1d
            Indian Affairs, Committee on, membership of............25.3c
            Intelligence, Select Committee on, membership of
                                                                   25.3b
            Investigations, committee authority for.................26.1

                                          J

            Joint committees, membership...........................25.4e
            Joint Economic Committee, membership of................25.3b
            Joint referral to committees of proposed 
              legislation...........................................17.3
            Joint resolutions. See Bills and resolutions.
            Journal:
                Contents of.........................................4.1c
                Legislative, executive, confidential, and 
                  impeachment proceedings to be recorded in 
                  separate books....................................4.1d
                Reading of................................4.1, 9.1, 28.1
            Judiciary, Committee on the............................25.1m
            Jurisdiction of standing committees..............25.1a-25.1p

                                          L

            Lay on table, motion to.................................22.1
            Leaders, Majority and Minority:
                Authority over certain employees................37.12g-i
                Cloture, control of additional time by, 
                  following thirty hour cap.........................22.2
                Committees:
                    Meeting while Senate is in session, 
                      consent for..................................26.5a
                    Membership, temporary increases in.............25.4c
                Joint referrals of bills and resolutions, 
                  function in......................................17.3a
                2-day rule waiver...................................17.5
            ``Leaks.'' See Disclosure of confidential 
              business.
            Legislation jointly referred to committees..............17.3
            Legislative proceedings to be kept in separate 
              book..................................................4.1d
            Legislative review by standing committees...............26.8
            Lobbying, restrictions on current and former 
              Members or employees...............................37.8-12

                                          M

            Majority Leader. See Leaders, Majority and Minority.
            Mass mailing under frank...........................40.1-40.5
                Public inspection, available for...................40.3b
                Quarterly reports...................................40.3
                Registration with Secretary of Senate..............40.3a
                Restrictions........................................40.1
            Meetings of committees.............................26.1-26.7
                Closed and open sessions...........................26.5b
            Membership of committees...........................25.2-25.4
                Appointment of........................................24
                Limitations and exceptions in respect to............25.4
                Temporary increases in.............................25.4c
            Memorials. See Petitions and memorials.
            Messages from:
                House of Representatives........................7.1, 9.1
                President of the United States..................7.1, 9.1
            Messages to:
                House of Representatives.............................9.2
                President of the United States.......................9.2
            Minority:
                Staff of committees...................27.1d, 27.2a-27.2c
                Witnesses before committee selected by.............26.4d
            Minority Leader. See Leaders, Majority and Minority.
            Minority views in committee reports...................26.10c
            Morning business...........................................7
            Morning hour, conclusion of.......................7.2, 8, 19
            Motions:
                Precedence of.................................15.3, 22.1
                To be in writing....................................15.1
                Withdrawal or modification of, by mover.............15.2
            Motion to:
                Adjourn.....................................6.4, 9, 22.1
                Amend...............................................22.1
                Amend or correct Journal.............................4.1
                Amend the part to be stricken.......................15.3
                Change order of special orders......................10.2
                Close debate........................................22.2
                Commit a bill or resolution...................14.7, 22.1
                Compel the presence of absent Senators...............6.4
                Continue the consideration of a subject..............7.2
                Discharge a committee..............................17.4a
                Lay before Senate bills or other matters 
                  from the President or the House....................7.3
                Lay on table........................................22.1
                Postpone............................................22.1
                Print (documents, reports, etc.)..............11.4, 11.5
                Proceed to executive business.......................22.1
                Proceed to the consideration of:
                    Any change in Standing Rules.....................8.2
                    A subject..............................7.2, 8.1, 8.2
                    Executive business..............................22.1
                    Other business..................................10.2
                Recess..............................................22.1
                Reconsider............................................13
                Reconsider a nomination........................31.3-31.5
                Request return of item from House...................13.2
                Strike out..........................................15.3
                Strike out and insert...............................15.3
                Suspend, modify, or amend any rule...................5.1

                                          N

            Nominations:
                Injunction of secrecy on............................31.2
                Proceedings on........................................31
            Noncurrent records......................................11.2

                                          O

            Oath, Senatorial...........................................3
            Objection to reading a paper............................11.3
            Offensive references to another Senator or State 
              prohibited..........................................19.2-5
            Office accounts of Senators, prohibition of 
              unofficial..............................................38
            Office expenses, political contributions used 
              for...................................................38.2
            Officers of the Senate:
                Conflict of interest..................................37
                Disclosure of financial interests.....................34
                Employees supervised by, authority over............37.12
                Foreign travel of.....................................39
                Gifts.................................................35
                Outside earned income.................................36
                Political-fund activity...............................41
            Official funds, use for mass mailing....................40.2
            Open sessions:
                Committees.........................................26.5b
                Conference..........................................28.6
            Order:
                In Chamber or Galleries.............................19.6
                In committees......................................26.5d
                Of business............................................8
                Of special orders................................8.1, 10
                Questions of..........................................20
            Outside business or professional activity or 
              employment by officers or employees of the 
              Senate..................................................37
            Outside earned income.....................................36

                                          P

            Papers:
                Objection to reading................................11.3
                Printing of...................................11.4, 11.5
                Withdrawal of.......................................11.1
            ``Pastore rule''.......................................19.1b
            Pension bills....................................14.9, 14.10
            Petitions and memorials:
                Presentation of........................................7
                Reference of.........................................7.4
                Summary of, to be printed in Congressional 
                  Record.............................................7.5
            Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United 
              States...................................................4
            Points of order:
                Appropriation bill amendment proposing new 
                  or general legislation............................16.2
                Conference report, new matter in....................28.2
                During cloture proceedings..........................22.2
                Measure reported from a committee...................26.7
                Restriction on the expenditure of funds 
                  appropriated......................................16.6
            Political-fund activity by officers and 
              employees of Senate.....................................41
                Code of Official Conduct............................41.2
                    Written agreement to comply with................41.3
                Compensation, amount of.............................41.3
                Identity of source.................................41.6b
                90 days in calendar year limitation.................41.4
                    Exception.......................................41.4
                Report, none required for less than 8 hours 
                  service..........................................41.6c
            Postpone, motion to.....................................22.1
            Powers, committee.................................25.1, 26.1
            Prayer, daily, by Chaplain.................................4
            Preambles...............................................14.8
            Precedence of motions.............................15.3, 22.1
            Presentation of credentials................................2
            President of the United States:
                Bills or other matters from..........................7.3
                Communications, confidential, from..................29.3
                Former Presidents entitled to address the 
                  Senate............................................19.8
                Meeting with Senate on executive business...........29.1
                Messages from........................................7.1
                Transcript of executive records of Senate, 
                  to be furnished with................................32
            Presiding Officer:
                Bills or other matters from the President or 
                  the House, may at any time lay before the 
                  Senate.............................................7.1
                Calling a Senator to order..........................19.4
                Chair:
                    Appointment of Senator to perform duties 
                      of...............................................1
                    Order in Chamber or galleries, 
                      enforcement of................................19.6
            Performance of duties of, by:
                        Acting President pro tempore.................1.2
                        Assistant Secretary of Senate................1.2
                        Secretary of Senate..........................1.2
                    Ruling of, appeal from..........................19.4
                Cloture debate, to keep time during.................22.2
                Directing a Senator to take his seat................19.4
                President pro tempore..................................1
                Questions of order may be decided by, or 
                  submitted by him for decision by Senate.............20
                Recognition of a Senator who desires to 
                  speak.............................................19.1
                Rules for regulation of Senate wing, 
                  enforcement of....................................33.2
                Vice President, absence of......................1.1, 1.2
            President pro tempore (see also Presiding 
              Officer).................................................1
            Printing of:
                Bills, resolutions, and committee reports...........11.6
                Conference reports..................................28.4
                Hearings, committee...............................26.10a
                Papers, etc.........................................11.4
                Reports, committee.....................11.4-11.6, 26.10c
            Private bills....................................14.9, 14.10
            Private claims...................................14.10, 16.5
            Privilege of the floor....................................23
            Procedure, committee......................................26
            Professional staffs of committees.........................27
            Proxies, use of, in committee...........................26.7
            Public inspection and copying, availability of 
              mass mailing under frank.............................40.3b

                                          Q

            Question:
                Division of a.......................................15.3
                Of order..............................................20
            Quorum:
                Absence of, question of..............................6.3
                For cloture vote....................................22.2
                For unanimous consent to take a final vote 
                  on a specific date................................12.4
                Of a committee.....................................26.7a
                Of the Senate........................................6.1
                Sergeant at Arms to obtain attendance of 
                  absent Senators....................................6.4

                                          R

            Radio and television:
                Broadcasting of committee meetings.................26.5c
                Restrictions on use of studios.....................40.6a
            Ranking majority member of committee to serve in 
              absence of chairman...................................26.3
            Ratification of treaties..................................30
            Reading of:
                Bills and joint resolutions.........................14.2
                Journal.........................................4.1, 9.1
                Paper (a), objection to.............................11.3
            Recess, motion to.......................................22.1
            Reconsideration...........................................13
            Records:
                Committee:
                    Action.........................................26.5e
                    Votes..........................................26.7b
                Financial disclosure................................34.2
                Noncurrent..........................................11.2
            Reference, to committees..........................14.3, 17.1
            Registration with Secretary of Senate when using 
              frank for mass mailing................................40.3
            Regulation of the Senate wing of the Capitol............33.2
            Reimbursement of expenses, disclosure...................35.2
            Reports, committee..................................7.1, 7.2
                Additional views in...............................26.10c
                Appropriations Committee reports to identify 
                  items not required to carry out provisions 
                  of existing law...................................16.7
                Availability (``2-day rule'').......................17.5
                Conference committees.................................28
                Contents required in each...................26.11, 26.12
                Cost estimate.....................................26.11a
                    Exception.....................................26.11a
                Filing of.........................................26.10b
                Legislative review.................................26.8b
                Minority views in.................................26.10c
                Printing of............................11.4-11.6, 26.10c
                    Exception.......................................11.6
                    Printed in single volume......................26.10c
                Regulatory impact, evaluation of..................26.11b
                Submission of........................................7.1
                Supplemental views in.............................26.10c
                To lie over one day................................17.4a
                To show proposed changes in existing law 
                  (Cordon rule)....................................26.12
                ``2-day rule''......................................17.5
            Reports, conference.......................................28
            Reports by Senators, officers and employees on:
                Financial interests...................................34
                Gifts.................................................35
            Representation (of constituents) by Members...............43
            Resolutions. See Bills and resolutions.
            Restrictions on mass mailing under frank................40.1
            Rules, amendment and suspension of.........................5
            Rules and Administration, Committee on:
                Jurisdiction of....................................25.1n
                Motions to print (documents, reports, etc.) 
                  to be referred to...........................11.4, 11.5
                Senate wing of the Capitol, regulation of...........33.2
            Rules of the Senate, Standing:
                Continuance in effect from Congress to 
                  Congress...........................................5.2
                Motion to:
                    Proceed to consideration of any change 
                      in.............................................8.2
                    Suspend, modify, or amend........................5.1

                                          S

            Secretary of the Senate:
                Assistant Secretary of the Senate....................1.2
                Certificates of election, record of..................2.2
                Duties of the Chair, performance of, by..............1.2
                Enrollment of bills and joint resolutions 
                  and presentation of same to the President 
                  of United States..................................14.5
                Financial disclosure by senatorial 
                  candidates and officers and employees of 
                  Senate. See Senate Manual section 439.
                Messages to the President and to the House 
                  to be certified and delivered by...................9.2
                Nominations, function in respect to............31.4-31.6
                Noncurrent records, function with respect to
                                                                    11.2
                Petitions, memorials, bills or resolutions, 
                  function with respect to...........................7.6
                Withdrawal of papers................................11.1
            Select and special committees, membership on............25.3
            Senate Chamber:
                For Senate use only.................................33.1
                Galleries...............................19.6, 19.7, 33.2
                Order in, enforcement of............................19.6
                Smoking not permitted in............................33.1
            Senate Code of Official Conduct:
                Conflict of interest..................................37
                Employment practices..................................42
                Financial disclosure, public..........................34
                Foreign travel........................................39
                Franking privilege.............................40.1-40.5
                Gifts.................................................35
                Office accounts, prohibition against 
                  unofficial..........................................38
                Outside earned income.................................36
                Political fund activity...............................41
                Post-employment lobbying restrictions.........37.8, 37.9
                Radio and television studios........................40.6
                Representation by Members.............................43
            Senate floor, persons admitted on.........................23
            Senate Office Buildings, regulation of..................33.2
            Senate wing of the Capitol, regulation of...............33.2
            Senators:
                Absence of.............................................6
                Appointment of.......................................2.2
                Directed to take his seat...........................19.4
                Disclosure of financial interests.....................34
                Disparaging reference by......................19.2, 19.3
                Foreign travel by.....................................37
                Franking privilege.............................40.1-40.5
                Oath of................................................3
                Outside earned income.................................36
                Post-employment lobbying restrictions...............37.8
                Radio and television studios use....................40.6
            Sergeant at Arms:
                Quorum, function in obtaining........................6.4
            Sessions:
                Committee: Scheduling of............................26.6
                Executive.............................................29
                    On nominations....................................31
                    On treaties.......................................30
                    President of United States furnished 
                      with records of.................................32
                With closed doors.....................................21
            Simple resolutions. See Bills and resolutions.
            Small Business, Committee on...........................25.1o
            Smoking not permitted in Senate Chamber.................33.1
            Special orders............................................10
            Standards and conduct. See Rules 34-43, Senate Manual 
              sections 34-43.
            Standing Rules of the Senate:
                Continuance in effect from Congress to 
                  Congress...........................................5.2
                Motion to:
                    Proceed to consideration of any change 
                      in.............................................8.2
                    Suspend, modify, or amend........................5.1
            State, offensive reference by a Senator to a............19.3
            Statements of witnesses before committees, staff 
              to prepare digests of................................26.4b
            Stenographic assistance for reporting of 
              committee hearings....................................26.1
            Subcommittees, limitation of membership on......25.4b, 25.4e
            Subpena power of committees.............................26.1
            Summary of testimony before committees, staff to 
              prepare..............................................26.4c
            Supplemental expenditure authorizations for 
              committees............................................26.9
            Supplemental views in committee reports...............26.10c
            Suspension of the rules....................................5

                                          T

            Television broadcasting of committee hearings..........26.5c
            Television Studios, and Radio...........................40.6
                User restrictions...................................40.6
                Exemption to restrictions...........................40.6
            Travel expenses, foreign............................35.2, 39
            Treaties:
                Amendments..........................................30.1
                Injunction of secrecy on......................29.3, 30.1
                Proceedings on........................................30
            Trust funds.............................................34.4
            Two-day rule............................................17.5

                                          U

            Unanimous consent:
                For a Senator to change or withdraw his vote
                                                                    12.1
                For reconsideration of a question...................13.1
                To proceed to the consideration of a subject
                                                                7.2, 8.2
                To suspend a rule......................................5
                To suspend reading of Journal........................4.1
                To take a final vote on a specific date.............12.4
            Unfinished business..............................10.1, 19.1b
            Unofficial office accounts................................38

                                          V

            Veterans' Affairs, Committee on........................25.1p
            Vice President (see also Presiding Officer):
                Absence of......................................1.1, 1.2
            Voting....................................................12
                By proxy............................................26.7
                Committee...........................................26.7
                Conflict of interest................................12.3
                Reconsideration.......................................13
                Senator declining to vote...........................12.2
                Unanimous consent to take a final vote on a 
                  specific date.....................................12.4
                Yeas and nays.......................................12.1

                                          W

            Withdrawal of papers....................................11.2
            Witnesses, committee..............................26.1, 26.4
                Authority to summon.................................26.1
                Selected by minority................................26.4
                To file advance statements.........................26.4b

                                          Y

            Yeas and nays...........................................12.1
                Conflict of interest................................12.3
            ------------------------------------------------------------

              CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE TO PROVISIONS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL 
              BUDGET AND IMPOUNDMENT CONTROL ACT OF 1974, AS AMENDED, 
                       RELATING TO THE OPERATION OF THE SENATE

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                Many provisions of the Congressional Budget and 
            Impoundment Control Act of 1974\1\, including amendments 
            made by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 
            Act of 1985,\2\ the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990,\3\ 
            the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995,\4\ and the 
            Balanced Budget Act of 1997,\5\ relate directly to the 
            organization and internal operation of the United States 
            Senate, and in effect constitute extensions of or additions 
            to the Standing Rules themselves. Those provisions are 
            carried in the Senate Manual in their appropriately codified 
            form under the heading ``General and Permanent Laws Relating 
            to the United States Senate'' (Extracts from the United 
            States Code). The following cross-reference table shows 
            their respective United States Code citations and indicates 
            by Senate Manual section numbers their location in this 
            volume.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ Pub. L. 93-344, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 297.
                \2\ Pub. L. 99-177, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1039.
                \3\ Pub. L. 101-508, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-602.
                \4\ Pub. L. 104-4, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 50.
                \5\ Pub. L. 105-33, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 251.



                         BUDGET CONTROL ACT OF 1974 (TABLE)

  55      
            Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, as 
                                     amended \1\

                          [Provisions applicable to Senate]

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                                                 U.S. Code       Senate
            Section                            -------------     Manual
            No.                Subject                          Section
                                              Title   Section     No.
            ------------------------------------------------------------
            2       Declaration of purpose....... 2   621    399.39-1
            3       Definitions.................. 2   622    399.39-2
                     Title I--Establishment of 
                       House and Senate Budget 
                              Committees
                                  * * * * *
                      Title II--Congressional 
                             Budget Office
            201     Establishment................ 2   601    399.36
            202     Duties and functions......... 2   602    399.37
            203     Public access to budget data. 2   603    399.38
                      Title III--Congressional 
                            Budget Process
                    subchapter i.--congressional 
                            budget process
            300     Timetable.................... 2   631    399.39-4
            301     Annual adoption of a 
                      concurrent resolution on 
                      the budget................. 2   632    399.39-5
            302     Committee allocations........ 2   633    399.39-6
            303     Concurrent resolution on the 
                      budget must be adopted 
                      before budget-related 
                      legislation is considered.. 2   634    399.39-7
            304     Permissible revisions of 
                      concurrent resolutions on 
                      the budget................. 2   635    399.39-8
            305     Provisions relating to 
                      consideration of concurrent 
                      resolutions on the budget.. 2   636    399.39-9
            306     Legislation dealing with 
                      congressional budget must 
                      be handled by budget 
                      committees................. 2   637    399.39-10
            307     House committee action on all 
                      appropriation bills to be 
                      completed by June 10....... 2   638    399.39-11
            308     Reports, summaries, and 
                      projections of 
                      congressional budget 
                      actions.................... 2   639    399.39-12
            309     House approval of regular 
                      appropriation bills........ 2   640    399.39-13
            310     Reconciliation............... 2   641    399.39-14
            311     Budget-related legislation 
                      must be within appropriate 
                      levels..................... 2   642    399.39-15
            312     Determinations and points of 
                      order...................... 2   643    399.39-15a
            313     Extraneous matter in 
                      reconciliation legislation. 2   644    399.39-15b
            314     Adjustments.................. 2   645    399.39-
            15c                \1\ Sections excluded are not included in 
            the Senate Manual.


                         BUDGET CONTROL ACT OF 1974 (TABLE)

            Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, as 
                                 amended--Continued

                          [Provisions applicable to Senate]

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                                                 U.S. Code       Senate
            Section                            -------------     Manual
            No.                Subject                          Section
                                              Title   Section     No.
            ------------------------------------------------------------
                        Title IV--Additional 
                        Provisions To Improve 
                           Fiscal Procedures
                       subchapter ii.--fiscal 
                         procedures part a.--
                           general provisons
            401     Budget-related legislation 
                      not subject to 
                      appropriations............. 2   651    399.39-16
            402     Analysis by Congressional 
                      Budget Office.............. 2   653    399.39-18
            404     Study by General Accounting 
                      Office of forms of Federal 
                      financial commitment not 
                      reviewed annually by 
                      Congress................... 2   654    399.39-19
            405     Off-budget agencies, 
                      programs, and activities... 2   655    399.39-20
                      part b.--federal mandates
            421     Definitions.................. 2   658    399.39-21
            422     Exclusions................... 2   658    399.39-21a
            423     Duties of congressional 
                      committees................. 2   658    399.39-21b
            424     Duties of the Director; 
                      statements on bills and 
                      joint resolutions other 
                      than appropriations bills 
                      and joint resolutions...... 2   658    399.39-21c
            425     Legislation subject to point 
                      of order................... 2   658    399.39-21d
            427     Requests to the Congressional 
                      Budget Office from Senators 2   658    399.39-21f
            428     Clarification of application. 2   658    399.39-21g
                       Title V--Credit Reform
            501     Purposes..................... 2   661    399.39-22
            502     Definitions.................. 2   661    399.39-22a
            503     OMB and CBO analysis, 
                      coordination and review.... 2   661    399.39-22b
            504     Budgetary treatment.......... 2   661    399.39-22c
            505     Authorizations............... 2   661    399.39-22d
                      Title VI--Amendments to 
                      Budget and Accounting Act, 
                                 1921
                    Repealed. Pub. L. 105-33, 
                      Sec. 10118(a), 111 Stat. 
                      695........................               

                         BUDGET CONTROL ACT OF 1974 (TABLE)

            Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, as 
                                 amended--Continued

                          [Provisions applicable to Senate]

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                                                 U.S. Code       Senate
            Section                            -------------     Manual
            No.                Subject                          Section
                                              Title   Section     No.
            ------------------------------------------------------------
                     Title VII--Program Review 
                            and Evaluation
            * 701   Congressional information.... 31  1113   488
            703     Continuing study of 
                      additional budget reform 
                      proposals.................. 2   623    399.39-3
                       Title VIII--Fiscal and 
                      Budgetary Information and 
                               Controls
            * 802   Budget and appropriations 
                      authority of the President. 31  1104   483.1
                      Title IX--Miscellaneous 
                        Provisions; Effective 
                                 Dates
            904     Exercise of rulemaking powers            399.39-30
                    Referral of matters dealing 
                      with rescissions and 
                      deferrals..................            399.39-32
                    Joint referral of legislation 
                      affecting the budget 
                      process....................            399.39-33
                                  * * * * *
                    Title X--Impoundment Control
                     part a--general provisions
            1001    Disclaimer................... 2   681    399.39-24
                                  * * * * *
                          part b--congressional 
                              consideration of 
                              proposed 
                              rescissions, 
                              reservations, and 
                              deferrals of budget 
                              authority
            1011    Definitions.................. 2   682    399.39-24a
            1012    Rescission of budget 
                      authority.................. 2   683    399.39-24b
            1013    Proposed deferrals of budget 
                      authority.................. 2   684    399.39-25
            1014    Transmission of messages; 
                      publication................ 2   685    399.39-26
            1015    Reports by Comptroller 
                      General.................... 2   686    399.39-27
            1016    Suits by Comptroller General. 2   687    399.39-28
            1017    Procedure in House and Senate 2   688    399.39-29
                          part c--line item veto
            1021    Line item veto authority.....     691    399.39-34
            1022    Special messages.............     691    399.39-34a
            1023    Cancellation effective unless 
                      disapproved................     691    399.39-34b
                            * Codified to positive law as part of title 
            31, United States Code, pursuant to Pub. L. 97-258.


                         BUDGET CONTROL ACT OF 1974 (TABLE)

            Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, as 
                                 amended--Continued

                          [Provisions applicable to Senate]

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                                                 U.S. Code       Senate
            Section                            -------------     Manual
            No.                Subject                          Section
                                              Title   Section     No.
            ------------------------------------------------------------
            1024    Deficit reduction............     691    399.39-34c
            1025    Expedited Congressional 
                      consideration of 
                      disapproval bills..........     691    399.39-34d
            1026    Definitions..................     691    399.39-34e
            1027    Identification of limited tax 
                      benefits...................     691    399.39-34f
                    Judicial review..............     692    399.39-35
            ------------------------------------------------------------

            NONSTATUTORY STANDING ORDERS NOT EMBRACED IN THE RULES, AND 
                  RESOLUTIONS AFFECTING THE BUSINESS OF THE SENATE

            ------------------------------------------------------------

        60    PUBLIC ACCESS TO SENATE RECORDS AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES

      60.1      Resolved, That any records of the Senate or any 
            committee of the Senate which are transferred to the General 
            Services Administration under rule XI of the Standing Rules 
            of the Senate and section 2114 of title 44, United States 
            Code, and which have been made public prior to their 
            transfer may be made available for public use.
      60.2      Sec. 2. (a) Subject to such rules or regulations as the 
            Secretary of the Senate may prescribe, any other records of 
            the Senate or any committee of the Senate which are so 
            transferred may be made available for public use--
                        (1) in the case of investigative files relating 
                    to individuals and containing personal data, 
                    personnel records, and records of executive 
                    nominations, when such files and records have been 
                    in existence for fifty years; and
                        (2) in the case of all other such records, when 
                    such records have been in existence for twenty 
                    years.
                (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), 
            any committee of the Senate may, by action of the full 
            committee, prescribe a different time when any of its 
            records may be made available for public use, under specific 
            conditions to be fixed by such committee, by giving notice 
            thereof to the Secretary of the Senate and the Administrator 
            of General Services.
      60.3      Sec. 3. (a) This resolution shall not be construed to 
            authorize the public disclosure of any record pursuant to 
            section 2 if such disclosure is prohibited by law or 
            Executive order of the President.
                (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 2, the 
            Secretary of the Senate may prohibit or restrict the public 
            disclosure of any record so transferred, other than any 
            record of a Senate committee, if he determines that public 
            disclosure of such record would not be in the public 
            interest and so notifies the Administrator of General 
            Services.
      60.4      Sec. 4. The Secretary of the Senate shall transmit a 
            copy of this resolution to the Administrator of General 
            Services.

                                      [S. Res. 474, 96-2, Dec. 1, 1980.]

        61                PRINTING IN CONGRESSIONAL RECORD

                Resolved, That hereafter no written or printed matter 
            shall be received for printing in the body of the 
            Congressional Record as a part of the remarks of any Senator 
            unless such matter (1) shall have been read orally by such 
            Senator on the floor of the Senate, or (2) shall have been 
            offered and received for printing in such manner as to 
            indicate clearly that the contents thereof were not read 
            orally by such Senator on the floor of the Senate. All such 
            matter shall be printed in the Record in accordance with the 
            rules prescribed by the Joint Committee on Printing. No 
            request shall be entertained by the Presiding Officer to 
            suspend by unanimous consent the requirements of this 
            resolution.

                                    [S. Jour. 510, 80-1, July 23, 1947.]

        62                        SPECIAL DEPUTIES

                Resolved, That the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate is 
            authorized and empowered from time to time to appoint such 
            special deputies as he may think necessary to serve process 
            or perform other duties devolved upon the Sergeant at Arms 
            by law or the rules or orders of the Senate, or which may 
            hereafter be devolved upon him, and in such case they shall 
            be officers of the Senate; and any act done or return made 
            by the deputies so appointed shall have like effect and be 
            of the same validity as if performed or made by the Sergeant 
            at Arms in person.

                                     [S. Jour. 47, 51-1, Dec. 17, 1889.]

        63          PERSONS NOT FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES OF SENATE \1\

                Resolved, That hereafter, standing or select committees 
            employing the services of persons who are not full-time 
            employees of the Senate or any committee thereof shall 
            submit monthly reports to the Senate (or to the Secretary 
            during a recess or adjournment) showing (1) the name and 
            address of any such person; (2) the name and address of the 
            department or organization by whom his salary is paid; and 
            (3) the annual rate of compensation in each case.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\See also paragraphs 4 and 6 of rule XLI of the 
            Standing Rules of the Senate, Senate Manual sections 41.4, 
            41.6.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    [S. Jour. 407, 78-2, Aug. 23, 1944.]

        64                  FLOWERS IN THE SENATE CHAMBER

                Resolved, That until further orders the Sergeant at Arms 
            is instructed not to permit flowers to be brought into the 
            Senate Chamber.

            [S. Jour. 261, 58-3, Feb. 24, 1905.]

                Resolved, That notwithstanding the resolution of the 
            Senate of February 24, 1905, upon the death of a sitting 
            Senator, the majority leader and the minority leader may 
            permit a display of flowers to be placed upon the desk of 
            the deceased Senator on the day set aside for eulogies.

                                    [S. Res. 221, 98-1, Sept. 15, 1983.]

        65                          SENATE PAGES

      65.1      Resolved, That it shall be the duty of the Sergeant at 
            Arms to classify the pages of the Senate, so that at the 
            close of the present and each succeeding Congress, one-half 
            the number shall be removed * * *.

                                    [S. Jour. 514, 33-1, July 17, 1854.]

      65.2      Resolved, That until otherwise hereafter provided for by 
            law, there shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the 
            Senate such amounts as may be necessary to enable the 
            Secretary of the Senate to furnish educational services and 
            related items for Senate Pages in accordance with this 
            resolution.
                Sec. 2. The Senate Page program shall be administered by 
            the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate and the 
            Secretaries for the majority and minority of the Senate. All 
            policy decisions regarding the operation of the Senate Page 
            program shall be made by the Senate management board, with 
            the concurrence of the majority and minority leaders of the 
            Senate.
                Sec. 3. In order to provide educational services and 
            related items for Senate Pages, the Secretary of the Senate 
            is authorized to enter into a contract, agreement, or other 
            arrangement with the Board of Education of the District of 
            Columbia, or to provide such educational services and items 
            in such other manner as he may deem appropriate.
                Sec. 4. The educational services under the Senate Page 
            program shall consist of an academic year comprising two 
            terms, and a Page serving in such program shall be in the 
            eleventh grade.
                Sec. 5. The resolution shall take effect as of the date 
            of its approval.

            [S. Res. 184, 98-1, July 29, 1983.]

      65.3      Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate is authorized 
            to withhold from the salary of each Senate page who resides 
            in the page residence hall an amount equal to the charge 
            imposed for lodging, meals, and related services, furnished 
            to such page in such hall. The amounts so withheld shall be 
            transferred by the Secretary of the Senate to the Clerk of 
            the House of Representatives for deposit by such Clerk in 
            the revolving fund, within the contingent fund of the House 
            of Representatives, for the page residence hall and page 
            meal plan, as established by H. Res. 64, 98th Congress.

            [S. Res. 78, 98-1, Mar. 2, 1983.]

                                 SEAL OF THE SENATE

        66      Resolved, That the Secretary shall have the custody of 
            the seal, and shall use the same for the authentication of 
            process transcripts, copies, and certificates whenever 
            directed by the Senate; and may use the same to authenticate 
            copies of such papers and documents in his office as he may 
            lawfully give copies of.

            [S. Jour. 194, 49-1, Jan. 20, 1886.]

      66.1                  SEAL OF PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE

                Resolved, That the President pro tempore of the Senate 
            is authorized to adopt and use an official seal of his 
            office.
                Sec. 2. Expenses incident to the designing and 
            procurement of such seal shall be paid from the contingent 
            fund of the Senate upon vouchers signed by the President pro 
            tempore of the Senate.
                Sec. 3. A description and illustration of the seal 
            adopted pursuant to this resolution shall be transmitted to 
            the General Services Administration for publication in the 
            Federal Register.

            [S. Jour. 686, 83-2, Aug. 14, 1954.]

        67                 MARBLE BUSTS OF VICE PRESIDENTS

                Resolved, That marble busts of those who have been Vice 
            Presidents of the United States shall be placed in the 
            Senate wing of the Capitol from time to time, that the 
            Architect of the Capitol is authorized, subject to the 
            advice and approval of the Senate committee on Rules and 
            Administration, to carry into the execution the object of 
            this resolution, and the expenses incurred in doing so shall 
            be paid out of the contingent fund of the Senate.

             [S. Jour. 40, 55-2, Jan. 6, 1898; S. Jour. 173, 80-1, Mar. 
                                                              28, 1947.]

        68            READING OF WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS

                Ordered, That, unless otherwise directed, on the twenty-
            second day of February in each year, or if that day shall be 
            on Sunday, then on the day following, immediately after the 
            reading of the Journal, Washington's Farewell Address shall 
            be read to the Senate by a Senator to be designated for the 
            purpose by the Presiding Officer; and that thereafter the 
            Senate will proceed with its ordinary business.

                                    [S. Jour. 103, 56-2, Jan. 24, 1901.]

        69              REIMBURSEMENT OF WITNESS EXPENSES\1\

                Resolved, That witnesses appearing before the Senate or 
            any of its committees may be authorized reimbursement for 
            per diem expenses incurred for each day while traveling to 
            and from the place of examination and for each day in 
            attendance. Such reimbursement shall be made on an actual 
            expense basis which shall not exceed the daily rate 
            prescribed by the Committee on Rules and Administration, 
            unless such limitation is specifically waived by such 
            committee. A witness may also be authorized reimbursement of 
            the actual and necessary transportation expenses incurred by 
            the witness in traveling to and from the place of 
            examination.
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                \1\The Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1961 (July 
            12, 1960, Public Law 86-628, 74 Stat. 449), contained the 
            following restriction on advances of witness fees:
                ``No part of any appropriation disbursed by the 
            Secretary of the Senate shall be available hereafter for the 
            payment to any person, at the time of the service upon him 
            of a subpena requiring his attendance at any inquiry or 
            hearing conducted by any committee of the Congress or of the 
            Senate or any subcommittee of any such committee, of any 
            witness fee or any sum of money as an advance payment of any 
            travel or subsistence expense which may be incurred by such 
            person in responding to that subpena.''
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                Sec. 2. (a) The provisions of this resolution shall be 
            effective with respect to all witness expenses incurred on 
            or after October 1, 1987.
                (b) Senate Resolution 538, agreed to December 8, 1980, 
            is repealed effective on October 1, 1987.

                                     [S. Res. 259, 100-1, Aug. 5, 1987.]

        70              COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS AUTHORITY

                Resolved, That for the purpose of obtaining and laying 
            factual data and information before the Senate Committee on 
            Appropriations, or any subcommittee thereof, for its 
            consideration in the discharge of its functions, the 
            chairman or acting chairman of said committee is hereby 
            authorized and directed, within the limit of funds made 
            available by resolutions of the Senate, to appoint and 
            employ such experts as he may deem necessary to obtain such 
            data and information, and such experts, upon the written 
            authority of the chairman or acting chairman, shall have the 
            right to examine the books, documents, papers, reports, or 
            other records of any department, agency, or establishment of 
            the Federal Government in the District of Columbia and 
            elsewhere; be it further
                Resolved, That the said committee through its chairman 
            is hereby authorized, within the limit of funds made 
            available by resolutions of the Senate, to appoint 
            additional clerical help and assistants.

             [S. Res. 193, 78-1, Oct. 14, 1943; S. Res. 281, 96-2, Mar. 
                                                              11, 1980.]

        72  CLOSING THE OFFICE OF A SENATOR OR SENATE LEADER WHO DIES OR 
                                       RESIGNS

                Resolved, That (a)(1) In the case of the death or 
            resignation of a Senator during his term of office, the 
            employees in the office of such Senator who are on the 
            Senate payroll on the date of such death or resignation 
            shall be continued on such payroll at their respective 
            salaries for a period not to exceed sixty days, or such 
            greater number of days as may, in any particular case, be 
            established by the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration as being required to complete the closing of 
            the office of such Senator. Such employees so continued on 
            the payroll of the Senate shall, while so continued, perform 
            their duties under the direction of the Secretary of the 
            Senate, and such Secretary shall remove from such payroll 
            any such employees who are not attending to the duties for 
            which their services are continued.
                (2) If an employee of a Senator continued on the Senate 
            payroll pursuant to paragraph (1) resigns or is terminated 
            during the period required to complete the closing of the 
            office of such Senator, the Secretary of the Senate may 
            replace such employee by appointing another individual. Any 
            individual appointed as a replacement under the authority of 
            the preceding sentence shall be subject to the same terms of 
            employment, except for salary, as the employee such 
            individual replaces.
                (b) In the case of the death or resignation of a Senator 
            while holding the office of President pro tempore, Deputy 
            President pro tempore, Majority Leader, Minority Leader, 
            Majority Whip, Minority Whip, Secretary of the Conference of 
            the Majority, or Secretary of the Conference of the 
            Minority, of the Senate, the employees of such office who 
            are on the payroll of the Senate on the date of such death 
            or resignation shall be continued on the Senate payroll in 
            like manner and under the same conditions as are employees 
            in the office of such Senator under subsection (a) of this 
            section.
                (c) No employee of the Senate who is continued on the 
            payroll of the Senate under the preceding provisions of this 
            section on account of the death or resignation of a Senator 
            shall be continued on such payroll after the date of the 
            expiration of the term of office of such Senator as a 
            Senator, or, such later date as may, in any particular case, 
            be established by the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration as being required to complete the closing of 
            the office of such Senator.
                (d) Payment of salaries of employees who are continued 
            on the Senate payroll under authority of this section, and 
            payment of agency contributions with respect to such 
            salaries, shall be made from the account for Miscellaneous 
            Items within the contingent fund of the Senate.
                (e) During any period for which the employees of the 
            office of a Senator, who has died or resigned, are continued 
            on the Senate payroll under the first section of this 
            resolution, official office expenses which are necessary in 
            closing such Senator's office (or offices in case of a 
            Senator who dies or resigns while holding an office referred 
            to in subsection (b) of this section) shall be made from the 
            account for Miscellaneous Items within the contingent fund 
            of the Senate upon vouchers approved by the Secretary of the 
            Senate; except that the aggregate of such expenses shall not 
            exceed an amount equal to one-tenth of such Senator's 
            official office expense account for the year in which he 
            died or resigned.
                (f) Duties to be performed by the Secretary of the 
            Senate under this section and under section 2 of this 
            resolution shall be performed under the direction of the 
            Senate Committee on Rules and Administration.
                Sec. 2. In the case of the death of any Senator, the 
            Secretary of the Senate may, with respect to any item of 
            expense for which payment had been authorized to be made 
            from such Senator's official office expense account, certify 
            for such deceased Senator for any sum already obligated but 
            not certified to at the time of such Senator's death for 
            payment to the person or persons designated as entitled to 
            such payment by such Secretary.
                Sec. 3. (a) The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate shall make such arrangements as may be necessary, in 
            accordance with such regulations as the Senate Committee on 
            Rules and Administration may prescribe, for:
                        (1) the funeral of a deceased Senator; and
                        (2) any committee appointed to attend the 
                    funeral of a deceased Senator.
                (b) Expenses incurred in carrying out the provisions of 
            subsection (a) of this section shall be paid from the 
            account for Miscellaneous Items within the contingent fund 
            of the Senate, on vouchers approved by the Sergeant at Arms 
            and Doorkeeper of the Senate.
                Sec. 4. The following Senate resolutions are repealed: 
            S. Res. 5, 82d Congress (agreed to April 11, 1951), and S. 
            Res. 354, 95th Congress (agreed to January 20, 1978).
                Sec. 5. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this 
            section, the provisions of this resolution shall take effect 
            upon the date it is agreed to by the Senate.
                (b) The first section of this resolution shall take 
            effect on the date that there is hereafter enacted a 
            provision of law which (1) makes inapplicable to any 
            employee of the Senate the provisions of the third paragraph 
            under the heading ``Clerical assistance to Senators'' of the 
            first section of the Legislative Appropriation Act for the 
            fiscal year ending June 30, 1928 (2 U.S.C. 92a), and (2) 
            repeals (A) the last paragraph under the heading ``Clerical 
            assistance to Senators'' of the first section of the 
            Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1944 (2 U.S.C. 92e), 
            (B) the last paragraph under the heading ``Clerical 
            assistance to Senators'' of the first section of the 
            Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1945 (2 U.S.C. 92e), 
            (C) the next-to-last paragraph under the heading ``Clerical 
            assistance to Senators'' of the first section of the 
            Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1946 (2 U.S.C. 92e), 
            and (D) the next-to-last paragraph under the heading 
            ``Clerical assistance to Senators'' of the first section of 
            the Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1947 (2 U.S.C. 
            92e).
                (c) After the date this resolution is agreed to, the 
            Chairman of the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration 
            shall make no further certifications under authority of 
            section 506(g) of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1973 
            (2 U.S.C. 58(g)).

             [S. Res. 458, 98-2, Oct. 4, 1984; S. Res. 173, 100-1, Mar. 
                                                               4, 1987.]

       72.6   PAY OF COMMITTEE STAFF DISPLACED BY CHANGE OF CHAIRMAN OR 
                             RANKING MINORITY MEMBER \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                \1\ S. Res. 9 established these provisions by amendment 
            to S. Res. 458 (Sec. 72 above).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Sec. 6. (a) For purposes of this section:
                        (1) The term ``committee'' means a standing, 
                    select or special committee, or commission of the 
                    Senate, or a joint committee of the Congress whose 
                    funds are disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate.
                        (2) The terms ``Chairman'' and ``Ranking 
                    Minority Member'' means the Chairman, Vice Chairman, 
                    Cochairman and Ranking Minority Member of a 
                    committee.
                        (3) The term ``eligible staff member'' means an 
                    individual who was an employee of a committee, or 
                    subcommittee thereof, for at least one hundred and 
                    eighty-three days (whether or not service was 
                    continuous) prior to the termination of employment 
                    as described in paragraph (4), and whose pay is 
                    disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate.
                        (4) The term ``displaced staff member'' means an 
                    eligible staff member whose service as an employee 
                    of the Senate is terminated solely and directly as a 
                    result of a change of the individual occupying the 
                    position of Chairman or Ranking Minority Member of a 
                    committee and who is certified as a displaced staff 
                    member by the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member 
                    of the committee to the Secretary of the Senate. 
                    Such certification shall be made no later than 60 
                    days from the date of such change.
                (b) The Secretary of the Senate shall notify the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration of the name of each 
            displaced staff member.
                (c)(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Committee on 
            Rules and Administration each displaced staff member shall, 
            upon application to the Secretary of the Senate and approval 
            by the Committee on Rules and Administration, continue to be 
            paid at their respective salaries for a period not to exceed 
            60 days following the staff member's date of termination or 
            until the staff member becomes otherwise gainfully employed, 
            whichever is earlier.
                (2) A statement in writing by any such employee that he 
            was not gainfully employed during such period or the portion 
            thereof for which payment is claimed shall be accepted as 
            prima facie evidence that he was not so employed.
                (d) Funds necessary to carry out the provisions of this 
            section shall be available as set forth in section 1(d).  

                                       [S. Res. 9, 103-1, Jan. 7, 1993.]

        73      PAY OF CLERICAL AND OTHER ASSISTANTS AS AFFECTED BY 
                    TERMINATION OF SERVICE OF APPOINTED SENATORS

                Resolved, That in any case in which (1) a Senator is 
            appointed to fill any portion of an unexpired term, (2) an 
            election is thereafter held to fill the remainder of such 
            unexpired term, and (3) the Senator so appointed is not a 
            candidate or if a candidate is not elected at such election, 
            his clerical and other assistants on the payroll of the 
            Senate on the date of termination of his service shall be 
            continued on such roll at their respective salaries until 
            the expiration of thirty days following such date or until 
            they become otherwise gainfully employed, whichever is 
            earlier, such sums to be paid from the contingent fund of 
            the Senate. A statement in writing by any such employee that 
            he was not gainfully employed during such period or the 
            portion thereof for which payment is claimed shall be 
            accepted as prima facie evidence that he was not so 
            employed. The provisions of this resolution shall not apply 
            to an employee of any such Senator if on or before the date 
            of termination of his service he notifies the Disbursing 
            Office of the Senate in writing that he does not wish the 
            provisions of this resolution to apply to such employee.

            [S. Jour. 421, 86-2, June 28, 1960.]

        75                PRINTING OF THE EXECUTIVE JOURNAL

                Resolved, That, beginning with the first session, 
            Ninetieth Congress, the Secretary of the Senate is 
            authorized to have printed not more than one hundred and 
            fifty copies of the Executive Journal for a session of the 
            Congress.

                                    [S. Jour. 167, 90-1, Feb. 17, 1967.]

        76             LOYALTY CHECKS ON SENATE EMPLOYEES \1\

                Resolved, That hereafter when any person is appointed as 
            an employee of any committee of the Senate, of any Senator, 
            or of any office of the Senate the committee, Senator, or 
            officer having authority to make such appointment shall 
            transmit the name of such person to the Federal Bureau of 
            Investigation, together with a request that such committee, 
            Senator, or officer be informed as to any derogatory and 
            rebutting information in the possession of such agency 
            concerning the loyalty and reliability for security purposes 
            of such person, and in any case in which such derogatory 
            information is revealed such committee, Senator, or officer 
            shall make or cause to be made such further investigation as 
            shall have been considered necessary to determine the 
            loyalty and reliability for security purposes of such 
            person.
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                \1\ This resolution has not been generally implemented 
            since the Federal Bureau of Investigation took the position 
            that it was not authorized to divulge the information 
            referred to in the resolution. However, the Bureau and the 
            Department of Defense cooperate with Senate committees and 
            offices which request security checks of specific employees 
            when it is considered necessary by a committee chairman or 
            officer of the Senate.
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                Every such committee, Senator, and officer shall 
            promptly transmit to the Federal Bureau of Investigation a 
            list of the names of the incumbent employees of such 
            committee, Senator, or officer together with a request that 
            such committee, Senator, or officer be informed of any 
            derogatory and rebutting information contained in the files 
            of such agency concerning the loyalty and reliability for 
            security purposes of such employee.

            [S. Jour. 144, 83-1, Mar. 6, 1953.]

        77              AUTHORIZING SUIT BY SENATE COMMITTEES

                Resolved, That hereafter any committee of the Senate is 
            hereby authorized to bring suit on behalf of and in the name 
            of the United States in any court of competent jurisdiction 
            if the committee is of the opinion that the suit is 
            necessary to the adequate performance of the powers vested 
            in it or the duties imposed upon it by the Constitution, 
            resolution of the Senate, or other law. Such suit may be 
            brought and prosecuted to final determination irrespective 
            of whether or not the Senate is in session at the time the 
            suit is brought or thereafter. The committee may be 
            represented in the suit either by such attorneys as it may 
            designate or by such officers of the Department of Justice 
            as the Attorney General may designate upon the request of 
            the committee. No expenditures shall be made in connection 
            with any such suit in excess of the amount of funds 
            available to the said committee. As used in this resolution, 
            the term ``committee'' means any standing or special 
            committee of the Senate, or any duly authorized subcommittee 
            thereof, or the Senate members of any joint committee.

                                     [S. Jour. 572, 70-1, May 28, 1928.]

        78                      SENATE YOUTH PROGRAM

            Whereas the continued vitality of our Republic depends, in 
                part, on the intelligent understanding of our political 
                processes and the functioning of our National Government 
                by the citizens of the United States; and
            Whereas the durability of a constitutional democracy is 
                dependent upon alert, talented, vigorous competition for 
                political leadership; and
            Whereas individual Senators have cooperated with various 
                private and university undergraduate and graduate 
                fellowship and internship programs relating to the work 
                of Congress; and
            Whereas, in the high schools of the United States, there 
                exists among students who have been elected to student-
                body offices in their sophomore, junior, or senior year 
                a potential reservoir of young citizens who are 
                experiencing their first responsibilities of service to 
                a constituency and who should be encouraged to deepen 
                their interest in and understanding of their country's 
                political processes: Now, therefore, be it

                Resolved, That the Senate hereby expresses its 
            willingness to cooperate in a nationwide competitive high 
            school Senate youth program which would give several 
            representative high school students from each State a short 
            indoctrination into the operation of the United States 
            Senate and the Federal Government generally, if such a 
            program can be satisfactorily arranged and completely 
            supported by private funds with no expense to the Federal 
            Government.
                Sec. 2. The Senate Committee on Rules and Administration 
            shall investigate the possibility of establishing such a 
            program and, if the committee determines such a program is 
            possible and advisable, it shall make the necessary 
            arrangements to establish the program.
                Sec. 3. For the purpose of this resolution, the term 
            ``State'' includes the Department of Defense education 
            system for dependents in overseas areas.

              [S. Res. 324, 87-2, May 17, 1962; S. Res. 146, 97-1, July 
                                                              30, 1981.]

       78.1  Whereas by S. Res. 324 of the Eighty-seventh Congress, 
                agreed to May 17, 1962, the Senate expressed its 
                willingness to cooperate in a nationwide competitive 
                Senate youth program supported by private funds, which 
                would give representative high school students from each 
                State a short indoctrination into the operation of the 
                United States Senate and the Federal Government 
                generally, and authorized the Senate Committee on Rules 
                and Administration, if it should find such a program 
                possible and advisable, to make the necessary 
                arrangements therefor; and
            Whereas the Committee on Rules and Administration, after 
                appropriate investigation, having determined such a 
                program to be not only possible but highly desirable, 
                authorized its establishment and with the support of the 
                leaders and other Members of the Senate and the 
                cooperation of certain private institutions made the 
                necessary arrangements therefor; and
            Whereas, pursuant to such arrangements, and with the 
                cooperation of and participation by the offices of every 
                Member of the Senate and the Vice President, one hundred 
                and two student leaders representing all States of the 
                Union and the District of Columbia were privileged to 
                spend the period from January 28, 1963, through February 
                2, 1963, in the Nation's Capitol, thereby broadening 
                their knowledge and understanding of Congress and the 
                legislative process and stimulating their appreciation 
                of the importance of a freely elected legislature in the 
                perpetuation of our democratic system of government; and
            Whereas by S. Res. 147 of the Eighty-eighth Congress, agreed 
                to May 27, 1963, another group of student leaders from 
                throughout the United States spent approximately one 
                week in the Nation's Capitol, during January 1964; and
            Whereas it is the consensus of all who participated that the 
                above two programs were unqualifiedly successful, and in 
                all respects worthy and deserving of continuance; and
            Whereas the private foundation which financed the initial 
                programs has graciously offered to support a similar 
                program during the year ahead: Now, therefore, be it
                Resolved, That, until otherwise directed by the Senate 
            the Senate youth program authorized by S. Res. 324 of the 
            Eighty-seventh Congress, agreed to May 17, 1962, and 
            extended by S. Res. 147, agreed to May 27, 1963, may be 
            continued at the discretion of and under such conditions as 
            may be determined by the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration.

            [S. Jour. 196, 88-2, Apr. 16, 1964.]

        79                   SELECT COMMITTEE ON ETHICS

                Resolved, That (a) there is hereby established a 
            permanent select committee of the Senate to be known as the 
            Select Committee on Ethics (referred to hereinafter as the 
            ``Select Committee'') consisting of six Members of the 
            Senate, of whom three shall be selected from members of the 
            majority party and three shall be selected from members of 
            the minority party. Members thereof shall be appointed by 
            the Senate in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 
            of rule XXIV of the Standing Rules of the Senate at the 
            beginning of each Congress. The Select Committee shall 
            select a chairman or a vice chairman from among its members. 
            For purposes of paragraph 4\1\ of rule XXV of the Standing 
            Rules of the Senate, service of a Senator as a member or 
            chairman of the Select Committee shall not be taken into 
            account.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ Changed from ``paragraph 6'' as a result of the 
            adoption of S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                (b) Vacancies in the membership of the Select Committee 
            shall not affect the authority of the remaining members to 
            execute the functions of the committee, and shall be filled 
            in the same manner as original appointments thereto are 
            made.
                (c)(1) A majority of the members of the Select Committee 
            shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business 
            involving complaints and allegations of misconduct, 
            including the consideration of matters involving sworn 
            complaints, unsworn allegations or information, resultant 
            preliminary inquiries, initial reviews, investigations, 
            hearings, recommendations or reports, and matters relating 
            to S. Res. 400, agreed to May 19, 1976.
                (2) Three members shall constitute a quorum for the 
            transaction of the routine business of the Select Committee 
            not covered by the first paragraph of this subparagraph, 
            including requests for opinions and interpretations 
            concerning the Code of Official Conduct or any other statute 
            or regulation under the jurisdiction of the Select 
            Committee, if one member of the quorum is a member of the 
            majority party and one member of the quorum is a member of 
            the minority party. During the transaction of routine 
            business any member of the Select Committee constituting the 
            quorum shall have the right to postpone further discussion 
            of a pending matter until such time as a majority of the 
            members of the Select Committee are present.
                (3) The Select Committee may fix a lesser number as a 
            quorum for the purpose of taking sworn testimony.
                (d) (Repealed by S. Res. 271, 96-1, Oct. 31, 1979.)
                (e)(1) A member of the Select Committee shall be 
            ineligible to participate in any initial review or 
            investigation relating to his own conduct, the conduct of 
            any officer or employee he supervises, or the conduct of any 
            employee of any officer he supervises, or relating to any 
            complaint filed by him, and the determinations and 
            recommendations of the Select Committee with respect 
            thereto. For purposes of this subparagraph, a Member of the 
            Select Committee and an officer of the Senate shall be 
            deemed to supervise any officer or employee consistent with 
            the provision of paragraph 11 of rule XXXVII\1\ of the 
            Standing Rules of the Senate.
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                \1\ Changed from ``paragraph 12 of rule XLV'' as a 
            result of the adoption of S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979; 
            further changed from ``paragraph 11 of rule XLV'' as a 
            result of the adoption of S. Res. 389, 96-2, Mar. 25, 1980.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                (2) A member of the Select Committee may, at his 
            discretion, disqualify himself from participating in any 
            initial review or investigation pending before the Select 
            Committee and the determinations and recommendations of the 
            Select Committee with respect thereto. Notice of such 
            disqualification shall be given in writing to the President 
            of the Senate.
                (3) Whenever any member of the Select Committee is 
            ineligible under paragraph (1) to participate in any initial 
            review or investigation or disqualifies himself under 
            paragraph (2) from participating in any initial review or 
            investigation, another Member of the Senate shall, subject 
            to the provisions of subsection (d), be appointed to serve 
            as a member of the Select Committee solely for purposes of 
            such initial review or investigation and the determinations 
            and recommendations of the Select Committee with respect 
            thereto. Any Member of the Senate appointed for such 
            purposes shall be of the same party as the Member who is 
            ineligible or disqualifies himself.
                Sec. 2. (a) It shall be the duty of the Select Committee 
            to--
                        (1) receive complaints and investigate 
                    allegations of improper conduct which may reflect 
                    upon the Senate, violations of law, violations of 
                    the Senate Code of Official Conduct, and violations 
                    of rules and regulations of the Senate, relating to 
                    the conduct of individuals in the performance of 
                    their duties as Members of the Senate, or as 
                    officers or employees of the Senate, and to make 
                    appropriate findings of fact and conclusions with 
                    respect thereto;
                        (2) recommend to the Senate by report or 
                    resolution by a majority vote of the full committee 
                    disciplinary action (including, but not limited to, 
                    in the case of a Member: censure, expulsion, or 
                    recommendation to the appropriate party conference 
                    regarding such Member's seniority or positions of 
                    responsibility; and, in the case of an officer or 
                    employee: suspension or dismissal) to be taken with 
                    respect to such violations which the Select 
                    Committee shall determine, after according to the 
                    individuals concerned due notice and opportunity for 
                    hearing, to have occurred;
                        (3) recommend to the Senate, by report or 
                    resolution, such additional rules or regulations as 
                    the Select Committee shall determine to be necessary 
                    or desirable to insure proper standards of conduct 
                    by Members of the Senate, and by officers or 
                    employees of the Senate, in the performance of their 
                    duties and the discharge of their responsibilities; 
                    and
                        (4) report violations by a majority vote of the 
                    full committee of any law to the proper Federal and 
                    State authorities.
                (b)(1) Each sworn complaint filed with the Select 
            Committee shall be in writing, shall be in such form as the 
            Select Committee may prescribe by regulation, and shall be 
            under oath.
                (2) For purposes of this section, ``sworn complaint'' 
            means a statement of facts within the personal knowledge of 
            the complainant alleging a violation of law, the Senate Code 
            of Official Conduct, or any other rule or regulation of the 
            Senate relating to the conduct of individuals in the 
            performance of their duties as Members, officers, or 
            employees of the Senate.
                (3) Any person who knowingly and willfully swears 
            falsely to a sworn complaint does so under penalty of 
            perjury, and the Select Committee may refer any such case to 
            the Attorney General for prosecution.
                (4) For the purposes of this section, ``investigation'' 
            is a proceeding undertaken by the Select Committee after a 
            finding, on the basis of an initial review, that there is 
            substantial credible evidence which provides substantial 
            cause for the Select Committee to conclude that a violation 
            within the jurisdiction of the Select Committee has 
            occurred.
                (c)(1) No investigation of conduct of a Member or 
            officer of the Senate, and no report, resolution, or 
            recommendation relating thereto, may be made unless approved 
            by the affirmative recorded vote of not less than four 
            members of the Select Committee.
                (2) No other resolution, report, recommendation, 
            interpretative ruling, or advisory opinion may be made 
            without an affirmative vote of a majority of the members of 
            the Select Committee voting.
                (d)(1) When the Select Committee receives a sworn 
            complaint against a Member or officer of the Senate, it 
            shall promptly conduct an initial review of that complaint. 
            The initial review shall be of duration and scope necessary 
            to determine whether there is substantial credible evidence 
            which provides substantial cause for the Select Committee to 
            conclude that a violaton within the jurisdiction of the 
            Select Committee has occurred.
                (2) If as a result of an initial review under paragraph 
            (1), the Select Committee determines by a recorded vote that 
            there is not such substantial credible evidence, the Select 
            Committee shall report such determination to the complainant 
            and to the party charged, together with an explanation of 
            the basis of such determination.
                (3) If as a result of an initial review under paragraph 
            (1), the Select Committee determines that a violation is 
            inadvertent, technical, or otherwise of a de minimis nature, 
            the Select Committee may attempt to correct or prevent such 
            a violation by informal methods.
                (4) If as the result of an initial review under 
            paragraph (1), the Select Committee determines that there is 
            such substantial credible evidence but that the violation, 
            if proven, is neither of a de minimis nature nor 
            sufficiently serious to justify any of the penalties 
            expressly referred to in subsection (a)(2), the Select 
            Committee may propose a remedy it deems appropriate. If the 
            matter is thereby resolved, a summary of the Select 
            Committee's conclusions and the remedy proposed shall be 
            filed as a public record with the Secretary of the Senate 
            and a notice of such filing shall be printed in the 
            Congressional Record.
                (5) If as the result of an initial review under 
            paragraph (1), the Select Committee determines that there is 
            such substantial credible evidence, the Select Committee 
            shall promptly conduct an investigation if (A) the 
            violation, if proven, would be sufficiently serious, in the 
            judgment of the Select Committee, to warrant imposition of 
            one or more of the penalties expressly referred to in 
            subsection (a)(2), or (B) the violation, if proven, is less 
            serious, but was not resolved pursuant to paragraph (4) 
            above. Upon the conclusion of such investigation, the Select 
            Committee shall report to the Senate, as soon as 
            practicable, the results of such investigation together with 
            its recommendations (if any) pursuant to subsection (a)(2).
                (6) Upon the conclusion of any other investigation 
            respecting the conduct of a Member or officer undertaken by 
            the Select Committee, the Select Committee shall report to 
            the Senate, as soon as practicable, the results of such 
            investigation together with its recommendations (if any) 
            pursuant to subsection (a)(2).
                (e) When the Select Committee receives a sworn complaint 
            against an employee of the Senate, it shall consider the 
            complaint according to procedures it deems appropriate. If 
            the Select Committee determines that the complaint is 
            without substantial merit, it shall notify the complainant 
            and the accused of its determination, together with an 
            explanation of the basis of such determination.
                (f) The Select Committee may, in its discretion, employ 
            hearing examiners to hear testimony and make findings of 
            fact and/or recommendations to the Select Committee 
            concerning the disposition of complaints.
                (g) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, 
            no initial review or investigation shall be made of any 
            alleged violation of any law, the Senate Code of Official 
            Conduct, rule, or regulation which was not in effect at the 
            time the alleged violation occurred. No provision of the 
            Senate Code of Official Conduct shall apply to or require 
            disclosure of any act, relationship, or transaction which 
            occurred prior to the effective date of the applicable 
            provision of the Code. The Select Committee may conduct an 
            initial review or investigation of any alleged violation of 
            a rule or law which was in effect prior to the enactment of 
            the Senate Code of Official Conduct if the alleged violation 
            occurred while such rule or law was in effect and the 
            violation was not a matter resolved on the merits by the 
            predecessor Select Committee.
                (h) The Select Committee shall adopt written rules 
            setting forth procedures to be used in conducting 
            investigations of complaints.
                (i) The Select Committee from time to time shall 
            transmit to the Senate its recommendation as to any 
            legislative measures which it may consider to be necessary 
            for the effective discharge of its duties.
                Sec. 3. (a) The Select Committee is authorized to (1) 
            make such expenditures; (2) hold such hearings; (3) sit and 
            act at such times and places during the sessions, recesses, 
            and adjournment periods of the Senate; (4) require by 
            subpena or otherwise the attendance of such witnesses and 
            the production of such correpondence, books, papers, and 
            documents; (5) administer such oaths; (6) take such 
            testimony orally or by deposition; (7) employ and fix the 
            compensation of a staff director, a counsel, an assistant 
            counsel, one or more investigators, one or more hearing 
            examiners, and such technical, clerical, and other 
            assistants and consultants as it deems advisable; and (8) to 
            procure the temporary services (not in excess of one year) 
            or intermittent services of individual consultants, or 
            organizations thereof, by contract as independent 
            contractors or, in the case of individuals, by employment at 
            daily rates of compensation not in excess of the per diem 
            equivalent of the highest rate of compensation which may be 
            paid to a regular employee of the Select Committee.
                (b)(1) The Select Committee is authorized to retain and 
            compensate counsel not employed by the Senate (or by any 
            department or agency of the executive branch of the 
            Government) whenever the Select Committee determines that 
            the retention of outside counsel is necessary or appropriate 
            for any action regarding any complaint or allegation, which, 
            in the determination of the Select Committee is more 
            appropriately conducted by counsel not employed by the 
            Government of the United States as a regular employee.
                (2) Any investigation conducted under section 2 shall be 
            conducted by outside counsel as authorized in paragraph (1), 
            unless the Select Committee determines not to use outside 
            counsel.
                (c) With the prior consent of the department or agency 
            concerned, the Select Committee may (1) utilize the 
            services, information, and facilities of any such department 
            or agency of the Government, and (2) employ on a 
            reimbursable basis or otherwise the services of such 
            personnel of any such department or agency as it deems 
            advisable. With the consent of any other committee of the 
            Senate, or any subcommittee thereof, the Select Committee 
            may utilize the facilities and the services of the staff of 
            such other committee or subcommittee whenever the chairman 
            of the Select Committee determines that such action is 
            necessary and appropriate.
                (d) Subpenas may be issued (1) by the Select Committee 
            or (2) by the chairman and vice chairman, acting jointly. 
            Any such subpena shall be signed by the chairman or the vice 
            chairman and may be served by any person designated by such 
            chairman or vice chairman. The chairman of the Select 
            Committee or any member thereof may administer oaths to 
            witnesses.
                (e)(1) The Select Committee shall prescribe and publish 
            such regulations as it feels are necessary to implement the 
            Senate Code of Official Conduct.
                (2) The Select Committee is authorized to issue 
            interpretative rulings explaining and clarifying the 
            application of any law, the Code of Official Conduct, or any 
            rule or regulation of the Senate within its jurisdiction.
                (3) The Select Committee shall render an advisory 
            opinion, in writing within a reasonable time, in response to 
            a written request by a Member or officer of the Senate or a 
            candidate for nomination for election, or election to the 
            Senate, concerning the application of any law, the Senate 
            Code of Official Conduct, or any rule or regulation of the 
            Senate within its jurisdiction to a specific factual 
            situation pertinent to the conduct or proposed conduct of 
            the person seeking the advisory opinion.
                (4) The Select Committee may in its discretion render an 
            advisory opinion in writing within a reasonable time in 
            response to a written request by any employee of the Senate 
            concerning the application of any law, the Senate Code of 
            Official Conduct, or any rule or regulation of the Senate 
            within its jurisdiction to a specific factual situation 
            pertinent to the conduct or proposed conduct of the person 
            seeking the advisory opinion.
                (5) Notwithstanding any provision of the Senate Code of 
            Official Conduct or any rule or regulation of the Senate, 
            any person who relies upon any provision or finding of an 
            advisory opinion in accordance with the provisions of 
            paragraphs (3) and (4) and who acts in good faith in 
            accordance with the provisions and findings of such advisory 
            opinion shall not, as a result of any such act, be subject 
            to any sanction by the Senate.
                (6) Any advisory opinion rendered by the Select 
            Committee under paragraphs (3) and (4) may be relied upon by 
            (A) any person involved in the specific transaction or 
            activity with respect to which such advisory opinion is 
            rendered: Provided, however, That the request for such 
            advisory opinion included a complete and accurate statement 
            of the specific factual situation; and (B) any person 
            involved in any specific transaction or activity which is 
            indistinguishable in all its material aspects from the 
            transaction or activity with respect to which such advisory 
            opinion is rendered.
                (7) Any advisory opinion issued in response to a request 
            under paragraph (3) or (4) shall be printed in the 
            Congressional Record with appropriate deletions to assure 
            the privacy of the individual concerned. The Select 
            Committee shall to the extent practicable, before rendering 
            an advisory opinion, provide any interested party with an 
            opportunity to transmit written comments to the Select 
            Committee with respect to the request for such advisory 
            opinion. The advisory opinions issued by the Select 
            Committee shall be compiled, indexed, reproduced, and made 
            available on a periodic basis.
                (8) A brief description of a waiver granted under 
            section 102(a)(2)(B) of title I of Ethics in Government Act 
            of 1978\1\ or paragraph 1 of rule XXXV\2\ of the Standing 
            Rules of the Senate shall be made available upon request in 
            the Select Committee office with appropriate deletions to 
            assure the privacy of the individual concerned.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\Changed from ``paragraph 2(c), of rule XLII'' as a 
            result of the adoption of S. Res. 220, 96-1, Aug. 3, 1979.
                \2\Changed from ``paragraph 1 of rule XLIII'' as a 
            result of the adoption of S. Res. 389, 96-2, Mar. 25, 1980.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Sec. 4. The expenses of the Select Committee under this 
            resolution shall be paid from the contingent fund of the 
            Senate upon vouchers approved by the chairman of the Select 
            Committee.
                Sec. 5. As used in this resolution, the term ``officer 
            or employee of the Senate'' means--
                        (1) an elected officer of the Senate who is not 
                    a Member of the Senate;
                        (2) an employee of the Senate, any committee or 
                    subcommittee of the Senate, or any Member of the 
                    Senate;
                        (3) the Legislative Counsel of the Senate or any 
                    employee of his office;
                        (4) an Official Reporter of Debates of the 
                    Senate and any person employed by the Official 
                    Reporters of Debates of the Senate in connection 
                    with the performance of their official duties;
                        (5) a member of the Capitol Police force whose 
                    compensation is disbursed by the Secretary of the 
                    Senate;
                        (6) an employee of the Vice President if such 
                    employee's compensation is disbursed by the 
                    Secretary of the Senate;
                        (7) an employee of a joint committee of the 
                    Congress whose compensation is disbursed by the 
                    Secretary of the Senate.

            [S. Res. 338, 88-2, July 24, 1964; S. Res. 368, 93-2, July 
            25, 1974; S. Res. 4, 95-1, Feb. 4, 1977; S. Res. 110, 95-1, 
            Apr. 1, 1977; S. Res. 230, 95-1, July 25, 1977; S. Res. 312, 
            95-1, Nov. 1, 1977; S. Res. 271, 96-1, Oct. 31, 1979; S. 
            Res. 78, 97-1, Feb. 24, 1981.]

       79.1      SELECT COMMITTEE ON ETHICS--ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

                Resolved, That the Senate assigns responsibility for 
            administering the reporting requirements of Title I of the 
            Ethics in Government Act of 1978 to the Select Committee on 
            Ethics.

            [S. Res. 223, 96-1, Aug. 2, 1979.]

     79.1-1     SELECT COMMITTEE ON ETHICS--CHAIRMAN AND VICE CHAIRMAN 
                     LEGISLATIVE ASSISTANTS CLERK-HIRE ALLOWANCE

                Resolved, That effective October 31, 1979, service of a 
            Senator as the chairman or ranking minority member of the 
            Select Committee on Ethics shall not be taken into account 
            for purposes of applying section 111(b) of the Legislative 
            Branch Appropriation Act, 1978.

                                     [S. Res. 290, 96-1, Nov. 27, 1979.]

     79.1-2     AUTHORIZING THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON ETHICS TO PROVIDE 
                    TRAINING ASSISTANCE TO ITS PROFESSIONAL STAFF

                Resolved, That the Select Committee on Ethics 
            (hereinafter referred to as the ``Select Committee'') is 
            authorized, with the approval of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration, to provide assistance for members of its 
            professional staff in obtaining specialized training, 
            whenever the Select Committee determines that such training 
            will aid it in the discharge of its responsibilities.
                Sec. 2. (a) Assistance provided under authority of this 
            resolution may be in the form of continuance of pay during 
            periods of training or grants of funds to pay tuition, fees, 
            or such other expenses of training, or both, as may be 
            approved by the Committee on Rules and Administration.
                (b) The Select Committee shall obtain from any employee 
            receiving such assistance such agreement with respect to 
            continued employment with the Select Committee as it may 
            deem necessary to assure that it will receive the benefits 
            of such employee's services upon completion of his training.
                Sec. 3. The expenses of the Select Committee in 
            providing assistance under authority of this resolution 
            shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate upon 
            vouchers approved by the chairman of the Select Committee.

                                     [S. Res. 425, 97-2, Aug. 12, 1982.]

       79.2                AWARD OF SERVICE PINS OR EMBLEMS

                Resolved, That the Committee on Rules and Administration 
            is hereby authorized to provide for the awarding of service 
            pins or emblems to Members, officers, and employees of the 
            Senate, and to promulgate regulations governing the awarding 
            of such pins or emblems. Such pins or emblems shall be of a 
            type appropriate to be attached to the lapel of the wearer, 
            shall be of such appropriate material and design, and shall 
            contain such characters, symbols, or other matter, as the 
            committee shall select.
                Sec. 2. The Secretary of the Senate, under direction of 
            the committee and in accordance with regulations promulgated 
            by the committee, shall procure such pins or emblems and 
            award them to Members, officers, and employees of the Senate 
            who are entitled thereto.
                Sec. 3. The expenses incurred in procuring such pins or 
            emblems shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate 
            on vouchers signed by the chairman of the committee.

            [S. Jour. 45, 89-1, Sept. 10, 1965.]

       79.3           DESIGNATION OF THE ``DANIEL WEBSTER DESK''

                Resolved, That during the Ninety-fourth Congress and 
            each Congress thereafter, the desk located within the Senate 
            Chamber and commonly referred to as the ``Daniel Webster 
            Desk'' shall, at the request of the senior Senator from the 
            State of New Hampshire, be assigned to such Senator for use 
            in carrying out his or her Senatorial duties during that 
            Senator's term of office.

                                     [S. Res. 469, 93-2, Dec. 19, 1974.]

       79.4     COMMISSION ON ART AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE UNITED STATES 
                                     SENATE \1\

       79.6  STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR MEMBERS OF THE SENATE AND OFFICERS 
                             AND EMPLOYEES OF THE SENATE

                Resolved, It is declared to be the policy of the Senate 
            that--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ Became Senate Commission on Art, and enacted into 
            permanent law by Pub.L. 100-696, Nov. 18, 1988. See 40 
            U.S.C. 188(a), (b); Senate Manual sections 522 a, b.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                (a) The ideal concept of public office, expressed by the 
            words, ``A public office is a public trust'', signifies that 
            the officer has been entrusted with public power by the 
            people; that the officer holds this power in trust to be 
            used only for their benefit and never for the benefit of 
            himself or of a few; and that the officer must never conduct 
            his own affairs so as to infringe on the public interest. 
            All official conduct of Members of the Senate should be 
            guided by this paramount concept of public office.
                (b) These rules, as the written expression of certain 
            standards of conduct, complement the body of unwritten but 
            generally accepted standards that continue to apply to the 
            Senate.

                                     * * * * * *

                                    [S. Jour. 247, 90-2, Mar. 22, 1968.]

       79.7             OFFICE OF DEPUTY PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE

                Resolved, That, effective January 5, 1977, there is 
            hereby established in the United States Senate the Office of 
            Deputy President Pro Tempore.
                Sec. 2. Any Member of the Senate who has held the Office 
            of President of the United States or Vice President of the 
            United States shall be a Deputy President pro tempore.
                Sec. 3. [Superseded.]
                Sec. 4. The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper is 
            authorized (a) to provide, by lease or purchase, and 
            maintain an automobile for each Deputy President pro 
            tempore, and (b) to employ and fix the compensation of a 
            driver-messenger for each Deputy President pro tempore at 
            not to exceed $18,584\1\ per annum.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ Superseded by 2 U.S.C. 61f-7, Pub. L. 97-51, Oct. 1, 
            1981, Sec. 116, 95 Stat. 963. See Senate Manual section 
            258.5.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Sec. 5. [Superseded.]
                Sec. 6. [Superseded.]
                Sec. 7. Until otherwise provided by law, the Secretary 
            of the Senate is authorized to pay from the contingent fund 
            of the Senate such amounts as may be necessary, for salaries 
            and expenses, to carry out the provisions of this 
            resolution. Expenses incurred under section 4(a) of this 
            resolution shall be paid upon vouchers approved by the 
            Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper. Vouchers shall not be 
            required for the disbursement of salaries of employees paid 
            under authority of this resolution.

            [S. Res. 17, 95-1, Jan. 10, 1977.]

                Resolved, That (a) In addition to Senators who hold the 
            office of Deputy President pro tempore under authority of S. 
            Res. 17 of the 95th Congress (agreed to January 10, 1977), 
            any other Member of the Senate who is designated as such by 
            the Senate in a Senate resolution shall be the Deputy 
            President pro tempore of the Senate, and shall hold office 
            at the pleasure of the Senate during the 100th Congress.
                (b) The Deputy President pro tempore who is designated 
            as such pursuant to the authority contained in this 
            resolution is authorized to appoint and fix the compensation 
            of such employees as he deems appropriate: Provided, That 
            the gross compensation paid to such employees shall not 
            exceed $90,000 for any fiscal year.
                (c) The following provisions shall not be applicable to 
            the Deputy President pro tempore who is designated as such 
            pursuant to the authority contained in this resolution:
                (1) the provisions of S. Res. 17 of the 95th Congress 
            (agreed to January 10, 1977);
                (2) the provisions relating to compensation of a Deputy 
            President pro tempore which appear in chapter VIII of title 
            I of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1977, and which 
            are carried in section 32a of title 2, United States Code; 
            and
                (3) the provisions relating to staff of a Deputy 
            President pro tempore which appear in chapter VIII of title 
            I of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1977, and which 
            are carried in section 611 of title 2, United States Code.
                (d) Salaries under authority of this section shall be 
            paid from any funds available in the Senate appropriation 
            account for Salaries, Officers and Employees.
                Sec. 2. (a) The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper is 
            authorized to provide, by lease or purchase, and maintain an 
            automobile for the former President pro tempore.
                (b) The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to pay 
            from the contingent fund of the Senate such amounts as may 
            be necessary for expenses to carry out the provisions of 
            this section. Such expenses shall be paid upon vouchers 
            approved by the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper.

                                     [S. Res. 90, 100-1, Jan. 28, 1987.]

       79.8  
            designating the old senate office building and the new 
                senate office building as the ``richard brevard russell 
                senate office building'' and the ``everett mckinley 
                dirksen senate office building'', respectively

                Resolved, That insofar as concerns the Senate--
                        (1) the Senate Office building referred to as 
                    the Old Senate Office Building and constructed under 
                    authority of the Act of April 28, 1904 (33 Stat. 
                    452, 481), is designated, and shall be known as, the 
                    ``Richard Brevard Russell Senate Office Building''; 
                    and
                        (2) the additional office building for the 
                    Senate referred to as the New Senate Office Building 
                    and constructed under the provisions of the Second 
                    Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1948 (62 Stat. 
                    1928), is designated, and shall be known as, the 
                    ``Everett McKinley Dirksen Senate Office Building''.
                Sec. 2. Any rule, regulation, document, or record of the 
            Senate, in which reference is made to either building 
            referred to in the first section of this resolution, shall 
            be held and considered to be a reference to such building by 
            the name designated for such building by the first section 
            of this resolution.
                Sec. 3. The Committee on Rules and Administration shall 
            place appropriate markers or inscriptions at suitable 
            locations within the buildings referred to in the first 
            section of this resolution to commemorate and designate such 
            buildings as provided in this resolution. Expenses incurred 
            under this resolution shall be paid from the contingent fund 
            of the Senate upon vouchers approved by the chairman of the 
            committee.

            [S. Jour. 1197, 92-2, Oct. 11, 1972; S. Res. 295, 96-1, Dec. 
                                                               3, 1979.]

       79.9  
            designating the extension to the dirksen senate office 
                building as the ``philip a. hart senate office 
                building''

                Resolved, That insofar as concerns the Senate, the 
            extension of the Senate Office Building presently under 
            construction pursuant to the Supplemental Appropriations 
            Act, 1973 (86 Stat. 1510), is designated and shall be known 
            as the ``Philip A. Hart Senate Office Building'', when 
            completed.
                Sec. 2. Any rule, regulation, document, or record of the 
            Senate, in which reference is made to the building referred 
            to in the first section of this resolution, shall be held 
            and considered to be a reference to such building by the 
            name designated for such building by the first section of 
            this resolution.
                Sec. 3. The Committee on Rules and Administration shall 
            place appropriate markers or inscriptions at suitable 
            locations within the building referred to in the first 
            section of this resolution to commemorate and designate such 
            building as provided in this resolution. Expenses incurred 
            under this resolution shall be paid from the contingent fund 
            of the Senate upon vouchers approved by the chairman of the 
            committee.

             [S. Res. 525, 94-2, Aug. 30, 1976; S. Res. 295, 96-1, Dec. 
                                                               3, 1979.]

     79.10  PRINTING OF MEMORIAL TRIBUTES TO DECEASED FORMER MEMBERS OF 
                                     THE SENATE

                Resolved, That when the Senate orders the printing as a 
            Senate document of the legislative proceedings in the United 
            States Congress relating to the death of a former United 
            States Senator, such document shall be prepared, printed, 
            bound, and distributed, except to the extent otherwise 
            provided by the Joint Committee on Printing under chapter 1 
            of title 44, United States Code, in the same manner and 
            under the same conditions as memorial addresses on behalf of 
            Members of Congress dying in office are printed under 
            sections 723 and 724 of such title.

                                     [S. Jour. 293, 93-1, Apr. 6, 1973.]

     79.11                 SENATE PARLIAMENTARIAN EMERITUS

            Whereas the Senate has been advised of the retirement of its 
                Parliamentarian, Floyd M. Riddick, at the end of this 
                session: Therefore be it
                Resolved, That, effective at the sine die adjournment of 
            this session, as a token of the appreciation of the Senate 
            for his long and faithful service, Floyd M. Riddick is 
            hereby designated as Parliamentarian Emeritus of the United 
            States Senate.

            [S. Jour. 1519, 93-2, Dec. 5, 1974.]

                Resolved, That Murray Zweben be, and he is hereby, 
            designated as a Parliamentarian Emeritus of the United 
            States Senate.

            [S. Res. 297, 98-1, Nov. 18, 1983.]

                Resolved, That Robert B. Dove be, and he is hereby, 
            designated as a Parliamentarian Emeritus of the United 
            States Senate.

            [S. Res. 32, 100-1, Jan. 6, 1987.]

                Resolved, That Alan Scott Frumin be, and he is hereby 
            designated as a Parliamentarian Emeritus of the United 
            States Senate.

            [S. Res. 23, 105-1, Jan. 23, 1997.]

      79.12         CONSULTANTS FOR THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

                Resolved, That within the limit of funds appropriated 
            for expenses of inquiries and investigations for the 
            Committee on Appropriations, the committee may expend such 
            sums as it deems appropriate and necessary for the 
            procurement of the services of individual consultants or 
            organizations. Such services in the case of individuals or 
            organizations may be procured by contract as independent 
            contractors, or in the case of individuals by employment at 
            daily rates of compensation not in excess of the per diem 
            equivalent of the highest gross rate of compensation which 
            may be paid to a regular employee of the committee. Such 
            contracts may be made in the same manner and subject to the 
            same conditions with respect to advertising as required of 
            other standing committees of the Senate under section 
            202(i)(2) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as 
            amended.

            [S. Res. 140, 94-1, May 14, 1975.]

      79.13                SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE

                Resolved, That it is the purpose of this resolution to 
            establish a new select committee of the Senate, to be known 
            as the Select Committee on Intelligence, to oversee and make 
            continuing studies of the intelligence activities and 
            programs of the United States Government, and to submit to 
            the Senate appropriate proposals for legislation and report 
            to the Senate concerning such intelligence activities and 
            programs. In carrying out this purpose, the Select Committee 
            on Intelligence shall make every effort to assure that the 
            appropriate departments and agencies of the United States 
            provide informed and timely intelligence necessary for the 
            executive and legislative branches to make sound decisions 
            affecting the security and vital interests of the Nation. It 
            is further the purpose of this resolution to provide 
            vigilant legislative oversight over the intelligence 
            activities of the United States to assure that such 
            activities are in conformity with the Constitution and laws 
            of the United States.
                Sec. 2. (a) (1) There is hereby established a select 
            committee to be known as the Select Committee on 
            Intelligence (hereinafter in this resolution referred to as 
            the ``select committee''). The select committee shall be 
            composed of fifteen\1\ members appointed as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ See paragraph 3(b) of rule XXV of the Standing 
            Rules, Senate Manual section 25.3b.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (A) two members from the Committee on 
                    Appropriations;
                        (B) two members from the Committee on Armed 
                    Services;
                        (C) two members from the Committee on Foreign 
                    Relations;
                        (D) two members from the Committee on the 
                    Judiciary; and
                        (E) seven members to be appointed from the 
                    Senate at large.
                (2) Members appointed from each committee named in 
            clauses (A) through (D) of paragraph (1) shall be evenly 
            divided between the two major political parties and shall be 
            appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate upon 
            the recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of 
            the Senate. Four of the members appointed under clause (E) 
            of paragraph (1) shall be appointed by the President pro 
            tempore of the Senate upon the recommendation of the 
            majority leader of the Senate and three shall be appointed 
            by the President pro tempore of the Senate upon the 
            recommendation of the minority leader of the Senate.
                (3) The majority leader of the Senate and the minority 
            leader of the Senate shall be ex officio members of the 
            select committee but shall have no vote in the committee and 
            shall not be counted for purposes of determining a quorum.
                (b) No Senator may serve on the select committee for 
            more than eight years of continuous service, exclusive of 
            service by any Senator on such committee during the Ninety-
            fourth Congress. To the greatest extent practicable, one-
            third of the Members of the Senate appointed to the select 
            committee at the beginning of the Ninety-seventh Congress 
            and each Congress thereafter shall be Members of the Senate 
            who did not serve on such committee during the preceding 
            Congress.
                (c) At the beginning of each Congress, the Members of 
            the Senate who are members of the majority party of the 
            Senate shall elect a chairman for the select committee, and 
            the Members of the Senate who are from the minority party of 
            the Senate shall elect a vice chairman for such committee. 
            The vice chairman shall act in the place and stead of the 
            chairman in the absence of the chairman. Neither the 
            chairman nor the vice chairman of the select committee shall 
            at the same time serve as chairman or ranking minority 
            member of any other committee referred to in paragraph 
            4(e)(1)\1\ of rule XXV of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\Changed from ``paragraph 6(e)(1)'' as a result of the 
            adoption of S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Sec. 3. (a) There shall be referred to the select 
            committee all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, 
            memorials, and other matters relating to the following:
                        (1) The Central Intelligence Agency and the 
                    Director of Central Intelligence.
                        (2) Intelligence activities of all other 
                    departments and agencies of the Government, 
                    including, but not limited to, the intelligence 
                    activities of the Defense Intelligence Agency, the 
                    National Security Agency, and other agencies of the 
                    Department of Defense; the Department of State; the 
                    Department of Justice; and the Department of the 
                    Treasury.
                        (3) The organization or reorganization of any 
                    department or agency of the Government to the extent 
                    that the organization or reorganization relates to a 
                    function or activity involving intelligence 
                    activities.
                        (4) Authorizations for appropriations, both 
                    direct and indirect, for the following:
                                (A) The Central Intelligence Agency and 
                            Director of Central Intelligence.
                                (B) The Defense Intelligence Agency.
                                (C) The National Security Agency.
                                (D) The intelligence activities of other 
                            agencies and subdivisions of the Department 
                            of Defense.
                                (E) The intelligence activities of the 
                            Department of State.
                                (F) The intelligence activities of the 
                            Federal Bureau of Investigation, including 
                            all activities of the Intelligence Division.
                                (G) Any department, agency, or 
                            subdivision which is the successor to any 
                            agency named in clause (A), (B), or (C); and 
                            the activities of any department, agency, or 
                            subdivision which is the successor to any 
                            department, agency, bureau, or subdivision 
                            named in clause (D), (E), or (F) to the 
                            extent that the activities of such successor 
                            department, agency, or subdivision are 
                            activities described in clause (D), (E), or 
                            (F).
                (b) Any proposed legislation reported by the select 
            committee, except any legislation involving matters 
            specified in clause (1) or (4)(A) of subsection (a), 
            containing any matter otherwise within the jurisdiction of 
            any standing committee shall, at the request of the chairman 
            of such standing committee, be referred to such standing 
            committee for its consideration of such matter and be 
            reported to the Senate by such standing committee within 
            thirty days after the day on which such proposed legislation 
            is referred to such standing committee; and any proposed 
            legislation reported by any committee, other than the select 
            committee, which contains any matter within the jurisdiction 
            of the select committee shall, at the request of the 
            chairman of the select committee, be referred to the select 
            committee for its consideration of such matter and be 
            reported to the Senate by the select committee within thirty 
            days after the day on which such proposed legislation is 
            referred to such committee. In any case in which a committee 
            fails to report any proposed legislation referred to it 
            within the time limit prescribed herein, such committee 
            shall be automatically discharged from further consideration 
            of such proposed legislation on the thirtieth day following 
            the day on which such proposed legislation is referred to 
            such committee unless the Senate provides otherwise. In 
            computing any thirty-day period under this paragraph there 
            shall be excluded from such computation any days on which 
            the Senate is not in session.
                (c) Nothing in this resolution shall be construed as 
            prohibiting or otherwise restricting the authority of any 
            other committee to study and review any intelligence 
            activity to the extent that such activity directly affects a 
            matter otherwise within the jurisdiction of such committee.
                (d) Nothing in this resolution shall be construed as 
            amending, limiting, or otherwise changing the authority of 
            any standing committee of the Senate to obtain full and 
            prompt access to the product of the intelligence activities 
            of any department or agency of the Government relevant to a 
            matter otherwise within the jurisidiction of such committee.
                Sec. 4. (a) The select committee, for the purposes of 
            accountability to the Senate, shall make regular and 
            periodic reports to the Senate on the nature and extent of 
            the intelligence activities of the various departments and 
            agencies of the United States. Such committee shall promptly 
            call to the attention of the Senate or to any other 
            appropriate committee or committees of the Senate any 
            matters requiring the attention of the Senate or such other 
            committee or committees. In making such report, the select 
            committee shall proceed in a manner consistent with section 
            8(c)(2) to protect national security.
                (b) The select committee shall obtain an annual report 
            from the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, the 
            Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the 
            Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Such 
            reports shall review the intelligence activities of the 
            agency or department concerned and the intelligence 
            activities of foreign countries directed at the United 
            States or its interest. An unclassified version of each 
            report may be made available to the public at the discretion 
            of the select committee. Nothing herein shall be construed 
            as requiring the public disclosure in such reports of the 
            names of individuals engaged in intelligence activities for 
            the United States or the divulging of intelligence methods 
            employed or the sources of information on which such reports 
            are based or the amount of funds authorized to be 
            appropriated for intelligence activities.

                (c) On or before March 15 of each year, the select 
            committee shall submit to the Committee on the Budget of the 
            Senate the views and estimates described in section 301(c) 
            of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 regarding matters 
            within the jurisdiction of the select committee.

                Sec. 5. (a) For the purposes of this resolution, the 
            select committee is authorized in its discretion (1) to make 
            investigations into any matter within its jurisdiction, (2) 
            to make expenditures from the contingent fund of the Senate, 
            (3) to employ personnel, (4) to hold hearings, (5) to sit 
            and act at any time or place during the sessions, recesses, 
            and adjourned periods of the Senate, (6) to require, by 
            subpena or otherwise, the attendance of witnesses and the 
            production of correspondence, books, papers, and documents, 
            (7) to take depositions and other testimony, (8) to procure 
            the service of individual consultants or organizations 
            thereof, in accordance with the provisions of section 202(i) 
            of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, and (9) with 
            the prior consent of the Government department or agency 
            concerned and the Committee on Rules and Administration, to 
            use on a reimbursable basis the services of personnel of any 
            such department or agency.

                (b) The chairman of the select committee or any member 
            thereof may administer oaths to witnesses.

                (c) Subpenas authorized by the select committee may be 
            issued over the signature of the chairman, the vice chairman 
            or any member of the select committee designated by the 
            chairman, and may be served by any person designated by the 
            chairman or any member signing the subpenas.
                Sec. 6. No employee of the select committee or any 
            person engaged by contract or otherwise to perform services 
            for or at the request of such committee shall be given 
            access to any classified information by such committee 
            unless such employee or person has (1) agreed in writing and 
            under oath to be bound by the rules of the Senate (including 
            the jurisdiction of the Select Committee on Standards and 
            Conduct\1\ and of such committee as to the security of such 
            information during and after the period of his employment or 
            contractual agreement with such committee; and (2) received 
            an appropriate security clearance as determined by such 
            committee in consultation with the Director of Central 
            Intelligence. The type of security clearance to be required 
            in the case of any such employee or person shall, within the 
            determination of such committee in consultation with the 
            Director of Central Intelligence, be commensurate with the 
            sensitivity of the classified information to which such 
            employee or person will be given access by such committee.
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                \1\Name changed to the Select Committee on Ethics by S. 
            Res. 4, 95-1, Feb. 4, 1977.
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                Sec. 7. The select committee shall formulate and carry 
            out such rules and procedures as it deems necessary to 
            prevent the disclosure, without the consent of the person or 
            persons concerned, of information in the possession of such 
            committee which unduly infringes upon the privacy or which 
            violates the constitutional rights of such person or 
            persons. Nothing herein shall be construed to prevent such 
            committee from publicly disclosing any such information in 
            any case in which such committee determines the national 
            interest in the disclosure of such information clearly 
            outweighs any infringement on the privacy of any person or 
            persons.
                Sec. 8. (a) The select committee may, subject to the 
            provisions of this section, disclose publicly any 
            information in the possession of such committee after a 
            determination by such committee that the public interest 
            would be served by such disclosure. Whenever committee 
            action is required to disclose any information under this 
            section, the committee shall meet to vote on the matter 
            within five days after any member of the committee requests 
            such a vote. No member of the select committee shall 
            disclose any information, the disclosure of which requires a 
            committee vote, prior to a vote by the committee on the 
            question of the disclosure of such information or after such 
            vote except in accordance with this section.
                (b)(1) In any case in which the select committee votes 
            to disclose publicly any information which has been 
            classified under established security procedures, which has 
            been submitted to it by the executive branch, and which the 
            executive branch requests be kept secret, such committee 
            shall notify the President of such vote.
                (2) The select committee may disclose publicly such 
            information after the expiration of a five-day period 
            following the day on which notice of such vote is 
            transmitted to the President, unless, prior to the 
            expiration of such five-day period, the President, 
            personally in writing, notifies the committee that he 
            objects to the disclosure of such information, provides his 
            reasons therefor, and certifies that the threat to the 
            national interest of the United States posed by such 
            disclosure is of such gravity that it outweighs any public 
            interest in the disclosure.
                (3) If the President, personally in writing, notifies 
            the select committee of his objections to the disclosure of 
            such information as provided in paragraph (2), such 
            committee may, by majority vote, refer the question of the 
            disclosure of such information to the Senate for 
            consideration. The committee shall not publicly disclose 
            such information without leave of the Senate.
                (4) Whenever the select committee votes to refer the 
            question of disclosure of any information to the Senate 
            under paragraph (3), the chairman shall not later than the 
            first day on which the Senate is in session following the 
            day on which the vote occurs, report the matter to the 
            Senate for its consideration.
                (5) One hour after the Senate convenes on the fourth day 
            on which the Senate is in session following the day on which 
            any such matter is reported to the Senate, or at such 
            earlier time as the majority leader and the minority leader 
            of the Senate jointly agree upon in accordance with 
            paragraph 5 of rule XVII of the Standing Rules of the 
            Senate,\1\ the Senate shall go into closed session and the 
            matter shall be the pending business. In considering the 
            matter in closed session the Senate may--
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                \1\Changed from ``section 133(f) of the Legislative 
            Reorganization Act of 1946'' as a result of the adoption of 
            S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979; further changed from 
            ``paragraph 5 of rule XXVII'' as a result of the adoption of 
            S. Res. 389, 96-2, Mar. 25, 1980.
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                        (A) approve the public disclosure of all or any 
                    portion of the information in question, in which 
                    case the committee shall publicly disclose the 
                    information ordered to be disclosed,
                        (B) disapprove the public disclosure of all or 
                    any portion of the information in question, in which 
                    case the committee shall not publicly disclose the 
                    information ordered not to be disclosed, or
                        (C) refer all or any portion of the matter back 
                    to the committee, in which case the committee shall 
                    make the final determination with respect to the 
                    public disclosure of the information in question.
            Upon conclusion of the consideration of such matter in 
            closed session, which may not extend beyond the close of the 
            ninth day on which the Senate is in session following the 
            day on which such matter was reported to the Senate, or the 
            close of the fifth day following the day agreed upon jointly 
            by the majority and minority leaders in accordance with 
            paragraph 5 of rule XVII of the Standing Rules of the 
            Senate\1\ (whichever the case may be), the Senate shall 
            immediately vote on the disposition of such matter in open 
            session, without debate, and without divulging the 
            information with respect to which the vote is being taken. 
            The Senate shall vote to dispose of such matter by one or 
            more of the means specified in clauses (A), (B), and (C) of 
            the second sentence of this paragraph. Any vote of the 
            Senate to disclose any information pursuant to this 
            paragraph shall be subject to the right of a Member of the 
            Senate to move for reconsideration of the vote within the 
            time and pursuant to the procedures specified in rule XIII 
            of the Standing Rules of the Senate, and the disclosure of 
            such information shall be made consistent with that right.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\Ibid.
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                (c)(1) No information in the possession of the select 
            committee relating to the lawful intelligence activities of 
            any department or agency of the United States which has been 
            classified under established security procedures and which 
            the select committee, pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of 
            this section, has determined should not be disclosed shall 
            be made available to any person by a Member, officer, or 
            employee of the Senate except in a closed session of the 
            Senate or as provided in paragraph (2).
                (2) The select committee may, under such regulations as 
            the committee shall prescribe to protect the confidentiality 
            of such information, make any information described in 
            paragraph (1) available to any other committee or any other 
            Member of the Senate. Whenever the select committee makes 
            such information available, the committee shall keep a 
            written record showing, in the case of any particular 
            information, which committee or which Members of the Senate 
            received such information. No Member of the Senate who, and 
            no committee which, receives any information under this 
            subsection, shall disclose such information except in a 
            closed session of the Senate.
                (d) It shall be the duty of the Select Committee on 
            Standards and Conduct\2\ to investigate any unauthorized 
            disclosure of intelligence information by a Member, officer 
            or employee of the Senate in violation of subsection (c) and 
            to report to the Senate concerning any allegation which it 
            finds to be substantiated.
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                \2\Name changed to the Select Committee on Ethics by S. 
            Res. 4, 95-1, Feb. 4, 1977.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                (e) Upon the request of any person who is subject to any 
            such investigation, the Select Committee on Standards and 
            Conduct\1\ shall release to such individual at the 
            conclusion of its investigation a summary of its 
            investigation together with its findings. If, at the 
            conclusion of its investigation, the Select Committee on 
            Standards and Conduct\1\ determines that there has been a 
            significant breach of confidentiality or unauthorized 
            disclosure by a Member, officer, or employee of the Senate, 
            it shall report its findings to the Senate and recommend 
            appropriate action such as censure, removal from committee 
            membership, or expulsion from the Senate, in the case of a 
            Member, or removal from office or employment or punishment 
            for contempt, in the case of an officer or employee.
                Sec. 9. The select committee is authorized to permit any 
            personal representative of the President, designated by the 
            President to serve as a liaison to such committee, to attend 
            any closed meeting of such committee.
                Sec. 10. Upon expiration of the Select Committee on 
            Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence 
            Activities, established by Senate Resolution 21, Ninety-
            fourth Congress, all records, files, documents, and other 
            materials in the possession, custody, or control of such 
            committee, under appropriate conditions established by it, 
            shall be transferred to the select committee.
                Sec. 11. (a) It is the sense of the Senate that the head 
            of each department and agency of the United States should 
            keep the select committee fully and currently informed with 
            respect to intelligence activities, including any 
            significant anticipated activities, which are the 
            responsibility of or engaged in by such department or 
            agency: Provided, That this does not constitute a condition 
            precedent to the implementation of any such anticipated 
            intelligence activity.
                (b) It is the sense of the Senate that the head of any 
            department or agency of the United States involved in any 
            intelligence activities should furnish any information or 
            document in the possession, custody, or control of the 
            department or agency, or person paid by such department or 
            agency, whenever requested by the select committee with 
            respect to any matter within such committee's jurisdiction.
                (c) It is the sense of the Senate that each department 
            and agency of the United States should report immediately 
            upon discovery to the select committee any and all 
            intelligence activities which constitute violations of the 
            constitutional rights of any person, violations of law, or 
            violations of Executive orders, presidential directives, or 
            departmental or agency rules or regulations; each department 
            and agency should further report to such committee what 
            actions have been taken or are expected to be taken by the 
            departments or agencies with respect to such violations.
                Sec. 12. Subject to the Standing Rules of the Senate, no 
            funds shall be appropriated for any fiscal year beginning 
            after September 30, 1976, with the exception of a continuing 
            bill or resolution, or amendment thereto, or conference 
            report thereon, to, or for use of, any department or agency 
            of the United States to carry out any of the following 
            activities, unless such funds shall have been previously 
            authorized by a bill or joint resolution passed by the 
            Senate during the same or preceding fiscal year to carry out 
            such activity for such fiscal year:
                        (1) The activities of the Central Intelligence 
                    Agency and the Director of Central Intelligence.
                        (2) The activities of the Defense Intelligence 
                    Agency.
                        (3) The activities of the National Security 
                    Agency.
                        (4) The intelligence activities of other 
                    agencies and subdivisions of the Department of 
                    Defense.
                        (5) The intelligence activities of the 
                    Department of State.
                        (6) The intelligence activities of the Federal 
                    Bureau of Investigation, including all activities of 
                    the Intelligence Division.
                Sec. 13. (a) The select committee shall make a study 
            with respect to the following matters, taking into 
            consideration with respect to each such matter, all relevant 
            aspects of the effectiveness of planning, gathering, use, 
            security, and dissemination of intelligence:
                        (1) the quality of the analytical capabilities 
                    of United States foreign intelligence agencies and 
                    means for integrating more closely analytical 
                    intelligence and policy formulation;
                        (2) the extent and nature of the authority of 
                    the departments and agencies of the executive branch 
                    to engage in intelligence activities and the 
                    desirability of developing charters for each 
                    intelligence agency or department;
                        (3) the organization of intelligence activities 
                    in the executive branch to maximize the 
                    effectiveness of the conduct, oversight, and 
                    accountability of intelligence activities; to reduce 
                    duplication or overlap; and to improve the morale of 
                    the personnel of the foreign intelligence agencies;
                        (4) the conduct of covert and clandestine 
                    activities and the procedures by which Congress is 
                    informed of such activities;
                        (5) the desirability of changing any law, Senate 
                    rule or procedure, or any Executive order, rule, or 
                    regulation to improve the protection of intelligence 
                    secrets and provide from disclosure of information 
                    for which there is no compelling reason for secrecy;
                        (6) the desirability of establishing a standing 
                    committee of the Senate on intelligence activities;
                        (7) the desirability of establishing a joint 
                    committee of the Senate and the House of 
                    Representatives on intelligence activities in lieu 
                    of having separate committees in each House of 
                    Congress, or of establishing procedures under which 
                    separate committees on intelligence activities of 
                    the two Houses of Congress would receive joint 
                    briefings from the intelligence agencies and 
                    coordinate their policies with respect to the 
                    safeguarding of sensitive intelligence information;
                        (8) the authorization of funds for the 
                    intelligence activities of the Government and 
                    whether disclosure of any of the amounts of such 
                    funds is in the public interest; and
                        (9) the development of a uniform set of 
                    definitions for terms to be used in policies or 
                    guidelines which may be adopted by the executive or 
                    legislative branches to govern, clarify, and 
                    strengthen the operation of intelligence activities.
                (b) The select committee may, in its discretion, omit 
            from the special study required by this section any matter 
            it determines has been adequately studied by the Select 
            Committee To Study Governmental Operations With Respect to 
            Intelligence Activities, established by Senate Resolution 
            21, Ninety-fourth Congress.
                (c) The select committee shall report the results of the 
            study provided for by this section to the Senate, together 
            with any recommendations for legislative or other actions it 
            deems appropriate, no later than July 1, 1977, and from time 
            to time thereafter as it deems appropriate.
                Sec. 14. (a) As used in this resolution, the term 
            ``intelligence activities'' includes (1) the collection, 
            analysis, production, dissemination, or use of information 
            which relates to any foreign country, or any government, 
            political group, party, military force, movement, or other 
            association in such foreign country, and which relates to 
            the defense, foreign policy, national security, or related 
            policies of the United States, and other activity which is 
            in support of such activities; (2) activities taken to 
            counter similar activities directed against the United 
            States; (3) covert or clandestine activities affecting the 
            relations of the United States with any foreign government, 
            political group, party, military force, movement or other 
            association; (4) the collection, analysis, production, 
            dissemination, or use of information about activities of 
            persons within the United States, its territories and 
            possessions, or nationals of the United States abroad whose 
            political and related activities pose, or may be considered 
            by any department, agency, bureau, office, division, 
            instrumentality, or employee of the United States to pose, a 
            threat to the internal security of the United States, and 
            covert or clandestine activities directed against such 
            persons. Such term does not include tactical foreign 
            military intelligence serving no national policymaking 
            function.
                (b) As used in this resolution, the term ``department or 
            agency'' includes any organization, committee, council, 
            establishment, or office within the Federal Government.
                (c) For purposes of this resolution, reference to any 
            department, agency, bureau, or subdivision shall include a 
            reference to any successor department, agency, bureau, or 
            subdivision to the extent that such successor engages in 
            intelligence activities now conducted by the department, 
            agency, bureau, or subdivision referred to in this 
            resolution.
                Sec. 15. (This section authorized funds for the select 
            committee for the period May 19, 1976, through Feb. 28, 
            1977.)
                Sec. 16. Nothing in this resolution shall be construed 
            as constituting acquiescence by the Senate in any practice, 
            or in the conduct of any activity, not otherwise authorized 
            by law.

            [S. Res. 400, 94-2, May 19, 1976; S. Res. 4, 95-1, Feb. 4, 
                1977.]

      79.14                EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES\1\

            Whereas the Senate supports the principle that each 
                individual is entitled to the equal protection of the 
                laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Article of Amendment 
                to the Constitution of the United States; and
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ See also rule XLII of the Standing Rules of the 
            Senate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Whereas the Senate as an employer is not compelled by law to 
                provide to its employees the protections against 
                discrimination established in the Equal Pay Act of 1963 
                or title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Now, 
                therefore, be it
                Resolved, That (a) no Member, officer, or employee of 
            the Senate shall, with respect to employment by the Senate 
            or any office thereof--
                        (1) fail or refuse to hire an individual,
                        (2) discharge an individual, or
                        (3) otherwise discriminate against an individual 
                    with respect to promotion, compensation, or terms, 
                    conditions, or privileges of employment,
            on the basis of such individual's race, color, religion, 
            sex, national origin or state of handicap.
                (b) Each Member, officer, and employee of the Senate 
            shall encourage the hiring of women and members of minority 
            groups at all levels of employment on the staffs of Members, 
            officers, and committees of the Senate.

                                     [S. Res. 534, 94-2, Sept. 8, 1976.]

      79.15          REORGANIZATION OF SENATE COMMITTEE SYSTEM\2\

                Resolved, That this resolution may be cited as the 
            ``Committee System Reorganization Amendments of 1977''.
          
                 TITLE 1--SENATE COMMITTEES; JURISDICTIONS AND SIZES

                                    * * * * * * *

      79.16                   SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON AGING

                Sec. 104. (a)(1) There is established a Special 
            Committee on Aging (hereafter in this section referred to as 
            the ``special committee'') which shall consist of 
            nineteen\3\ members. The members and chairman of the special 
            committee shall be appointed in the same manner and at the 
            same time as the members and chairman of a standing 
            committee of the Senate. After the date on which the 
            majority and minority members of the special committee are 
            initially appointed on or after the effective date of title 
            I of the Committee System Reorganization Amendments of 1977, 
            each time a vacancy occurs in the membership of the special 
            committee, the number of members of the special committee 
            shall be reduced by one until the number of members of the 
            special committee consists of nine Senators.
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                \2\Omitted portions amended the Standing Rules of the 
            Senate and various Senate resolutions, were temporary in 
            nature, or have been executed.
                \3\See paragraph 3(b) of rule XXV of the Standing Rules, 
            Senate Manual section 25.3b for current membership.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                (2)\1\ For purposes of paragraph 1 of rule XXV; 
            paragraphs 1, 7(a)(1)-(2), 9, and 10(a) of rule XXVI; and 
            paragraphs 1(a)-(d), and 2 (a) and (d) of rule XXVII of the 
            Standing Rules of the Senate; and for purposes of section 
            202 (i) and (j) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 
            1946, the special committee shall be treated as a standing 
            committee of the Senate.\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\The references in this paragraph were changed as a 
            result of the adoption of S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979; 
            and further changed as a result of the adoption of S. Res. 
            389, 96-2, Mar. 25, 1980.
                \2\As amended, S. Res. 78, 95-1, Feb. 11, 1977; S. Res. 
            376, 95-2, Mar. 6, 1978.
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                (b)(1) It shall be the duty of the special committee to 
            conduct a continuing study of any and all matters pertaining 
            to problems and opportunities of older people, including, 
            but not limited to, problems and opportunities of 
            maintaining health, of assuring adequate income, of finding 
            employment, of engaging in productive and rewarding 
            activity, of securing proper housing, and, when necessary, 
            of obtaining care or assistance. No proposed legislation 
            shall be referred to such committee, and such committee 
            shall not have power to report by bill, or otherwise have 
            legislative jurisdiction.
                (2) The special committee shall, from time to time (but 
            not less often than once each year), report to the Senate 
            the results of the study conducted pursuant to paragraph 
            (1), together with such recommendation as it considers 
            appropriate.
                (c)(1) For the purposes of this section, the special 
            committee is authorized, in its discretion, (A) to make 
            investigations into any matter within its jurisdiction, (B) 
            to make expenditures from the contingent fund of the Senate, 
            (C) to employ personnel, (D) to hold hearings, (E) to sit 
            and act at any time or place during the sessions, recesses, 
            and adjourned periods of the Senate, (F) to require, by 
            subpena or otherwise, the attendance of witnesses and the 
            production of correspondence, books, papers, and documents, 
            (G) to take depositions and other testimony, (H) to procure 
            the services of individual consultations or organizations 
            thereof, in accordance with the provisions of section 202(i) 
            of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, and (I) with 
            the prior consent of the Government department or agency 
            concerned and the Committee on Rules and Administration, to 
            use on a reimbursable basis the services of personnel of any 
            such department or agency.
                (2) The chairman of the special committee or any member 
            thereof may administer oaths to witnesses.
                (3) Subpenas authorized by the special committee may be 
            issued over the signature of the chairman, or any member of 
            the special committee designated by the chairman, and may be 
            served by any person designated by the chairman or the 
            member signing the subpena.
                (d) All records and papers of the temporary Special 
            Committee on Aging established by Senate Resolution 33, 
            Eighty-seventh Congress, are transferred to the special 
            committee.
                (e) (Executed.)

      79.17                 COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS \1\

                Sec. 105. (a)(1) There is established a temporary Select 
            Committee on Indian Affairs (hereafter in this section 
            referred to as the ``select committee'') which shall consist 
            of seven \2\ members, four to be appointed by the President 
            of the Senate, upon the recommendation of the majority 
            leader, from among members of the majority party and three 
            to be appointed by the President of the Senate, upon the 
            recommendation of the minority leader, from among the 
            members of the minority party. The select committee shall 
            select a chairman from among its members.
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                \1\ Name changed from ``Select Committee on Indian 
            Affairs'' by provision of S. Res. 71, 103-1, Feb. 24, 1993.
                \2\ See paragraph 3(c) of rule XXV of the Standing 
            Rules, Senate Manual section 25.3c, for current membership.
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                (2) A majority of the members of the committee shall 
            constitute a quorum thereof for the transaction of business, 
            except that the select committee may fix a lesser number as 
            a quorum for the purpose of taking testimony. The select 
            committee shall adopt rules of procedure not inconsistent 
            with this section and the rules of the Senate governing 
            standing committees of the Senate.
                (3) Vacancies in the membership of the select committee 
            shall not affect the authority of the remaining members to 
            execute the functions of the select committee.
                (4) For purposes of paragraph 4 \1\ of rule XXV of the 
            Standing Rules of the Senate, service of a Senator as a 
            member or chairman of the select committee shall not be 
            taken into account.
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                \1\ Changed from ``paragraph 6'' as a result of the 
            adoption of S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                (b)(1) All proposed legislation, messages, petitions, 
            memorials, and other matters relating to Indian affairs 
            shall be referred to the select committee.
                (2) It shall be the duty of the select committee to 
            conduct a study of any and all matters pertaining to 
            problems and opportunities of Indians, including but not 
            limited to, Indian land management and trust 
            responsibilities, Indian education, health, special 
            services, and loan programs, and Indian claims against the 
            United States.
                (3) The select committee shall from time to time report 
            to the Senate, by bill or otherwise, its recommendations 
            with respect to matters referred to the select committee or 
            otherwise within its jurisdiction.
                (c)(1) For the purposes of this section, the select 
            committee is authorized, in its discretion, (A) to make 
            investigations into any matter within its jurisdiction, (B) 
            to make expenditures from the contingent fund of the Senate, 
            (C) to employ personnel, (D) to hold hearings, (E) to sit 
            and act at any time or place during the sessions, recesses, 
            and adjourned periods of the Senate, (F) to require, by 
            subpena or otherwise, the attendance of witnesses and the 
            production of correspondence, books, papers, and documents, 
            (G) to take depositions and other testimony, (H) to procure 
            the services of individual consultants or organizations 
            thereof, in accordance with the provisions of section 202(i) 
            of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, and (I) with 
            the prior consent of the Government department or agency 
            concerned and the Committee on Rules and Administration, to 
            use on a reimbursable basis the services of personnel of any 
            such department or agency.
                (2) The chairman of the select committee or any member 
            thereof may administer oaths to witnesses.
                (3) Subpenas authorized by the select committee may be 
            issued over the signature of the chairman, or any member of 
            the select committee designated by the chairman, and may be 
            served by any person designated by the chairman or the 
            member signing the subpena.
                (d) The select committee shall cease to exist on January 
            2, 1984,\1\ and effective on January 3, 1984, jurisdiction 
            over the matters specified in subsection (b)(1) and the duty 
            specified in subsection (b)(2) are transferred to the 
            Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ The Senate, by unanimous consent, Nov. 18, 1983, 
            provided for the continuation of the select committee with 
            all of its jurisdictional responsibilities until July 1, 
            1984. S. Res. 127, agreed to June 6, 1984, established the 
            Select Committee on Indian Affairs as a permanent committee 
            of the Senate.
                \2\ Name changed from Committee on Human Resources to 
            Committee on Labor and Human Resources by S. Res. 30, 96-1, 
            Mar. 7, 1979. Name changed to Committee on Health, 
            Education, Labor, and Pensions by S. Res. 28, 106-1, Jan. 
            21, 1999.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    * * * * * * *

            [Sec. 105 of S. Res. 4, 95-1, Feb. 4, 1977; S. Res. 405, 95-
            2, Oct. 15, 1978; S. Res. 448, 96-2, Dec. 11, 1980; Cong. 
            Rec., Nov. 18, 1983; S. Res. 127, 98-2, June 6, 1984.]

      79.18         TITLE II--COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS; CHAIRMANSHIPS

                Sec. 201. * * *
                (f) It is the sense of the Senate that, in adopting 
            rules, each committee of the Senate should include a 
            provision to insure that assignment of Senators to 
            subcommittees will occur in an equitable fashion; namely, 
            that no member of a committee will receive assignment to a 
            second subcommittee until, in order of seniority, all 
            members of the committee have chosen assignments to one 
            subcommittee, and no member shall receive assignment to a 
            third subcommittee until, in order of seniority, all members 
            have chosen assignments to two subcommittees.

                                    * * * * * * *

      79.19           TITLE IV--SCHEDULING OF COMMITTEE MEETINGS

                Sec. 401. (a) In consultation with the Majority Leader 
            and the Minority Leader, the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration shall establish and maintain a computerized 
            schedule of all meetings of committees of the Senate and 
            subcommittees thereof, and of all meetings of joint 
            committees of the Congress and subcommittees thereof. Such 
            schedule shall be maintained online to terminals in the 
            offices of all Senators, committees of the Senate, and 
            permanent joint committees of the Congress, and shall be 
            updated immediately upon receipt of notices of meetings or 
            cancellations thereof under this section.
                (b) Each committee of the Senate, and each subcommittee 
            thereof, shall notify the office designated by the Committee 
            on Rules and Administration of each meeting of such 
            committee or subcommittee, including the time period or 
            periods (as prescribed in paragraph 6 of rule XXVI \1\ of 
            the Standing Rules of the Senate), the place, and the 
            purpose of such meeting. The Senate members of any joint 
            committee of the Congress or of a subcommittee thereof shall 
            cause notice to be given to the office designated by the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration of each meeting of 
            such joint committee or subcommittee, including the time, 
            place, and purposes of such meeting. Notice under this 
            subsection shall be given immediately upon scheduling a 
            meeting.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ Changed from ``paragraph 9 of rule XXV'' as a result 
            of the adoption of S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                (c) Each committee of the Senate, and each subcommittee 
            thereof, shall notify the office designated by the Committee 
            on Rules and Administration immediately upon the 
            cancellation of a meeting of such committee or subcommittee. 
            The Senate members of any joint committee of the Congress or 
            any subcommittee thereof shall cause notice to be given to 
            the office designated by the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration immediately upon the cancellation of a 
            meeting of such joint committee or subcommittee.
                (d) For purposes of this section, the term ``joint 
            committee of the Congress'' includes a committee of 
            conference.

                                    * * * * * * *

      79.20       TITLE V--CONTINUING REVIEW OF THE COMMITTEE SYSTEM

                Sec. 501. (a) The Committee on Rules and Administration, 
            in consultation with the Majority Leader and the Minority 
            Leader, shall review, on a continuing basis, the committee 
            system of the Senate and the Standing Rules and other rules 
            of the Senate related thereto.
                (b) During the second regular session of each Congress, 
            the Committee on Rules and Administration shall submit to 
            the Senate a report of the results of its review under 
            subsection (a) during that Congress. Such report shall 
            include its recommendations (if any) for changes in the 
            committee system of the Senate and the Standing Rules and 
            other rules of the Senate related thereto. The Committee on 
            Rules and Administration may submit, from time to time, such 
            other reports and recommendations with respect to such 
            committee system and rules as it deems appropriate.
                (c) The Committee on Rules and Administration, the 
            Majority Leader, and the Minority Leader may request the 
            Secretary for the Majority and the Secretary for the 
            Minority to provide assistance in carrying out their duties 
            and responsibilities under this section.

                                    * * * * * * *

                                        [S. Res. 4, 95-1, Feb. 4, 1977.]

      79.21                SENIOR CITIZEN INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

                Resolved, That (a) each Senator is authorized to employ 
            for not more than fourteen consecutive days each year during 
            the month of May a senior citizen intern or interns to serve 
            in his office in Washington, District of Columbia.
                (b) To be eligible to serve as a senior citizen intern 
            an individual shall certify to the Secretary of the Senate 
            that he has attained the age of sixty years, is a bona fide 
            resident of the State of his employing Senator, and is a 
            citizen of the United States.
                (c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), for purposes 
            of payment of compensation and travel expenses, senior 
            citizen interns employed pursuant to this resolution shall 
            be subject to the same limitations and restrictions 
            applicable to Senators and Senate employees.
                (2) An outside vendor may provide for the travel and per 
            diem expenses only of senior citizen interns in the Senior 
            Citizen Intern Program subject to approval by the Committee 
            on Rules and Administration. Documentation provided by such 
            vendor may be accepted as official travel expense 
            documentation for the purpose of reimbursing interns in the 
            program for travel expenses.
                Sec. 2. Compensation and payment under this resolution 
            shall be paid from and charged against the clerk-hire and 
            travel allowances of the Senator employing such senior 
            citizen intern.
                Sec. 3. The Committee on Rules and Administration is 
            authorized to prescribe such rules and regulations as it 
            determines necessary to carry out this resolution.

            [S. Res. 219, 95-2, May 5, 1978, S. Res. 96, 102-1, Apr. 24, 
                                                                  1991.]

      79.22  
            transportation costs and travel expenses incurred by members 
                and employees of the senate when engaged in authorized 
                foreign travel

                Resolved, That until otherwise provided by law or 
            resolution of the Senate, the contingent fund of the Senate 
            is made available, as provided in this resolution, to defray 
            the costs of transportation and the ordinary and necessary 
            travel expenses of Members and employees of the Senate when 
            engaged in authorized foreign travel. The Secretary of the 
            Senate is authorized to advance funds, under authority of 
            this resolution, in the same manner provided for committees 
            of the Senate under the authority of Public Law 118, Eighty-
            first Congress, approved June 22, 1949.
                Sec. 2. (a) Transportation costs and ordinary and 
            necessary travel expenses incurred by a Member or employee 
            engaged in authorized foreign travel shall be paid upon 
            certification of such Member or employee, and upon vouchers 
            approved by the Senator who authorized such foreign travel.
                (b) Transportation costs and ordinary and necessary 
            travel expenses which are incurred for a group of Members or 
            employees engaged in authorized foreign travel shall be paid 
            upon certification of the Member who is chairman of such 
            group (or, if no chairman has been designated, upon 
            certification of the ranking Member of such group) or, if 
            the group does not include a Member, upon certification of 
            the senior employee in such group, and upon vouchers 
            approved by the Senator who authorized such foreign travel.
                (c) The reports of the Secretary of the Senate setting 
            forth amounts paid from the contingent fund under authority 
            of this resolution shall, at the request of the chairman of 
            the Select Committee on Intelligence, omit any matter which 
            would identify the foreign countries in which Members and 
            employees of the Select Committee traveled on behalf of the 
            Select Committee.
                Sec. 3. Payment of transportation costs and ordinary and 
            necessary travel expenses may not be paid under this 
            resolution to the extent that appropriated funds or foreign 
            currencies under section 502(b) of the Mutual Security Act 
            of 1954 are utilized to defray such costs and expenses. Such 
            funds and currencies shall be used to the maximum extent 
            possible.
                Sec. 4. For purposes of this resolution--
                        (1) The term ``foreign travel'' means travel 
                    outside the United States and includes travel within 
                    the United States which is the beginning or end of 
                    travel outside the United States.
                        (2) The term ``authorized foreign travel'' means 
                    foreign travel on official business on behalf of the 
                    Senate or a committee of the Senate which is 
                    authorized--
                                (A) in the case of foreign travel on 
                            behalf of the Senate, by the President pro 
                            tempore, Majority Leader, or Minority Leader 
                            of the Senate; and
                                (B) in the case of foreign travel on 
                            behalf of a committee of the Senate, by the 
                            chairman of that committee.
                        (3) The term ``committee of the Senate'' 
                    includes all standing, select, and special 
                    committees of the Senate and all joint committees of 
                    the Congress whose funds are disbursed by the 
                    Secretary of the Senate.
                        (4) The term ``employee of the Senate'' includes 
                    an individual (other than a Member) whose salary is 
                    disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or who is 
                    treated as an employee of the Senate for purposes of 
                    the Senate Code of Official Conduct.
                        (5) The term ``ordinary and necessary travel 
                    expenses'' includes, in the case of a group of 
                    Members engaged in authorized foreign travel, such 
                    special expenses as the chairman (or, if there is no 
                    chairman, the ranking Member) deems appropriate, 
                    including, to the extent not otherwise provided, 
                    reimbursements to any agency of the Government for 
                    (A) expenses incurred on behalf of the group, (B) 
                    compensation (including overtime) of employees of 
                    such agency officially detailed to the group, and 
                    (C) expenses incurred in connection with providing 
                    appropriate hospitality.

                                      [S. Res. 179, 95-1, May 25, 1977.]

      79.23   DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED FOR REIMBURSEMENTS OUT OF SENATORS' 
                          OFFICIAL OFFICE EXPENSE ACCOUNTS

                Resolved, That (a) no payments or reimbursements for 
            expenses shall be made from the contingent fund of the 
            Senate, unless the vouchers presented for such expenses are 
            accompanied by supporting documentation.
                (b) The Committee on Rules and Administration is 
            authorized to promulgate regulations to carry out the 
            purpose of this resolution and to except specific vouchers 
            from the requirements of subsection (a) of this resolution.
                (c) This resolution shall apply with respect to vouchers 
            submitted for payment or reimbursement on and after October 
            1, 1987, or upon the adoption of this resolution if such 
            adoption occurs at a later date.
                (d) Senate Resolution 170, 96th Congress (agreed to 
            August 2, 1979), is repealed as of October 1, 1987, or upon 
            adoption of this resolution if such adoption occurs at a 
            later date. Any regulations adopted by the Committee on 
            Rules and Administration to implement Senate Resolution 170 
            shall remain in effect, after the repeal of Senate 
            Resolution 170, until modified or repealed by such 
            committee, and shall be held and considered to be 
            regulations adopted to implement this resolution.

            [S. Res. 258, 100-1, Oct. 1, 1987.]

      79.24     INTERPARLIAMENTARY ACTIVITIES AND RECEPTION OF CERTAIN 
                                  FOREIGN OFFICIALS

                Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Relations is 
            authorized from March 1, 1981, until otherwise provided by 
            law, to expend not to exceed $25,000 each fiscal year to 
            assist the Senate properly to discharge and coordinate its 
            activities and responsibilities in connection with 
            participation in various interparliamentary institutions and 
            to facilitate the interchange and reception in the United 
            States of members of foreign legislative bodies and 
            prominent officials of foreign governments and 
            intergovernmental organizations.
                Sec. 2. The Secretary of the Senate is authorized and 
            directed to pay from the contingent fund of the Senate the 
            actual and necessary expenses incurred in connection with 
            activities authorized by this resolution and approved in 
            advance by the chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
            Relations upon vouchers certified by the Senator incurring 
            such expenses and approved by the chairman.

            [S. Res. 247, 87-2, Feb. 7, 1962; S. Res. 91, 94-1, Mar. 18, 
            1975; S. Res. 281, 96-2, Mar. 11, 1980.]

      79.25  
            relative to contributions for costs of civil, criminal, or 
                other legal investigations of members, officers, or 
                employees of the senate

                Resolved, That nothing in the provisions of the Standing 
            Rules of the Senate shall be construed to limit 
            contributions to defray investigative, civil, criminal, or 
            other legal expenses of Members, officers, or employees of 
            the Senate relating to their service in the United States 
            Senate, subject to limitations, regulations, procedures, and 
            reporting requirements which shall be promulgated by the 
            Select Committee on Ethics. Nothing in the provisions of the 
            Standing Rules of the Senate shall be construed to limit 
            contributions to defray the legal expenses of the spouses or 
            dependents of Members, officers, or employees of the Senate.

            [S. Res. 508, 96-2, Sept. 4, 1980.]

      79.27  
            restrictions on certain expenses payable or reimbursable 
                from a senator's official office expense account

                Resolved, That except for section 3, this resolution 
            applies only to payments and reimbursements from the 
            contingent fund of the Senate under paragraphs (5) and (9) 
            of section 506(a) of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 
            1973 (2 U.S.C. 58(a)). For purposes of such paragraphs, the 
            terms ``official office expenses'' and ``other official 
            expenses'' mean ordinary and necessary business expenses 
            incurred by a Senator and his staff in the discharge of 
            their official duties.
                Sec. 2. Reimbursements and payments from the contingent 
            fund of the Senate under paragraphs (5) and (9) of section 
            506(a) of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1973 (2 
            U.S.C. 58(a)) shall not be made for:
                        (1) commuting expenses, including parking fees 
                    incurred in commuting;
                        (2) expenses incurred for the purchase of 
                    holiday greeting cards, flowers, trophies, awards, 
                    and certificates;
                        (3) donations or gifts of any type, except gifts 
                    of flags which have been flown over the United 
                    States Capitol, copies of the book ``We, the 
                    People'', and copies of the calendar ``We The 
                    People'' published by the United States Capitol 
                    Historical Society.
                        (4) dues or assessments;
                        (5) expenses incurred for the purchases of radio 
                    or television time, or for space in newspaper or 
                    other print media (except classified advertising for 
                    personnel to be employed in a Senator's office);
                        (6) expenses incurred by an individual who is 
                    not an employee (except as specifically authorized 
                    by subsections (e) and (h) of such section 506);
                        (7) travel expenses incurred by an employee 
                    which are not reimbursable under subsection (e) of 
                    such section 506;
                        (8) relocation expenses incurred by an employee 
                    in connection with the commencement or termination 
                    of employment or a change of duty station; and
                        (9) compensation paid to an individual for 
                    personal services performed in a normal employer-
                    employee relationship.
                Sec. 3. Payment of or reimbursement for the following 
            expenses is specifically prohibited by law and 
            reimbursements and payments from the contingent fund of the 
            Senate shall not be made therefor:
                        (1) expenses incurred for entertainment or meals 
                    (2 U.S.C. 58(a));
                        (2) payment of additional salary or compensation 
                    to an employee (2 U.S.C. 68); and
                        (3) expenses incurred for maintenance or care of 
                    private vehicles (Legislative Branch Appropriation 
                    Acts).
                Sec. 4. This resolution shall apply with respect to 
            expenses incurred on or after the date on which this 
            resolution is agreed to.

            [S. Res. 294, 96-2, Apr. 29, 1980; S. Res. 176, 104-1, Sept. 
                                                              28, 1995.]

      79.28  TELEVISION AND RADIO BROADCAST OF SENATE CHAMBER PROCEEDINGS 
                                         \1\

                Resolved, That (a) the Senate hereby authorizes and 
            directs that there be both television and radio broadcast 
            coverage (together with videotape and audio recordings) of 
            proceedings in the Senate Chamber.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ Omitted sections amended Standing Rules of the 
            Senate, and are reflected in Senate Manual sections 1-43.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                (b) Such broadcast coverage shall be--
                        (1) provided in accordance with provisions of 
                    this resolution;
                        (2) provided continuously, except for any time 
                    when the Senate is conducting a quorum call, or when 
                    a meeting with closed doors is ordered; and
                        (3) provided subject to the provisions 
                    pertaining to the Senate gallery contained in the 
                    following Standing Rules of the Senate: rule XIX, 
                    paragraphs 6 and 7; rule XXV, paragraph 1(n); and 
                    rule XXXIII, paragraph 2.
                Sec. 2. The radio and television broadcast of Senate 
            proceedings shall be supervised and operated by the Senate.
                Sec. 3. The television broadcast of Senate proceedings 
            shall follow the Presiding Officer and Senators who are 
            speaking, clerks, and the chaplain except during rollcall 
            votes when the television cameras shall show the entire 
            Chamber.
                Sec. 4. (a) The broadcast coverage by radio and 
            television of the proceedings of the Senate shall be 
            implemented as provided in this section.
                (b) The Architect of the Capitol, in consultation with 
            the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate, shall--
                        (1) construct necessary broadcasting facilities 
                    for both radio and television (including a control 
                    room and the modification of Senate sound and 
                    lighting fixtures);
                        (2) employ necessary expert consultants; and
                        (3) acquire and install all necessary equipment 
                    and facilities to (A) produce a broadcast-quality 
                    ``live'' audio and color video signal of such 
                    proceedings, and (B) provide an archive-quality 
                    audio and color video tape recording of such 
                    proceedings:
            Provided, That the Architect of the Capitol, in carrying out 
            the duties specified in clauses (1) through (3) of this 
            subsection, shall not enter into any contract for the 
            purchase or installation of equipment, for employment of any 
            consultant, or for the provision of training to any person, 
            unless the same shall first have been approved by the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration.
                (c)(1) \1\ The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate shall--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ As amended, S. Res. 459, 100-2, Sept. 14, 1988.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        (A) employ such staff as may be necessary, 
                    working in conjunction with the Senate Recording and 
                    Photographic Studios, to operate and maintain all 
                    broadcast audio and color video equipment installed 
                    pursuant to this resolution;
                        (B) make audio and video tape recordings, and 
                    copies thereof as requested by the Secretary under 
                    paragraph (2) of Senate proceedings; and
                        (C) retain for 30 session-days after the day any 
                    Senate proceedings took place, such recordings 
                    thereof, and as soon thereafter as possible, 
                    transmit to the Secretary of the Senate copies of 
                    such recordings.
            The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate, in 
            carrying out the duties specified in subgragraphs (A) and 
            (B), shall comply with appropriate Senate procurement and 
            other regulations.
                (2) The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to obtain 
            from the Sergeant at Arms archival quality video recordings 
            of Senate proceedings and, as soon thereafter as possible, 
            transmit such recordings to the Librarian of Congress and to 
            the Archivist of the United States.
                Sec. 5. (a) Radio coverage of Senate proceedings shall--
                        (1) begin as soon as the necessary equipment has 
                    been installed; and
                        (2) be provided continuously at all times when 
                    the Senate is in session (or is meeting in Committee 
                    of the Whole), except for any time when a meeting 
                    with closed doors is ordered.
                (b) As soon as practicable but no later than May 1, 
            there shall begin a test period during which tests of radio 
            and television coverage of Senate proceedings shall be 
            conducted by the staffs of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration and of the Office of the Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper of the Senate. Television coverage of Senate 
            proceedings shall go live June 1, 1986. The test period 
            aforementioned shall end on July 15, 1986.
                (c) During such test period--
                        (1) final procedures for camera direction 
                    control shall be established;
                        (2) television coverage of Senate proceedings 
                    shall not be transmittted between May 1st and June 
                    1st, except that, at the direction of the chairman 
                    of the Committee on Rules and Administration, such 
                    coverage may be transmitted over the coaxial cable 
                    system of the Architect of the Capitol; and
                        (3) recording of Senate proceedings shall be 
                    retained by the Secretary of the Senate.
                Sec. 6.\1\ (a) The use of any tape duplication of radio 
            or television coverage of the proceedings of the Senate for 
            political campaign purposes is strictly prohibited.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ As amended, S. Res. 431, 100-2, June 7, 1988.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                (b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), any tape 
            duplication of radio or television coverage of the 
            proceedings of the Senate furnished to any person or 
            organization shall be made on the condition, agreed to in 
            writing, that the tape duplication shall not be used for 
            political campaign purposes.
                (2) Any public or commercial news organization furnished 
            a tape duplication described in paragraph (1) shall be 
            subject to the provisions of paragraph (1) but shall not be 
            required to enter into a written agreement.
                Sec. 7. Any changes in the regulations made by this 
            resolution shall be made only by Senate resolution. However, 
            the Committee on Rules and Administration may adopt such 
            procedures and such regulations, which do not contravene the 
            regulations made by this resolution, as it deems necessary 
            to assure the proper implementation of the purposes of this 
            resolution.
                Sec. 8. Such funds as may be necessary (but not in 
            excess of $3,500,000) to carry out this resolution shall be 
            expended from the contingent fund of the Senate.

                                    * * * * * * *

                Sec. 14. Provided, that if the Senate authorizes the 
            permanent televising of the Senate pursuant to section 15, 
            that radio and television coverage of the Senate shall be 
            made available on a ``live'' basis and free of charge to (1) 
            any accredited member of the Senate Radio and Television 
            Correspondents Gallery, (2) the coaxial cable system of the 
            Architect of the Capitol, and (3) such other news gathering, 
            educational, or information distributing entity as may be 
            authorized by the Committee on Rules and Administration to 
            receive such broadcasts.
                Sec. 15. Television coverage of the Senate shall cease 
            at the close of business July 15, 1986, and television 
            coverage of the Senate and the rules changes contained 
            herein shall continue, if the Senate agrees to the question, 
            which shall be put one hour after the Senate convenes on 
            July 29, 1986, ``Shall radio and television coverage 
            continue after this date, and shall the rules changes 
            contained herein continue?''.\1\ There shall be twelve hours 
            of debate on this question, to be equally divided and 
            controlled in the usual form, at the end of which any 
            Senator may propose as an alternative the question, ``Shall 
            the test period continue for thirty days?''. On this 
            question there shall be one hour of debate, equally divided 
            and controlled in the usual form. If this question is 
            decided in the affirmative, then thirty days hence, one hour 
            after the Senate convenes, the Senate shall proceed to vote 
            without intervening action on the question, ``Shall radio 
            and television coverage continue after this date and shall 
            the rules changes contained herein continue?''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ Pursuant to this provision, the question was 
            considered and decided in the affirmative by a vote of 78-
            21. See Daily Cong. Rec., 99th Cong., 2d sess., July 29, 
            1986, pp. 9750-9775.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Sec. 16. Provided, that official noting of a Senator's 
            absence from committees while the Senate is on television is 
            prohibited.

            [S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986.]

                Sec. 17. The Secretary of the Senate shall, subject to 
            the approval of the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration, contract with the Secretary of Education to 
            provide closed captioning of the Senate floor proceedings. 
            The Senate authorizes the Secretary of Education to have 
            access to the audio and video broadcast of the Senate floor 
            proceedings for the purpose of captioning. Such funds as may 
            be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section are 
            authorized to be paid from the contingent fund of the 
            Senate.

            [S. Res. 13, 101-1, June 21, 1989.]

                Resolved, That, notwithstanding any other provision of 
            S. Res. 28, agreed to February 27, 1986, television coverage 
            of the Senate shall resume July 21, 1986 under the same 
            basis as provided during the live test period under section 
            5 of S. Res. 28 unless the Senate votes pursuant to section 
            15 of S. Res. 28 to end coverage.

            [S. Res. 444, 99-2, July 15, 1986.]

      79.29                      OFFICIAL SENATE FLAG

                Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate is authorized 
            and directed to design an official Senate flag utilizing the 
            seal of the Senate as the principal symbol on such flag. 
            Expenses incident to the designing and procurement of such 
            flag shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate 
            upon vouchers signed by the Secretary of the Senate.
                Sec. 2. The Senate flag shall be available for purchase 
            and use by Senators, or former Senators, only subject to the 
            following conditions--
                        (1) purchase of the flag shall be limited to--
                                (A) two flags for each Senator, or 
                            former Senator, subject to replacement for 
                            loss, destruction, or wear and tear;
                                (B) two flags for each Senate committee, 
                            as determined by the chairman and ranking 
                            member, subject to replacement for loss, 
                            destruction, or wear and tear; and
                                (C) two flags for each officer of the 
                            Senate, subject to replacement for loss, 
                            destruction, or wear and tear; and
                        (2) the flag shall not be utilized or displayed 
                    for commercial purposes.
            Senators who leave the Senate may retain their flags subject 
            to the preceding restrictions.

            [S. Res. 369, 98-2, Sept. 7, 1984; S. Res. 135, 101-1, June 
                2, 1989.]

      79.30             VOTES SHALL BE CAST FROM ASSIGNED DESK

                Resolved, That it is a standing order of the Senate that 
            during yea and nay votes in the Senate, each Senator shall 
            vote from the assigned desk of the Senator.

                                     [S. Res. 480, 98-2, Oct. 11, 1984.]

      79.31                    OFFICE OF SENATE SECURITY

                Resolved, That (a) there is established, within the 
            Office of the Secretary of the Senate (hereinafter referred 
            to as the ``Secretary''), the Office of Senate Security 
            (hereinafter referred to as the ``Office''), which shall be 
            headed by a Director of Senate Security (hereinafter 
            referred to as the ``Director''). The Office shall be under 
            the policy direction of the Majority and Minority Leaders of 
            the Senate, and shall be under the administrative direction 
            and supervision of the Secretary.
                (b)(1) The Director shall be appointed by the Secretary 
            after consultation with the Majority and Minority Leaders. 
            The Secretary shall fix the compensation of the Director. 
            Any appointment under this subsection shall be made solely 
            on the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the 
            position and without regard to political affiliation.
                (2) The Director, with the approval of the Secretary, 
            and after consultation with the Chairman and Ranking Member 
            of the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, 
            may establish such policies and procedures as may be 
            necessary to carry out the provisions of this resolution. 
            Commencing one year from the effective date of this 
            resolution, the Director shall submit an annual report to 
            the Majority and Minority Leaders and the Chairman and 
            Ranking Member of the Committee on Rules and Administration 
            on the status of security matters and the handling of 
            classified information in the Senate, and the progress of 
            the Office in achieving the mandates of this resolution.
                Sec. 2. (a) The Secretary shall appoint and fix the 
            compensation of such personnel as may be necessary to carry 
            out the provisions of this resolution. The Director, with 
            the approval of the Secretary, shall prescribe the duties 
            and responsibilities of such personnel. If a Director is not 
            appointed, the Office shall be headed by an Acting Director. 
            The Secretary shall appoint and fix the compensation of the 
            Acting Director.
                (b) The Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate may 
            each designate a Majority staff assistant and a Minority 
            staff assistant to serve as their liaisons to the Office. 
            Upon such designation, the Secretary shall appoint and fix 
            the compensation of the Majority and Minority liaison 
            assistants.
                Sec. 3. (a) The Office is authorized, and shall have the 
            responsibility, to develop, establish, and carry out 
            policies and procedures with respect to such matters as:
                        (1) the receipt, control, transmission, storage, 
                    destruction or other handling of classified 
                    information addressed to the United States Senate, 
                    the President of the Senate, or Members and 
                    employees of the Senate;
                        (2) the processing of security clearance 
                    requests and renewals for officers and employees of 
                    the Senate;
                        (3) establishing and maintaining a current and 
                    centralized record of security clearances held by 
                    officers and employees of the Senate, and developing 
                    recommendations for reducing the number of 
                    clearances held by such employees;
                        (4) consulting and presenting briefings on 
                    security matters and the handling of classified 
                    information for the benefit of Members and employees 
                    of the Senate;
                        (5) maintaining an active liaison on behalf of 
                    the Senate, or any committee thereof, with all 
                    departments and agencies of the United States on 
                    security matters; and
                        (6) conducting periodic review of the practices 
                    and procedures employed by all offices of the Senate 
                    for the handling of classified information.
                (b) Within 180 days after the Director takes office, he 
            shall develop, after consultation with the Secretary, a 
            Senate Security Manual, to be printed and distributed to all 
            Senate offices. The Senate Security Manual will prescribe 
            the policies and procedures of the Office, and set forth 
            regulations for all other Senate offices for the handling of 
            classified information. [Executed.]
                (c) Within 90 days after taking office, the Director 
            shall conduct a survey to determine the number of officers 
            and employees of the Senate that have security clearances 
            and report the findings of the survey to the Majority and 
            Minority Leaders and Secretary of the Senate together with 
            recommendations regarding the feasibility of reducing the 
            number of employees with such clearances.
                (d) The Office shall have authority--
                        (1) to provide appropriate facilities in the 
                    United States Capitol for hearings of committees of 
                    the Senate at which restricted data or other 
                    classified information is to be presented or 
                    discussed;
                        (2) to establish and operate a central 
                    repository in the United States Capitol for the 
                    safeguarding of classified information for which the 
                    Office is responsible; which shall include the 
                    classified records, transcripts, and materials of 
                    all closed sessions of the Senate; and
                        (3) to administer and maintain oaths of secrecy 
                    under paragraph (2) of rule XXIX of the Standing 
                    Rules of the Senate and to establish such procedures 
                    as may be necessary to implement the provisions of 
                    such paragraph.
                Sec. 4. Funds appropriated for the fiscal year 1987 
            which would be available to carry out the purposes of the 
            Interim Office of Senate Security\1\ but for the termination 
            of such Office shall be available for the Office of Senate 
            Security.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ S. Res. 229, 100-1, June 5, 1987, established an 
            Interim Office of Senate Security to which all documents, 
            facilities and functions of the Office of Classified 
            National Security Information were transferred for the 
            period June 6 to July 10, 1987. See Senate Manual section 
            276.
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                Sec. 5. (a) All records, documents, data, materials, 
            rooms, and facilities in the custody of the Interim Office 
            of Senate Security at the time of its termination on July 
            10, 1987, are transferred to the Office established by 
            subsection (a) of the first section of this resolution.
                (b) This resolution shall take effect on July 11, 1987.

                                     [S. Res. 243, 100-1, July 1, 1987.]

      79.32                         DEBT COLLECTION

                Resolved, That, for purposes of subchapters I and II of 
            chapter 37 of title 31, United States Code (relating to 
            claims of or against the United States Government), the 
            United States Senate shall be considered to be a legislative 
            agency (as defined in section 3701(a)(4) of such title), and 
            the Secretary of the Senate shall be deemed to be the head 
            of such legislative agency.
                Sec. 2. Regulations prescribed by the Secretary pursuant 
            to section 3716 of title 31, United States Code, shall not 
            become effective until they are approved by the Senate 
            Committee on Rules and Administration.

                                    [S. Res. 147, 101-1, June 20, 1989.]

                               TORT CLAIMS PROCEDURES

      79.33      Resolved, That the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, in 
            accordance with regulations prescribed by the Attorney 
            General and such regulations as the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration may prescribe, may consider and ascertain 
            and, with the approval of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration, determine, compromise, adjust, and settle, 
            in accordance with the provisions of chapter 171 of title 
            28, United States Code, any claim for money damages against 
            the United States for injury of loss of property or personal 
            injury or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or 
            omission of any Member, officer, or employee of the Senate 
            while acting within the scope of his office or employment, 
            under circumstances where the United States, if a private 
            person, would be liable to the claimant in accordance with 
            the law of the place where the act or omission occurred. The 
            Committee on Rules and Administration may, from time to 
            time, delegate any or all of its authority under this 
            resolution to the chairman. Any compromise, adjustment, or 
            settlement of any such claim not exceeding $2,500 shall be 
            paid from the contingent fund of the Senate on a voucher 
            approved by the chairman of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration.
                Sec. 2. The Committee on Rules and Administration is 
            authorized to issue such regulations as it may determine 
            necessary to carry out the provisions of this resolution.

                                     [S. Res. 492, 97-2, Dec. 10, 1982.]

                 ACCEPTANCE OF GIFTS BY THE COMMITTEE ON RULES AND 
                                   ADMINISTRATION

      79.34      Sec. 4. The Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration, on behalf of the Senate, may accept a gift 
            if the gift does not involve any duty, burden, or condition, 
            or is not made dependent upon some future performance by the 
            United States Senate. The Committee on Rules and 
            Administration is authorized to promulgate regulations to 
            carry out this section.

            [S. Res. 158, 104-1, July 28, 1995, effective Jan. 1, 1996.]

                       DESIGNATION OF THE JEFFERSON DAVIS DESK

      79.35      Resolved, That during the One Hundred Fourth Congress 
            and each Congress thereafter, the desk located within the 
            Senate Chamber and used by Senator Jefferson Davis shall, at 
            the request of the senior Senator from the State of 
            Mississippi, be assigned to such Senator, for use in 
            carrying out his or her senatorial duties during that 
            Senator's term of office.

            [S. Res. 161, 104-1, Aug. 8, 1995.]

      79.36    ACCEPTANCE OF PRO BONO LEGAL SERVICES BY A MEMBER OF THE 
                                       SENATE

                Resolved, That (a) notwithstanding the provisions of the 
            Standing Rules of the Senate or Senate Resolution 508, 
            adopted by the Senate on September 4, 1980, pro bono legal 
            services provided to a Member of the Senate with respect to 
            a civil action challenging the validity of a Federal statute 
            that expressly authorizes a Member to file an action--
                        (1) shall not be deemed a gift to the Member;
                        (2) shall not be deemed to be a contribution to 
                    the office account of the Member; and
                        (3) shall not require the establishment of a 
                    legal expense trust fund.
                (b) The Select Committee on Ethics shall establish 
            regulations providing for the public disclosure of 
            information relating to pro bono legal services performed as 
            authorized by this resolution.

                                     [S. Res. 321, 104-2, Oct. 3, 1996.]

      79.37  TO PERMIT AN INDIVIDUAL WITH A DISABILITY WITH ACCESS TO THE 
            SENATE FLOOR TO BRING NECESSARY SUPPORTING AIDS AND SERVICES

                Resolved, That an individual with a disability who has 
            or is granted the privilege of the Senate floor under rule 
            XXIII of the Standing Rules of the Senate may bring 
            necessary supporting aids and services (including service 
            dogs, wheelchairs, and interpreters) on the Senate floor, 
            unless the Senate Sergeant at Arms determines that the use 
            of such supporting aids and services would place a 
            significant difficulty or expense on the operations of the 
            Senate in accordance with paragraph 2 of rule 4 of the Rules 
            for Regulation of the Senate Wing of the United States 
            Capitol.

                                    [S. Res. 110, 105-1, July 31, 1997.]

      79.38      SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON THE YEAR 2000 TECHNOLOGY PROBLEM

            Sec. 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE
              (a) Establishment.--There is established a special 
            committee of the Senate to be known as the Special Committee 
            on the Year 2000 Technology Problem (hereafter in this 
            resolution referred to as the ``special committee'').
              (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the special committee is--
                (1) to study the impact of the year 2000 technology 
            problem on the Executive and Judicial Branches of the 
            Federal Government, State governments, and private sector 
            operations in the United States and abroad;
                (2) to make such findings of fact as are warranted and 
            appropriate; and
                (3) to make such recommendations, including 
            recommendations for new legislation and amendments to 
            existing laws and any administrative or other actions, as 
            the special committee may determine to be necessary or 
            desirable.

            No proposed legislation shall be referred to the special 
            committee, and the committee shall not have power to report 
            by bill, or otherwise have legislative jurisdiction.
              (c) Treatment as Standing Committee.--For purposes of 
            paragraphs 1, 2, 7(a)(1)-(2), and 10(a) of rule XXVI and 
            rule XXVII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, and section 
            202 (i) and (j) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 
            1946, the special committee shall be treated as a standing 
            committee of the Senate.
            Sec. 2. MEMBERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE
              (a) Membership.--
                (1) In general.--The special committee shall consist of 
            7 members of the Senate--
                (A) 4 of whom shall be appointed by the President pro 
            tempore of the Senate from the majority party of the Senate 
            upon the recommendation of the Majority Leader of the 
            Senate; and
                (B) 3 of whom shall be appointed by the President pro 
            tempore of the Senate from the minority party of the Senate 
            upon the recommendation of the Minority Leader of the 
            Senate.

            The Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the 
            Appropriations Committee shall be appointed ex-offico 
            members.
                (2) Vacancies.--Vacancies in the membership of the 
            special committee shall not affect the authority of the 
            remaining members to execute the functions of the special 
            committee and shall be filled in the same manner as original 
            appointments to it are made.
                (3) Service.--For the purpose of paragraph 4 of rule XXV 
            of the Standing Rules of the Senate, service of a Senator as 
            a member, chairman, or vice chairman of the special 
            committee shall not be taken into account.
              (b) Chairman.--The chairman of the special committee shall 
            be selected by the Majority Leader of the Senate and the 
            vice chairman of the special committee shall be selected by 
            the Minority Leader of the Senate. The vice chairman shall 
            discharge such responsibilities as the special committee or 
            the chairman may assign.
            Sec. 3. AUTHORITY OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE
                (a) In General.--For the purposes of this resolution, 
            the special committee is authorized, in its discretion--
                (1) to make expenditures from the contingent fund of the 
            Senate;
                (2) to employ personnel;
                (3) to hold hearings;
                (4) to sit and act at any time or place during the 
            sessions, recesses, and adjourned periods of the Senate;
                (5) to require, by subpoena or otherwise, the attendance 
            of witnesses and the production of correspondence, books, 
            papers, and documents;
                (6) to take depositions and other testimony;
                (7) to procure the services of individual consultations 
            or organizations thereof, in accordance with the provisions 
            of section 202(i) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 
            1946; and
                (8) with the prior consent of the Government department 
            or agency concerned and the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration, to use on a nonreimbursable basis the 
            services of personnel of any such department or agency.
              (b) Oaths for Witnesses.--The chairman of the special 
            committee or any member thereof may administer oaths to 
            witnesses.
              (c) Subpoenas.--Subpoenas authorized by the special 
            committee may be issued over the signature of the chairman 
            after consultation with the vice chairman, or any member of 
            the special committee designated by the chairman after 
            consultation with the vice chairman, and may be served by 
            any person designated by the chairman or the member signing 
            the subpoena.
              (d) Other Committee Staff.--The special committee may use, 
            with the prior consent of the chairman of any other Senate 
            committee or the chairman of any subcommittee of any 
            committee of the Senate and on a nonreimbuseable basis, the 
            facilities or services of any members of the staff of such 
            other Senate committee whenever the special committee or its 
            chairman, following consultation with the vice chairman, 
            considers that such action is necessary or appropriate to 
            enable the special committee to make the investigation and 
            study provided for in this resolution.
              (e) Use of Office Space.--The staff of the special 
            committee may be located in the personal office of a Member 
            of the special committee.
            Sec. 4. REPORT AND TERMINATION
              The special committee shall report its findings, together 
            with such recommendations as it deems advisable, to the 
            Senate at the earliest practicable date.
            Sec. 5. FUNDING
              (a) In General.--From the date this resolution is agreed 
            to through February 29, 2000, the expenses of the special 
            committee incurred under this resolution shall not exceed 
            $575,000 for the period beginning on the date of adoption of 
            this resolution through February 28, 1999, and $575,000 for 
            the period of March 1, 1999 through February 29, 2000, of 
            which amount not to exceed $200,000 shall be available for 
            each period for the procurement of the services of 
            individual consultants, or organizations thereof, as 
            authorized by section 202(i) of the Legislative 
            Reorganization Act of 1946.
              (b) Payment of Benefits.--The retirement and health 
            benefits of employees of the special committee shall be paid 
            out of the contingent fund of the Senate.

                                     [S. Res. 208, 105-2, Apr. 2, 1998.]

      79.39               DESIGNATION OF THE HENRY CLAY DESK

                Resolved, That during the One Hundred Sixth Congress and 
            each Congress thereafter, the desk located within the Senate 
            Chamber and used by Senator Henry Clay shall, at the request 
            of the senior Senator from the State of Kentucky, be 
            assigned to that Senator for use in carrying out his or her 
            senatorial duties during that Senator's term of office.

                                     [S. Res. 89, 106-1, Apr. 28, 1999.]
            ------------------------------------------------------------

            RULES FOR REGULATION OF THE SENATE WING OF THE UNITED STATES 
                       CAPITOL AND SENATE OFFICE BUILDINGS \1\

            ------------------------------------------------------------

               [Adopted by the Committee on Rules and Administration 
            pursuant to rule XXXIII of the Standing Rules of the Senate]

        80                             RULE I

                                  SERGEANT AT ARMS

                The Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, under the direction 
            of the Presiding Officer, shall be the Executive Officer of 
            the body for the enforcement of all rules made by the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration for the regulation of 
            the Senate wing of the Capitol and the Senate Office 
            Buildings. The Senate floor shall be at all times under his 
            immediate supervision, and he shall see that the various 
            subordinate officers of his department perform the duties to 
            which they are especially assigned.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ Title changed effective June 22, 1998.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                The Sergeant at Arms shall see that the messengers 
            assigned to the doors upon the Senate floor are at their 
            posts and that the floor, cloakrooms, and lobby are cleared 
            at least five minutes before the opening of daily sessions 
            of all persons not entitled to remain there. In the absence 
            of the Sergeant at Arms the duties of his office, so far as 
            they pertain to the enforcement of the rules, shall devolve 
            upon the Deputy Sergeant at Arms.

        81                             RULE II

                          MAJORITY AND MINORITY SECRETARIES

                The secretary for the majority and the secretary for the 
            minority shall be assigned, during the daily sessions of the 
            Senate, to duty upon the Senate floor.

        82                            RULE III

                              USE OF THE SENATE CHAMBER

                In order to secure and protect the Senate Chamber and 
            its furniture and furnishings, the language contained in 
            paragraph numbered one of rule XXXIII of the Standing Rules 
            of the Senate, which reads ``The Senate Chamber shall not be 
            granted for any other purpose than for the use of the 
            Senate,'' shall be interpreted to mean that when the Senate 
            is not sitting in session or otherwise using the Chamber for 
            some function of the Senate, no Senator shall seat any 
            person or persons in chairs of Senators others than the 
            chair assigned to him (other persons shall not seat anyone 
            in a chair of a Senator); and lectures, talks, or speeches 
            shall not be given at such times to groups on the floor by 
            Senators or others except for the purpose of explaining the 
            Chamber.

        83                             RULE IV

                TAKING OF PICTURES PROHIBITED; \1\ USE OF MECHANICAL 
                                EQUIPMENT IN CHAMBER

       83.1      1. The taking of pictures of any kind is prohibited in 
            the Senate Chamber, the Senate Reading Rooms (Marble Room 
            and Lobby), the Senate Cloakrooms, and the Private Dining 
            Room of the Senate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ Paragraph 1 of rule IV has been temporarily 
            suspended on numerous occasions for the taking of official 
            photographs of the Senate in session, and on Dec. 19, 1974, 
            for telecasting the inauguration of Vice President Nelson A. 
            Rockefeller. Senate authorization for the telecasting of the 
            New Hampshire contested senatorial election debate was not 
            utilized.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

       83.2      2. The Sergeant at Arms shall be authorized to admit 
            into the Senate Chamber such mechanical equipment and/or 
            devices which, in the judgment of the Sergeant at Arms, are 
            necessary and proper in the conduct of official Senate 
            business and which by their presence shall not in any way 
            distract, interrupt, or inconvenience the business or 
            Members of the Senate.

        84                             RULE V

                     MESSENGERS ACTING AS ASSISTANT DOORKEEPERS

                The messengers acting as Assistant Doorkeepers shall be 
            assigned to their duties by the Sergeant at Arms.

        85                             RULE VI

                                      GALLERIES

                The Sergeant at Arms shall keep the aisles of the 
            galleries clear, and shall not allow admittance into the 
            galleries of more than their seating capacity, nor shall he 
            allow admittance of children under the age of six into the 
            galleries. He shall not permit any person to enter a gallery 
            with or carrying any firearms or dangerous weapons except 
            for law enforcement and other personnel performing duties 
            under the direction of the Senate, or any package, bundle, 
            suitcase, briefcase, or camera; he shall not permit any 
            person in any gallery to smoke, applaud, or commit any other 
            type of demonstration either by sound or sign; except in the 
            press, radio, television, and correspondents' galleries he 
            shall not permit any person to read (except the Senate 
            seating diagram) or to write or take notes (except bona fide 
            employees of the Senate when sitting in the Staff Gallery 
            and making notes in the course of their employment); he 
            shall not permit any person to take any picture or 
            photograph or to sketch or draw; he shall not permit any 
            person to place any object whatsoever--including hats, 
            coats, or other personal apparel--or portion of a person on 
            any railing, or any male to wear a hat, except that where a 
            man's religious beliefs require that he wear a head-cover in 
            such public places as the Senate Gallery, then such head-
            cover shall be permitted; \1\ and he shall not allow any 
            person to lean forward over the railings or to place his or 
            her hands thereon.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ Adopted Apr. 1, 1987.
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                The galleries of the Senate shall be set apart and 
            occupied as follows:
       85.1                          press gallery

                The gallery in the rear of the Vice President's chair 
            shall be set apart for reporters of daily newspapers.
                The administration of the Press Gallery shall be vested 
            in a Standing Committee of Correspondents elected by 
            accredited members of the gallery. The committee shall 
            consist of five persons elected to serve for terms of two 
            years: Provided, however, That at the election in January 
            1951, the three candidates receiving the highest number of 
            votes shall serve for two years and the remaining two for 
            one year. Thereafter, three members shall be elected in odd-
            numbered years and two in even-numbered years. Elections 
            shall be held in January. The committee shall elect its own 
            chairman and secretary. Vacancies on the committee shall be 
            filled by special election to be called by the Standing 
            Committee.
                Persons desiring admission to the Press Gallery in the 
            Senate wing shall make application in accordance with rule 
            XXXIII for the regulation of the Senate wing of the Capitol, 
            which rule shall be interpreted and administered by the 
            Standing Committee of Correspondents, subject to the review 
            and approval by the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration.
                The Standing Committee of Correspondents shall limit 
            membership in the Press Gallery to bona fide correspondents 
            of repute in their profession, under such rules as the 
            Standing Committee of Correspondents shall prescribe: 
            Provided, however, That the Standing Committee of 
            Correspondents shall admit to the Press Gallery no person 
            who does not establish to the satisfaction of the Standing 
            Committee all of the following:
                a. That his or her principal income is obtained from 
            news correspondence intended for publication in newspapers 
            entitled to second-class mailing privileges.
                b. That he or she is not engaged in paid publicity or 
            promotion work or in prosecuting any claim before Congress 
            or before any department of the Government, and will not 
            become so engaged while a member of the Press Gallery.
                c. That he or she is not engaged in any lobbying 
            activity and will not become so engaged while a member of 
            the Press Gallery.
                Members of the families of correspondents are not 
            entitled to the privileges of the Press Gallery.
                The Standing Committee of Correspondents shall propose 
            no change or changes in these rules except upon petition in 
            writing signed by not less than 100 accredited members of 
            the Press Gallery.

       85.2           radio and television correspondents gallery

                The front row in the northeast public gallery shall be 
            set apart for the use of the radio-television 
            correspondents.
                Persons desiring admission to the Radio and Television 
            Correspondents Gallery of the Senate shall make application 
            to the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, 
            as required by rule XXXIII for the regulation of the Senate 
            wing of the Capitol; and shall also state, in writing, the 
            names of all radio stations, television stations, systems, 
            or news-gathering organizations by which they are employed; 
            and what other occupation or employment they may have, if 
            any; and shall further declare that they are not engaged in 
            the prosecution of claims or promotion of legislation 
            pending before Congress, the departments, or the independent 
            agencies, and that they will not become so employed without 
            resigning from the gallery. They shall further declare that 
            they are not employed in any legislative or executive 
            department or independent agency of the Government, or by 
            any foreign government or representative thereof; that they 
            are not engaged in any lobbying activities; that they do not 
            and will not, directly or indirectly, furnish special 
            information to any organization, individual, or group of 
            individuals, for the influencing of prices on any commodity 
            or stock exchange; that they will not do so during the time 
            they retain membership in the gallery. Holders of visitors' 
            cards who may be allowed temporary admission to the gallery 
            must conform to all the restrictions of this paragraph.
                It shall be prerequisite to membership that the radio 
            station, television station, system, or news-gathering 
            agencies which the applicants represent shall certify, in 
            writing, to the Radio and Television Correspondents Gallery 
            that the applicants conform to the foregoing regulations.
                The applications required by the above rule shall be 
            authenticated in a manner that shall be satisfactory to the 
            Executive Committee of the Radio and Television 
            Correspondents Gallery, which shall see that the occupation 
            of the gallery is confined to bona fide news gatherers and/
            or reporters of reputable standing in their business who 
            represent radio stations, television stations, systems, or 
            news-gathering agencies engaged primarily in serving radio 
            stations, television stations, or systems. It shall be the 
            duty of the Executive Committee of the Radio and Television 
            Correspondents Gallery to report, at its discretion, 
            violation of privileges of the gallery to the Senate 
            Committee on Rules and Administration, and, pending action 
            thereon, the offending individual may be suspended.
                Persons engaged in other occupations, whose chief 
            attention is not given to--or more than one-half of their 
            earned income is not derived from--the gathering or 
            reporting of news for radio stations, television stations, 
            systems, or news-gathering agencies primarily serving radio 
            stations, television stations, or systems, shall not be 
            entitled to admission to the Radio and Television 
            Correspondents Gallery. The Radio and Television 
            Correspondents list in the Congressional Directory shall be 
            a list only of persons whose chief attention is given to the 
            gathering and reporting of news for radio stations, 
            television stations, and systems engaged in the daily 
            dissemination of news, and of representatives of news-
            gathering agencies engaged in the daily service of news to 
            such radio stations, television stations, or systems.
                Members of the families of correspondents are not 
            entitled to the privileges of the gallery.
                The Radio and Television Correspondents Gallery shall be 
            under the control of the Executive Committee of the Radio 
            and Television Correspondents Gallery, subject to the 
            approval and supervision of the Senate Committee on Rules 
            and Administration.

       85.3                    periodical press gallery

                The front row in the northwest public gallery shall be 
            set aside for the use of the periodical press.
                1. Persons eligible for admission to the Periodical 
            Press Gallery of the Senate must be bona fide resident 
            correspondents of reputable standing, giving their chief 
            attention to the gathering and reporting of news. They shall 
            state in writing the names of their employers and their 
            additional sources of earned income; and they shall declare 
            that, while a member of the Gallery, they will not act as an 
            agent in the prosecution of claims, and will not become 
            engaged or assist, directly or indirectly, in any lobbying, 
            promotion, advertising, or publicity activity intended to 
            influence legislation or any other action of the Congress, 
            nor any matter before any independent agency, or any 
            department or other instrumentality of the Executive Branch; 
            and that they will not act as an agent for, or be employed 
            by the federal, or any state, local or foreign government or 
            representatives thereof; and that they will not, directly or 
            indirectly, furnish special or ``insider'' information 
            intended to influence prices or for the purpose of trading 
            on any commodity or stock exchange; and that they will not 
            become employed, directly or indirectly, by any stock 
            exchange, board of trade or other organization or member 
            thereof, or brokerage house or broker engaged in the buying 
            and selling of any security or commodity. Applications shall 
            be submitted to the Executive Committee of the Periodical 
            Correspondents' Association and shall be authenticated in a 
            manner satisfactory to the Executive Committee.
                2. Applicants must be employed by periodicals that 
            regularly publish a substantial volume of news material of 
            either general, economic, industrial, technical, cultural or 
            trade character. The periodical must require such Washington 
            coverage on a continuing basis and must be owned and 
            operated independently of any government, industry, 
            institution, association, or lobbying organization. 
            Applicants must also be employed by a periodical that is 
            published for profit and is supported chiefly by advertising 
            or by subscription, or by a periodical meeting the 
            conditions in this paragraph but published by a non-profit 
            organization that, first, operates independently of any 
            government, industry, or institution and, second, does not 
            engage, directly or indirectly, in any lobbying or other 
            activity intended to influence any matter before Congress or 
            before any independent agency or any department or other 
            instrumentality of the Executive Branch. House organs are 
            not eligible.
                3. Members of the families of correspondents are not 
            entitled to the privileges of the gallery.
                4. The Executive Committee may issue temporary 
            credentials permitting the privileges of the Gallery to 
            individuals who meet the rules of eligibility but who may be 
            on short term assignment or temporarily resident in 
            Washington.
                5. Under the authority of Rule XXXIII of the Senate, the 
            Periodical Press Gallery of the Senate shall be under the 
            control of the Executive Committee, subject to the approval 
            and supervision of the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration. It shall be the duty of the Executive 
            Committee, at its discretion, to report violations of the 
            privileges of the Gallery to the Senate Committee on Rules 
            and Administration, and pending action thereon, the 
            offending correspondent may be suspended. The Committee 
            shall be elected at the start of each Congress by members of 
            the Periodical Correspondents' Association, and shall 
            consist of seven members with no more than one member from 
            any one publishing organization. The Committee shall elect 
            its own officers, and a majority of the Committee may fill 
            vacancies on the Committee. The list in the Congressional 
            Directory shall be a list only of members of the Periodical 
            Correspondents' Association.

       85.4                  press photographers' gallery

                1. (a) Administration of the Press Photographers' 
            Gallery is vested in a Standing Committee of Press 
            Photographers consisting of six persons elected by 
            accredited members of the gallery. The Committee shall be 
            composed of one member each from Associated Press Photos, 
            United Press International Newspictures, magazine media, and 
            local newspapers and two ``at large'' members. ``At large'' 
            members may be, but need not be, selected from a media 
            otherwise represented on the Committee.
                (b) The term of office of a member of the Committee 
            elected as the Associated Press Photos member, the local 
            newspapers member, or one of the ``at large'' members shall 
            expire on the day of the election held in the first odd-
            numbered year following the year in which he was elected, 
            and the term of office of a member of the Committee elected 
            as the United Press International Newspictures member, the 
            magazine media member, or the remaining ``at large'' member 
            shall expire on the day of the election held in the first 
            even-numbered year following the year in which he was 
            elected, except that a member elected to fill a vacancy 
            occurring prior to the expiration of a term shall serve only 
            for the unexpired portion of such term.
                (c) Elections shall be held as early as practicable in 
            each year, and in no case later than March 31. A vacancy in 
            the membership of the Committee occurring prior to the 
            expiration of a term shall be filled by special election 
            called for that purpose by the Committee.
                (d) The Standing Committee of the Press Photographers' 
            Gallery shall propose no change or changes in these rules 
            except upon petition in writing signed by not less than 25 
            accredited members of the gallery.
                2. Persons desiring admission to the Press 
            Photographers' Gallery of the Senate shall make application 
            in accordance with Rule XXXIII of the Senate, which rule 
            shall be interpreted and administered by the Standing 
            Committee of Press Photographers subject to the review and 
            approval of the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration.
                3. The Standing Committee of Press Photographers shall 
            limit membership in the photographers' gallery to bona fide 
            news photographers of repute in their profession and to 
            heads of Photographic Bureaus under such rules as the 
            Standing Committee of Press Photographers shall prescribe.
                4. Provided, however, That the Standing Committee of 
            Press Photographers shall admit to the gallery no person who 
            does not establish to the satisfaction of the Committee all 
            of the following:
                        (a) That any member is not engaged in paid 
                    publicity or promotion work or in prosecuting any 
                    claim before Congress or before any department of 
                    the Government, and will not become so engaged while 
                    a member of the gallery.
                        (b) That he or she is not engaged in any 
                    lobbying activity and will not become so engaged 
                    while a member of the gallery.

       85.5               presidential and diplomatic gallery

                The southern gallery over the main entrance to the 
            Senate Chamber, except the first three rows on the eastern 
            side of the aisle, shall be set apart for the use of the 
            Diplomatic Corps, and no person shall be admitted to it 
            excepting the Secretary of State, foreign ministers, their 
            families and suites, and Senators.
                The cards of admission to said gallery shall be issued 
            by the Secretary of State, or the chairman of the Committee 
            on Rules and Administration, to such persons as are entitled 
            to its privileges.
                The first row on the eastern side of this gallery shall 
            be set apart for the use of the President; the second row on 
            the eastern side of this gallery shall be set apart for the 
            use of the Vice President; and the third row on the eastern 
            side of this gallery shall be set apart for the use of the 
            President pro tempore of the Senate.

       85.6                         senate gallery

                The first two rows of the gallery over the east entrance 
            to the Senate shall be set apart for the exclusive use of 
            the wives and other members of the immediate families of 
            Senators.
                The remainder of the gallery shall be set apart for the 
            exclusive use of the families of Senators and guests 
            visiting their families who shall be designated by some 
            member of the Senator's family, and for the families of ex-
            Presidents of the United States, as well as families of 
            incumbent Secretary and Sergeant at Arms of the Senate.
                Employees of the Senate, except those on duty at the 
            gallery door, shall be excluded.

       85.7                       visitors' galleries

                The visitors' galleries shall be governed by the 
            following rule:
                The galleries over the western entrance to the Senate 
            Chamber and over the southeastern, northwestern, and 
            northeastern corners of said Chamber shall be set apart for 
            the use of persons holding a card issued by a Senator. The 
            period to which such card of admission shall be limited 
            rests entirely in the discretion of the Senator issuing it, 
            except that such cards shall expire at the end of each 
            session and cards of a different color shall be furnished by 
            the Sergeant at Arms for the following session. The Sergeant 
            at Arms shall in his discretion limit occupancy of the 
            visitors' galleries to such periods as may be required to 
            accommodate with reasonable expediency all card bearers who 
            are seeking admission.

       85.8                         special gallery

                The gallery adjoining and west of the Diplomatic Gallery 
            shall be reserved for guided tours and other special 
            parties.

        86                            RULE VII

                                     MARBLE ROOM

                The anteroom known as the Marble Room is a part of the 
            floor of the Senate.

        87                            RULE VIII

                                     CLOAKROOMS

                No persons shall be admitted to the cloakrooms adjoining 
            the Senate Chamber excepting those entitled to the 
            privileges of the Senate floor under Standing Rule XXIII.

        88                             RULE IX

                         HEATING AND VENTILATING DEPARTMENT

                No person shall be admitted to the heating and 
            ventilating department of the Senate wing of the Capitol, 
            except upon a pass from the Sergeant at Arms, or unless 
            accompanied by an officer of the Senate.

        89                             RULE X

                                 SMOKING POLICY \1\

                Smoking is prohibited in all public places and 
            unassigned space within the Senate Wing of the Capitol and 
            the Senate Office Buildings, with the exception of one 
            ventilated smoking area in the Senate Wing of the Capitol 
            and each of the Senate Office Buildings, as designated by 
            the Architect of the Capitol with the approval of the 
            Chairman of the Committee on Rules and Administration. 
            Senators, Chairmen of Committees in consultation with the 
            Ranking Member, the Secretary of the Senate, the Sergeant at 
            Arms, the Architect of the Capitol, the Chaplain, and heads 
            of support organizations assigned space in the Senate Wing 
            of the Capitol or the Senate Office Buildings may each 
            establish smoking policies for all office space assigned to 
            them.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\ Adopted June 22, 1998.

        90                             RULE XI

                                 SENATE RESTAURANTS

                The management of the Senate Restaurants and all matters 
            connected therewith are under the jurisdiction, control, and 
            direction of the Committee on Rules and Administration.\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \2\Rule XXV (n)(1) 12 of the Standing Rules of the 
            Senate.

                Note.--Pursuant to Public Law 87-82 (75 Stat. 199, July 
            6, 1961) the management of the Senate Restaurants was 
            transferred to the Architect of the Capitol, subject to 
            approval by the Committee on Rules and Administration as to 
            matters of general policy. See Senate Manual Section 518.

        91                            RULE XII

                                   CORRIDORS, ETC.

                The corridors and passageways of the Senate wing of the 
            Capitol shall be kept open and free from obstructions and 
            free from any person or persons loitering or loafing in or 
            around such places without any visible or lawful business 
            and not giving a good account of themselves; and no stands, 
            booths, or counters for the exhibition or sale of any 
            article shall be placed therein.

        92                            RULE XIII

                               PEDDLING, BEGGING, ETC.

                Peddling, begging, and the solicitation of book or other 
            subscriptions are strictly forbidden in the Senate wing of 
            the Capitol, and no portion of said wing shall be occupied 
            by signs or other devices for advertising any article 
            whatsoever excepting timetables in the Post Office and such 
            signs as may be necessary to designate the entrances to the 
            Senate Restaurant.

        95                            RULE XIV

                                 SWEEPING, CLEANING

                All sweeping, cleaning, and dusting of the Senate wing 
            of the Capitol shall be done, as far as practicable, 
            immediately after the adjournment of each day's session of 
            the Senate, and must, in any event, be completed before 8 
            o'clock a.m.
        96                             RULE XV

                        LEGISLATIVE BUZZERS AND SIGNAL LIGHTS

                Effective May 15, 1981, the system of legislative 
            buzzers and signal lights shall be as follows:
            Pre-session signals:    One long ring at hour of convening.
                                    One red light to remain lighted at 
                                        all times while Senate is in 
                                        actual session.
            Session signals:        One ring--Yeas and nays.
                                    Two rings--quorum call.
                                    Three rings--Call of absentees.
                                    Four rings--Adjournment or recess. 
                                        (End of daily session.)
                                    Five rings--Seven and a half minutes 
                                        remaining on yea and nay vote.
                                    Six rings--Morning business 
                                        concluded. (Six rings with 
                                        corresponding lights. Lights cut 
                                        off immediately.)
                                    Recess during daily session. (Six 
                                        rings with corresponding lights. 
                                        Lights stay on during period of 
                                        recess.)
                Effective July 13, 1967, the legislative call system 
            shall be used for alerting Members of Congress, 
            Congressional employees, and visitors of enemy attack or 
            other major disaster conditions. There will be two signals:
                        1. Attack warning.--Notification to all 
                    occupants that the United States is under attack and 
                    that there is real danger of loss of life. This 
                    warning would be given by a sequence of two-second 
                    sounds of the legislative bells separated by two-
                    second silent intervals. This signal would be 
                    repeated for 3 to 5 minutes.
                        2. Attention signal.--Notification of peacetime 
                    disasters, such as accidental presence of 
                    radioactive materials or severe weather or natural 
                    disaster conditions. This signal would be given by a 
                    series of 16-second bell sounds separately by 16-
                    second silent intervals, repeated for 3 to 5 
                    minutes.

                            (Where lights exist they will correspond 
                            with rings.)

        97                            RULE XVI

                SENATE OFFICE BUILDING\1\ AND OTHER SENATE BUILDINGS

                All provisions of the foregoing rules so far as 
            practicable are made applicable to the Senate Office 
            Buildings,\1\ the buildings used for the storage of Senate 
            documents, and the Senate garage.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\See Senate Manual sections 79.8, 79.9.

        98                            RULE XVII

                 USE OF DISPLAY MATERIALS IN THE SENATE CHAMBER \2\

                Graphic displays in the Senate Chamber are limited to 
            the following:

                \2\ Effective July 25, 1986; amended Nov. 4, 1993.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Charts, photographs, or renderings:
                Size--No larger than 36 inches by 48 inches.
                Where--On an easel stand next to the Senator's desk or 
            at the rear of the Chamber.
                When--Only at the time the Senator is engaged in debate.
                Number--No more than two may be displayed at a time.
            ------------------------------------------------------------

             RULES OF PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE IN THE SENATE WHEN SITTING 
                                ON IMPEACHMENT TRIALS

            ------------------------------------------------------------

               [Revised pursuant to S. Res. 479, 99-2, Aug. 16, 1986]

        100      I. Whensoever the Senate shall receive notice from the 
            House of Representatives that managers are appointed on 
            their part to conduct an impeachment against any person and 
            are directed to carry articles of impeachment to the Senate, 
            the Secretary of the Senate shall immediately inform the 
            House of Representatives that the Senate is ready to receive 
            the managers for the purpose of exhibiting such articles of 
            impeachment, agreeably to such notice.
        101      II. When the managers of an impeachment shall be 
            introduced at the bar of the Senate and shall signify that 
            they are ready to exhibit articles of impeachment against 
            any person, the Presiding Officer of the Senate shall direct 
            the Sergeant at Arms to make proclamation, who shall, after 
            making proclamation, repeat the following words, viz: ``All 
            persons are commanded to keep silence, on pain of 
            imprisonment, while the House of Representatives is 
            exhibiting to the Senate of the United States articles of 
            impeachment against ------ ------''; after which the 
            articles shall be exhibited, and then the Presiding Officer 
            of the Senate shall inform the managers that the Senate will 
            take proper order on the subject of the impeachment, of 
            which due notice shall be given to the House of 
            Representatives.
        102      III. Upon such articles being presented to the Senate, 
            the Senate shall, at 1 o'clock afternoon of the day (Sunday 
            excepted) following such presentation, or sooner if ordered 
            by the Senate, proceed to the consideration of such articles 
            and shall continue in session from day to day (Sundays 
            excepted) after the trial shall commence (unless otherwise 
            ordered by the Senate) until final judgment shall be 
            rendered, and so much longer as may, in its judgment, be 
            needful. Before proceeding to the consideration of the 
            articles of impeachment, the Presiding Officer shall 
            administer the oath hereinafter provided to the members of 
            the Senate then present and to the other members of the 
            Senate as they shall appear, whose duty it shall be to take 
            the same.
        103      IV. When the President of the United States or the Vice 
            President of the United States, upon whom the powers and 
            duties of the Office of President shall have devolved, shall 
            be impeached, the Chief Justice of the United States shall 
            preside; and in a case requiring the said Chief Justice to 
            preside notice shall be given to him by the Presiding 
            Officer of the Senate of the time and place fixed for the 
            consideration of the articles of impeachment, as aforesaid, 
            with a request to attend; and the said Chief Justice shall 
            be administered the oath by the Presiding Officer of the 
            Senate and shall preside over the Senate during the 
            consideration of said articles and upon the trial of the 
            person impeached therein.
        104      V. The Presiding Officer shall have power to make and 
            issue, by himself or by the Secretary of the Senate, all 
            orders, mandates, writs, and precepts authorized by these 
            rules or by the Senate, and to make and enforce such other 
            regulations and orders in the premises as the Senate may 
            authorize or provide.
        105      VI. The Senate shall have power to compel the attendance 
            of witnesses, to enforce obedience to its orders, mandates, 
            writs, precepts, and judgments, to preserve order, and to 
            punish in a summary way contempts of, and disobedience to, 
            its authority, orders, mandates, writs, precepts, or 
            judgments, and to make all lawful orders, rules, and 
            regulations which it may deem essential or conducive to the 
            ends of justice. And the Sergeant at Arms, under the 
            direction of the Senate, may employ such aid and assistance 
            as may be necessary to enforce, execute, and carry into 
            effect the lawful orders, mandates, writs, and precepts of 
            the Senate.
        106      VII. The Presiding Officer of the Senate shall direct 
            all necessary preparations in the Senate Chamber, and the 
            Presiding Officer on the trial shall direct all the forms of 
            proceedings while the Senate is sitting for the purpose of 
            trying an impeachment, and all forms during the trial not 
            otherwise specially provided for. And the Presiding Officer 
            on the trial may rule on all questions of evidence 
            including, but not limited to, questions of relevancy, 
            materiality, and redundancy of evidence and incidental 
            questions, which ruling shall stand as the judgment of the 
            Senate, unless some Member of the Senate shall ask that a 
            formal vote be taken thereon, in which case it shall be 
            submitted to the Senate for decision without debate; or he 
            may at his option, in the first instance, submit any such 
            question to a vote of the Members of the Senate. Upon all 
            such questions the vote shall be taken in accordance with 
            the Standing Rules of the Senate.
        107      VIII. Upon the presentation of articles of impeachment 
            and the organization of the Senate as hereinbefore provided, 
            a writ of summons shall issue to the person impeached, 
            reciting said articles, and notifying him to appear before 
            the Senate upon a day and at a place to be fixed by the 
            Senate and named in such writ, and file his answer to said 
            articles of impeachment, and to stand to and abide the 
            orders and judgments of the Senate thereon; which writ shall 
            be served by such officer or person as shall be named in the 
            precept thereof, such number of days prior to the day fixed 
            for such appearance as shall be named in such precept, 
            either by the delivery of an attested copy thereof to the 
            person impeached, or if that can not conveniently be done, 
            by leaving such copy at the last known place of abode of 
            such person, or at his usual place of business in some 
            conspicuous place therein; or if such service shall be, in 
            the judgment of the Senate, impracticable, notice to the 
            person impeached to appear shall be given in such other 
            manner, by publication or otherwise, as shall be deemed 
            just; and if the writ aforesaid shall fail of service in the 
            manner aforesaid, the proceedings shall not thereby abate, 
            but further service may be made in such manner as the Senate 
            shall direct. If the person impeached, after service, shall 
            fail to appear, either in person or by attorney, on the day 
            so fixed therefor as aforesaid, or, appearing, shall fail to 
            file his answer to such articles of impeachment, the trial 
            shall proceed, nevertheless, as upon a plea of not guilty. 
            If a plea of guilty shall be entered, judgment may be 
            entered thereon without further proceedings.
        108      IX. At 12:30 o'clock afternoon of the day appointed for 
            the return of the summons against the person impeached, the 
            legislative and executive business of the Senate shall be 
            suspended, and the Secretary of the Senate shall administer 
            an oath to the returning officer in the form following, viz: 
            ``I, ------ ------, do solemnly swear that the return made 
            by me upon the process issued on the ---- day of ------, by 
            the Senate of the United States, against ------ ------, is 
            truly made, and that I have performed such service as 
            therein described: So help me God.'' Which oath shall be 
            entered at large on the records.
        109      X. The person impeached shall then be called to appear 
            and answer the articles of impeachment against him. If he 
            appears, or any person for him, the appearance shall be 
            recorded, stating particularly if by himself, or by agent or 
            attorney, naming the person appearing and the capacity in 
            which he appears. If he does not appear, either personally 
            or by agent or attorney, the same shall be recorded.
        110      XI. That in the trial of any impeachment the Presiding 
            Officer of the Senate, if the Senate so orders, shall 
            appoint a committee of Senators to receive evidence and take 
            testimony at such times and places as the committee may 
            determine, and for such purpose the committee so appointed 
            and the chairman thereof, to be elected by the committee, 
            shall (unless otherwise ordered by the Senate) exercise all 
            the powers and functions conferred upon the Senate and the 
            Presiding Officer of the Senate, respectively, under the 
            rules of procedure and practice in the Senate when sitting 
            on impeachment trials.
                Unless otherwise ordered by the Senate, the rules of 
            procedure and practice in the Senate when sitting on 
            impeachment trials shall govern the procedure and practice 
            of the committee so appointed. The committee so appointed 
            shall report to the Senate in writing a certified copy of 
            the transcript of the proceedings and testimony had and 
            given before such committee, and such report shall be 
            received by the Senate and the evidence so received and the 
            testimony so taken shall be considered to all intents and 
            purposes, subject to the right of the Senate to determine 
            competency, relevancy, and materiality, as having been 
            received and taken before the Senate, but nothing herein 
            shall prevent the Senate from sending for any witness and 
            hearing his testimony in open Senate, or by order of the 
            Senate having the entire trial in open Senate.
        111      XII. At 12:30 o'clock afternoon, or at such other hour 
            as the Senate may order, of the day appointed for the trial 
            of an impeachment, the legislative and executive business of 
            the Senate shall be suspended, and the Secretary shall give 
            notice to the House of Representatives that the Senate is 
            ready to proceed upon the impeachment of ------ ------, in 
            the Senate Chamber.
        112      XIII. The hour of the day at which the Senate shall sit 
            upon the trial of an impeachment shall be (unless otherwise 
            ordered) 12 o'clock m.; and when the hour shall arrive, the 
            Presiding Officer upon such trial shall cause proclamation 
            to be made, and the business of the trial shall proceed. The 
            adjournment of the Senate sitting in said trial shall not 
            operate as an adjournment of the Senate; but on such 
            adjournment the Senate shall resume the consideration of its 
            legislative and executive business.
        113      XIV. The Secretary of the Senate shall record the 
            proceedings in cases of impeachment as in the case of 
            legislative proceedings, and the same shall be reported in 
            the same manner as the legislative proceedings of the 
            Senate.
        114      XV. Counsel for the parties shall be admitted to appear 
            and be heard upon an impeachment.
        115      XVI. All motions, objections, requests, or applications 
            whether relating to the procedure of the Senate or relating 
            immediately to the trial (including questions with respect 
            to admission of evidence or other questions arising during 
            the trial) made by the parties or their counsel shall be 
            addressed to the Presiding Officer only, and if he, or any 
            Senator, shall require it, they shall be committed to 
            writing, and read at the Secretary's table.
        116      XVII. Witnesses shall be examined by one person on 
            behalf of the party producing them, and then cross-examined 
            by one person on the other side.
        117      XVIII. If a Senator is called as a witness, he shall be 
            sworn, and give his testimony standing in his place.
        118      XIX. If a Senator wishes a question to be put to a 
            witness, or to a manager, or to counsel of the person 
            impeached, or to offer a motion or order (except a motion to 
            adjourn), it shall be reduced to writing, and put by the 
            Presiding Officer. The parties or their counsel may 
            interpose objections to witnesses answering questions 
            propounded at the request of any Senator and the merits of 
            any such objection may be argued by the parties or their 
            counsel. Ruling on any such objection shall be made as 
            provided in Rule VII. It shall not be in order for any 
            Senator to engage in colloquy.
        119      XX. At all times while the Senate is sitting upon the 
            trial of an impeachment the doors of the Senate shall be 
            kept open, unless the Senate shall direct the doors to be 
            closed while deliberating upon its decisions. A motion to 
            close the doors may be acted upon without objection, or, if 
            objection is heard, the motion shall be voted on without 
            debate by the yeas and nays, which shall be entered on the 
            record.
        120      XXI. All preliminary or interlocutory questions, and all 
            motions, shall be argued for not exceeding one hour (unless 
            the Senate otherwise orders) on each side.
        121      XXII. The case, on each side, shall be opened by one 
            person. The final argument on the merits may be made by two 
            persons on each side (unless otherwise ordered by the Senate 
            upon application for that purpose), and the argument shall 
            be opened and closed on the part of the House of 
            Representatives.
        122      XXIII. An article of impeachment shall not be divisible 
            for the purpose of voting thereon at any time during the 
            trial. Once voting has commenced on an article of 
            impeachment, voting shall be continued until voting has been 
            completed on all articles of impeachment unless the Senate 
            adjourns for a period not to exceed one day or adjourns sine 
            die. On the final question whether the impeachment is 
            sustained, the yeas and nays shall be taken on each article 
            of impeachment separately; and if the impeachment shall not, 
            upon any of the articles presented, be sustained by the 
            votes of two-thirds of the Members present, a judgment of 
            acquittal shall be entered; but if the person impeached 
            shall be convicted upon any such article by the votes of 
            two-thirds of the Members present, the Senate shall proceed 
            to the consideration of such other matters as may be 
            determined to be appropriate prior to pronouncing judgment. 
            Upon pronouncing judgement, a certified copy of such 
            judgment shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary 
            of State. A motion to reconsider the vote by which any 
            article of impeachment is sustained or rejected shall not be 
            in order.

     122.1  Form of putting the question on each article of impeachment.

                The Presiding Officer shall first state the question; 
            thereafter each Senator, as his name is called, shall rise 
            in his place and answer: guilty or not guilty.
        123      XXIV. All the orders and decisions may be acted upon 
            without objection, or, if objection is heard, the orders and 
            decisions shall be voted on without debate by yeas and nays, 
            which shall be entered on the record, subject, however, to 
            the operation of Rule VII, except when the doors shall be 
            closed for deliberation, and in that case no member shall 
            speak more than once on one question, and for not more than 
            ten minutes on an interlocutory question, and for not more 
            than fifteen minutes on the final question, unless by 
            consent of the Senate, to be had without debate; but a 
            motion to adjourn may be decided without the yeas and nays, 
            unless they be demanded by one-fifth of the members present. 
            The fifteen minutes herein allowed shall be for the whole 
            deliberation on the final question, and not on the final 
            question on each article of impeachment.
        124      XXV. Witnesses shall be sworn in the following form, 
            viz: ``You, ------ ------, do swear (or affirm, as the case 
            may be) that the evidence you shall give in the case now 
            pending between the United States and ------ ------, shall 
            be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth: So 
            help you God.'' Which oath shall be administered by the 
            Secretary, or any other duly authorized person.

        125  Form of a subpena be issued on the application of the 
                managers of the impeachment, or of the party impeached, 
                or of his counsel.

            To ------ ------, greeting:
                You and each of you are hereby commanded to appear 
            before the Senate of the United States, on the ---- day of 
            ------, at the Senate Chamber in the city of Washington, 
            then and there to testify your knowledge in the cause which 
            is before the Senate in which the House of Representatives 
            have impeached ------ ------.
                Fail not.
                Witness ------ ------, and Presiding Officer of the 
            Senate, at the city of Washington, this ---- day of ------, 
            in the year of our Lord --------, and of the Independence of 
            the United States the ------.
                                              ------ ------,
                                    Presiding Officer of the Senate.

     125.1        FORM OF DIRECTION FOR THE SERVICE OF SAID SUBPENA

            The Senate of the United States to ------ ------, greeting:
                You are hereby commanded to serve and return the within 
            subpena according to law.
                Dated at Washington, this ---- day of ------, in the 
            year of our Lord ----, and of the Independence of the United 
            States the ------.
                                              ------ ------,
                                            Secretary of the Senate.

     125.2  FORM OF OATH TO BE ADMINISTERED TO THE MEMBERS OF THE SENATE 
                 AND THE PRESIDING OFFICER SITTING IN THE TRIAL OF 
                                    IMPEACHMENTS

                ``I solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that 
            in all things appertaining to the trial of the impeachment 
            of ------ ------, now pending, I will do impartial justice 
            according to the Constitution and laws: So help me God.''

     125.3    FORM OF SUMMONS TO BE ISSUED AND SERVED UPON THE PERSON 
                                      IMPEACHED

            The United States of America, ss:
            The Senate of the United States to ------ ------, greeting:
                Whereas the House of Representatives of the United 
            States of America did, on the ---- day of ------, exhibit to 
            the Senate articles of impeachment against you, the said --
            ---- ------, in the words following:
                                            [Here insert the articles]

            And demand that you, the said ------ ------, should be put 
            to answer the accusations as set forth in said articles, and 
            that such proceedings, examinations, trials, and judgments 
            might be thereupon had as are agreeable to law and justice.
                You, the said ------ ------, are therefore hereby 
            summoned to be and appear before the Senate of the United 
            States of America, at their Chamber in the city of 
            Washington, on the ---- day of ------, at ---- o'clock ----, 
            then and there to answer to the said articles of 
            impeachment, and then and there to abide by, obey, and 
            perform such orders, directions, and judgments as the Senate 
            of the United States shall make in the premises according to 
            the Constitution and laws of the United States.
                Hereof you are not to fail.
                Witness ------ ------, and Presiding Officer of the said 
            Senate, at the city of Washington, this ---- day of ------, 
            in the year of our Lord ------, and of the Independence of 
            the United States the ------.
                                              ------ ------,
                                    Presiding Officer of the Senate.

     125.4     FORM OF PRECEPT TO BE INDORSED ON SAID WRIT OF SUMMONS

            The United States of America, ss:
            The Senate of the United States to ------ ------, greeting:
                You are hereby commanded to deliver to and leave with --
            ---- ------, if conveniently to be found, or if not, to 
            leave at his usual place of abode, or at his usual place of 
            business in some conspicuous place, a true and attested copy 
            of the within writ of summons, together with a like copy of 
            this precept; and in whichsoever way you perform the 
            service, let it be done at least ------ days before the 
            appearance day mentioned in the said writ of summons.
                Fail not, and make return of this writ of summons and 
            precept, with your proceedings thereon indorsed, on or 
            before the appearance day mentioned in the said writ of 
            summons.
                Witness ------ ------, and Presiding Officer of the 
            Senate, at the city of Washington, this ---- day of ------, 
            in the year of our Lord ------, and of the Independence of 
            the United States the ------.
                                              ------ ------,
                                    Presiding Officer of the Senate.
                All process shall be served by the Sergeant at Arms of 
            the Senate, unless otherwise ordered by the Senate.
        126      XXVI. If the Senate shall at any time fail to sit for 
            the consideration of articles of impeachment on the day or 
            hour fixed therefor, the Senate may, by an order to be 
            adopted without debate, fix a day and hour for resuming such 
            consideration.
            ------------------------------------------------------------

                CLEAVES' MANUAL OF THE LAW AND PRACTICE IN REGARD TO 
                        CONFERENCES AND CONFERENCE REPORTS\1\

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                [Note.--The figures in parentheses at the end of rules 
            refer to sections of Hinds' Parliamentary Precedents (H.R. 
            Doc. 576, 55-2), where decisions and proceedings may be 
            found. The notes and references inserted are additional to 
            those in the work, and not found therein.]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\Collated and prepared by Thomas P. Cleaves, Clerk to 
            the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, and 
            reported to the Senate by Mr. Allison, First Session, Fifty-
            seventh Congress, under the following resolution of June 6, 
            1900:
                ``Resolved, That the Committee on Appropriations cause 
            to be prepared for the use of the Senate a manual of the law 
            and practice in regard to conferences and conference 
            reports.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                     CONFERENCES

        127      1. Parliamentary law relating to conferences as stated 
            in Jefferson's Manual, Section XLVI:
      127.1      It is on the occasion of amendments between the Houses 
            that conferences are usually asked; but they may be asked in 
            all cases of difference of opinion between the two Houses on 
            matters depending between them. The request of a conference, 
            however, must always be by the House which is possessed of 
            the papers. (3 Hats., 31; 1 Grey, 425.)
      127.2      Conferences may either be simple or free. At a 
            conference simply,\2\ written reasons are prepared by the 
            House asking it, and they are read and delivered without 
            debate, to the managers of the other House at the 
            conference, but are not then to be answered. (4 Grey, 144.) 
            The other House then, if satisfied, vote the reasons 
            satisfactory, or say nothing; if not satisfied, they resolve 
            them not satisfactory and ask a conference on the subject of 
            the last conference, where they read and deliver, in like 
            manner, written answers to those reasons. (3 Grey, 183.) 
            They are meant chiefly to record the justification of each 
            House to the nation at large and to posterity, and in proof 
            that the miscarriage of a necessary measure is not imputable 
            to them. (3 Grey, 225.) At free conferences the managers 
            discuss, vivi voce and freely, and interchange propositions 
            for such modifications as may be made in a parliamentary 
            way, and may bring the sense of the two Houses together. And 
            each party reports in writing to their respective Houses the 
            substance of what is said on both sides, and it is entered 
            in their journals. (9 Grey, 220; 3 Hats., 280.) This report 
            can not be amended or altered, as that of a committee may 
            be. (Journal Senate, May 24, 1796.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \2\So in original.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      127.3      A conference may be asked before the House asking if it 
            has come to a resolution of disagreement, insisting or 
            adhering. (3 Hats., 269, 341.) In which case the papers are 
            not left with the other conferees, but are brought back to 
            be the foundation of the vote to be given. And this is the 
            most reasonable and respectful proceeding; for, as was urged 
            by the Lords on a particular occasion, ``it is held vain, 
            and below the wisdom of Parliament, to reason or argue 
            against fixed resolutions and upon terms of impossibility to 
            persuade.'' (3 Hats., 226.) So the Commons say, ``an 
            adherence is never delivered at a free conference, which 
            implies debate.'' (10 Grey, 137.) And on another occasion 
            the Lords made it an objection that the Commons had asked a 
            free conference after they had made resolutions of adhering. 
            It was then affirmed, however, on the part of the Commons, 
            that nothing was more parliamentary than to proceed with 
            free conferences after adhering (3 Hats., 369), and we do in 
            fact see instances of conference, or of free conference, 
            asked after the resolution of disagreeing (3 Hats., 251, 
            253, 260, 286, 291, 316, 349); of insisting (ib., 280, 296, 
            299, 319, 322, 355); of adhering (269, 270, 283, 300), and 
            even of a second or final adherence. (3 Hats., 270.) And in 
            all cases of conference asked after a vote of disagreement, 
            etc., the conferees of the House asking it are to leave the 
            papers with the conferees of the other; and in one case 
            where they refused to receive them they were left on the 
            table in the conference chamber. (Ib., 271, 317, 323, 354; 
            10 Grey, 146.)
      127.4      After a free conference the usage is to proceed with 
            free conferences, and not to return again to a conference. 
            (3 Hats., 270; 9 Grey, 229.)
      127.5      After a conference denied a free conference may be asked 
            (1 Grey, 45.)
      127.6      When a conference is asked the subject of it must be 
            expressed or the conference not agreed to. (Ord. H. Com., 
            89; 1 Grey, 425; 7 Grey, 31.) They are sometimes asked to 
            inquire concerning an offense or default of a member of the 
            other House. (6 Grey, 181; 1 Chand., 204.) Or the failure of 
            the other House to present to the King a bill passed by both 
            Houses. (8 Grey, 302.) Or on information received and 
            relating to the safety of the nation. (10 Grey, 171.) Or 
            when the methods of Parliament are thought by the one House 
            to have been departed from by the other a conference is 
            asked to come to a right understanding thereon. (10 Grey, 
            148.) So when an unparliamentary message has been sent, 
            instead of answering it, they ask a conference. (3 Grey, 
            155.) Formerly an address or articles of impeachment, or a 
            bill with amendments, or a vote of the House, or concurrence 
            in a vote, or a message from the King, were sometimes 
            communicated by way of conference. But this is not the 
            modern practice.  (1366.)

             [Senate Manual, 1902, p. 137; House Manual, 56th Cong., 2d 
                                                         sess., p. 207.]

                              CHARACTER OF CONFERENCES

        128      2. Conferences may either be simple or free.

                                        [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. XLVI.]

                Note.--This rule and the definition and description of 
            the two kinds of conferences are found in the foregoing 
            section. Vice President Hamlin, in ruling upon a question of 
            order in the Senate in the Thirty-eighth Congress, stated 
            the rule and the distinction between free and simple 
            conferences as follows:
                ``Conferences are of two characters, free and simple. A 
            free conference is that which leaves the committee of 
            conference entirely free to pass upon any subject where the 
            two branches have disagreed in their vote, not, however, 
            including any action upon any subject where there has been a 
            concurrent vote of both branches. A simple conference--
            perhaps it should more properly be termed a strict or a 
            specific conference, though the parliamentary term is 
            simple--is that which confines the committee of conference 
            to the specific instructions of the body appointing it.'' 
            (38th Cong., 1st sess., Congressional Globe, pt. I, p. 900.)
                Speaker Reed, in his Manual of General Parliamentary 
            Law, chapter XV, section 242, states that ``A free 
            conference is one where the conferees meet and present not 
            only the reasons of each House, but such arguments and 
            reasons and persuasions as seem suitable to each member of 
            the committee. Instead of being confined to reasons adopted 
            by either House, each member may present his own. A 
            conference may therefore be a free conference though each 
            House may have instructed its members and limited them to 
            the terms of the agreement. This method of conference is the 
            only one known to our parliamentary law; at least, it is the 
            only one now in practice. When two legislative bodies in 
            this country have a conference, it is a free conference * * 
            *''

                               REQUEST FOR CONFERENCE

        129      3. The request for a conference must always be made by 
            the House in possession of the papers.  (1366.)

                                        [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. XLVI.]

        130      4. The motion to ask for a conference comes properly 
            after the motion to disagree, insist, or adhere.  (1367.)
        131      5. A conference may be asked before there has been a 
            disagreement.  (1366.)

                    [48th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., pp. 628, 642-643; 
                                         Jefferson's Manual, Sec. XLVI.]

        132      6. After one House has adhered the other may recede or 
            ask a conference, which may be granted by the other House.  
            (1358-1361.)

            [23d Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., p. 112; S. Jour., vol. 2, 
            pp. 70, 71; S. Jour., vol. 5, pp. 657, 661; Jefferson's 
            Manual, Sec. XLVI.]

        133      7. The House may agree to a conference without 
            reconsidering its vote to adhere.  (1362.)
        134      8. Instances have occurred where one House has adhered 
            at once and has even refused a conference.  (1363.)

                Note.--In section XLV, Jefferson's Manual, it is stated 
            that ``Either House is free to pass over the term of 
            insisting, and to adhere in the first instance, but it is 
            not respectful to the other. In the ordinary parliamentary 
            course there are two free conferences, at least, before an 
            adherence.''

        135      9. Where one House has voted at once to adhere, the 
            other may insist and ask a conference; but the motion to 
            recede has precedence.  (1364.)
        136      10. One House may disagree to the amendment of the 
            other, leaving it for the latter House to ask for the 
            conference as soon as the vote of disagreement is passed. 
            (1368.)
        137      11. The amending House may insist at once upon its 
            amendments, and ask for a conference.  (1370-1371.)

                   [48th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., pp. 628, 642, 643; 
                                   Congressional Record, pp. 3974-4098.]

        138      12. The request of the other House for a conference may 
            be referred to a committee.

            [19th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., p. 302, 49th Cong. 1st 
            sess., H. Jour., pp. 2292, 2293; Congressional Record, p. 
            7332.]

        139      13. Where a conference committee is unable to agree, or 
            where a report is disgreed to, another conference is usually 
            asked for and agreed to.  (1384-1388.)
        140      14. Before the stage of disagreement has been reached, 
            the request of the other House for a conference gives the 
            bill no privilege over the other business of the House.  
            (1374, 1375.)
        141      15. The conference on a disagreement as to Senate 
            amendments to a House bill having failed, the Senate 
            reconsidered its action in amending and passing the bill, 
            passed it with a new amendment, and asked a new conference.

             [55th Cong., 3d sess., Congressional Record, pp. 317, 439, 
                                      628, 631, 2303, 2360, 2362, 2770.]

        142      16. The motion to insist and ask a conference has 
            precedence of the motion to instruct conferees.  (1376-
            1379.)

          
                                      CONFEREES

                              APPOINTMENT OF CONFEREES

        143      17. Statement of principles governing the selection of 
            conferees on the part of the House (1383), namely:

                Note.--These principles and provisions are also 
            applicable to the Senate and in harmony with its practice.

      143.1      The House members of conference committees, called the 
            managers on the part of the House, are appointed by the 
            Speaker.

                Note.--The Senate members of conference committees, 
            called the managers on the part of the Senate, are appointed 
            by the Presiding Officer, by unanimous consent, under the 
            custom of the Senate. Rule XXIV provides that chairman and 
            other members of committees of the Senate shall be appointed 
            by resolution unless otherwise ordered.

      143.2      They are usually three in number, but on important 
            measures the number is sometimes increased. In the selection 
            of the managers the two large political parties are usually 
            represented, and, also, care is taken that there shall be a 
            representation of the two opinions which almost always exist 
            on subjects of importance. Of course the majority party and 
            the prevailing opinion have the majority of the managers. * 
            * *
      143.3      It is also almost the invariable practice to select 
            managers from the members of the committee which considered 
            the bill. * * * But sometimes in order to give 
            representation to a strong or prevailing sentiment in the 
            House the Speaker goes outside the ranks of the committee. * 
            * *
      143.4      The managers of the two Houses while in conference vote 
            separately, the majority determining the attitude to be 
            taken toward the propositions of the other House. When the 
            report is made the signatures of a majority of each board of 
            managers are sufficient. The minority managers frequently 
            refrain from signing the report, and it is not unprecedented 
            for a minority manager to indorse his protest on the report.
        144      18. When conferees have disagreed or a conference report 
            has been rejected, the usual practice is to reappoint the 
            managers, although it seems to have been otherwise in former 
            years.  (1383.)
        145      19. Conferees having been appointed, it is too late to 
            reconsider the vote whereby the House has disagreed to a 
            Senate amendment.  (1205.)

          
                               DISCHARGE OF CONFEREES

        146      20. While a conference asked by the House was in 
            progress on the House's disagreement to Senate amendments, 
            by a special order the House discharged its conferees, 
            receded from its disagreement, and agreed to the amendments.  
            (1373.)

                Note.--Similar action was taken by the Senate under like 
            circumstances in the Forty-second Congress (42d Cong. 2d 
            sess., S. Jour., p. 1028).

                              INSTRUCTIONS TO CONFEREES

        147      21. It is in order to instruct conferees, and the 
            resolution of instruction should be offered after the House 
            has voted to insist and ask a conference and before the 
            conferees have been appointed.  (1376-1379.)

            [38th Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., p. 268; 39th Cong., 1st 
            sess., S. Jour., p. 782, 784; 40th Cong., 2d sess., S. 
            Jour., p. 119.]

        148      22. It is not the practice to instruct conferees before 
            they have met and disagreed.  (1380.)
        149      23. It is not in order to give such instructions to 
            conferees as would require changes in the text to which both 
            Houses have agreed.  (1380.)
        150      24. The House having asked for a free conference, it is 
            not in order to instruct the conferees.  (1381.)
        151      25. The motion to instruct conferees is amendable.   
            (1390.)

            [40th Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., p. 119.]

        152      26. A conference report may be received although it may 
            be in violation of instructions given to the conferees.  
            (1382.)
                          CONFERENCE COMMITTEES AND REPORTS

                         AUTHORITY OF CONFERENCE COMMITTEES

        153      27. A conference committee is practically two distinct 
            committees, each of which acts by a majority.  (1401.)
        154      28. Conference reports must be signed by a majority of 
            the managers on the part of each House. They are made in 
            duplicate for the managers to present to their respective 
            Houses, the signatures of the managers of each House 
            appearing first on the report that is to be presented to the 
            House they represent.

                Note.--See form of conference report appended.

        155      29. Conferees may not include in their report matters 
            not committed to them by either House.  (1414-1417.)

            [50th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., pp. 1064, 1065; 54th 
            Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., pp. 90, 91, 96.]

      155.1      In the House, in case such matter is included, the 
            conference report may be ruled out on a point of order.  
            (See Rule 50, below.)
      155.2      In the Senate, in case such matter is included, the 
            custom is to submit the question of order to the Senate.

                Note.--In the Fifty-fifth Congress, first session, Vice-
            President Hobart, in overruling a point of order made on 
            this ground against a conference report during its reading 
            in the Senate, stated that the report having been adopted by 
            one House and being now submitted for discussion and 
            decision in the form of concurrence or disagreement, it is 
            not in the province of the Chair during the progress of its 
            presentation to decide that matter has been inserted which 
            is new or not relevant, but that such questions should go 
            before the Senate when it comes to vote on the adoption or 
            rejection of the report. (55th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., 
            pp. 171, 172; Congressional Record, pp. 2780-2787.) See also 
            Congressional Record, p. 2827, 56th Cong., 2d sess., when 
            the Presiding Officer (Mr. Lodge in the Chair) referred with 
            approval to the foregoing decision of Vice-President Hobart, 
            and stated that when a point of order is made on a 
            conference report on the ground that new matter has been 
            inserted, the Chair should submit the question to the Senate 
            instead of deciding it himself, as has been the custom in 
            the House. No formal ruling was made in this case, however, 
            as the conference report, after debate, was, by unanimous 
            consent, rejected. (56th Cong., 2d sess., Congressional 
            Record, pp. 2826-2883.)

        156      30. Conferees may not strike out in conference anything 
            in a bill agreed to and passed by both Houses.  (1321.)

                                         [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. XLV.]

        157      31. Conferees may include in their report matters which 
            are germane modifications of subjects in disagreement 
            between the Houses and committed to the conference.  (1418-
            1419.)
        158      32. A disagreement to an amendment in the nature of a 
            substitute having been referred to conferees, it was held to 
            be in order for them to report a new bill on the same 
            subject.  (1420.)
        159      33. A conference committee may report agreement as to 
            some of the matters of difference, but inability to agree as 
            to others.  (1392.)

            [29th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., pp. 523-524.]

        160      34. In drafting a conference report care should be taken 
            in stating the action of the conferees on amendments to 
            observe the parliamentary rule that neither House can recede 
            from or insist on its own amendment with an amendment; and 
            in case pages and lines of the bill or amendments are 
            referred to in the report, the engrossed bill and amendments 
            only should be used.

                  PRESENTATION AND PRIVILEGE OF CONFERENCE REPORTS

        161      35. A conference report is made first to the House 
            agreeing to the conference.

                Note.--This rule seems to follow from the principle laid 
            down by Jefferson (Manual, Sec. XLVI), that ``in all cases 
            of conference asked after a vote of disagreement, etc., the 
            conferees of the House asking it are to leave the papers 
            with the conferees of the other,'' thus putting the agreeing 
            House in possession of the papers, and has been the usual 
            practice in Congress.

        162      36. Conference reports are in order in the Senate under 
            Rule XXVIII, as follows:
                The presentation of reports of committees of conference 
            shall always be in order, except when the Journal is being 
            read or a question of order or motion to adjourn is pending, 
            or while the Senate is dividing; and when received, the 
            question of proceeding to the consideration of the report, 
            if raised, shall be immediately put, and shall be determined 
            without debate.

                Note.--It has been held in the Senate that the 
            presentation of a conference report includes its reading, 
            unless by unanimous consent the reading is dispensed with 
            (54th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., p. 334; Congressional 
            Record, p. 5511).

        163      37. Conference reports are in order in the House under 
            Rule XXVIII, as follows:
                The presentation of reports of committees of conference 
            shall always be in order except when the journal is being 
            read, while the roll is being called, or the House is 
            dividing on any proposition. And there shall accompany any 
            such report a detailed statement sufficiently explicit to 
            inform the House what effect such amendments or propositions 
            shall have upon the measures to which they relate.

                Note.--Paragraph 4 of rule XXVIII of the Standing Rules 
            of the Senate requires a conference report to be accompanied 
            by an explanatory statement prepared jointly by the 
            conferees on the part of the House and the Senate. (See 
            Senate Manual section No. 28.4.)

        164      38. A conference report may not be received by the House 
            if no statement accompanies it.  (1404-1405.)
        165      39. Whether or not the detailed statement accompanying a 
            conference report is sufficient to comply with the rule 
            (XXVIII) is a question for the House, and not for the 
            Speaker, to determine.  (1402-1403.)
        166      40. A conference report may be presented after a motion 
            to adjourn has been made or when a Member is occupying the 
            floor for debate, but the report need not be disposed of 
            before the motion to adjourn is put.  (1393-1395.)
        167      41. A conference report is in order pending a demand for 
            the previous question.

            [55th Cong., 3d sess., Congressional Record, p. 867.]

                Note.--In the Senate the previous question is not in 
            use.

        168      42. A conference report has been given precedence over a 
            question of privilege.  (1397.)
        169      43. A conference report may be presented during the time 
            set apart for a special order for the consideration of 
            another measure.  (1400.)
        170      44. A conference report may be presented after a vote by 
            tellers and pending the question on ordering the yeas and 
            nays.  (1399.)
        171      45. A conference report has precedence of the question 
            on the reference of a bill, even though the yeas and nays 
            have been ordered.  (1398.)
        172      46. The consideration of a conference report may be 
            interrupted by the arrival of the hour previously fixed for 
            a recess.  (1396.)
        173      47. The question on the adoption of a final conference 
            report has precedence of a motion to recede and concur in 
            amendments of the other House.

                  [55th Cong., 3d sess., Congressional Record, p. 2927.]

                  REJECTION OF CONFERENCE REPORTS, EFFECTS OF, ETC.

        174      48. A bill and amendments having been once sent to 
            conference, do not, upon the rejection of the conference 
            report, return to their former state so that the amendments 
            may be sent to the Committee of the Whole.  (1389.)
        175      49. The rejection of a conference report leaves the 
            matter in the position it occupied before the conference was 
            asked.  (1390.)
        176      50. When a conference report is ruled out on a point of 
            order in the House it is equivalent to a negative vote on 
            the report, and the Senate is informed by message that the 
            House has ``disagreed'' to the report.  (1417.)

          
                           AMENDMENT OF CONFERENCE REPORTS

        177      51. It is not in order to amend a conference report, and 
            it must be accepted or rejected as an entirety.  (1366.)

               [Jefferson's Manual, Sec. XLVI; 4th Cong., 1st sess., S. 
                                                         Jour., p. 270.]

                Note.--Various instances are found where conference 
            reports agreed to by both Houses were amended and corrected 
            by concurrent resolution or order. (43d Cong., 2d sess., S. 
            Jour., pp. 372, 373, H. Jour., p. 610; Congressional Record, 
            p. 1990; 44th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., pp. 581, 708, H. 
            Jour., pp. 1087, 1252; 48th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., p. 
            859.)

                  REFERENCE AND RECOMMITMENT OF CONFERENCE REPORTS

        178      52. A conference report may not be referred to a 
            standing committee.  (1413.)
        179      53. A conference report may not be referred to the 
            Committee of the Whole, although in the earlier history of 
            the House this was sometimes done.  (1410, 1411.)
        180      54. It is not in order in the House to recommit a 
            conference report to the committee of conference.  (1412.)

                Note.--This rule is founded upon the decision of Speaker 
            Carlisle (49th Cong., 2d sess., Congressional Record, p. 
            880), which has been affirmed by subsequent Speakers, but 
            prior to that time many instances had occurred of 
            recommitting conference reports to the committee of 
            conference.

        181      55. It is in order in the Senate to recommit a 
            conference report to the committee of conference, but not 
            with instructions, according to the later decisions.

            [42d Cong., 3d sess., S. Jour., pp. 313, 554-557; 43d Cong., 
            1st sess., S. Jour., p. 865; 44th Cong., 1st sess., S. 
            Jour., p. 211; 49th Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., p. 151; 55th 
            Cong., 3d sess., Congressional Record, pp. 2823, 2842-3.]

                Note.--Inasmuch as concurrent action is necessary for 
            the recommittal of a conference report, the foregoing rule 
            of the House has necessitated a change in the practice, and 
            no effort has been made by the Senate in late years to 
            recommit a conference report. The purpose of a recommittal 
            can be attained, however, by a rejection of the report, when 
            another conference would be ordered, and in accordance with 
            usage the same conferees would be appointed.

                            TABLING OF CONFERENCE REPORTS

        182      56. The House has formally discarded the old practice of 
            allowing conference reports to be laid on the table.  (1407-
            1409.)

                Note.--The effect of the motion to lay on the table in 
            the House defeats the proposition. It is never taken up 
            again. Hence a conference report can not be laid on the 
            table; otherwise a conference report might be put beyond the 
            reach of either House. (Reed's Parliamentary Rules, Chap. 
            VIII, sec. 115.)

        183      57. The Senate practice allows conference reports to be 
            laid on the table.

                  [43d Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., p. 433; Congressional 
                                                 Record, pp. 2205-2206.]

                Note.--The effect of the motion to lay on the table in 
            the Senate, unlike that in the House, is simply to suspend 
            the consideration of a question during the pleasure of the 
            Senate, which can be again taken up on motion.

        184      58. A motion to reconsider the vote on agreeing to a 
            conference report may be laid on the table in the Senate 
            without carrying the report.

            [44th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., p. 234; Congressional 
            Record, p. 1253, 1254; Senate Manual (1901), Rule XIII, 
            clause 1, p. 13.]

                          WITHDRAWAL OF CONFERENCE REPORTS

        185      59. A conference report may be withdrawn in the Senate 
            on leave, and in the House by unanimous consent.

                Note.--In the 32d Congress, a conference report having 
            been agreed to in the Senate, the vote was reconsidered, the 
            bill returned from the House on request of the Senate, and 
            the committee of conference had leave to withdraw its 
            report. (32d Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., p. 420.)

                              FORM OF CONFERENCE REPORT

                  ------ Congress, ------ Session. H.R. [or S., as may be] 
            No. ------

                                  CONFERENCE REPORT

                The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of 
            the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate [or House, as 
            may be] to the Bill [or Resolution, as may be] (H.R. [or S., 
            as may be] ------), [title here] having met, after full and 
            free conference have agreed to recommend and do recommend to 
            their respective Houses as follows:
                That the Senate [or House, as may be] recede from its 
            amendments numbered * * *.
                That the House [or Senate, as may be] recede from its 
            disagreements to the amendments of the Senate [or House, as 
            may be] numbered * * * and agree to the same.
                Amendment numbered ------:
                That the House [or Senate, as may be] recede from its 
            disagreement to the amendment of the Senate [or House, as 
            may be] numbered ------, and agree to the same with an 
            amendment, as follows: * * *; and the Senate [or House, as 
            may be] agree to the same.
                Amendment numbered ------:
                That the Senate [or House, as may be] recede from its 
            disagreement to the amendment of the House [or Senate, as 
            may be] to the amendment of the Senate [or House, as may be] 
            numbered ------, and agree to the same.
                Amendment numbered ------:
                That the Senate [or House, as may be] recede from its 
            disagreement to the amendment of the House [or Senate, as 
            may be] to the amendment of the Senate [or House, as may be] 
            numbered ------, and agree to the same, with an amendment, 
            as follows: * * *; and the House [or Senate, as may be] 
            agree to the same.
                Amendments numbered ------:
                On the amendments of the Senate [or House, as may be] 
            numbered ------, the committee of conference have been 
            unable to agree.
                   (Signatures here)             (Signatures here)

                  -------- --------,            -------- --------,

                  -------- --------,            -------- --------,

                  -------- --------,            -------- --------,

                Managers on the             Managers on the
                  part of the ------.           part of the ------.

        187   JOINT EXPLANATORY STATEMENT OF THE COMMITTEE OF CONFERENCE 
                                         \1\

                The managers on the part of the House and the Senate at 
            the conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on 
            the amendment/amendments of the House/Senate to the bill/
            joint resolution (          ) submit the following joint 
            statement to the House and the Senate in explanation of the 
            effect of the action agreed upon by the managers and 
            recommended in the accompanying conference report:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                \1\This statement form replaces that formerly carried in 
            Cleaves' Manual. Rule XXVIII of the Standing Rules of the 
            Senate and Rule XXVIII of the Rules of the House of 
            Representatives provide that ``an explanatory statement 
            prepared jointly by the conferees on the part of the House 
            and the conferees on the part of the Senate'' shall 
            accompany each conference report.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    * * * * * * *

                   (Signatures here)             (Signatures here)

                  -------- --------,            -------- --------,

                  -------- --------,            -------- --------,

                  -------- --------,            -------- --------,

                Managers on the             Managers on the
                  part of the ------.           part of the ------.
            [188]_______________________________________________________

            ------------------------------------------------------------

             INDEX TO CLEAVES' MANUAL OF THE LAW AND PRACTICE IN REGARD 
                        TO CONFERENCES AND CONFERENCE REPORTS

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                                                                 Senate 
                                                                 Manual 
                                                                 Section
            After a conference denied.......................  127.5

            Amendment of conference reports.................  177
            Appointment of conferees........................  143
            Asked, when a conference is.....................  127.6

            Authority of conference committees..............  153
            Character of conferences........................  128
            Committees and reports, conference..............  153
            Conferees:
                Appointment of..............................  143
                Discharge of................................  146
                Instructions to.............................  147
                Conference after, after a free..............  127.4

            Conference:
                Free....................................... 127.2, 128  
                Simple..................................... 127.2, 128  
                Requests for................................  129
            Conference committees, authority of.............  153
            Conference committees and reports...............  153
            Conference reports:
                Amendment of................................  177
                Effects of, rejection of....................  174
                Form of.....................................  186
                Joint explanatory statement of conferees, 
            form of.........................................  187
                Reference and recommitment of...............  178
                Tabling of..................................  182
                Withdrawal of...............................  185
                Presentation and privilege of...............  161
            Conferences, character of.......................  128
            Conferences, either simple or free..............  128
            Conferences and conference reports, the law and 
            practice in regard to...........................  127
            Conferences as stated in Jefferson's Manual, 
            parliamentary law relating to...................  127
            Conferences may be asked........................  127.3

            Denied, after a conference......................  127.5

            Discharge of conferees..........................  146
            Form of conference report.......................  186
            Form of statement to accompany a conference 
            report required by House rule XXVIII and Senate 
            rule XXVIII.....................................  187
            Free conference.................................  128
            House, conferences must always be asked for by 
            House having the papers.........................  129
            House rule XXVIII, form of statement to 
            accompany a conference report required by.......  187
            Instructions to conferees.......................  147
            Law and practice in regard to conferences and 
            conference reports, the.........................  127
            Parliamentary law relating to conferences.......  127
            Presentation and privilege of conference reports  161
            Privilege of conference reports, presentation 
            and.............................................  161
            Practice in regard to conferees and conference 
            reports, the law and............................  127
            Recommitment of conference reports, reference 
            and.............................................  178
            Reference and recommitment of conference reports  178
            Rejection of conference reports, effect of, etc.  174
            Report can not be amended, conference...........  177
            Report, form of conference......................  186
            Reports:
                Amendment of conference.....................  177
                Conference committees and...................  153
                Effects of, etc., rejection of conference...  174
                Presentation and privilege of conference....  161
                Reference and recommitment of conference....  178
                Tabling of conference.......................  182
                The law and practice in regard to conference 
            and conference reports..........................  127
                Withdrawal of conference....................  185
            Requests for conferences........................  129
            Senate rule XXVIII, form of statement to 
            accompany a conference report required by.......  187
            Simple conference...............................  128
            Statement to accompany a conference report 
            required by House rule XXVIII, and Senate rule 
            XXVIII, form of.................................  187
            Tabling of conference reports...................  182
            The request for a conference must always be 
            asked by the House having the papers............  129
            When a conference is asked......................  127.6

            Withdrawal of conference reports................  185
                                        [200]

            ____________________________________________________________

              GENERAL AND PERMANENT LAWS RELATING TO THE UNITED STATES 
                                       SENATE

                [Data collected through 106th Congress, 1st Session]

                        Extracts from the United States Code

            ____________________________________________________________

                                  SECTIONS INCLUDED

                            TITLE 1.--GENERAL PROVISIONS

            Chapter 2.--Acts and Resolutions; Formalities of Enactment; 
                           Repeals; Sealing of Instruments

                                                         Senate 
             U.S. Code                                   Manual 
               Section                                   Section

            112.      Statutes at large; contents; 
                          admissibility in evidence......... 201
            112b.     United States International 
                          agreements, transmission to 
                          Congress.......................... 201.5

             Chapter 3.--Code of Laws of United States and Supplements; 
                      District of Columbia Code and Supplements

            211.      Copies [of Code of Laws] to Members of 
                          Congress.......................... 202
            212.      Additional distribution at each new 
                          Congress.......................... 203

                               TITLE 2.--THE CONGRESS

                Chapter 1.--Election of Senators and Representatives

            1.        Time for election of Senators......... 205
            1a.       Election to be certified by governor.. 206
            1b.       Same; countersignature by secretary of 
                          state............................. 207

                        Chapter 2.--Organization of Congress

            21.       Oath of Senators...................... 210
            22.       Oath of President of Senate........... 211
            23.       Presiding officer of Senate may 
                          administer oaths.................. 212
            24.       Secretary of Senate or Assistant 
                          Secretary of Senate may administer 
                          oaths............................. 213
            27.       Change of place of meeting............ 214
            30.       Term of service of Members of Congress 
                          as trustees or directors of 
                          corporations or institutions 
                          appropriated for.................. 215
            30a.      Jury duty exemption of elected 
                          officials of the legislative 
                          branch............................ 215a

                 Chapter 3.--Compensation and Allowances of Members

            31.       Compensation of Members of Congress... 220
            31-1.     [Repealed.]
            31-2.     Gifts and travel...................... 220.1
            31a-1.    Expense allowance of Majority and 
                          Minority Leaders of the Senate; 
                          expense allowance of Majority and 
                          Minority Whips; methods of 
                          payment; taxability............... 220.5
            31a-2.    Representation Allowance Account for 
                          the Majority and Minority Leaders. 220.6
            31a-2a.   Transfer of funds from representation 
                          allowance of Majority and Minority 
                          Leaders of the Senate to expense 
                          allowance; availability; 
                          definitions....................... 220.7
            31a-2b.   Transfer of funds from appropriations 
                          account of Majority and Minority 
                          Leaders of the Senate to 
                          appropriations account for 
                          ``Miscellaneous Items'' within 
                          Senate contingent fund............ 220.7a
            31a-3.    Expense allowance for Chairmen of 
                          Majority and Minority Conference 
                          Committees; method of payment; 
                          taxability........................ 220.8
            32.       Compensation of President pro tempore 
                          of Senate......................... 222
            32a.      Compensation of Deputy President pro 
                          tempore of Senate................. 222.5
            32b.      Expense allowance of President pro 
                          tempore of Senate; methods of 
                          payment; taxability............... 222.6
            33.       Senators' salaries.................... 223
            36.       Salaries of appointed Senators........ 224
            36a.      Payment of sums due deceased Senators 
                          and Senate personnel.............. 226
            39.       Deductions for absence................ 227
            40.       Deductions for withdrawal............. 228
            40a.      Deductions for delinquent indebtedness 229
            42a.      Special delivery postage allowance for 
                          President of the Senate........... 231
            43d.      Organizational expenses of Senator-
                          elect............................. 234
            46a.      Stationery allowance for President of 
                          the Senate........................ 236
            46a-1.    Revolving fund for stationery 
                          allowances; availability of 
                          unexpended balances; withdrawals.. 237
            46d-1.    Long-distance telephone calls for Vice 
                          President......................... 240
            47.       Mode of payment....................... 243
            48.       Certification of salary and mileage 
                          accounts.......................... 244
            55.       United States Code Annotated and 
                          United States Code Service; 
                          procurement for Senators.......... 245
            58.       Mail, telegraph, telephone, 
                          stationery, office supplies, and 
                          home State office and travel 
                          expenses for Senators............. 246
               (a)  Authorization for payment from Senate 
                        contingent fund......................246.1
               (b)  Limits for authorized expenses; recalculation 
                        formula..............................246.2
               (e)  Transportation, essential travel-related 
                        expenses, and per diem expenses; 
                        coverage; limitations; amounts.......246.3
               (g)  Closing of deceased Senator's State offic246.4
               (h)  Individuals serving on panels or other bodies 
                        recommending nominees for Federal 
                        judgeships or service academies, United 
                        States Attorneys or United States 
                        Marshalls............................246.5
               (i)  Authorization of Secretary of Senate to pay 
                        reimbursable expenses................246.6
               (j)  Advances from contingent fund of the Senate 
                        for travel expenses for official business 
                        trips; vouchers; settlement..........246.7
            58a.      Telecommunications services for 
                          Senators; payment of costs out of 
                          contingent fund................... 246.8
            58a-1.    Payment for telecommunications 
                          equipment and services; 
                          definitions....................... 246.8
            58a-2.    Certification of telecommunications 
                          equipment and services as official 246.8
            58a-3.    Report on telecommunications to 
                          Committee on Rules and 
                          Administration.................... 246.8
            58a-4.    Metered charges on copiers; 
                          certification of services as 
                          official; deposit of payments..... 246.9
            58c.      Senators' Official Personnel and 
                          Office Expense Account............ 246.10
            59.       Home State office space for Senators.. 247
               (a)  Procurement by Sergeant at Arms of Senate in 
                        places designated by Senator; places 
                        subject to use, lease of office space247.1
               (b)  Maximum amount of aggregate square feet for 
                        each Senator.........................247.2
               (c)  Maximum annual rental rate...............247.3
               (d)  Senators subject to maximum amount of 
                        aggregate square feet and maximum annual 
                        rental rate..........................247.4
               (e)   Omitted.................................247.5
               (f)   Mobile office...........................247.6
               (g)   Effective date..........................247.7
            59.1      Additional home State office space for 
                          Senators; declaration of disaster 
                          or emergency...................... 247.8
            59b.      Purchase of office equipment or 
                          furnishings by Senators........... 248
               (a)  Authorization; conditions................248.1
               (b)  Request by Senator and arrangement for 
                        purchase by Sergeant at Arms of Senate; 
                        regulations governing purchase; price248.2
               (c)  Remittance of amounts received to General 
                        Services Administration; disposition.248.3
            59e.      Official mail of persons entitled to 
                          use the congressional frank....... 248.6
            59f.      Mass mailings by Senate offices; 
                          quarterly statements; publication 
                          of summary tabulations............ 248.7
            59g.      Mass mailing of information under 
                          frank; quarterly registration of 
                          Senators with Secretary of Senate. 248.8

             Chapter 4.--Officers and Employees of Senate and House of 
                                   Representatives

            60-1.     Authority of officers of the Congress 
                          over Congressional employees...... 249
            60-2.     Amendment to Senate conflict of 
                          interest rule..................... 249.1
            60a-1.    Senate pay adjustments; action by 
                          President pro tempore of Senate... 249.5
            60a-1a.   Rates of compensation disbursed by 
                          Secretary of Senate; applicability 
                          of Senate pay adjustments by 
                          President pro tempore of Senate... 249.6
            60a-1b.   Senate pay adjustments; action by 
                          President pro tempore of Senate... 249.7
            60c-1.    Vice President, Senators, officers and 
                          employees paid by Secretary of the 
                          Senate; payment of salary; advance 
                          payment........................... 250
            60c-2.    [Repealed.]
            60c-2a.   Banking and financial transactions of 
                          Secretary of Senate............... 250.7
            60c-3.    Withholding and remittance of State 
                          income tax by Secretary of Senate. 251
            60c-4.    Withholding of charitable 
                          contributions from salaries 
                          disbursed by the Secretary of the 
                          Senate and from employees of the 
                          Architect of the Capitol.......... 251.1
            60j.      Longevity compensation................ 251.1-1
            60j-1.    Capitol Police longevity compensation. 251.2
            60j-2.    Longevity compensation for telephone 
                          operators on United States 
                          telephone exchange and members of 
                          Capitol Police paid by Chief 
                          Administrative Officer of House... 251.3
            60j-4.    Longevity compensation not applicable 
                          to individuals paid by Secretary 
                          of Senate; savings provisions..... 251.5
            61.       Limit on rate of compensation of 
                          officers and employees of Senate.. 252
            61-1.     Gross rate of compensation of 
                          employees paid by Secretary of 
                          Senate............................ 252.1
            61-1a.    Availability of appropriated funds for 
                          payment to an individual of pay 
                          from more than one position; 
                          conditions........................ 252.9
            61-1b.    Availability of appropriations during 
                          first three months of any fiscal 
                          year for aggregate of payments of 
                          gross compensation made to 
                          employees from Senate 
                          appropriation account for 
                          ``Salaries, Officers and 
                          Employees''....................... 252.10
            61-1c.    Aggregate gross compensation of 
                          employee of Senator of State with 
                          population under 5,000,000........ 252.11
            61a.      Compensation of Secretary of the 
                          Senate............................ 253
            61a-9.    Advancement by Secretary of the Senate 
                          of travel funds to employees under 
                          his jurisdiction for Federal 
                          Election Campaign Act travel 
                          expenses.......................... 254.8
            61a-9a.   Travel expenses of Secretary of 
                          Senate; advancement of travel 
                          funds to designated employees..... 254.9
            61a-11.   Abolition of statutory positions in 
                          the Office of the Secretary of the 
                          Senate; authority to establish and 
                          fix compensation.................. 255
            61b.      Compensation of Parliamentarian of 
                          Senate............................ 255.1
            61c-1.    Adjustment of rate of compensation by 
                          Secretary of the Senate........... 255.3
            61d.      Compensation of the Chaplain of the 
                          Senate............................ 256
            61d-1.    Compensation of employees of the 
                          Chaplain of the Senate............ 256.1
            61d-2.    Postage allowance for Chaplain of the 
                          Senate............................ 256.5
            61d-3.    Office of the Chaplain Expense 
                          Revolving Fund.................... 256.5
            61e.      Compensation of Sergeant at Arms and 
                          Doorkeeper of the Senate.......... 257
            61e-3.    Death, resignation, disability, or 
                          absence of Sergeant at Arms and 
                          Doorkeeper of the Senate.......... 257.5
            61e-4.    Designation by Sergeant at Arms and 
                          Door-keeper of Senate of persons 
                          to approve vouchers for payment of 
                          moneys............................ 257.6
            61f-1a.   Travel expenses of Sergeant at Arms 
                          and Doorkeeper of the Senate...... 258
            61f-7.    Abolition of statutory positions in 
                          the Office of the Sergeant at Arms 
                          and Doorkeeper of the Senate...... 258.5
            61f-8.    Use by Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper 
                          of the Senate of individual 
                          consultants or organizations and 
                          department and agency personnel... 259
            61g-6.    Payment of expenses of Conferences of 
                          the Majority and Minority from 
                          contingent fund of Senate......... 260
            61g-6a.   Salaries and expenses for the Majority 
                          and Minority Policy Committees and 
                          Conference Committees............. 260a
            61g-7.    Services of consultants to Majority or 
                          Minority Conference Committee of 
                          the Senate........................ 260.1
            61g-8.    Utilization of funds for specialized 
                          training of professional staff for 
                          Majority and Minority Conference 
                          Committee of the Senate........... 260.1a
            61h-4.    Appointment of employees by Majority 
                          and Minority Leaders of Senate.... 260.2
            61h-5.    Assistants to Majority and Minority 
                          Leaders for Floor Operations...... 260.3
            61h-6.    Appointment of consultants by Majority 
                          Leader, Minority Leader, Secretary 
                          of the Senate, and Legislative 
                          Counsel of the Senate............. 260.4
            61h-7.    Chief of Staff of the Majority and 
                          Minority Leaders.................. 260.4a
            61j-2.    Compensation and appointment of 
                          employees by Majority and Minority 
                          Whips of Senate................... 260.5
            61k.      Compensation and appointment of 
                          employees by President pro tempore 
                          of Senate......................... 260.6
            61l.      Administrative Assistant, Legislative 
                          Assistant, and Executive Secretary 
                          for Deputy President pro tempore 
                          of Senate......................... 260.7
            62.       Limitation on compensation of Sergeant 
                          at Arms and Doorkeeper of Senate.. 261
            63.       [Repealed.]........................... 262
            64.       Omitted............................... 263
            64-1.     Employees of Senate Disbursing Office, 
                          designation by Secretary of Senate 
                          to administer oaths and 
                          affirmations...................... 263.1
            64-2.     Transfer of funds by Secretary of 
                          Senate; approval of Committee on 
                          Appropriations.................... 263.2
            64-3.     Reimbursement for United States 
                          Capitol Police salaries paid by 
                          Senate for service at Federal Law 
                          Enforcement Training Center....... 263.3
            64a.      Death, resignation, or disability of 
                          Secretary and Assistant Secretary 
                          of Senate; Financial Clerk deemed 
                          successor as disbursing officer... 264
            64b.      Same; Assistant Secretary of Senate to 
                          act as Secretary.................. 265
            65a.      Insurance of office funds of Secretary 
                          of the Senate and Sergeant at 
                          Arms; payment of premiums......... 266
            65b.      Advances to Sergeant at Arms of the 
                          Senate for extraordinary expenses. 267
            65c.      Expense allowance for the Secretary of 
                          the Senate, Sergeant at Arms and 
                          Doorkeeper of the Senate, and 
                          Secretaries for the Majority and 
                          the Minority of the Senate........ 267.1
            65d.      Office Expenses of the Sergeant at 
                          Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate: 
                          advancement of funds.............. 267.2
            65f.      Funds for Secretary of the Senate to 
                          assist in proper discharge within 
                          United States of responsibilities 
                          to foreign parlimentary groups or 
                          other foreign officials........... 267.3
            66a.      Restriction on payment of dual 
                          compensation by Secretary of the 
                          Senate............................ 268
            67.       Clerks to Senators-elect.............. 269
            68.       Payments from contingent fund of 
                          Senate............................ 270
            68-1.     Designation of Rules Committee 
                          employees to approve vouchers on 
                          behalf of Committee............... 270.1
            68-2.     Appropriations for contingent expenses 
                          of Senate, restrictions........... 270.2
            68-3.     Establishment of separate accounts for 
                          the Secretary of the Senate and 
                          the Sergeant at Arms and 
                          Doorkeeper of the Senate.......... 270.3
            68-5.     Purchase, lease, exchange, 
                          maintenance, and operation of 
                          vehicles out of account for 
                          Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of 
                          the Senate within the contingent 
                          fund of the Senate; authorization 
                          of appropriations................. 270.4
            68-6.     Transfers from appropriations accounts 
                          for expenses of the Secretary of 
                          the Senate and Office of the 
                          Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of 
                          the Senate........................ 270.5
            68-6a.    Transfer of funds by Sergeant at Arms 
                          and Doorkeeper of Senate 
                          appropriations account within 
                          contingent fund of Senate for 
                          official expenses and other 
                          purposes available under 
                          appropriations account............ 270.6
            68-7.     Senate Office of Public Records 
                          Revolving Fund.................... 270.7
            68a.      Materials, supplies, and fuel payments 
                          from Senate contingent fund....... 271
            68b.      Per diem and subsistence expenses..... 272
            68c.      Computation of compensation for 
                          stenographic assistance of 
                          committees........................ 273
            68e.      Advance payments by Secretary of 
                          Senate............................ 273.2
            69.       Expenses of committees................ 274
            69-1.     Availability of funds for franked mail 
                          expenses.......................... 274.4
            69a.      Orientation seminars.................. 274.5
            69b.      Senate Leader's Lecture Series........ 274.6
            72a.      Committee staffs...................... 275
               (i)  Consultants for Senate and House standing 
                        committees...........................275.9
               (j)  Specialized training for professional staffs 
                        of Senate and House standing committees, 
                        Majority and Minority Policy Committees, 
                        and joint committees.................275.10
            72a-1e.   Assistance to Senators with committee 
                          memberships by employees in office 
                          of Senator........................ 277
            72a-1g.   Referral of ethics violations by the 
                          Senate Ethics Committee to the 
                          General Accounting Office for 
                          investigation..................... 278
            72d.      Committee on Appropriations; 
                          discretionary powers.............. 278.1
            72d-1.    Transfer of funds from the 
                          appropriation accounts for 
                          salaries or expenses for the 
                          Appropriations Committee of the 
                          Senate............................ 278.2
            74b.      Employment of additional 
                          administrative assistants......... 280
            88a.      [Repealed]............................ 281
            88b.      Education of other minors who are 
                          congressional employees........... 282
            88b-1.    Congressional pages................... 283
            88b-7.    Daniel Webster Senate Page Residence 
                          revolving fund.................... 284
            101.      Subletting duties of employees of 
                          Senate or House of Representatives 285
            102a.     Withdrawal of unexpended balances of 
                          appropriations.................... 287
            104a.     Semiannual statements of expenditures 
                          of Secretary of Senate and Chief 
                          Administrative Officer of House of 
                          Representatives................... 288
            105.      Preparation and contents of statement 
                          of appropriations................. 290
            106.      Stationery for Senate; advertisements 
                          for............................... 291
            107.      Opening bids for Senate and House 
                          stationery; awarding contracts.... 292
            108.      Contracts for separate parts of 
                          stationery........................ 293
            109.      American goods to be preferred in 
                          purchases for Senate and House of 
                          Representatives................... 294
            110.      Purchase of paper, envelopes, etc., 
                          for stationery rooms of Senate and 
                          House of Representatives.......... 295
            111.      Purchase of supplies for Senate and 
                          House of Representatives.......... 296
            111a.     Receipts from sales of items by 
                          Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of 
                          the Senate, to Senators, etc. to 
                          be credited to appropriation from 
                          which purchased................... 296.1
            112.      Purchases of stationery and materials 
                          for folding....................... 297
            113.      Detailed reports of receipts and 
                          expenditures by Secretary of 
                          Senate and Chief Administrative 
                          Officer of House of 
                          Representatives................... 298
            114.      Fees for copies from Senate journals.. 299
            117.      Sale of waste paper and condemned 
                          furniture......................... 300
            117b.     Disposal of used or surplus furniture 
                          and equipment..................... 300
            117b-1.   Receipts from sale of used or surplus 
                          furniture and furnishings of 
                          Senate............................ 300
            117b-2.   Transfer of excess or surplus 
                          educationally useful equipment to 
                          public schools.................... 300.1
            118.      Actions against officers for official 
                          acts.............................. 301
            118a.     Officers of Senate.................... 301.5
            119.      Stationery rooms of House and Senate; 
                          specifications of classes of 
                          articles purchasable.............. 302
            121.      Senate restaurant for deficit fund; 
                          deposits of proceeds from 
                          surcharge on orders............... 304
            121b-1.   Senate Hair Care Services; personnel; 
                          revolving fund.................... 304.5
            121c.     Office of Senate Health Promotion..... 304.7
            121d.     Senate Gift Shop...................... 304.8
            121e.     Payment of fees for services of 
                          Attending Physician and for use of 
                          Senate health and fitness 
                          facilities........................ 304.9
            123b.     House Recording Studio; Senate 
                          Recording Studio and Senate 
                          Photographic Studio............... 305
            123b-1.   Senate Recording Studio and Senate 
                          Photographic Studio as successors 
                          to Senate Recording and 
                          Photographic Studios; rules, 
                          regulations, and fees for 
                          photographs and photographic 
                          services.......................... 305.17
            123c.     Data processing equipment, software, 
                          and services...................... 305.20
            123c-1.   Computer programing services, advance 
                          payments.......................... 305.20-1
            123d.     Senate Computer Center................ 305.21
            123e.     Senate legislative information system. 305.22
            125a.     Death gratuity payments as gifts...... 306
            126-2.    Official reporters; designation....... 307.1
            126b.     Substitute and temporary reporters and 
                          transcribers; payment from 
                          contingent fund................... 307.2
            130a.     Nonpay status for Congressional 
                          employees studying under 
                          Congressional staff fellowships... 310
            130b.     Jury and witness service by employees 
                          of the Senate and the House....... 311
            130c.     Waiver by Secretary of the Senate of 
                          claims of the United States 
                          arising out of erroneous payments 
                          to Vice President, Senator, or 
                          Senate employee whose pay is 
                          disbursed by the Secretary of the 
                          Senate............................ 312
            130e.     Special Services Office............... 313

                           Chapter 5.--Library of Congress

            131.      Collections composing Library; 
                          location.......................... 315
            132.      Departments of Library................ 316
            132a.     Appropriations for increase of general 
                          library........................... 317
            132b.     Joint Committee on the Library........ 318
            133.      Joint Committee during recess of 
                          Congress.......................... 319
            136.      Librarian of Congress; appointment; 
                          rules and regulations............. 320
            136a-2.   Librarian of Congress and Deputy 
                          Librarian of Congress; 
                          compensation...................... 320.1
            138.      Law library open, when................ 322
            139.      Report of Librarian of Congress....... 323
            142j.     John C. Stennis Center for Public 
                          Service Training and Development.. 323.5
            145.      Copies of Journals and Documents...... 324
            145a.     Periodical binding of printed hearings 
                          of committee testimony............ 325
            146.      Deposit of Journals of Senate and 
                          House............................. 326
            154.      Library of Congress Trust Fund Board; 
                          members; quorum; seal; rules and 
                          regulations....................... 327
            156.      Same; gifts, etc., to................. 328
            157.      Same; trust funds; management of...... 329
            158.      Same; deposits with Treasurer of 
                          United States..................... 330
            158a.     Temporary possession of gifts of money 
                          or securities to Library of 
                          Congress; investment.............. 330.1
            159.      Same; perpetual succession; suits by 
                          or against........................ 331
            160.      Same; gifts, etc., to Library not 
                          affected.......................... 332
            161.      Same; gifts, etc., exempt from Federal 
                          taxes............................. 333
            166.      Congressional Research Service........ 334

                 Chapter 6.--Congressional and Committee Procedure: 
                                   Investigations

            191.      Oaths to witnesses.................... 348
            192.      Refusal of witness to testify......... 349
            193.      Privilege of witnesses................ 350
            194.      Witnesses failing to testify or 
                          produce records................... 351
            194a.     Request by Congressional committees to 
                          Presidential appointees to Federal 
                          departments, agencies, etc., 
                          concerned with foreign countries 
                          or multilateral organizations for 
                          expression of views and opinions.. 351.5
            194b.     Omitted............................... 351.6
            195a.     Restriction on payment of witness fees 
                          or travel and subsistence expenses 
                          to persons subpenaed by 
                          Congressional committees.......... 352
            195b.     Fees for witnesses requested to appear 
                          before Majority Policy Committee 
                          or Minority Policy Committee...... 352.5
            196.      Senate resolutions for investigations; 
                          limit of cost..................... 353
            198.      Adjournment........................... 354

                 [Provisions of Chapter 8A, Regulation of Lobbying, 
                             Transferred to Chapter 26.]

                      Chapter 9.--Office of Legislative Counsel

            271.      Establishment......................... 390
            272.      Appointment of Legislative Counsel; 
                          qualifications.................... 391
            273.      Compensation of Legislative Counsel... 392
            274.      Staff; office equipment and supplies.. 393
            275.      Functions............................. 394
            276.      Disbursement of appropriations........ 395
            276a.     Expenditures.......................... 395.1
            276b.     Travel and related expenses........... 395.2

                     Chapter 9D.--Office of Senate Legal Counsel

            288.      Office of Senate Legal Counsel........ 396
               (a)  Establishment; appointment of Counsel and 
                        Deputy Counsel; Senate approval; 
                        reappointment; compensation..........396.1
               (b)  Assistant counsels and other personnel; 
                        compensation; appointment; removal...396.2
               (c)  Consultants..............................396.3
               (d)  Policies and procedures..................396.4
               (e)  Delegation of duties.....................396.5
               (f)  Attorney-client relationship.............396.6
            288a.     Senate Joint Leadership Group......... 396.7
               (a)  Accountability of office.................396.7-1
               (b)  Membership...............................396.7-2
               (c)  Assistance of Secretary of Senate........396.7-3
            288b.     Requirements for authorizing 
                          representation activity........... 396.8
               (a)  Direction of Joint Leadership Group or Senate 
                        resolution...........................396.8-1
               (b)  Civil action to enforce subpena..........396.8-2
               (c)  Intervention or appearance...............396.8-3
               (d)  Immunity proceedings.....................396.8-4
               (e)  Resolution recommendations...............396.8-5
            288c.     Defending the Senate, committee, 
                          subcommittee, member, officer, or 
                          employee of the Senate............ 396.9
            288d.     Enforcement of Senate subpena or order 396.10
               (a)  Institution of civil actions.............396.10-1
               (b)  Actions in name of committees and 
                        subcommittees........................396.10-2
               (c)  Consideration of resolutions authorizing 
                        actions..............................396.10-3
               (d)  Rules of Senate..........................396.10-4
               (e)  Committee reports........................396.10-5
               (f)  Omitted..................................396.10-6
               (g)  Certification of failure to testify; cont396.10-7
            288e.     Intervention or appearance............ 396.11
               (a)  Actions or proceedings...................396.11-1
               (b)  Notification; publication................396.11-2
               (c)  Powers and responsibilities of Congress..396.11-3
            288f.     Immunity proceedings.................. 396.12
            288g.     Advisory and other functions.......... 396.13
               (a)  Cooperation with persons, committees, 
                        subcommittees, and offices...........396.13-1
               (b)  Legal research files.....................396.13-2
               (c)  Miscellaneous duties.....................396.13-3
            288h.     Defense of certain constitutional 
                          powers............................ 396.14
            288i.     Representation conflict or 
                          inconsistency..................... 396.15
               (a)  Notification.............................396.15-1
               (b)  Solution; publication in Congressional 
                        Record; review.......................396.15-2
               (c)  Computation of period following publicati396.15-3
               (d)  Reimbursement............................396.15-4
            288j.     Consideration of resolutions to direct 
                          counsel........................... 396.16
               (a)  Procedure; rules.........................396.16-1
               (b)  Definition...............................396.16-2
               (c)  Rules of the Senate......................396.16-3
            288k.     Attorney General relieved of 
                          responsibility.................... 396.17
            288l.     Procedural provisions................. 396.18
               (a)  Intervention or appearance...............396.18-1
               (b)  Compliance with admission requirements...396.18-2
               (c)  Standing to sue; jurisdiction............396.18-3
            288m.     Contingent fund....................... 396.19

              Chapter 11.--Citizens' Commission on Public Service and 
                                    Compensation

            351.      Citizens' Commission on Public Service 
                          and Compensation.................. 398
            352.      Membership............................ 398.1
            353.      Executive Director; additional 
                          personnel; detail of personnel of 
                          other agencies.................... 398.2
            354.      Use of United States mails by 
                          Commission........................ 398.3
            355.      Administrative support services....... 398.4
            356.      Functions of Commission............... 398.5
            357.      Report by Commission to the President 
                          with respect to pay............... 398.6
            358.      Recommendations of the President with 
                          respect to pay.................... 398.7
            359.      Effective date of recommendations of 
                          the President..................... 398.8
            360.      Effect of Presidential recommendations 
                          on existing law and prior 
                          recommendations................... 398.9
            361.      Publication of recommendations........ 398.10
            362.      Requirements applicable to 
                          recommendations................... 398.11
            363.      Additional function................... 398.12
            364.      Provision relating to certain other 
                          pay adjustments................... 398.13

              Chapter 13.--Joint Committee on Congressional Operations 
                                     [Repealed]

                       Chapter 14.--Federal Election Campaigns

                 subchapter i.--disclosure of federal campaign funds

            431.      Definitions........................... 399.8
            432.      Organization of political committees.. 399.9
            433.      Registration of political committees.. 399.10
            434.      Reporting requirements................ 399.11
            437.      Reports on convention financing....... 399.14
            437c.     Federal Election Commission........... 399.14-3
            437d.     Powers of Commission.................. 399.14-4
            437f.     Advisory opinions..................... 399.14-6
            437g.     Enforcement........................... 399.14-7
            437h.     Judicial review....................... 399.14-8
            438.      Administrative provisions............. 399.15
            439.      Statements filed with State officers; 
                          ``appropriate State'' defined; 
                          duties of State offices........... 399.16
            439a.     Use of contributed amounts for certain 
                          purposes.......................... 399.16-1
            439c.     Authorization of appropriations....... 399.16-3
            441a.     Limitation on contributions and 
                          expenditures...................... 399.17
            441b.     Contributions or expenditures by 
                          national banks, corporations, or 
                          labor organizations............... 399.17-1
            441c.     Contributions by government 
                          contractors....................... 399.17-2
            441d.     Publication and distribution of 
                          statements and solicitations; 
                          charge for newspaper or magazine 
                          space............................. 399.17-3
            441e.     Contributions by foreign nationals.... 399.17-4
            441f.     Contributions in name of another 
                          prohibited........................ 399.17-5
            441g.     Limitation on contribution of currency 399.17-6
            441h.     Fraudulent misrepresentation of 
                          campaign authority................ 399.17-7
            442.      Authority to procure technical support 
                          and other services and incur 
                          travel expenses; payment of such 
                          expenses.......................... 399.19

                         subchapter ii.--general provisions

            451.      Extension of credit by regulated 
                          industries; regulations........... 399.20
            452.      Prohibition against use of certain 
                          Federal funds for election 
                          activities; definitions........... 399.21
            453.      State laws affected................... 399.22
            454.      Partial invalidity.................... 399.23
            455.      Period of limitations................. 399.23-1

                    Chapter 15.--Office of Technology Assessment

            471.      Congressional findings and declaration 
                          of purpose........................ 399.24
            472.      Office of Technology Assessment....... 399.25
            473.      Technology Assessment Board........... 399.26
            474.      Director of Office of Technology 
                          Assessment........................ 399.27
            475.      Powers of Office of Technology 
                          Assessment........................ 399.28
            476.      Technology Assessment Advisory Council 399.29
            477.      Utilization of services of Library of 
                          Congress.......................... 399.30
            478.      Utilization of services of General 
                          Accounting Office................. 399.31
            479.      Coordination of activities with 
                          National Science Foundation....... 399.32
            480.      Annual report to Congress............. 399.33
            481.      Authorization of appropriations; 
                          availability of appropriations.... 399.34

                  Chapter 16.--Congressional Standards and Conduct

            502.      Select Committee on Standards and 
                          Conduct of the Senate............. 399.35

                      Chapter 17.--Congressional Budget Office

            601.      Establishment......................... 399.36
            602.      Duties and functions.................. 399.37
            603.      Public access to budget data.......... 399.38
            604.      Omitted............................... 399.38a
            605.      Sale or lease of property, supplies, 
                          or services....................... 399.38b
            606.      Disposition of surplus or obsolete 
                          personal property................. 399.38c
            607.      Lump-sum payments to separated 
                          employees for unused annual leave. 399.38d

              Chapter 17A.--Congressional Budget and Fiscal Operations

            621.      Congressional declaration of purpose.. 399.39-1
            622.      Definitions........................... 399.39-2
            623.      Continuing study of additional budget 
                          reform proposals.................. 399.39-3

                     subchapter i.--congressional budget process

            631.      Timetable............................. 399.39-4
            632.      Annual adoption of concurrent 
                          resolution on the budget.......... 399.39-5
            633.      Committee allocations................. 399.39-6
            634.      Adoption of first concurrent 
                          resolution on budget prior to 
                          consideration of legislation 
                          providing new budget authority.... 399.39-7
            635.      Permissible revisions of concurrent 
                          resolutions on the budget......... 399.39-8
            636.      Consideration of concurrent 
                          resolutions on budget............. 399.39-9
            637.      Legislation dealing with Congressional 
                          budget must be handled by Budget 
                          Committees........................ 399.39-10
            638.      House committee action on all 
                          appropriation bills to be 
                          completed by June 10.............. 399.39-11
            639.      Reports, summaries, and projections of 
                          Congressional budget actions...... 399.39-12
            640.      House approval of regular 
                          appropriation bills............... 399.39-13
            641.      Reconciliation........................ 399.39-14
            642.      Budget-related legislation must be 
                          within appropriate levels......... 399.39-15
            643.      Determinations and points of order.... 399.39-15a
            644.      Extraneous matter in reconciliation 
                          legislation....................... 399.39-15b
            645.      Adjustments........................... 399.39-15c
            645a.     Effect of adoption of a special order 
                          of business in the House of 
                          Representatives................... 399.39-15d

                          subchapter ii.--fiscal procedures

                             Part A.--General Provisions

            651.      Budget-related legislation not subject 
                          to appropriations................. 399.39-16
            652.      [Repealed]............................ 399.39-17
            653.      Analysis by Congressional Budget 
                          Office............................ 399.39-18
            654.      Study by General Accounting Office of 
                          forms of Federal financial 
                          commitment not reviewed annually 
                          by Congress....................... 399.39-19
            655.      Off-budget agencies, programs, and 
                          activities........................ 399.39-20
            656.      Member User Group..................... 399.39-20a

                              Part B.--Federal Mandates

            658.      Definitions........................... 399.39-21
            658a.     Exclusions............................ 399.39-21a
            658b.     Duties of congressional committees.... 399.39-21b
            658c.     Duties of the Director; statements on 
                          bills and joint resolutions other 
                          than appropriations bills and 
                          joint resolutions................. 399.39-21c
            658d.     Legislation subject to point of order. 399.39-21d
            658e.     Provisions relating to the House of 
                          Representatives................... 399.39-21e
            658f.     Requests to the Congressional Budget 
                          Office from Senators.............. 399.39-21f
            658g.     Clarification of application.......... 399.39-21g

                           subchapter iii.--credit reform

            661.      Purposes.............................. 399.39-22
            661a.     Definitions........................... 399.39-22a
            661b.     OMB and CBO analysis, coordination, 
                          and review........................ 399.39-22b
            661c.     Budgetary treatment................... 399.39-22c
            661d.     Authorizations........................ 399.39-22d
            661e.     Treatment of deposit insurance and 
                          agencies and other insurance 
                          programs.......................... 399.39-22e
            661f.     Effect on other laws.................. 399.39-22f

               subchapter iv.--budget agreement enforcement provisions

            665.      [Repealed]............................ 399.39-23
            665a.     [Repealed]............................ 399.39-23a
            665b.     [Repealed]............................ 399.39-23b
            665c.     [Repealed]............................ 399.39-23c
            665d.     [Repealed]............................ 399.39-23d
            665e.     [Repealed]............................ 399.39-23e

                Chapter 17B.--Impoundment Control and Line Item Veto

            681.      Disclaimer............................ 399.39-24
            682.      Definitions........................... 399.39-24a
            683.      Rescission of budget authority........ 399.39-24b
            684.      Proposed deferrals of budget authority 399.39-25
            685.      Transmission of messages; publication. 399.39-26
            686.      Reports by Comptroller General........ 399.39-27
            687.      Suits by Comptroller General.......... 399.39-28
            688.      Procedure in House of Representatives 
                          and Senate........................ 399.39-29
            691.      Line item veto authority.............. 399.39-34
            691a.     Special messages...................... 399.39-34a
            691b.     Cancellation effective unless 
                          disapproved....................... 399.39-34b
            691c.     Deficit reduction..................... 399.39-34c
            691d.     Expedited congressional consideration 
                          of disapproval bills.............. 399.39-34d
            691e.     Definitions........................... 399.39-34e
            691f.     Identification of limited tax benefits 399.39-34f
            692.      Judicial review....................... 399.39-35

             Chapter 20.--Emergency Powers to Eliminate Budget Deficits

            subchapter i.--elimination of deficits in excess of maximum 
                                   deficit amount

            900.      Statement of budget enforcement 
                          through sequestration............. 399.40
            901       Enforcing discretionary spending 
                          limits............................ 399.41
            902.      Enforcing pay-as-you-go............... 399.42
            903.      Enforcing deficit targets............. 399.43
            904.      Reports and orders.................... 399.44
            905.      Exempt programs and activities........ 399.45
            906.      General and special sequestration 
                          rules............................. 399.46
            907.      The baseline.......................... 399.47
            907a.     Suspension in the event of war or low 
                          growth............................ 399.47a
            907b.     Modification of Presidential order.... 399.47b
            907c.     Flexibility among defense programs, 
                          projects, and activities.......... 399.47c
            907d.     Special reconciliation process........ 399.47d
            908.      [Repealed]............................ 399.48
            909.      [Repealed]............................ 399.48a

                         subchapter ii.--operational review

            921.      Transferred........................... 399.49
            922.      Judicial review....................... 399.49a

               Chapter 22.--John C. Stennis Center for Public Service 
                              Training and Development

            1101.     Congressional findings................ 399.50
            1102.     Definitions........................... 399.51
            1103.     Establishment of the John C. Stennis 
                          Center for Public Service Training 
                          and Development................... 399.52
            1104.     Purposes and authority of the Center.. 399.53
            1105.     John C. Stennis Center for Public 
                          Service Development Trust Fund.... 399.54
            1106.     Expenditures and audit of Trust Fund.. 399.55
            1107.     Executive Director of Center.......... 399.56
            1108.     Administrative provisions............. 399.57
            1109.     Authorization for appropriations...... 399.58
            1110.     Appropriations........................ 399.59

                       Chapter 23.--Government Employee Rights

            1201.     Purpose and definitions............... 399.60
            1202.     Discriminatory practices prohibited... 399.61
            1219.     [Repealed]............................ 399.62
            1220.     Coverage of previously exempt State 
                          employees......................... 399.63

                      Chapter 24.--Congressional Accountability

                               subchapter i.--general

            1301.1    Definitions........................... 399.70-1
            1302.     Application of laws................... 399.70-2

                 subchapter ii.--extension of rights and protections

               Part A.--Employment Discrimination, Family and Medical 
            Leave, Fair Labor Standards, Employee Polygraph Protection, 
                  Worker Adjustment and Retraining, Employment and 
                     Reemployment of Veterans, and Intimidation

            1311.     Rights and protections under title VII 
                          of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 
                          the Age Discrimination in 
                          Employment Act of 1967, the 
                          Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and 
                          title I of the Americans with 
                          Disabilities Act of 1990.......... 399.71-1
            1312.     Rights and protections under the 
                          Family and Medical Leave Act of 
                          1993.............................. 399.71-2
            1313.     Rights and protections under the Fair 
                          Labor Standards Act of 1938....... 399.71-3
            1314.     Rights and protections under the 
                          Employee Polygraph Protection Act 
                          of 1988........................... 399.71-4
            1315.     Rights and protections under the 
                          Worker Adjustment and Retraining 
                          Notification Act.................. 399.71-5
            1316.     Rights and protections relating to 
                          veterans' employment and 
                          reemployment...................... 399.71-6
            1316a.    Legislative branch appointments....... 399.71-6a
            1317.     Prohibition of intimidation or 
                          reprisal.......................... 399.71-7

               Part B.--Public Services and Accommodations Under the 
                       Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990

            1331.     Rights and protections under the 
                          Americans with Disabilities Act of 
                          1990 relating to public services 
                          and accommodations; procedures for 
                          remedy of violations.............. 399.72

                 Part C.--Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

            1341.     Rights and protections under the 
                          Occupational Safety and Health Act 
                          of 1970; procedures for remedy of 
                          violations........................ 399.73-1

                         Part D.--Labor-Management Relations

            1351.     Application of chapter 71 of title 5, 
                          United States Code, relating to 
                          Federal service labor-management 
                          relations; procedures for remedy 
                          of violations..................... 399.74-1

                                  Part E.--General

            1361.     Generally applicable remedies and 
                          limitations....................... 399.75-1

                                   Part F.--Study

            1371.     Study and recommendations regarding 
                          General Accounting Office, 
                          Government Printing Office, and 
                          Library of Congress............... 399.76-1

                        subchapter iii.--office of compliance

            1381.     Establishment of Office of Compliance. 399.77-1
            1382.     Officers, staff, and other personnel.. 399.77-2
            1383.     Procedural rules...................... 399.77-3
            1384.     Substantive regulations............... 399.77-4
            1385.     Expenses.............................. 399.77-5

                subchapter iv.--administrative and judicial dispute-
                                resolution procedures

            1401.     Procedure for consideration of alleged 
                          violations........................ 399.78-1
            1402.     Counseling............................ 399.78-2
            1403.     Mediation............................. 399.78-3
            1404.     Election of proceeding................ 399.78-4
            1405.     Complaint and hearing................. 399.78-5
            1406.     Appeal to the Board................... 399.78-6
            1407.     Judicial review of Board decisions and 
                          enforcement....................... 399.78-7
            1408.     Civil action.......................... 399.78-8
            1409.     Judicial review of regulations........ 399.78-9
            1410.     Other judicial review prohibited...... 399.78-10
            1411.     Effect of failure to issue regulations 399.78-11
            1412.     Expedited review of certain appeals... 399.78-12
            1413.     Privileges and immunities............. 399.78-13
            1414.     Settlement of complaints.............. 399.78-14
            1415.     Payments.............................. 399.78-15
            1416.     Confidentiality....................... 399.78-16

                       subchapter v.--miscellaneous provisions

            1431.     Exercise of rulemaking powers......... 399.79-1
            1432.     Political affiliation and place of 
                          residence......................... 399.79-2
            1433.     Nondiscrimination rules of the House 
                          and Senate........................ 399.79-3
            1434.     Judicial branch coverage study........ 399.79-4
            1435.     Savings provisions.................... 399.79-5
            1436.     Use of frequent flyer miles........... 399.79-6
            1437.     Sense of Senate regarding adoption of 
                          simplified and streamlined 
                          acquisition procedures for Senate 
                          acquisitions...................... 399.79-7
            1438.     Severability.......................... 399.79-8

                        Chapter 25.--Unfunded Mandates Reform

            1501.     Purposes.............................. 399.80-1
            1502.     Definitions........................... 399.80-2
            1503.     Exclusions............................ 399.80-3
            1504.     Agency assistance..................... 399.80-4

                subchapter i.--legislative accountability and reform

            1511.     Cost of regulations................... 399.81-1
            1512.     Consideration for Federal funding..... 399.81-2
            1513.     Impact on local governments........... 399.81-3
            1514.     Enforcement in the House of 
                          Representatives................... 399.81-4
            1515.     Exercise of rulemaking powers......... 399.81-5
            1516.     Authorization of appropriations....... 399.81-6

                subchapter ii.--regulatory accountability and reform

            1531.     Regulatory process.................... 399.83-1
            1532.     Statements to accompany significant 
                          regulatory actions................ 399.83-2
            1533.     Small government agency plan.......... 399.83-3
            1534.     State, local, and tribal government 
                          input............................. 399.83-4
            1535.     Least burdensome option or explanation 
                          required.......................... 399.83-5
            1536.     Assistance to the Congressional Budget 
                          Office............................ 399.83-6
            1537.     Pilot program on small government 
                          flexibility....................... 399.83-7
            1538.     Annual statements to Congress on 
                          agency compliance................. 399.83-8

                     subchapter iii.--review of federal mandates

            1551.     Baseline study of costs and benefits.. 399.85-1
            1552.     Report on Federal mandates by Advisory 
                          Commission on Intergovernmental 
                          Relations......................... 399.85-2
            1553.     Special authorities of Advisory 
                          Commission........................ 399.85-3
            1554.     Annual report to Congress regarding 
                          Federal court rulings............. 399.85-4
            1555.     Definition............................ 399.85-5
            1556.     Authorization of appropriations....... 399.85-6

                           subchapter iv.--judicial review

            1571.     Judicial review....................... 399.87-1

                   Chapter 26.--Disclosure of Lobbying Activities

            1601.     Findings.............................. 399.90-1
            1602.     Definitions........................... 399.90-2
            1603.     Registration of lobbyists............. 399.90-3
            1604.     Reports by registered lobbyists....... 399.90-4
            1605.     Disclosure and enforcement............ 399.90-5
            1606.     Penalties............................. 399.90-6
            1607.     Rules of construction................. 399.90-7
            1608.     Severability.......................... 399.90-8
            1609.     Identification of clients and covered 
                          officials......................... 399.90-9
            1610.     Estimates based on tax reporting 
                          system............................ 399.90-10
            1611.     Exempt organizations.................. 399.90-11
            1612.     Sense of the Senate that lobbying 
                          expenses should remain 
                          nondeductible..................... 399.90-12

                               TITLE 3.--THE PRESIDENT

                  Chapter 1.--Presidential Elections and Vacancies

            1.        Time of appointing electors........... 400
            2.        Failure to make choice on prescribed 
                          day............................... 401
            3.        Number of electors.................... 402
            4.        Vacancies in electoral college........ 403
            5.        Determination of controversy as to 
                          appointment of electors........... 404
            6.        Credentials of electors; transmission 
                          to Archivist of the United States 
                          and to Congress; public inspection 405
            7.        Meeting and vote of electors.......... 406
            8.        Manner of voting...................... 407
            9.        Certificates of votes for President 
                          and Vice President................ 408
            10.       Sealing and endorsing certificates.... 409
            11.       Disposition of certificates........... 410
            12.       Failure of certificates of electors to 
                          reach President of Senate or 
                          Archivist of the United States; 
                          demand on State for certificate... 411
            13.       Same; demand on district judge for 
                          certificate....................... 412
            14.       Forfeiture for messenger's neglect of 
                          duty.............................. 413
            15.       Counting electoral votes in Congress.. 414
            16.       Same; seats for officers and Members 
                          of two Houses in joint meeting.... 415
            17.       Same; limit of debate in each House... 416
            18.       Same; parliamentary procedure at joint 
                          meeting........................... 417
            19.       Vacancy in offices of both President 
                          and Vice President; officers 
                          eligible to act................... 418
            20.       Resignation or refusal of office...... 419
            21.       Definitions........................... 419.1

                  Chapter 2.--Office and Compensation of President

            101.      Commencement of term of office........ 420
            104.      Salary of the Vice President.......... 421
            111.      Expense allowance of Vice President... 422

             TITLE 4.--FLAG AND SEAL, SEAT OF GOVERNMENT, AND THE STATES

                               Chapter 4.--The States

            113.      Residence of Members of Congress for 
                          State income tax laws............. 425

                   TITLE 5.--GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES

                Chapter 8.--Congressional Review of Agency Rulemaking

            801.      Congressional review.................. 429.1
            802.      Congressional disapproval procedure... 429.2
            803.      Special rule on statutory, regulatory, 
                          and judicial deadlines............ 429.3
            804.      Definitions........................... 429.4
            805.      Judicial review....................... 429.5
            806.      Applicability; severability........... 429.6
            807.      Exemption for monetary policy......... 429.7
            808.      Effective date of certain rules....... 429.8

                Chapter 29.--Commissions, Oaths, Records, and Reports

                   subchapter i.--commissions, oaths, and records

            2905.     Oath; renewal......................... 430

                               subchapter ii.--reports

            2954.     Information to committees of Congress 
                          on request........................ 431

                        Chapter 31.--Authority For Employment

            3110.     Employment of relatives; restrictions. 431.1

                 Chapter 33.--Examination, Selection, and Placement

                           subchapter ii.--oath of office

            3333.     Employee affidavit; loyalty and 
                          striking against the Government... 432

                           Chapter 55.--Pay Administration

                          subchapter i.--general provisions

            5503.     Recess appointments................... 433

                    subchapter iv.--dual pay and dual employment

            5531.     Definitions........................... 433.1
            5532.     [Repealed]............................ 433.2
            5533.     Dual pay from more than one position; 
                          limitations; exceptions........... 433.3

                Chapter 57.--Travel, Transportation, and Subsistence

            5702.     Per diem; employees traveling on 
                          official business................. 433.4
            5704.     Mileage and related allowances........ 433.5
            5706.     Allowable travel expenses............. 433.6
            5708.     Effect on other statutes.............. 433.7
            5742.     Transportation of remains, dependents, 
                          and effects; death occurring away 
                          from official station or abroad... 433.8

                   Chapter 73.--Suitability, Security, and Conduct

                       subchapter ii.--employment limitations

            7311.     Loyalty and striking.................. 434

                    subchapter iv.--foreign gifts and decorations

            7342.     Receipt and disposition of foreign 
                          gifts and decorations............. 434.5
                      Chapter 81.--Compensation For Work 
                          Injuries.......................... 434.6

                       (Not included. See 5 U.S.C. 8101-8152.)

                      Chapters 83 and 84.--Retirement....... 435

                 (Not included. See 5 U.S.C. 8331-8351; 8401-8479.)

                      Chapter 87.--Life Insurance........... 436

                       (Not included. See 5 U.S.C. 8701-8716.)

                      Chapter 89.--Health Insurance......... 437

                       (Not included. See 5 U.S.C. 8901-8914.)

                                     Appendix 2

                      Federal Advisory Committee Act........ 438

              (Appears in title 5, United States Code, as appendix 2.)

                                     Appendix 4

               Financial Disclosure Requirements of Federal Personnel

            101.      Persons required to file.............. 439.1
            102.      Contents of reports................... 439.2
            103.      Filing of reports..................... 439.3
            104.      Failure to file or filing false 
                          reports........................... 439.4
            105.      Custody of and public access to 
                          reports........................... 439.5
            106.      Review of reports..................... 439.6
            107.      Confidential reports and other 
                          additional requirements........... 439.7
            108.      Authority of Comptroller General...... 439.8
            109.      Definitions........................... 439.9
            110.      Notice of actions taken to comply with 
                          ethics agreements................. 439.10
            111.      Administration of provisions.......... 439.11

              Governmentwide Limitations on Outside Earned Income and 
                                     Employment

            501.      Outside earned income limitation...... 440.1
            502.      Limitations on outside employment..... 440.2
            503.      Administration........................ 440.3
            504.      Civil penalties....................... 440.4
            505.      Definitions........................... 440.5

                               TITLE 10.--ARMED FORCES

                          Chapter 2.--Department of Defense

            114.      Annual authorization of appropriations 441
            115.      Personnel strengths: requirement for 
                          annual authorization.............. 441.1
            115a.     Annual manpower requirements report... 441.1a
            116.      Annual operations and maintenance 
                          report............................ 441.2
            119.      Special access programs: congressional 
                          oversight......................... 441.2a

                         Chapter 9.--Defense Budget Matters

            221.      Future-years defense program: 
                          submission to Congress; 
                          consistency in budgeting.......... 441.2b
            222.      Future-years mission budget........... 441.2c
            226.      Scoring of outlays.................... 441.2d

                    Chapter 403.--United States Military Academy

            4342.      Cadets: appointment; numbers, 
                          territorial distribution.......... 441.5
            4355.     Board of Visitors..................... 442

                      Chapter 603.--United States Naval Academy

            6954.     Midshipmen: number.................... 442.5
            6956.     Midshipmen: nomination and selection 
                          to fill vacancies................. 442.6
            6968.      Board of Visitors.................... 443

                    Chapter 903.--United States Air Force Academy

            9342.     Cadets: appointment; numbers, 
                          territorial distribution.......... 443.5
            9355.     Board of Visitors..................... 444

              Chapter 1013.--Budget Information and Annual Reports to 
                                      Congress

            10541.    National Guard and reserve component 
                          equipment; annual report to 
                          Congress.......................... 445

                            TITLE 12.--BANKS AND BANKING

                         Chapter 3.--Federal Reserve System

            303.      Qualifications and disabilities [of 
                          members of Board of Governors of 
                          Federal Reserve System]........... 445

                               TITLE 14.--COAST GUARD

                           Chapter 9.--Coast Guard Academy

            194.      Annual Board of Visitors.............. 446

                            TITLE 15.--COMMERCE AND TRADE

                     Chapter 21.--National Policy on Employment

            1022.     Economic Report of the President; 
                          coverage; supplementary reports; 
                          reference to congressional joint 
                          committee; percentage rate of 
                          employment; definitions........... 446.5
            1024.     Joint Economic Committee.............. 447
            1025.     Same; printing of monthly publication 
                          entitled ``Economic Indicators''; 
                          distribution...................... 448

                      TITLE 18.--CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

               Chapter 11.--Bribery, Graft, and Conflicts of Interest

            201.      Bribery of public officials and 
                          witnesses......................... 450
            202.      Definitions........................... 451
            203.      Compensation to Members of Congress, 
                          officers, and others in matters 
                          affecting the Government.......... 452
            204.      Practice in U.S. Claims Court or U.S. 
                          Court of Appeals for the Federal 
                          Circuit........................... 453
            205.      Activities of officers and employees 
                          in claims against and other 
                          matters affecting the Government.. 454
            210.      Offer to procure appointive public 
                          office............................ 455
            211.      Acceptance or solicitation to obtain 
                          appointive public office.......... 456

               Chapter 18.--Congressional, Cabinet, and Supreme Court 
                       Assassination, Kidnapping, and Assault

            351.      Congressional, cabinet, and supreme 
                          court assassination, kidnapping, 
                          and assault; penalties............ 458

                               Chapter 23.--Contracts

            431.      Contracts by Members of Congress...... 460
            432.      Officer or employee contracting with 
                          Member of Congress................ 461
            433.      Exemptions with respect to certain 
                          contracts......................... 462

                   Chapter 29.--Elections and Political Activities

            594.      Intimidation of voters................ 462.1-1
            595.      Interference by administrative 
                          employees of Federal, State, or 
                          Territorial Governments........... 462.1-2
            597.      Expenditures to influence voting...... 462.2
            598.      Coercion by means of relief 
                          appropriations.................... 462.3
            599.      Promise of appointment by candidate... 462.4
            600.      Promise of employment or other benefit 
                          for political activity............ 462.5
            601.      Deprivation of employment or other 
                          benefit for political contribution 462.6
            602.      Solicitation of political 
                          contributions..................... 462.7
            603.      Making political contributions........ 462.8
            604.      Solicitation from persons on relief... 462.9
            605.      Disclosure of names of persons on 
                          relief............................ 462.10
            606.      Intimidation to secure political 
                          contributions..................... 462.11
            607.      Place of solicitation................. 462.12

                      Chapter 35.--Emblems, Insignia and Names

            713.      Uses of likenesses of the great seal 
                          of the United States, the seals of 
                          the President and Vice President, 
                          and the seals of the United States 
                          Senate, House of Representatives, 
                          and Congress...................... 462.17

                        Chapter 37.--Espionage and Censorship

            798.      Disclosure of classified information.. 462.19

                         Chapter 73.--Obstruction of Justice

            1505.     Obstruction of proceedings before 
                          departments, agencies, and 
                          committees........................ 462.20

                             Chapter 83.--Postal Service

            1719.     Franking privilege.................... 463

                     Chapter 93.--Public Officers and Employees

            1906.     Disclosure of information from a bank 
                          examination report................ 463.5
            1913.     Lobbying with appropriated moneys..... 464
            1918.     Disloyalty and asserting the right to 
                          strike against the Government..... 464.1

                           Part V.--Immunity of Witnesses

            6001.     Definitions........................... 465.1
            6002.     Immunity generally.................... 465.2
            6005.     Congressional proceedings............. 465.3

                              TITLE 19.--CUSTOMS DUTIES

                           Chapter 12.--Trade Act of 1974

                   subchapter i.--negotiating and other authority

                 Part 5.--Congressional Procedures With Respect to 
                                Presidential Actions

            2191.     Bills implementing trade agreements on 
                          nontariff barriers and resolutions 
                          approving commercial agreements 
                          with Communist countries.......... 465.4
            2192.     Resolutions disapproving certain 
                          actions........................... 465.5
            2193.     Resolutions relating to extension of 
                          waiver authority under section 402 
                          of the Trade Act of 1974.......... 465.6
            2194.     Special rules relating to 
                          Congressional procedures.......... 465.7

                     Part 6.--Congressional Liaison and Reports

            2211.     Congressional advisers for trade 
                          policy and negotiations........... 465.8
            2212.     Transmission of agreements to Congress 465.9
            2213.     Reports............................... 465.10

               Part 8.--Identification of Market Barriers and Certain 
                                Unfair Trade Actions

            2241.     Estimates of barriers to market access 465.11

                Chapter 17.--Negotiation and Implementation of Trade 
                                     Agreements

            2903.     Implementation of trade agreements.... 465.12

                     Chapter 22.--Uruguay Round Trade Agreements

            3534.     Annual report on the WTO.............. 465.13
            3535.     Review of participation in the WTO.... 465.14

                                TITLE 20.--EDUCATION

                         Chapter 3.--Smithsonian Institution

            42.       Board of Regents; Members............. 470
            43.       Appointment of regents; terms of 
                          office; vacancies................. 471

                    TITLE 22.--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE

                 Chapter 7.--International Bureaus, Congresses, Etc.

            276.      Bureau of Interparliamentary Union; 
                          American group; authorization of 
                          appropriations; disbursements..... 471.5
            276a-2.   Conference of the Interparliamentary 
                          Union and all other parliamentary 
                          conferences; appointment of 
                          delegates from Senate; Chairman; 
                          Vice Chairman..................... 471.6
            276a-3.   Executive secretary of American group 
                          of Interparliamentary Union....... 471.7
            276a-4.   Auditing of accounts of House and 
                          Senate delegations to 
                          Interparliamentary Union; finality 
                          and conclusiveness of certificate 
                          of Chairman....................... 471.8
            276c-1.   Reports of expenditures by members of 
                          American groups or delegations and 
                          employees; consolidated reports by 
                          Congressional Committees; public 
                          inspection........................ 471.9
            276d.     Canada-United States 
                          Interparliamentary Group.......... 471.10
            276e.     Authorizations of appropriations; 
                          disbursements..................... 471.10a
            276h.     Mexico-United States 
                          Interparliamentary Group.......... 471.11
            276i      Authorization of appropriations; 
                          disbursements..................... 471.11a
            276l.     British-American Interparliamentary 
                          Group............................. 471.12
            276m.     United States Delegation to the 
                          Parliamentary Assembly of the 
                          Conference on Security and 
                          Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)...... 471.13

                        Chapter 24.--Mutual Security Program

            1754.     Foreign currencies; availability to 
                          Members and employees of Congress; 
                          authorization requirements; 
                          reports........................... 472
            1928a.    North Atlantic Treaty Parliamentary 
                          Conference; participation; 
                          appointment of United States Group 472.5
            1928b.    Authorization of appropriations....... 472.6

                          TITLE 26.--INTERNAL REVENUE CODE

                              Subtitle A.--Income Taxes

                        Chapter 1.--Normal Taxes and Surtaxes

                    subchapter b.--computation of taxable income

                Part II.--Items Specifically Included in Gross Income

            84.       Transfer of appreciated property to 
                          political organization............ 473

                 Part VI.--Itemized Deductions for Individuals and 
                                    Corporations

            162.      Trade or business expenses............ 474

                         subchapter f.--exempt organizations

                          Part VI.--Political Organizations

            527.      Political organizations............... 474.5

             subchapter n.--tax based on income from sources within or 
                              without the united states

                Part II.--Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Corporations

                        subpart d.--miscellaneous provisions

            896.      Adjustment of tax on nationals, 
                          residents, and corporations of 
                          certain foreign countries......... 474.13

                       subchapter p.--capital gains and losses

             Part III.--General Rules for Determining Capital Gains and 
                                       Losses

            1221.     Capital asset defined................. 474.15

                      Subtitle F.--Procedure and Administration

                        Chapter 61.--Information and Returns

                       subchapter b.--miscellaneous provisions

            6103.     Confidentiality and disclosure of 
                          returns and return information.... 475
            6104.     Publicity of information required from 
                          certain exempt organizations and 
                          certain trusts.................... 475.5

            Chapter 78.--Discovery of Liability and Enforcement of Title

                      subchapter a.--examination and inspection

            7608.     Authority of internal revenue 
                          enforcement officers.............. 475.6-1

                              Chapter 79.--Definitions

            7701.     Definitions........................... 475.7
            7701j.    Tax treatment of Federal Thrift 
                          Savings Fund...................... 475.8
            7701k.    Treatment of certain amounts paid to 
                          charity........................... 475.9

                             Chapter 80.--General Rules

                 subchapter a.--application of internal revenue laws

            7802.     Internal Revenue Service Oversight 
                          Board............................. 475.10
            7803.     Commissioner of Internal Revenue; 
                          other officials................... 475.13
            7805.     Rules and regulations................. 475.15

                    Subtitle G.--The Joint Committee on Taxation

               Chapter 91.--Organization and Membership of the Joint 
                                      Committee

            8001.     Authorization......................... 476
            8002.     Membership............................ 476.1
            8003.     Election of chairman and vice chairman 476.6
            8004.     Appointment and compensation of staff. 476.7
            8005.     Payment of expenses................... 476.8

                Chapter 92.--Powers and Duties of the Joint Committee

            8021.     Powers................................ 477
            8022.     Duties................................ 477.5
            8023.     Additional powers to obtain data...... 478

              Subtitle H.--Financing of Presidential Election Campaigns

                  Chapter 95.--Presidential Election Campaign Fund

            9009.     Reports to Congress; regulations...... 478.5

             Chapter 96.--Presidential Primary Matching Payment Account

            9039.     Reports to Congress; regulations...... 478.10

                            Subtitle I.--Trust Fund Code

                            Chapter 98.--Trust Fund Code

                          subchapter b.--general provisions

            9602.     Management of trust funds............. 478.14

                     TITLE 28.--JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE

                          Chapter 39.--Independent Counsel

                        (Note: Chapter expired June 30, 1999)

            596.      Removal of an independent counsel; 
                          termination of office............. 479.1

                     Chapter 85.--District Courts; Jurisdiction

            1365.     Senate actions........................ 479.2

                 Chapter 91.--United States Court of Federal Claims

            1492.     Congressional reference cases......... 479.3

                         Chapter 115.--Evidence; Documentary

            1736.     Congressional Journals................ 480

                            Chapter 131.--Rules of Courts

            2076.     Rules of evidence (repealed).......... 480.3

                Chapter 165.--United States Court of Federal Claims 
                                      Procedure

            2509.     Congressional reference cases......... 480.5

                            TITLE 31.--MONEY AND FINANCE

                        Chapter 7.--General Accounting Office

            701.      Definitions........................... 481
            712.      Investigating the use of public money. 481.1
            717.      Evaluating programs and activities of 
                          the United States Government...... 481.2
            718.      Availability of draft reports......... 481.3
            719.      Comptroller General reports........... 481.4
            720.      Agency reports........................ 481.5
            734.      Assignments and details to Congress... 481.6

              Chapter 11.--The Budget and Fiscal, Budget, and Program 
                                     Information

            1101.     Definitions........................... 482
            1102.     Fiscal year........................... 482.1
            1103.     Budget ceiling........................ 483
            1104.     Budget and appropriations authority of 
                          the President..................... 483.1
            1105.     Budget contents and submission to 
                          Congress.......................... 484
            1106.     Supplemental budget estimates and 
                          changes........................... 484.1
            1107.     Deficiency and supplemental 
                          appropriations.................... 485
            1108.     Preparation and submission of 
                          appropriations requests to the 
                          President......................... 485.1
            1109.     Current programs and activities 
                          estimates......................... 486
            1110.     Year-ahead requests for authorizing 
                          legislation....................... 486.1
            1111.     Improving economy and efficiency...... 487
            1112.     Fiscal, budget, and program 
                          information....................... 487.1
            1113.     Congressional information............. 488
            1114.     Repealed.............................. 489

                 Chapter 33.--Depositing, Keeping, and Paying Money

                               subchapter 2.--payments

            3332.     Required direct deposit............... 489.1

                              TITLE 39.--POSTAL SERVICE

                                Part IV.--Mail Matter

                        Chapter 32.--Penalty and Franked Mail

            3201.     Definitions........................... 490
            3210.     Franked mail transmitted by the Vice 
                          President, Members of Congress, 
                          and congressional officials....... 491
            3211.     Public documents...................... 492
            3212.     Congressional Record under frank of 
                          Members of Congress............... 493
            3213.     Seeds and reports from Department of 
                          Agriculture....................... 494
            3215.     Lending or permitting use of frank 
                          unlawful.......................... 495
            3216.     Reimbursement for franked mailings.... 496
            3218.     Franked mail for survivors of Members 
                          of Congress....................... 496.1
            3219.     Mailgrams............................. 496.2
            3220.     Use of official mail in the location 
                          and recovery of missing children.. 496.3
            ......    Domestic Mail Manual Provisions 
                          Relating to the Congressional 
                          franking privilege................ 497

                  TITLE 40.--PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PROPERTY, AND WORKS

                      Chapter 2.--Capitol Building and Grounds

            161.      Title of Superintendent of Capitol 
                          Building and Grounds changed to 
                          Architect of the Capitol.......... 500
            162.      Architect of the Capitol; powers and 
                          duties............................ 501
            162-1.    Appointment of Architect of the 
                          Capitol........................... 501.1
            162a.     Same; compensation.................... 501.2
            162b.     Same; semiannual report of 
                          expenditures...................... 501.3
            163.      Same; care and superintendence of 
                          Capitol........................... 502
            163a.     Same; exterior of Capitol............. 503
            163b.     Same; delegation of authority......... 504
            164a.     Same; Assistant Architect of the 
                          Capitol to act in case of absence, 
                          disability, or vacancy............ 505
            166.      Same; repairs of Capitol.............. 506
            ......    Extension, reconstruction, and 
                          replacement of central portion of 
                          the Capitol....................... 506.1
            Note:     Overall plan for satisfying 
                          telecommunications requirements of 
                          legislative branch................ 506.1
            Note:     Energy management requirements for 
                          Congressional buildings........... 506.1
            166a.     Omitted...............................   
            166b-1a.  Compensation of employees under 
                          Architect of Capitol; single per 
                          annum gross rates................. 508.1
            166b-1b.  Same; conversion...................... 508.2
            166b-1c.  Same; obsolete references in existing 
                          law............................... 508.3
            166b-1d.  Same; savings provisions.............. 508.4
            166b-1e.  Same; effect on existing law.......... 508.5
            166b-1f.  Same; exemptions...................... 508.6
            166b-2.   Registered nurses compensated under 
                          appropriations for Capitol 
                          Buildings, Senate Office Buildings 
                          and House Office Buildings; 
                          allocation to General Schedule 
                          salary grade...................... 509
            166b-3a.  Compensation of certain positions in 
                          Office of Architect of Capitol.... 509.1
            166b-6.   Assignment and reassignment of 
                          personnel by Architect of Capitol 
                          for personal services............. 509.2
            168.      Heating and ventilating Senate wing... 510
            170.      Purchase of furniture or carpets for 
                          House or Senate................... 511
            174b.     Senate Office Buildings; approval of 
                          structural changes by Architect of 
                          Capitol........................... 512
            174b-1.   Same; additional Senate office 
                          building.......................... 513
            ......    Extension of additional Senate Office 
                          Building site..................... 513.1
            ......    Construction of an extension to the 
                          New Senate Office Building........ 513.2
            ......    Acquisition of property as site for 
                          parking facilities for the United 
                          States Senate..................... 513.3
            ......    Plans for garage and related 
                          facilities for the United States 
                          Senate............................ 513.4
            ......    City Post Office Building; leased 
                          property as part of Senate Office 
                          Buildings......................... 513.5
            ......    Acquisition of property for use as 
                          residential facility for United 
                          States Senate pages............... 513.6
            174c.     Same; control, care, and supervision.. 514
            174d.     Same; assignment of space............. 515
            174d-1.   Same; assignment of space for meetings 
                          of joint committees, conference 
                          committees, etc................... 516
            174e.     Certification of vouchers by Architect 
                          of Capitol........................ 517
            174j-1.   Senate Restaurants; management by 
                          Architect of the Capitol; approval 
                          of matters of general policy; 
                          termination....................... 518
            174j-2.   [Omitted.]............................ 518.1
            174j-3.   Same; authorization and direction to 
                          effectuate purposes of sections 
                          174j-1 to 174j-7 of this title.... 518.2
            174j-4.   Special deposit account; 
                          establishment; appropriations; 
                          approval of payments.............. 518.3
            174j-5.   Same; deposits and disbursements under 
                          special deposit account........... 518.4
            174j-6.   Same; bond of Architect, Assistant 
                          Architect, and other employees.... 518.5
            174j-7.   Same; supersedure of prior provisions 
                          for maintenance and operation of 
                          Senate Restaurants................ 518.6
            174j-8.   Management personnel and miscellaneous 
                          expenses; availability of 
                          appropriations; annual and sick 
                          leave............................. 518.6-1
            174j-9.   Loans for Senate Restaurants.......... 518.6-2
            184a.     John W. McCormack Residential Page 
                          School............................ 518.7
            ......    Acquisition of property as an addition 
                          to the Capitol Grounds............ 518.8
            185a.     Senate garage; control, supervision, 
                          servicing of official motor 
                          vehicles.......................... 519
            186.      Transfer of material and equipment to 
                          Architect......................... 520
            187.      National Statuary Hall................ 521
            188.      Works of fine arts.................... 522
            188a.     United States Capitol Preservation 
                          Commission........................ 522a
            188a-1.   Authority of Commission to accept 
                          gifts and conduct other 
                          transactions relating to works of 
                          fine art and other property....... 522a-1
            188a-2.   Capitol Preservation Fund............. 522a-2
            188a-3.   Audits by the Comptroller General..... 522a-3
            188a-4.   Advisory Boards....................... 522a-4
            188a-5.   Definition............................ 522a-5
            188b.     Senate Commission on Art.............. 522b
            188b-1.   Duties of Commission.................. 522b-1
            188b-2.   Supervision and maintenance of Old 
                          Senate chamber.................... 522b-2
            188b-3.   Publication of list of works of art, 
                          historical objects, and exhibits.. 522b-3
            188b-4.   Authorization of appropriations....... 522b-4
            188b-5.   Additional authority for Senate 
                          Commission on Art to acquire works 
                          of art, historical objects, 
                          documents, or exhibits............ 522b-5
            188b-6.   Conservation, restoration, 
                          replication, or replacement of 
                          items in United States Senate 
                          Collection........................ 522b-6
            189.      Art exhibits.......................... 523
            190.      Private studio and works of art....... 524
            193.      Protection of buildings and property.. 525
            193a.     United States Capitol Grounds; area 
                          comprising; jurisdiction.......... 526
            193b.     Same; public use...................... 527
            193c.     Same; obstruction of roads; conveyance 
                          of goods or merchandise........... 528
            193d.     Same; sale of articles; signs; 
                          solicitation...................... 529
            193e.     Same; injuries to property............ 530
            193f.     Same; firearms, dangerous weapons, 
                          explosives, or incendiary devices; 
                          violent entry and disorderly 
                          conduct in the Capitol Grounds and 
                          Buildings; exemption of Government 
                          officials......................... 531
            193g.     Same; parades or assemblages; display 
                          of flags.......................... 532
            193h.     Same; prosecution and punishment of 
                          offenses.......................... 533
            193i.     Same; assistance to authorities by 
                          Capitol employees................. 534
            193j.     Same; suspension of prohibitions 
                          against use of grounds............ 535
            193k.     Same; power of Capitol Police Board to 
                          suspend prohibitions.............. 536
            193l.     Same; concerts on grounds............. 537
            193m.     Same; definitions..................... 538
            193m-1.   Audit for private organizations 
                          conducting activities or 
                          performing services in or on U.S. 
                          Capitol Building or grounds....... 538.1
            206.      Capitol Police; appointment, Chief of 
                          Capitol Police.................... 539
            206c.     Same; emergency duty overtime pay from 
                          funds disbursed by Secretary of 
                          the Senate; compensatory time off 
                          in place of additional pay; 
                          election, accrual and transfer of 
                          time off; rules and regulations... 539.1
            207.      Same; payment......................... 540
            207a.     Unified payroll administration for 
                          Capitol Police.................... 540a
            208.      Same; suspension of members........... 541
            209.      Same; pay of members under suspension. 542
            210.      Same; uniform, belts and arms......... 543
            211.      Same; uniforms; at whose expense...... 544
            212.      Same; wearing uniform on duty......... 545
            212a.     Policing of Capitol buildings and 
                          grounds; powers of Capitol Police; 
                          arrests by Capitol Police for 
                          crimes of violence; arrests by 
                          District of Columbia Police....... 546
            212a-1.   Capitol grounds and Library of 
                          Congress grounds; detail of Police 546.1
            212a-2.   Protection of Members of Congress, 
                          officers of Congress, and members 
                          of their families................. 546.2
            212a-3.   Law enforcement authority of Capitol 
                          Police oversight.................. 547
            212b.     Regulation of traffic by Capitol 
                          Police Board...................... 547.1
            213a.     [Omitted.]............................ 548
            214.      Protection of grounds................. 549
            214a.     [Omitted.]............................ 549a
            214b.     Designation of Capitol grounds as play 
                          area for children of Members and 
                          employees of Senate or House of 
                          Representatives................... 549b
            214c.     Senate Employee Child Care Center..... 549c
            214d.     Child care center employee benefits... 549d
            215.      Supervision of Botanical Garden....... 550
            216.      Superintendent, etc., of Botanical 
                          Garden and greenhouses............ 551
            216a.     Restriction on use of appropriation 
                          for Botanical Garden.............. 552
            223.      Capital grounds shuttle service; 
                          purchase, etc., of vehicles....... 553

                   Chapter 18.--National Visitor Center Facilities

                          Part A.--National Visitor Center

            801.      National Visitor Center; designation; 
                          parking facility; authorization of 
                          agreements and leases for use of 
                          Union Station..................... 554

                       subchapter iii.--capitol visitor center

            831.      Capitol educational and information 
                          center and information and 
                          distribution stations; operation 
                          agreements........................ 556

                        subchapter iv.--capitol guide service

            851.      Capitol Guide Service................. 558

             Chapter 21.--National Capital Memorials and Commemorative 
                                        Works

            1001.     Purposes.............................. 559.1
            1002.     Definitions........................... 559.2
            1003.     Congressional authorization of 
                          commemorative works............... 559.3
            1004.     National Capital Memorial Commission.. 559.4
            1005.     Availability of map depicting Area I 
                          and Area II....................... 559.5
            1006.     Specific conditions applicable to 
                          Areas I and II.................... 559.6
            1007.     Site and design approval.............. 559.7
            1008.     Criteria for issuance of construction 
                          permit............................ 559.8
            1009.     Temporary site design................. 559.9
            1010.     Miscellaneous provisions.............. 559.10

                 Chapter 23.--Judiciary Office Building Development

            1201.     Findings and purposes................. 559.11
            1202.     Construction of building.............. 559.12
            1203.     Lease of building by Architect of the 
                          Capitol........................... 559.13
            1204.     Structural and mechanical care and 
                          security.......................... 559.14
            1205.     Allocation of space................... 559.15
            1206.     Commission for judiciary office 
                          building.......................... 559.16
            1207.     Funding............................... 559.17
            1208.     Definitions........................... 559.18

                             TITLE 41.--PUBLIC CONTRACTS

                           Chapter 1.--General Provisions

            6a-1.     Architect of the Capitol, exception 
                          from advertisement requirement.... 560
            6a-2.     Architect of the Capitol, authority 
                          for personal services contracts 
                          with legal entities............... 560.1
            22.       Interest of Member of Congress........ 561

                      TITLE 42.--THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE

                Chapter 126.--Equal Opportunity for Individuals with 
                                    Disabilities

            12209.    Instrumentalities of the Congress..... 565

                      TITLE 44.--PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS

                       Chapter 1.--Joint Committee on Printing

            101.      Joint Committee on Printing: 
                          membership........................ 600
            102.      Joint Committee on Printing: 
                          succession; powers during recess.. 601
            103.      Joint Committee on Printing: remedial 
                          powers............................ 602

                       Chapter 3.--Government Printing Office

            301.      Public Printer: appointment........... 603
            302.      Deputy Public Printer: appointment; 
                          duties............................ 604
            303.      Public Printer and Deputy Public 
                          Printer: pay...................... 605
            304.      Public Printer: vacancy in office..... 606
            305.      Public Printer: employees; pay........ 607

               Chapter 5.--Production and Procurement of Printing and 
                                       Binding

            501.      Government printing, binding, and 
                          blank-book work to be done at 
                          Government Printing Office........ 608
            502.      Procurement of printing, binding, and 
                          blank-book work by Public Printer. 609
            506.      Time for printing documents or reports 
                          which include illustrations or 
                          maps.............................. 610
            507.      Orders for printing to be acted upon 
                          within one year................... 611
            508.      Annual estimates of quantity of paper 
                          required for public printing and 
                          binding........................... 612

                   Chapter 7.--Congressional Printing and Binding

            701.      ``Usual number'' of documents and 
                          reports; distribution of House and 
                          Senate documents and reports; 
                          binding; reports on private bills; 
                          number of copies printed; 
                          distribution...................... 613
            702.      Extra copies of documents and reports. 614
            703.      Printing extra copies................. 615
            704.      Reprinting bills, laws, and reports 
                          from committees not exceeding 
                          fifty pages....................... 616
            705.      Duplicate orders to print............. 617
            706.      Bills and resolutions: number and 
                          distribution...................... 618
            707.      Bills and resolutions: style and form. 619
            708.      Bills and resolutions: binding sets 
                          for Congress...................... 620
            709.      Public and private laws, postal 
                          conventions, and treaties......... 621
            711.      Printing Acts, joint resolutions, and 
                          treaties.......................... 622
            713.      Journals of Houses of Congress........ 623
            714.      Printing documents for Congress in two 
                          or more editions: printing of full 
                          number and allotment of full quota 624
            715.      Senate and House documents and reports 
                          for Department of State........... 625
            716.      Printing of documents not provided for 
                          by law............................ 626
            717.      Appropriation chargeable for printing 
                          of document or report by order of 
                          Congress.......................... 627
            718.      Lapse of authority to print........... 628
            719.      Classification and numbering of 
                          publications ordered printed by 
                          Congress; designation of 
                          publications of departments; 
                          printing of committee hearings.... 629
            720.      Senate and House Manuals.............. 630
            721.      Congressional Directory............... 631
            722.      Congressional Directory: sale......... 632
            723.      Memorial addresses: preparation; 
                          distribution...................... 633
            724.      Memorial addresses: illustrations..... 634
            725.      Statement of appropriations; ``usual 
                          number''.......................... 635
            726.      Printing for committees of Congress... 636
            727.      Committee reports: indexing and 
                          binding........................... 637
            728.      United States Statutes at Large: 
                          distribution...................... 638
            730.      Distribution of documents to Members 
                          of Congress....................... 639
            731.      Allotments of public documents printed 
                          after expiration of terms of 
                          Members of Congress; rights of 
                          retiring Members to documents..... 640
            732.      Time for distribution of documents by 
                          Members of Congress extended...... 641
            733.      Documents and reports ordered by 
                          Members of Congress; franks and 
                          envelopes for Members of Congress. 642
            734.      Stationery and blank books for 
                          Congress.......................... 643
            735.      Binding for Senators.................. 644
            736.      Binding at expense of Members of 
                          Congress.......................... 645
            737.      Binding for Senate library............ 646
            738.      Binding of publications for 
                          distribution to libraries......... 647
            739.      Senate and House document rooms; 
                          superintendents................... 648
            740.      Senate Service Department and House 
                          Publications Distribution Service; 
                          superintendents................... 649
            741.      Disposition of documents stored at 
                          Capitol........................... 650

                          Chapter 9.--Congressional Record

            901.      Congressional Record: arrangement, 
                          style, contents, and indexes...... 651
            902.      Congressional Record: indexes......... 652
            903.      Congressional Record: daily and 
                          permanent forms................... 653
            904.      Congressional Record: maps; diagrams; 
                          illustrations..................... 654
            905.      Congressional Record: additional 
                          insertions........................ 655
            906.      Congressional Record: gratuitous 
                          copies; delivery.................. 656
            907.      Congressional Record: extracts for 
                          Members of Congress; mailing 
                          envelopes......................... 657
            908.      Congressional Record: payment for 
                          printing extracts or other 
                          documents......................... 658
            910.      Congressional Record: subscriptions; 
                          sale of current, individual 
                          numbers, and bound sets; postage 
                          rate.............................. 659

              Chapter 11.--Executive and Judiciary Printing and Binding

            1104.     Restrictions on use of illustrations.. 660

                    Chapter 13.--Particular Reports and Documents

            1301.     Agriculture, Department of: report of 
                          Secretary......................... 661
            1326.     Librarian of Congress: reports........ 661.1
            1339.     Printing of the President's Message... 662

               Chapter 17.--Distribution and Sale of Public Documents

            1705.     Printing additional copies for sale to 
                          public; regulations............... 663
            1706.     Printing and sale of extra copies of 
                          documents......................... 664
            1710.     Index of documents: number and 
                          distribution...................... 665
            1715.     Publications for department or officer 
                          or for congressional committees... 666
            1718.     Distribution of Government 
                          publications to the Library of 
                          Congress.......................... 667
            1719.     International exchange of Government 
                          publications...................... 668

                       Chapter 19.--Depository Library Program

            1901.     Definition of Government publication.. 669
            1902.     Availability of Government 
                          publications through 
                          Superintendent of Documents; lists 
                          of publications not ordered from 
                          Government Printing Office........ 670
            1903.     Distribution of publications to 
                          depositories; notice to Government 
                          components; cost of printing and 
                          binding........................... 671
            1904.     Classified list of Government 
                          publications for selection by 
                          depositories...................... 672
            1905.     Distribution to depositories; 
                          designation of additional 
                          libraries; justification; 
                          authorization for certain 
                          designations...................... 673
            1906.     Land-grant colleges constituted 
                          depositories...................... 674
            1909.     Requirements of depository libraries; 
                          reports on conditions; 
                          investigations; termination; 
                          replacement....................... 675
            1910.     Designations of replacement 
                          depositories; limitations on 
                          numbers; conditions............... 676
            1912.     Regional depositories; designation; 
                          functions; disposal of 
                          publications...................... 677
            1914.     Implementation of depository library 
                          program by Public Printer......... 678
            1915.     Highest State appellate court 
                          libraries as depository libraries. 678.1
            1916.     Designation of libraries of accredited 
                          law schools as depository 
                          libraries......................... 678.2

              Chapter 21.--National Archives and Records Administration

            2112.     Presidential archival records......... 679
            2118.     Records of Congress................... 679.1

                          Chapter 33.--Disposal of Records

            3303a.    Examination by Archivist of lists and 
                          schedules of records lacking 
                          preservation value; disposal of 
                          records........................... 680

               Chapter 35.--Coordination of Federal Information Policy

            3501.     Purposes.............................. 681
            3503.     Office of Information and Regulatory 
                          Affairs........................... 682
            3505.     Assignment of tasks and deadlines..... 683
            3514.     Responsiveness to Congress............ 684
                            1 u.s.c.--general provisions

            general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                                        [201]

            ____________________________________________________________

              GENERAL AND PERMANENT LAWS RELATING TO THE UNITED STATES 
                                       SENATE

                      Extracts from the United States Code \1\

                \1\ Since some provisions of the most recently enacted 
            statutes may receive slightly different editorial treatment 
            in the codification process, and since a few stylistic 
            changes have been made in this Manual to achieve more 
            convenient adaptation to Senate needs, some pro forma 
            deviations from the exact format of the United States Code 
            may be noted.

                [Data collected through 106th Congress, 1st Session]

            ____________________________________________________________

                            TITLE I.--GENERAL PROVISIONS

            Chapter 2.--ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES OF ENACTMENT; 
                          REPEALS; SEALING OF INSTRUMENTS 

        201  Sec. 112. Statutes at large; contents; admissibility in 
                evidence.
                The Archivist of the United States shall cause to be 
            compiled, edited, indexed, and published, the United States 
            Statutes at Large, which shall contain all the laws and 
            concurrent resolutions enacted during each regular session 
            of Congress; all proclamations by the President in the 
            numbered series issued since the date of the adjournment of 
            the regular session of Congress next preceding; and also any 
            amendments to the Constitution of the United States proposed 
            or ratified pursuant to article V thereof since that date, 
            together with the certificate of the Archivist of the United 
            States issued in compliance with the provision contained in 
            section 106b of this title. In the event of an extra session 
            of Congress, the Archivist of the United States shall cause 
            all the laws and concurrent resolutions enacted during said 
            extra session to be consolidated with, and published as part 
            of, the contents of the volume for the next regular session. 
            The United States Statutes at Large shall be legal evidence 
            of laws, concurrent resolutions, treaties, international 
            agreements other than treaties, proclamations by the 
            President, and proposed or ratified amendments to the 
            Constitution of the United States therein contained, in all 
            the courts of the United States, the several States, and the 
            Territories and insular possessions of the United States. 
            (July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 636; Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 
            1001, Sec. 1, 64 Stat. 979; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, Sec. 3, 
            65 Stat. 710; Oct. 19, 1984, Pub. L. 98-497, Title I, 
            Sec. 107(d), 98 Stat. 2291.)
      201.5  Sec. 112b. United States international agreements; 
                transmission to Congress.
                (a) The Secretary of State shall transmit to the 
            Congress the text of any international agreement (including 
            the text of any oral international agreement, which 
            agreement shall be reduced to writing), other than a treaty, 
            to which the United States is a party as soon as practicable 
            after such agreement has entered into force with respect to 
            the United States but in no event later than sixty days 
            thereafter. However, any such agreement the immediate public 
            disclosure of which would, in the opinion of the President, 
            be prejudicial to the national security of the United States 
            shall not be so transmitted to the Congress but shall be 
            transmitted to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
            Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
            Representatives under an appropriate injunction of secrecy 
            to be removed only upon due notice from the President. Any 
            department or agency of the United States Government which 
            enters into any international agreement on behalf of the 
            United States shall transmit to the Department of State the 
            text of such agreement not later than twenty days after such 
            agreement has been signed.
                (b) Not later than March 1, 1979, and at yearly 
            intervals thereafter, the President shall, under his own 
            signature, transmit to the Speaker of the House of 
            Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
            Relations of the Senate a report with respect to each 
            international agreement which, during the preceding year, 
            was transmitted to the Congress after the expiration of the 
            60-day period referred to in the first sentence of 
            subsection (a), describing fully and completely the reasons 
            for the late transmittal.
                (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an 
            international agreement may not be signed or otherwise 
            concluded on behalf of the United States without prior 
            consultation with the Secretary of State. Such consultation 
            may encompass a class of agreements rather than a particular 
            agreement.
                (d) The Secretary of State shall determine for and 
            within the executive branch whether an arrangement 
            constitutes an international agreement within the meaning of 
            this section.
                (e) The President shall, through the Secretary of State, 
            promulgate such rules and regulations as may be necessary to 
            carry out this section. (Aug. 22, 1972, Pub. L. 92-403, 
            Sec. 1, 86 Stat. 619; June 15, 1977, Pub. L. 95-45, Sec. 5, 
            91 Stat. 224; Oct. 7, 1978, Pub. L. 95-426, Title VII, 
            Sec. 708, 92 Stat. 993; Apr. 30, 1994, Pub. L. 103-236, 
            Sec. 138, 108 Stat. 397; Nov. 2, 1994, Pub. L. 103-437, 
            Sec. 1, 108 Stat. 4581.)
             Chapter 3.--CODE OF LAWS OF UNITED STATES AND SUPPLEMENTS; 
                      DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CODE AND SUPPLEMENTS

        202  Sec. 211. Copies [of Code of Laws] to Members of Congress.
                In addition to quotas provided for by section 210 of 
            this title there shall be printed, published, and 
            distributed of the Code of Laws relating to the District of 
            Columbia with tables, index and other ancillaries, suitably 
            bound and with thumb inserts and other convenient devices to 
            distinguish the parts, and of the supplements to both codes 
            as provided for by sections 202, 203 of this title, ten 
            copies of each for each Member of the Senate * * * for his 
            use and distribution, and in addition for the * * * 
            Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate a number of bound 
            copies of each equal to ten times the number of members of 
            such committee[s], and one bound copy of each for the use of 
            each committee of the Senate * * * (July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 
            61 Stat. 640.)
        203  Sec. 212. Additional distribution at each new Congress.
                In addition the Superintendent of Documents shall, at 
            the beginning of the first session of each Congress, supply 
            to each Senator * * * in such Congress, who may in writing 
            apply for the same, one copy each of the Code of Laws of the 
            United States, the Code of Laws relating to the District of 
            Columbia, and the latest supplement to each code: Provided, 
            That such applicant shall certify in his written application 
            for the same that the volume or volumes for which he applies 
            is intended for his personal use exclusively: And provided 
            further, That no Senator * * * during his term of service 
            shall receive under this section more than one copy each of 
            the volumes enumerated herein. (July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 
            Stat. 640.)
                               2 u.s.c.--the congress

                    generalandpermanentlawsrelatingtothesenate   

                               TITLE 2.--THE CONGRESS

            
                Chapter 1.--ELECTION OF SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES

        205  Sec. 1. Time for election of Senators.
                At the regular election held in any State next preceding 
            the expiration of the term for which any Senator was elected 
            to represent such State in Congress, at which election a 
            Representative to Congress is regularly by law to be chosen, 
            a United States Senator from said State shall be elected by 
            the people thereof for the term commencing on the 3d day of 
            January next thereafter. (June 4, 1914, ch. 103, Sec. 1, 38 
            Stat. 384; June 5, 1934, ch. 390, Sec. 3, 48 Stat. 879.)
      205.1                    Constitutional Provisions
                The first section of Amendment XX to the Constitution 
            provides in part: ``* * * the terms of Senators and 
            Representatives [shall end] at noon on the 3d day of 
            January, of the years in which such terms would have ended 
            if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of 
            their successors shall then begin.''
            Cross References
                Time for election of Senators, see Const. Art. I, 
            Sec. 4, cl. 1 (Senate Manual section 761.14).
                Vacancies in the Senate, see Const. Amend. XVII (Senate 
            Manual section 787).
        206  Sec. 1a. Election to be certified by governor.
                It shall be the duty of the executive of the State from 
            which any Senator has been chosen to certify his election, 
            under the seal of the State, to the President of the Senate 
            of the United States. (R.S. Sec. 18.)
        207  Sec. 1b. Same; countersignature by secretary of state.
                The certificate mentioned in section la of this title 
            shall be countersigned by the secretary of state of the 
            State. (R.S. Sec. 19.)
            
                        Chapter 2.--ORGANIZATION OF CONGRESS

        210  Sec. 21. Oath of Senators.
                The oath of office shall be administered by the 
            President of the Senate to each Senator who shall be 
            elected, previous to his taking his seat. (R.S. Sec. 28.)
        211  Sec. 22. Oath of President of Senate.
                When a President of the Senate has not taken the oath of 
            office, it shall be administered to him by any Member of the 
            Senate. (R.S. Sec. 29.)
        212  Sec. 23. Presiding officer of Senate may administer oaths.
                The presiding officer, for the time being, of the Senate 
            of the United States, shall have power to administer all 
            oaths and affirmations that are or may be required by the 
            Constitution, or by law, to be taken by any Senator, officer 
            of the Senate, witness, or other person, in respect to any 
            matter within the jurisdiction of the Senate. (Apr. 18, 
            1876, ch. 66, Sec. 1, 19 Stat. 34.)
        213  Sec. 24. Secretary of Senate or Assistant Secretary may 
                administer oaths.
                The Secretary of the Senate, and the Assistant Secretary 
            thereof, shall, respectively, have power to administer any 
            oath or affirmation required by law, or by the rules or 
            orders of the Senate, to be taken by any officer of the 
            Senate, and to any witness produced before it. (Apr. 18, 
            1876, ch. 66, Sec. 2, 19 Stat. 34; amended, Pub. L. 92-51, 
            Sec. 101, July 9, 1971, 85 Stat. 125.)
        214  Sec. 27. Change of place of meeting.
                Whenever Congress is about to convene, and from the 
            prevalence of contagious sickness, or the existence of other 
            circumstances, it would, in the opinion of the President, be 
            hazardous to the lives or health of the Members to meet at 
            the seat of Government, the President, is authorized, by 
            proclamation, to convene Congress at such other place as he 
            may judge proper. (R.S. Sec. 34.)
        215  Sec. 30. Term of service of Members of Congress as trustees 
                or directors of corporations or institutions 
                appropriated for.
                In all cases where Members of Congress or Senators are 
            appointed to represent Congress on any board of trustees or 
            board of directors of any corporation or institution to 
            which Congress makes any appropriation, the term of said 
            Members or Senators, as such trustee or director, shall 
            continue until the expiration of two months after the first 
            meeting of the Congress chosen next after their appointment. 
            (Mar. 3, 1893, ch. 199, Sec. 1, 27 Stat. 553.)
      215a
      215a  Sec. 30a. Jury duty exemption of elected officials of the 
                legislative branch.
                (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, 
            State or local law, no elected official of the legislative 
            branch of the United States Government shall be required to 
            serve on a grand or petit jury, convened by any Federal, 
            State or local court, whether such service is requested by 
            judicial summons or by some other means of compulsion.
                (b) ``Elected official of the legislative branch'' shall 
            mean each Member of the United States House of 
            Representatives, the Delegates from the District of 
            Columbia, Guam, the American Virgin Islands, and American 
            Samoa, and the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, and 
            each United States Senator. (Pub. L. 101-520, Title III, 
            Sec. 310, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2278.)
            
                 Chapter 3.--COMPENSATION AND ALLOWANCES OF MEMBERS

        220  Sec. 31. Compensation of Members of Congress.
                (1) The annual rate of pay for-
                            (A) each Senator, Member of the House of 
                        Representatives, and Delegate to the House of 
                        Representatives, and the Resident Commissioner 
                        from Puerto Rico,
                            (B) the President pro tempore of the Senate, 
                        the Majority Leader and the Minority Leader of 
                        the Senate, and the Majority Leader and the 
                        Minority Leader of the House of Representatives, 
                        and
                            (C) the Speaker of the House of 
                        Representatives,

            shall be the rate determined for such positions under 
            chapter 11 of this title, as adjusted by paragraph (2) of 
            this section.

                (2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), effective at the 
            beginning of the first applicable pay period commencing on 
            or after the first day of the month in which an adjustment 
            takes effect under section 5303 of title 5 in the rates of 
            pay under the General Schedule, each annual rate referred to 
            in paragraph (1) shall be adjusted by an amount, rounded to 
            the nearest multiple of $100 (or if midway between multiples 
            of $100, to the next higher multiple of $100), equal to the 
            percentage of such annual rate which corresponds to the most 
            recent percentage change in the ECI (relative to the date 
            described in the next sentence), as determined under section 
            704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. The appropriate 
            date under this sentence is the first day of the fiscal year 
            in which such adjustment in the rates of pay under the 
            General Schedule takes effect.
                (B) In no event shall the percentage adjustment taking 
            effect under subparagraph (A) in any calendar year (before 
            rounding), in any rate of pay, exceed the percentage 
            adjustment taking effect in such calendar year under section 
            5303 of title 5, United States Code, in the rates of pay 
            under the General Schedule. (Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 549, Sec. 4, 
            43 Stat. 1301; May 17, 1932, ch. 190, 47 Stat. 158; Aug. 2, 
            1946, ch. 753, Title VI, Sec. 601(a), 60 Stat. 850; Jan. 19, 
            1949, ch. 2, Sec. 1(d), 63 Stat. 4; Mar. 2, 1955, ch. 9, 
            Sec. 4(a), 69 Stat. 11; Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88-426, Title 
            II, Sec. 204, 78 Stat. 415; Oct. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89-301, 
            Sec. 11(e), 79 Stat. 1120; Dec. 16, 1967, Pub. L. 90-206, 
            Title II, Sec. 225(h), 81 Stat. 644; Sept. 15, 1969, Pub. L. 
            91-67, Sec. 2, 83 Stat. 107; Aug. 9, 1975, Pub. L. 94-82, 
            Title II, Sec. 204(a), 89 Stat. 421; Nov. 30, 1989, Pub. L. 
            101-194, Title VII, Sec. 704(a)(2)(B), 103 Stat. 1769; Nov. 
            5, 1990, Pub. L. 101-509, Title I, Sec. 101(b)(4)(D), 104 
            Stat. 1439; Oct. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-356, Sec. 101, 108 
            Stat. 3410.)
            Sec. 31-1 (Repealed). (Aug. 14, 1991, Pub. L. 102-90, 
                Sec. 6(c), Honoraria prohibited Title V, Ethics in 
                Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App))

  

      220.1  Sec. 31-2. Gifts and travel.
            (a) Gifts
                (1) No Member, officer, or employee of the Senate, or 
            the spouse or dependent thereof, shall knowingly accept, 
            directly or indirectly, any gift or gifts in any calendar 
            year aggregating more than the minimal value as established 
            by section 7342(a)(5) of title 5, U.S.C. or $250, whichever 
            is greater from any person, organization, or corporation 
            unless, in an unusual case, a waiver is granted by the 
            Select Committee on Ethics.
                (2) The prohibitions of this subsection do not apply to 
            gifts--
                            (A) from relatives;
                            (B) with a value of $100 or less, as 
                        adjusted under section 102(a)(2)(A) of the 
                        Ethics in Government Act of 1978, or
                            (C) of personal hospitality of an 
                        individual.
                            (D) Repealed. Pub. L. 101-280, 
                        Sec. 8(l)(A)(iii), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 162.
                (3) For purposes of this subsection--
                            (A) the term ``gift'' means a payment, 
                        subscription, advance, forbearance, rendering, 
                        or deposit of money, services, or anything of 
                        value, including food, lodging, transportation, 
                        or entertainment, and reimbursement for other 
                        than necessary expenses, unless consideration of 
                        equal or greater value is received, but does not 
                        include (1) a political contribution otherwise 
                        reported as required by law, (2) a loan made in 
                        a commercially reasonable manner (including 
                        requirements that the loan be repaid,and that a 
                        reasonable rate of interest be paid), (3) a 
                        bequest, inheritance, or other transfer at 
                        death, (4) a bona fide award presented in 
                        recognition of public service and available to 
                        the general public, (5) a reception at which the 
                        Member, officer, or employee is to be honored, 
                        provided such individual receives no other gifts 
                        that exceed the restrictions in this rule, other 
                        than a suitable memento, (6) meals or beverages 
                        consumed or enjoyed, provided the meals or 
                        beverages are not consumed or enjoyed in 
                        connection with a gift of overnight lodging, or 
                        (7) anything of value given to a spouse or 
                        dependent of a reporting individual by the 
                        employer of such spouse or dependent in 
                        recognition of the service provided by such 
                        spouse or dependent; and
                            (B) the term ``relative'' has the same 
                        meaning given to such term in section 107(2) of 
                        title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 
                        (Pub. L. 95-521).
                (4) If a Member, officer, or employee, after exercising 
            reasonable diligence to obtain the information necessary to 
            comply with this rule, unknowingly accepts a gift described 
            in paragraph (1) such Member, officer, or employee shall, 
            upon learning of the nature of the gift and its source, 
            return the gift or, if it is not possible to return the 
            gift, reimburse the donor for the value of the gift.
                (5)(A) Notwithstanding the provisions of this 
            subsection, a Member, officer, or employee of the Senate may 
            participate in a program, the principal objective of which 
            is educational, sponsored by a foreign government or a 
            foreign educational or charitable organization involving 
            travel to a foreign country paid for by that foreign 
            government or organization if such participation is not in 
            violation of any law and if the Select Committee on Ethics 
            has determined that participation in such program by 
            Members, officers, or employees of the Senate is in the 
            interests of the Senate and the United States.
                (B) Any Member who accepts an invitation to participate 
            in any such program shall notify the Select Committee in 
            writing of his acceptance. A Member shall also notify the 
            Select Committee in writing whenever he has permitted any 
            officer or employee whom he supervises to participate in any 
            such program. The chairman of the Select Committee shall 
            place in the Congressional Record a list of all individuals, 
            participating, the supervisors of such individuals where 
            applicable, and the nature and itinerary of such program.
                (C) No Member, officer, or employee may accept funds in 
            connection with participation in a program permitted under 
            subparagraph (A) if such funds are not used for necessary 
            food, lodging, transportation, and related expenses of the 
            Member, officer, or employee.
            (b) Limits on domestic and foreign travel by members and 
                staff of the Senate
                The term ``necessary expenses,'' with respect to limits 
            on domestic and foreign travel by Members and staff of the 
            Senate, means reasonable expenses for food, lodging, or 
            transportation, which are incurred by a Member, officer, or 
            employee of the Senate in connection with services provided 
            to (or participation in an event sponsored by) the 
            organization which provides reimbursement for such expenses 
            or which provides the food, lodging, or transportation 
            directly. Necessary expenses do not include the provision of 
            food, lodging, or transportation, or the payment for such 
            expenses, for a continuous period in excess of 3 days 
            exclusive of travel time within the United States or 7 days 
            exclusive of travel time outside of the United States unless 
            such travel is approved by the Committee on Ethics as 
            necessary for participation in a conference, seminar, 
            meeting or similar matter. Necessary expenses do not include 
            the provision of food, lodging, or transportation, or the 
            payment for such expenses, for anyone accompanying a Member, 
            officer, or employee of the Senate, other than the spouse or 
            child of such Member, officer, or employee of the Senate or 
            one Senate employee acting as an aide to a Member. (Pub. L. 
            101-194, Title IX, Sec. 901, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1778; 
            amended Pub. L. 101-280, Sec. 8, May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 162; 
            Pub. L. 102-90, Title III Sec. 314(c), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 
            Stat. 470.)
      220.5  Sec. 31a-1. Expense allowance of Majority and Minority 
                Leaders of Senate; expense allowance of Majority and 
                Minority Whips; methods of payment; taxability.
                Effective fiscal year 1978 and each fiscal year 
            thereafter, the expense allowances of the Majority and 
            Minority Leaders of the Senate are increased to $10,000 each 
            fiscal year for each leader: Provided, That, effective with 
            the fiscal year 1983 and each fiscal year thereafter, the 
            expense allowance of the Majority and Minority Whips of the 
            Senate which shall not exceed $5,000 each fiscal year for 
            each Whip: Provided further, That, during the period 
            beginning on January 3, 1977, and ending September 30, 1977, 
            and during each fiscal year thereafter, the Vice President, 
            the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader, the Majority Whip, 
            and the Minority Whip may receive the expense allowance (a) 
            as reimbursement for actual expenses incurred upon 
            certification and documentation of such expenses by the Vice 
            President, the respective Leader or the respective Whip, or 
            (b) in equal monthly payments: Provided further, That 
            effective January 3, 1977, the amounts paid to the Vice 
            President, the Majority or Minority Leader of the Senate, or 
            the Majority or Minority Whip of the Senate as reimbursement 
            of actual expenses incurred upon certification and 
            documentation pursuant to the second proviso of this section 
            shall not be reported as income, and the expenses so 
            reimbursed shall not be allowed as a deduction, under title 
            26. (Pub. L. 95-26, Title I, Sec. 100, May 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 
            79; Pub. L. 95-94, Title I, Sec. 109, Aug. 5, 1977, 91 Stat. 
            661; Pub. L. 95-355, Title I, Sec. 100, Sept. 8, 1978, 92 
            Stat. 532; Pub. L. 98-63, Title I, Sec. 101, July 30, 1983, 
            97 Stat. 333; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 
            Stat. 2095.)
      220.6  Sec. 31a-2. Representation Allowance Account for the 
                Majority and Minority Leaders of Senate.
            (a) Establishment; purpose
                There is hereby established an account, within the 
            Senate, to be known as the ``Representation Allowance 
            Account for the Majority and Minority Leaders''. Such 
            Allowance Account shall be used by the Majority and Minority 
            Leaders of the Senate to assist them properly to discharge 
            their appropriate responsibilities in the United States to 
            members of foreign legislative bodies and prominent 
            officials of foreign governments and intergovernmental 
            organizations.
            (b) Payments; allotment; reimbursement for actual expenses; 
                taxability
                Payments authorized to be made under this section shall 
            be paid by the Secretary of the Senate. Of the funds 
            available for expenditure from such Allowance Account for 
            any fiscal year, one-half shall be allotted to the Majority 
            Leader and one-half shall be allotted to the Minority 
            Leader. Amounts paid from such Allowance Account to the 
            Majority or Minority Leader shall be paid to him from his 
            allotment and shall be paid to him only as reimbursement for 
            actual expenses incurred by him and upon certification and 
            documentation of such expenses. Amounts paid to the Majority 
            or Minority leader pursuant to this section shall not be 
            reported as income and shall not be allowed as a deduction 
            under title 26.
            (c) Authorization of appropriations
                There are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal 
            year (commencing with the fiscal year ending September 30, 
            1985) not more than $20,000 to the Allowance Account 
            established by this section. (Aug. 15, 1985, Pub. L. 99-88, 
            Title I, Sec. 197, 99 Stat. 350.)
      220.7  Sec. 31a-2a. Transfer of funds from representation allowance 
                of Majority and Minority Leaders of Senate to expense 
                allowance; availability; definitions.
                (a) The Secretary of the Senate shall, upon the written 
            request of the Majority or Minority Leader of the Senate, 
            transfer from any available funds in such Leader's allotment 
            in the Leader's Representation Allowance (as defined in 
            subsection (b)(1) of this section) for any fiscal year 
            (commencing with the fiscal year ending September 30, 1985) 
            to such Leader's Expense Allowance (as defined in subsection 
            (b)(2) of this section) to such year such amount as is 
            specified in the request. Any funds so transferred for any 
            fiscal year at the request of either such Leader shall be 
            available to such Leader for such year for the same purposes 
            as, and in like manner and subject to the same conditions 
            as, are other funds which are available to him for such year 
            as his expense allowance as Majority or Minority Leader.
                (b)(1) The term ``Leader's Representation Allowance'' 
            means the Representation Allowance Account for the Majority 
            and Minority Leaders established by section 31a-2 of this 
            title.
                (2) The term ``Leader's Expense Allowance'', when used 
            in reference to the Majority or Minority Leader of the 
            Senate, refers to the moneys available, for any fiscal year, 
            to such Leader as an expense allowance and the appropriation 
            account from which such moneys are funded. (July 11, 1987, 
            Pub. L. 100-71, Title I, Sec. 1, 101 Stat. 422, 423.)
    220.7a
    220.7a  Sec. 31a-2b Transfer of funds from appropriations account of 
                Majority and Minority Leaders of Senate to 
                appropriations account for ``Miscellaneous Items'' 
                within Senate contingent fund.
                (a) Upon the written request of the Majority or Minority 
            Leader of the Senate, the Secretary of the Senate shall 
            transfer during any fiscal year, from the appropriations 
            account appropriated under the headings ``Salaries, Officers 
            and Employees'' and ``Offices of the Majority and Minority 
            Leaders,'' such amount as either Leader shall specify to the 
            appropriations account, within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate, ``Miscellaneous Items''.
                (b) The Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate are 
            each authorized to incur such expenses as may be necessary 
            or appropriate. Expenses incurred by either such leader 
            shall be paid from the amount transferred pursuant to 
            subsection (a) by such leader and upon vouchers approved by 
            such leader.
                (c) The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to advance 
            such sums as may be necessary to defray expenses incurred in 
            carrying out subsections (a) and (b) of this section. (Pub. 
            L. 102-27, Apr. 10, 1991, 105 Stat. 144.)
      220.8  Sec. 31a-3. Expense allowance for Chairmen of Majority and 
                Minority Conference Committees of Senate; method of 
                payment; taxability.
                For each fiscal year (commencing with the fiscal year 
            ending September 30, 1985), there is hereby authorized an 
            expense allowance for the Chairmen of the Majority and 
            Minority Conference Committees which shall not exceed $3,000 
            each fiscal year for each such Chairman; and amounts from 
            such allowance shall be paid to either of such Chairmen only 
            as reimbursement for actual expenses incurred by him and 
            upon certification and documentation of such expenses, and 
            amounts so paid shall not be reported as income and shall 
            not be allowed as a deduction under title 26. (Aug. 15, 
            1985, Pub. L. 99-88, Title I, 99 Stat. 348.)
        222  Sec. 32. Compensation of President pro tempore of Senate.
                Whenever there is no Vice President, the President of 
            the Senate for the time being is entitled to the 
            compensation provided by law for the Vice President. (R.S. 
            Sec. 36.)
            Cross References
                Compensation of Vice President, see section 104 of Title 
            3, United States Code, relating to the President (Senate 
            Manual section 421).
      222.5  Sec. 32a. Compensation of Deputy President pro tempore of 
                Senate.
                Effective January 5, 1977, the compensation of a Deputy 
            President pro tempore of the Senate shall be at a rate equal 
            to the rate of annual compensation of the President pro 
            tempore and the Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate. 
            (May 4, 1977, Pub. L. 95-26, Title I, Sec. 100, 91 Stat. 
            79.)
            Note
                See Senate Manual section 79.7. The Senate may designate 
            any Member to hold the Office of Deputy President pro 
            tempore of the Senate. Such person is authorized to appoint 
            and fix the compensation of such employees as he deems 
            appropriate, but the gross compensation to such employees 
            shall not exceed $90,000 for any fiscal year.
      222.6  Sec. 32b. Expense allowance of President pro tempore of 
                Senate; methods of payment; taxability.
                Effective with fiscal year 1978 and each fiscal year 
            thereafter, there is hereby authorized an expense allowance 
            for the President Pro Tempore which shall not exceed $10,000 
            each fiscal year. The President Pro Tempore may receive the 
            expense allowance (1) as reimbursement for actual expenses 
            incurred upon certification and documentation of such 
            expenses by the President Pro Tempore, or (2) in equal 
            monthly payments. Such amounts paid to the President Pro 
            Tempore as reimbursement of actual expenses incurred upon 
            certification and documentation pursuant to this provision, 
            shall not be reported as income, and the expenses so 
            reimbursed shall not be allowed as a deduction, under title 
            26. (Sept. 8, 1978, Pub. L. 95-355, Title I, Sec. 100, 92 
            Stat. 532; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, 100 Stat. 
            2095.)
        223  Sec. 33. Senators' salaries.
                Senators elected, whose term of office begins on the 3d 
            day of January, and whose credentials in due form of law 
            shall have been presented in the Senate, may receive their 
            compensation from the beginning of their term. (June 19, 
            1934, ch. 648, Title I, Sec. 1, 48 Stat. 1022; Oct. 1, 1981, 
            Pub. L. 97-51, Sec. 112(b)(2), 95 Stat. 963.)
        224  Sec. 36. Salaries of Senators.
                Salaries of Senators appointed to fill vacancies in the 
            Senate shall commence on the day of their appointment and 
            continue until their successors are elected and qualified: 
            Provided, That when Senators have been elected during a sine 
            die adjournment of the Senate to succeed appointees, the 
            salaries of Senators so elected shall commence on the day 
            following their election.
                Salaries of Senators elected during a session to succeed 
            appointees shall commence on the day they qualify: Provided, 
            That when Senators have been elected during a session to 
            succeed appointees, but have not qualified, the salaries of 
            Senators so elected shall commence on the day following the 
            sine die adjournment of the Senate.
                When no appointments have been made the salaries of 
            Senators elected to fill such vacancies shall commence on 
            the day following their election. (Feb. 13, 1935, ch. 6, 
            Sec. 1, 49 Stat. 22, 23.)
        225  Constitutional Provisions
                The first section of amendment XX to the Constitution 
            provides in part: ``* * * the terms of Senators and 
            Representatives [shall end] at noon on the 3d day of 
            January, of the years in which such terms would have ended 
            if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of 
            their successors shall then begin.''
        226  Sec. 36a. Payment of sums due deceased Senators and Senate 
                personnel.
                Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the 
            Senate, a person serving as a Senator or officer or employee 
            whose compensation is disbursed by the Secretary of the 
            Senate may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries to be 
            paid any unpaid balance of salary or other sums due such 
            person at the time of his death. When any person dies while 
            so serving, any such unpaid balance shall be paid by the 
            disbursing officer of the Senate to the designated 
            beneficiary or beneficiaries. If no designation has been 
            made, such unpaid balance shall be paid to the widow or 
            widower of that person, or if there is no widow or widower, 
            to the next of kin or heirs at law of that person. (Jan. 6, 
            1951, ch. 1213, Sec. 1, 64 Stat. 1224; Oct. 31, 1972, Pub. 
            L. 92-607, Sec. 503, 86 Stat. 1505.)
        227  Sec. 39. Deductions for absence.
                The Secretary of the Senate and the Chief Administrative 
            Officer of the House of Representatives (upon certification 
            by the Clerk of the House of Representatives), respectively, 
            shall deduct from the monthly payments (or other periodic 
            payments authorized by law) of each Member or Delegate the 
            amount of his salary for each day that he has been absent 
            from the Senate or House, respectively, unless such Member 
            or Delegate assigns as the reason for such absence the 
            sickness of himself or of some member of his family. (R.S. 
            Sec. 40; Oct. 1, 1981, Pub. L. 97-51, Sec. 112(d), 95 Stat. 
            963; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 203(7), 
            110 Stat. 1726.)
        228  Sec. 40. Deductions for withdrawal.
                When any Member or Delegate withdraws from his seat and 
            does not return before the adjournment of Congress, he 
            shall, in addition to the sum deducted for each day, forfeit 
            a sum equal to the amount which would have been allowed by 
            law for his mileage in returning home; and such sum shall be 
            deducted from his compensation, unless the withdrawal is 
            with the leave of the Senate or House of Representatives, 
            respectively. (R.S. Sec. 41.)
        229  Sec. 40a. Deductions for delinquent indebtedness.
                Whenever a Representative, Delegate, or Resident 
            Commissioner, or a United States Senator, shall fail to pay 
            any sum or sums due from such person to the House of 
            Representatives or Senate respectively, the appropriate 
            committee or officer of the House of Representatives or 
            Senate, as the case may be, having jurisdiction of the 
            activity under which such debt arose, shall certify such 
            delinquent sum or sums to the Chief Administrative Officer 
            of the House of Representatives in the case of an 
            indebtedness to the House of Representatives and to the 
            Secretary of the Senate in the case of an indebtedness to 
            the Senate, and such latter officials are authorized and 
            directed, respectively, to deduct from any salary, mileage, 
            or expense money due to any such delinquent such certified 
            amounts or so much thereof as the balance or balances due 
            such delinquent may cover. Sums so deducted by the Secretary 
            of the Senate shall be disposed of by him in accordance with 
            existing law and sums so deducted by the Chief 
            Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives shall 
            be disposed of by him in accordance with existing law. (June 
            19, 1934, ch. 648, Title I, Sec. 1, 48 Stat. 1024; Aug. 20, 
            1996, Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 203(8), 110 Stat. 
            1726.)
        231  Sec. 42a. Special delivery postage allowance for President 
                of the Senate.
                The Secretary of the Senate is authorized and directed 
            to procure and furnish each fiscal year (commencing with the 
            fiscal year ending September 30, 1982) to the President of 
            the Senate, upon request by such person, United States 
            special-delivery postage stamps in such amount as may be 
            necessary for the mailing of postal matters arising in 
            connection with his official business. (Pub. L. 97-51, 
            Sec. 127(a)(1), 95 Stat. 965.)
        234  Sec. 43d. Organizational expenses of Senator-elect.
            (a) Appointment of employees by Secretary of Senate to 
                assist; termination of employment
                Upon the recommendation of a Senator-elect (other than 
            an incumbent Senator or a Senator elected to fill a 
            vacancy), the Secretary of the Senate shall appoint two 
            employees to assist such Senator-elect. Any employee so 
            appointed shall serve through the day before the date on 
            which the Senator-elect recommending his appointment 
            commences his service as a Senator, except that his 
            employment may be terminated before such day upon 
            recommendation of such Senator-elect.
            (b) Payment of salaries of appointed employees; funding; 
                maximum amount
                (1) Salaries of employees appointed under subsection (a) 
            of this section shall be paid from the appropriation for 
            ``Administrative, Clerical, and Legislative Assistance to 
            Senators.''
                (2) Salaries paid to employees appointed upon 
            recommendation of a Senator-elect under subsection (a) of 
            this section shall be charged against the amount of 
            compensation which may be paid to employees in his office 
            under section 61-1(d) of this title (hereinafter referred to 
            as the ``clerk-hire allowance''), for the fiscal year in 
            which his service as a Senator commences. The total amount 
            of salaries paid to employees so appointed upon 
            recommendation of a Senator-elect shall be charged against 
            his clerk-hire allowance for each month in such fiscal year 
            beginning with the month in which his service as a Senator 
            commences (until the total amount has been charged) by 
            whichever of the following amounts is greater: (1) one-ninth 
            of the amount of salaries so paid, or (2) the amount by 
            which the aggregate amount of his clerk-hire allowance which 
            may be paid as of the close of such month under section 61-
            1(d)(1)(B) of this title exceeds the aggregate amount of his 
            clerk-hire allowance actually paid as of the close of such 
            month.
            (c) Payment of transportation and per diem expenses of 
                Senator-elect and appointed employees for one round trip 
                from home State to Washington, D.C. for business of 
                impending Congress; funding; maximum amount
                Each Senator-elect and each employee appointed under 
            subsection (a) of this section is authorized one round trip 
            from the home State of the Senator-elect to Washington, 
            D.C., and return, for the purposes of attending conferences, 
            caucuses, or organizational meetings, or for any other 
            official business connected with the impending Congress. In 
            addition, each Senator-elect and each such employee is 
            authorized per diem for not more than seven days while en 
            route to and from Washington, D.C., and while in Washington, 
            D.C. Such transportation and per diem expenses shall be in 
            the same amounts as are payable to Senators and employees in 
            the office of a Senator under section 58(e) of this title, 
            and shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate 
            upon itemized vouchers certified by the Senator-elect 
            concerned and approved by the Secretary of the Senate.
            (d) Payment of telegrams, telephone services, and stationery 
                expenses
                (1) Each Senator-elect is authorized to be reimbursed 
            for expenses incurred for telegrams, telephone services, and 
            stationery related to his position as a Senator-elect in an 
            amount not exceeding one-twelfth of the total amount of 
            expenses authorized to be paid to or on behalf of a Senator 
            from the State which he will represent under section 58 of 
            this title. Reimbursement to a Senator-elect under this 
            subsection shall be paid from the contingent fund of the 
            Senate upon itemized vouchers certified by such Senator-
            elect and approved by the Secretary of the Senate.
                (2) Amounts reimbursed to a Senator-elect under this 
            subsection shall be charged against the amount of expenses 
            which are authorized to be paid to him or on his behalf 
            under section 58 of this title, for each of the twelve 
            months beginning with the month in which his service as a 
            Senator commences (until all of such amounts have been 
            charged) by whichever of the following amounts is greater: 
            (1) one-twelfth of the amounts so reimbursed, or (2) the 
            amount by which the aggregate amount authorized to be so 
            paid under section 58(c) of this title as of the close of 
            such month exceeds the aggregate amount actually paid under 
            such section 58 as of the close of such month.
            (e) Effective date
                This section shall take effect on October 1, 1978.

            (Pub. L. 95-355, Title I, Sec. 105, Sept. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 
            534; Pub. L. 104-197, Title I, Sec. 2, Sept. 16, 1996, 110 
            Stat. 2397.)

        236  Sec. 46a. Stationery allowance for President of the Senate.
                Effective April 1, 1975, and each fiscal year 
            thereafter, the annual allowance for stationery for the 
            President of the Senate shall be $4,500. (Jan. 6, 1964, Pub. 
            L. 88-258, 77 Stat. 864; May 29, 1967, Pub. L. 90-21, 81 
            Stat. 38; Dec. 12, 1969, Pub. L. 91-145, Sec. 101, 83 Stat. 
            342; July 9, 1971, Pub. L. 92-51, Sec. 101, 85 Stat. 128; 
            Dec. 15, 1971, Pub. L. 92-184, Sec. 401, 85 Stat. 635; Oct. 
            31, 1972, Pub. L. 92-607, Sec. 506(k)(3), 86 Stat. 1508; 
            June 12, 1975, Pub. L. 94-32, Title I, Sec. 101, 89 Stat. 
            182.)
        237  Sec. 46a.-1. Senate Revolving fund for stationery 
                allowances; availability of unexpended balances; 
                withdrawals.
                There is established within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate a revolving fund which shall consist of (1) the 
            unexpended balance of the appropriation ``Contingent 
            Expenses, Senate, Stationery, fiscal year 1957'', (2) any 
            amounts hereafter appropriated for stationery allowances of 
            the President of the Senate, and for stationery for use of 
            officers of the Senate and the Conference of the Majority 
            and the Conference of the Minority of the Senate, and (3) 
            any undeposited amounts heretofore received, and any amounts 
            hereafter received as proceeds of sales by the stationery 
            room of the Senate. Any moneys in the fund shall be 
            available until expended for use in the same manner and for 
            the same purposes as funds heretofore appropriated to the 
            contingent fund of the Senate for stationery, except that 
            (1) the balance of any amount appropriated for stationery 
            for use of committees and officers of the Senate which 
            remains unexpended at the end of any fiscal year and (2) 
            allowances which are not available for obligation due to 
            vacancies or waiver of entitlement thereto, shall be 
            withdrawn from the revolving fund. Disbursements from the 
            fund shall be made upon vouchers approved by the Secretary 
            of the Senate, or his designee. (June 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85-
            58, Sec. 1101, 71 Stat. 188; Oct. 31, 1972, Pub. L. 92-607, 
            Sec. 506(1), 86 Stat. 1508; July 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-304, 
            Sec. 112(b)(3), 94 Stat. 889, 892; Oct. 7, 1997, Pub. L. 
            105-55, Title I, Sec. 7, 111 Stat. 1181.)
        240  Sec. 46d.-1. Long-distance telephone calls for Vice 
                President.
                Commencing January 20, 1949, the provisions of existing 
            law relating to long-distance telephone calls for Senators 
            shall be equally applicable to the Vice President of the 
            United States. (May 24, 1949, ch. 138, Sec. 101, 63 Stat. 
            77.)
        243  Sec. 47. Mode of payment.
                The compensation of Members and Delegates shall be 
            passed as public accounts, and paid out of the Public 
            Treasury. (R.S. Sec. 46.)
        244  Sec. 48. Certification of salary and mileage accounts.
                Salary and mileage accounts of Senators shall be 
            certified by the President of the Senate, and those of 
            Representatives and Delegates by the Speaker of the House of 
            Representatives; and such certificates shall be conclusive 
            upon all the departments and officers of the Government. 
            (R.S. Sec. Sec. 47, 48.)
        245  Sec. 55. United States Code Annotated and United States Code 
                Service; procurement for Senators.
                In lieu of the volumes of the Code of Laws of the United 
            States, and the supplements thereto, supplied a Senator 
            under section 212 of title 1, the Secretary of the Senate is 
            authorized and directed to supply to a Senator upon written 
            request of, and as specified by, that Senator--
                            (1) one copy of each of the volumes of the 
                        United States Code Annotated being published at 
                        the time the Senator takes office, and, as long 
                        as that Senator holds office, one copy of each 
                        replacement volume, each annual pocket part, and 
                        each pamphlet supplementing each such pocket 
                        part to the United States Code Annotated; or
                            (2) one copy of each of the volumes of the 
                        United States Code Service being published at 
                        the time the Senator takes office, and, as long 
                        as that Senator holds office, one copy of each 
                        replacement volume and each pocket supplement to 
                        the United States Code Service.

            A Senator is entitled to make a written request under this 
            paragraph and be supplied such volumes, pocket parts, and 
            supplements the first time he takes office as a Senator and 
            each time thereafter he takes office as a Senator after a 
            period of time during which he has not been a Senator. In 
            submitting such written request, the Senator shall certify 
            that the volumes, pocket parts, or supplements he is to be 
            supplied are to be for his exclusive, personal use. A 
            Senator holding office on July 9, 1971, shall be entitled to 
            file a written request and receive the volumes, pocket 
            parts, and supplements, as the case may be, referred to in 
            this paragraph if such request is filed within 60 days after 
            July 9, 1971. Expenses incurred under this authorization 
            shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate. (July 
            9, 1971, Pub. L. 92-51, Sec. 101, 85 Stat. 129; Oct. 31, 
            1972, Pub. L. 92-607, Sec. 501, 86 Stat. 1504.)

        246  Sec. 58. Mail, telegraph, telephone, stationery, office 
                supplies, and home state office and travel expenses for 
                Senators.

  

      246.1  (a) Authorization for payment from Senate contingent fund
                The contingent fund of the Senate is made available for 
            payment (including reimbursement) to or on behalf of each 
            Senator, upon certification of the Senator, for the 
            following expenses incurred by the Senator and his staff:
                            (1) telecommunications equipment and 
                        services subject to such regulations as may be 
                        promulgated by the Committee on Rules and 
                        Administration of the Senate;
                            (2)(A) stationery and other office supplies 
                        procured for use for official business, and
                            (B) metered charges for use of copying 
                        equipment provided by the Sergeant at Arms and 
                        Doorkeeper of the Senate;
                            (3)(A) Repealed. (Pub. L. 101-520, Title I, 
                        Sec. 11, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2260.)
                            (B) postage on, and fees and charges in 
                        connection with official mail matter sent 
                        through the mail other than the franking 
                        privilege upon certification by the Senate 
                        Sergeant at Arms and subject to such regulations 
                        as may be promulgated by the Committee on Rules 
                        and Administration, and
                            (C) costs incurred in the preparation of 
                        required official reports, and the acquisition 
                        of mailing lists to be used for official 
                        purposes, and in the mailing, delivery, or 
                        transmitting of matters relating to official 
                        business;
                            (4) official office expenses incurred (other 
                        than for equipment and furniture and expenses 
                        described in paragraphs (1) through (3)) for an 
                        office in his home State;
                            (5) expenses incurred for publications 
                        printed or recorded in any way for auditory and 
                        visual use (including subscriptions to books, 
                        newspapers, magazines, clipping, and other 
                        information services);
                            (6) subject to the provisions of subsection 
                        (e) of this section, reimbursement of travel 
                        expenses incurred by the Senator and employees 
                        in his office;
                            (7) expenses incurred for additional office 
                        equipment and services related thereto (but not 
                        including personal services), in accordance with 
                        regulations promulgated by the Committee on 
                        Rules and Administration of the Senate;
                            (8) charges officially incurred for 
                        recording and photographic services and 
                        products; and
                            (9) such other official expenses as the 
                        Senator determines to be necessary.

            Payment under this section shall be made only upon 
            presentation of itemized vouchers for expenses incurred and, 
            in the case of expenses paid or reimbursed under paragraphs 
            (6) and (9), only upon presentation of detailed itemized 
            vouchers for such expenses. Vouchers presented for payment 
            under this section shall be accompanied by such 
            documentation as is required under regulations promulgated 
            by the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate. 
            No payment shall be made under paragraph (4) or (9) for any 
            expense incurred for entertainment or meals.

      246.2  (b) Limits for authorized expenses; recalculation formula
                (1)(A) Except as is otherwise provided in the succeeding 
            paragraphs of this subsection and subject to subparagraph 
            (B) of this paragraph, the total amount of expenses 
            authorized to be paid to or on behalf of a Senator under 
            this section shall not exceed for calendar year 1977 or any 
            calendar year thereafter an amount equal to one-half of the 
            sum of the amounts authorized to be paid under this section 
            on the day before August 5, 1977, to or on behalf of both of 
            the Senators from the State which he represents, increased 
            by an amount equal to twenty percent thereof and rounded to 
            the next higher multiple of $1,000.
                (B) In the event that the term of office of a Senator 
            begins after the first month of any such calendar year or 
            ends (except by reason of death, resignation, or expulsion) 
            before the last month of any such calendar year, the 
            aggregate amount available to such Senator for such year 
            shall be the aggregate amount computed under paragraph (1) 
            of this subsection, divided by 12, and multiplied by the 
            number of months in such year which are included in the 
            Senator's term of office, counting any fraction of a month 
            as a full month.
                (2)(A) In the case of the period which commences January 
            1, 1988, and ends September 30, 1988, the total of--
                            (i) the expenses paid to or on behalf of a 
                        Senator under this section for such period, plus
                            (ii) the aggregate amount of gross 
                        compensation which is paid to employees in the 
                        office of such Senator for such period (as 
                        determined for purposes of section 61-1(d) of 
                        this title),

            shall not exceed the aggregate of--

                            (iii) subject to subparagraph (B), an amount 
                        equal to 75 percent of the amount of the 
                        authorized expenses under this section for the 
                        calendar year ending December 31, 1987, as 
                        determined in the case of a Senator, who 
                        represents the State which such Senator 
                        represents, whose term of office included all of 
                        such calendar year, plus
                            (iv) the amount by which (I) the aggregate 
                        of the gross compensation which may be paid to 
                        employees in the office of such Senator for the 
                        fiscal year ending September 30, 1988, pursuant 
                        to the limitations imposed by section 61-1(d) of 
                        this title (as determined without regard to 
                        paragraph (1)(B) thereof), exceeds (II) the 
                        aggregate amount of gross compensation which is 
                        paid to employees in the office of such Senator 
                        for that part of such fiscal year which precedes 
                        January 1, 1988.
                (B) In the event that the term of office of a Senator 
            begins after the first month of the period which commences 
            January 1, 1988, and ends September 30, 1988, or ends 
            (except by reason of death, resignation, or exclusion) 
            before the last month of such period, the amount computed 
            pursuant to subparagraph (A)(iii) of this paragraph (but 
            before application of this subparagraph) shall be 
            recalculated as follows: such amount, as computed under 
            subparagraph (A)(iii) of this paragraph, shall be divided by 
            9, and multiplied by the number of months in such period 
            which are included in the Senator's term of office, counting 
            any fraction of a month as a full month.
                (3)(A) In the case of the fiscal year beginning October 
            1, 1988, or any fiscal year thereafter, the total of--
                            (i) the expenses paid to or on behalf of a 
                        Senator under this section for such fiscal year, 
                        plus
                            (ii) the aggregate amount of gross 
                        compensation which is paid to employees in the 
                        office of such Senator for such fiscal year (as 
                        determined for purposes of section 61-1(d) of 
                        this title),

            shall not exceed the aggregate of--

                            (iii) subject to subparagraph (B)--

                                (I) in case the Senator represents 
                            Alabama, $116,300, Alaska, $221,600, 
                            Arizona, $128,975, Arkansas, $118,250, 
                            California, $168,950, Colorado, $124,100, 
                            Connecticut, $105,575, Delaware, $95,825, 
                            Florida, $120,200, Georgia, $116,300, 
                            Hawaii, $245,000, Idaho, $128,000, Illinois, 
                            $138,725, Indiana, $116,300, Iowa, $119,225, 
                            Kansas, $119,225, Kentucky, $115,325, 
                            Louisiana, $120,200, Maine, $110,450, 
                            Maryland, $100,700, Massachusetts, $114,350, 
                            Michigan $124,100, Minnesota, $120,200, 
                            Mississippi, $118,250, Missouri, $121,175, 
                            Montana, $128,000, Nebraska, $120,200, 
                            Nevada, $129,950, New Hampshire, $106,550, 
                            New Jersey, $110,450, New Mexico, $125,075, 
                            New York, $145,550, North Carolina, 
                            $112,400, North Dakota, $119,225, Ohio, 
                            $129,950, Oklahoma, $123,125, Oregon, 
                            $132,875, Pennsylvania, $128,975, Rhode 
                            Island, $104,600, South Carolina, $110,450, 
                            South Dakota, $120,200, Tennessee, $116,300, 
                            Texas, $149,450, Utah, $128,000, Vermont, 
                            $105,575, Virginia, $106,550, Washington, 
                            $135,800, West Virginia, $105,575, 
                            Wisconsin, $119,225, Wyoming, $123,125, plus

                                (II) the amount that is equal to the 
                            Senator's share for the fiscal year, as 
                            determined in accordance with regulations of 
                            the Committee on Rules and Administration, 
                            of the amount made available within the 
                            Senators' Official Personnel and Office 
                            Expense Account in the contingent fund of 
                            the Senate for official mail expenses of 
                            Senators, plus

                            (iv) the aggregate of the gross compensation 
                        which may be paid to employees in the office of 
                        such Senator for such fiscal year, under the 
                        limitations imposed by section 61-1(d) of this 
                        title, but without regard to the provisions of 
                        paragraph (1)(C)(iv) thereof.
                (B) In the event that the term of office of a Senator 
            begins after the first month of any such fiscal year or ends 
            (except by reason of death, resignation, or expulsion) 
            before the last month of any such fiscal year, that part of 
            the amount referred to in subparagraph (A)(iii)(I) shall be 
            recalculated as follows: such amount, as computed under 
            subparagraph (iii), shall be divided by 12, and multiplied 
            by the number of months in such year which are included in 
            the Senator's term of office, counting any fraction of a 
            month as a full month; and the amount referred to in 
            subparagraph (A)(iii)(II) shall be recalculated in 
            accordance with regulations of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration.
            (c) Repealed. (Pub. L. 97-51, Sec. 122, Oct. 1, 1981, 95 
                Stat. 965.)
            (d) Repealed. (Pub. L. 93-371, Sec. 101(3)(e), Aug. 13, 
                1974, 88 Stat. 429

  

      246.3  (e) Transportation, essential travel-related expenses, and 
                per diem expenses; coverage; limitations; amounts \1\
                \1\ S. Res. 540, 96-2, agreed to Dec. 8, 1980, provided: 
                ``That, until otherwise provided by law, reimbursement 
                with respect to travel expenses incurred by a Senator or 
                employee described in section 506(e) of the Supplemental 
                Appropriations Act, 1973 (2 U.S.C. 58(e)); shall be made 
                as if the phrase `only for actual transportation 
                expenses' read `for travel expenses essential to the 
                transaction of official business while away from his 
                official station or post of duty.' ''
                Subject to and in accordance with regulations 
            promulgated by the Committee on Rules and Administration of 
            the Senate, a Senator and the employees in his office shall 
            be reimbursed under this section for travel expenses 
            incurred by the Senator or employee while traveling on 
            official business within the United States. The term 
            ``travel expenses'' includes actual transportation expenses, 
            essential travel-related expenses, and, where applicable, 
            per diem expenses (but not in excess of actual expenses.) A 
            Senator or an employee of the Senator shall not be 
            reimbursed for any travel expenses (other than actual 
            transportation expenses) for any travel occurring during the 
            sixty days immediately before the date of any primary or 
            general election (whether regular, special, or runoff) in 
            which the Senator is a candidate for public office (within 
            the meaning of section 431(b) of this title), unless his 
            candidacy in such election is uncontested. For purposes of 
            this subsection and subsection (a)(6) of this section, an 
            employee in the Office of the President pro tempore, Deputy 
            President pro tempore, Majority Leader, Minority Leader, 
            Majority Whip, Minority Whip, Secretary of the Conference of 
            the Majority, or Secretary of the Conference of the Minority 
            shall be considered to be an employee in the office of the 
            Senator holding such office.
            (f) Omitted.

  

      246.4  (g) Closing of deceased Senator's State offices
                In the case of the death of any Senator, the chairman of 
            the Committee on Rules and Administration may certify for 
            such deceased Senator for any portion of such sum already 
            obligated but not certified to at the time of such Senator's 
            death, and for any additional amount which may be reasonably 
            needed for the purpose of closing such deceased Senator's 
            State offices, for payment to the person or persons 
            designated as entitled to such payment by such chairman.
      246.5  (h) Individuals serving on panels or other bodies 
                recommending nominees for Federal judgeships, service 
                academies, United States Attorneys, or United States 
                Marshalls
                For purposes of subsections (a) and (e) of this section, 
            an individual who is selected by a Senator to serve on a 
            panel or other body to make recommendations for nominees to 
            one or more Federal judgeships or to one or more service 
            academies or one or more positions of United States Attorney 
            or United States Marshall shall be considered to be an 
            employee in the office of that Senator with respect to 
            travel and official expenses incurred in performing duties 
            as a member of such panel or other body, and shall be 
            reimbursed (A) for actual transportation expenses and per 
            diem expenses (but not exceeding actual travel expenses) 
            incurred while traveling in performing such duties within 
            the Senator's home State or between that State and 
            Washington, District of Columbia, and each of the service 
            academies, (B) for official expenses incurred in performing 
            such duties. For purposes of this subsection and subsection 
            (a) of this section, ``official expenses'' means expenses of 
            the type for which reimbursement may be made to an employee 
            in the office of a Senator when traveling on business of a 
            committee of which that Senator is a member, and, for 
            accounting purposes, such expenses shall be treated as 
            expenses for which reimbursement may be made under 
            subsection (a)(4) of this section.
      246.6  (i) Authorization of Secretary of Senate to pay reimbursable 
                expenses
                Whenever a Senator or an employee in his office has 
            incurred an expense for which reimbursement may be made 
            under this section, the Secretary of the Senate is 
            authorized to make payment to that Senator or employee for 
            the expense incurred, subject to the same terms and 
            conditions as apply to reimbursement of the expense under 
            this section.
      246.7  (j) Advances from contingent fund of the Senate for travel 
                expenses for official business trips; vouchers; 
                settlement
                Whenever a Senator or employee of his office plans an 
            official business trip with respect to which reimbursement 
            for travel expenses is authorized under the preceding 
            provisions of section (a), the Senator (or such an employee 
            who has been designated by the Senator to do so) may, prior 
            to the commencement of such trip and in accordance with 
            applicable regulations of the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration, obtain from any moneys in the contingent 
            fund of the Senate which are available to him for purposes 
            specified in subsection (a)(6) of this section, such advance 
            sum as he shall certify (and be accountable for), to the 
            Secretary of the Senate, to be necessary to defray some or 
            all of the expenses to be incurred on such trip which 
            expenses are reimbursable under the preceding provisions of 
            this section. The receipt by any Senator for any sum so 
            advanced to him or his order out of the contingent fund of 
            the Senate by the Secretary of the Senate shall be taken and 
            passed by the accounting officers of the Government as a 
            full and sufficient voucher; but it shall be the duty of 
            such Senator (or employee of his office, as the case may 
            be), as soon as practicable, to furnish to the Secretary of 
            the Senate a detailed voucher of the expenses incurred for 
            the travel with respect to which the sum was so advanced, 
            and make settlement with respect to such sum. (Oct. 31, 
            1972, Pub. L. 92-607, Sec. 506(a)-(j), 86 Stat. 1505; 
            amended Aug. 13, 1974, Pub. L. 93-371, Sec. (3)(e), 88 Stat. 
            429; July 25, 1975, Pub. L. 94-59, Sec. 103, 89 Stat. 274; 
            Aug. 5, 1977, Pub. L. 95-94, Title I, Sec. 112, 91 Stat. 
            663; Mar. 7, 1978, Pub. L. 95-240, Title II, Sec. 208, 92 
            Stat. 117; Sept. 30, 1978, Pub. L. 95-391, Title I, 
            Sec. 108(a), 92 Stat. 773; July 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-304, 
            Title I, Sec. Sec. 101, 102(a), 103, 104, 94 Stat. 889; July 
            6, 1981, Pub. L. 97-19, 95 Stat. 103; July 14, 1983, Pub. L. 
            98-51, Sec. 102, 97 Stat. 266; July 12, 1985, Pub. L. 99-65, 
            Sec. 1(a), 99 Stat. 163; October 21, 1987, Pub. L. 100-137, 
            101 Stat. 815, 816, 817, 818, and 829; October 1, 1988, Pub. 
            L. 100-458, Sec. 8, 13, 14, 102 Stat. 2162; Pub. L. 101-163, 
            Title I, Sec. 5(a), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1045; Pub. L. 
            101-520, Title I, Sec. Sec. 4(c), 8, 9(a), 11, Title III, 
            Sec. 311(h)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2258, 2259, 2260, 
            2280; Pub. L. 102-90, Sec. 7(a), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 
            451; Pub. L. 105-55, Title I, Sec. 3(a), Oct. 7, 1997, 111 
            Stat. 1180; Pub. L. 105-275, Title I, Sec. 1, Oct. 21, 1998, 
            112 Stat. 2432; Pub. L. 106-57, Title I, Sec. 1(a), (b), 
            Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 410, 411.)
      246.8  Sec. 58a. Telecommunications services for Senators; payment 
                of costs out of contingent fund.
                The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate shall 
            furnish each Senator local and long-distance 
            telecommunications services in Washington, District of 
            Columbia, and in such Senator's State in accordance with 
            regulations prescribed by the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration; and the costs of such service shall be paid 
            out of the contingent fund of the Senate from moneys made 
            available to him for that purpose. (Nov. 30, 1983, Pub. L. 
            98-181, Sec. 1205(a), as amended, 97 Stat. 1290; July 12, 
            1985, Pub. L. 99-65, Sec. 1(b), 99 Stat. 163; Oct. 2, 1986, 
            Pub. L. 99-439, 100 Stat. 1085.)
            Sec. 58a.-1. Payment for telecommunications equipment and 
                services; definitions.
                As used in sections 58a-1 to 58a-3 of this title, the 
            term--
                            (1) ``Sergeant at Arms'' means the Sergeant 
                        at Arms and Doorkeeper of the United States 
                        Senate; and
                            (2) ``user'' means any Senator, Officer of 
                        the Senate, Committee, office, or entity 
                        provided telephone equipment and services by the 
                        Sergeant at Arms. (Pub. L. 100-123, Sec. 1, Oct. 
                        5, 1987, 101 Stat. 794.)
            Sec. 58a-2. Certification of telecommunications equipment 
                and services as official.
                (a) Subject to such regulations as may hereafter be 
            issued by the Committee on Rules and Administration of the 
            Senate, the Sergeant at Arms shall have the authority, with 
            respect to telephone equipment and services provided to any 
            user on a reimbursable basis (including repair or 
            replacement), solely for the purposes of this section, to 
            make such certification as may be necessary to establish 
            such services and equipment as official, issue invoices in 
            conjunction therewith, and receive payment for such services 
            and equipment by certification, voucher, or otherwise.
                (b) For purposes of sections 58-1 to 58a-3 of this 
            title, telephone equipment and services provided to any user 
            for which payment, prior to October 1, 1987, was not 
            authorized from the contingent fund of the Senate shall, on 
            and after October 1, 1987, be considered telephone equipment 
            and services provided on a reimbursable basis for which 
            payment may be obtained from such fund in accordance with 
            subsection (a) of this section.
                (c) Subject to the approval of the Committee on Rules 
            and Administration, the Sergeant at Arms may establish 
            reasonable charges for telephone equipment and services 
            provided to any user which may be in addition to that 
            regularly authorized by the Committee.
                (d) All moneys, derived from payments for telephone 
            equipment and services provided from funds from the 
            Appropriation Account within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate for ``Contingent Expenses, Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper of the Senate'' under the line item for 
            Telecommunications (including receipts from carriers and 
            others for loss or damage to such services or equipment for 
            which repair or replacement has been provided by the 
            Sergeant at Arms), and all other moneys received by the 
            Sergeant at Arms as charges or commissions for telephone 
            services, shall be deposited in and made a part of such 
            Appropriation Account and under such line item, and shall be 
            available for expenditure or obligation, or both, in like 
            manner and subject to the same limitations as any other 
            moneys in such account and under such line item.
                (e) Nothing in sections 58a-1 to 58a-3 of this title 
            shall be construed as limiting or otherwise affecting the 
            authority of the Committee on Rules and Administration of 
            the Senate to classify or reclassify telephone equipment and 
            services provided to any user as equipment or services for 
            which reimbursement may or may not be required. (Pub. L. 
            100-123, Sec. 2, Oct. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 794, amended Pub. 
            L. 101-163, Title I, Sec. 3, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1044.)
            Sec. 58a-3. Report on telecommunications to Committee on 
                Rules and Administration.
                The Sergeant at Arms shall report to the Committee on 
            Rules and Administration of the Senate, at such time or 
            times, and in such form and manner, as the Committee may 
            direct, on expenditures made, and revenues received, 
            pursuant to sections 58a-1 to 58a-3 of this title. It shall 
            be the function of the Sergeant at Arms to advise the 
            Committee, as soon as possible, of any dispute regarding 
            payments to and from such Appropriation Account as related 
            to the line item for Telecommunications, including any 
            amounts due and unpaid by any user, if any such dispute has 
            remained unresolved for a period of at least 60 days. (Oct. 
            5, 1987, Pub. L. 100-123, Sec. 3, 101 Stat. 795.)
      246.9  Sec. 58a-4. Metered charges on copiers; ``Sergeant at Arms'' 
                and ``user'' defined; certification of services and 
                equipment as official; deposit of payments; availability 
                for expenditure.
                (a) As used in this section, the term--
                            (1) ``Sergeant at Arms'' means the Sergeant 
                        at Arms and Doorkeeper of the United States 
                        Senate; and
                            (2) ``user'' means any Senator, Officer of 
                        the Senate, Committee, office, or entity 
                        provided copiers by the Sergeant at Arms.
                (b)(1) Subject to such regulations as may on and after 
            November 5, 1990, be issued by the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration of the Senate, the Sergeant at Arms shall 
            have the authority, with respect to metered charges on 
            copying equipment provided by the Sergeant at Arms, solely 
            for the purposes of this section, to make such certification 
            as may be necessary to establish such services and equipment 
            as official, issue invoices in conjunction therewith, and 
            receive payment for such services and equipment by 
            certification, voucher, or otherwise.
                (2) All moneys, derived from the payment of metered 
            charges on copying equipment provided from funds from the 
            Appropriation Account within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate for ``Contingent Expenses, Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper of the Senate'' under the line item for the 
            Service Department, shall be deposited in and made a part of 
            such Appropriation Account and under such line item, and 
            shall be available for expenditure or obligation, or both, 
            in like manner and subject to the same limitations as any 
            other moneys in such account and under such line item. (Pub. 
            L. 101-520, Title I, Sec. 4(a), (b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 
            2257.)
            Sec. 58b. Repealed. (October 21, 1987, Pub. L. 100-137, 
                Sec. 2, 101 Stat. 819.)

  

    246.10  Sec. 58c. Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense 
                Account.
                (1) Effective January 1, 1988, there shall be, within 
            the contingent fund of the Senate, a separate appropriation 
            account to be known as the ``Senators' Official Personnel 
            and Office Expense Account'' (hereinafter in this section 
            referred to as the ``Senators' Account'').
                (2) The Senators' Account shall be used for the funding 
            of all items, activities, and expenses which, immediately 
            prior to January 1, 1988, were funded under either (A) the 
            Senate appropriation account for ``Administrative, Clerical, 
            and Legislative Assistance Allowance to Senators'' 
            (hereinafter in this section referred to as the ``Senators' 
            Clerk Hire Allowance Account'') under the headings 
            ``SENATE'' and ``Salaries, Officers and Employees'', or (B) 
            that part of the account, within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate, for ``Miscellaneous Items'' (hereinafter in this 
            section referred to as the ``Senators' Official Expense 
            Account'') which is available for allocation to Senatorial 
            Official Office Expense Accounts. In addition, the Senators' 
            Account shall be used for the funding of agency 
            contributions payable with respect to compensation payable 
            by such account, but moneys appropriated to such account for 
            this purpose shall not be available for any other purpose. 
            The account, which in clause (A) of the first sentence of 
            this paragraph is identified as the ``Senators' Clerk Hire 
            Allowance Account'' and the account, which in clause (B) of 
            such sentence is identified as the ``Senators' Official 
            Expense Account'' shall, when referred to in other law, 
            rule, regulation, or order (whether referred to by such name 
            or any other) shall on or after January 1, 1988, be deemed 
            to refer to the ``Senators' Official Personnel and Office 
            Expense Account.''
                (3)(A) Effective on January 1, 1988, there shall be 
            transferred to the Senators' Account from the Senators' 
            Clerk Hire Allowance Account all funds therein which were 
            available for expenditure or obligation during the fiscal 
            year ending September 30, 1988, and from the Senators' 
            Official Office Expense Account so much of the funds therein 
            as was available for expenditure or obligation for the 
            period commencing January 1, 1988, and ending September 30, 
            1988; except that the Senators' Official Office Expense 
            Account shall remain in being solely for the purpose of 
            being available to pay for any authorized item, activity, or 
            expense, for which funds therein had been obligated, but not 
            paid, prior to such transfer.
                (B) Any of the funds transferred to the Senators' 
            Account from the Senators' Clerk Hire Allowance Account 
            pursuant to subparagraph (A) which, prior to such transfer, 
            had been obligated, but not expended, for any authorized 
            item, activity, or expense, shall be available to pay for 
            such item, activity, or expense in like manner as if such 
            transfer had not been made.
                (4) On January 1, 1988, there shall be transferred to 
            the Senators' Account, from the appropriation account for 
            ``Agency Contributions'', under the headings ``SENATE'' and 
            ``Salaries, Officers and Employees'', so much of the moneys 
            in such account as was appropriated for the purpose of 
            making agency contributions for administrative, clerical, 
            and legislative assistance to Senators with respect to 
            compensation payable for the period commencing January 1, 
            1988, and ending September 30, 1988; and the moneys so 
            transferred shall be available only for the payment of such 
            agency contributions with respect to such compensation.
                (5) Vouchers shall not be required for the disbursement, 
            from the Senators' Account, of salaries of employees in the 
            office of a Senator.
                (6) Effective on and after October 1, 1997 the Senator's 
            account shall be available for the payment of franked mail 
            expenses of Senators.

            (Oct. 21, 1987, Pub. L. 100-137, Sec. 1(a), 101 Stat. 814, 
            815; Pub. L. 105-55 Title I, Sec. 3(b), Oct. 7, 1997, 111 
            Stat. 1180.)

    246.11  Sec. 58c-1. Repealed. (Public Law 105-55, Title I, 
                Sec. 3(c)(1), Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 1180)

  

        247  Sec. 59. Home State office space for Senators; lease of 
                office space.

  

      247.1  (a) Procurement by Sergeant at Arms of Senate in places 
                designated by Senator; places subject to use; lease of 
                office space
                (1) The Sergeant at Arms of the Senate shall secure for 
            each Senator office space suitable for the Senator's 
            official use in places designated by the Senator in the 
            State he represents. That space shall be secured in post 
            offices or other Federal buildings at such places. In the 
            event suitable office space is not available in post offices 
            or other Federal buildings, the Sergeant at Arms shall 
            secure other office space in those places.
                (2) The Senator may lease, on behalf of the United 
            States Senate, the office space so secured for a term not 
            extending beyond the term of office which he is serving on 
            the first day of such lease, except that, in the case of a 
            Senator whose term of office is expiring and who has been 
            elected for another term, such lease may extend until the 
            end of the term for which he has been so elected. Each such 
            lease shall contain a provision permitting its cancellation 
            upon sixty days written notice by the Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper of the Senate, in the event of the death or 
            resignation of the Senator. A copy of each such lease shall 
            be furnished to the Sergeant at Arms. Nothing in this 
            paragraph shall be construed to require the Sergeant at Arms 
            to enter into or execute any lease for or on behalf of a 
            Senator.
      247.2  (b) Maximum amount of aggregate square feet for each Senator
                The aggregate square feet of office space secured for 
            Senator shall not at any time exceed--
                            (1) 5,000 square feet if the population of 
                        the State of the Senator is less than 3,000,000;
                            (2) 5,200 square feet if such population is 
                        3,000,000 but less than 4,000,000;
                            (3) 5,400 square feet if such population is 
                        4,000,000 but less than 5,000,000;
                            (4) 5,800 square feet if such population is 
                        5,000,000 but less than 7,000,000;
                            (5) 6,200 square feet if such population is 
                        7,000,000 but less than 9,000,000;
                            (6) 6,400 square feet if such population is 
                        9,000,000 but less than 10,000,000;
                            (7) 6,600 square feet if such population is 
                        10,000,000 but less than 11,000,000;
                            (8) 6,800 square feet if such population is 
                        11,000,000 but less than 12,000,000;
                            (9) 7,000 square feet if such population is 
                        12,000,000 but less than 13,000,000;
                            (10) 7,400 square feet if such population is 
                        13,000,000 but less than 15,000,000;
                            (11) 7,800 square feet if such population is 
                        15,000,000 but less than 17,000,000; or
                            (12) 8,200 square feet if such population is 
                        17,000,000 or more.
      247.3  (c) Maximum annual rental rate; maximum aggregate amount for 
                acquisition of furniture, equipment, and other office 
                furnishings
                (1) The maximum annual rate that may be paid for the 
            rental of an office secured for a Senator not in a post 
            office or other Federal building shall not exceed the 
            highest rate per square foot charged Federal agencies on the 
            first day of the lease of such office by the Administrator 
            of General Services, based upon a 100 percent building 
            quality rating, for office space located in the place in 
            which the Senator's office is located, multiplied by the 
            number of square feet contained in that office used by the 
            Senator and his employees to perform their duties.
                (2) The aggregate amount that may be paid for the 
            acquisition of furniture, equipment, and other office 
            furnishings heretofore provided by the Administrator of 
            General Services for one or more offices secured for the 
            Senator is $40,000 if the aggregate square feet of office 
            space is not in excess of 5,000 square feet. Such amount is 
            increased by $1,000 for each authorized additional 
            incremental increase in office space of 200 square feet. 
            Effective beginning with the 106th Congress, the aggregate 
            amount in effect under this paragraph for any Congress shall 
            be increased by the inflation adjustment factor for the 
            calendar year in which the Congress begins. For purposes of 
            the preceding sentence, the inflation adjustment factor for 
            any calendar year is a fraction the numerator of which is 
            the implicit price deflator for the gross domestic product 
            as computed and published by the Department of Commerce for 
            the preceding calendar year and the denominator of which is 
            such deflator for the calendar year 1998.
      247.4  (d) Senators subject to maximum amount of aggregate square 
                feet and maximum annual rental rate
                (1) Notwithstanding subsection (b) of this section, the 
            aggregate square feet of office space secured for a Senator 
            who is a Senator on July 1, 1974, shall not at any time 
            exceed, as long as he continuously serves as a Senator, the 
            greater of--
                            (A) the applicable square footage limitation 
                        of such subsection; or
                            (B) the total square footage of those 
                        offices that the Senator has on such date and 
                        which are continuously maintained in the same 
                        buildings in which such offices were located on 
                        such date.
                (2) The provisions of subsection (c) of this section do 
            not apply to any office that a Senator has on July 1, 1974, 
            not in a post office or other Federal building, as long as--
                            (A) that Senator continuously serves as a 
                        Senator; and
                            (B) that office is maintained in the same 
                        building in which it was located on such date 
                        and contains not more than the same number of 
                        square feet it contained on such date.
      247.5  (e) Omitted.

  

      247.6  (f) Mobile office
                (1) Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2), (3), 
            (4), and (5), a Senator may lease one mobile office for use 
            only in the State he represents and the contingent fund of 
            the Senate is available for the rental payments (including 
            by way of reimbursement) made under such lease together with 
            the actual nonpersonnel cost of operating such mobile 
            office. The term of any such lease shall not exceed 3 years. 
            A copy of each such lease shall be furnished to the Sergeant 
            at Arms of the Senate.
                (2) The maximum aggregate annual rental payments and 
            operating costs (except furniture, equipment, and 
            furnishings) that may be paid to a Senator under paragraph 
            (1) shall not at any time exceed an amount determined by 
            multiplying (A) the highest applicable rate per square foot 
            charged Federal agencies by the Administrator of General 
            Services in the State which that Senator represents, based 
            upon a 100 percent building quality rating, by (B) the 
            maximum aggregate square feet of office space to which that 
            Senator is entitled under subsection (b) of this section 
            reduced by the number of square feet contained in offices 
            secured for that Senator under subsection (a) of this 
            section and used by that Senator and his employees to 
            perform their duties.
                (3) No payment shall be made under paragraph (1) for 
            rental payments and operating costs of a mobile office of a 
            Senator unless the following provisions are included in its 
            lease:
                            (A) Liability insurance in the amount of 
                        $1,000,000 shall be provided with respect to the 
                        operation and use of such mobile office.
                            (B) Either of the following inscriptions 
                        shall be clearly visible on three sides of such 
                        mobile office in letters not less than three 
                        inches high:

                                                ``UNITED STATED 
                                                GOVERNMENT VEHICLE

                                                ``FOR OFFICIAL USE 
                                                ONLY'';

                                         Or

                                                ``MOBILE OFFICE OF 
                                                SENATOR--------

                                                ``FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY'

                                                  

                            (4) No payment shall be made under paragraph 
                        (1) for rental payments and operating costs of a 
                        mobile office of a Senator which are 
                        attributable to or incurred during the 60-day 
                        period ending with the date of any primary or 
                        general election (whether regular, special, or 
                        runoff) in which that Senator is a candidate for 
                        public office, unless his candidacy in such 
                        election is uncontested.
                            (5) Payment under paragraph (1) shall be 
                        made on a monthly basis and shall be paid upon 
                        vouchers approved by the Sergeant at Arms of the 
                        Senate.
      247.7  (g) Effective date
                This section is effective on and after July 1, 1974. 
            (Pub. L. 93-371, Sec. 3, Aug. 13, 1974, 88 Stat. 428; Pub. 
            L. 94-32, Title I, Sec. 4, June 12, 1975, 89 Stat. 183; Pub. 
            L. 94-59, Title I, Sec. Sec. 106(a), 107, July 25, 1975, 89 
            Stat. 276; Pub. L. 95-26, Title I, Sec. 105, May 4, 1977, 91 
            Stat. 83; Pub. L. 95-94, Title I, Sec. 112(d), Aug. 5, 1977, 
            91 Stat. 664; Pub. L. 96-304, Title I, Sec. 109, July 8, 
            1980, 94 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 99-88, Title I, Sec. 194, Aug. 
            15, 1985, 99 Stat. 349; Pub. L. 102-27, Title II, Apr. 10, 
            1991, 105 Stat. 144; Pub. L. 102-90, Title I, Sec. 7(b), 
            Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 451; Pub. L. 104-197, Title I, 
            Sec. 3, Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2397; Pub. L. 106-57, 
            Title I, Sec. 3, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 411.)
      247.8  Sec. 59-1. Additional home State office space for Senators; 
                declaration of disaster or emergency.
                (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law or 
            regulation, with the approval of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration of the Senate, the Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper of the Senate is authorized to provide additional 
            facilities, services, equipment, and office space for use by 
            a Senator in that Senator's State in connection with a 
            disaster or emergency declared by the President under the 
            Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
            Act [42 U.S.C.A. Sec. 5121 et seq.]. Expenses incurred by 
            the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate under this 
            section shall be paid from the appropriation account, within 
            the contingent fund of the Senate, for expenses of the 
            Office of the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate, 
            upon vouchers signed by the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper 
            of the Senate with the approval of the Committee on Rules 
            and Administration of the Senate.
                (b) This section is effective on and after June 12, 
            1997.

            (Pub. L. 105-18, Title II, Sec. 7002, June 12, 1997, 111 
            Stat. 192.)

        248  Sec. 59b. Purchase of office equipment or furnishings by 
                Senators.

  

      248.1  (a) Authorization; conditions
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a United 
            States Senator may purchase, upon leaving office or 
            otherwise ceasing to be a Senator (except by expulsion), any 
            item or items of office equipment or office furnishings 
            provided by the General Services Administration and then 
            currently located and in use in an office of such Senator in 
            the State then represented by such Senator.

  

      248.2  (b) Request by Senator and arrangement for purchase by 
                Sergeant at Arms of Senate; regulations governing 
                purchase; price
                At the request of any United States Senator, the 
            Sergeant at Arms of the Senate shall arrange for and make 
            the purchase of equipment and furnishings under subsection 
            (a) of this section on behalf of such Senator. Each such 
            purchase shall be--
                            (1) in accordance with regulations which 
                        shall be prescribed by the Committee on Rules 
                        and Administration of the Senate, after 
                        consultation with the General Services 
                        Administration; and
                            (2) at a price equal to the acquisition cost 
                        to the Federal Government of the equipment or 
                        furnishings so purchased, less allowance for 
                        depreciation determined under such regulations, 
                        but in no instance less than the fair market 
                        value of such items.
      248.3  (c) Remittance of amounts received to General Services 
                Administration; disposition
                Amounts received by the Federal Government from the sale 
            of items of office equipment or office furnishings under 
            this section shall be remitted to the General Services 
            Administration and credited to the appropriate account or 
            accounts. (Oct. 20, 1974, Pub. L. 93-462, Sec. 2, 88 Stat. 
            1388.)
      248.6  Sec. 59e. Official mail of persons entitled to use the 
                congressional frank.
            (a) Congressional committee regulations for expenditure of 
                appropriations for official mail
                Except as otherwise provided in this section, funds 
            appropriated by this Act or any other Act for expenses of 
            official mail of any person entitled to use the 
            congressional frank may be expended only in accordance with 
            regulations prescribed by the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration of the Senate or the Committee on House 
            Oversight of the House of Representatives, as applicable. 
            Such regulations shall require--
                            (1) individual accountability for use of 
                        official mail by each person entitled to use the 
                        congressional frank;
                            (2)(A) with respect to the House of 
                        Representatives, allocation of funds for 
                        official mail to be made to each such person 
                        with respect to each session of Congress (with 
                        no transfer to any other session or to any other 
                        such person); and
                            (B) with respect to the Senate, allocation 
                        of funds for official mail to be made to each 
                        such person with respect to each session of 
                        Congress (with no transfer to any other session, 
                        other than transfers from the first session of a 
                        Congress to the second session of that Congress, 
                        or to any other such person); and
                            (3) with respect to the House of 
                        Representatives, that in addition to any other 
                        report or information made available to the 
                        public (through the House Commission on 
                        Congressional Mailing Standards or otherwise) 
                        regarding the use of the frank, the Chief 
                        Administrative Officer of the House of 
                        Representatives shall include in the quarterly 
                        report of receipts and expenditures submitted to 
                        the House of Representatives a statement (based 
                        solely on data provided for that purpose by the 
                        Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
                        Representatives and the House Commission on 
                        Congressional Mailing Standards) of costs 
                        incurred for official mail by each person 
                        entitled to use the congressional frank.
            (b) Postmaster General functions
                The Postmaster General, in consultation with the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate and the 
            Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
            Representatives--
                            (1) shall monitor use of official mail by 
                        each person entitled to use the congressional 
                        frank;
                            (2) at least monthly, shall notify any 
                        person with an allocation under subsection 
                        (a)(2)(A) of this section as to the amount that 
                        has been used and any person with an allocation 
                        under subsection (a)(2)(B) of this section as to 
                        the percentage of the allocation that has been 
                        used; and
                            (3) may not carry or deliver official mail 
                        the cost of which is in excess of an allocation 
                        under subsection (a)(2) of this section.
            (c) Source of funds for expenses of official mail
                Expenses of official mail of the Senate and the House of 
            Representatives may be paid only from funds specifically 
            appropriated for that purpose and funds so appropriated--
                            (1) may be supplemented by other 
                        appropriated funds only if such supplementation 
                        is provided for by law or by regulation under 
                        subsection (a) of this section; and
                            (2) may not be supplemented by funds from 
                        any other source, public or private.
            (d) Maintenance or use of unofficial office accounts or 
                defrayal of official expenses from certain funds 
                prohibited
                No Senator or Member of the House of Representatives may 
            maintain or use, directly or indirectly, an unofficial 
            office account or defray official expenses from--
                            (1) funds received from a political 
                        committee or derived from a contribution or 
                        expenditure (as such terms are defined in 
                        section 431 of this title);
                            (2) funds received as reimbursement for 
                        expenses incurred by the Senator or Member in 
                        connection with personal services provided by 
                        the Senator or Member to the person making the 
                        reimbursement; or
                            (3) any other funds that are not 
                        specifically appropriated for official expenses.
            (e) Official Mail Allowance in House of Representatives
                (1) The use of funds of the House of Representatives 
            which are made available for official mail of Members, 
            officers, and employees of the House of Representatives who 
            are persons entitled to use the congressional frank shall be 
            governed by regulations promulgated--
                            (A) by the Committee on House Oversight of 
                        the House of Representatives, with respect to 
                        allocation and expenditures relating to official 
                        mail (except as provided in subparagraph (B)); 
                        and
                            (B) by the House Commission on Congressional 
                        Mailing Standards, with respect to matters under 
                        section 3210(a)(6)(D) of title 39.
                (2) Funds used for official mail--
                            (A) with respect to a Member of the House of 
                        Representatives, shall be available, in a 
                        session of Congress, in a total amount, as 
                        determined under paragraph (1)(A), of not more 
                        than the product of (i) 3 times the single-piece 
                        rate applicable to first class mail, and (ii) 
                        the number (as determined by the Postmaster 
                        General) of addresses (other than business 
                        possible delivery stops) in the congressional 
                        district, as such addresses are described in 
                        section 3210(d)(7)(B) of title 39;
                            (B) with respect to any other person 
                        entitled to use the congressional frank in the 
                        House of Representatives (including any Member 
                        of the House of Representatives who receives an 
                        allocation under subsection (a)(2) of this 
                        seciton with respect to duties as an elected 
                        officer of, or holder of another position in, 
                        the House of Representatives), shall be 
                        available, in a session of Congress, in a total 
                        amount determined under paragraph (1)(A); and
            (f) Mass mailing, submission of samples or description of 
                proposed mail matter, advisory opinion
                A Member of the House of Representatives shall, before 
            making any mass mailing, submit a sample or description of 
            the mail matter involved to the House Commission on 
            Congressional Mailing Standards for an advisory opinion as 
            to whether such proposed mailing is in compliance with 
            applicable provisions of law, rule, or regulation.
            (g) ``Member of the House of Representatives'' and ``person 
                entitled to use the congressional frank'' defined
                As used in subsections (a) through (f) of this section--
                            (1) the term ``Member of the House of 
                        Representatives'' means a Representative in, or 
                        a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the 
                        Congress; and
                            (2) the term ``person entitled to use the 
                        congressional frank'' means a Senator, Member of 
                        the House of Representatives, or other person 
                        authorized to use the frank under section 
                        3210(b) of title 39.
            (h) Omitted.
            (i) Effective date
                This section and the amendments made by this section 
            shall apply with respect to sessions of Congress beginning 
            with the first session of the One Hundred Second Congress, 
            except that, with respect to the Senate, subsection (d) of 
            this section shall apply beginning on May 1, 1992, and the 
            funds referred to in paragraph (3) of such subsection shall 
            not include personal funds of a Senator or member of the 
            House of Representatives.

            (Pub. L. 101-520, Title III, Sec. 311, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 
            Stat. 2278; Pub. L. 102-229, Title II, Sec. 211, Dec. 12, 
            1991, 105 Stat. 1718; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
            Sec. 203(22), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1728; Pub. L. 105-
            275, Title I, Sec. 104, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2439; Pub. 
            L. 106-19, Sec. 1(a), Apr. 8, 1999, 113 Stat. 29; Pub. L. 
            106-57, Title I, Sec. 102, 103(a)(1)-(3), (4)(B), Sept. 29, 
            1999, 113 Stat. 415.)

      248.7  Sec. 59f. Mass mailings by Senate offices; quarterly 
                statements; publication of summary tabulations.
                Two weeks after the close of each calendar quarter, or 
            as soon as practicable thereafter, the Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper of the Senate shall send to each Senate office a 
            statement of the cost of postage and paper and of the other 
            operating expenses incurred as a result of mass mailings 
            processed for such Senate office during such quarter. The 
            statement shall separately identify the cost of postage and 
            paper and other costs, and shall distinguish the costs 
            attributable to newsletters and all other mass mailings. The 
            statement shall also include the total cost per capita in 
            the State. A compilation of all such statements shall be 
            sent to the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration. A 
            summary tabulation of such information shall be published 
            quarterly in the Congressional Record and included in the 
            semiannual report of the Secretary of the Senate. Such 
            summary tabulation shall set forth for each Senate office 
            the following information: the Senate office's name, the 
            total number of pieces of mass mail mailed during the 
            quarter, the total cost of such mail, and, in the case of 
            Senators, the cost of such mail divided by the total 
            population of the State from which the Senator was elected, 
            and the total number of pieces of mass mail divided by the 
            total population of the State from which the Senator was 
            elected, and in the case of each Senator, the allocation 
            made to such Senator from the appropriation for official 
            mail expenses. (Pub. L. 101-520, Title III, Sec. 318, Nov. 
            5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2283; July 22, 1994, Pub. L. 103-283, 
            Sec. 3(b), 108 Stat. 1427.)
      248.8  Sec. 59g. Mass mailing of information under frank; quarterly 
                registration of Senators with Secretary of Senate.
                In fiscal year 1991 and thereafter, when a Senator 
            disseminates information under the frank by a mass mailing 
            (as defined in section 3210(a)(6)(E) of title 39), the 
            Senator shall register quarterly with the Secretary of the 
            Senate such mass mailings. Such registration shall be made 
            by filing with the Secretary a copy of the matter mailed and 
            providing, on a form supplied by the Secretary, a 
            description of the group or groups of persons to whom the 
            mass mailing was mailed and the number of pieces mailed. 
            (Pub. L. 101-520, Title III, Sec. 320, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 
            Stat. 2285.)
            
             Chapter 4.--OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES OF SENATE AND HOUSE OF 
                                  REPRESENTATIVES

        249  Sec. 60-1. Authority of officers of the Congress over 
                Congressional employees.
            (a) Qualifications determinations; removal and discipline.
                Each officer of the Congress having responsibility for 
            the supervision of employees, including employees appointed 
            upon recommendation of Members of Congress, shall have 
            authority--
                            (1) to determine, before the appointment of 
                        any individual as an employee under the 
                        supervision of that officer of the Congress, 
                        whether that individual possesses the 
                        qualifications necessary for the satisfactory 
                        performance of the duties and responsibilities 
                        to be assigned to him; and
                            (2) to remove or otherwise discipline any 
                        employee under his supervision.
            (b) ``Officer of the Congress'' defined.
                As used in this section, the term ``officer of the 
            Congress'' means--
                            (1) an elected officer of the Senate or 
                        House of Representatives who is not a Member of 
                        the Senate or House; and
                            (2) the Architect of the Capitol. (Oct. 26, 
                        1970, Pub. L. 91-510, Sec. 431, 84 Stat. 1190.)
      249.1  Sec. 60-2. Amendment to Senate conflict of interest rule.\1\
                \1\ See Standing Rule XXXVII.
                (a) Except as provided by subsection (b) of this 
            section, any employee of the Senate who is required to file 
            a report pursuant to Senate rules shall refrain from 
            participating personally and substantially as an employee of 
            the Senate in any contact with any agency of the executive 
            or judicial branch of Government with respect to non-
            legislative matters affecting any non-governmental person in 
            which the employee has a significant financial interest.
                (b) Subsection (a) of this section shall not apply if an 
            employee first advises his supervisor of his significant 
            financial interest and obtains from such supervisor a 
            written waiver stating that the participation of the 
            employee is necessary. A copy of each such waiver shall be 
            filed with the Select Committee. (Pub. L. 101-194, Title IX, 
            Sec. 903, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1781.)
      249.5  Sec. 60a-1. Senate pay adjustments; action by President pro 
                tempore of Senate.
                (a) Each time the President adjusts the rates of pay of 
            employees under section 5303 of title 5 the President pro 
            tempore of the Senate shall, as he considers appropriate--
                            (1)(A) adjust the rate of personnel whose 
                        pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate, 
                        and any minimum or maximum rate applicable to 
                        any such personnel; or
                            (B) in the case of such personnel whose 
                        rates of pay are fixed by or pursuant to law at 
                        specific rates, adjust such rates (including the 
                        adjustment of such specific rates to maximum pay 
                        rates) and, in the case of all other personnel 
                        whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the 
                        Senate, adjust only the minimum or maximum rates 
                        applicable to such other personnel; and
                            (2) adjust any limitation or allowance 
                        applicable to such personnel;

            by percentages which are equal or equivalent, insofar as 
            practicable and with such exceptions as may be necessary to 
            provide for appropriate pay relationships between positions, 
            to the percentages of the adjustments made by the President 
            under such section 5303 for corresponding rates of pay for 
            employees subject to the General Schedule contained in 
            section 5332 of such title and adjust the rates of such 
            personnel by such amounts as necessary to restore the same 
            pay relationships that existed on December 31, 1986, between 
            personnel and Senators and between positions. Such rates, 
            limitations, and allowances adjusted by the President pro 
            tempore shall become effective on the first day of the month 
            in which any adjustment becomes effective under such section 
            5303 or section 3(c) of this Act.

                (b) The adjustments made by the President pro tempore 
            shall be made in such manner as he considers advisable and 
            shall have the force and effect of law.
                (c) Nothing in this section shall impair any authority 
            pursuant to which rates of pay may be fixed by 
            administrative action.
                (d) No rate of pay shall be adjusted under the 
            provisions of this section to an amount in excess of the 
            rate of basic pay for level III of the Executive Schedule 
            contained in section 5314 of title 5, except in cases in 
            which it is necessary to restore and maintain the same pay 
            relationships that existed on December 31, 1986, between 
            personnel and Senators and between positions.
                (e) For purposes of this section, the term ``personnel'' 
            does not include any Senator. (Pub. L. 91-656, Sec. 4, Jan. 
            8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1952, amended Pub. L. 92-298, Sec. 3(a), 
            May 17, 1972, 86 Stat. 146; Pub. L. 92-392, Sec. 14(a), Aug. 
            19, 1972, 86 Stat. 575; Pub. L. 94-82; Title II, 
            Sec. 204(d), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 422; Pub. L. 100-202, 
            Sec. 101(i) [Title III, Sec. 311(a), (b)], Dec. 22, 1987, 
            101 Stat. 1329-310; Pub. L. 101-509, Title I, 
            Sec. 101(b)(4)(E), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1440.)
      249.6  Sec. 60a-1a. Rates of compensation paid by Secretary of 
                Senate; applicability of Senate pay adjustments by 
                President pro tempore of Senate.
                No provision of this Act or of any Act enacted after 
            October 1, 1976, which specifies a rate of compensation 
            (including a maximum rate) for any position or employee 
            whose compensation is disbursed by the Secretary of the 
            Senate shall, unless otherwise specifically provided 
            therein, be construed to affect the applicability of section 
            60a-1 of this title to such rate. (Pub. L. 94-440, Title I, 
            Sec. 107, Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 1444.)
      249.7  Sec. 60a-1b. Senate pay adjustments; action by President pro 
                tempore of Senate.
                (a) Whenever, after November 5, 1990, there is an 
            adjustment in rates of pay for Senators (other than an 
            adjustment which occurs by virtue of an adjustment under 
            section 5303 of title 5 in rates of pay under the General 
            Schedule), the President pro tempore of the Senate may, 
            notwithstanding any other provision of law, rule, or 
            regulation, adjust the rate of pay (and any minimum or 
            maximum rate, limitation, or allowance) applicable to 
            personnel whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the 
            Senate to the extent necessary to maintain the same pay 
            relationships that existed on December 31, 1986, between 
            personnel and Senators and between positions.
                (b) Adjustments made by the President pro tempore under 
            this section shall be made in such manner as he considers 
            advisable and shall have the force and effect of law. (Pub. 
            L. 101-520, Title III, Sec. 315, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 
            2283; Pub. L. 102-90, Title III, Sec. 308, Aug. 14, 1991, 
            105 Stat. 466.)
        250  Sec. 60c-1. Vice President, Senators, officers, and 
                employees paid by Secretary of Senate; payment of 
                salary; advance payment.
                The compensation of the Vice President, Senators, and 
            officers and employees, whose compensation is disbursed by 
            the Secretary of the Senate, shall be payable on the fifth 
            day of the month following the month in which such 
            compensation accrued, except that--
                            (1) [Repealed]
                            (2) when such fifth or twentieth day falls 
                        on Saturday, Sunday, or on a legal holiday 
                        (including any holiday on which the banks of the 
                        District of Columbia are closed pursuant to 
                        law), such compensation shall be payable on the 
                        next preceding workday; and
                            (3) any part of such compensation accrued 
                        for any month may, in the discretion of the 
                        Secretary of the Senate, be paid prior to the 
                        day specified in the preceding provisions of 
                        this section.
                For purposes of the title 26 and for accounting and 
            reporting purposes, disbursements made in accordance with 
            this section on the fifth day of a month, or on the next 
            preceding workday if such fifth day falls on Saturday, 
            Sunday, or a legal holiday, shall be considered to have been 
            made on the last day of the preceding month. (Apr. 20, 1960, 
            P.L. 86-426, Sec. 1, 74 Stat. 53; Oct. 11, 1971, Pub. L. 92-
            136, Sec. 6, 85 Stat. 378; July 25, 1979, Pub. L. 96-38, 
            Sec. 108(a), 93 Stat. 113; Oct. 1, 1981, Pub. L. 97-51, 
            Sec. Sec. 111(a), 112(a), 95 Stat. 962; Sept. 10, 1982, Pub. 
            L. 97-257, Title I, Ch. X, Sec. 105(a), 96 Stat. 849; Pub. 
            L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)
            Sec. 60c-2. Salary deposit in financial organizations. 
                Repealed. Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 
                Stat. 1068.
            Note
                The Secretary of the Senate is authorized and directed, 
            if requested by an individual whose compensation is 
            disbursed by the Secretary, to pay the compensation by 
            sending a check to a financial organization designated by 
            the individual. See Sec. 3332 of Title 31, Money and 
            Finance, Senate Manual Sec. 489. 1.
      250.7  Sec. 60c-2a. Banking and financial transactions of Secretary 
                of the Senate.
            (a) Reimbursement of banks for costs of clearing items for 
                Senate
                The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to reimburse 
            any bank which clears items for the United States Senate for 
            the costs incurred therein. Such reimbursements shall be 
            made from the contingent fund of the Senate.
            (b) Check cashing regulations for Disbursing Office of 
                Senate
                The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to prescribe 
            such regulations as he deems necessary to govern the cashing 
            of personal checks by the Disbursing Office of the Senate.
            (c) Amounts withheld from disbursements for employee 
                indebtedness
                Whenever an employee whose compensation is disbursed by 
            the Secretary of the Senate becomes indebted to the Senate 
            and such employee fails to pay such indebtedness, the 
            Secretary of the Senate is authorized to withhold the amount 
            of the indebtedness from any amount which is disbursed by 
            him and which is due to, or on behalf of, such employee. 
            Whenever an amount is withheld under this section, the 
            appropriate account shall be credited in an amount equal to 
            the amount so withheld. (Pub. L. 94-440, Title I, Sec. 104, 
            Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 1443.)
        251  Sec. 60c-3. Withholding and remittance of State income tax 
                by Secretary of Senate.
            (a) Agreement by Secretary with appropriate State official; 
                covered individuals
                Whenever--
                            (1) the law of any State provides for the 
                        collection of an income tax by imposing upon 
                        employers generally the duty of withholding sums 
                        from the compensation of employees and remitting 
                        such sums to the authorities of such State; and
                            (2) such duty to withhold is imposed 
                        generally with respect to the compensation of 
                        employees who are residents of such State;

            then the Secretary of the Senate is authorized, in 
            accordance with the provisions of this section, to enter 
            into an agreement with the appropriate official of that 
            State to provide for the withholding and remittance of sums 
            for individuals--

                            (A) whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary; 
                        and
                            (B) who request the Secretary to make such 
                        withholdings for remittance to that State.
            (b) Number of remittances authorized
                Any agreement entered into under subsection (a) of this 
            section shall not require the Secretary to remit such sums 
            more often than once each calendar quarter.
            (c) Requests by individuals of Secretary for withholding and 
                remittance; amount of withholding; number and effective 
                date of requests; change of designated State; revocation 
                of request; rules and regulations
                (1) An individual whose pay is disbursed by the 
            Secretary may request the Secretary to withhold sums from 
            his pay for remittance to the appropriate authorities of the 
            State that he designates. Amounts of withholdings shall be 
            made in accordance with those provisions of the law of that 
            State which apply generally to withholding by employers.
                (2) An individual may have in effect at any time only 
            one request for withholdings, and he may not have more than 
            two such requests in effect with respect to different States 
            during any one calendar year.

            The request for withholdings is effective on the first day 
            of the first month commencing after the day on which the 
            request is received in the Disbursing Office of the Senate, 
            except that--

                            (A) when the Secretary first enters into an 
                        agreement with a State, a request for 
                        withholdings shall be effective on such date as 
                        the Secretary may determine; and
                            (B) when an individual first receives an 
                        appointment, the request shall be effective on 
                        the day of appointment, if the individual makes 
                        the request at the time of appointment.
                (3) An individual may change the State designated by him 
            for the purposes of having withholdings made and request 
            that the withholdings be remitted in accordance with such 
            change, and he may also revoke his request for withholdings. 
            Any change in the State designated or revocation is 
            effective on the first day of the first month commencing 
            after the day on which the request for change or the 
            revocation is received in the Disbursing Office.
                (4) The Secretary is authorized to issue rules and 
            regulations he considers appropriate in carrying out this 
            subsection.
            (d) Time or times of agreements by Secretary
                The Secretary may enter into agreements under subsection 
            (a) of this section at such time or times as he considers 
            appropriate.
            (e) Provisions as not imposing duty, burden, requirement or 
                penalty upon the United States, Senate, or any officer 
                or employee of the United States; effect of filing 
                paper, form, or document with Secretary
                This section imposes no duty, burden, or requirement 
            upon the United States, the Senate, or any officer or 
            employee of the United States, except as specifically 
            provided in this section. Nothing in this section shall be 
            deemed to consent to the application of any provision of law 
            which has the effect of subjecting the United States, the 
            Senate, or any officer or employee of the United States to 
            any penalty or liability by reason of the provisions of this 
            section. Any paper, form, or document filed with the 
            Secretary under this section is a paper of the Senate within 
            the provisions of rule XI \1\ of the Standing Rules of the 
            Senate.
                \1\ Changed from ``rule XXX'' as a result of the 
                adoption of S. Res. 274, Nov. 14, 1979, and S. Res. 389, 
                Mar. 25, 1980, 96th Cong.
            (f) Definitions
                For the purposes of this section, ``State'' means any of 
            the States of the United States and the District of 
            Columbia. (Aug. 13, 1974, Pub. L. 93-371, Sec. 2, 88 Stat. 
            427.)
      251.1  Sec. 60c-4. Withholding of charitable contributions from 
                salaries paid by the Secretary of the Senate and from 
                employees of the Architect of the Capitol.
            (a) Definitions
                For purposes of this section, the term--
                            (1) ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of the 
                        Senate; and
                            (2) ``Architect'' means the Architect of the 
                        Capitol.
            (b) Notice; deduction and transmission
                (1) The Secretary and the Architect shall notify 
            individuals whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary or who 
            are employees of the Architect, including employees of the 
            Botanic Garden or the Senate Restaurants of the opportunity 
            to have amounts withheld from their pay pursuant to this 
            section for contribution to national voluntary health and 
            welfare agencies designated by the Director of the Office of 
            Personnel Management pursuant to Executive Order 12353, 
            dated March 23, 1982.
                (2) Upon request by such an individual specifying the 
            amount to be withheld and one Combined Federal Campaign 
            Center in the Washington metropolitan area to receive such 
            amount, the Secretary, the Architect, or any other officer 
            who disburses the pay of such individual, as the case may be 
            shall--
                            (A) withhold such amount from the pay of 
                        such individual; and
                            (B) transmit (not less than once each 
                        calendar quarter) the amount so withheld to the 
                        Combined Federal Campaign Center as specified in 
                        such request.
            (c) Time of withholding and transmission
                The Secretary and the Architect shall, to the extent 
            practicable, carry out subsection (b) of this section at or 
            about the time of the Combined Federal Campaign and other 
            fundraising in the executive branch of the Federal 
            Government conducted pursuant to Executive Order 10927, 
            dated March 18, 1961, and at such other time as each such 
            officer deems appropriate.
            (d) Amount
                (1) No amount shall be withheld under subsection (b) of 
            this section from the pay of any individual for any pay 
            period if the amount of such pay for such period is less 
            than the sum of--
                            (A) the amount specified to be withheld from 
                        such pay under subsection (b) of this section 
                        for such period; plus
                            (B) the amount of all other withholdings 
                        from such pay for such period.
                (2) No amount may be specified by an individual to be 
            withheld for any pay period under subsection (b) of this 
            section which is less than--
                            (A) 50 cents, if the pay period of such 
                        individual is biweekly or semimonthly; or
                            (B) $1, if the pay period of such individual 
                        is monthly.
            (e) Provisions as not imposing duty, burden, requirement or 
                penalty upon the United States, Senate, or any officer 
                or employee of the United States; effect of filing paper
                This section imposes no duty, burden, or requirement 
            upon the United States, the Senate, or any officer or 
            employee of the United States, except as specifically 
            provided in this section. Nothing in this section shall be 
            deemed to consent to the application of any provision of law 
            which has the effect of subjecting the United States, the 
            Senate, or any officer or employee of the United States to 
            any penalty or liability by reason of the provisions of this 
            section. Any paper, form, document, or any other item filed 
            with the Secretary under this section is a paper of the 
            Senate within the provisions of rule XI \1\ of the Standing 
            Rules of the Senate.
                \1\ See footnote to Sec. 251(e).
            (f) Rules and regulations
                The Secretary and the Architect are authorized to issue 
            rules and regulations they consider appropriate in carrying 
            out their duties under this section. (Oct. 17, 1978, Pub. L. 
            95-470, 92 Stat. 1323.)
   251.1-1  Sec. 60j. Longevity compensation.
            (a) Eligible employees
                This section shall apply to--
                            (1) each employee of the Senate whose 
                        compensation is paid from the appropriation for 
                        Salaries, Officers and Employees under the 
                        following headings:

                                (A) Office of the Secretary, including 
                            individuals employed under authority of 
                            section 74b of this title;

                                (B) Office of the Sergeant at Arms and 
                            Doorkeeper, except employees designated as 
                            ``special employees''; and

                                (C) Offices of the Secretaries for the 
                            Majority and the Minority;

                            (2) each employee of the Senate authorized 
                        by Senate resolution to be appointed by the 
                        Secretary of the Senate or the Sergeant at Arms 
                        and Doorkeeper, except employees designated as 
                        ``special employees''; and
                            (3) each employee of the Capitol Guide 
                        Service established under section 851 of title 
                        40.
            (b) Rate of compensation; limitation on increases; 
                computation of service; effective date of payment
                (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), an employee to 
            whom this section applies shall be paid, during any period 
            of continuous creditable service, additional annual 
            compensation (hereinafter referred to as ``longevity 
            compensation'') at the rate of $482 for (A) each year of 
            creditable service performed for the first five years and 
            (B) each two years of creditable service performed during 
            the twenty-year period following the first five years.
                (2) The amount of longevity compensation which may be 
            paid to an employee, when added to his regular annual 
            compensation, shall not exceed the maximum annual 
            compensation which may be paid to Senate employees generally 
            as prescribed by law or orders of the President pro tempore 
            issued under authority of section 60a-1 of this title.
                (3) For purposes of this section--
                            (A) creditable service includes (i) service 
                        performed as an employee described in subsection 
                        (a) of this section, (ii) service performed as a 
                        member of the Capitol Police or as an employee 
                        of the United States Capitol Telephone Exchange 
                        while compensation therefor is disbursed by the 
                        Clerk of the House of Representatives, and (iii) 
                        service which is creditable for purposes of this 
                        section as in effect on September 30, 1978;
                            (B) in computing length of continuous 
                        creditable service, only creditable service 
                        performed subsequent to August 31, 1957, shall 
                        be taken into account, except that, in the case 
                        of service as an employee employed under 
                        authority of section 74b of this title, only 
                        creditable service performed subsequent to 
                        January 2, 1971, shall be taken into account; 
                        and
                            (C) continuity of creditable service shall 
                        not be deemed to be broken by separations from 
                        service of not more than thirty days, by the 
                        performance of service as an employee (other 
                        than an employee subject to the provisions of 
                        this section) whose compensation is disbursed by 
                        the Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the 
                        House of Representatives, or by the performance 
                        of active military service in the armed forces 
                        of the United States, but periods of such 
                        separations and service shall not be creditable 
                        service.
                (4) Longevity compensation shall be payable on and after 
            the first day of the first month following completion of 
            each period of creditable service upon which such 
            compensation is based. (Pub. L. 87-730, Sec. 106 (a), (b), 
            (d), Oct. 2, 1962, 76 Stat. 694, 695, amended Pub. L. 88-
            454, Sec. 104(b), Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 550; Pub. L. 90-
            57, Title V, Sec. 105(g), July 28, 1967, 81 Stat. 143; Pub. 
            L. 90-206, Title II, Sec. Sec. 214(n), 225(h), Dec. 16, 
            1967, 81 Stat. 637, 644; Pub. L. 91-656, Sec. 4, Jan. 8, 
            1971, 84 Stat. 1952; Pub. L. 93-371, Sec. 101, Aug. 13, 
            1974, 88 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 95-240, Title II, Sec. 205, Mar. 
            7, 1978, 92 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 95-391, Title I, Sec. 110(a), 
            Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 774; July 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-304, 
            Title I, Sec. 107(b), 94 Stat. 890.)
      251.2  Sec. 60j-1. Capitol Police longevity compensation.
                Any member of the Capitol Police who by reason of the 
            provision repealed by subsection (b) \1\ was receiving 
            immediately prior to the effective date \2\ of this section, 
            longevity compensation provided by section 105 of the 
            Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1959,\3\ shall, on and 
            after such effective date, receive in lieu thereof a 
            longevity increase under section 60j(b) of this title, in 
            addition to any other such increases (not to exceed three) 
            to which he may otherwise be entitled under such section. In 
            computing the length of service of such member for the 
            purpose of such other increases, only service performed 
            subsequent to the date on which he began receiving longevity 
            compensation in accordance with such section 105 shall be 
            counted. (Aug. 20, 1964, Pub. L. 88-454, Sec. 104(c), 78 
            Stat. 550.)
                \1\ Refers to second sentence of section 106(d) of 
                Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1963, repealed by 
                section 104(b) of Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 
                1965.
                \2\ Section became effective September 1, 1964.
                \3\ Section 105 of Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 
                1959, repealed by section 106(d) of Legislative Branch 
                Appropriation Act, 1963.
      251.3  Sec. 60j-2. Longevity compensation for telephone operators 
                on United States telephone exchange and members of 
                Capitol Police paid by Chief Administrative Officer of 
                House.
                The provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of section 60j 
            of this title (as amended by section 110 of Pub. L. 95-391), 
            shall apply to telephone operators (including the chief 
            operator and assistant chief operators) on the United States 
            Capitol telephone exchange and members of the Capitol Police 
            whose compensation is disbursed by the Chief Administrative 
            Officer of the House of Representatives in the same manner 
            and to the same extent as such provisions apply to 
            individuals whose compensation is disbursed by the Secretary 
            of the Senate. For purposes of so applying such subsections, 
            creditable service shall include service performed as an 
            employee of the United States Capitol telephone exchange or 
            a member of the Capitol Police whether compensation therefor 
            is disbursed by the Chief Administrative Officer of the 
            House of Representatives or the Secretary of the Senate. 
            (Pub. L. 95-391, Title III, Sec. 310, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 
            Stat. 790; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(8), Aug. 20, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 1731.)
            Sec. 60j-3. Repealed. (Pub. L. 97-276, Sec. 101(e), Oct. 2, 
                1982, 96 Stat. 1189)

  

      251.5  Sec. 60j-4. Longevity compensation not applicable to 
                individuals paid by Secretary of Senate; savings 
                provision.
                Section 60j of this title on or after October 1, 1983 
            shall not apply to any individual whose pay is disbursed by 
            the Secretary of the Senate; except that, any individual who 
            prior to such date was entitled to longevity compensation 
            under such section on the basis of service performed prior 
            to such date shall continue to be entitled to such 
            compensation, but no individual shall accrue any longevity 
            compensation on the basis of service performed on or after 
            such date. (July 14, 1983, Pub. L. 98-51, Sec. 107, 97 Stat. 
            267.)
        252  Sec. 61. Limit on rate of compensation of officers and 
                employees.
                No officer or employee of the Senate shall receive pay 
            for any services performed by him at any rate higher than 
            that provided for the office or employment to which he has 
            been regularly appointed. (Aug. 5, 1882, ch. 390, Sec. 1, 22 
            Stat. 270.)
      252.1  Sec. 61-1. Gross rate of compensation of employees paid by 
                Secretary of Senate.

  

      252.2  (a) Annual rate; certification
                (1) Whenever the rate of compensation of any employee 
            whose compensation is disbursed by the Secretary of the 
            Senate is fixed or adjusted on or after October 1, 1980, 
            such rate as so fixed or adjusted shall be at a single whole 
            dollar per annum gross rate and may not include a fractional 
            part of a dollar.\1\
                \1\ As modified by the Order of the President pro 
                tempore of the Senate issued on October 5, 1981, 
                effective October 1, 1981, under authority of section 4 
                of the Federal Pay Comparability Act of 1970.
                (2) New or changed rates of compensation (other than 
            changes in rates which are made by law) of any such employee 
            (other than an employee who is an elected officer of the 
            Senate) shall be certified in writing to the Disbursing 
            Office of the Senate (and, for purposes of this paragraph, a 
            new rate of compensation refers to compensation in the case 
            of an appointment, transfer from one Senate appointing 
            authority to another, or promotion by an appointing 
            authority to a position the compensation for which is fixed 
            by law). In the case of an appointment or other new rate of 
            compensation the certification must be received by such 
            office on or before the day the rate of new compensation is 
            to become effective. In any other case, the changed rate of 
            compensation shall take effect on the first day of the month 
            in which such certification is received (if such 
            certification is received within the first ten days of such 
            month), on the first day of the month after the month in 
            which such certification is received (if the day on which 
            such certification is received is after the twenty-fifth day 
            of the month in which it is received), and on the sixteenth 
            day of the month in which such certification is received (if 
            such certification is received after the tenth day and 
            before the twenty-sixth day of such month). Notwithstanding 
            the preceding sentence, if the certification for a changed 
            rate of compensation for an employee specifies an effective 
            date of such change, such change shall become effective on 
            the date so specified, but only if the date so specified is 
            the first or sixteenth day of a month and is after the 
            effective date prescribed in the preceding sentence; and, 
            notwithstanding such sentence and the preceding provisions 
            of this sentence, any changed rate of compensation for a new 
            employee or an employee transferred from one appointing 
            authority to another shall take effect on the date of such 
            employee's appointment or transfer (as the case may be) if 
            such date is later than the effective date for such changed 
            rate of compensation as prescribed by such sentence. (Pub. 
            L. 98-181, Sec. 1203.)
      252.3  (b) Conversion increase in computation
                Note.--This subsection has been executed.
      252.4  (c) Reference in other provisions to basic rates and 
                additional compensation
                In any case in which the rate of compensation of any 
            employee or position, or class of employees or positions, 
            the compensation for which is disbursed by the Secretary of 
            the Senate, or any maximum or minimum rate with respect to 
            any such employee, position, or class, is referred to in or 
            provided by statute or Senate resolution, and the rate so 
            referred to or provided is a basic rate with respect to 
            which additional compensation is provided by law, such 
            statutory provision or resolution shall be deemed to refer, 
            in lieu of such basic rate, to the per annum gross rate 
            which an employee receiving such basic rate immediately 
            prior to August 1, 1967, would receive (without regard to 
            such statutory provision or resolution) under subsection (b) 
            of this section on and after such date.
      252.5  (d) Compensation of employees in office of Senator
            Note
                This subsection sets forth the maximum and minimum 
            salaries which may be paid to employees in the office of a 
            Senator. These figures are changed annually by Orders of the 
            President pro tempore of the Senate issued under authority 
            of section 4 of the Federal Pay Comparability Act of 1970. 
            For the current figures consult the Senate Disbursing 
            Office.
                Each Member of the Senate is authorized by section 
            111(c) of the Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1978 
            (Pub. Law 95-94, 91 Stat. 662-663, Aug. 5, 1977), to 
            designate employees in his office to assist him in 
            connection with his membership on committees of the Senate. 
            With certain exceptions, an employee so designated is to be 
            accorded all privileges of a professional staff member of 
            the committee to which designated. The text of section 
            111(c) is as follows:
                (c)(1) A Senator may designate employees in his office 
            to assist him in connection with his membership on 
            committees of the Senate. An employee may be designated with 
            respect to only one committee.
                (2) An employee designated by a Senator under this 
            subsection shall be certified by him to the chairman and 
            ranking minority member of the committee with respect to 
            which such designation is made. Such employee shall be 
            accorded all privileges of a professional staff member 
            (whether permanent or investigatory) of such committee 
            including access to all committee sessions and files, except 
            that any such committee may restrict access to its sessions 
            to one staff member per Senator at a time and require, if 
            classified material is being handled or discussed, that any 
            staff member possess the appropriate security clearance 
            before being allowed access to such material or to 
            discussion of it. Nothing contained in this paragraph shall 
            be construed to prohibit a committee from adopting policies 
            and practices with respect to the application of this 
            subsection which are similar to the policies and practices 
            adopted with respect to the application of section 705(c)(1) 
            of Senate Resolution 4, 95th Congress, and section 106(c)(1) 
            of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1977.
                (3) A Senator shall notify the chairman and ranking 
            minority member of a committee whenever a designation of an 
            employee under this subsection with respect to such 
            committee is terminated.
                Sec. 111(a) provides for an amount to be added to each 
            Senator's Official Personnel and Expense Account for 
            compensation of committee-related employees authorized under 
            subsection (c). This amount is subject to change annually by 
            Orders of the President pro tempore of the Senate issued 
            under authority of section 4 of the Federal Pay 
            Comparability Act of 1970. For the current figure consult 
            the Senate Disbursing Office.
                Sec. 111(b) repealed, effective the first day of the 
            100th Congress. (Oct. 21, 1987, Sec. 3, Pub. L. 100-137, 101 
            Stat. 819.)
      252.6  (e) Compensation of committee staff members
            Note
                This subsection sets forth the maximum salaries which 
            may be paid to committee employees. These figures are 
            changed annually by Orders of the President pro tempore of 
            the Senate issued under authority of section 4 of the 
            Federal Pay Comparability Act of 1970. For the current 
            figures consult the Senate Disbursing Office.
      252.7  (f) General limitation
            Note
                This subsection sets forth the maximum and minimum 
            salaries which may be paid to Senate employees (other than 
            committee employees, employees in a Senator's office, and 
            employees serving in a position the salary of which is 
            prescribed by law). These figures are changed annually by 
            Orders of the President pro tempore of the Senate issued 
            under authority of section 4 of the Federal Pay 
            Comparability Act of 1970. For the current figures consult 
            the Senate Disbursing Office.
      252.8      (Pub. L. 90-57, Sec. 105 (a)-(f), (j), July 28, 1967, 81 
            Stat. 141-144, amended Pub. L. 90-206, Title II, 
            Sec. 214(j)-(l), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 637; Pub. L. 91-
            145, Sec. 101, Dec. 12, 1969, 83 Stat. 340; Pub. L. 91 510, 
            Title III, Sec. 305, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1181; Pub. L. 
            91-656, Sec. 4, Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1952; Pub. L. 92-184, 
            Ch. IV, Sec. 401, Dec. 15, 1971, 85 Stat. 633; Pub. L. 92-
            607, Ch. V, Sec. 505, Oct. 31, 1972, 86 Stat. 1505; Pub. L. 
            93-145, Sec. 101, Nov. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 532; Pub. L. 93-
            245, Ch. VI, Sec. 601, Jan. 3, 1974, 87 Stat. 1078; Pub. L. 
            93-255, Sec. 1, Mar. 27, 1974, 88 Stat. 52; Pub. L. 93-371, 
            Sec. 101(6), Aug. 13, 1974, 88 Stat. 430; Pub. L. 94-59, 
            Title I, Sec. 102, July 25, 1975, 89 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 94-
            440, Title I, Sec. 101(a), Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 1443; Pub. 
            L. 95-94, Title I, Sec. 111(d), Aug. 5, 1977, 91 Stat. 63; 
            Pub. L. 98-181, Title I, Sec. 1203(a), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 
            Stat. 1289; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(9), Aug. 20, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 1731; modified by Orders of the President 
            pro tempore of the Senate issued under authority of section 
            4 of the Federal Pay Comparability Act of 1970; July 8, 
            1980, Pub. L. 96-304, Title I, Sec. 107(a), 94 Stat. 890.)
      252.9  Sec. 61-1a. Availability of appropriated funds for payment 
                to an individual of pay from more than one position; 
                conditions.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, appropriated 
            funds are available for payment to an individual of pay from 
            more than one position, each of which is either in the 
            office of a Senator and the pay of which is disbursed by the 
            Secretary of the Senate or is in another office and the pay 
            of which is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate out of 
            an appropriation under the heading ``Salaries, Officers and 
            Employees'', if the aggregate gross pay from those positions 
            does not exceed the maximum rate specified in section 61-
            1(d)(2) of this title. (Pub. L. 95-94, Title I, Sec. 114, 
            Aug. 5, 1977, 91 Stat. 665; Pub. L. 95-240, Title II, 
            Sec. 207, Mar, 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 100-202, 
            Sec. 9, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329-295.)
    252.10  Sec. 61-1b. Availability of appropriations during first 
                three months of any fiscal year for aggregate of 
                payments of gross compensation made to employees from 
                Senate appropriation account for ``Salaries, Officers 
                and Employees''.
                At no time during the first three months of any fiscal 
            year (commencing with the fiscal year which begins October 
            1, 1984) shall the aggregate of payments of gross 
            compensation made to employees out of any line item 
            appropriation within the Senate appropriation account for 
            ``Salaries, Officers and Employees'' (other than the line 
            item appropriations, within such account for 
            ``Administrative, clerical, and legislative assistance to 
            Senators'' and for ``Agency contributions'') exceed twenty-
            five per centum of the total amount available for such line 
            item appropriations for such fiscal year. (July 17, 1984, 
            P.L. 98-367, Title I, Sec. 4, 98 Stat. 475.)
    252.11  Sec. 61-1c. Aggregate gross compensation of employee of 
                Senator of State with population under 5,000,000.
                (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 61-1(d)(1) 
            of this title, and except as otherwise provided in 
            subparagraph (C) of section 61-1(d)(1) of this title, the 
            aggregate of gross compensation paid employees in the office 
            of a Senator shall not exceed during each fiscal year 
            $1,012,083 if the population of his State is less than 
            5,000,000.
                (b) Subsection (a) of this section shall take effect 
            October 1, 1991. (Aug. 14, 1991, Pub. L. 102-90, Title I, 
            Sec. 5, 105 Stat. 450.)
        253  Sec. 61a. Compensation of Secretary of the Senate.
            Note
                Pursuant to Orders of the President pro tempore of the 
            Senate issued under authority of section 4 of the Federal 
            Pay Comparability Act of 1970, the Annual rate of 
            compensation of the Secretary of the Senate is the same as 
            level III of the Executive Schedule (5 U.S.C. Sec. 5314), 
            but may not be more than $1,000 less than the annual rate of 
            compensation of a Senator.
      254.8  Sec. 61a-9. Advancement by Secretary of the Senate of travel 
                funds to employees under his jurisdiction for Federal 
                Election Campaign Act travel expenses.
                The Secretary of the Senate is hereafter authorized to 
            advance, in his discretion, to any designated employee under 
            his jurisdiction, such sums as may be necessary, not 
            exceeding $1,500, to defray official travel expenses in 
            assisting the Secretary in carrying out his duties under the 
            Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971. Any such employee 
            shall, as soon as practicable, furnish to the Secretary a 
            detailed voucher for such expenses incurred and make 
            settlement with respect to any amount so advanced. (Oct. 31, 
            1972, Pub. L. 92-607, Sec. 504, 86 Stat. 1505.)
      254.9  Sec. 61a-9a. Travel expenses of Secretary of Senate; 
                advancement of travel funds to designated employees.
                For the purpose of carrying out his duties, the 
            Secretary of the Senate is authorized to incur official 
            travel expenses. The Secretary of the Senate is authorized 
            to advance, in his discretion, to any designated employee 
            under his jurisdiction, such sums as may be necessary, not 
            exceeding $1,000, to defray official travel expenses in 
            assisting the Secretary in carrying out his duties. Any such 
            employee shall, as soon as practicable, furnish to the 
            Secretary a detailed voucher for such expenses incurred and 
            make settlement with respect to any amount so advanced. 
            Payments to carry out the provisions of this section shall 
            be made from funds included in the appropriation 
            ``Miscellaneous Items'' under the heading ``Contingent 
            Expenses of the Senate'' upon vouchers approved by the 
            Secretary of the Senate. (July 25, 1975, Pub. L. 94-59, 
            Sec. 101, 89 Stat. 273; Aug. 5, 1977, Pub. L. 95-94, Title 
            I, Sec. 106, 91 Stat. 661; Sept. 8, 1978, Pub. L. 95-355, 
            Title I, Sec. 101, 92 Stat. 533; June 5, 1981, Pub. L. 97-
            12, Sec. 102, 95 Stat. 61; July 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98-367, 
            Sec. 1, 98 Stat. 474.)
        255  Sec. 61a-11. Abolition of statutory positions in the Office 
                of the Secretary of the Senate; Secretary's authority to 
                establish and fix compensation for positions.
                Effective October 1, 1981, all statutory positions in 
            the Office of the Secretary (other than the positions of the 
            Secretary of the Senate, Assistant Secretary of the Senate, 
            Parliamentarian, Financial Clerk, and Director of the Office 
            of Classified National Security Information) are abolished, 
            and in lieu of the positions hereby abolished the Secretary 
            of the Senate is authorized to establish such number of 
            positions as he deems appropriate and appoint and fix the 
            compensation of employees to fill the positions so 
            established; except that the annual rate of compensation 
            payable to any employee appointed to fill any position 
            established by the Secretary of the Senate shall not, for 
            any period of time, be in excess of $1,000 less than the 
            annual rate of compensation of the Secretary of the Senate 
            for that period of time; and except that nothing in this 
            section shall be construed to affect any position authorized 
            by statute, if the compensation for such position is to be 
            paid from the contingent fund of the Senate. (Oct. 1, 1981, 
            Public Law 97-51, Sec. 114, 95 Stat. 963.)
      255.1  Sec. 61b-1. Compensation of Parliamentarian of Senate.
                The Parliamentarian may be paid at a maximum annual rate 
            of compensation not to exceed $39,000. (Aug. 5, 1955, ch. 
            568 Sec. 1, 69 Stat. 499; June 27, 1956, ch. 453, Sec. 101, 
            70 Stat. 356; Aug. 13, 1974, Pub. L. 93-371, Sec. 4, 88 
            Stat. 429; July 25, 1975, Pub. L. 94-59, Title I, Sec. 105, 
            89 Stat. 275.)
      255.3  Sec. 61c-1. Adjustment of rate of compensation by Secretary 
                of the Senate.
                Any specific rate of compensation established by law, as 
            such rate has been increased or may hereafter be increased 
            by or pursuant to law, for any position under the 
            jurisdiction of the Secretary shall be considered as the 
            maximum rate of compensation for that position, and the 
            Secretary is authorized to adjust the rate of compensation 
            of an individual occupying any such position to a rate not 
            exceeding such maximum rate. (Aug. 18, 1970, Pub. L. 91-382, 
            Sec. 101, 84 Stat. 808.)
        256  Sec. 61d. Compensation of the Chaplain of the Senate.
                Effective with respect to pay periods beginning on or 
            after December 22, 1987, the Chaplain of the Senate shall be 
            compensated at a rate equal to the annual rate of basic pay 
            for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of 
            title 5. (Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 2(a), 101 
            Stat. 1329-294.)
      256.1  Sec. 61d-1. Compensation of employees of the Chaplain of the 
                Senate.
                The Chaplain of the Senate may appoint and fix the 
            compensation of such employees as he deems appropriate, 
            except that the amount which may be paid for any fiscal year 
            as gross compensation for personnel in such Office for any 
            fiscal year shall not exceed $147,000. (Pub. L. 91-145, Dec. 
            12, 1969, 83 Stat. 340; Pub. L. 93-371, Sec. 101, Aug. 13, 
            1974, 88 Stat. 424; Pub. L. 96-38, Title I, Sec. 103, July 
            25, 1979, 93 Stat. 112; Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 101(i) [Title 
            I, Sec. 2(b)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329-294; Pub. L. 
            101-163, Title I, Sec. 10, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1046.)
      256.5  Sec. 61d-2. Postage allowance for Chaplain of the Senate.
                The Secretary of the Senate is authorized and directed 
            to procure and furnish each fiscal year (commencing with the 
            fiscal year ending September 30, 1982) to the Chaplain of 
            the Senate, upon the request of the Chaplain of the Senate, 
            United States postage stamps in such amounts as may be 
            necessary for the mailing of postal matters arising in 
            connection with his official business. (June 1, 1976, Pub. 
            L. 94-303, Title I, Sec. 114, 90 Stat. 614; Oct. 1, 1981, 
            Pub. L. 97-51, Sec. 127, 95 Stat. 966.)
      256.6  Sec. 61d-3. Office of the Chaplain Expense Revolving Fund.
                (a) There is established in the Treasury of the United 
            States within the contingent fund of the senate a revolving 
            fund, to be known as the ``Office of the Chaplain Expense 
            Revolving Fund'' (hereafter referred to as the ``fund''). 
            The fund shall consist of all moneys collected or received 
            with respect to the Office of the Chaplain of the Senate.
                (b) The fund shall be available without fiscal year 
            limitation for disbursement by the Secretary of the Senate, 
            not to exceed $35,000 in any fiscal year, for the payment of 
            official expenses incurred by the Chaplain of the Senate. In 
            addition, moneys in the fund may be used to purchase food or 
            food related items. The fund shall not be available for the 
            payment of salaries.
                (c) All moneys (including donated moneys) received or 
            collected with respect to the Office of the Chaplain of the 
            Senate shall be deposited in the fund and shall be available 
            for purposes of this section.
                (d) Disbursements from the fund shall be made on 
            vouchers approved by the Chaplain of the Senate. (Nov. 19, 
            1995, Pub. L. 104-53, Title I, Sec. 2, 109 Stat. 517; Oct. 
            21, 1998, Pub. L. 105-275, Title I, Sec. 2(a), 112 Stat. 
            2433.)
        257  Sec. 61e. Compensation of Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of 
                the Senate.
            Note
                Pursuant to Orders of the President pro tempore of the 
            Senate issued under authority of section 4 of the Federal 
            Pay Comparability Act of 1970, the annual rate of 
            compensation of the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate is the same as level III of the Executive Schedule (5 
            U.S.C. Sec. 5314), but may not be more than $1,000 less than 
            the annual rate of compensation of a Senator.
      257.5  Sec. 61e-3. Deputy Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper to act on 
                death, resignation, disability, or absence of Sergeant 
                at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate.
                In the event of the death, resignation, or disability of 
            the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate, the 
            Deputy Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper shall act as Sergeant 
            at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate in carrying out the 
            duties and responsibilities of that office in all matters 
            until such time as a new Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of 
            the Senate shall have been elected and qualified or such 
            disability shall have been ended. For purposes of this 
            section, the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate 
            shall be considered as disabled only during such period of 
            time as the Majority and Minority Leaders and the President 
            pro tempore of the Senate certify jointly to the Senate that 
            the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate is unable 
            to perform his duties. In the event that the Sergeant at 
            Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate is absent, the Deputy 
            Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper shall act during such 
            absence as the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate 
            in carrying out the duties and responsibilities of the 
            office in all matters. (Oct. 1, 1981, Pub. L. 97-51, 
            Sec. 128, 95 Stat. 966.)
      257.6  Sec. 61e-4. Designation by Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper 
                of Senate of persons to approve vouchers for payment of 
                moneys.
                The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate 
            (hereinafter in this section referred to as the ``Sergeant 
            at Arms'') may designate one or more employees in the Office 
            of the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate to 
            approve, on his behalf, all vouchers, for payment of moneys, 
            which the Sergeant at Arms is authorized to approve. 
            Whenever the Sergeant at Arms makes a designation under the 
            authority of the preceding sentence, he shall immediately 
            notify the Committee on Rules and Administration in writing 
            of the designation, and thereafter any approval of any 
            voucher, for payment of moneys, by an employee so designated 
            shall (until such designation is revoked and the Sergeant at 
            Arms notifies the Committee on Rules and Administration in 
            writing of the revocation) be deemed and held to be approved 
            by the Sergeant at Arms for all intents and purposes. (Pub. 
            L. 98-181, Title I, Sec. 1201, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 
            1289.)
        258  Sec. 61f-1a. Travel expenses of Sergeant at Arms and 
                Doorkeeper of the Senate.
                For the purpose of carrying out his duties, the Sergeant 
            at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate is authorized to incur 
            official travel expenses during each fiscal year not to 
            exceed the sums made available for such purpose under 
            appropriations Acts. With the approval of the Sergeant at 
            Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate and in accordance with 
            such regulations as may be promulgated by the Senate 
            Committee on Rules and Administration, the Secretary of the 
            Senate is authorized to advance to the Sergeant at Arms or 
            to any designated employee under the jurisdiction of the 
            Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper, such sums as may be 
            necessary to defray official travel expenses incurred in 
            carrying out the duties of the Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper. The receipt of any such sum so advanced to the 
            Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper or to any designated 
            employee shall be taken and passed by the accounting 
            officers of the Government as a full and sufficient voucher, 
            but it shall be the duty of the traveler, as soon as 
            practicable, to furnish to the Secretary of the Senate a 
            detailed voucher of the expenses incurred for the travel 
            with respect to which the sum was so advanced, and make 
            settlement with respect to such sum. Payments under this 
            section shall be made from funds included in the 
            appropriations account, within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate, for the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate, upon vouchers approved by the Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper. (June 1, 1976, Pub. L. 94-303, Title I, 
            Sec. 117, 90 Stat. 615; Sept. 30, 1978, Pub. L. 95-391, 
            Title I, Sec. 106, 92 Stat. 772; Oct. 12, 1979, Pub. L. 96-
            86; Sec. 111(c), 93 Stat. 661; June 5, 1981, Pub. L. 97-12, 
            Sec. 108, 95 Stat. 62; Oct. 1, 1988, Pub. L. 100-458, 
            Sec. 6, 102 Stat. 2161, 2162; Pub. L. 100-458, Sec. 6, Oct. 
            1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2161; Pub. L. 101-520, Title I, Sec. 6, 
            Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2258.)
      258.5  Sec. 61f-7. Abolition of statutory positions in the Office 
                of the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate; 
                authority to establish and fix compensations for 
                positions.
                Effective October 1, 1981, all statutory positions in 
            the Office of the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate (other than the positions of the Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper of the Senate, Deputy Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper, and Administrative Assistant) are abolished, and 
            in lieu of the positions hereby abolished the Sergeant at 
            Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate is authorized to establish 
            such number of positions as he deems appropriate and appoint 
            and fix the compensation of employees to fill the positions 
            so established; except that the annual rate of compensation 
            payable to any employee appointed to fill any position 
            established by the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate shall not, for any period of time, be in excess of 
            $1,000 less than the annual rate of compensation of the 
            Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate for that 
            period of time; and except that nothing in this section 
            shall be construed to affect any position authorized by 
            statute, if the compensation for such position is to be paid 
            from the contingent fund of the Senate. (Oct. 1, 1981, Pub. 
            L. 97-51, Sec. 116, 95 Stat. 963.)
        259  Sec. 61f-8. Use by Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
                Senate of individual consultants or organizations, and 
                department and agency personnel.
                For each fiscal year (beginning with the fiscal year 
            which ends September 30, 1982), the Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper of the Senate is hereby authorized to expend from 
            the account for the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate, within the contingent fund of the Senate, an amount 
            not to exceed $300,000 for:
                            (1) the procurement of the services, on a 
                        temporary basis, of individual consultants, or 
                        organizations thereof, with the prior consent of 
                        the Committee on Rules and Administration; such 
                        services may be procured by contract with the 
                        providers acting as independent contractors, or 
                        in the case of individuals, by employment at 
                        daily rates of compensation not in excess of the 
                        per diem equivalent of the highest gross rate of 
                        annual compensation which may be paid to 
                        employees of a standing committee of the Senate; 
                        and any such contract shall not be subject to 
                        the provisions of section 5 of title 41 or any 
                        other provision of law requiring advertising; 
                        and
                            (2) with the prior consent of the Government 
                        department or agency concerned and the Committee 
                        on Rules and Administration, use on a 
                        reimbursable basis (with reimbursement payable 
                        at the end of each calendar quarter for services 
                        rendered during such quarter) of the services of 
                        personnel of any such department or agency.

            Payments made under this section shall be made upon vouchers 
            approved by the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate. (Oct. 1, 1981, Pub. L. 97-51, Sec. 117, 95 Stat. 
            964; Pub. L. 97-257, Title I, Sec. 103, Sept. 10, 1982, 96 
            Stat. 849; Oct. 1, 1988, Pub. L. 100-458, Sec. 7, 102 Stat. 
            2162.)

        260  Sec. 61g-6. Payment of expenses of Conference of the 
                Majority and the Conference of the Minority from 
                contingent fund of Senate.
                For each fiscal year (beginning with the fiscal year 
            which ends September 30, 1982) there is authorized to be 
            expended from the contingent fund of the Senate an amount, 
            not in excess of $75,000, for the Conference of the Majority 
            and an equal amount for the Conference of the Minority. 
            Payments under this section shall be made only for expenses 
            actually incurred by such a Conference in carrying out its 
            functions, and shall be made upon certification and 
            documentation of the expenses involved, by the Chairman of 
            the Conference claiming payment hereunder and upon vouchers 
            approved by such Chairman and by the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration, except that vouchers shall not be required 
            for payment of long-distance telephone calls. (Oct. 1, 1981, 
            Pub. L. 97-51, Sec. 120, 95 Stat. 965; Pub. L. 97-276, Oct. 
            2, 1982, Sec. 101(e), 96 Stat. 1189; Pub. L. 99-151, Title 
            I, Sec. 1, Nov. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 101-163, 
            Title I, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1043; Pub. L. 101-520, 
            Title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2256.)
      260a  Sec. 61g-6a. Salaries and expenses for Senate Majority and 
                Minority Policy Committees and Senate Majority and 
                Minority Conference Committees
                (a)(1) The Chairman of the Majority or Minority Policy 
            Committee of the Senate may, during any fiscal year, at his 
            or her election transfer funds from the appropriation 
            account for salaries for the Majority and Minority Policy 
            Committees of the Senate, to the account, within the 
            contingent fund of the Senate, from which expenses are 
            payable for such committees.
                (2) The Chairman of the Majority or Minority Policy 
            Committee of the Senate may, during any fiscal year, at his 
            or her election transfer funds from the appropriation 
            account for expenses, within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate, for the Majority and Minority Policy Committees of 
            the Senate, to the account from which salaries are payable 
            for such committees.
                (b)(1) The Chairman of the Majority or Minority 
            Conference Committee of the Senate may, during any fiscal 
            year, at his or her election transfer funds from the 
            appropriation account for salaries for the Majority and 
            Minority Conference Committees of the Senate, to the 
            account, within the contingent fund of the Senate, from 
            which expenses are payable for such committees.
                (2) The Chairman of the Majority or Minority Conference 
            Committee of the Senate may, during any fiscal year, at his 
            or her election transfer funds from the appropriation 
            account for expenses, within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate, for the Majority and Minority Conference Committees 
            of the Senate, to the account from which salaries are 
            payable for such committees.
                (c) Any funds transferred under this section shall be--
                            (1) available for expenditure by such 
                        committee in like manner and for the same 
                        purposes as are other moneys which are available 
                        for expenditure by such committee from the 
                        account to which the funds were transferred; and
                            (2) made at such time or times as the 
                        Chairman shall specify in writing to the Senate 
                        Disbursing Office.
                (d) The Chairman of a committee transferring funds under 
            this section shall notify the Committee on Appropriations of 
            the Senate of the transfer. (Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101-520, 
            Title I, Sec. 1, 104 Stat. 2257; Aug. 14, 1991, Pub. L. 102-
            90, Title I, 105 Stat. 450; Nov. 19, 1995, Pub. L. 104-53, 
            Title I, Sec. 7(a), 109 Stat. 518.)
      260.1  Sec. 61g-7. Services of consultants to Majority or Minority 
                Conference Committee of the Senate.
            (a) Authorization of expenditure with approval of Committee 
                on Rules and Administration
                Funds authorized to be expended under section 61g-6 of 
            this title may be used by the Majority or Minority 
            Conference Committee of the Senate, with the approval of the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration, to procure the 
            temporary services (not in excess of one year) or 
            intermittent services of individual consultants, or 
            organizations thereof, to make studies or advise the 
            committee with respect to any matter within its jurisdiction 
            or with respect to the administration of the affairs of the 
            committee.
            (b) Procurement by contractor or employment
                Such services in the case of individuals or 
            organizations may be procured by contract as independent 
            contractors, or in the case of individuals, by employment at 
            daily rates of compensation not in excess of the per diem 
            equivalent of the highest gross rate of compensation which 
            may be paid to a regular employee of such committee. Such 
            contracts shall not be subject to the provisions of section 
            5 of title 41 or any other provision of law requiring 
            advertising.
            (c) Selection of consultant or organization by Conference 
                Committee chairman
                Any such consultant or organization shall be selected 
            for the Majority or Minority Conference Committee of the 
            Senate by the chairman thereof. (Aug. 15, 1985, Pub. L. 99-
            88, Title I, Sec. 195, 99 Stat. 349; Pub. L. 104-197, Title 
            I, Sec. 1, Sept. 1, 1996, 110 Stat. 2396.)
    260.1a  Sec. 61g-8. Utilization of funds for specialized training of 
                professional staff for Majority and Minority Conference 
                Committee of the Senate.
                Funds appropriated to the Conference of the Majority and 
            funds appropriated to the Conference of the Minority for any 
            fiscal year (commencing with the fiscal year ending 
            September 30, 1991), may be utilized in such amounts as the 
            Chairman of each Conference deems appropriate for the 
            specialized training of professional staff, subject to such 
            limitations, insofar as they are applicable, as are imposed 
            by the Committee on Rules and Administration with respect to 
            such training when provided to professional staff of 
            standing committees of the Senate. (Pub. L. 101-520, Title 
            I, Sec. 2, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2257.)
      260.2  Sec. 61h-4. Appointment of employees by Majority and 
                Minority Leaders of Senate; compensation.
                Effective April 1, 1977, the Majority Leader and the 
            Minority Leader are each authorized to appoint and fix the 
            compensation of such employees as they deem appropriate: 
            Provided, That the gross compensation paid to such employees 
            shall not exceed $191,700 each fiscal year for each Leader. 
            (May 4, 1977, Pub. L. 95-26, Title I, Sec. 100, 91 Stat. 
            80.)
            Note
                S. Res. 89, 100-1, Jan. 28, 1987, established within the 
            offices of Majority and Minority Leaders the positions of 
            chief of staff for the Majority Leader and chief of staff 
            for the Minority Leader. Rate of compensation shall be fixed 
            by the appropriate leader, not to exceed the maximum annual 
            rate of gross compensation of the Assistant Secretary of the 
            Senate.
      260.3  Sec. 61h-5. Assistants to Senate Majority and Minority 
                Leaders for Floor Operations; establishment of 
                positions; appointment; compensation.
                Effective October 1, 1983, there is established within 
            the Offices of the Majority and Minority Leaders the 
            positions of Assistant to the Majority Leader for Floor 
            Operations and Assistant to the Minority Leader for Floor 
            Operations, respectively. Individuals appointed to such 
            positions by the Majority Leader and Minority Leader, 
            respectively, shall receive compensation at a rate fixed by 
            the appropriate Leader not to exceed the maximum annual rate 
            of gross compensation of the Assistant Secretary of the 
            Senate. (July 14, 1983, Pub. L. 98-51, Title I, Sec. 101(a), 
            97 Stat. 265.)
      260.4  Sec. 61h-6. Appointment of consultants by Majority Leader, 
                Minority Leader, Secretary of the Senate, and 
                Legislative Counsel of the Senate; compensation.
                (a) The Majority Leader and the Minority Leader, are 
            each authorized to appoint and fix the compensation of not 
            more than four individual consultants, on a temporary or 
            intermittent basis, at a daily rate of compensation not in 
            excess of the per diem equivalent of the highest gross rate 
            of annual compensation which may be paid to employees of a 
            standing committee of the Senate. The President pro tempore 
            of the Senate is authorized to appoint and fix the 
            compensation of one consultant, on a temporary or 
            intermittent basis, at a daily rate of compensation not in 
            excess of that specified in the first sentence of this 
            subsection. The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to 
            appoint and fix the compensation of not more than two 
            individual consultants, on a temporary or intermittent 
            basis, at a daily rate of compensation not in excess of the 
            per diem equivalent of the highest gross rate of annual 
            compensation which may be paid to employees of a standing 
            committee of the Senate. The Legislative Counsel of the 
            Senate (subject to the approval of the President pro 
            tempore) is authorized to appoint and fix the compensation 
            of not more than two consultants, on a temporary or 
            intermittent basis, at a daily rate of compensation not in 
            excess of that specified in the first sentence of this 
            section. The provisions of section 8344 and 8468 of title 5 
            shall not apply to any individual serving in a position 
            under this authority. Expenditures under this authority 
            shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate upon 
            vouchers approved by the President pro tempore, Majority 
            Leader, Minority Leader, Secretary of the Senate, or 
            Legislative Counsel of the Senate, as the case may be.
                (b) Any or all appointments under this section may be at 
            an annual rate of compensation rather than at a daily rate 
            of compensation, but such annual rate shall not be in excess 
            of the highest gross rate of annual compensation which may 
            be paid to employees of a standing committee of the Senate. 
            (As amended Pub. L. 105-275, Title I, Sec. Sec. 4(a), (b), 
            Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2433.)
     260.4a  Sec. 61h-7. Chiefs of Staff of the Senate Majority and 
                Minority Leaders; appointment; compensation.
                (a) There is established within the Offices of the 
            Majority and Minority Leader the positions of Chief of Staff 
            for the Majority Leader and Chief of Staff for the Minority 
            Leader, respectively. Individuals appointed to such 
            positions by the Majority Leader and Minority Leader, 
            respectively, shall receive compensation at a rate fixed by 
            the appropriate Leader not to exceed the maximum annual rate 
            of gross compensation of the Assistant Secretary of the 
            Senate.
                (b) Gross compensation for employees filling positions 
            established by subsection (a) of this section for the fiscal 
            year ending September 30, 1987, shall be paid out of any 
            funds available in the Senate appropriation for such year 
            under the item ``Salaries, Officers and Employees''. (Pub. 
            L. 101-163, Title I, Sec. 9, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1046.)
      260.5  Sec. 61j-2. Compensation and appointment of employees by 
                Majority and Minority Whips of Senate.
                Effective April 1, 1977, the Majority Whip and the 
            Minority Whip are each authorized to appoint and fix the 
            compensation of such employees as they deem appropriate: 
            Provided, That the gross compensation paid to such employees 
            shall not exceed $111,100 each fiscal year for each Whip. 
            (May 4, 1977, Pub. L. 95-26, Title I, Sec. 100, 91 Stat. 
            80.)
      260.6  Sec. 61k. Appointment and compensation of employees by 
                President pro tempore of Senate.
                Effective October 1, 1979, the President pro tempore is 
            authorized to appoint and fix the compensation of such 
            employees as he deems appropriate: Provided, That the gross 
            compensation paid to such employees shall not exceed 
            $123,000 each fiscal year. (July 25, 1979, Pub. L. 96-38, 
            Title I, Sec. 101, 93 Stat. 111.)
      260.7  Sec. 61l. Appointment and compensation of Administrative 
                Assistant, Legislative Assistant, and Executive 
                Secretary for Deputy President pro tempore of Senate.
                Effective April 1, 1977, the Deputy President pro 
            tempore is authorized to appoint and fix the compensation of 
            an Administrative Assistant at not to exceed $47,595 per 
            annum; a Legislative Assistant at not to exceed $40,080 per 
            annum, and an Executive Secretary at not to exceed $23,380 
            per annum. (May 4, 1977, Pub. L. 95-26, Title I, Sec. 100, 
            91 Stat. 80.)
        261  Sec. 62. Limitation on compensation of Sergeant at Arms and 
                Doorkeeper of Senate.
                The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate shall 
            receive, directly or indirectly, no fees or other 
            compensation or emolument whatever for performing the duties 
            of the office, or in connection therewith, other than the 
            salary prescribed by law. (June 20, 1874, ch. 328, 18 Stat. 
            85; Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 129, 18 Stat. 344.)
        262  Sec. 63. Repealed. (Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(21), 
                Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1733)

  

        263  Sec. 64. Omitted.

  

      263.1  Sec. 64-1. Employees of Senate Disbursing Office; 
                designation by Secretary of the Senate to administer 
                oaths and affirmations.
                The Secretary of the Senate is, on and after November 1, 
            1973, authorized to designate, in writing, employees of the 
            Disbursing Office of the Senate to administer oaths and 
            affirmations, with respect to matters relating to that 
            Office, authorized or required by law or rules or orders of 
            the Senate (including the oath of office required by section 
            3331 of title 5, United States Code). During any period in 
            which he is so designated, any such employee may administer 
            such oaths and affirmations. (Nov. 1, 1973, Pub. L. 93-145, 
            Sec. 101, 87 Stat. 532.)
      263.2  Sec. 64-2. Transfers of funds by Secretary of Senate; 
                approval of Committee on Appropriations.
                Hereafter, the Secretary of the Senate is authorized to 
            make such transfers between appropriations of funds 
            available for disbursement by him for a fiscal year as may 
            be approved by a resolution of the Senate (reported by the 
            Committee on Appropriations of the Senate), and, to the 
            extent necessary, to reimburse, out of funds thereafter made 
            available for disbursement by him for such fiscal year, any 
            appropriation or fund for any amount so transferred from it. 
            (May 4, 1977, Pub. L. 95-26, Title I, Sec. 108, 91 Stat. 
            85.)
            Note
                Section 113 of Pub. L. 97-51 provided ``Hereafter, the 
            Secretary of the Senate as Disbursing Officer of the Senate 
            is authorized to make such transfers between appropriations 
            of funds available for disbursement by him for fiscal year 
            1982, as he deems appropriate, subject to the customary 
            reprogramming procedures of the Committee on Appropriations 
            of the Senate.''
            Note
                During any fiscal year (commencing with the fiscal year 
            beginning October 1, 1982) the Secretary of the Senate is 
            authorized to make such transfers between appropriations of 
            funds available for disbursement by him during such year, 
            subject to the approval of the Committee on Appropriations 
            of the Senate. (Pub. L. 97-276, Sec. 101(e), Oct. 2, 1982, 
            96 Stat. 1189.)
      263.3  Sec. 64-3. Reimbursement for United States Capitol Police 
                salaries paid by Senate for service at Federal Law 
                Enforcement Training Center.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
            Secretary of the Senate is authorized to receive moneys from 
            the Department of the Treasury as reimbursements for 
            salaries paid by the United States Senate in connection with 
            certain officers and members of the United States Capitol 
            Police serving as instructors at the Federal Law Enforcement 
            Training Center. Moneys so received shall be deposited in 
            the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts. 
            (May 4, 1977, Pub. L. 95-26, Title I, Sec. 111, 91 Stat. 
            87.)
        264  Sec. 64a. Death, resignation, or disability of Secretary and 
                Assistant Secretary of Senate; Financial Clerk deemed 
                successor as disbursing officer.
                For any period during which both the Secretary and the 
            Assistant Secretary of the Senate are unable (because of 
            death, resignation, or disability) to discharge such 
            Secretary's duties as disbursing officer of the Senate, the 
            Financial Clerk of the Senate shall be deemed to be the 
            successor of such Secretary as disbursing officer. (Mar. 3, 
            1926, ch. 44, Sec. 1, 44 Stat. 162; Oct. 31, 1969, Pub. L. 
            91-105, Sec. 2, 83 Stat. 169; Aug. 18, 1970, Pub. L. 91-382, 
            Sec. 101, 84 Stat. 810; June 6, 1972, Pub. L. 92-310, 
            Sec. 220(g), 86 Stat. 204; July 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98-367, 
            Sec. 2, 98 Stat. 474.)
        265  Sec. 64b. Death, resignation, or disability of Secretary of 
                Senate; Assistant Secretary of the Senate to act as 
                Secretary; written designation of absent status.
                In the event of the death, resignation, or disability of 
            the Secretary of the Senate, the Assistant Secretary of the 
            Senate shall act as Secretary in carrying out the duties and 
            responsibilities of that office in all matters until such 
            time as a new Secretary shall have been elected and 
            qualified or such disability shall have been ended. For 
            purposes of this section and section 64a of this title, the 
            Secretary of the Senate shall be considered as disabled only 
            during such period of time as the Majority and Minority 
            Leaders and the President pro tempore of the Senate certify 
            jointly to the Senate that the Secretary is unable to 
            perform his duties. In the event that the Secretary of the 
            Senate is absent or is to be absent for reasons other than 
            disability (as provided in this paragraph), and makes a 
            written designation that he is or will be so absent, the 
            Assistant Secretary shall act during such absence as the 
            Secretary in carrying out the duties and responsibilities of 
            the office in all matters. The designation may be revoked in 
            writing at any time by the Secretary, and is revoked 
            whenever the Secretary making the designation dies, resigns, 
            or is considered disabled in accordance with this paragraph. 
            (Dec. 15, 1971, Pub. L. 92-184, Sec. 401, 85 Stat. 635; 
            amended Aug. 13, 1974, Pub. L. 93-371, Sec. 101(1), 88 Stat. 
            427; July 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98-367, Sec. 2, 98 Stat. 474.)
        266  Sec. 65a. Insurance of office funds of Secretary of the 
                Senate and Sergeant at Arms; payment of premiums.
                The Secretary of the Senate and the Sergeant at Arms on 
            and after June 27, 1956, are authorized and directed to 
            protect the funds of their respective offices by purchasing 
            insurance in an amount necessary to protect said funds 
            against loss. Premiums on such insurance shall be paid out 
            of the contingent fund of the Senate, upon vouchers approved 
            by the chairman of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration. (June 27, 1956, ch. 453, 70 Stat. 360.)
        267  Sec. 65b. Advances to Sergeant at Arms of the Senate for 
                extraordinary expenses.
                The Secretary of the Senate is on and after July 31, 
            1958, authorized, in his discretion, to advance to the 
            Sergeant at Arms of the Senate such sums as may be 
            necessary, not exceeding $4,000, to meet any extraordinary 
            expenses of the Senate. (July 31, 1958, Pub. L. 85-570, 72 
            Stat. 442; Oct. 1, 1976, Pub. L. 94-440, Sec. 108, 90 Stat. 
            1445; May 4, 1977, Pub. L. 95-26, Sec. 104, 91 Stat. 82.)
      267.1  Sec. 65c. Expense allowance for the Secretary of the Senate, 
                Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate, and 
                Secretaries for Senate Majority and Minority.
                (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, there is 
            hereby established an account, within the Senate, to be 
            known as the ``Expense Allowance for the Secretary of the 
            Senate, Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate and 
            Secretaries for the Majority and for the Minority of the 
            Senate'' (hereinafter in this section referred to as the 
            ``Expense Allowance''). For each fiscal year (commencing 
            with the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981) there shall 
            be available for the Expense Allowance an expense allotment 
            not to exceed $3,000 for each of the above specified 
            officers. Amounts paid from the expense allotment of any 
            such officer shall be paid to him only as reimbursement for 
            actual expenses incurred by him and upon certification and 
            documentation by him of such expenses. Amounts paid to any 
            such officer pursuant to this section shall not be reported 
            as income and shall not be allowed as a deduction under 
            title 26.
                (b) For the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, and 
            the succeeding fiscal year, the Secretary of the Senate 
            shall transfer, for each such year, $8,000 to the Expense 
            Allowance from ``Miscellaneous Items'' in the contingent 
            fund of the Senate. For the fiscal year ending September 30, 
            1983, and for each fiscal year thereafter, there are 
            authorized to be appropriated to the Expense Allowance such 
            funds as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of 
            subsection (a) of this section. (Pub. L. 97-51, Sec. 119, 
            Oct. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 964; amended Pub. L. 98-63, July 30, 
            1983, 97 Stat. 334; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 
            100 Stat. 2095.)
      267.2  Sec. 65d. Funds advanced by the Secretary of the Senate to 
                Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of Senate to defray 
                office expenses; accountability; maximum amount; 
                vouchers.
                From funds available for any fiscal year (commencing 
            with the fiscal year ending September 30, 1984), the 
            Secretary of the Senate shall advance to the Sergeant at 
            Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate for the purpose of 
            defraying office expenses such sums (for which the Sergeant 
            at Arms and Doorkeeper shall be accountable) not in excess 
            of $1,000 at any one time, as such Sergeant at Arms shall 
            from time to time request; except that the aggregate of the 
            sums so advanced during the fiscal year shall not exceed 
            $10,000.
                In accordance with the provisions of this section, a 
            detailed voucher shall be submitted to the Secretary of the 
            Senate by such Sergeant at Arms whenever necessary, in order 
            to replenish funds expended. (Pub. L. 98-51, Sec. 104, July 
            14, 1983, 97 Stat. 266.)
      267.3  Sec. 65f. Funds for Secretary of the Senate to assist in 
                proper discharge within United States of 
                responsibilities to foreign parliamentary groups or 
                other foreign officials.
                (a) On and after July 11, 1987, the Secretary of the 
            Senate is authorized to use any available funds (but not in 
            excess of $50,000 for any fiscal year), out of the 
            appropriation account (within the Contingent Fund of the 
            Senate) for the Secretary of the Senate, to assist him in 
            the proper discharge, within the United States, of his 
            appropriate responsibilities to members of foreign 
            parliamentary groups or other foreign officials.
                (b) The provisions of subsection (a) shall be effective 
            in the case of expenditures for fiscal years ending after 
            September 30, 1986.
                (c) Upon the written request of the Secretary of the 
            Senate, with the approval of the Committee on Appropriations 
            of the Senate, there shall be transferred any amount of 
            funds available under subsection (a) of this section 
            specified in the request, but not to exceed $10,000 in any 
            fiscal year, from the appropriation account (within the 
            contingent fund of the Senate) for expenses of the Office of 
            the Secretary of the Senate to the appropriation account for 
            the expense allowance of the Secretary of the Senate. Any 
            funds so transferred shall be available in like manner and 
            for the same purposes as are other funds in the account to 
            which the funds are transferred. (July 11, 1987, Pub. L. 
            100-71, Sec. 2, Title I, 101 Stat. 423; Pub. L. 102-90, 
            Sec. 4, Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 450; Pub. L. 105-18, Title 
            II, Sec. 7003(a), June 12, 1997, 111 Stat. 192.)
        268  Sec. 66a. Restriction on payment of dual compensation by 
                Secretary of the Senate.
                Unless otherwise specifically authorized by law, no part 
            of any appropriation disbursed by the Secretary of the 
            Senate shall be available for payment of compensation to any 
            person holding any position, for any period for which such 
            person received compensation for holding any other position, 
            the compensation for which is disbursed by the Secretary of 
            the Senate. (June 27, 1956, ch. 453, 70 Stat. 360.)
            Cross Reference
                See section 5533(c) of title 5, United States Code 
            (Senate Manual section 433.3).
        269  Sec. 67. Clerks to Senators-elect.
                A Senator entitled to receive his own salary may appoint 
            the usual clerical assistants allowed Senators. (June 19, 
            1934, ch. 648, Sec. 1, 48 Stat. 1022.)
        270  Sec. 68. Payments from Senate contingent fund.
                No payment shall be made from the contingent fund of the 
            Senate unless sanctioned by the Committee to Audit and 
            Control the Contingent Expenses [Committee on Rules and 
            Administration] of the Senate. Payments made upon vouchers 
            or abstracts of disbursements of salaries approved by said 
            Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, shall 
            be deemed, held, and taken, and are declared to be 
            conclusive upon all the departments and officers of the 
            Government: Provided, That no payment shall be made from 
            said contingent fund as additional salary or compensation to 
            any officer or employee of the Senate. (Oct. 2, 1888, ch. 
            1069, Sec. 1, 25 Stat. 546; Dec. 27, 1974, Pub. L. 93-554, 
            Title I, Ch. III, 88 Stat. 1776; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. L. 104-
            186, Title I, Sec. 105(c)(2)(A), 110 Stat. 1722.)
      270.1  Sec. 68-1. Committee on Rules and Administration; 
                designation of Committee employees to approve vouchers 
                on behalf of Committee.
                The Committee on Rules and Administration may authorize 
            its chairman to designate any employee or employees of such 
            Committee to approve in his behalf, all vouchers making 
            payments from the contingent fund of the Senate, such 
            approval to be deemed and held to be approval by the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration for all intents and 
            purposes. (Nov. 1, 1973, Pub. L. 93-145, Sec. 101, 87 Stat. 
            529; Oct. 1, 1981, Pub. L. 97-51, 95 Stat. 965; Oct 12, 
            1984, Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 123A(c), 98 Stat. 1970.)
      270.2  Sec. 68-2. Appropriations for contingent expenses of Senate; 
                restriction.
                Appropriations made for contingent expenses of the 
            Senate shall not be used for the payment of personal 
            services except upon the express and specific authorization 
            of the Senate in whose behalf such services are rendered. 
            Nor shall such appropriations be used for any expenses not 
            intimately and directly connected with the routine 
            legislative business of the Senate, and the General 
            Accounting Office shall apply the provisions of this section 
            in the settlement of the accounts of expenditures from said 
            appropriations incurred for services or materials. (Feb. 14, 
            1902, ch. 17, Sec. 1, 32 Stat. 26; June 10, 1921, ch. 18, 
            Title III, Sec. 304, 42 Stat. 24; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. L. 
            104-186, Title II, Sec. 204 (45), 110 Stat. 1737.)
      270.3  Sec. 68-3. Separate accounts for ``Secretary of the Senate'' 
                and for ``Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
                Senate''; establishment within Senate contingent fund; 
                inclusion of funds in existing accounts.
                (a) Effective October 1, 1983--
                            (1) there shall be, within the contingent 
                        fund of the Senate, a separate account for the 
                        ``Secretary of the Senate'', and a separate 
                        account for the ``Sergeant at Arms and 
                        Doorkeeper of the Senate'';
                            (2) the account for ``Automobiles and 
                        Maintenance'', within the contingent fund of the 
                        Senate, is abolished, and funds for the 
                        purchase, lease, exchange, maintenance, and 
                        operation of vehicles for the Senate shall be 
                        included in the separate account, established by 
                        paragraph (1), for the ``Sergeant at Arms and 
                        Doorkeeper of the Senate''; and
                            (3) the account for ``Postage Stamps'', 
                        within the contingent fund of the Senate, is 
                        abolished; and funds for special delivery 
                        postage of the Office of the Secretary of the 
                        Senate shall be included in the separate 
                        account, established by paragraph (1) for the 
                        ``Secretary of the Senate''; funds for special 
                        delivery postage of the Sergeant at Arms and 
                        Doorkeeper of the Senate shall be included in 
                        the separate account, established by paragraph 
                        (1), for the ``Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper 
                        of the Senate''; and postage stamps for the 
                        Secretaries for the Majority and the Minority 
                        and other offices and officers of the Senate, as 
                        authorized by law, shall be included in the 
                        account for ``Miscellaneous Items'', within the 
                        contingent fund of the Senate.
                (b) Any provision of law which was enacted, or any 
            Senate resolution which was agreed to, prior to October 1, 
            1983, and which authorizes moneys in the contingent fund of 
            the Senate to be expended by or for the use of the Secretary 
            of the Senate, or his office (whether generally or from a 
            specified account within such fund) may on and after October 
            1, 1983, be construed to authorize such moneys to be 
            expended from the separate account, within such fund, 
            established by subsection (a)(1) for the ``Secretary of the 
            Senate''; and any provision of law which was enacted prior 
            to October 1, 1983, and which authorizes moneys in the 
            contingent fund of the Senate to be expended by or for the 
            use of the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate, or 
            his office (whether generally or from a specified account 
            within such fund) may on and after October 1, 1983, be 
            construed to authorize such moneys to be expended from the 
            separate account, within such fund, established by 
            subsection (a)(1) for the ``Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper 
            of the Senate''. (July 14, 1983, Pub. L. 98-51, Sec. 103, 97 
            Stat. 266.)
      270.4  Sec. 68-5. Purchase, lease, exchange, maintenance, and 
                operation of vehicles out of account for Sergeant at 
                Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate within contingent fund 
                of Senate; authorization of appropriations.
                For each fiscal year (commencing with the fiscal year 
            ending September 30, 1985) there is authorized to be 
            appropriated to the account, within the contingent fund of 
            the Senate, for the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate, such funds (which shall be in addition to funds 
            authorized to be so appropriated for other purposes) as may 
            be necessary for the purchase, lease, exchange, maintenance, 
            and operation of vehicles as follows: one for the Vice 
            President, one for the President pro tempore of the Senate, 
            one for the Majority Leader of the Senate, one for the 
            Minority Leader of the Senate, one for Majority Whip of the 
            Senate, one for the Minority Whip of the Senate, one for the 
            attending physician, one as authorized by Senate Resolution 
            90 of the 100th Congress, such number as is needed for 
            carrying mails, and for official use of the offices of the 
            Secretary of the Senate, the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper 
            of the Senate, the Secretary for the Majority, and the 
            Secretary for the Minority, and such additional number as is 
            otherwise specifically authorized by law. (Aug. 15, 1985, 
            Pub. L. 99-88, Title I, Sec. 192, 99 Stat. 349; Dec. 22, 
            1987, Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 3(a), 101 Stat. 1329-294.)
      270.5  Sec. 68-6. Transfers from appropriations accounts for 
                expenses of the Office of the Secretary of the Senate 
                and Office of the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
                Senate.
                (a) The Secretary of the Senate is authorized, with the 
            approval of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, to 
            transfer, during any fiscal year (1) from the appropriations 
            account, within the contingent fund of the Senate, for 
            expenses of the Office of the Secretary of the Senate, such 
            sums as he shall specify to the Senate appropriations 
            account, appropriated under the headings ``Salaries, 
            Officers and Employees'' and ``Office of the Secretary'' and 
            (2) from the Senate appropriations account, appropriated 
            under the headings, ``Salaries, Officers and Employees'' and 
            ``Office of the Secretary'' to the appropriations account, 
            within the contingent fund of the Senate, for expenses of 
            the Office of the Secretary of the Senate, such sums as he 
            shall specify; and any funds so transferred shall be 
            available in like manner and for the same purposes as are 
            other funds in the account to which the funds are 
            transferred.
                (b) The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate is 
            authorized, with the approval of the Senate Committee on 
            Appropriations, to transfer, during any fiscal year, from 
            the appropriations account, within the contingent fund of 
            the Senate, for expenses of the Office of the Sergeant at 
            Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate, such sums as he shall 
            specify to the appropriations account, appropriated under 
            the headings ``Salaries, Officers and Employees'' and 
            ``Office of the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper''; and any 
            funds so transferred shall be available in like manner and 
            for the same purposes as are other funds in the account to 
            which the funds are transferred. (Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 
            100-202, Sec. 101(i) [Title I, Sec. 8], 101 Stat. 1329-295; 
            Pub. L. 100-458, Title I, Sec. 3, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 
            2161, amended Pub. L. 101-302, Title II, Sec. 317, May 25, 
            1990, 104 Stat. 247.)
            Historical and Statutory Notes
                1990 Amendment. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101-302 inserted 
            reference to the transfer of sums from the Senate 
            appropriations account, appropriated under the headings 
            ``Salaries, Officers and Employees'' and ``Office of the 
            Secretary'' to the appropriations account, within the 
            contingent fund of the Senate, for expenses of the Office of 
            the Secretary of the Senate.
                Similar Provisions. Similar provisions were contained in 
            the following prior appropriations Acts: Pub. L. 100-202, 
            Sec. 101(i) [Title I, Sec. 8], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 
            1329-295.
      270.6  Sec. 68-6a. Transfers from appropriations account for 
                expenses of Office of Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of 
                Senate.
                The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate is 
            authorized, with the approval of the Senate Committee on 
            Appropriations, to transfer, during any fiscal year, from 
            the appropriations account, appropriated under the headings 
            ``Salaries, Officers and Employees'' and ``Office of the 
            Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper'' such sums as he shall 
            specify to the appropriations account, within the contingent 
            fund of the Senate, for expenses of the Office of the 
            Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate; and any funds 
            so transferred shall be available in like manner and for the 
            same purposes as are other funds in the account to which the 
            funds are transferred. (Pub. L. 101-520, Title I, Sec. 5, 
            Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2258.)
      270.7  Sec. 68-7. Senate Office of Public Records Revolving Fund.
            (a) Establishment
                There is established in the Treasury of the United 
            States a revolving fund within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate to be known as the ``Senate Office of Public Records 
            Revolving Fund'' (hereafter in this section referred to as 
            the ``revolving fund'').
            (b) Source of moneys for deposit in Fund; availability of 
                moneys in Fund
                All moneys received on and after October 1, 1989, by the 
            Senate Office of Public Records from fees and other charges 
            for services shall be deposited to the credit of the 
            revolving fund. Moneys in the revolving fund shall be 
            available without fiscal year limitation for disbursement by 
            the Secretary of the Senate for use in connection with the 
            operation of the Senate Office of Public Records including 
            supplies, equipment, and other expenses.
            (c) Vouchers
                Disbursements from the revolving fund shall be made upon 
            vouchers approved by the Secretary of the Senate.
            (d) Regulations
                The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to prescribe 
            such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the 
            provisions of this section.
            (e) Transfer of moneys into Fund
                To provide capital for the revolving fund, the Secretary 
            of the Senate is authorized to transfer, from moneys 
            appropriated for fiscal year 1990 to the account, 
            ``Miscellaneous Items'' in the contingent fund of the 
            Senate, to the revolving fund such sum as he may determine 
            necessary, not to exceed $30,000. (Pub. L. 101-163, Title I, 
            Sec. 13, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1047.)
        271  Sec. 68a. Materials, supplies, and fuel payments from Senate 
                contingent fund.
                Payments from the contingent fund of the Senate for 
            materials and supplies (including fuel) hereafter purchased 
            through the Administrator of General Services shall be made 
            by check upon vouchers approved by the Committee on Rules 
            and Administration of the Senate. (July 8, 1935, ch. 374, 
            Sec. 1, 49 Stat. 463; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, Sec. 102, 60 
            Stat. 814; June 30, 1949, ch. 288, Sec. 102, 63 Stat. 380.)
        272  Sec. 68b. Per diem and subsistence expenses from Senate 
                contingent fund.\1\
                \1\ Pursuant to the authority granted by section 68b the 
                Committee on Rules and Administration issues ``United 
                States Senate Travel Regulations.'' Copies of the 
                regulations currently in effect may be obtained from the 
                Committee.
                No part of the appropriations made under the heading 
            ``Contingent Expenses of the Senate'' hereafter may be 
            expended for per diem and subsistence expenses (as defined 
            in section 5701 of title 5) at rates in excess of the rates 
            prescribed by the Committee on Rules and Administration; 
            except that (1) higher rates may be established by the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration for travel beyond the 
            limits of the continental United States, and (2) in 
            accordance with regulations prescribed by the Committee on 
            Rules and Administration of the Senate, reimbursement for 
            such expenses may be made on an actual expense basis of not 
            to exceed the daily rate prescribed by the Committee on 
            Rules and Administration in the case of travel within the 
            continental limits of the United States. This paragraph 
            shall not apply with respect to per diem or actual travel 
            expenses incurred by Senators and employees in the office of 
            a Senator which are reimbursed under section 58 of this 
            title. (2 U.S.C. 58). (June 27, 1956, ch. 453, 70 Stat. 360; 
            Aug. 14, 1961, Pub. L. 87-139, Sec. 7, 75 Stat. 340; Nov. 
            10, 1969, Pub. L. 91-114, Sec. 3, 83 Stat. 190; May 19, 
            1975, Pub. L. 94-22, Sec. 8, 89 Stat. 86; Aug. 5, 1977, Pub. 
            L. 95-94, Title I, Sec. 112(e), 91 Stat. 664; Sept. 8, 1978, 
            Pub. L. 95-355, Title I, Sec. 103, 92 Stat. 533; July 8, 
            1980, Pub. L. 96-304, Title I, Sec. 102(b), 94 Stat. 889.)
        273  Sec. 68c. Computation of compensation for stenographic 
                assistance of committees payable from Senate contingent 
                fund.
                Compensation for stenographic assistance of committees 
            paid out of the items under ``Contingent Expenses of the 
            Senate'' hereafter shall be computed at such rates \2\ and 
            in accordance with such regulations as may be prescribed by 
            the Committee on Rules and Administration, notwithstanding, 
            and without regard to any other provision of law. (June 27, 
            1956, ch. 453, 70 Stat. 360.)
                \2\ Pursuant to the authority granted by section 68c the 
                Committee on Rules and Administration issues 
                ``Regulations Governing Rates Payable to Commercial 
                Reporting Firms for Reporting Committee Hearings in the 
                Senate.'' Copies of the regulations currently in effect 
                may be obtained from the Committee.
      273.2  Sec. 68e. Advance payments by Secretary of Senate.
                (a) For fiscal year 1998, and each fiscal year 
            thereafter, the Secretary of the Senate is authorized to 
            make advance payments under a contract or other agreement to 
            provide a service or deliver an article for the United 
            States Government without regard to the provisions of 
            section 3324 of title 31.
                (b) An advance payment authorized by subsection (a) 
            shall be made in accordance with regulations issued by the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate.
                (c) The authority granted by subsection (a) shall not 
            take effect until regulations are issued pursuant to 
            subsection (b).

            (Pub. L. 105-55, Title I, Sec. 1, Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 
            1179.)

        274  Sec. 69. Expenses of committees payable from Senate 
                contingent fund.
                When any duty is imposed upon a committee involving 
            expenses that are ordered to be paid out of the contingent 
            fund of the Senate, upon vouchers to be approved by the 
            chairman of the committee charged with such duty, the 
            receipt of such chairman for any sum advanced to him or his 
            order out of said contingent fund by the Secretary of the 
            Senate for committee expenses not involving personal 
            services shall be taken and passed by the accounting 
            officers of the Government as a full and sufficient voucher; 
            but it shall be the duty of such chairman, as soon as 
            practicable, to furnish to the Secretary of the Senate 
            vouchers in detail for the expenses so incurred. (June 22, 
            1949, ch. 235, Sec. 101, 63 Stat. 218.)
            Cross Reference
                Payments from contingent fund of Senate not to be made 
            unless sanctioned, the vouchers of which are declared 
            conclusive upon all departments of Government, see section 
            68 of this title (Senate Manual section 270).
      274.4  Sec. 69-1. Availability of funds for franked mail expenses.
                Funds in the account, within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate, available for the expenses of inquiries and 
            investigations shall be available for franked mail expenses 
            incurred by committees of the Senate the other expenses of 
            which are paid from that account.

            (Pub. L. 105-55, Title I, Sec. 6(b), Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 
            1181.)

      274.5  Sec. 69a. Orientation seminars, etc.
                Effective July 1, 1979, there is authorized an expense 
            allowance for the Office of the Secretary of the Senate and 
            the Office of Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate 
            which shall not exceed $10,000 each fiscal year for each 
            such office. Payments made under this section shall be 
            reimbursements only for actual expenses (including meals and 
            food-related expenses) incurred in the course of conducting 
            orientation seminars for Senators, Senate officials, or 
            members of the staffs of Senators or Senate officials, and 
            other similar meetings, in the Capitol Building or the 
            Senate Office Buildings. Such payments shall be made upon 
            certification and documentation of such expenses by the 
            Secretary and Sergeant at Arms, respectively, and shall be 
            made out of the contingent fund of the Senate upon vouchers 
            signed by the Secretary and the Sergeant at Arms, 
            respectively. Amounts received as reimbursement of such 
            expenses shall not be reported as income, and the expenses 
            so reimbursed shall not be allowed as a deduction, under 
            title 26. (July 25, 1979, Pub. L. 96-38, Title I, 
            Sec. 107(a), 93 Stat. 112; Aug. 15, 1985, Pub. L. 99-88, 
            Sec. 193, 99 Stat. 349; Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100-202, 
            Sec. 6, 101 Stat. 1329-294; Pub. L. 102-392, Title I, 
            Sec. 3, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1706.)
      274.6  Sec. 69b. Senate Leader's Lecture Series.
                (a) There is established the Senate Leader's Lecture 
            Series (hereinafter referred to as the ``lecture series''). 
            Expenses incurred in connection with the lecture series 
            shall be paid from the appropriations account ``Secretary of 
            the Senate'' within the contingent fund of the Senate and 
            shall not exceed $30,000 in any fiscal year.
                (b) Payments for expenses in connection with the lecture 
            series may cover expenses incurred by speakers, including 
            travel, subsistence, and per diem, and the cost of 
            receptions, including food, food related items, and 
            hospitality.
                (c) Payments for expenses of the lecture series shall be 
            made on vouchers approved by the Secretary of the Senate.
                (d) This section is effective on and after October 1, 
            1997.

            (Pub. L. 105-275, Title I, Sec. 5, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 
            2433.)

        275  Sec. 72a. Committee staffs--
            (a) Appointment of professional members; number, 
                qualifications; termination of employment
                (Made inapplicable by sec. 2 of S. Res. 274, 96th 
            Congress.)
            (b) Professional members for Committee on Appropriations; 
                examinations of executive agencies' operations
                (Made inapplicable with respect to the Senate by sec. 2 
            of S. Res. 274, 96th Congress.)
            (c) Clerical employees; appointment; number, duties; 
                termination of employment
                (Made inapplicable by sec. 2 of S. Res. 274, 96th 
            Congress.)
            (d) Recordation of committee hearings, data, etc.; access to 
                records
                (Made inapplicable by sec. 2 of S. Res. 274, 96th 
            Congress. For rule on same, see Senate Manual section 
            26.10a.)
            (e) Repealed
            (f) Limitations on appointment of professional members
                (Made inapplicable with respect to the Senate by sec. 2 
            of S. Res. 274, 96th Congress. For rule on same, see Senate 
            Manual section 27.4.)
            (g) Appointments when no vacancy exists; payment from 
                contingent fund of the Senate
                (Made inapplicable by sec. 2 of S. Res. 274, 96th 
            Congress.)
            (h) Salary rates, assignments of facilities and 
                accessibility of committee records for minority staff 
                appointees
                (Made inapplicable by sec. 2 of S. Res. 274, 96th 
            Congress. For rule on same, see Senate Manual section 27.1.)
      275.9  (i) Consultants for Senate and House standing committees; 
                procurement of temporary or intermittent services; 
                contracts; advertisement requirements inapplicable; 
                selection method; qualifications report to congressional 
                committees
                (1) Each standing committee of the Senate or House of 
            Representatives is authorized, with the approval of the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration in the case of 
            standing committees of the Senate, or the Committee on House 
            Oversight in the case of standing committees of the House of 
            Representatives, within the limits of funds made available 
            from the contingent fund of the Senate or the applicable 
            accounts of the House of Representatives pursuant to 
            resolutions, which, in the case of the Senate, shall specify 
            the maximum amounts which may be used for such purpose, 
            approved by the appropriate House, to procure the temporary 
            services (not in excess of one year) or intermittent 
            services of individual consultants, or organizations 
            thereof, to make studies or advise the committee with 
            respect to any matter within its jurisdiction or with 
            respect to the administration of the affairs of the 
            committee.
                (2) Such services in the case of individuals or 
            organizations may be procured by contract as independent 
            contractors, or in the case of individuals by employment at 
            daily rates of compensation not in excess of the per diem 
            equivalent of the highest gross rate of compensation which 
            may be paid to a regular employee of the committee. Such 
            contracts shall not be subject to the provisions of section 
            5 of title 41 or any other provision of law requiring 
            advertising.
                (3) With respect to the standing committees of the 
            Senate, any such consultant or organization shall be 
            selected by the chairman and ranking minority member of the 
            committee, acting jointly. With respect to the standing 
            committees of the House of Representatives, the standing 
            committee concerned shall select any such consultant or 
            organization. The committee shall submit to the Committee on 
            Rules and Administration in the case of standing committees 
            of the Senate, and the Committee on House Oversight in the 
            case of standing committees of the House of Representatives, 
            information bearing on the qualifications of each consultant 
            whose services are procured pursuant to this subsection, 
            including organizations, and such information shall be 
            retained by that committee and shall be made available for 
            public inspection upon request.
    275.10  (j) Specialized training for professional staffs of Senate 
                and House standing committees, Senate Appropriations 
                Committee, Senate Majority and Minority Policy 
                Committees, and joint committees whose funding is 
                disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief 
                Administrative Officer of the House; assistance: pay, 
                tuition, etc. while training; continued employment 
                agreement; service credit: retirement, life insurance 
                and health insurance
                (1) Each standing committee of the Senate or House of 
            Representatives is authorized, with the approval of the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration in the case of 
            standing committees of the Senate, and the committee 
            involved in the case of standing committees of the House of 
            Representatives, and within the limits of funds made 
            available from the contingent fund of the Senate or the 
            applicable accounts of the House of Representatives pursuant 
            to resolutions, which, in the case of the Senate, shall 
            specify the maximum amounts which may be used for such 
            purpose, approved by the appropriate House, to provide 
            assistance for members of its professional staff in 
            obtaining specialized training, whenever that committee 
            determines that such training will aid the committee in the 
            discharge of its responsibilities. Any joint committee of 
            the Congress whose expenses are paid out of funds disbursed 
            by the Secretary of the Senate or by the Chief 
            Administrative Officer of the House, the Committee on 
            Appropriations of the Senate, and the Majority Policy 
            Committee and Minority Policy Committee of the Senate are 
            each authorized to expend, for the purpose of providing 
            assistance in accordance with paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) 
            of this subsection for members of its staff in obtaining 
            such training, any part of amounts appropriated to that 
            committee.
                (2) Such assistance may be in the form of continuance of 
            pay during periods of training or grants of funds to pay 
            tuition, fees, or such other expenses of training, or both, 
            as may be approved by the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration or the Committee on House Administration, as 
            the case may be.
                (3) A committee providing assistance under this 
            subsection shall obtain from any employee receiving such 
            assistance such agreement with respect to continued 
            employment with the committee as the committee may deem 
            necessary to assure that it will receive the benefits of 
            such employee's services upon completion of his training.
                (4) During any period for which an employee is separated 
            from employment with a committee for the purpose of 
            undergoing training under this subsection, such employee 
            shall be considered to have performed service (in a nonpay 
            status) as an employee of the committee at the rate of 
            compensation received immediately prior to commencing such 
            training (including any increases in compensation provided 
            by law during the period of training) for the purposes of--
                            (A) subchapter III (relating to civil 
                        service retirement) of chapter 83 of title 5,
                            (B) chapter 87 (relating to Federal 
                        employees group life insurance) of title 5, and
                            (C) chapter 89 (relating to Federal 
                        employees group health insurance) of title 5. 
                        (Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, Sec. 202, 60 Stat. 834; 
                        July 30, 1947, ch. 361, Sec. 101, 61 Stat. 611; 
                        Feb. 24, 1949, ch. 8, 63 Stat. 6; Aug. 5, 1955, 
                        ch. 568, Sec. 12, 69 Stat. 509; June 20, 1958, 
                        Pub. L. 85-462, Sec. 4(o), 72 Stat. 209; Oct. 
                        26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-510, Sec. Sec. 301, 303-
                        304, 84 Stat. 1175; Oct. 11, 1971, Pub. L. 92-
                        136, Sec. 5, 85 Stat. 378; Oct. 1, 1988, Pub. L. 
                        100-458, Sec. 312, 102 Stat. 2184 Pub. L. 104-
                        186, Title II, Sec. 204(10-11), Aug. 20, 1996, 
                        110 Stat. 1731; Pub. L. 105-55, Title I, 
                        Sec. 105(a), Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 1184.)
        277  Sec. 72a-1e. Assistance to Senators with committee 
                memberships by employees in office of Senator.
                (1) A Senator may designate employees in his office to 
            assist him in connection with his membership on committees 
            of the Senate. An employee may be designated with respect to 
            only one committee.
                (2) An employee designated by a Senator under this 
            section shall be certified by him to the chairman and 
            ranking minority member of the committee with respect to 
            which such designation is made. Such employee shall be 
            accorded all privileges of a professional staff member 
            (whether permanent or investigatory) of such committee 
            including access to all committee sessions and files, except 
            that any such committee may restrict access to its sessions 
            to one staff member per Senator at a time and require, if 
            classified material is being handled or discussed, that any 
            staff member possess the appropriate security clearance 
            before being allowed access to such material or to 
            discussion of it. Nothing contained in this paragraph shall 
            be construed to prohibit a committee from adopting policies 
            and practices with respect to the application of this 
            section which are similar to the policies and practices 
            adopted with respect to the application of section 705(c)(1) 
            of Senate Resolution 4, 95th Congress, and section 72a-
            1d(c)(1) of this title.
                (3) A Senator shall notify the chairman and ranking 
            minority member of a committee whenever a designation of an 
            employee under this section with respect to such committee 
            is terminated. (Pub. L. 95-94, Title I, Sec. 111(c), Aug. 5, 
            1977, 91 Stat. 662.)
        278  Sec. 72a-1g. Referral of ethics violations by the Senate 
                Ethics Committee to the General Accounting Office for 
                investigation.
                If the Committee on Ethics of the Senate determines that 
            there is a reasonable basis to believe that a Member, 
            officer, or employee of the Senate may have committed an 
            ethics violation, the committee may request the Office of 
            Special Investigations of the General Accounting Office to 
            conduct factfinding and an investigation into the matter. 
            The Office of Special Investigations shall promptly 
            investigate the matter as directed by the committee. (Pub. 
            L. 101-194, Title V, Sec. 501, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 
            1753.)
      278.1  Sec. 72d. Committee on Appropriations; discretionary powers.
                (a) The Committee on Appropriations is authorized in its 
            discretion--
                            (1) to hold hearings, report such hearings, 
                        and make investigations as authorized by 
                        paragraph 1 of rule XXVI of the Standing Rules 
                        of the Senate;
                            (2) to make expenditures from the contingent 
                        fund of the Senate;
                            (3) to employ personnel;
                            (4) with the prior consent of the Government 
                        department or agency concerned and the Committee 
                        on Rules and Administration to use, on a 
                        reimbursable or nonreimbursable basis, the 
                        services of personnel of any such department or 
                        agency;
                            (5) to procure the services of individual 
                        consultants, or organizations thereof (as 
                        authorized by section 72a(i) of this title and 
                        Senate Resolution 140, agreed to May 14, 1975); 
                        and
                            (6) to provide for the training of the 
                        professional staff of such committee (under 
                        procedures specified by section 72a(j) of this 
                        title).
                (b) Senate Resolution 54, agreed to February 13, 1997, 
            is amended by striking section 4.
                (c) This section shall be effective on and after October 
            1, 1998, or the date of enactment of this Act (October 21, 
            1998), whichever is later.

            (Pub. L. 105-275, Title I, Sec. 10, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 
            2435.)

      278.2  Sec. 72d-1. Transfer of funds from the appropriation 
                accounts for salaries or expenses for the Appropriations 
                Committee of the Senate.
                (a)(1) The Chairman of the Appropriations Committee of 
            the Senate may, during any fiscal year, at his or her 
            election transfer funds from the appropriation account for 
            salaries for the Appropriations Committee of the Senate, to 
            the account, within the contingent fund of the Senate, from 
            which expenses are payable for such committee.
                (2) The Chairman of the Appropriations Committee of the 
            Senate may, during any fiscal year, at his or her election 
            transfer funds from the appropriation account for expenses, 
            within the contingent fund of the Senate, for the 
            Appropriations Committee of the Senate, to the account from 
            which salaries are payable for such committee.
                (b) Any funds transferred under this section shall be--
                            (1) available for expenditure by such 
                        committee in like manner and for the same 
                        purposes as are other moneys which are available 
                        for expenditure by such committee from the 
                        account to which the funds were transferred; and
                            (2) made at such time or times as the 
                        Chairman shall specify in writing to the Senate 
                        Disbursing Office.
                (c) This section shall take effect on October 1, 1998, 
            and shall be effective with respect to fiscal years 
            beginning on or after that date.

            (Pub. L. 105-275, Title I, Sec. 11, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 
            2435.)

        280  Sec. 74b. Employment of additional administrative 
                assistants.
                The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to employ such 
            administrative assistants as may be necessary in order to 
            carry out the provisions of this Act under the jurisdiction 
            of the Secretary. (Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, Sec. 244, 60 Stat. 
            839; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(18), 
            110 Stat. 1732.)
        281  Sec. 88a. Education of Congressional and Supreme Court 
                pages; appropriations; attendance at private or 
                parochial schools. Repealed. (Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
                Sec. 204(34)(A), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1734.)

  

        282  Sec. 88b. Education of other minors who are Senate 
                employees.
                The facilities provided for the education of 
            Congressional and Supreme Court pages shall be available 
            from and after January 2, 1947, also for the education of 
            such other minors who are Senate employees as may be 
            certified by the Secretary of the Senate to receive such 
            education. (Mar. 22, 1947, ch. 20, Title I, 61 Stat. 16; 
            Pub. L. 98-367, Title I, Sec. 103, July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 
            479; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(35), Aug. 20, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 1735.)
        283  Sec. 88b-1. Congressional pages.
            (a) Appointment conditions
                A person shall not be appointed as a page of the Senate 
            or House of Representatives--
                            (1) unless he agrees that, in the absence of 
                        unforeseen circumstances preventing his service 
                        as a page after his appointment, he will 
                        continue to serve as a page for a period 
                        specified in writing at the time of the 
                        appointment; and
                            (2) until complete information in writing is 
                        transmitted to his parent or parents, his legal 
                        guardian, or other appropriate person or persons 
                        acting as his parent or parents, with respect to 
                        the nature of the work of pages, their pay, 
                        their working conditions (including hours and 
                        scheduling of work), and the housing 
                        accommodations available to pages.
            (b) Qualifications
                A person shall not serve as a page--
                            (1) of the Senate before he has attained the 
                        age of fourteen years; or
                            (2) of the House of Representatives before 
                        he has attained the age of sixteen years.

            (Pub. L. 91-510, Title IV, Sec. 491(a)-(d), Oct. 26, 1970, 
            84 Stat. 1198; Pub. L. 97-51, Sec. 101(c), 123, Oct. 1, 
            1981, 95 Stat. 959, 965; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
            Sec. 204(36), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1735.)

                                    Codification
                Repeal of subsecs. (c) and (d) of this section is based 
            on section 304(a) of H.R. 4120, as reported July 9, 1981, 
            which was enacted into permanent law by section 101(c) of 
            Pub. L. 97-51 and amended by section 123 of Pub. L. 97-51.)
        284  Sec. 88b-7. Daniel Webster Senate Page Residence Revolving 
                Fund
            (a) Establishment.
                There is established in the Treasury of the United 
            States a revolving fund within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate to be known as the Daniel Webster Senate Page 
            Residence Revolving Fund (hereafter referred to in this 
            section as the ``fund''). The fund shall consist of all 
            rental payments and other moneys collected or received by 
            the Sergeant at Arms with regard to the Daniel Webster 
            Senate Page Residence. All moneys in the fund shall be 
            available without fiscal year limitation for disbursement by 
            the Secretary of the Senate in connection with operation and 
            maintenance of the Daniel Webster Senate Page Residence not 
            normally performed by the Architect of the Capitol. In 
            addition, such moneys may be used by the Sergeant at Arms to 
            purchase food and food related items and fund activities for 
            the pages.
            (b) Deposit of moneys
                All moneys received from rental payments and other 
            moneys (including donated moneys) collected or received by 
            the Sergeant at Arms with regard to the Daniel Webster 
            Senate Page Residence shall be deposited in the fund and 
            shall be available for purposes of this section.
            (c) Vouchers
                Disbursements from the fund shall be made upon vouchers 
            approved by the Sergeant at Arms, or the designee of the 
            Sergeant at Arms.
            (d) Regulations
                The Sergeant at Arms is authorized to prescribe such 
            regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions 
            of this section and to provide for the operations of the 
            Daniel Webster Senate Page Residence. (Pub. L. 103-283, 
            Title I, Sec. 4, July 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 1427; Pub. L. 104-
            53, Title I, Sec. 6, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 518.)
        285  Sec. 101. Subletting duties of employees of Senate or House 
                of Representatives.
                No employee of Congress, either in the Senate or House, 
            shall sublet to, or hire, another to do or perform any part 
            of the duties or work attached to the position to which he 
            was appointed. (Mar. 2, 1895, ch. 177, Sec. 1, 28 Stat. 
            771.)
        287  Sec. 102a. Withdrawal of unexpended balances of 
                appropriations.
                Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, the 
            unexpended balances of appropriations for the fiscal year 
            1955 and succeeding fiscal years which are subject to 
            disbursement by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief 
            Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives shall 
            be withdrawn as of June 30 of the second fiscal year 
            following the year for which provided, except that the 
            unexpended balances of such appropriations for the period 
            commencing on July 1, 1976, and ending on September 30, 
            1976, and for each fiscal year beginning on or after October 
            1, 1976, shall be withdrawn as of September 30 of the second 
            fiscal year following the period or year for which provided. 
            Unpaid obligations chargeable to any of the balances so 
            withdrawn or appropriations for prior years shall be 
            liquidated from any appropriations for the same general 
            purpose, which, at the time of payment, are available for 
            disbursement. (June 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85-58, 71 Stat. 190; 
            June 1, 1976, Pub. L. 94-303, Sec. 118, 90 Stat. 615; Pub. 
            L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204 (53), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 
            Stat. 1737.)
        288  Sec. 104a. Semiannual statements of expenditures by 
                Secretary of Senate and Chief Administrative Officer of 
                House.
                (1) Commencing with the semiannual period beginning on 
            July 1, 1964, and ending on December 31, 1964, and for each 
            semiannual period thereafter, the Secretary of the Senate 
            and the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of 
            Representatives shall compile, and, not later than sixty 
            days following the close of the semiannual period, submit to 
            the Senate and House of Representatives, respectively, and 
            make available to the public, in lieu of the reports and 
            information required by sections 102, 103, and 104 of this 
            title, and S. Res. 139, Eighty-sixth Congress, a report 
            containing a detailed statement, by items, of the manner in 
            which appropriations and other funds available for 
            disbursement by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief 
            Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, as 
            the case may be, have been expended during the semiannual 
            period covered by the report, including (1) the name of 
            every person to whom any part of such appropriation has been 
            paid, (2) if for anything furnished, the quantity and price 
            thereof, (3) if for services rendered, the nature of the 
            services, the time employed, and the name, title, and 
            specific amount paid to each person, and (4) a complete 
            statement of all amounts appropriated, received, or 
            expended, and any unexpended balances. Such reports shall 
            include the information contained in statements of 
            accountability and supporting vouchers submitted to the 
            General Accounting Office pursuant to the provisions of 
            section 3523(a) of title 31. Notwithstanding the foregoing 
            provisions of this section, in any case in which the voucher 
            or vouchers covering payment to any person for attendance as 
            a witness before any committee of the Senate or House of 
            Representatives, or any subcommittee thereof, during any 
            semiannual period, indicate that all appearances of such 
            person covered by such voucher or vouchers were as a witness 
            in executive session of the committee or subcommittee, 
            information regarding such payment, except for date of 
            payment, voucher number, and amount paid, shall not be 
            included in the report compiled pursuant to this subsection 
            for such semiannual period. Any information excluded from a 
            report for any semiannual period by reason of the foregoing 
            sentence shall be included in the report compiled pursuant 
            to this subsection for the succeeding semiannual period. 
            Reports required to be submitted to the Senate and the House 
            of Representatives under this section shall be printed as 
            Senate and House documents, respectively.
                (2) The report by the Secretary of the Senate under 
            paragraph (1) for the semiannual period beginning on January 
            1, 1976, shall include the period beginning on July 1, 1976, 
            and ending on September 30, 1976, and such semiannual period 
            shall be treated as closing on September 30, 1976. 
            Thereafter, the report by the Secretary of the Senate under 
            paragraph (1) shall be for the semiannual periods beginning 
            on October 1, and ending on March 31 and beginning on April 
            1 and ending on September 30 of each year.
                (3) The report requirement relating to quantity, as 
            contained in subparagraph (2) of paragraph (1), does not 
            apply with respect to the Senate.
                (4) Each report by the Secretary of the Senate required 
            by paragraph (1) shall contain a separate summary of Senate 
            accounts statement for each office of the Senate authorized 
            to obligate appropriated funds, including each Senator's 
            office, each officer of the Senate, and each committee of 
            the Senate. The summary of Senate accounts statement shall 
            include--
                            (A) the total amount of appropriations made 
                        available or allocated to the office;
                            (B) any supplemental appropriation, transfer 
                        of funds, or rescission and the effect of such 
                        action on the appropriation or allocation to the 
                        office;
                            (C) total expenses incurred for salary and 
                        office expenses; and
                            (D) the unexpended balance. (Pub. L. 88-454, 
                        Sec. 105(a), Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 550; Pub. 
                        L. 88-656, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1088; Pub. L. 
                        94-303, Title I, Sec. 118(b)(1), June 1, 1976, 
                        90 Stat. 615; Pub. L. 102-392, Title I, Sec. 6, 
                        Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1707; Pub. L. 103-283, 
                        Title I, Sec. 3(a), July 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 
                        1426; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(54), 
                        Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1738.)
        290  Sec. 105. Preparation and contents of statement of 
                appropriations.
                The statement of all appropriations made during each 
            session of Congress shall be prepared under the direction of 
            the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and House of 
            Representatives, and said statement shall contain a 
            chronological history of the regular appropriation bills 
            passed during the session for which it is prepared. The 
            statement shall indicate the amount of contracts authorized 
            by the appropriation Acts in addition to appropriations made 
            therein, and shall also contain specific reference to all 
            indefinite appropriations made each session and shall 
            contain such additional information concerning estimates and 
            appropriations as the committees may deem necessary. (Oct. 
            19, 1888, ch. 1210, Sec. 1, 25 Stat. 587; July 19, 1897, ch. 
            9, Sec. 1, 30 Stat. 136; June 7, 1924, ch. 303, Sec. 1, 43 
            Stat. 586.)
        291  Sec. 106. Stationery for Senate; advertisements for.
                The Secretary of the Senate shall annually advertise, 
            once a week for at least four weeks, in one or more of the 
            principal papers published in the District of Columbia, for 
            sealed proposals for supplying the Senate during the next 
            session of Congress with the necessary stationery. The 
            advertisement must describe the kind of stationery required, 
            and must require the proposals to be accompanied with 
            sufficient security for their performance. (R.S. Sec. 65, 
            66; Feb. 18, 1875, ch. 80, Sec. 1, 18 Stat. 316; Pub. L. 
            104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(55), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 
            1738.)
        292  Sec. 107. Opening bids for Senate and House stationery; 
                awarding contracts.
                All such proposals shall be kept sealed until the day 
            specified in such advertisement for opening the same, when 
            the same shall be opened in the presence of at least two 
            persons, and the contract shall be given to the lowest 
            bidder, provided he shall give satisfactory security to 
            perform the same, under a forfeiture not exceeding double 
            the contract price in case of failure; and in case the 
            lowest bidder shall fail to enter into such contract and 
            give such security, within a time to be fixed in such 
            advertisement, then the contract shall be given to the next 
            lowest bidder, who shall enter into such contract, and give 
            such security. And in case of failure by the person entering 
            into such contract to perform the same, he and his sureties 
            shall be liable for the forfeiture specified in such 
            contract, as liquidated damages, to be sued for in the name 
            of the United States. (R.S. Sec. 67; Feb. 18, 1875, ch. 80, 
            Sec. 1, 18 Stat. 316.)
        293  Sec. 108. Contracts for separate parts of stationery.
                Sections 106 and 107 of this title shall not prevent the 
            Secretary from contracting for separate parts of the 
            supplies of stationery required to be furnished. (R.S. 
            Sec. 68, Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(56), Aug. 20, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 1738.)
            Cross Reference
                See note under section 106 of this title (Senate Manual 
            section 291).
        294  Sec. 109. American goods to be preferred in purchases for 
                Senate and House of Representatives.
                The Secretary of the Senate and the Chief Administrative 
            Officer of the House of Representatives shall, in disbursing 
            the public moneys for the use of the two Houses, 
            respectively, purchase only articles the growth and 
            manufacture of the United States, provided the articles 
            required can be procured of such growth and manufacture upon 
            as good terms as to quality and price as are demanded for 
            like articles of foreign growth and manufacture. (R.S. 
            Sec. 69; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
            Sec. 204(57), 110 Stat. 1738.)
        295  Sec. 110. Purchase of paper, envelopes, etc., for stationery 
                rooms of Senate and House of Representatives.
                Paper, envelopes, and blank books required by the 
            stationery rooms of the Senate and House of Representatives 
            for sale to Senators and Members for official use may be 
            purchased from the Public Printer at actual cost thereof and 
            payment therefor shall be made before delivery. (June 5, 
            1920, ch. 253, Sec. 1, 41 Stat. 1036.)
        296  Sec. 111. Purchase of supplies for Senate and House of 
                Representatives.
                Supplies for use of the Senate and the House of 
            Representatives may be purchased in accordance with the 
            schedule of contract articles and prices of the 
            Administrator of General Services. (June 5, 1920, ch. 253, 
            Sec. 1, 41 Stat. 1036; June 10, 1933, Ex. Ord. No. 6166, 
            Sec. 1; June 30, 1949, ch. 288, Sec. 102, 63 Stat. 380.)
      296.1  Sec. 111a. Receipts from sales of items by Sergeant at Arms 
                and Doorkeeper of Senate, to Senators, etc., to be 
                credited to appropriation from which purchased.
                In any case in which appropriated funds are used by a 
            Senator or a committee or office of the Senate to purchase 
            from the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate items 
            which were purchased by him from the appropriation for 
            ``miscellaneous items'' under ``Contingent Expenses of the 
            Senate'' in any appropriation Act, the amounts received by 
            the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper shall be deposited in 
            the Treasury of the United States for credit to such 
            appropriation. This section does not apply to amounts 
            received from the sale of used or surplus furniture and 
            equipment. (Pub. L. 96-214, Mar. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 122.)
        297  Sec. 112. Purchases of stationery and materials for folding.
                Purchases of stationery and materials for folding shall 
            be made in accordance with sections 106-109 of this title.
                All contracts and bonds for purchases made under the 
            authority of this section shall be filed with the Committee 
            on Rules and Administration of the Senate. (Mar. 3, 1887, 
            ch. 392, Sec. 1, 24 Stat. 596; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 
            Sec. Sec. 102, 121, 60 Stat. 814, 822; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. 
            L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(58), 110 Stat. 1738.)
        298  Sec. 113. Detailed reports of receipts and expenditures by 
                Secretary of Senate and Chief Administrative Officer of 
                House of Representatives.\1\
                \1\ Superseded by section 105(a) of Pub. L. 88-454, Aug. 
                20, 1964, 78 Stat. 550, as amended. See Senate Manual 
                section 288.
                The Secretary of the Senate and the Chief Administrative 
            Officer of the House of Representatives, respectively, shall 
            report to Congress on the first day of each regular session, 
            and at the expiration of their terms of service, a full and 
            complete statement of all their receipts and expenditures as 
            such officers, showing in detail the items of expense, 
            classifying them under the proper appropriations, and also 
            showing the aggregate thereof, and exhibiting in a clear and 
            concise manner the exact condition of all public moneys by 
            them received, paid out, and remaining in their possession 
            as such officers. (R.S. Sec. 70; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. L. 104-
            186, Title II Sec. 204(60), 110 Stat. 1738.)
        299  Sec. 114. Fees for copies from Senate journals.
                The Secretary of the Senate is entitled, for 
            transcribing and certifying extracts from the Journal of the 
            Senate or the executive Journal of the Senate when the 
            injunction of secrecy has been removed, except when such 
            transcripts are required by an officer of the United States 
            in a matter relating to the duties of his office, to receive 
            from the persons for whom such transcripts are prepared the 
            sum of 10 cents for each sheet containing one hundred words. 
            (R.S. Sec. 71; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(61), Aug. 
            20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1738.)
        300  Sec. 117. Sale of waste paper and condemned furniture.
                It shall be the duty of the Secretary and Sergeant at 
            Arms of the Senate to cause to be sold all waste paper and 
            useless documents and condemned furniture that may 
            accumulate, in their respective departments or offices, 
            under the direction of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration of the Senate and cover the proceeds thereof 
            into the Treasury. (Aug. 7, 1882, ch. 433, Sec. 1, 22 Stat. 
            337; May 29, 1928, ch. 901, Sec. 1(122), 45 Stat. 995; Pub. 
            L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(62), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 
            1739.)
            117b. Disposal of used or surplus furniture and equipment.
                Effective October 1, 1981, the Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper of the Senate is authorized to dispose of used or 
            surplus furniture and equipment by trade-in or by sale 
            directly or through the General Services Administration. 
            Receipts from the sale of such furniture and equipment shall 
            be deposited in the United States Treasury for credit to the 
            appropriation for ``Miscellaneous Items'' under the heading 
            ``Contingent Expenses of the Senate''. (Oct. 1, 1981, Pub. 
            L. 97-51, Sec. 118, 95 Stat. 964.)
            Sec. 117b-1. Receipts from sale of used or surplus furniture 
                and furnishings of Senate.
                On and after October 1, 1982, receipts from the sale of 
            used or surplus furniture and finishings shall be deposited 
            in the United States Treasury for credit to the 
            appropriation for ``Senate Office Buildings'' under the 
            heading ``Architect of the Capitol.'' (Oct. 2, 1982, Pub. L. 
            97-276, Sec. 101(e), 96 Stat. 1189.)
      300.1  Sec. 117b-2. Transfer of excess or surplus educationally 
                useful equipment to public schools.
            (a) Authorization
                The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate may 
            directly, or through the General Services Administration, 
            transfer title to excess or surplus educationally useful 
            equipment to a public school. Any such transfer shall be 
            completed at the lowest possible cost to the public school 
            and the Senate.
            (b) Regulations
                The Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate 
            shall prescribe regulations to carry out the provisions of 
            this section.
            (c) Deposit of receipts
                Receipts from reimbursements for the costs of transfer 
            of excess or surplus educationally useful equipment under 
            this section, shall be deposited in the United States 
            Treasury for credit to the account for the ``Sergeant at 
            Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate'' within the contingent 
            fund of the Senate.
            (d) Definitions
                For the purposes of this section:
                            (1) The term ``public school'' means a 
                        public elementary or secondary school as such 
                        terms are defined in section 8801 of title 20.
                            (2) The term ``educationally useful 
                        equipment'' means computers and related 
                        peripheral tools, including printers, modems, 
                        routers, servers, computer keyboards, scanners, 
                        and other telecommunications and research 
                        equipment, that are appropriate for use in 
                        public school education.
            (e) Effective date
                This section shall take effect beginning with fiscal 
            year 1997 and shall be effective each fiscal year 
            thereafter. (Pub. L. 104-197, Title I, Sec. 5, Sept. 16, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 2397.)
        301  Sec. 118. Actions against officers for official acts.\1\
                \1\ Rule 69(b) of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 
                provides as to judgments against public officers.
                In any action brought against any person for or on 
            account of anything done by him while an officer of either 
            House of Congress in the discharge of his official duty, in 
            executing any order of such House, the United States 
            attorney for the district within which the action is 
            brought, on being thereto requested by the officer sued, 
            shall enter an appearance in behalf of such officer; and all 
            provisions of the eighth section of the Act of July 28, 
            1866, entitled ``An Act to protect the revenue, and for 
            other purposes'', and also all provisions of the sections of 
            former Acts therein referred to, so far as the same relate 
            to the removal of suits, the withholding of executions, and 
            the paying of judgments against revenue or other officers of 
            the United States, shall become applicable to such action 
            and to all proceedings and matters whatsoever connected 
            therewith, and the defense of such action shall thenceforth 
            be conducted under the supervision and direction of the 
            Attorney General. (Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 130, Sec. 8, 18 Stat. 
            401; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 909.)
      301.5  Sec. 118a. Officers of Senate.
                Section 118 of this title shall not apply to officers of 
            the Senate. (Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, Sec. 714(d), Oct. 
            26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1884.)
        302  Sec. 119. Stationery rooms of House and Senate; 
                specifications of classes of articles purchasable.
                The Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
            Representatives and the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration of the Senate, respectively, shall make and 
            issue regulations specifying the classes of articles which 
            may be purchased by or through the stationery rooms of the 
            House and Senate. (May 13, 1926, ch. 294, Sec. 2, 44 Stat. 
            552; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, Sec. Sec. 102, 121, 60 Stat. 
            814, 822; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
            Sec. 204(65), 110 Stat. 1739.)
        304  Sec. 121. Senate restaurant for deficit fund; deposits of 
                proceeds from surcharge on orders.
                The Committee on Rules and Administration of the United 
            States Senate is authorized and directed hereafter to add a 
            minimum of 10 per centum to each order in excess of 10 cents 
            served in the Senate restaurants and 20 per centum to all 
            orders served outside of said restaurants, and the proceeds 
            accruing therefrom shall be placed in a fund to be used in 
            the payment of any deficit incurred in the management of 
            such kitchens and restaurants. (May 18, 1937, ch. 223, 
            Sec. 1, 50 Stat. 173; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, Sec. 102, 60 
            Stat. 814.)
            Cross Reference
                For jurisdiction over, and management of, Senate 
            restaurants, see section 174j-1 of title 40, United States 
            Code (Senate Manual section 518).
      304.5  Sec. 12lb-1. Senate Hair Care Services; personnel; revolving 
                fund.
                (a) The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate is 
            authorized to appoint and fix the compensation of such 
            employees as may be necessary to operate Senate Hair Care 
            Services.
                (b) There is established in the Treasury of the United 
            States within the contingent fund of the Senate a revolving 
            fund to be known as the Senate Hair Care Services Revolving 
            Fund (hereafter in this section referred to as the 
            ``revolving fund'').
                (c)(1) All moneys received by Senate Hair Care Services 
            from fees for services or from any other source shall be 
            deposited in the revolving fund.
                (2) Moneys in the revolving fund shall be available 
            without fiscal year limitation for disbursement by the 
            Secretary of the Senate--
                            (A) for the payment of salaries and agency 
                        contributions of employees of Senate Hair Care 
                        Services; and
                            (B) for necessary supplies, equipment, and 
                        other expenses of Senate Hair Care Services.
                (3) The provisions of section 193(d) of title 40, except 
            for the provisions relating to solicitation, shall not apply 
            to any activity carried out pursuant to this section, 
            subject to approval of such activities by the Committee on 
            Rules and Administration.
                (d) Disbursements from the revolving fund shall be made 
            upon vouchers signed by the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper 
            of the Senate, except that vouchers shall not be required 
            for the disbursement of salaries paid at an annual rate.
                (e) At the direction of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration, the Secretary of the Senate shall withdraw 
            from the revolving fund and deposit in the Treasury of the 
            United States as miscellaneous receipts all moneys in the 
            revolving fund that the Committee may determine are in 
            excess of the current and reasonably foreseeable needs of 
            Senate Hair Care Services.
                (f) The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate 
            are authorized to prescribe such regulations as may be 
            necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, 
            subject to the approval of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration.
                (g) There is transferred to the revolving fund 
            established by this section any unobligated balance in the 
            fund established by section 121a of this title on the 
            effective date of this section.
                (h) Omitted.
                (i) This section shall be effective on and after October 
            1, 1998, or 30 days after the enactment of this Act (October 
            21, 1998), whichever is later.

            (Pub. L. 105-275, Title I, Sec. 6, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 
            2434; Pub. L. 106-57, Title I, Sec. 4, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 
            Stat. 412.)

      304.7  Sec. 121c. Office of Senate Health Promotion.
            (a) Establishment
                The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate is 
            authorized to establish an Office of Senate Health 
            Promotion.
            (b) Fees, assessments, and charges
                (1) In carrying out this section, the Sergeant at Arms 
            and Doorkeeper of the Senate is authorized to establish, or 
            provide for the establishment of, exercise classes and other 
            health services and activities on a continuing and regular 
            basis. In providing for such classes, services, and 
            activities, the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate is authorized to impose and collect fees, 
            assessments, and other charges to defray the costs involved 
            in promoting the health of Members, officers, and employees 
            of the Senate. For purposes of this section, the term 
            ``employees of the Senate'' shall have such meaning as the 
            Sergeant at Arms, by regulation, may prescribe.
                (2) All fees, assessments, and charges imposed and 
            collected by the Sergeant at Arms pursuant to paragraph (1) 
            shall be deposited in the revolving fund established 
            pursuant to subsection (c) of this section and shall be 
            available for purposes of this section.
            (c) Senate Health Promotion Revolving Fund
                There is established in the Treasury of the United 
            States a revolving fund within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate to be known as the Senate Health Promotion Revolving 
            Fund (hereinafter referred to in this section as the 
            ``fund''). The fund shall consist of all amounts collected 
            or received by the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate as fees, assessments, and other charges for 
            activities and services to carry out the provisions of this 
            section. All moneys in the fund shall be available without 
            fiscal year limitation for disbursement by the Secretary of 
            the Senate for promoting the health of Members, officers, 
            and employees of the Senate. On or before December 31 of 
            each year, the Secretary of the Senate shall withdraw from 
            the fund and deposit in the Treasury of the United States as 
            miscellaneous receipts all moneys in excess of $5,000 in the 
            fund at the close of the preceding fiscal year.
            (d) Vouchers
                Disbursements from the revolving fund shall be made upon 
            vouchers signed by the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of 
            the Senate.
            (e) Inapplicability of provisions prohibiting sales, 
                advertisements, or solicitations in Capitol grounds
                The provisions of section 193d of title 40 shall not be 
            applicable to any class, service, or other activity carried 
            out pursuant to the provisions of this section.
            (f) Regulations
                The provisions of this section shall be carried out in 
            accordance with regulations which shall be promulgated by 
            the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate and 
            subject to approval at the beginning of each Congress by the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate. (Pub. 
            L. 101-163, Title I, Sec. 4, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1044; 
            Pub. L. 102-90, Sec. 2, Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 450.)
      304.8  Sec. 121d. Senate Gift Shop.
            (a) Establishment
                The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to establish a 
            Senate Gift Shop for the purpose of providing for the sale 
            of gift items to Members of the Senate, staff, and the 
            general public.
            (b) Deposit of receipts
                All moneys received from sales and other services by the 
            Senate Gift Shop shall be deposited in the revolving fund 
            established by subsection (c) of this section and shall be 
            available for purposes of this section.
            (c) Revolving fund
                There is established in the Treasury of the United 
            States a revolving fund within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate to be known as the Senate Gift Shop Revolving Fund 
            (hereafter referred to in this section as the ``fund''). The 
            fund shall consist of all amounts collected or received by 
            the Secretary of the Senate from sales and services by the 
            Senate Gift Shop. All moneys in the fund shall be available 
            without fiscal year limitation for disbursement by the 
            Secretary of the Senate in connection with the operation of 
            the Senate Gift Shop, including supplies, equipment, and 
            other expenses. In addition, such moneys may be used by the 
            Secretary of the Senate to reimburse the Senate 
            appropriations account, appropriated under the heading 
            ``Salaries, Officers and Employees'' and ``Office of the 
            Secretary'', for amounts used from such account to pay the 
            salaries of employees of the Senate Gift Shop.
            (d) Exception to prohibition of sale or solicitation on 
                Capitol Grounds
                The provisions of section 193d of title 40 shall not be 
            applicable to any activity carried out pursuant to this 
            section.
            (e) Transfer of moneys from Stationery Revolving Fund
                To provide capital for the fund, the Secretary of the 
            Senate is authorized to transfer, from moneys in the 
            Stationery Revolving Fund in the contingent fund of the 
            Senate, to the fund such sum as he may determine necessary, 
            not to exceed $300,000.
            (f) Authorization to expend from appropriations account for 
                initial expenses
                For the purpose of acquiring supplies, equipment, and 
            meeting other initial expenses in implementing subsection 
            (a) of this section, the Secretary of the Senate is 
            authorized, upon October 6, 1992, to expend, from moneys 
            appropriated to the appropriations account, within the 
            contingent fund of the Senate, for expenses of the Secretary 
            of the Senate, by the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 
            1991, such amounts as may be necessary to carry out this 
            section.
            (g) Disbursement on approved voucher
                Disbursements from the fund shall be made upon vouchers 
            approved by the Secretary of the Senate, or his designee.
            (h) Regulations
                The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to prescribe 
            such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the 
            provisions of this section. (Pub. L. 102-392, Title I, 
            Sec. 2, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1706.)
      304.9  Sec. 121e. Payment of fees for services of Attending 
                Physician and for use of Senate health and fitness 
                facilities.
            (a) Regulations
                The Senate Committee on Rules and Administration shall 
            promulgate regulations--
                            (1) pertaining to the services provided by 
                        the Attending Physician and the operation and 
                        use of the Senate health and fitness facilities; 
                        and
                            (2) requiring the payment of fees for 
                        services received from the Attending Physician 
                        and for the use of the Senate health and fitness 
                        facilities pursuant to such regulations.
            (b) Withholding of fees from salary
                The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to withhold 
            fees from the salary of an individual authorized by such 
            regulations to receive such services from the Attending 
            Physician and to use the Senate health and fitness 
            facilities.
            (c) Deposit in General Fund
                The Secretary of the Senate shall remit all fees 
            required by subsection (a)(2) of this section that are 
            collected pursuant to subsection (b) of this section or by 
            direct payment to the General Fund of the Treasury as 
            miscellaneous receipts unless otherwise provided by law.
            (d) Effective date
                The provision of this section shall take effect on April 
            9, 1992. (Pub. L. 102-392, Title III, Sec. 314, Oct. 6, 
            1992, 106 Stat. 1723.)
        305  Sec. 123b. House Recording Studio; Senate Recording Studio 
                and Senate Photographic Studio.
            (a) Establishment
                There is established the House Recording Studio, the 
            Senate Recording Studio, and the Senate Photographic Studio.
            (b) Assistance in making disk, film, and tape recordings; 
                exclusiveness of use
                The House Recording Studio shall assist Members of the 
            House of Representatives in making disk, film, and tape 
            recordings, and in performing such other functions and 
            duties in connection with the making of such recordings as 
            may be necessary. The Senate Recording Studio and the Senate 
            Photographic Studio shall assist Members of the Senate and 
            committees of the Senate in making disk, film, and tape 
            recordings, and in performing such other functions and 
            duties in connection with the making of such recordings as 
            may be necessary. The House Recording Studio shall be for 
            the exclusive use of Members of the House of Representatives 
            (including the Delegates and the Resident Commissioner from 
            Puerto Rico); the Senate Recording Studio and the Senate 
            Photographic Studio shall be for the exclusive use of 
            Members of the Senate, the Vice President, committees of the 
            Senate, the Secretary of the Senate, and the Sergeant at 
            Arms of the Senate.
            (c) Operation of studios
                The House Recording Studio shall be operated by the 
            Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives 
            under the direction and control of a committee which is 
            created (hereinafter referred to as the committee) composed 
            of three Members of the House. Two members of the committee 
            shall be from the majority party and one member shall be 
            from the minority party, to be appointed by the Speaker. The 
            committee is authorized to issue such rules and regulations 
            relating to operation of the House Recording Studio as it 
            may deem necessary.
                The Senate Recording Studio and the Senate Photographic 
            Studio shall be operated by the Sergeant at Arms of the 
            Senate under the direction and control of the Committee on 
            Rules and Administration of the Senate. The Committee on 
            Rules and Administration is authorized to issue such rules 
            and regulations relating to operation of the Senate 
            Recording Studio and the Senate Photographic Studio as it 
            may deem necessary.
            (d) Prices of disk, film, and tape recordings; collection of 
                moneys
                The Chief Administrative Officer of the House of 
            Representatives shall, subject to the approval of the 
            committee, set the price of making disk, film, and tape 
            recordings, and collect all moneys owed the House Recording 
            Studio. The Committee on Rules and Administration of the 
            Senate shall set the price of making disk, film, and tape 
            recordings and all moneys owed the Senate Recording Studio 
            and the Senate Photographic Studio shall be collected by the 
            Sergeant at Arms of the Senate.
            (e) Restrictions on expenditures
                No moneys shall be expended or obligated for the House 
            Recording Studio except as shall be pursuant to such 
            regulations as the committee may approve. No moneys shall be 
            expended or obligated by the Director of the Senate 
            Recording Studio or the Director of the Senate Photographic 
            Studio until approval therefor has been obtained from the 
            Sergeant at Arms of the Senate.
            (f) Appointment of Director and other employees of House 
                Recording Studio
                The Chief Administrative Officer of the House of 
            Representatives is authorized, subject to the approval of 
            the committee, to appoint a Director of the House Recording 
            Studio and such other employees as are deemed necessary to 
            the operation of the House Recording Studio.
            (g) Revolving funds
                There is established in the Treasury of the United 
            States, a revolving fund for the House Recording Studio for 
            the purposes of administering the duties of that studio. 
            There is also established in the Treasury of the United 
            States a revolving fund, within the contingent fund of the 
            Senate, which shall be known as the ``Senate Photographic 
            Studio Revolving Fund'', for the purpose of administering 
            the duties of the Senate Photographic Studio; and there is 
            established in the Treasury of the United States, a 
            revolving fund, within the contingent fund of the Senate, 
            which shall be known as the ``Senate Recording Studio 
            Revolving Fund'', for the purpose of administering the 
            duties of the Senate Recording Studio.
            (h) Deposits in funds; availability of funds
                All moneys received by the House Recording Studio from 
            Members of the House of Representatives for disk, film, or 
            tape recordings, or from any other source, shall be 
            deposited by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House 
            of Representatives in the revolving fund established for the 
            House Recording Studio by subsection (g) of this section; 
            moneys in such fund shall be available for disbursement 
            therefrom by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House 
            of Representatives for the care, maintenance, operation, and 
            other expenses of the studio upon vouchers signed and 
            approved in such manner as the committee shall prescribe. 
            All moneys received by the Senate Recording Studio shall be 
            deposited in the Senate Recording Studio Revolving Fund 
            established by subsection (g) of this section and all funds 
            received by the Senate Photographic Studio shall be 
            deposited in the Senate Photographic Studio Revolving Fund 
            established by such subsection; moneys in the Senate 
            Recording Studio Revolving Fund shall be available for 
            disbursement therefrom upon vouchers signed by the Sergeant 
            at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate for the care, 
            maintenance, operation, and other expenses of the Senate 
            Recording Studio, and moneys in the Senate Photographic 
            Studio Revolving Fund shall be available for disbursement 
            therefrom upon vouchers signed by the Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper of the Senate for the care, maintenance, 
            operation, and other expenses of the Senate Photographic 
            Studio.
            (i) Distribution of equity of Joint Senate and House 
                Recording Facility Revolving Fund; assignment of 
                existing studio facilities, equipment, materials and 
                supplies; transfer of accounts; reserve fund; 
                distribution of balance
                (1) As soon as practicable after June 27, 1956, but no 
            later than September 30, 1956, the equity of the Joint 
            Senate and House Recording Facility Revolving Fund shall be 
            distributed equally to the Senate and House of 
            Representatives on the basis of an audit to be made by the 
            General Accounting Office.
                (2) The Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and the Clerk of 
            the House of Representatives shall, subject to the approval 
            of the committees mentioned in subsection (c) of this 
            section, determine the assignment of existing studio 
            facilities to the Senate and the House of Representatives, 
            and also the existing equipment, materials and supplies to 
            be transferred to the respective studios. The evaluation of 
            equipment, materials and supplies transferred to each studio 
            shall be on the basis of market value. Any other equipment, 
            materials and supplies determined to be obsolete or not 
            needed for the operation of the respective studio shall be 
            disposed of to the best interest of the Government and the 
            proceeds thereof deposited in the Joint Senate and House 
            Recording Facility Revolving Fund.
                (3) Accounts receivable, which on the effective date of 
            liquidation, are due from Members and committees of the 
            Senate shall be transferred to the Senate Studio, and those 
            due from Members and committees of the House of 
            Representatives shall be transferred to the House Studio.
                (4) A sufficient reserve shall be set aside from the 
            Joint Senate and House Recording Facility Revolving Fund to 
            liquidate any outstanding accounts payable.
                (5) After appropriate adjustments for the value of 
            assets assigned or transferred to the Senate and House of 
            Representatives, respectively, the balance in the Joint 
            Senate and House Recording Facility Revolving Fund shall be 
            distributed equally to the Senate and House of 
            Representatives for deposit to the respective revolving 
            funds authorized by this section.
            (j) Availability of existing services and facilities
                Pending acquisition of the stock, supplies, materials, 
            and equipment necessary to properly equip both studios, the 
            present services and facilities shall be made available to 
            both studios in order that each studio may carry out its 
            duty.
            (k) Restrictions on employment
                No person shall be an officer or employee of the House 
            Recording Studio, Senate Recording Studio, or Senate 
            Photographic Studio while he is engaged in any other 
            business, profession, occupation, or employment which 
            involves the performance of duties which are similar to 
            those which would be performed by him as such an officer or 
            employee of such studio unless approved in writing by the 
            committee in the case of the House Recording Studio and the 
            Senate Committee on Rules and Administration in the case of 
            the Senate Recording Studio and the Senate Photographic 
            Studio.
            (l) Abolition of Joint Recording Facility positions and 
                salaries
                The Joint Recording Facility positions and salaries 
            established pursuant to the Legislative Branch Appropriation 
            Act, 1948, and all subsequent Acts are abolished.
            (m) Repeals
                Effective with the completion of the transfer provided 
            for by subsection (i) of this section the joint resolution 
            entitled ``Joint resolution establishing in the Treasury of 
            the United States a revolving fund within the contingent 
            fund of the House of Representatives'', approved August 7, 
            1953, is repealed.
            (n) Repealed. Pub. L. 92-310, Title II, Sec. 220(j), June 6, 
                1972, 86 Stat. 205
            (o) Authorization of appropriations.
                Such sums as may be necessary to carry out the 
            provisions of this section are authorized to be 
            appropriated. (June 27, 1956, ch. 453, Sec. 105, 70 Stat. 
            370; Pub. L. 88-652, Sec. 16(a), Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 
            1084; Pub. L. 92-310, Title II, Sec. 220(j), June 6, 1972, 
            86 Stat. 205; Pub. L. 96-304, Title I, Sec. 108(a), July 8, 
            1980, 94 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 97-257, Title I, Sec. 102, Sept. 
            10, 1982, 96 Stat. 849; Pub. L. 101-520, Title I, Sec. 7(a), 
            (c), (d), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2258, 2259; Pub. L. 104-
            186, Title II, Sec. 204(68), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1740.)
     305.17  Sec. 123b-1. Senate Recording Studio Senate and Photographic 
                Studio as successors to Senate Recording and 
                Photographic Studios; rules, regulations, and fees for 
                photographs and photographic services.
                (a) The entity, in the Senate, known (prior to Apr. 1, 
            1991) as the `Senate Recording and Photographic Studios' is 
            abolished, and there is established in its stead the 
            following two entities: the `Senate Recording Studio', and 
            the `Senate Photographic Studio'; and there are transferred, 
            from the entity known (prior to Apr. 1, 1991) as the `Senate 
            Recording and Photographic Studios' to the `Senate Recording 
            Studio' all personnel, equipment, supplies, and funds which 
            are available for, relate to, or are utilized in connection 
            with, recording, and to the `Senate Photographic Studio' all 
            personnel, equipment, supplies, and funds which are 
            available for, relate to, or are utilized in connection with 
            photography.
                (b)(1) The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate 
            shall, subject to the approval of the majority and minority 
            leaders, promulgate rules and regulations, and establish 
            fees, for provision of photographs and photographic services 
            to be furnished by the Photographic Studio.
                (2) Omitted. (July 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-304, Title I, 
            Sec. 108, 94 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 101-520, Title I, Sec. 7(d), 
            Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2259.)
     305.20  Sec. 123c. Data processing equipment, software, & services.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Sergeant 
            at Arms, subject to the approval of the Committee on Rules 
            and Administration, is hereafter authorized to enter into 
            multi-year contracts for data processing equipment, 
            software, and services. (June 12, 1975, Pub. L. 94-32, Title 
            I, Sec. 101, 89 Stat. 182; May 4, 1977, Pub. L. 95-26, Title 
            I, Sec. 103, 91 Stat. 82.)
  305.20-1  Sec. 123c-1. Computer programming services, advance 
                payments.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Sergeant 
            at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate, subject to the 
            approval of the Committee on Rules and Administration, is on 
            and after July 6, 1981, authorized to enter into contracts 
            which provide for the making of advance payments for 
            computer programming services. (Pub. L. 97-20, July 6, 1981, 
            95 Stat. 104.)
     305.21  Sec. 123d. Senate Computer Center.
            (a) Senate Computer Center Revolving Fund
                (1) There is hereby established in the Treasury of the 
            United States a revolving fund within the contingent fund of 
            the Senate to be known as the Senate Computer Center 
            Revolving Fund (hereafter in this section referred to as the 
            ``revolving fund'').
                (2) The revolving fund shall be available only for 
            paying the salaries of personnel employed under subsection 
            (c) of this section, and agency contributions attributable 
            thereto, and for paying refunds under contracts entered into 
            under subsection (b) of this section.
                (3) Within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, 
            the Secretary of the Senate shall withdraw all amounts in 
            the revolving fund in excess of $100,000, other than amounts 
            required to make refunds under subsection (b)(2)(B) of this 
            section, and shall deposit the amounts withdrawn in the 
            Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts.
            (b) Contracts for use of Senate computer; approval; terms
                (1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2), the 
            Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate is authorized 
            to enter into contracts with any agency or instrumentality 
            of the legislative branch for the use of any available time 
            on the Senate computer.
                (2) No contract may be entered into under paragraph (1) 
            unless it has been approved by the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration of the Senate, and no such contract may 
            extend beyond the end of the fiscal year in which it is 
            entered into. Each contract entered into under paragraph (1) 
            shall contain--
                            (A) a provision requiring full advance 
                        payment for the amount of time contracted for, 
                        and
                            (B) a provision requiring reftmd of a 
                        proportionate amount of such advance payment if 
                        the total amount of time contracted for is not 
                        used.

            Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any agency or 
            instrumentality of the legislative branch is authorized to 
            make advance payments under a contract entered into under 
            paragraph (1).

            (c) Additional personnel
                To the extent that the personnel of the Senate Computer 
            Center are unable to carry out the contracts entered into 
            under subsection (b) of this section according to their 
            terms and conditions, the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of 
            the Senate is authorized to employ such additional personnel 
            for the Senate Computer Center as may be necessary to carry 
            out such contracts, and to pay the salaries of such 
            additional personnel, and agency contributions attributable 
            thereto, from the revolving fund. Such additional personnel 
            may temporarily be assigned to perform the regular functions 
            of the Senate Computer Center when their services are not 
            needed to carry out such contracts.
            (d) Disbursements
                Disbursements from the revolving fimd under subsections 
            (b) and (c) of this section shall be made upon vouchers 
            signed by the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate, 
            except that vouchers shall not be required for the 
            disbursement of salaries of employees paid at an annual 
            rate. (June 1, 1976, Pub. L. 94-303, Title I, Sec. 116, 90 
            Stat. 614.)
     305.22  Sec. 123e. Senate legislative information system.
            (a) Development and implementation by Secretary of Senate
                The Secretary of the Senate, with the oversight and 
            approval of the Committee on Rules and Administration of the 
            Senate, shall oversee the development and implementation of 
            a comprehensive Senate legislative information system.
            (b) Cooperative effort
                In carrying out this section, the Secretary of the 
            Senate shall consult and work with officers and employees of 
            the House of Representatives. Legislative branch agencies 
            and departments and agencies of the executive branch shall 
            provide cooperation, consultation, and assistance as 
            requested by the Secretary of the Senate to carry out this 
            section.
            (c) Funding
                Any funds that were appropriated under the heading 
            ``Secretary of the Senate'' for expenses of the Office of 
            the Secretary of the Senate by the Legislative Branch 
            Appropriations Act, 1995, to remain available until 
            September 30, 1998, and that the Secretary determines are 
            not needed for development of a financial management system 
            for the Senate may, with the approval of the Committee on 
            Appropriations of the Senate, be used to carry out the 
            provisions of this section, and such funds shall be 
            available through September 30, 2000.
            (d) Regulations
                The Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate 
            may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry 
            out the provisions of this section.
            (e) Effective date
                This section shall be effective for fiscal years 
            beginning on or after October 1, 1996. (Pub. L. 104-197, 
            Title I, Sec. 8, Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2398.)
        306  Sec. 125a. Death gratuity payments as gifts.
                Any death gratuity payment at any time specifically 
            appropriated by any Act of Congress or at any time made out 
            of the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives 
            or the contingent fund of the Senate shall be held to have 
            been a gift. (June 5, 1952, ch. 369, Ch. I, 66 Stat. 101; 
            Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 203(6), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 
            Stat. 1725.)
      307.1  Sec. 126-2. Designation of reporters.
                The reporters of debates in the office of the Secretary 
            of the Senate are hereby designated the official reporters 
            of debates of the Senate. (Pub. L. 89-545, Sec. 101, Aug. 
            27, 1966, 80 Stat. 354.)
      307.2  Sec. 126b. Substitute reporters of debates and expert 
                transcribers; temporary reporters of debates and expert 
                transcribers; payments from Senate contingent fund.
                The Secretary of the Senate is on and after June 5, 
            1981, authorized to employ, by contract or otherwise, 
            substitute reporters of debates and expert transcribers at 
            daily rates of compensation, or temporary reporters of 
            debates and expert transcribers at annual rates of 
            compensation; no temporary reporters of debates or expert 
            transcribers may be employed under authority of this 
            provision for more than ninety days in any fiscal year; and 
            payments made under authority of this section shall be made 
            from the contingent fund of the Senate upon vouchers 
            approved by the Secretary of the Senate. (Pub. L. 89-90, 
            Sec. 101, July 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 266; June 5, 1981, Pub. L. 
            97-12, Sec. 105, 95 Stat. 61.)
        310  Sec. 130a. Nonpay status for Congressional employees 
                studying under Congressional staff fellowships.
                (a) With respect to each employee of the Senate or House 
            of Representatives 
                            (1) whose compensation is disbursed by the 
                        Secretary of the Senate or the Chief 
                        Administrative Officer of the House of 
                        Representatives, and
                            (2) who, on or after January 1, 1963 shall 
                        have been separated from employment with the 
                        Senate or House of Representatives in order to 
                        pursue certain studies under a congressional 
                        staff fellowship awarded by the American 
                        Political Science Association,

            the period of time covered by such fellowship shall be held 
            and considered to be service (in a nonpay status) in 
            employment with the Senate or House of Representatives, as 
            the case may be, at the rate of compensation received 
            immediately prior to separation (including any increases in 
            compensation provided by law during the period covered by 
            such fellowship) for the purposes of the provisions of law 
            specified in subsection (b) of this section, if the award of 
            such fellowship to such employee is certified to the 
            Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer 
            of the House of Representatives, as appropriate, by the 
            appointing authority concerned or, in the event of the death 
            or disability of such appointing authority, is established 
            to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Senate or the 
            Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives 
            by records or other evidence.

                (b) The provisions of law referred to in subsection (a) 
            of this section are--
                            (1) subchapter III (relating to civil 
                        service retirement) of chapter 83 of title 5;
                            (2) chapter 87 (relating to Federal 
                        employees group life insurance) of title 5; and
                            (3) chapter 89 (relating to Federal 
                        employees group health insurance) of title 5. 
                        (Pub. L. 89-379, Mar. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 94; 
                        Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(73), Aug. 
                        20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1741.)
        311  Sec. 130b. Jury and witness service by employees of the 
                Senate and the House.
                (a) For purposes of this section--
                            (1) ``employee'' means any individual whose 
                        pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate 
                        or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House 
                        of Representatives; and
                            (2) ``court of the United States'' has the 
                        meaning given it by section 451 of title 28, and 
                        includes the United States District Court for 
                        the District of the Canal Zone, the District 
                        Court of Guam, and the District Court of the 
                        Virgin Islands.
                (b) The pay of an employee shall not be reduced during a 
            period of absence with respect to which the employee is 
            summoned (and permitted to respond to such summons by the 
            appropriate authority of the House of the Congress 
            disbursing his pay), in connection with a judicial 
            proceeding by a court or authority responsible for the 
            conduct of that proceeding, to serve--
                            (1) as a juror; or
                            (2) other than as provided in subsection (c) 
                        of this section, as a witness on behalf of any 
                        party in connection with any judicial proceeding 
                        to which the United States, the District of 
                        Columbia, or a State or local government is a 
                        party;

            in the District of Columbia, a State, territory, or 
            possession of the United States including the Commonwealth 
            of Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, or the Trust Territory of 
            the Pacific Islands. For purposes of this subsection, 
            ``judicial proceeding'' means any action, suit, or other 
            judicial proceeding, including any condemnation, 
            preliminary, informational, or other proceeding of a 
            judicial nature, but does not include an administrative 
            proceeding.

                (c) An employee is performing official duty during the 
            period with respect to which he is summoned (and is 
            authorized to respond to such summons by the House of the 
            Congress disbursing his pay), or is assigned by such House, 
            to--
                            (1) testify or produce official records on 
                        behalf of the United States or the District of 
                        Columbia; or
                            (2) testify in his official capacity or 
                        produce official records on behalf of a party 
                        other than the United States or the District of 
                        Columbia.
                (d)(1) An employee may not receive fees for service--
                            (A) as juror in a court of the United States 
                        or the District of Columbia; or
                            (B) as a witness on behalf of the United 
                        States or the District of Columbia.
                (2) If an employee receives an amount (other than travel 
            expenses) for service as a juror or witness during a period 
            in which his pay may not be reduced under subsection (b) of 
            this section, or for which he is performing official duty 
            under subsection (c) of this section, the employee shall 
            remit such amount to the officer who disburses the pay of 
            the employee, which amount shall be covered into the general 
            fund of the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.
                (e)(1) An employee summoned (and authorized to respond 
            to such summons by the House of the Congress disbursing his 
            pay), or assigned by such House, to testify or produce 
            official records on behalf of the United States is entitled 
            to travel expenses. If the case involves an activity in 
            connection with which he is employed, the travel expenses 
            shall be paid from funds otherwise available for the payment 
            of travel expenses of such House in accordance with travel 
            regulations of that House. If the case does not involve such 
            an activity, the department, agency, or independent 
            establishment of the United States on whose behalf he is so 
            testifying or producing records shall pay to the employee 
            his travel expenses out of appropriations otherwise 
            available, and in accordance with regulation applicable, to 
            that department, agency, or independent establishment for 
            the payment of travel expenses.
                (2) An employee summoned (and permitted to respond to 
            such summons by the House of the Congress disbursing his 
            pay), or assigned by such House, to testify in his official 
            capacity or produce official records on behalf of a party 
            other than the United States, is entitled to travel 
            expenses, unless any travel expenses are paid to the 
            employee for his appearance by the court, authority, or 
            party which caused him to be summoned.
                (f) The Committee on Rules and Administration of the 
            Senate and the Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
            Representatives are authorized to prescribe, for employees 
            of their respective Houses, such rules and regulations as 
            may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this 
            section.
                (g) No provision of this section shall be construed to 
            confer the consent of either House of the Congress to the 
            production of official records of that House or to testimony 
            by an employee of the House concerning activities related to 
            his employment. (Dec. 19, 1970, Pub. L. 91-563, Sec. 6, 84 
            Stat. 1478; June 15, 1976, Pub. L. 94-310, Sec. 2, 90 Stat. 
            687; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 204(74), (75), Aug. 20, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 1741.)
        312  Sec. 130c. Waiver by Secretary of the Senate of claims of 
                United States arising out of erroneous payments to Vice 
                President, Senator, or Senate employee paid by the 
                Secretary of the Senate.
            (a) Waiver of claim for erroneous payment of pay or 
                allowances
                A claim of the United States against a person arising 
            out of an erroneous payment of any pay or allowances, other 
            than travel and transportation expenses and allowances, on 
            or after July 25, 1974, to the Vice President, a Senator, or 
            to an officer or employee whose pay is disbursed by the 
            Secretary of the Senate, the collection of which would be 
            against equity and good conscience and not in the best 
            interests of the United States, may be waived in whole or in 
            part by the Secretary of the Senate. An application for 
            waiver shall be investigated by the Financial Clerk of the 
            Senate who shall submit a written report of his 
            investigation to the Secretary of the Senate. An application 
            for waiver of a claim in an amount aggregating more than 
            $1,500 may also be investigated by the Comptroller General 
            of the United States who shall submit a written report of 
            his investigation to the Secretary of the Senate.
            (b) Prohibition of waiver
                The Secretary of the Senate may not exercise his 
            authority under this section to waive any claim--
                            (1) if, in his opinion, there exists, in 
                        connection with the claim, an indication of 
                        fraud, misrepresentation, fault, or lack of good 
                        faith on the part of the Vice President, the 
                        Senator, the officer or employee, or any other 
                        person having an interest in obtaining a waiver 
                        of the claim; or
                            (2) if the application for waiver is 
                        received in his office after the expiration of 3 
                        years immediately following the date on which 
                        the erroneous payment of pay or allowances was 
                        discovered.
            (c) Credit for waiver
                In the audit and settlement of accounts of any 
            accountable officer or official, full credit shall be given 
            for any amounts with respect to which collection by the 
            United States is waived under this section.
            (d) Effect of waiver
                An erroneous payment, the collection of which is waived 
            under this section, is deemed a valid payment for all 
            purposes.
            (e) Construction with other laws
                This section does not affect any authority under any 
            other law to litigate, settle, compromise, or waive any 
            claim of the United States.
            (f) Rules and regulations
                The Secretary of the Senate shall promulgate rules and 
            regulations to carry out the provisions of this section. 
            (Pub. L. 93-359, Sec. 2, July 25, 1974, 88 Stat. 394; Pub. 
            L. 103-69, Title III, Sec. 315, Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 
            713; Pub. L. 104-316, Title I, Sec. 102(b), Oct. 19, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 3828.)
        313  Sec. 130e. Special Services Office.
                There is established, as a joint office of Congress, the 
            Special Services Office, which (under the supervision and 
            control of a board, to be known as the Special Services 
            Board, comprised of the Sergeant at Arms of the House of 
            Representatives, the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
            Senate, and the Architect of the Capitol) shall provide 
            special services to Members of Congress, and to officers, 
            employees, and guests of Congress. (Pub. L. 101-163, Title 
            III, Sec. 310, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1065; Pub. L. 104-
            53, Sec. 112, November 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 525.)
            
                           Chapter 5.--LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

        315  Sec. 131. Collections composing Library; location.
                The Library of Congress, composed of the books, maps, 
            and other publications which on December 1, 1873, remained 
            in existence, from the collections theretofore united under 
            authority of law and those added from time to time by 
            purchase, exchange, donation, reservation from publications 
            ordered by Congress, acquisition of material under the 
            copyright law, and otherwise, shall be preserved in the 
            Library Building. (R.S. Sec. 80; Feb. 19, 1897, ch. 265, 
            Sec. 1, 29 Stat. 545, 546; Oct. 19, 1976, Pub. L. 94-553, 
            Sec. 105(g), 90 Stat. 2599; Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100-202, 
            Sec. 101(i) [Title III], Sec. 310, 101 Stat. 1329-310.)
        316  Sec. 132. Departments of Library.
                The Library of Congress shall be arranged in two 
            departments, a general library and a law library. (R.S. 
            Sec. 81.)
        317  Sec. 132a. Appropriations for increase of general library.
                The unexpended balance of any sums appropriated by 
            Congress for the increase of the general library, together 
            with such sums as may hereafter be appropriated to the same 
            purpose, shall be laid out under the direction of the Joint 
            Committee of Congress on the Library. (R.S. Sec. 82; Feb. 7, 
            1902, No. 5, 32 Stat. 735; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, Sec. 223, 
            60 Stat. 838.)
            Cross Reference
                Librarian of Congress to make rules and regulations for 
            government of library, see section 136 of this title (Senate 
            Manual section 320).
        318  Sec. 132b. Joint Committee on the Library.
                The Joint Committee of Congress on the Library shall, on 
            and after January 3, 1947, consist of the chairman and four 
            members of the Committee on Rules and Administration of the 
            Senate and the chairman and four members of the Committee on 
            House Oversight of the House of Representatives. (Aug. 2, 
            1946, ch. 753, Sec. 223, 60 Stat. 838; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. 
            L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 205, 110 Stat. 1742.)
        319  Sec. 133. Joint Committee during recess of Congress.
                The portion of the Joint Committee of Congress on the 
            Library on the part of the Senate remaining in office as 
            Senators shall during the recess of Congress exercise the 
            powers and discharge the duties conferred by law upon the 
            Joint Committee of Congress on the Library. (Mar. 3, 1883, 
            ch. 141, Sec. 2, 22 Stat. 592; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 
            Sec. 223, 60 Stat. 838.)
        320  Sec. 136. Librarian of Congress; appointment; rules and 
                regulations.
                The Librarian of Congress shall be appointed by the 
            President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
            He shall make rules and regulations for the government of 
            the Library. (Feb. 19, 1897, ch. 265, Sec. 1, 29 Stat. 544, 
            546; June 6, 1972, Pub. L. 92-310, Sec. 220(f), 86 Stat. 
            204.)
      320.1  Sec. 136a-2. Librarian of Congress and Deputy Librarian of 
                Congress; compensation
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law--
                            (1) the Librarian of Congress shall be 
                        compensated at an annual rate which is equal to 
                        the annual rate of basic pay payable for 
                        positions at level II of the Executive Schedule 
                        under section 5313 of title 5, and
                            (2) the Deputy Librarian of Congress shall 
                        be compensated at an annual rate of pay which is 
                        equal to the annual rate of basic pay payable 
                        for positions at level III of the Executive 
                        Schedule under section 5314 of title 5. (Pub. L. 
                        98-63, Title I, Sec. 904(a), July 30, 1983, 97 
                        Stat. 336; Pub. L. 106-57, Title II, 
                        Sec. 209(a), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 424.)
                \1\ So in original. Probably should be section 
                ``129(a)''.
                \2\ So in original. Probably should be section 
                ``129(b)''.
        322  Sec. 138. Law library open, when.
                The law library shall be kept open every day so long as 
            either House of Congress is in session. (July 11, 1888, ch. 
            615, Sec. 1, 25 Stat. 262.)
        323  Sec. 139. Report of Librarian of Congress.
                The Librarian of Congress shall make to Congress not 
            later than April 1, a report for the preceding fiscal year, 
            as to the affairs of the Library of Congress, including the 
            copyright business, and said report shall also include a 
            detailed statement of all receipts and expenditures on 
            account of the Library and said copyright business. (Feb. 
            19, 1897, ch. 265, Sec. 1, 29 Stat. 546; April 21, 1976, 
            Pub. L. 94-273, Sec. 30, 90 Stat. 380.)
      323.5  Sec. 142j. John C. Stennis Center for Public Service 
                Training and Development.
                From and after October 1, 1988, the Library of Congress 
            is authorized to--
                            (1) disburse funds appropriated for the John 
                        C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training 
                        and Development;
                            (2) compute and disburse the basic pay for 
                        all personnel of the John C. Stennis Center for 
                        Public Service Training and Development;
                            (3) provide financial management services 
                        and support to the John C. Stennis Center for 
                        Public Service Training and Development, in the 
                        same manner as provided with respect to the 
                        Office of Technology Assessment under section 
                        142f of this title; and
                            (4) collect from the funds appropriated for 
                        the John C. Stennis Center for Public Service 
                        Training and Development the full costs of 
                        providing the services specified in (1), (2), 
                        and (3) above, as provided under an agreement 
                        for services ordered under sections 1535 and 
                        1536 of title 31. (Pub. L. 101-163, Title II, 
                        Sec. 205, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1060.)
            Cross Reference
                Establishment, purposes, and authority, see Sections 
            1101 through 1110 of Title 2, United States Code (Senate 
            Manual sections 399.50 through 399.59).
        324  Sec. 145. Copies of Journals and Documents.
                Two copies of the Journals and Documents, and of each 
            book printed by either House of Congress, bound as provided 
            in sections 501 and 1123 of title 44, shall be deposited in 
            the Library. (R.S. Sec. 97.)
            Cross References
                Copies of House and Senate documents to be deposited 
            with Library of Congress, see section 701 of title 44, 
            United States Code (Senate Manual section 613 and footnote 
            thereto).
                Distribution of printed copies of Journals of Senate and 
            House of Representatives, see section 713 of title 44, 
            United States Code (Senate Manual section 623).
        325  Sec. 145a. Periodical binding of printed hearings of 
                committee testimony.
                The Librarian of the Library of Congress is authorized 
            and directed to have bound at the end of each session of 
            Congress the printed hearings of testimony taken by each 
            committee of the Congress at the preceding session. (Aug. 2, 
            1946, ch. 753, Sec. 141, 60 Stat. 834.)
        326  Sec. 146. Deposit of Journals of Senate and House.
                Twenty-five copies of the public Journals of the Senate, 
            and of the House of Representatives, shall be deposited in 
            the Library of the United States, at the seat of government, 
            to be delivered to Members of Congress during any session, 
            and to all other persons authorized by law to use the books 
            in the Library, upon their application to the Librarian, and 
            giving their responsible receipts for the same, in like 
            manner as for other books. (R.S. Sec. 98.)
        327  Sec. 154. Library of Congress Trust Fund Board; members; 
                quorum; seal; rules and regulations.
                A board is created and established, to be known as the 
            ``Library of Congress Trust Fund Board'' (hereinafter 
            referred to as the board), which shall consist of the 
            Secretary of the Treasury (or an Assistant Secretary 
            designated in writing by the Secretary of the Treasury), the 
            chairman of the Joint Committee on the Library, the 
            Librarian of Congress, two persons appointed by the 
            President for a term of five years each (the first 
            appointments being for three and five years, respectively), 
            four persons appointed by the Speaker of the House of 
            Representatives (in consultation with the minority leader of 
            the House of Representatives) for a term of five years each 
            (the first appointments being for two, three, four, and five 
            years, respectively), and four persons appointed by the 
            majority leader of the Senate (in consultation with the 
            minority leader of the Senate) for a term of five years each 
            (the first appointments being for two, three, four, and five 
            years, respectively). Nine members of the board shall 
            constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the 
            board shall have an official seal, which shall be judicially 
            noticed. The board may adopt rules and regulations in regard 
            to its procedure and the conduct of its business. (Mar. 3, 
            1925, ch. 423, Sec. 1, 43 Stat. 1107; May 12, 1978, Pub. L. 
            95-277, 92 Stat. 236; Feb. 18, 1992, Pub. L. 102-246, 
            Sec. Sec. 1, 2, 106 Stat. 31.)
        328  Sec. 156. Gifts, etc., to Library of Congress Trust Fund 
                Board.
                The board is authorized to accept, receive, hold, and 
            administer such gifts, bequests, or devices of property for 
            the benefit of, or in connection with, the Library, its 
            collections, or its service, as may be approved by the board 
            and by the Joint Committee on the Library. (Apr. 13, 1936, 
            ch. 213, 49 Stat. 1205.)
        329  Sec. 157. Funds of Library of Congress Trust Fund Board; 
                management of.
                The moneys or securities composing the trust funds given 
            or bequeathed to the board shall be receipted for by the 
            Secretary of the Treasury, who shall invest, reinvest, or 
            retain investments as the board may from time to time 
            determine. The income as and when collected shall be 
            deposited with the Treasurer of the United States, who shall 
            enter it in a special account to the credit of the Library 
            of Congress and subject to disbursement by the librarian for 
            the purposes in each case specified; and the Treasurer of 
            the United States is authorized to honor the requisitions of 
            the librarian made in such manner and in accordance with 
            such regulations as the Treasurer may from time to time 
            prescribe: Provided, however, That the board is not 
            authorized to engage in any business nor to exercise any 
            voting privilege which may be incidental to securities in 
            its hands, nor shall the board make any investments that 
            could not lawfully be made by a trust company in the 
            District of Columbia, except that it may make any 
            investments directly authorized by the instrument of gift, 
            and may retain any investments accepted by it. (Mar. 3, 
            1925, ch. 423, Sec. 2, 43 Stat. 1107; Apr. 13, 1936, ch. 
            213, 49 Stat. 1205.)
        330  Sec. 158. Deposits by Library of Congress Trust Fund Board 
                with Treasurer of United States.
                In the absence of any specification to the contrary, the 
            board may deposit the principal sum, in cash, with the 
            Treasurer of the United States as a permanent loan to the 
            United States Treasury, and the Treasurer shall thereafter 
            credit such deposit with interest at a rate which is the 
            higher of the rate of 4 percentum per annum or a rate which 
            is 0.25 percentage points less than a rate determined by the 
            Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the 
            current average market yield on outstanding long-term 
            marketable obligations of the United States, adjusted to the 
            nearest one-eighth of 1 percentum, payable semiannually, 
            such interest, as income, being subject to disbursement by 
            the Librarian of Congress for the purposes specified: 
            Provided, however, That the total of such principal sums at 
            any time so held by the Treasurer under this authorization 
            shall not exceed the sum of $10,000,000. (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 
            423, Sec. 2, 43 Stat. 1107; Apr. 13, 1936, ch. 213, 49 Stat. 
            1205; June 23, 1936, ch. 734, 49 Stat. 1894; July 3, 1962, 
            Pub. L. 87-522, 76 Stat. 135; May 22, 1976, Pub. L. 94-289, 
            90 Stat. 521.)
      330.1  Sec. 158a. Temporary possession of gifts of money or 
                securities to Library of Congress; investment.
                In the case of a gift of money or securities offered to 
            the Library of Congress, if, because of conditions attached 
            by the donor or similar considerations, expedited action is 
            necessary, the Librarian of Congress may take temporary 
            possession of the gift, subject to approval under section 
            156 of this title. The gift shall be receipted for and 
            invested, reinvested, or retained as provided in section 157 
            of this title, except that--
                            (1) a gift of securities may not be invested 
                        or reinvested; and
                            (2) any investment or reinvestment of a gift 
                        of money shall be made in an interest bearing 
                        obligation of the United States or an obligation 
                        guaranteed as to principal and interest by the 
                        United States.

            If the gift is not so approved within the 12-month period 
            after the Librarian so takes possession, the principal of 
            the gift shall be returned to the donor and any income 
            earned during that period shall be available for use with 
            respect to the Library of Congress as provided by law. (Mar. 
            3, 1925, ch. 423, Sec. 2(par.), as added Feb. 18, 1992, Pub. 
            L. 102-246, Sec. 3, 106 Stat. 31.)

        331  Sec. 159. Perpetual succession and suits by or against 
                Library of Congress Trust Fund Board.
                The board shall have perpetual succession, with all the 
            usual powers and obligations of a trustee, including the 
            power to sell, except as herein limited, in respect of all 
            property, moneys, or securities which shall be conveyed, 
            transferred, assigned, bequeathed, delivered, or paid over 
            to it for the purposes above specified. The board may be 
            sued in the United States District Court for the District of 
            Columbia, which is given jurisdiction of such suits, for the 
            purpose of enforcing the provisions of any trust accepted by 
            it. (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 423, Sec. 3, 43 Stat. 1108; Jan. 27, 
            1926, ch. 6, Sec. 1, 44 Stat. 2; June 25, 1936, ch. 804, 49 
            Stat. 1921; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, Sec. 127, 63 Stat. 107.)
        332  Sec. 160. Disbursement of gifts, etc., to Library.
                Nothing in sections 154 to 162 and 163 of this title 
            shall be construed as prohibiting or restricting the 
            Librarian of Congress from accepting in the name of the 
            United States gifts or bequests of money for immediate 
            disbursement in the interest of the Library, its 
            collections, or its service. Such gifts or bequests, after 
            acceptance by the librarian, shall be paid by the donor or 
            his representative to the Treasurer of the United States, 
            whose receipts shall be their acquittance. The Treasurer of 
            the United States shall enter them in a special account to 
            the credit of the Library of Congress and subject to 
            disbursement by the Librarian for the purposes in each case 
            specified.
                Upon agreement by the Librarian of Congress and the 
            Board, a gift or bequest accepted by the Librarian under the 
            first paragraph of this section may be invested or 
            reinvested in the same manner as provided for trust funds 
            under section 157 of this title.

            (As amended Oct. 7, 1997, Pub. L. 105-55, Title II, 
            Sec. 208, 111 Stat. 1194.)

        333  Sec. 161. Tax exemption of gifts, etc., to Library of 
                Congress.
                Gifts or bequests or devises to or for the benefit of 
            the Library of Congress, including those to the board, and 
            the income therefrom, shall be exempt from all Federal 
            taxes, including all taxes levied by the District of 
            Columbia. (Oct. 2, 1942, ch. 576, 56 Stat. 765.)
        334  Sec. 166. Congressional Research Service.

  

      334.1      (a) The Legislative Reference Service in the Library of 
            Congress is hereby continued as a separate department in the 
            Library of Congress and is redesignated the ``Congressional 
            Research Service''.
      334.2      (b) It is the policy of Congress that--
                            (1) the Librarian of Congress shall, in 
                        every possible way, encourage, assist, and 
                        promote the Congressional Research Service in--

                                (A) rendering to Congress the most 
                            effective and efficient service,

                                (B) responding most expeditiously, 
                            effectively, and efficiently to the special 
                            needs of Congress, and

                                (C) discharging its responsibilities to 
                            Congress;

                  and
                            (2) the Librarian of Congress shall grant 
                        and accord to the Congressional Research Service 
                        complete research independence and the maximum 
                        practicable administrative independence 
                        consistent with these objectives.
      334.3      (c)(1) After consultation with the Joint Committee on 
            the Library, the Librarian of Congress shall appoint the 
            Director of the Congressional Research Service. The basic 
            pay of the Director, shall be at perannum rate equal to the 
            rate of basic pay provided for level III of the Executive 
            Schedule under section 5314 of title 5.
                (2) The Librarian of Congress upon the recommendation of 
            the Director, shall appoint a Deputy Director of the 
            Congressional Research Service and all other necessary 
            personnel thereof. The basic pay of the Deputy Director 
            shall be fixed in accordance with chapter 51 (relating to 
            classification) and subchapter III (relating to General 
            Schedule pay rates) of chapter 53 of title 5, but without 
            regard to section 5108(a) of such title. The basic pay of 
            all other necessary personnel of the Congressional Research 
            Service shall be fixed in accordance with chapter 51 
            (relating to classification) and subchapter III (relating to 
            General Schedule pay rates) of chapter 53 of title 5, except 
            that--
                            (A) the grade of Senior Specialist in each 
                        field within the purview of subsection (e) of 
                        this section shall not be less than the highest 
                        grade in the executive branch of the Government 
                        to which research analysts and consultants, 
                        without supervisory responsibility, are 
                        currently assigned; and
                            (B) the positions of Specialist and Senior 
                        Specialist in the Congressional Research Service 
                        may be placed in GS-16, 17, and 18 of the 
                        General Schedule of section 5332 of title 5, 
                        without regard to section 5108(a) of such title, 
                        subject to the prior approval of the Joint 
                        Committee on the Library, of the placement of 
                        each such position in any of such grades.
                (3) Each appointment made under paragraphs (1) and (2) 
            of this subsection and subsection (e) of this section shall 
            be without regard to the civil service laws, without regard 
            to political affiliation, and solely on the basis of fitness 
            to perform the duties of the position.
      334.4      (d) It shall be the duty of the Congressional Research 
            Service, without partisan bias--
                            (1) upon request, to advise and assist any 
                        committee of the Senate or House of 
                        Representatives and any joint committee of 
                        Congress in the analysis, appraisal, and 
                        evaluation of legislative proposals within that 
                        committee's jurisdiction, or of recommendations 
                        submitted to Congress, by the President or any 
                        executive agency, so as to assist the committee 
                        in--

                                (A) determining the advisability of 
                            enacting such proposals;

                                (B) estimating the probable results of 
                            such proposals and alternatives thereto; and

                                (C) evaluating alternative methods for 
                            accomplishing those results;

            and, by providing such other research and analytical 
            services as the committee considers appropriate for these 
            purposes, otherwise to assist in furnishing a basis for the 
            proper evaluation and determination of legislative proposals 
            and recommendations generally; and in the performance of 
            this duty the Service shall have authority, when so 
            authorized by a committee and acting as the agent of that 
            committee, to request of any department or agency of the 
            United States the production of such books, records, 
            correspondence, memoranda, papers, and documents as the 
            Service considers necessary, and such department or agency 
            of the United States shall comply with such request; and, 
            further, in the performance of this and any other relevant 
            duty, the Service shall maintain continuous liaison with all 
            committees;

                (2) to make available to each committee of the Senate 
            and House of Representatives and each joint committee of the 
            two Houses, at the opening of a new Congress, a list of 
            programs and activities being carried out under existing law 
            scheduled to terminate during the current Congress, which 
            are within the jurisdiction of the committee;
                (3) to make available to each committee of the Senate 
            and House of Representatives and each joint committee of the 
            two Houses, at the opening of a new Congress, a list of 
            subjects and policy areas which the committee might 
            profitably analyze in depth;
                (4) upon request, or upon its own initiative in 
            anticipation of requests, to collect, classify, and analyze 
            in the form of studies, reports, compilations, digests, 
            bulletins, indexes, translations, and otherwise, data having 
            a bearing on legislation, and to make such data available 
            and serviceable to committees and Members of the Senate and 
            House of Representatives and joint committees of Congress;
                (5) upon request, or upon its own initiative in 
            anticipation of requests, to prepare and provide 
            information, research, and reference materials and services 
            to committees and Members of the Senate and House of 
            Representatives and joint committees of Congress to assist 
            them in their legislative and representative functions;
                (6) to prepare summaries and digests of bills and 
            resolutions of a public general nature introduced in the 
            Senate or House of Representatives;
                (7) upon request made by any committee or Member of the 
            Congress, to prepare and transmit to such committee or 
            Member a concise memorandum with respect to one or more 
            legislative measures upon which hearings by any committee of 
            the Congress have been announced, which memorandum shall 
            contain a statement of the purpose and effect of each such 
            measure, a description of other relevant measures of similar 
            purpose or effect previously introduced in the Congress, and 
            a recitation of all action taken theretofore by or within 
            the Congress with respect to each such other measure; and
                (8) to develop and maintain an information and research 
            capability, to include Senior Specialists, Specialists, 
            other employees, and consultants, as necessary, to perform 
            the functions provided for in this subsection.
      334.5      (e) The Librarian of Congress is authorized to appoint 
            in the Congressional Research Service, upon the 
            recommendation of the Director, Specialists and Senior 
            Specialists in the following broad fields:
                            (1) agriculture;
                            (2) American government and public 
                        administration;
                            (3) American public law;
                            (4) conservation;
                            (5) education;
                            (6) engineering and public works;
                            (7) housing;
                            (8) industrial organization and corporation 
                        finance;
                            (9) international affairs;
                            (10) international trade and economic 
                        geography;
                            (11) labor and employment;
                            (12) mineral economics;
                            (13) money and banking;
                            (14) national defense;
                            (15) price economics;
                            (16) science;
                            (17) social welfare;
                            (18) taxation and fiscal policy;
                            (19) technology;
                            (20) transportation and communications;
                            (21) urban affairs;
                            (22) veterans' affairs; and
                            (23) such other broad fields as the Director 
                        may consider appropriate.

            Such Specialists and Senior Specialists, together with such 
            other employees of the Congressional Research Service as may 
            be necessary, shall be available for special work with the 
            committees and Members of the Senate and House of 
            Representatives and the joint committees of Congress for any 
            of the purposes of subsection (d) of this section.

      334.6      (f) The Director is authorized--
                            (1) to classify, organize, arrange, group, 
                        and divide, from time to time, as he considers 
                        advisable, the requests for advice, assistance, 
                        and other services submitted to the 
                        Congressional Research Service by committees and 
                        Members of the Senate and House of 
                        Representatives and joint committees of 
                        Congress, into such classes and categories as he 
                        considers necessary to--

                                (A) expedite and facilitate the handling 
                            of the individual requests submitted by 
                            Members of the Senate and House of 
                            Representatives,

                                (B) promote efficiency in the 
                            performance of services for committees of 
                            the Senate and House of Representatives and 
                            joint committees of Congress, and

                                (C) provide a basis for the efficient 
                            performance by the Congressional Research 
                            Service of its legislative research and 
                            related functions generally,

                  and
                            (2) to establish and change, from time to 
                        time, as he considers advisable, within the 
                        Congressional Research Service, such research 
                        and reference divisions or other organizational 
                        units, or both, as he considers necessary to 
                        accomplish the purposes of this section.
      334.7      (g) The Director of the Congressional Research Service 
            will submit to the Librarian of Congress for review, 
            consideration, evaluation, and approval, the budget 
            estimates of the Congressional Research Service for 
            inclusion in the Budget of the United States Government.
      334.8      (h)(l) The Director of the Congressional Research 
            Service may procure the temporary or intermittent assistance 
            of individual experts or consultants (including stenographic 
            reporters) and of persons learned in particular or 
            specialized fields of knowledge--
                            (A) by nonpersonal service contract, without 
                        regard to any provision of law requiring 
                        advertising for contract bids, with the 
                        individual expert, consultant, or other person 
                        concerned, as an independent contractor, for the 
                        furnishing by him to the Congressional Research 
                        Service of a written study, treatise, theme, 
                        discourse, dissertation, thesis, summary, 
                        advisory opinion, or other end product; or
                            (B) by employment (for a period of not more 
                        than one year) in the Congressional Research 
                        Service of the individual expert, consultant, or 
                        other person concerned, by personal service 
                        contract or otherwise, without regard to the 
                        position classification laws, at a rate of pay 
                        not in excess of the per diem equivalent of the 
                        highest rate of basic pay then currently in 
                        effect for the General Schedule of section 5332 
                        of title 5, including payment of such rate for 
                        necessary travel time.
                (2) The Director of the Congressional Research Service 
            may procure by contract, without regard to any provision of 
            law requiring advertising for contract bids, the temporary 
            (for respective periods not in excess of one year) or 
            intermittent assistance of educational, research, or other 
            organizations of experts and consultants (including 
            stenographic reporters) and of educational, research, and 
            other organizations of persons learned in particular or 
            specialized fields of knowledge.
      334.9      (i) The Director of the Congressional Research Service 
            shall prepare and file with the Joint Committee on the 
            Library at the beginning of each regular session of Congress 
            a separate and special report covering, in summary and in 
            detail, all phases of activity of the Congressional Research 
            Service for the immediately preceding fiscal year.
     334.10      (j) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated to 
            the Congressional Research Service each fiscal year such 
            sums as may be necessary to carry on the work of the 
            Service. (Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, Sec. 203(a)(b), 60 Stat. 
            836; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, Sec. 1106(a), 63 Stat. 972; 
            Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-510, Sec. 321, 84 Stat. 1181; as 
            amended Nov. 14, 1985, Pub. L. 99-151, Sec. 104, 99 Stat. 
            802; Dec. 19, 1985, Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 133, 99 Stat. 1322, 
            Pub. L. 106-57, Title II, Sec. 209(b), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 
            Stat. 424.)
            Note
                The provision under the heading ``Library of Congress'' 
            and the subheadings ``Congressional Research Service'' and 
            ``Salaries and Expenses'' contained in the Joint Resolution 
            entitled ``Joint Resolution making further continuing 
            appropriations for the fiscal year 1988, and for other 
            purposes'', approved December 22, 1987 (101 Stat. 1329-303), 
            provided, in part, that:
                ``. . . Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
            compensation for the Director of the Congressional Research 
            Service, Library of Congress, shall be at an annual rate 
            which is equal to the annual rate of basic pay for positions 
            at level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of 
            title 5, United States Code.''

            
                 Chapter 6.--CONGRESSIONAL AND COMMITTEE PROCEDURE: 
                                   INVESTIGATIONS

        348  Sec. 191. Oaths to witnesses.
                The President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of 
            Representatives, or a chairman of any joint committee 
            established by a joint or concurrent resolution of the two 
            Houses of Congress, or of a committee of the whole, or of 
            any committee of either House of Congress, is empowered to 
            administer oaths to witnesses in any case under their 
            examination.
                Any Member of either House of Congress may administer 
            oaths to witnesses in any matter depending in either House 
            of Congress of which he is a Member, or any committee 
            thereof. (June 26, 1884, ch. 123, 23 Stat. 60; June 22, 
            1938, ch. 594, 52 Stat. 942, 943.)
        349  Sec. 192. Refusal of witness to testify.
                Every person who having been summoned as a witness by 
            the authority of either House of Congress to give testimony 
            or to produce papers upon any matter under inquiry before 
            either House, or any joint committee established by a joint 
            or concurrent resolution of the two Houses of Congress, or 
            any committee of either House of Congress willfully makes 
            default, or who, having appeared, refuses to answer any 
            question pertinent to the question under inquiry, shall be 
            deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not 
            more than $1,000 nor less than $100 and imprisonment in a 
            common jail for not less than one month nor more than twelve 
            months. (June 22, 1938, ch. 594, 52 Stat. 942.)
        350  Sec. 193. Privilege of witnesses.
                No witness is privileged to refuse to testify to any 
            fact, or to produce any paper, respecting which he shall be 
            examined by either House of Congress, or by any joint 
            committee established by a joint or concurrent resolution of 
            the two Houses of Congress, or by any committee of either 
            House, upon the ground that his testimony to such fact or 
            his production of such paper may tend to disgrace him or 
            otherwise render him infamous. (June 22, 1938, ch. 594, 52 
            Stat. 942.)
        351  Sec. 194. Witnesses failing to testify or produce records.
                Whenever a witness summoned as mentioned in section 192 
            of this title fails to appear to testify or fails to produce 
            any books, papers, records, or documents, as required, or 
            whenever any witness so summoned refuses to answer any 
            question pertinent to the subject under inquiry before 
            either House, or any joint committee established by a joint 
            or concurrent resolution of the two Houses of Congress, or 
            any committee or subcommittee of either House of Congress, 
            and the fact of such failure or failures is reported to 
            either House while Congress is in session, or when Congress 
            is not in session, a statement of fact constituting such 
            failure is reported to and filed with the President of the 
            Senate or the Speaker of the House, it shall be the duty of 
            the said President of the Senate or Speaker of the House, as 
            the case may be, to certify, and he shall so certify, the 
            statement of facts aforesaid under the seal of the Senate or 
            House, as the case may be, to the appropriate United States 
            attorney, whose duty it shall be to bring the matter before 
            the grand jury for its action. (June 22, 1938, ch. 594, 52 
            Stat. 942.)
      351.5  Sec. 194a. Request by congressional committees to 
                Presidential appointees to Federal departments, 
                agencies, etc., concerned with foreign countries or 
                multilateral organizations for expression of views and 
                opinions.
                Upon the request of a committee of either House of 
            Congress, a joint committee of Congress, or a member of such 
            committee, any officer or employee of the Department of 
            State, the Agency for International Development, or any 
            other department, agency, or independent establishment of 
            the United States Government primarily concerned with 
            matters relating to foreign countries or multilateral 
            organizations, may express his views and opinions, and make 
            recommendations he considers appropriate, if the request of 
            the committee or member of the committee relates to a 
            subject which is within the jurisdiction of that committee. 
            (July 13, 1972, Pub. L. 92-352, Sec. 502, 86 Stat. 496; Oct. 
            18, 1973, Pub. L. 93-126, Sec. 17, 87 Stat. 455, Pub. L. 
            105-277, div G, subdiv. A, Title XII, Sec. 1225(g), Title 
            XIII, Sec. 1335(n), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-775, 2681-
            789.)
      351.6  Sec. 194b. Omitted.

  

        352  Sec. 195a. Restriction on payment of witness fees or travel 
                and subsistence expenses to persons subpenaed by 
                Congressional committees.
                No part of any appropriation disbursed by the Secretary 
            of the Senate shall be available on or after July 12, 1960, 
            hereafter for the payment to any person, at the time of the 
            service upon him of a subpena requiring his attendance at 
            any inquiry or hearing conducted by any committee of the 
            Congress or of the Senate or any subcommittee of any such 
            committee, of any witness fee or any sum of money as an 
            advance payment of any travel or subsistence expense which 
            may be incurred by such person in responding to that 
            subpena. (July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86-628, 74 Stat. 449.)
      352.5  Sec. 195b. Fees for witnesses requested to appear before 
                Majority Policy Committee or Minority Policy Committee.
                Any witness requested to appear before the Majority 
            Policy Committee or the Minority Policy Committee shall be 
            entitled to a witness fee for each full day spent in 
            traveling to and from the place at which he is to appear, 
            and reimbursement of actual and necessary transportation 
            expenses incurred in traveling to and from that place, at 
            rates not to exceed those rates paid witnesses appearing 
            before committees of the Senate. (Aug. 13, 1974, Pub. L. 93-
            371, Sec. 101(7), 88 Stat. 431.)
        353  Sec. 196. Senate resolutions for investigations; limit of 
                cost.
                Senate resolutions providing for inquiries and 
            investigations shall contain a limit of cost of such 
            investigation, which limit shall not be exceeded except by 
            vote of the Senate authorizing additional amounts. (Mar. 3, 
            1926, ch. 44, Sec. 1, 44 Stat. 162.)
        354  Sec. 198. Adjournment.
                (a) Unless otherwise provided by the Congress the two 
            Houses shall--
                            (1) adjourn sine die not later than July 31 
                        of each year; or
                            (2) in the case of an odd-numbered year, 
                        provide, not later than July 31 of such year, by 
                        concurrent resolution adopted in each House by 
                        rollcall vote, for the adjournment of the two 
                        Houses from that Friday in August which occurs 
                        at least thirty days before the first Monday in 
                        September (Labor Day) of such year to the second 
                        day after Labor Day.
                (b) This section shall not be applicable in any year if 
            on July 31 of such year a state of war exists pursuant to a 
            declaration of war by the Congress. (Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 
            Sec. 132, 60 Stat. 831; Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-510, 
            Sec. 461, 84 Stat. 1193.)
        373  Sec. Sec. 261-270 Repealed.
                For provisions relating to disclosure of lobbying 
            activities to influence Federal Government, see section 1601 
            et seq. of Title 2, United States Code.
            
                      Chapter 9.--OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL

        390  Sec. 271. Establishment.
                There shall be in the Senate an office to be known as 
            the Office of the Legislative Counsel, and to be under the 
            direction of the Legislative Counsel of the Senate. (Feb. 
            24, 1919, ch. 18, Sec. 1303(a), (d), 40 Stat. 1141; June 2, 
            1924, ch. 234, Sec. 1101, 43 Stat. 353.)
        391  Sec. 272. Legislative Counsel.
                The Legislative Counsel shall be appointed by the 
            President pro tempore of the Senate, without reference to 
            political affiliations and solely on the ground of fitness 
            to perform the duties of the office. (Feb. 24, 1919, ch. 18, 
            Sec. 1303(a), (d), 40 Stat. 1141; June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 
            Sec. 1101, 43 Stat. 353; Sept. 20, 1941, ch. 412, Title VI, 
            Sec. 602, 55 Stat. 726.)
        392  Sec. 273. Compensation.
                The Legislative Counsel of the Senate shall be paid at 
            an annual rate of compensation of $40,000. (Feb. 24, 1919, 
            ch. 18, Sec. 1303(d), as added June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 
            Sec. 1101, 43 Stat. 353, and amended June 18, 1940, ch. 396, 
            Sec. 1, 54 Stat. 472; Sept. 20, 1941, ch. 412, Title VI, 
            Sec. 602, 55 Stat. 726; Oct. 15, 1949, ch. 695, Sec. 6(c), 
            63 Stat. 881; Aug. 5, 1955, ch. 568, Sec. Sec. 9, 101, 69 
            Stat. 509, 514; July 1, 1957, Pub. L. 85-75, Sec. 101, 71 
            Stat. 250; Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88-426, Title II, 
            Sec. 203(g), 78 Stat. 415; Aug. 13, 1974, Pub. L. 93-371, 
            Sec. 101(4), 88 Stat. 429; July 25, 1975, Pub. L. 94-59, 
            Title I, Sec. 105, 89 Stat. 275.)
        393  Sec. 274. Staff, office equipment and supplies.
                The Legislative Counsel shall, subject to the approval 
            of the President pro tempore of the Senate, employ and fix 
            the compensation of such Assistant Counsel, clerks, and 
            other employees, and purchase such furniture, office 
            equipment, books, stationery, and other supplies, as may be 
            necessary for the proper performance of the duties of the 
            Office and as may be appropriated for by Congress. (Feb. 24, 
            1919, ch. 18, Sec. 1303(a), (d), 40 Stat. 1141; June 2, 
            1924, ch. 234, Sec. 1101, 43 Stat. 353; Sept. 20, 1941, ch. 
            412, Title VI, Sec. 602, 55 Stat. 726.)
        394  Sec. 275. Functions.
                The Office of the Legislative Counsel shall aid in 
            drafting public bills and resolutions or amendments thereto 
            on the request of any committee of the Senate, but the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, may 
            determine the preference, if any, to be given to such 
            requests of the committees of the Senate. The Legislative 
            Counsel shall, from time to time, prescribe rules and 
            regulations for the conduct of the work of the Office for 
            the committees of the Senate, subject to the approval of 
            such Committee on Rules and Administration. (Feb. 24, 1919, 
            ch. 18, Sec. 1303(b), (d), 40 Stat. 1141; June 2, 1924, ch. 
            234, Sec. 1101, 43 Stat. 353; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, Title 
            I, Sec. Sec. 102, 121, 60 Stat. 814, 822.)
        395  Sec. 276. Disbursement of appropriations.
                All appropriations for the Office of the Legislative 
            Counsel shall be disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate. 
            (Feb. 24, 1919, ch. 18, Sec. 1303(c), (d), 40 Stat. 1141; 
            June 2, 1924, ch. 234, Sec. 1101, 43 Stat. 353.)
      395.1  Sec. 276a. Expenditures.
                With the approval of the President pro tempore of the 
            Senate, the Legislative Counsel of the Senate may make such 
            expenditures as may be necessary or appropriate for the 
            functioning of the Office of the Legislative Counsel of the 
            Senate. (July 14, 1983, Pub. L. 98-51, Sec. 106, 97 Stat. 
            267.)
      395.2  Sec. 276b. Travel and related expenses.
                Funds expended by the Legislative Counsel of the Senate 
            for travel and related expenses shall be subject to the same 
            regulations and limitations (insofar as they are applicable) 
            as those which the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration prescribes for application to travel and 
            related expenses for which payment is authorized to be made 
            from the contingent fund of the Senate. (July 14, 1983, Pub. 
            L. 98-51, Sec. 106, 97 Stat. 267.)
            
                     Chapter 9D.--OFFICE OF SENATE LEGAL COUNSEL

        396  Sec. 288. Office of Senate Legal Counsel.

  

      396.1  (a) Establishment; appointment of Counsel and Deputy 
                Counsel; Senate approval; reappointment; compensation
                (1) There is established, as an office of the Senate, 
            the Office of Senate Legal Counsel (hereinafter referred to 
            as the ``Office''), which shall be headed by a Senate Legal 
            Counsel (hereinafter referred to as the ``Counsel''); and 
            there shall be a Deputy Senate Legal Counsel (hereinafter 
            referred to as the ``Deputy Counsel'') who shall perform 
            such duties as may be assigned to him by the Counsel and 
            who, during any absence, disability, or vacancy in the 
            position of the Counsel, shall serve as Acting Senate Legal 
            Counsel.
                (2) The Counsel and the Deputy Counsel each shall be 
            appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate from 
            among recommendations submitted by the majority and minority 
            leaders of the Senate. Any appointment made under this 
            paragraph shall be made without regard to political 
            affiliation and solely on the basis of fitness to perform 
            the duties of the position. Any person appointed as Counsel 
            or Deputy Counsel shall be learned in the law, a member of 
            the bar of a State or the District of Columbia, and shall 
            not engage in any other business, vocation, or employment 
            during the term of such appointment.
                (3)(A) Any appointment made under paragraph (2) shall 
            become effective upon approval by resolution of the Senate. 
            The Counsel and the Deputy Counsel shall each be appointed 
            for a term of service which shall expire at the end of the 
            Congress following the Congress during which the Counsel or 
            Deputy Counsel, respectively, is appointed except that the 
            Senate may, by resolution, remove either the Counsel or the 
            Deputy Counsel prior to the termination of any term of 
            service. The Counsel and the Deputy Counsel may be 
            reappointed at the termination of any term of service.
                (B) The first Counsel and the first Deputy Counsel shall 
            be appointed, approved, and begin service within ninety days 
            after January 3, 1979, and thereafter the Counsel and Deputy 
            Counsel shall be appointed, approved, and begin service 
            within thirty days after the beginning of the session of the 
            Congress immediately following the termination of a 
            Counsel's or Deputy Counsel's term of service or within 
            sixty days after a vacancy occurs in either position.
                (4) The Counsel shall receive compensation at a rate 
            equal to the annual rate of basic pay for level III of the 
            Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5. The Deputy 
            Counsel shall receive compensation at a rate equal to the 
            annual rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive 
            Schedule under section 5315 of title 5.
      396.2  (b) Assistant counsels and other personnel; compensation; 
                appointment; removal
                (1) The Counsel shall select and fix the compensation of 
            such Assistant Senate Legal Counsels (hereinafter referred 
            to as ``Assistant Counsels'') and of such other personnel, 
            within the limits of available funds, as may be necessary to 
            carry out the provisions of this chapter and may prescribe 
            the duties and responsibilities of such personnel. The 
            compensation fixed for each Assistant Counsel shall not be 
            in excess of a rate equal to the annual rate of basic pay 
            for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of 
            title 5. Any selection made under this paragraph shall be 
            made without regard to political affiliation and solely on 
            the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the position. 
            Any individual selected as an Assistant Counsel shall be 
            learned in the law, a member of the bar of a State or the 
            District of Columbia, and shall not engage in any other 
            business, vocation, or employment during his term of 
            service. The Counsel may remove any individual appointed 
            under this paragraph.
                (2) For purposes of pay (other than the rate of pay of 
            the Counsel and Deputy Counsel) and employment benefits, 
            right, and privileges, all personnel of the Office shall be 
            treated as employees of the Senate.
      396.3  (c) Consultants
                In carrying out the functions of the Office, the Counsel 
            may procure the temporary (not to exceed one year) or 
            intermittent services of individual consultants (including 
            outside counsel), or organizations thereof, in the same 
            manner and under the same conditions as a standing committee 
            of the Senate may procure such services under section 72a(i) 
            of this title.
      396.4  (d) Policies and procedures
                The Counsel may establish such policies and procedures 
            as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this 
            chapter.
      396.5  (e) Delegation of duties
                The Counsel may delegate authority for the performance 
            of any function imposed by this chapter except any function 
            imposed upon the Counsel under section 288e(b) of this 
            title.
      396.6  (f) Attorney-client relationship
                The Counsel and other employees of the Office shall 
            maintain the attorney-client relationship with respect to 
            all communications between them and any Member, officer, or 
            employee of the Senate. (Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, 
            Title VII, Sec. 701, 92 Stat. 1875.)
      396.7  Sec. 288a. Senate Joint Leadership Group.


   396.7-1  (a) Accountability of office
                The Office shall be directly accountable to the Joint 
            Leadership Group in the performance of the duties of the 
            Office.
   396.7-2  (b) Membership
                For purposes of this chapter, the Joint Leadership Group 
            shall consist of the following Members:
                            (1) The President pro tempore (or if he so 
                        designates, the Deputy President pro tempore) of 
                        the Senate.
                            (2) The majority and minority leaders of the 
                        Senate.
                            (3) The chairman and ranking minority member 
                        of the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate.
                            (4) The chairman and ranking minority member 
                        of the committee of the Senate which has 
                        jurisdiction over the contingent fund of the 
                        Senate.
   396.7-3  (c) Assistance of Secretary of Senate
                (c) The Joint Leadership Group shall be assisted in the 
            performance of its duties by the Secretary of the Senate. 
            (Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, Sec. 702, 92 
            Stat. 1877.)
      396.8  Sec. 288b. Requirements for authorizing representation 
                activity.

   396.8-1  (a) Direction of Joint Leadership Group or Senate resolution
                The Counsel shall defend the Senate or a committee, 
            subcommittee, Member, officer, or employee of the Senate 
            under section 288c of this title only when directed to do so 
            by two-thirds of the Members of the Joint Leadership Group 
            or by the adoption of a resolution by the Senate.
   396.8-2
   396.8-2  (b) Civil action to enforce subpena
                The Counsel shall bring a civil action to enforce a 
            subpena of the Senate or a committee or subcommittee of the 
            Senate under section 288d of this title only when directed 
            to do so by the adoption of a resolution by the Senate.
   396.8-3
   396.8-3  (c) Intervention or appearance
                The Counsel shall intervene or appear as amicus curiae 
            under section 288e of this title only when directed to do so 
            by a resolution adopted by the Senate when such intervention 
            or appearance is to be made in the name of the Senate or in 
            the name of an officer, committee, subcommittee, or chairman 
            of a committee or subcommittee of the Senate.
   396.8-4  (d) Immunity proceedings
                The Counsel shall serve as the duly authorized 
            representative in obtaining an order granting immunity under 
            section 288f of this title of--
                            (1) the Senate when directed to do so by an 
                        affirmative vote of a majority of the Members 
                        present of the Senate; or
                            (2) a committee or subcommittee of the 
                        Senate when directed to do so by an affirmative 
                        vote of two-thirds of the members of the full 
                        committee.
   396.8-5  (e) Resolution recommendations
                (e) The Office shall make no recommendation with respect 
            to the consideration of a resolution under this section. 
            (Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, Sec. 703, 92 
            Stat. 1877.)
      396.9  Sec. 288c. Defending the Senate, committee, subcommittee, 
                member, officer, or employee of the Senate.
                (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of 
            this section, when directed to do so pursuant to section 
            288b(a) of this title, the Counsel shall--
                            (1) defend the Senate, a committee, 
                        subcommittee, Member, officer, or employee of 
                        the Senate in any civil action pending in any 
                        court of the United States or of a State or 
                        political subdivision thereof, in which the 
                        Senate, such committee, subcommittee, Member, 
                        officer, or employee is made a party defendant 
                        and in which there is placed in issue the 
                        validity of any proceeding of, or action, 
                        including issuance of any subpena or order, 
                        taken by the Senate, or such committee, 
                        subcommittee, Member, officer, or employee in 
                        its or his official or representative capacity; 
                        or
                            (2) defend the Senate or a committee, 
                        subcommittee, Member, officer, or employee of 
                        the Senate in any proceeding with respect to any 
                        subpena or order directed to the Senate or such 
                        committee, subcommittee, Member, officer, or 
                        employee in its or his official or 
                        representative capacity.
                (b) Representation of a Member, officer, or employee 
            under subsection (a) of this section shall be undertaken by 
            the Counsel only upon the consent of such Member, officer, 
            or employee. (Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, 
            Sec. 704, 92 Stat. 1877.)
     396.10  Sec. 288d. Enforcement of Senate subpena or order.

  396.10-1  (a) Institution of civil actions
                When directed to do so pursuant to section 288b(b) of 
            this title, the Counsel shall bring a civil action under any 
            statute conferring jurisdiction on any court of the United 
            States (including section 1365 of title 28), to enforce, to 
            secure a declaratory judgment concerning the validity of, or 
            to prevent a threatened failure or refusal to comply with, 
            any subpena or order issued by the Senate or a committee or 
            a subcommittee of the Senate authorized to issue a subpena 
            or order.
  396.10-2  (b) Actions in name of committees and subcommittees
                Any directive to the Counsel to bring a civil action 
            pursuant to subsection (a) of this section in the name of a 
            committee or subcommittee of the Senate shall, for such 
            committee or subcommittee, constitute authorization to bring 
            such action within the meaning of any statute conferring 
            jurisdiction on any court of the United States.
  396.10-3  (c) Consideration of resolutions authorizing actions
                It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider a 
            resolution to direct the Counsel to bring a civil action 
            pursuant to subsection (a) of this section in the name of a 
            committee or subcommittee unless--
                            (1) such resolution is reported by a 
                        majority of the members voting, a majority being 
                        present, of such committee or committee of which 
                        such subcommittee is a subcommittee, and
                            (2) the report filed by such committee or 
                        committee of which such subcommittee is a 
                        subcommittee contains a statement of--

                                (A) the procedure followed in issuing 
                            such subpena;

                                (B) the extent to which the party 
                            subpenaed has complied with such subpena;

                                (C) any objections or privileges raised 
                            by the subpenaed party; and

                                (D) the comparative effectiveness of 
                            bringing a civil action under this section, 
                            certification of a criminal action for 
                            contempt of Congress, and initiating a 
                            contempt proceeding before the Senate.

   396.10-4  (d) Rules of Senate
                The provisions of subsection (c) of this section are 
            enacted--
                            (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power 
                        of the Senate, and, as such, they shall be 
                        considered as part of the rules of the Senate, 
                        and such rules shall supersede any other rule of 
                        the Senate only to the extent that rule is 
                        inconsistent therewith; and
                            (2) with full recognition of the 
                        constitutional right of the Senate to change 
                        such rules (so far as relating to the procedure 
                        in the Senate) at any time, in the same manner, 
                        and to the same extent as in the case of any 
                        other rule of the Senate.
   396.10-5  (e) Committee reports
                A report filed pursuant to subsection (c)(2) of this 
            section shall not be receivable in any court of law to the 
            extent such report is in compliance with such subsection.
   396.10-6  (f) Omitted

  

   396.10-7  (g) Certification of failure to testify; contempt
                Nothing in this section shall limit the discretion of--
                            (1) the President pro tempore of the Senate 
                        in certifying to the United States Attorney for 
                        the District of Columbia any matter pursuant to 
                        section 194 of this title; or
                            (2) the Senate to hold any individual or 
                        entity in contempt of the Senate. (Oct. 26, 
                        1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, Sec. 705(a)-
                        (e), (g), 92 Stat. 1878, 1880; Pub. L. 99-336, 
                        Sec. 6(a)(2), June 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 639.)
     396.11  Sec. 288e. Intervention or appearance.

  

   396.11-1  (a) Actions or proceedings
                When directed to do so pursuant to section 288b(c) of 
            this title, the Counsel shall intervene or appear as amicus 
            curiae in the name of the Senate, or in the name of an 
            officer, committee, subcommittee, or chairman of a committee 
            or subcommittee of the Senate in any legal action or 
            proceeding pending in any court of the United States or of a 
            State or political subdivision thereof in which the powers 
            and responsibilities of Congress under the Constitution of 
            the United States are placed in issue. The Counsel shall be 
            authorized to intervene only if standing to intervene exists 
            under section 2 of article III of the Constitution of the 
            United States.
   396.11-2  (b) Notification; publication
                The Counsel shall notify the Joint Leadership Group of 
            any legal action or proceeding in which the Counsel is of 
            the opinion that intervention or appearance as amicus curiae 
            under subsection (a) of this section is in the interest of 
            the Senate. Such notification shall contain a description of 
            the legal action or proceeding together with the reasons 
            that the Counsel is of the opinion that intervention or 
            appearance as amicus curiae is in the interest of the 
            Senate. The Joint Leadership Group shall cause said 
            notification to be published in the Congressional Record for 
            the Senate.
   396.11-3  (c) Powers and responsibilities of Congress
                The Counsel shall limit any intervention or appearance 
            as amicus curiae in an action or proceeding to issues 
            relating to the powers and responsibilities of Congress. 
            (Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, Sec. 706, 92 
            Stat. 1880.)
     396.12  Sec. 288f. Immunity proceedings.
                When directed to do so pursuant to section 288b(d) of 
            this title, the Counsel shall serve as the duly authorized 
            representative of the Senate or a committee or subcommittee 
            of the Senate in requesting a United States district court 
            to issue an order granting immunity pursuant to section 6005 
            of title 18. (Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, 
            Sec. 707, 92 Stat. 1880.)
     396.13  Sec. 288g. Advisory and other functions.

  

   396.13-1  (a) Cooperation with persons, committees, subcommittees, and 
                offices
                The Counsel shall advise, consult, and cooperate with--
                            (1) the United States Attorney for the 
                        District of Columbia with respect to any 
                        criminal proceeding for contempt of Congress 
                        certified by the President pro tempore of the 
                        Senate pursuant to section 194 of this title;
                            (2) the committee of the Senate with the 
                        responsibility to identify any court proceeding 
                        or action which is of vital interest to the 
                        Senate;
                            (3) the Comptroller General, the General 
                        Accounting Office, the Office of Legislative 
                        Counsel of the Senate, and the Congressional 
                        Research Service, except that none of the 
                        responsibilities and authority assigned by this 
                        chapter to the Counsel shall be construed to 
                        affect or infringe upon any functions, powers, 
                        or duties of the aforementioned;
                            (4) any Member, officer, or employee of the 
                        Senate not represented under section 288c of 
                        this title with regard to obtaining private 
                        legal counsel for such Member, officer, or 
                        employee;
                            (5) the President pro tempore of the Senate, 
                        the Secretary of the Senate, the Sergeant-at-
                        Arms of the Senate, and the Parliamentarian of 
                        the Senate, regarding any subpena, order, or 
                        request for withdrawal of papers presented to 
                        the Senate which raises a question of the 
                        privileges of the Senate; and
                            (6) any committee or subcommittee of the 
                        Senate in promulgating and revising their rules 
                        and procedures for the use of congressional 
                        investigative powers and with respect to 
                        questions which may arise in the course of any 
                        investigation.
   396.13-2  (b) Legal research files
                The Counsel shall compile and maintain legal research 
            files of materials from court proceedings which have 
            involved Congress, a House of Congress, an office or agency 
            of Congress, or any committee, subcommittee, Member, 
            officer, or employee of Congress. Public court papers and 
            other research memoranda which do not contain information of 
            a confidential or privileged nature shall be made available 
            to the public consistent with any applicable procedures set 
            forth in such rules of the Senate as may apply and the 
            interests of the Senate.
   396.13-3  (c) Miscellaneous duties
                The Counsel shall perform such other duties consistent 
            with the purposes and limitations of this chapter as the 
            Senate may direct. (Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Title 
            VII, Sec. 708, 92 Stat. 1880.)
     396.14  Sec. 288h. Defense of certain constitutional powers.
                In performing any function under this chapter, the 
            Counsel shall defend vigorously when placed in issue--
                            (1) the constitutional privilege from arrest 
                        or from being questioned in any other place for 
                        any speech or debate under section 6 of article 
                        I of the Constitution of the United States;
                            (2) the constitutional power of the Senate 
                        to be judge of the elections, returns, and 
                        qualifications of its own Members and to punish 
                        or expel a Member under section 5 of article I 
                        of the Constitution of the United States;
                            (3) the constitutional power of the Senate 
                        to except from publication such parts of its 
                        journal as in its judgment may require secrecy;
                            (4) the constitutional power of the Senate 
                        to determine the rules of its proceedings;
                            (5) the constitutional power of Congress to 
                        make all laws as shall be necessary and proper 
                        for carrying into execution the constitutional 
                        powers of Congress and all other powers vested 
                        by the Constitution in the Government of the 
                        United States, or in any department or office 
                        thereof;
                            (6) all other constitutional powers and 
                        responsibilities of the Senate or of Congress; 
                        and
                            (7) the constitutionality of Acts and joint 
                        resolutions of the Congress. (Oct. 26, 1978, 
                        Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, Sec. 709, 92 Stat. 
                        1881.)
     396.15  Sec. 288i. Representation conflict or inconsistency.

  

   396.15-1  (a) Notification
                In the carrying out of the provisions of this chapter, 
            the Counsel shall notify the Joint Leadership Group, and any 
            party represented or person affected, of the existence and 
            nature of any conflict or inconsistency between the 
            representation of such party or person and the carrying out 
            of any other provision of this chapter or compliance with 
            professional standards and responsibilities.
   396.15-2  (b) Solution; publication in Congressional Record; review
                Upon receipt of such notification, the members of the 
            Joint Leadership Group shall recommend the action to be 
            taken to avoid or resolve the conflict or inconsistency. If 
            such recommendation is made by a two-thirds vote, the 
            Counsel shall take such steps as may be necessary to resolve 
            the conflict or inconsistency as recommended. If not, the 
            members of the Joint Leadership Group shall cause the 
            notification of conflict or inconsistency and recommendation 
            with respect to resolution thereof to be published in the 
            Congressional Record of the Senate. If the Senate does not 
            direct the Counsel within fifteen days from the date of 
            publication in the Record to resolve the conflict in another 
            manner, the Counsel shall take such action as may be 
            necessary to resolve the conflict or inconsistency as 
            recommended. Any instruction or determination made pursuant 
            to this subsection shall not be reviewable in any court of 
            law.
   396.15-3  (c) Computation of period following publication
                For purposes of the computation of the fifteen-day 
            period in subsection (b) of this section--
                            (1) continuity of session is broken only by 
                        an adjournment of Congress sine die; and
                            (2) the days on which the Senate is not in 
                        session because of an adjournment of more than 
                        three days to a date certain are excluded.
   396.15-4  (d) Reimbursement
                The Senate may by resolution authorize the reimbursement 
            of any Member, officer, or employee of the Senate who is not 
            represented by the Counsel for fees and costs, including 
            attorneys' fees, reasonably incurred in obtaining 
            representation. Such reimbursement, shall be from funds 
            appropriated to the contingent fund of the Senate. (Oct. 26, 
            1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, Sec. 710, 92 Stat. 1882.)
     396.16  Sec. 288j. Consideration of resolutions to direct counsel.

  

   396.16-1  (a) Procedure; rules
                (1) A resolution introduced pursuant to section 288b of 
            this title shall not be referred to a committee, except as 
            otherwise required under section 288d(c) of this title. Upon 
            introduction, or upon being reported if required under 
            section 288d(c) of this title, whichever is later, it shall 
            at any time thereafter be in order (even though a previous 
            motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to move to 
            proceed to the consideration of such resolution. A motion to 
            proceed to the consideration of a resolution shall be highly 
            privileged and not debatable. An amendment to such motion 
            shall not be in order, and it shall not be in order to move 
            to reconsider the vote by which such motion is agreed to.
                (2) With respect to a resolution pursuant to section 
            288b(a) of this title, the following rules apply:
                            (A) If the motion to proceed to the 
                        consideration of the resolution is agreed to, 
                        debate thereon shall be limited to not more than 
                        ten hours, which shall be divided equally 
                        between, and controlled by, those favoring and 
                        those opposing the resolution. A motion further 
                        to limit debate shall not be debatable. No 
                        amendment to the resolution shall be in order. 
                        No motion to recommit the resolution shall be in 
                        order, and it shall not be in order to 
                        reconsider the vote by which the resolution is 
                        agreed to.
                            (B) Motions to postpone, made with respect 
                        to the consideration of the resolution, and 
                        motions to proceed to the consideration of other 
                        business, shall be decided without debate.
                            (C) All appeals from the decisions of the 
                        Chair relating to the application of the rules 
                        of the Senate to the procedure relating to the 
                        resolution shall be decided without debate.
   396.16-2  (b) Definition
                For purposes of this chapter, other than section 288b of 
            this title, the term ``committee'' includes standing, 
            select, and special committees of the Senate established by 
            law or resolution.
   396.16-3  (c) Rules of the Senate
                The provisions of this section are enacted--
                            (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power 
                        of the Senate, and, as such, they shall be 
                        considered as part of the rules of the Senate, 
                        and such rules shall supersede any other rule of 
                        the Senate only to the extent that rule is 
                        inconsistent therewith; and
                            (2) with full recognition of the 
                        constitutional right of the Senate to change 
                        such rules at any time, in the same manner, and 
                        to the same extent as in the case of any other 
                        rule of the Senate. (Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-
                        521, Title VII, Sec. 711, 92 Stat. 1882.)
     396.17  Sec. 288k. Attorney General relieved of responsibility.
                (a) Upon receipt of written notice that the Counsel has 
            undertaken, pursuant to section 288c(a) of this title, to 
            perform any representational service with respect to any 
            designated party in any action or proceeding pending or to 
            be instituted, the Attorney General shall--
                            (1) be relieved of any responsibility with 
                        respect to such representational service;
                            (2) have no authority to perform such 
                        service in such action or proceeding except at 
                        the request or with the approval of the Senate; 
                        and
                            (3) transfer all materials relevant to the 
                        representation authorized under section 288c(a) 
                        of this title to the Counsel, except that 
                        nothing in this subsection shall limit any right 
                        of the Attorney General under existing law to 
                        intervene or appear as amicus curiae in such 
                        action or proceeding.
                (b) The Attorney General shall notify the Counsel with 
            respect to any proceeding in which the United States is a 
            party of any determination by the Attorney General or 
            Solicitor General not to appeal any court decision affecting 
            the constitutionality of an Act or joint resolution of 
            Congress within such time as will enable the Senate to 
            direct the Counsel to intervene as a party in such 
            proceeding pursuant to section 288e of this title. (Oct. 26, 
            1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, Sec. 712, 92 Stat. 1883.)
     396.18  Sec. 288l. Procedural provisions.

  

   396.18-1  (a) Intervention or appearance
                Permission to intervene as a party or to appear as 
            amicus curiae under section 288e of this title shall be of 
            right and may be denied by a court only upon an express 
            finding that such intervention or appearance is untimely and 
            would significantly delay the pending action or that 
            standing to intervene has not been established under section 
            2 of article III of the Constitution of the United States.
   396.18-2  (b) Compliance with admission requirements
                The Counsel, the Deputy Counsel, or any designated 
            Assistant Counsel or counsel specially retained by the 
            Office shall be entitled, for the purpose of performing his 
            functions under this chapter, to enter an appearance in any 
            proceeding before any court of the United States or of a 
            State or political subdivision thereof without compliance 
            with any requirement for admission to practice before such 
            court, except that the authorization conferred by this 
            supply with respect to the admission of any such person to 
            practice before the United States Supreme Court.
   396.18-3  (c) Standing to sue; jurisdiction
                Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to confer 
            standing on any party seeking to bring, or jurisdiction on 
            any court with respect to, any civil or criminal action 
            against Congress, either House of Congress, a Member of 
            Congress, a committee or subcommittee of a House of 
            Congress, any office or agency of Congress, or any officer 
            or employee of a House of Congress or any office or agency 
            of Congress. (Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, 
            Sec. 713, 92 Stat. 1883.)
     396.19  Sec. 288m. Contingent fund.
                The expenses of the Office shall be paid from the 
            contingent fund of the Senate in accordance with section 68 
            of this title, and upon vouchers approved by the Counsel. 
            (Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, Sec. 716, 92 
            Stat. 1885.)
            
              Chapter 11.--CITIZENS' COMMISSION ON PUBLIC SERVICE AND 
                                    COMPENSATION

        398  Sec. 351. Citizens' Commission on Public Service and 
                Compensation.
                There is hereby established a commission to be known as 
            the Citizens' Commission on Public Service and Compensation 
            (hereinafter referred to as the ``Commission''). (Dec. 16, 
            1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(a), 81 Stat. 642; Pub. L. 
            101-194, Title VII, Sec. 701(a)(1), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 
            1763.)
      398.1  Sec. 352. Membership.
                (1) The Commission shall be composed of 11 members, who 
            shall be appointed from private life, as follows:
                            (A) 2 appointed by the President of the 
                        United States;
                            (B) 1 appointed by the President pro tempore 
                        of the Senate, upon the recommendation of the 
                        majority and minority leaders of the Senate;
                            (C) 1 appointed by the Speaker of the House 
                        of Representatives;
                            (D) 2 appointed by the Chief Justice of the 
                        United States; and
                            (E) 5 appointed by the Administrator of 
                        General Services in accordance with paragraph 
                        (4).
                (2) No person shall serve as a member of the Commission 
            who is--
                            (A) an officer or employee of the Federal 
                        Government;
                            (B) registered (or required to register) 
                        under the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act [2 
                        U.S.C.A. Sec. 261 et seq.]; or
                            (C) a parent, sibling, spouse, child, or 
                        dependent relative, of anyone under subparagraph 
                        (A) or (B).
                (3) The persons appointed under subparagraphs (A) 
            through (D) of paragraph (1) shall be selected without 
            regard to political affiliation, and should be selected from 
            among persons who have experience or expertise in such areas 
            as government, personnel management, or public 
            administration.
                (4) The Administrator of General Services shall by 
            regulation establish procedures under which persons shall be 
            selected for appointment under paragraph (1)(E). Such 
            procedures--
                            (A) shall be designed in such a way so as to 
                        provide for the maximum degree of geographic 
                        diversity practicable among members under 
                        paragraph (1)(E);
                            (B) shall include provisions under which 
                        those members shall be chosen by lot from among 
                        names randomly selected from voter registration 
                        lists; and
                            (C) shall otherwise comply with applicable 
                        provisions of this subsection.
                (5) The chairperson shall be designated by the 
            President.
                (6) A vacancy in the membership of the Commission shall 
            be filled in the manner in which the original appointment 
            was made.
                (7) Each member of the Commission shall be paid at the 
            rate of $100 for each day such member is engaged upon the 
            work of the Commission and shall be allowed travel expenses, 
            including a per diem allowance, in accordance with section 
            5703 of title 5, when engaged in the performance of services 
            for the Commission.
                (8)(A) The terms of office of persons first appointed as 
            members of the Commission shall be for the period of the 
            1993 fiscal year of the Federal Government, and shall begin 
            not later than February 14, 1993.
                (B) After the close of the 1993 fiscal year of the 
            Federal Government, persons shall be appointed as members of 
            the Commission with respect to every fourth fiscal year 
            following the 1993 fiscal year. The terms of office of 
            persons so appointed shall be for the period of the fiscal 
            year with respect to which the appointment is made, except 
            that, if any appointment is made after the beginning and 
            before the close of any such fiscal year, the term of office 
            based on such appointment shall be for the remainder of such 
            fiscal year.
                (C)(i) Notwithstanding any provision of subparagraph (A) 
            or (B), members of the Commission may continue to serve 
            after the close of a fiscal year, if the date designated by 
            the President under section 357 of this title (relating to 
            the date by which the Commission is to submit its report to 
            the President) is subsequent to the close of such fiscal 
            year, and only if or to the extent necessary to allow the 
            Commission to submit such report.
                (ii) Notwithstanding any provision of section 353 of 
            this title, authority under such subsection shall remain 
            available, after the close of a fiscal year, so long as 
            members of the Commission continue to serve. (Dec. 16, 1967, 
            Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(b), 81 Stat. 642; Dec. 19, 1985, 
            Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 135(a), 99 Stat. 1322; Pub. L. 101-194, 
            Title VII, Sec. 701(b), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1763.)
      398.2  Sec. 353. Executive Director; additional personnel; detail 
                of personnel of other agencies.
                (1) Without regard to the provisions of title 5 
            governing appointments in the competitive service, and the 
            provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of 
            such title, relating to classification and General Schedule 
            pay rates, and on a temporary basis for periods covering all 
            or part of any fiscal year referred to in subparagraphs (A) 
            and (B) of section 352(8) of this title--
                            (A) the Commission is authorized to appoint 
                        an Executive Director and fix his basic pay at 
                        the rate provided for level V of the Executive 
                        Schedule by section 5316 of title 5; and
                            (B) with the approval of the Commission, the 
                        Executive Director is authorized to appoint and 
                        fix the basic pay (at respective rates not in 
                        excess of the maximum rate of the General 
                        Schedule in section 5332 of title 5) of such 
                        additional personnel as may be necessary to 
                        carry out the function of the Commission.
                (2) Upon the request of the Commission, the head of any 
            department, agency, or establishment of any branch of the 
            Federal Government is authorized to detail, on a 
            reimbursable basis, for periods covering all or part of any 
            fiscal year referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 
            section 352(8) of this title, any of the personnel of such 
            department, agency, or establishment to assist the 
            Commission in carrying out its function. (Dec. 16, 1967, 
            Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(c), 81 Stat. 643; Pub. L. 101-194, 
            Title VII, Sec. 701(c), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1764.)
      398.3  Sec. 354. Use of United States mails by Commission.
                The Commission may use the United States mails in the 
            same manner and upon the same conditions as other 
            departments and agencies of the United States. (Dec. 16, 
            1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(d), 81 Stat. 643.)
      398.4  Sec. 355. Administrative support services.
                The Administrator of General Services shall provide 
            administrative support services for the Commission on a 
            reimbursable basis. (Dec. 16, 1967, Pub. L. 90-206, 
            Sec. 225(e), 81 Stat. 643.)
      398.5  Sec. 356. Functions.
                The Commission shall conduct, in each of the respective 
            fiscal years referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 
            section 352 (8) of this title, a review of the rates of pay 
            of--
                            (A) the Vice President of the United States, 
                        Senators, Members of the House of 
                        Representatives, the Resident Commissioner from 
                        Puerto Rico, the Speaker of the House of 
                        Representatives, the President pro tempore of 
                        the Senate, and the majority and minority 
                        leaders of the Senate and the House of 
                        Representatives;
                            (B) offices and positions in the legislative 
                        branch referred to in subsections (a), (b), (c), 
                        and (d) of section 203 of the Federal 
                        Legislative Salary Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 415; 
                        Public Law 88-426);
                            (C) justices, judges, and other personnel in 
                        the judicial branch referred to in section 403 
                        of the Federal Judicial Salary Act of 1964 (78 
                        Stat. 434; Public Law 88-426) except bankruptcy 
                        judges, but including the judges of the United 
                        States Court of Federal Claims;
                            (D) offices and positions under the 
                        Executive Schedule in subchapter II of chapter 
                        53 of title 5; and
                            (E) the Governors of the Board of Governors 
                        of the United States Postal Service appointed 
                        under section 202 of title 39.

            Such review by the Commission shall be made for the purpose 
            of determining and providing--

                            (i) the appropriate pay levels and 
                        relationships between and among the respective 
                        offices and positions covered by such review, 
                        and
                            (ii) the appropriate pay relationships 
                        between such offices and positions and the 
                        offices and positions subject to the provisions 
                        of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 
                        of title 5, relating to classification and 
                        General Schedule pay rates.

            In reviewing the rates of pay of the offices or positions 
            referred to in subparagraph (D) of this section, the 
            Commission shall determine and consider the appropriateness 
            of the executive levels of such offices and positions. (Pub. 
            L. 90-206, Title II, Sec. 255(f), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 
            643; Pub. L. 91-375, Sec. 6(a), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 775; 
            Pub. L. 94-82, Title II Sec. 206(a), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 
            423; Pub. L. 95-598, Title III, Sec. 301, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 
            Stat. 2673; Pub. L. 97-164, Title I, Sec. 143, Apr. 2, 1982, 
            96 Stat. 45; Pub. L. 99-190; Sec. 135(b), Dec. 19, 1985, 99 
            Stat. 1322; Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 101(a) (Title IV, 
            Sec. 408(c)), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329, 1329-27; Pub. 
            L. 101-194, Title VII, Sec. 701(d), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 
            1764; Pub. L. 102-572, Title IX, Sec. 902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 
            1992, 106 Stat. 4516.)

      398.6  Sec. 357. Report by Commission to the President with respect 
                to pay.
                The Commission shall submit to the President a report of 
            the results of each review conducted by the Commission with 
            respect to rates of pay for the offices and positions within 
            the purview of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of 
            section 356 of this title, together with its 
            recommendations. Each such report shall be submitted on such 
            date as the President may designate but not later than 
            December 15 next following the close of the fiscal year in 
            which the review is conducted by the Commission. (Dec. 16, 
            1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(g), 81 Stat. 644; Dec. 19, 
            1985, Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 135(c), 99 Stat. 1322; Pub. L. 
            101-194, Title VII, Sec. 701(e), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 
            1764.)
      398.7  Sec. 358. Recommendations of the President with respect to 
                pay.
                (1) After considering the report and recommendations of 
            the Commission submitted under section 357 of this title, 
            the President shall transmit to Congress his recommendations 
            with respect to the exact rates of pay, for offices and 
            positions within the purview of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), 
            and (D) of section 356 of this title, which the President 
            considers to be fair and reasonable in light of the 
            Commission's report and recommendations, the prevailing 
            market value of the services rendered in the offices and 
            positions involved, the overall economic condition of the 
            country, and the fiscal condition of the Federal Government.
                (2) The President shall transmit his recommendations 
            under this subsection to Congress on the first Monday after 
            January 3 of the first calendar year beginning after the 
            date on which the Commission submits its report and 
            recommendations to the President under section 357 of this 
            title. (Dec. 16, 1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(h), 81 Stat. 
            644; Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 135(d), Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 
            1322; Pub. L. 101-194, Title VII, Sec. 701(f), Nov. 30, 
            1989, 103 Stat. 1765.)
      398.8  Sec. 359. Effective date of recommendations of the 
                President.
                (1) None of the President's recommendations under 
            section 358 of this title shall take effect unless approved 
            under paragraph (2).
                (2)(A) The recommendations of the President under 
            section 358 of this title shall be considered approved under 
            this paragraph if there is enacted into law a bill or joint 
            resolution approving such recommendations in their entirety. 
            This bill or joint resolution shall be passed by recorded 
            vote to reflect the vote of each Member of Congress thereon.
                (B)(i) The provisions of this subparagraph are enacted 
            by the Congress--
                            (I) as an exercise of the rulemaking power 
                        of the Senate and the House of Representatives 
                        and as such shall be considered as part of the 
                        rules of each House, and shall supersede other 
                        rules only to the extent that they are 
                        inconsistent therewith; and
                            (II) with full recognition of the 
                        constitutional right of either House to change 
                        the rules (so far as they relate to the 
                        procedures of that House) at any time in the 
                        same manner, and to the same extent as in the 
                        case of any other rule of that House.
                (ii) During the 60-calendar-day period beginning on the 
            date that the President transmits his recommendations to the 
            Congress under section 358 of this title, it shall be in 
            order as a matter of highest privilege in each House of 
            Congress to consider a bill or joint resolution, if offered 
            by the majority leader of such House (or a designee), 
            approving such recommendations in their entirety.
                (3) Except as provided in paragraph (4), any recommended 
            pay adjustment approved under paragraph (2) shall take 
            effect as of the date proposed by the President under 
            section 358 of this title with respect to such adjustment.
                (4)(A) Notwithstanding the approval of the President's 
            pay recommendations in accordance with paragraph (2), none 
            of those recommendations shall take effect unless, between 
            the date on which the bill or resolution approving those 
            recommendations is signed by the President (or otherwise 
            becomes law) and the earliest date as of which the President 
            proposes (under section 358 of this title) that any of those 
            recommendations take effect, an election of Representatives 
            shall have intervened.
                (B) For purposes of this paragraph, the term ``election 
            of Representatives'' means an election held on the Tuesday 
            following the first Monday of November in any even-numbered 
            calendar year. (Dec. 16, 1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(i), 
            81 Stat. 644; Apr. 12, 1977, Pub. L. 95-19, Sec. 401(a), 91 
            Stat. 45; Dec. 19, 1985, Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 135(e), 99 
            Stat. 1322; Pub. L. 101-194, Title VII, Sec. 701(g), Nov. 
            30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1765.)
      398.9  Sec. 360. Effect of Presidential recommendations on existing 
                law and prior recommendations.
                The recommendations of the President taking effect as 
            provided in subsection 359 of this title shall be held and 
            considered to modify, supersede, or render inapplicable, as 
            the case may be, to the extent inconsistent therewith--
                            (A) all provisions of law enacted prior to 
                        the effective date or dates of all or part (as 
                        the case may be) of such recommendations (other 
                        than any provision of law enacted with respect 
                        to such recommendations in the period beginning 
                        on the date the President transmits his 
                        recommendations to the Congress under section 
                        358 of this title and ending on the date of 
                        their approval under section 359(2) of this 
                        title, and
                            (B) any prior recommendations of the 
                        President which take effect under this chapter. 
                        (Dec. 16, 1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(j), 81 
                        Stat. 644; Apr. 12, 1977, Pub. L. 95-19, 
                        Sec. 401(b), 91 Stat. 46; Dec. 19, 1985, Pub. L. 
                        95-190, Sec. 135(f), 99 Stat. 1322; Pub. L. 99-
                        190, Sec. 135(f), Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1322; 
                        Pub. L. 101-194, Title VII, Sec. 701(h), Nov. 
                        30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1766.)
     398.10  Sec. 361. Publication of recommendations.
                The recommendations of the President which take effect 
            shall be printed in the Statutes at Large in the same volume 
            as public laws and shall be printed in the Federal Register 
            and included in the Code of Federal Regulations. (Dec. 16, 
            1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(k), 81 Stat. 644.)
            Note
                Section 135(g) of Public Law 99-190 (99 Stat. 1323, Dec. 
            19, 1985) provides that the Commission shall not make 
            recommendations on rates of pay in connection with the 
            review of rates of pay conducted in fiscal year 1985 except 
            for the rates of pay of the Governors of the Board of Postal 
            Service.
     398.11  Sec. 362. Requirements applicable to recommendations.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the 
            recommendations submitted by the Commission to the President 
            under section 357 of this title, and the recommendations 
            transmitted by the President to the Congress under section 
            358 of this title shall be in conformance with the 
            following:
                            (1) Any recommended pay adjustment shall 
                        specify the date as of which it is proposed that 
                        such adjustment take effect.
                            (2) The proposed effective date of a pay 
                        adjustment may occur no earlier than January 1 
                        of the second fiscal year, and not later than 
                        December 31 next following the close of the 
                        fifth fiscal year, beginning after the fiscal 
                        year in which the Commission conducts its review 
                        under section 356 of this title.
                            (3)(A)(i) The rates of pay recommended for 
                        the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the 
                        Vice President of the United States, and the 
                        Chief Justice of the United States, 
                        respectively, shall be equal.
                            (ii) The rates of pay recommended for the 
                        majority and minority leaders of the Senate and 
                        the House of Representatives, the President pro 
                        tempore of the Senate, and each office or 
                        position under section 5312 of title 5, 
                        (relating to level I of the Executive Schedule), 
                        respectively, shall be equal.
                            (iii) The rates of pay recommended for a 
                        Senator, a Member of the House of 
                        Representatives, the Resident Commissioner from 
                        Puerto Rico, a Delegate to the House of 
                        Representatives, a judge of a district court of 
                        the United States, a judge of the United States 
                        Court of International Trade, and each office or 
                        position under section 5313 of title 5, 
                        (relating to level II of the Executive 
                        Schedule), respectively, shall be equal.
                            (B) Nothing in this subsection shall be 
                        considered to require that the rate recommended 
                        for any office or position by the President 
                        under section 358 of this title be the same as 
                        the rate recommended for such office or position 
                        by the Commission under section 357 of this 
                        title. (Pub. L. 90-206, Title II, Sec. 225(l), 
                        as added Pub. L. 101-194, Title VII, 
                        Sec. 701(i), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1766.)
     398.12  Sec. 363. Additional function.
                The Commission shall, whenever it conducts a review 
            under section 356 of this title, also conduct a review under 
            this section relating to any recruitment or retention 
            problems, and any public policy issues involved in 
            maintaining appropriate ethical standards, with respect to 
            any offices or positions within the Federal public service. 
            Any findings or recommendations under this section shall be 
            included by the Commission as part of its report to the 
            President under section 357 of this title. (Pub. L. 90-206, 
            Title II, Sec. 225(m), as added Pub. L. 101-194, Title VII, 
            Sec. 701(j), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1767.)
     398.13  Sec. 364. Provision relating to certain other pay 
                adjustments.
                (1) A provision of law increasing the rate of pay 
            payable for an office or position within the purview of 
            subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of section 356 of this 
            title shall not take effect before the beginning of the 
            Congress following the Congress during which such provision 
            is enacted.
                (2) For purposes of this section, a provision of law 
            enacted during the period beginning on the Tuesday following 
            the first Monday of November of an even-numbered year of any 
            Congress and ending at noon on the following January 3 shall 
            be considered to have been enacted during the first session 
            of the following Congress.
                (3) Nothing in this section shall be considered to apply 
            wtih respect to any pay increase--
                            (A) which takes effect under the preceding 
                        sections of this chapter;
                            (B) which is based on a change in the 
                        Employment Cost Index (as determined under 
                        section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 
                        1989) or which is in lieu of any pay adjustment 
                        which might otherwise be made in a year based on 
                        a change in such index (as so determined); or
                            (C) which takes effect under section 702 or 
                        703 of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. (Pub. L. 
                        90-206, Title II, Sec. 225(n), as added Pub. L. 
                        101-194, Title VII, Sec. 701(k), Nov. 30, 1989, 
                        103 Stat. 1767.)
        399  
              Chapter 13.--JOINT COMMITTEE ON CONGRESSIONAL OPERATIONS

                Repealed. Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 212(1)(A), 
            (2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1745.
            
                       Chapter 14.--FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS

            
                 Subchapter I.--Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds

      399.8  Sec. 431. Definitions.
                When used in this Act:
                (1) The term ``election'' means--
                            (A) a general, special, primary, or runoff 
                        election;
                            (B) a convention or caucus of a political 
                        party which has authority to nominate a 
                        candidate;
                            (C) a primary election held for the 
                        selection of delegates to a national nominating 
                        convention of a political party; and
                            (D) a primary election held for the 
                        expression of a preference for the nomination of 
                        individuals for election to the office of 
                        President.
                (2) The term ``candidate'' means an individual who seeks 
            nomination for election, or election, to Federal office, and 
            for purposes of this paragraph, an individual shall be 
            deemed to seek nomination for election, or election--
                            (A) if such individual has received 
                        contributions aggregating in excess of $5,000 or 
                        has made expenditures aggregating in excess of 
                        $5,000; or
                            (B) if such individual has given his or her 
                        consent to another person to receive 
                        contributions or make expenditures on behalf of 
                        such individual and if such person has received 
                        such contributions aggregating in excess of 
                        $5,000 or has made such expenditures aggregating 
                        in excess of $5,000.
                (3) The term ``Federal office'' means the office of 
            President or Vice President, or of Senator or Representative 
            in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress.
                (4) The term ``political committee'' means--
                            (A) any committee, club, association, or 
                        other group of persons which receives 
                        contributions aggregating in excess of $1,000 
                        during a calendar year or which makes 
                        expenditures aggregating in excess of $1,000 
                        during a calendar year; or
                            (B) any separate segregated fund established 
                        under the provisions of section 441b(b) of this 
                        title; or
                            (C) any local committee of a political party 
                        which receives contributions aggregating in 
                        excess of $5,000 during a calendar year, or 
                        makes payments exempted from the definition of 
                        contribution or expenditure as defined in 
                        paragraphs (8) and (9) of this section 
                        aggregating in excess of $5,000 during a 
                        calendar year, or makes contributions 
                        aggregating in excess of $1,000 during a 
                        calendar year or makes expenditures aggregating 
                        in excess of $1,000 during a calendar year.
                (5) The term ``principal campaign committee'' means a 
            political committee designated and authorized by a candidate 
            under section 432(e)(1) of this title.
                (6) The term ``authorized committee'' means the 
            principal campaign committee or any other political 
            committee authorized by a candidate under section 432(e)(1) 
            of this title to receive contributions or make expenditures 
            on behalf of such candidate.
                (7) The term ``connected organization'' means any 
            organization which is not a political committee but which 
            directly or indirectly establishes, administers, or 
            financially supports a political committee.
                (8)(A) The term ``contribution'' includes--
                            (i) any gift, subscription, loan, advance, 
                        or deposit of money or anything of value made by 
                        any person for the purpose of influencing any 
                        election for Federal office; or
                            (ii) the payment by any person of 
                        compensation for the personal services of 
                        another person which are rendered to a political 
                        committee without charge for any purpose.
                (B) The term ``contribution'' does not include--
                            (i) the value of services provided without 
                        compensation by any individual who volunteers on 
                        behalf of a candidate or political committee;
                            (ii) the use of real or personal property, 
                        including a church or community room used on a 
                        regular basis by members of a community for 
                        noncommercial purposes, and the cost of 
                        invitations, food, and beverages, voluntarily 
                        provided by an individual to any candidate or 
                        any political committee of a political party in 
                        rendering voluntary personal services on the 
                        individual's residential premises or in the 
                        church or community room for candidate-related 
                        or political party-related activities, to the 
                        extent that the cumulative value of such 
                        invitations, food, and beverages provided by 
                        such individual on behalf of any single 
                        candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect to 
                        any single election, and on behalf of all 
                        political committees of a political party does 
                        not exceed $2,000 in any calendar year;
                            (iii) the sale of any food or beverage by a 
                        vendor for use in any candidate's campaign or 
                        for use by or on behalf of any political 
                        committee of a political party at a charge less 
                        than the normal comparable charge, if such 
                        charge is at least equal to the cost of such 
                        food or beverage to the vendor, to the extent 
                        that the cumulative value of such activity by 
                        such vendor on behalf of any single candidate 
                        does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any 
                        single election, and on behalf of all political 
                        committees of a political party does not exceed 
                        $2,000 in any calendar year;
                            (iv) any unreimbursed payment for travel 
                        expenses made by any individual on behalf of any 
                        candidate or any political committee of a 
                        political party, to the extent that the 
                        cumulative value of such activity by such 
                        individual on behalf of any single candidate 
                        does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any 
                        single election, and on behalf of all political 
                        committees of a political party does not exceed 
                        $2,000 in any calendar year;
                            (v) the payment by a State or local 
                        committee of a political party of the costs of 
                        preparation, display, or mailing or other 
                        distribution incurred by such committee with 
                        respect to a printed slate card or sample 
                        ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 or more 
                        candidates for any public office for which an 
                        election is held in the State in which such 
                        committee is organized, except that this clause 
                        shall not apply to any cost incurred by such 
                        committee with respect to a display of any such 
                        listing made on broadcasting stations, or in 
                        newspapers, magazines, or similar types of 
                        general public political advertising;
                            (vi) any payment made or obligation incurred 
                        by a corporation or a labor organization which, 
                        under section 441b(b) of this title, would not 
                        constitute an expenditure by such corporation or 
                        labor organization;
                            (vii) any loan of money by a State bank, a 
                        federally chartered depository institution, or a 
                        depository institution the deposits or accounts 
                        of which are insured by the Federal Deposit 
                        Insurance Corporation, Federal Savings and Loan 
                        Insurance Corporation, or the National Credit 
                        Union Administration, other than any overdraft 
                        made with respect to a checking or savings 
                        account, made in accordance with applicable law 
                        and in the ordinary course of business, but such 
                        loan--

                                (I) shall be considered a loan by each 
                            endorser or guarantor, in that proportion of 
                            the unpaid balance that each endorser or 
                            guarantor bears to the total number of 
                            endorsers or guarantors;

                                (II) shall be made on a basis which 
                            assures repayment, evidenced by a written 
                            instrument, and subject to a due date or 
                            amortization schedule; and

                                (III) shall bear the usual and customary 
                            interest rate of the lending institution;

                            (viii) any gift, subscription, loan, 
                        advance, or deposit of money or anything of 
                        value to a national or a State committee of a 
                        political party specifically designated to 
                        defray any cost for construction or purchase of 
                        any office facility not acquired for the purpose 
                        of influencing the election of any candidate in 
                        any particular election for Federal office;
                            (ix) any legal or accounting services 
                        rendered to or on behalf of--

                                (I) any political committee of a 
                            political party if the person paying for 
                            such services is the regular employer of the 
                            person rendering such services and if such 
                            services are not attributable to activities 
                            which directly further the election of any 
                            designated candidate to Federal office; or

                                (II) an authorized committee of a 
                            candidate or any other political committee, 
                            if the person paying for such services is 
                            the regular employer of the individual 
                            rendering such services and if such services 
                            are solely for the purpose of ensuring 
                            compliance with this Act or chapter 95 or 
                            chapter 96 of title 26,

                    but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer 
                    for such legal or accounting services shall be 
                    reported in accordance with section 434(b) of this 
                    title by the committee receiving such services;
                            (x) the payment by a State or local 
                        committee of a political party of the costs of 
                        campaign materials (such as pins, bumper 
                        stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party 
                        tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee 
                        in connection with volunteer activities on 
                        behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, 
                        That--

                                (1) such payments are not for the costs 
                            of campaign materials or activities used in 
                            connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, 
                            magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar 
                            type of general public communication or 
                            political advertising;

                                (2) such payments are made from 
                            contributions subject to the limitations and 
                            prohibitions of this Act; and

                                (3) such payments are not made from 
                            contributions designated to be spent on 
                            behalf of a particular candidate or 
                            particular candidates;

                            (xi) the payment by a candidate, for 
                        nomination or election to any public office 
                        (including State or local office), or authorized 
                        committee of a candidate, of the costs of 
                        campaign materials which include information on 
                        or reference to any other candidate and which 
                        are used in connection with volunteer activities 
                        (including pins, bumper stickers, handbills, 
                        brochures, posters, and yard signs, but not 
                        including the use of broadcasting, newspapers, 
                        magazines, billboards, direct mail, or similar 
                        types of general public communication or 
                        political advertising); Provided, That such 
                        payments are made from contributions subject to 
                        the limitations and prohibitions of this Act;
                            (xii) the payment by a State or local 
                        committee of a political party of the costs of 
                        voter registration and get-out-the-vote 
                        activities conducted by such committee on behalf 
                        of nominees of such party for President and Vice 
                        President: Provided, That--

                                (1) such payments are not for the costs 
                            of campaign materials or activities used in 
                            connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, 
                            magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar 
                            type of general public communication or 
                            political advertising;

                                (2) such payments are made from 
                            contributions subject to the limitations and 
                            prohibitions of this Act; and

                                (3) such payments are not made from 
                            contributions designated to be spent on 
                            behalf of a particular candidate or 
                            candidates;

                            (xiii) payments made by a candidate or the 
                        authorized committee of a candidate as a 
                        condition of ballot access and payments received 
                        by any political party committee as a condition 
                        of ballot access; and
                            (xiv) any honorarium (within the meaning of 
                        section 441i of this title).
                (9)(A) The term ``expenditure'' includes--
                            (i) any purchase, payment, distribution, 
                        loan, advance, deposit, or gift of money or 
                        anything of value, made by any person for the 
                        purpose of influencing any election for Federal 
                        office; and
                            (ii) a written contract, promise, or 
                        agreement to make an expenditure.
                (B) The term ``expenditure'' does not include--
                            (i) any news story, commentary, or editorial 
                        distributed through the facilities of any 
                        broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, or 
                        other periodical publication, unless such 
                        facilities are owned or controlled by any 
                        political party, political committee, or 
                        candidate;
                            (ii) nonpartisan activity designed to 
                        encourage individuals to vote or to register to 
                        vote;
                            (iii) any communication by any membership 
                        organization or corporation to its members, 
                        stockholders, or executive or administrative 
                        personnel, if such membership organization or 
                        corporation is not organized primarily for the 
                        purpose of influencing the nomination for 
                        election, or election, of any individual to 
                        Federal office, except that the costs incurred 
                        by a membership organization (including a labor 
                        organization) or by a corporation directly 
                        attributable to a communication expressly 
                        advocating the election or defeat of a clearly 
                        identified candidate (other than a communication 
                        primarily devoted to subjects other than the 
                        express advocacy of the election or defeat of a 
                        clearly identified candidate), shall, if such 
                        costs exceed $2,000 for any election, be 
                        reported to the Commission in accordance with 
                        section 434(a)(4)(A)(i) of this title, and in 
                        accordance with section 434(a)(4)(A)(ii) of this 
                        title with respect to any general election;
                            (iv) the payment by a State or local 
                        committee of a political party of the costs of 
                        preparation, display, or mailing or other 
                        distribution incurred by such committee with 
                        respect to a printed slate card or sample 
                        ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 of more 
                        candidates for any public office for which an 
                        election is held in the State in which such 
                        committee is organized, except that this clause 
                        shall not apply to costs incurred by such 
                        committee with respect to a display of any such 
                        listing made on broadcasting stations, or in 
                        newspapers, magazines, or similar types of 
                        general public political advertising;
                            (v) any payment made or obligation incurred 
                        by a corporation or a labor organization which, 
                        under section 441b(b) of this title, would not 
                        constitute an expenditure by such corporation or 
                        labor organization;
                            (vi) any costs incurred by an authorized 
                        committee or candidate in connection with the 
                        solicitation of contributions on behalf of such 
                        candidate, except that this clause shall not 
                        apply with respect to costs incurred by an 
                        authorized committee of a candidate in excess of 
                        an amount equal to 20 percent of the expenditure 
                        limitation applicable to such candidate under 
                        section 441a(b) of this title, but all such 
                        costs shall be reported in accordance with 
                        section 434(b) of this title;
                            (vii) the payment of compensation for legal 
                        or accounting services--

                                (I) rendered to or on behalf of any 
                            political committee of a political party if 
                            the person paying for such services is the 
                            regular employer of the individual rendering 
                            such services, and if such services are not 
                            attributable to activities which directly 
                            further the election of any designated 
                            candidate to Federal office; or

                                (II) rendered to or on behalf of a 
                            candidate or political committee if the 
                            person paying for such services is the 
                            regular employer of the individual rendering 
                            such services, and if such services are 
                            solely for the purpose of ensuring 
                            compliance with this Act or chapter 95 or 
                            chapter 96 of title 26,

            but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer for 
            such legal or accounting services shall be reported in 
            accordance with section 434(b) of this title by the 
            committee receiving such services;

                            (viii) the payment by a State or local 
                        committee of a political party of the costs of 
                        campaign materials (such as pins, bumper 
                        stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party 
                        tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee 
                        in connection with volunteer activities on 
                        behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, 
                        That--

                                (1) such payments are not for the costs 
                            of campaign materials or activities used in 
                            connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, 
                            magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar 
                            type of general public communication or 
                            political advertising;

                                (2) such payments are made from 
                            contributions subject to the limitations and 
                            prohibitions of this Act; and

                                (3) such payments are not made from 
                            contributions designated to be spent on 
                            behalf of a particular candidate or 
                            particular candidates;

                            (ix) the payment by a State or local 
                        committee of a political party of the costs of 
                        voter registration and get-out-the-vote 
                        activities conducted by such committee on behalf 
                        of nominees of such party for President and Vice 
                        President: Provided, That--

                                (1) such payments are not for the costs 
                            of campaign materials or activities used in 
                            connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, 
                            magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar 
                            type of general public communication or 
                            political advertising;

                                (2) such payments are made from 
                            contributions subject to the limitations and 
                            prohibitions of this Act; and

                                (3) such payments are not made from 
                            contributions designated to be spent on 
                            behalf of a particular candidate or 
                            candidates; and

                            (x) payments received by a political party 
                        committee as a condition of ballot access which 
                        are transferred to another political party 
                        committee or the appropriate State official.
                (10) The term ``Commission'' means the Federal Election 
            Commission.
                (11) The term ``person'' includes an individual, 
            partnership, committee, association, corporation, labor 
            organization, or any other organization or group of persons, 
            but such term does not include the Federal Government or any 
            authority of the Federal Government.
                (12) The term ``State'' means a State of the United 
            States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto 
            Rico, or a territory or possession of the United States.
                (13) The term ``identification'' means--
                            (A) in the case of any individual, the name, 
                        the mailing address, and the occupation of such 
                        individual, as well as the name of his or her 
                        employer; and
                            (B) in the case of any other person, the 
                        full name and address of such person.
                (14) The term ``national committee'' means the 
            organization which, by virtue of the bylaws of a political 
            party, is responsible for the day-to-day operation of such 
            political party at the national level, as determined by the 
            Commission.
                (15) The term ``State committee'' means the organization 
            which, by virtue of the bylaws of a political party, is 
            responsible for the day-to-day operation of such political 
            party at the State level, as determined by the Commission.
                (16) The term ``political party'' means an association, 
            committee, or organization which nominates a candidate for 
            election to any Federal office whose name appears on the 
            election ballot as the candidate of such association, 
            committee, or organization.
                (17) The term ``independent expenditure'' means an 
            expenditure by a person expressly advocating the election or 
            defeat of a clearly identified candidate which is made 
            without cooperation or consultation with any candidate, or 
            any authorized committee or agent of such candidate, and 
            which is not made in concert with, or at the request or 
            suggestion of, any candidate, or any authorized committee or 
            agent of such candidate.
                (18) The term ``clearly identified'' means that--
                            (A) the name of the candidate involved 
                        appears;
                            (B) a photograph or drawing of the candidate 
                        appears; or
                            (C) the identity of the candidate is 
                        apparent by unambiguous reference.
                (19) The term ``Act'' means the Federal Election 
            Campaign Act of 1971 as amended. (Feb. 7, 1972, Pub. L. 92-
            225, Sec. 301, 86 Stat. 11; amended Oct. 15, 1974, Pub. L. 
            93-443, Sec. 201(a), 208(c)(1), 88 Stat. 1272, 1286; amended 
            May 11, 1976, Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 102, 115(d), (h), 90 
            Stat. 478, 495, 496; amended Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-187, 
            Title I, Sec. 101, 93 Stat. 1339; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99-
            514, Sec. 2, 100 Stat. 2095.)
      399.9  Sec. 432. Organization of political committees.
            (a) Treasurer; vacancy; official authorizations
                Every political committee shall have a treasurer. No 
            contribution or expenditure shall be accepted or made by or 
            on behalf of a political committee during any period in 
            which the office of treasurer is vacant. No expenditure 
            shall be made for or on behalf of a political committee 
            without the authorization of the treasurer or his or her 
            designated agent.
            (b) Account of contributions; segregated funds
                (1) Every person who receives a contribution for an 
            authorized political committee shall, no later than 10 days 
            after receiving such contribution, forward to the treasurer 
            such contribution, and if the amount of the contribution is 
            in excess of $50 the name and address of the person making 
            the contribution and the date of receipt.
                (2) Every person who receives a contribution for a 
            political committee which is not an authorized committee 
            shall--
                            (A) if the amount of the contribution is $50 
                        or less, forward to the treasurer such 
                        contribution no later than 30 days after 
                        receiving the contribution; and
                            (B) if the amount of the contribution is in 
                        excess of $50, forward to the treasurer such 
                        contribution, the name and address of the person 
                        making the contribution, and the date of receipt 
                        of the contribution, no later than 10 days after 
                        receiving the contribution.
                (3) All funds of a political committee shall be 
            segregated from, and may not be commingled with, the 
            personal funds of any individual.
            (c) Recordkeeping
                The treasurer of a political committee shall keep an 
            account of--
                            (1) all contributions received by or on 
                        behalf of such political committee;
                            (2) the name and address of any person who 
                        makes any contribution in excess of $50, 
                        together with the date and amount of such 
                        contribution by any person;
                            (3) the identification of any person who 
                        makes a contribution or contributions 
                        aggregating more than $200 during a calendar 
                        year, together with the date and amount of any 
                        such contribution;
                            (4) the identification of any political 
                        committee which makes a contribution, together 
                        with the date and amount of any such 
                        contribution; and
                            (5) the name and address of every person to 
                        whom any disbursement is made, the date, amount, 
                        and purpose of the disbursement, and the name of 
                        the candidate and the office sought by the 
                        candidate, if any, for whom the disbursement was 
                        made, including a receipt, invoice, or canceled 
                        check for each disbursement in excess of $200.
            (d) Preservation of records and copies of reports
                The treasurer shall preserve all records required to be 
            kept by this section and copies of all reports required to 
            be filed by this subchapter for 3 years after the report is 
            filed. For any report filed in electronic format under 
            section 434(a)(11) of this title, the treasurer shall retain 
            a machine-readable copy of the report as the copy preserved 
            under the preceding sentence.
            (e) Principal and additional campaign committees; 
                designations, status of candidate, authorized 
                committees, etc.
                (1) Each candidate for Federal office (other than the 
            nominee for the office of Vice President) shall designate in 
            writing a political committee in accordance with paragraph 
            (3) to serve as the principal campaign committee of such 
            candidate. Such designation shall be made no later than 15 
            days after becoming a candidate. A candidate may designate 
            additional political committees in accordance with paragraph 
            (3) to serve as authorized committees of such candidate. 
            Such designation shall be in writing and filed with the 
            principal campaign committee of such candidate in accordance 
            with subsection (f)(1) of this section.
                (2) Any candidate described in paragraph (1) who 
            receives a contribution, or any loan for use in connection 
            with the campaign of such candidate for election, or makes a 
            disbursement in connection with such campaign, shall be 
            considered, for purposes of this Act, as having received the 
            contribution or loan, or as having made the disbursement, as 
            the case may be, as an agent of the authorized committee or 
            committees of such candidate.
                (3)(A) No political committee which supports or has 
            supported more than one candidate may be designated as an 
            authorized committee, except that--
                            (i) the candidate for the office of 
                        President nominated by a political party may 
                        designate the national committee of such 
                        political party as a principal campaign 
                        committee, but only if that national committee 
                        maintains separate books of account with respect 
                        to its function as a principal campaign 
                        committee; and
                            (ii) candidates may designate a political 
                        committee established solely for the purpose of 
                        joint fundraising by such candidates as an 
                        authorized committee.
                (B) As used in this section, the term ``support'' does 
            not include a contribution by any authorized committee in 
            amounts of $1,000 or less to an authorized committee of any 
            other candidate.
                (4) The name of each authorized committee shall include 
            the name of the candidate who authorized such committee 
            under paragraph (1). In the case of any political committee 
            which is not an authorized committee, such political 
            committee shall not include the name of any candidate in its 
            name.
                (5) The name of any separate segregated fund established 
            pursuant to section 441b(b) of this title shall include the 
            name of its connected organization.
            (f) Filing with and receipt of designations, statements, and 
                reports by principal campaign committee
                (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, 
            each designation, statement, or report of receipts or 
            disbursements made by an authorized committee of a candidate 
            shall be filed with the candidate's principal campaign 
            committee.
                (2) Each principal campaign committee shall receive all 
            designations, statements, and reports required to be filed 
            with it under paragraph (1) and shall compile and file such 
            designations, statements, and reports in accordance with 
            this Act.
            (g) Filing with and receipt of designations, statements, and 
                reports by Secretary of the Senate; forwarding to 
                Commission; filing requirements with Commission; public 
                inspection and preservation of designations, etc.
                (1) Designations, statements, and reports required to be 
            filed under this Act by a candidate for the office of 
            Senator, by the principal campaign committee of such 
            candidate, and by the Republican and Democratic Senatorial 
            Campaign Committees shall be filed with the Secretary of the 
            Senate, who shall receive such designations, statements, and 
            reports, as custodian for the Commission.
                (2) The Secretary of the Senate shall forward a copy of 
            any designation, statement, or report filed with the 
            Secretary under this subsection to the Commission as soon as 
            possible (but no later than 2 working days) after receiving 
            such designation, statement, or report.
                (3) All designations, statements, and reports required 
            to be filed under this Act, except designations, statements, 
            and reports filed in accordance with paragraph (1), shall be 
            filed with the Commission.
                (4) The Secretary of the Senate shall make the 
            designations, statements, and reports received under this 
            subsection available for public inspection and copying in 
            the same manner as the Commission under section 438(a)(4) of 
            this title, and shall preserve such designations, 
            statements, and reports in the same manner as the Commission 
            under section 438(a)(5) of this title.
            (h) Campaign depositories; designations, maintenance of 
                accounts, etc.; petty cash fund for disbursements; 
                record of disbursements
                (1) Each political committee shall designate one or more 
            State banks, federally chartered depository institutions, or 
            depository institutions the deposits or accounts of which 
            are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
            the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, or the 
            National Credit Union Administration, as its campaign 
            depository or depositories. Each political committee shall 
            maintain at least one checking account and such other 
            accounts as the committee determines at a depository 
            designated by such committee. All receipts received by such 
            committee shall be deposited in such accounts. No 
            disbursements may be made (other than petty cash 
            disbursements under paragraph (2)) by such committee except 
            by check drawn on such accounts in accordance with this 
            section.
                (2) A political committee may maintain a petty cash fund 
            for disbursements not in excess of $100 to any person in 
            connection with a single purchase or transaction. A record 
            of all petty cash disbursements shall be maintained in 
            accordance with subsection (c)(5) of this section.
                (i) When the treasurer of a political committee shows 
            that best efforts have been used to obtain, maintain, and 
            submit the information required by this Act for the 
            political committee, any report or any records of such 
            committee shall be considered in compliance with this Act or 
            chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26. (Feb. 7, 1972, Pub. L. 
            92-225, Sec. 302, 86 Stat. 12; amended Oct. 15, 1974, Pub. 
            L. 93-443, Sec. 202, 208(c)(2), 88 Stat. 1275, 1286; amended 
            May 11, 1976, Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 103, 90 Stat. 480; 
            amended Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, Sec. 102, 93 
            Stat. 1345; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 
            2095; Pub. L. 104-79, Sec. 1(b), 3(a), Dec. 28, 1995, 109 
            Stat. 791, 792.)
     399.10  Sec. 433. Registration of political committees.
            (a) Statements of organizations
                Each authorized campaign committee shall file a 
            statement of organization no later than 10 days after 
            designation pursuant to section 432(e)(1) of this title. 
            Each separate segregated fund established under the 
            provisions of section 441b(b) of this title shall file a 
            statement of organization no later than 10 days after 
            establishment. All other committees shall file a statement 
            or organization within 10 days after becoming a political 
            committee within the meaning of section 431(4) of this 
            title.
            (b) Contents of statements
                The statement of organization of a political committee 
            shall include--
                            (1) the name, address, and type of 
                        committee;
                            (2) the name, address, relationship, and 
                        type of any connected organization or affiliated 
                        committee;
                            (3) the name, address, and position of the 
                        custodian of books and accounts of the 
                        committee;
                            (4) the name and address of the treasurer of 
                        the committee;
                            (5) if the committee is authorized by a 
                        candidate, the name, address, office sought, and 
                        party affiliation of the candidate; and
                            (6) a listing of all banks, safety deposit 
                        boxes, or other depositories used by the 
                        committee.
            (c) Change of information in statements
                Any change in information previously submitted in a 
            statement of organization shall be reported in accordance 
            with section 432(g) of this title no later than 10 days 
            after the date of the change.
            (d) Termination, etc., requirements and authorities
                (1) A political committee may terminate only when such a 
            committee files a written statement, in accordance with 
            section 432(g) of this title, that it will no longer receive 
            any contributions or make any disbursements and that such 
            committee has no outstanding debts or obligations.
                (2) Nothing contained in this subsection may be 
            construed to eliminate or limit the authority of the 
            Commission to establish procedures for--
                            (A) the determination of insolvency with 
                        respect to any political committee;
                            (B) the orderly liquidation of an insolvent 
                        political committee, and the orderly application 
                        of its assets for the reduction of outstanding 
                        debts; and
                            (C) the termination of an insolvent 
                        political committee after such liquidation and 
                        application of assets.

            (Feb. 7, 1972, Pub. L. 92-225, Sec. 303, 86 Stat. 14; 
            amended Oct. 15, 1974, Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 203, 208(c)(3), 
            88 Stat. 1276, 1886; amended Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-187, 
            Title I, Sec. 103, 93 Stat. 1347.)

     399.11  Sec. 434. Reporting requirements.
            (a) Receipts and disbursements by treasurers of political 
                committees; filing requirements
                (1) Each treasurer of a political committee shall file 
            reports of receipts and disbursements in accordance with the 
            provisions of this subsection. The treasurer shall sign each 
            such report.
                (2) If the political committee is the principal campaign 
            committee of a candidate for the House of Representatives or 
            for the Senate--
                            (A) in any calendar year during which there 
                        is regularly scheduled election for which such 
                        candidate is seeking election, or nomination for 
                        election, the treasurer shall file the following 
                        reports:

                                (i) a pre-election report, which shall 
                            be filed no later than the 12th day before 
                            (or posted by registered or certified mail 
                            no later than the 15th day before) any 
                            election in which such candidate is seeking 
                            election, or nomination for election, and 
                            which shall be complete as of the 20th day 
                            before such election;

                                (ii) a post-general election report, 
                            which shall be filed no later than the 30th 
                            day after any general election in which such 
                            candidate has sought election, and which 
                            shall be complete as of the 20th day after 
                            such general election; and

                                (iii) additional quarterly reports, 
                            which shall be filed no later than the 15th 
                            day after the last day of each calendar 
                            quarter, and which shall be complete as of 
                            the last day of each calendar quarter: 
                            except that the report for the quarter 
                            ending December 31 shall be filed no later 
                            than January 31 of the following calendar 
                            year; and

                            (B) in any other calendar year the following 
                        reports shall be filed:

                                (i) a report covering the period 
                            beginning January 1 and ending June 30, 
                            which shall be filed no later than July 31; 
                            and

                                (ii) a report covering the period 
                            beginning July 1 and ending December 31, 
                            which shall be filed no later than January 
                            31 of the following calendar year.

                (3) If the committee is the principal campaign committee 
            of a candidate for the office of President--
                            (A) in any calendar year during which a 
                        general election is held to fill such office--

                                (i) the treasurer shall file monthly 
                            reports if such committee has on January 1 
                            of such year, received contributions 
                            aggregating $100,000 or made expenditures 
                            aggregating $100,000 or anticipates 
                            receiving contributions aggregating $100,000 
                            or more or making expenditures aggregating 
                            $100,000 or more during such year: such 
                            monthly reports shall be filed no later than 
                            the 20th day after the last day of each 
                            month and shall be complete as of the last 
                            day of the month, except that, in lieu of 
                            filing the report otherwise due in November 
                            and December, a pre-general election report 
                            shall be filed in accordance with paragraph 
                            (2)(A)(i), a post-general election report 
                            shall be filed in accordance with paragraph 
                            (2)(A)(ii), and a year end report shall be 
                            filed no later than January 31 of the 
                            following calendar year;

                                (ii) the treasurer of the other 
                            principal campaign committees of a candidate 
                            for the office of President shall file a 
                            pre-election report or reports in accordance 
                            with paragraph (2)(A)(i), a post-general 
                            election report in accordance with paragraph 
                            (2)(A)(ii), and quarterly reports in 
                            accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(iii); and

                                (iii) if at any time during the election 
                            year a committee filing under paragraph 
                            (3)(A)(ii) receives contributions in excess 
                            of $100,000 or makes expenditures in excess 
                            of $100,000, the treasurer shall begin 
                            filing monthly reports under paragraph 
                            (3)(A)(i) at the next reporting period; and

                            (B) in any other calendar year, the 
                        treasurer shall file either--

                                (i) monthly reports, which shall be 
                            filed no later than the 20th day after the 
                            last day of each month and shall be complete 
                            as of the last day of the month; or

                                (ii) quarterly reports, which shall be 
                            filed no later than the 15th day after the 
                            last day of each calendar quarter and which 
                            shall be complete as of the last day of each 
                            calendar quarter.

                (4) All political committees other than authorized 
            committees of a candidate shall file either--
                            (A)(i) quarterly reports, in a calendar year 
                        in which a regularly scheduled general election 
                        is held, which shall be filed no later than the 
                        15th day after the last day of each calendar 
                        quarter: except that the report for the quarter 
                        ending on December 31 of such calendar year 
                        shall be filed no later than January 31 of the 
                        following calendar year;
                            (ii) a pre-election report, which shall be 
                        filed no later than the 12th day before (or 
                        posted by registered or certified mail no later 
                        than the 15th day before) any election in which 
                        the committee makes a contribution to or 
                        expenditure on behalf of a candidate in such 
                        election, and which shall be complete as of the 
                        20th day before the election;
                            (iii) a post-general election report, which 
                        shall be filed no later than the 30th day after 
                        the general election and which shall be complete 
                        as of the 20th day after such general election; 
                        and
                            (iv) in any other calendar year, a report 
                        covering the period beginning January 1 and 
                        ending June 30, which shall be filed no later 
                        than July 31 and a report covering the period 
                        beginning July 1 and ending December 31, which 
                        shall be filed no later than January 31 of the 
                        following calendar year; or
                            (B) monthly reports in all calendar years 
                        which shall be filed no later than the 20th day 
                        after the last day of the month and shall be 
                        complete as of the last day of the month, except 
                        that, in lieu of filing the reports otherwise 
                        due in November and December of any year in 
                        which a regularly scheduled general election is 
                        held, a pre-general election report shall be 
                        filed in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(i), a 
                        post-general election report shall be filed in 
                        accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(ii), and a year 
                        end report shall be filed no later than January 
                        31 of the following calendar year.
                (5) If a designation, report, or statement filed 
            pursuant to this Act (other than under paragraph (2)(A)(i) 
            or (4)(A)(ii)) is sent by registered or certified mail, the 
            United States postmark shall be considered the date of 
            filing of the designation, report, or statement.
                (6)(A) The principal campaign committee of a candidate 
            shall notify the Secretary or the Commission, and the 
            Secretary of State, as appropriate, in writing, of any 
            contribution of $1,000 or more received by any authorized 
            committee of such candidate after the 20th day, but more 
            than 48 hours before, any election. This notification shall 
            be made within 48 hours after the receipt of such 
            contribution and shall include the name of the candidate and 
            the office sought by the candidate, the identification of 
            the contributor, and the date of receipt and amount of the 
            contribution.
                (B) The notification required under this paragraph shall 
            be in addition to all other reporting requirements under 
            this Act.
                (7) The reports required to be filed by this subsection 
            shall be cumulative during the calendar year to which they 
            relate, but where there has been no change in an item 
            reported in a previous report during such year, only the 
            amount need be carried forward.
                (8) The requirement for a political committee to file a 
            quarterly report under paragraph (2)(A)(iii) or paragraph 
            (4)(A)(i) shall be waived if such committee is required to 
            file a pre-election report under paragraph (2)(A)(i), or 
            paragraph (4)(A)(ii) during the period beginning on the 5th 
            day after the close of the calendar quarter and ending on 
            the 15th day after the close of the calendar quarter.
                (9) The Commission shall set filing dates for reports to 
            be filed by principal campaign committees of candidates 
            seeking election, or nomination for election, in special 
            elections and political committees filing under paragraph 
            (4)(A) which make contributions to or expenditures on behalf 
            of a candidate or candidates in special elections. The 
            Commission shall require no more than one pre-election 
            report for each election and one post-election report for 
            the election which fills the vacancy. The Commission may 
            waive any reporting obligation of committees required to 
            file for special elections if any report required by 
            paragraph (2) or (4) is required to be filed within 10 days 
            of a report required under this subsection. The Commission 
            shall establish the reporting dates within 5 days of the 
            setting of such election and shall publish such dates and 
            notify the principal campaign committees of all candidates 
            in such election of the reporting dates.
                (10) The treasurer of a committee supporting a candidate 
            for the office of Vice President (other than the nominee of 
            a political party) shall file reports in accordance with 
            paragraph (3).
                (11)(A) The Commission shall permit reports required by 
            this Act to be filed and preserved by means of computer disk 
            or any other appropriate electronic format or method, as 
            determined by the Commission.
                (B) In carrying out subparagraph (A) with respect to 
            filing of reports, the Commission shall provide for one or 
            more methods (other than requiring a signature on the report 
            being filed) for verifying reports filed by means of 
            computer disk or other electronic format or method. Any 
            verification under the preceding sentence shall be treated 
            for all purposes (including penalties for perjury) in the 
            same manner as a verification by signature.
                (C) As used in this paragraph, the term ``report'' 
            means, with respect to the Commission, a report, 
            designation, or statement required by this Act to be filed 
            with the Commission.
            (b) Contents of reports
                Each report under this section shall disclose--
                            (1) the amount of cash on hand at the 
                        beginning of the reporting period;
                            (2) for the reporting period and the 
                        calendar year, the total amount of all receipts, 
                        and the total amount of all receipts in the 
                        following categories:

                                (A) contributions from persons other 
                            than political committees;

                                (B) for an authorized committee, 
                            contributions from the candidate;

                                (C) contributions from political party 
                            committees;

                                (D) contributions from other political 
                            committees;

                                (E) for an authorized committee, 
                            transfers from other authorized committees 
                            of the same candidate;

                                (F) transfers from affiliated committees 
                            and, where the reporting committee is a 
                            political party committee, transfers from 
                            other political party committees, regardless 
                            of whether such committees are affiliated;

                                (G) for an authorized committee, loans 
                            made by or guaranteed by the candidate;

                                (H) all other loans;

                                (I) rebates, refunds, and other offsets 
                            to operating expenditures;

                                (J) dividends, interest, and other forms 
                            of receipts; and

                                (K) for an authorized committee of a 
                            candidate for the office of President, 
                            Federal funds received under chapter 95 and 
                            chapter 96 of title 26;

                            (3) the identification of each--

                                (A) person (other than a political 
                            committee) who makes a contribution to the 
                            reporting committee during the reporting 
                            period, whose contribution or contributions 
                            have an aggregate amount or value in excess 
                            of $200 within the calendar year, or in any 
                            lesser amount if the reporting committee 
                            should so elect, together with the date and 
                            amount of any such contribution;

                                (B) political committee which makes a 
                            contribution to the reporting committee 
                            during the reporting period, together with 
                            the date and amount of any such 
                            contribution;

                                (C) authorized committee which makes 
                            transfer to the reporting committee;

                                (D) affiliated committee which makes a 
                            transfer to the reporting committee during 
                            the reporting period and, where the 
                            reporting committee is a political party 
                            committee, each transfer of funds to the 
                            reporting committee from another political 
                            party committee, regardless of whether such 
                            committees are affiliated, together with the 
                            date and amount of such transfer;

                                (E) person who makes a loan to the 
                            reporting committee during the reporting 
                            period, together with the identification of 
                            any endorser or guarantor of such loan, and 
                            the date and amount or value of such loan;

                                (F) person who provides a rebate, 
                            refund, or other offset to operating 
                            expenditures to the reporting committee in 
                            an aggregate amount or value in excess of 
                            $200 within the calendar year, together with 
                            the date and amount of such receipt; and

                                (G) person who provides any dividend, 
                            interest, or other receipt to the reporting 
                            committee in an aggregate value or amount in 
                            excess of $200 within the calendar year, 
                            together with the date and amount of any 
                            such receipt;

                            (4) for the reporting period and the 
                        calendar year, the total amount of all 
                        disbursements, and all disbursements in the 
                        following categories:

                                (A) expenditures made to meet candidate 
                            or committee operating expenses;

                                (B) for authorized committees, transfers 
                            to other committees authorized by the same 
                            candidate;

                                (C) transfers to affiliated committees 
                            and, where the reporting committee is a 
                            political party committee, transfers to 
                            other political party committees, regardless 
                            of whether they are affiliated;

                                (D) for an authorized committee, 
                            repayment of loans made by or guaranteed by 
                            the candidate;

                                (E) repayment of all other loans;

                                (F) contribution refunds and other 
                            offsets to contributions;

                                (G) for an authorized committee, any 
                            other disbursements;

                                (H) for any political committee other 
                            than an authorized committee--

                                        (i) contributions made to other 
                                    political committees;

                                        (ii) loans made by the reporting 
                                    committees;

                                        (iii) independent expenditures;

                                        (iv) expenditures made under 
                                    section 441a(d) of this title; and

                                        (v) any other disbursements; and

                                (I) for an authorized committee of a 
                            candidate for the office of President, 
                            disbursements not subject to the limitation 
                            of section 441a(b) of this title;

                            (5) the name and address of each--

                                (A) person to whom an expenditure in an 
                            aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 
                            within the calendar year is made by the 
                            reporting committee to meet a candidate or 
                            committee operating expense, together with 
                            the date, amount, and purpose of such 
                            operating expenditure;

                                (B) authorized committee to which a 
                            transfer is made by the reporting committee;

                                (C) affiliated committee to which a 
                            transfer is made by the reporting committee 
                            during the reporting period and, where the 
                            reporting committee is a political party 
                            committee, each transfer of funds by the 
                            reporting committee to anther political 
                            party committee, regardless of whether such 
                            committees are affiliated, together with the 
                            date and amount of such transfers;

                                (D) person who receives loan repayment 
                            from the reporting committee during the 
                            reporting period, together with the date and 
                            amount of such loan repayment; and

                                (E) person who receives a contribution 
                            refund or other offset to contributions from 
                            the reporting committee where such 
                            contribution was reported under paragraph 
                            3(A) of this subsection, together with the 
                            date and amount of such disbursement;

                            (6)(A) for an authorized committee, the name 
                        and address of each person who has received any 
                        disbursement not disclosed under paragraph (5) 
                        in an aggregate amount or value in excess of 
                        $200 within the calendar year, together with the 
                        date and amount of any such disbursement;
                            (B) for any other political committee, the 
                        name and address of each--

                                (i) political committee which has 
                            received a contribution from the reporting 
                            committee during the reporting period, 
                            together with the date and amount of any 
                            such contribution;

                                (ii) person who has received a loan from 
                            the reporting committee during the reporting 
                            period, together with the date and amount of 
                            such loan;

                                (iii) person who receives any 
                            disbursement during the reporting period in 
                            an aggregate amount or value in excess of 
                            $200 within the calendar year in connection 
                            with an independent expenditure by the 
                            reporting committee, together with the date, 
                            amount, and purpose of any such independent 
                            expenditure and a statement which indicates 
                            whether such independent expenditure is in 
                            support of, or in opposition to, a 
                            candidate, as well as the name and office 
                            sought by such candidate, and a 
                            certification, under penalty of perjury, 
                            whether such independent expenditure is made 
                            in cooperation, consultation, or concert, 
                            with, or at the request or suggestion of any 
                            candidate or any authorized committee or 
                            agent of such committee;

                                (iv) person who receives any expenditure 
                            from the reporting committee during the 
                            reporting period in connection with an 
                            expenditure under section 441a(d) of this 
                            title, together with the date, amount, and 
                            purpose of any such expenditure as well as 
                            the name of, and office sought by, the 
                            candidate on whose behalf the expenditure is 
                            made; and

                                (v) person who has received any 
                            disbursement not otherwise disclosed in this 
                            paragraph or paragraph (5) in an aggregate 
                            amount or value in excess of $200 within the 
                            calendar year from the reporting committee 
                            within the reporting period, together with 
                            the date, amount, and purpose of any such 
                            disbursement;

                            (7) the total sum of all contributions to 
                        such political committee, together with the 
                        total contributions less offsets to 
                        contributions and the total sum of all operating 
                        expenditures made by such political committee, 
                        together with total operating expenditures less 
                        offsets to operating expenditures, for both the 
                        reporting period and the calendar year; and
                            (8) the amount and nature of outstanding 
                        debts and obligations owed by or to such 
                        political committee; and where such debts and 
                        obligations are settled for less than their 
                        reported amount or value, a statement as to the 
                        circumstances and conditions under which such 
                        debts or obligations were extinguished and the 
                        consideration therefor.
            (c) Statements by other than political committees; filing; 
                contents; indices of expenditures
                (1) Every person (other than a political committee) who 
            makes independent expenditures in an aggregate amount or 
            value in excess of $250 during a calendar year shall file a 
            statement containing the information requiring under 
            subsection (b)(3)(A) of this section for all contributions 
            received by such person.
                (2) Statements required to be filed by this subsection 
            shall be filed in accordance with subsection (a)(2) of this 
            section, and shall include--
                            (A) the information required by subsection 
                        (b)(6)(B)(iii) of this section, indicating 
                        whether the independent expenditure is in 
                        support of, or in opposition to, the candidate 
                        involved;
                            (B) under penalty of perjury, a 
                        certification whether or not such independent 
                        expenditure is made in cooperation, 
                        consultation, or concert, with, or at the 
                        request or suggestion of, any candidate or any 
                        authorized committee or agent of such candidate; 
                        and
                            (C) the identification of each person who 
                        made a contribution in excess of $200 to the 
                        person filing such statement which was made for 
                        the purpose of furthering an independent 
                        expenditure.

            Any independent expenditure (including those described in 
            subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii) of this section) aggregating 
            $1,000 or more made after the 20th day, but more than 24 
            hours, before any election shall be reported within 24 hours 
            after such independent expenditure is made. Such statement 
            shall be filed with the Secretary or the Commission and the 
            Secretary of State and shall contain the information 
            required by subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii) of this section 
            indicating whether the independent expenditure is in support 
            of, or in opposition to, the candidate involved.

                (3) The Commission shall be responsible for 
            expeditiously preparing indices which set forth, on a 
            candidate-by-candidate basis, all independent expenditures 
            separately, including those reported under subsection 
            (b)(6)(B)(iii) of this section, made by or for each 
            candidate, as reported under this subsection, and for 
            periodically publishing such indices on a timely pre-
            election basis. (Pub. L. 92-225, Title III, Sec. 304, Feb. 
            7, 1972, 86 Stat. 14; Pub. L. 93-443, Title II, Sec. 204(a)-
            (d), 208(c)(4), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1276-1278, 1286; 
            Pub. L. 94-283, Title I, Sec. 104, May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 
            480; Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, Sec. 104, Jan. 8, 1980, 93 
            Stat. 1348; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 
            2095; Pub. L. 104-79, Sec. 1(a), 3(b), Dec. 28, 1995, 109 
            Stat. 791, 792; Pub. L. 106-58, Title VI, Sec. 639(a), 
            641(a), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 476, 477.)
            Sec. 435. (Repealed.)
                (Feb. 7, 1972, Pub. L. 92-225, Sec. 305, 86 Stat. 16; 
            amended Oct. 15, 1974, Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 205, 88 Stat. 
            1278; Repealed Jan. 8, 1978, Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, 
            Sec. 105(1), 93 Stat. 1354.)
            Sec. 436. (Repealed.)
                (Feb. 7, 1972, Pub. L. 92-225, Sec. 306, 86 Stat. 16; 
            Oct. 15, 1974, Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. Sec. 206, 207, 
            208(c)(5), 88 Stat. 1278, 1279, 1286; May 11, 1976, Pub. L. 
            94-283, Sec. 115(a), 90 Stat. 495; Repealed Jan. 8, 1980, 
            Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, Sec. 105(1), 93 Stat. 1354.)
     399.14  Sec. 437. Reports on convention financing.
                Each committee or other organization which--
                            (1) represents a State, or a political 
                        subdivision thereof, or any group of persons, in 
                        dealing with officials of a national political 
                        party with respect to matters involving a 
                        convention held in such State or political 
                        subdivision to nominate a candidate for the 
                        office of President or Vice President, or
                            (2) represents a national political party in 
                        making arrangements for the convention of such 
                        party held to nominate a candidate for the 
                        office of President or Vice President,

            shall, within 60 days following the end of the convention 
            (but not later than 20 days prior to the date on which 
            presidential and vice presidential electors are chosen), 
            file with the Commission a full and complete financial 
            statement, in such form and detail as it may prescribe, of 
            the sources from which it derived its funds, and the 
            purposes for which such funds were expended. (Feb. 7, 1972, 
            Pub. L. 92-225, Sec. 307, 86 Stat. 16; Oct. 15, 1974, Pub. 
            L. 93-443, Sec. 208(c)(6), 88 Stat. 1286; Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. 
            L. 96-187, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105(2), 112a, 93 Stat. 1354, 
            1366.)

            Sec. 437a. (Repealed.)
            Sec. 437b. (Repealed.)
                (Oct. 15, 1974, Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 208(a), 88 Stat. 
            1280; May 11, 1976, Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. Sec. 105, 106, 
            115(i), 90 Stat. 481, 496; Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-187, 
            Title I, Sec. 105(1), 93 Stat. 1354.)
   399.14-3  Sec. 437c. Federal Election Commission.
            (a) Establishment; membership; term of office; vacancies; 
                qualifications; compensation; chairman and vice chairman
                (1) There is established a commission to be known as the 
            Federal Election Commission. The Commission is composed of 
            the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of 
            Representatives or their designees, ex officio and without 
            the right to vote, and 6 members appointed by the President, 
            by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. No more 
            than 3 members of the Commission appointed under this 
            paragraph may be affiliated with the same political party.
                (2)(A) Members of the Commission shall serve for a 
            single term of 6 years, except that of the members first 
            appointed--
                            (i) two of the members, not affiliated with 
                        the same political party, shall be appointed for 
                        terms ending on April 30, 1977;
                            (ii) two of the members, not affiliated with 
                        the same political party, shall be appointed for 
                        terms ending on April 30, 1979; and
                            (iii) two of the members, not affiliated 
                        with the same political party, shall be 
                        appointed for terms ending on April 30, 1981.
                (B) A member of the Commission may serve on the 
            Commission after the expiration of his or her term until his 
            or her successor has taken office as a member of the 
            Commission.
                (C) An individual appointed to fill a vacancy occurring 
            other than by the expiration of a term of office shall be 
            appointed only for the unexpired term of the member he or 
            she succeeds.
                (D) Any vacancy occurring in the membership of the 
            Commission shall be filled in the same manner as in the case 
            of the original appointment.
                (3) Members shall be chosen on the basis of their 
            experience, integrity, impartiality, and good judgment and 
            members (other than the Secretary of the Senate and the 
            Clerk of the House of Representatives) shall be individuals 
            who, at the time appointed to the Commission, are not 
            elected or appointed officers or employees in the executive, 
            legislative, or judicial branch of the Federal Government. 
            Such members of the Commission shall not engage in any other 
            business, vocation, or employment. Any individual who is 
            engaging in any other business, vocation, or employment at 
            the time of his or her appointment to the Commission shall 
            terminate or liquidate such activity no later than 90 days 
            after such appointment.
                (4) Members of the Commission (other than the Secretary 
            of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives) 
            shall receive compensation equivalent to the compensation 
            paid at level IV of the Executive Schedule (section 5315 of 
            title 5).
                (5) The Commission shall elect a chairman and a vice 
            chairman from among its members (other than the Secretary of 
            the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives) 
            for a term of one year. A member may serve as chairman only 
            once during any term of office to which such member is 
            appointed. The chairman and the vice chairman shall not be 
            affiliated with the same political party. The vice chairman 
            shall act as chairman in the absence or disability of the 
            chairman or in the event of a vacancy in such office.
            (b) Administration, enforcement, and formulation of policy; 
                exclusive jurisdiction of civil enforcement; 
                Congressional authorities or functions with respect to 
                elections for Federal office
                (1) The Commission shall administer, seek to obtain 
            compliance with, and formulate policy with respect to, this 
            Act and chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26. The 
            Commission shall have exclusive jurisdiction with respect to 
            this civil enforcement of such provisions.
                (2) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to limit, 
            restrict, or diminish any investigatory, informational, 
            oversight, supervisory, or disciplinary authority or 
            function of the Congress or any committee of the Congress 
            with respect to elections for Federal office.
            (c) Voting requirements; delegation of authorities
                All decisions of the Commission with respect to the 
            exercise of its duties and powers under the provisions of 
            this Act shall be made by a majority vote of the members of 
            the Commission. A member of the Commission may not delegate 
            to any person his or her vote or any decisionmaking 
            authority or duty vested in the Commission by the provisions 
            of this Act, except that the affirmative vote of 4 members 
            of the Commission shall be required in order for the 
            Commission to take any action in accordance with paragraph 
            (6), (7), (8), or (9) of section 437d(a) of this title or 
            with chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26.
            (d) Meetings
                The Commission shall meet at least once each month and 
            also at the call of any member.
            (e) Rules for conduct of activities; judicial notice of 
                seal; principal office
                The Commission shall prepare written rules for the 
            conduct of its activities, shall have an official seal which 
            shall be judicially noticed, and shall have its principal 
            office in or near the District of Columbia (but it may meet 
            or exercise any of its powers anywhere in the United 
            States).
            (f) Staff director and general counsel; appointment and 
                compensation; appointment and compensation of personnel 
                and procurement of intermittent services by staff 
                director; use of assistance, personnel, and facilities 
                of Federal agencies and departments; counsel for defense 
                of actions
                (1) The Commission shall have a staff director and a 
            general counsel who shall be appointed by the Commission. 
            The staff director shall be paid at a rate not to exceed the 
            rate of basic pay in effect for level IV of the Executive 
            Schedule (section 5315 of title 5). The general counsel 
            shall be paid at a rate not to exceed the rate of basic pay 
            in effect for level V of the Executive Schedule (section 
            5316 of title 5). With the approval of the Commission, the 
            staff director may appoint and fix the pay of such 
            additional personnel as he or she considers desirable 
            without regard to the provisions of title 5, governing 
            appointments in the competitive service.
                (2) With the approval of the Commission, the staff 
            director may procure temporary and intermittent services to 
            the same extent as is authorized by section 3109(b) of title 
            5, but at rates for individuals not to exceed the daily 
            equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay in effect for 
            grade GS-15 of the General Schedule (section 5332 of title 
            5).
                (3) In carrying out its responsibilities under this Act, 
            the Commission shall, to the fullest extent practicable, 
            avail itself of the assistance, including personnel and 
            facilities of other agencies and departments of the United 
            States. The heads of such agencies and departments may make 
            available to the Commission such personnel, facilities, and 
            other assistance, with or without reimbursement, as the 
            Commission may request.
                (4) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (2) the 
            Commission is authorized to appear in and defend against any 
            action instituted under this Act, either (A) by attorneys 
            employed in office, or (B) by counsel whom it may appoint, 
            on a temporary basis as may be necessary for such purpose, 
            without regard to the provisions of title 5, governing 
            appointments in the competitive service, and whose 
            compensation it may fix without regard to the provisions of 
            chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title. 
            The compensation of counsel so appointed on a temporary 
            basis shall be paid out of any funds otherwise available to 
            pay the compensation of employees of the Commission. (Pub. 
            L. 92-225, Title III, Sec. 306, formerly Sec. 310, as added 
            Pub. L. 93-443, Title II, Sec. 208(a), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 
            Stat. 1280, renumbered Sec. 309, and amended Pub. L. 94-283, 
            Title I, Sec. Sec. 101(a)-(d), 105, May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 
            475, 476, 481, renumbered Sec. 306 and amended Pub. L. 96-
            187, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105(3), (6), 112(b), Jan. 8, 1980, 
            93 Stat. 1354, 1366; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 
            100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 105-61, Title V, Sec. 512(a), Oct. 
            10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1305.)
   399.14-4  Sec. 437d. Powers of Commission.
            (a) Specific authorities
                The Commission has the power--
                            (1) to require by special or general orders, 
                        any person to submit, under oath, such written 
                        reports and answers to questions as the 
                        Commission may prescribe;
                            (2) to administer oaths or affirmations;
                            (3) to require by subpena, signed by the 
                        chairman or the vice chairman, the attendance 
                        and testimony of witnesses and the production of 
                        all documentary evidence relating to the 
                        execution of its duties;
                            (4) in any proceeding or investigation, to 
                        order testimony to be taken by deposition before 
                        any person who is designated by the Commission 
                        and has the power to administer oaths and, in 
                        such instances, to compel testimony and the 
                        production of evidence in the same manner as 
                        authorized under paragraph (3);
                            (5) to pay witnesses the same fees and 
                        mileages as are paid in like circumstances in 
                        the courts of the United States;
                            (6) to initiate (through civil actions for 
                        injunctive, declaratory, or other appropriate 
                        relief), defend (in the case of any civil action 
                        brought under section 437g(a)(8) of this title) 
                        or appeal any civil action in the name of the 
                        Commission to enforce the provisions of this Act 
                        and chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26, 
                        through its general counsel;
                            (7) to render advisory opinions under 
                        section 437f of this title;
                            (8) to develop such prescribed forms and to 
                        make, amend, and repeal such rules, pursuant to 
                        the provisions of chapter 5 of title 5, as are 
                        necessary to carry out the provisions of this 
                        Act and chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26; 
                        and
                            (9) to conduct investigations and hearings 
                        expeditiously, to encourage voluntary 
                        compliance, and to report apparent violations to 
                        the appropriate law enforcement authorities.
            (b) Judicial orders for compliance with subpenas and orders 
                of commission; contempt of court
                Upon petition by the Commission, any United States 
            district court within the jurisdiction of which any inquiry 
            is being carried on may, in case of refusal to obey a 
            subpena or order of the Commission issued under subsection 
            (a) of this section, issue an order requiring compliance. 
            Any failure to obey the order of the court may be punished 
            by the court as a contempt thereof.
            (c) Civil liability for disclosure of information
                No person shall be subject to civil liability to any 
            person (other than the Commission or the United States) for 
            disclosing information at the request of the Commission.
            (d) Concurrent transmissions to Congress or member of budget 
                estimates, etc.; prior submission of legislative 
                recommendations, testimony, or comments on legislation
                (1) Whenever the Commission submits any budget estimate 
            or request to the President or the Office of Management and 
            Budget, it shall concurrently transmit a copy of such 
            estimate or request to the Congress.
                (2) Whenever the Commission submits any legislative 
            recommendation, or testimony, or comments on legislation, 
            requested by the Congress, or by any Member of the Congress, 
            to the President or the Office of Management and Budget, it 
            shall concurrently transmit a copy thereof to the Congress 
            or to the Member requesting the same. No officer or agency 
            of the United States shall have any authority to require the 
            Commission to submit its legislative recommendations, 
            testimony, or comments on legislation, to any office or 
            agency of the United States for approval, comments, or 
            review, prior to the submission of such recommendations, 
            testimony, or comments to the Congress.
            (e) Exclusive civil remedy for enforcement
                Except as provided in section 437g(a)(8) of this title, 
            the power of the Commission to initiate civil actions under 
            subsection (a)(6) of this section shall be the exclusive 
            civil remedy for the enforcement of the provisions of this 
            Act. (Pub. L. 92-225, Title III, Sec. 307, formerly 
            Sec. 311, as added Pub. L. 93-443, Title II, Sec. 208(a), 
            Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1282, renumbered Sec. 310 and 
            amended Pub. L. 94-283, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105, 107, 115(b), 
            May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 481, 482, 495, renumbered Sec. 307 
            and amended Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105(3), 106, 
            Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1354, 1356; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, 
            Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)
            Sec. 437e. (Repealed.)

  

   399.14-6  Sec. 437f. Advisory opinions.
            (a) Requests by persons, candidates, or authorized 
                committees; subject matter, time for response
                (1) Not later than 60 days after the Commission receives 
            from a person a complete written request concerning the 
            application of this Act, chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 
            26, or a rule or regulation prescribed by the Commission, 
            with respect to a specific transaction or activity by the 
            person, the Commission shall render a written advisory 
            opinion relating to such transaction or activity to the 
            person.
                (2) If an advisory opinion is requested by a candidate, 
            or any authorized committee of such candidate, during the 
            60-day period before any election for Federal office 
            involving the requesting party, the Commission shall render 
            a written advisory opinion relating to such request no later 
            than 20 days after the Commission receives a complete 
            written request.
            (b) Procedures applicable to initial proposal of rules or 
                regulations, and advisory opinions
                Any rule of law which is not stated in this Act or in 
            chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26 may be initially 
            proposed by the Commission only as a rule or regulation 
            pursuant to procedures established in section 438(d) of this 
            title. No opinion of an advisory nature may be issued by the 
            Commission or any of its employees except in accordance with 
            the provisions of this section.
            (c) Persons entitled to rely upon opinions; scope of 
                protection for good faith reliance
                (1) Any advisory opinion rendered by the Commission 
            under subsection (a) may be relied upon by--
                            (A) any person involved in the specific 
                        transaction or activity with respect to which 
                        such advisory opinion is rendered; and
                            (B) any person involved in any specific 
                        transaction or activity which is 
                        indistinguishable in all its material aspects 
                        from the transaction or activity with respect to 
                        which such advisory opinion is rendered.
                (2) Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, any 
            person who relies upon any provision or finding of an 
            advisory opinion in accordance with the provisions of 
            paragraph (1) and who acts in good faith in accordance with 
            the provisions and findings of such advisory opinion shall 
            not, as a result of any such act, be subject to any sanction 
            provided by this Act or by chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 
            26.
            (d) Requests made public; submission of written comments by 
                interested public
                The Commission shall make public any request made under 
            subsection (a) for an advisory opinion. Before rendering an 
            advisory opinion, the Commission shall accept written 
            comments submitted by any interested party within the 10-day 
            period following the date the request is made public. (Pub. 
            L. 92-225, Title III, Sec. 308, formerly Sec. 313, as added 
            Pub. L. 93-443, Title II, Sec. 208(a), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 
            Stat. 1283, renumbered Sec. 312 and amended Pub. L. 94-283, 
            Title I, Sec. Sec. 105, 108(a), May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 481, 
            482, renumbered Sec. 308 and amended Pub. L. 96-187, Title 
            I, Sec. Sec. 105(4), 107(a), Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1354, 
            1357; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 
            2095.)
            Sec. 437e. (Repealed).

  

   399.14-7  Sec. 437g. Enforcement.
            (a) Administrative and judicial practice and procedure
                (1) Any person who believes a violation of this Act or 
            of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26 has occurred, may 
            file a complaint with the Commission. Such complaint shall 
            be in writing, signed and sworn to by the person filing such 
            complaint, shall be notarized, and shall be made under 
            penalty of perjury and subject to the provisions of section 
            1001 of title 18. Within 5 days after receipt of a 
            complaint, the Commission shall notify, in writing, any 
            person alleged in the complaint to have committed such a 
            violation. Before the Commission conducts any vote on the 
            complaint, other than a vote to dismiss, any person so 
            notified shall have the opportunity to demonstrate, in 
            writing, to the commission within 15 days after notification 
            that no action should be taken against such person on the 
            basis of the complaint. The Commission may not conduct any 
            investigation or take any other action under this section 
            solely on the basis of a complaint of a person whose 
            identity is not disclosed to the Commission.
                (2) If the Commission, upon receiving a complaint under 
            paragraph (1) or on the basis of information ascertained in 
            the normal course of carrying out its supervisory 
            responsibilities, determines, by an affirmative vote of 4 of 
            its members, that it has reason to believe that a person has 
            committed, or is about to commit, a violation of this Act or 
            chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, the Commission shall, 
            through its chairman or vice chairman, notify the person of 
            the alleged violation. Such notification shall set forth the 
            factual basis for such alleged violation. The Commission 
            shall make an investigation of such alleged violation, which 
            may include a field investigation or audit, in accordance 
            with the provisions of this section.
                (3) The general counsel of the Commission shall notify 
            the respondent of any recommendation to the Commission by 
            the general counsel to proceed to a vote on probable cause 
            pursuant to paragraph (4)(A)(i). With such notification, the 
            general counsel shall include a brief stating the position 
            of the general counsel on the legal and factual issues of 
            the case. Within 15 days of receipt of such brief, 
            respondent may submit a brief stating the position of such 
            respondent on the legal and factual issues of the case, and 
            replying to the brief of general counsel. Such briefs shall 
            be filed with the Secretary of the Commission and shall be 
            considered by the Commission before proceeding under 
            paragraph (4).
                (4)(A)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii) and 
            subparagraph (C), if the Commission determines, by an 
            affirmative vote of 4 of its members, that there is probable 
            cause to believe that any person has committed, or is about 
            to commit, a violation of this Act or of chapter 95 or 
            chapter 96 of title 26, the Commission shall attempt, for a 
            period of at least 30 days, to correct or prevent such 
            violation by informal methods of conference, conciliation, 
            and persuasion, and to enter into a conciliation agreement 
            with any person involved. Such attempt by the commission to 
            correct or prevent such violation may continue for a period 
            of not more than 90 days. The Commission may not enter into 
            a conciliation agreement under this clause except pursuant 
            to an affirmative vote of 4 of its members. A conciliation 
            agreement, unless violated, is a complete bar to any further 
            action by the Commission, including the bringing of a civil 
            proceeding under paragraph (6)(A).
                (ii) If any determination of the Commission under clause 
            (i) occurs during the 45-day period immediately preceding 
            any election, then the Commission shall attempt, for a 
            period of at least 15 days, to correct or prevent the 
            violation involved by the methods specified in clause (i).
                (B)(i) No action by the Commission or any person, and no 
            information derived, in connection with any conciliation 
            attempt by the Commission under subparagraph (A) may be made 
            public by the Commission without the written consent of the 
            respondent and the Commission.
                (ii) If a conciliation agreement is agreed upon by the 
            Commission and the respondent, the Commission shall make 
            public any conciliation agreement signed by both the 
            Commission and the respondent. If the Commission makes a 
            determination that a person has not violated this Act or 
            chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, the Commission shall 
            make public such determination.
                (C)(i) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), in the case of 
            a violation of any requirement of section 434(a) of this 
            title, the Commission may--
                            (I) find that a person committed such a 
                        violation on the basis of information obtained 
                        pursuant to the procedures described in 
                        paragraphs (1) and (2); and
                            (II) based on such finding, require the 
                        person to pay a civil money penalty in an amount 
                        determined under a schedule of penalties which 
                        is established and published by the Commission 
                        and which takes into account the amount of the 
                        violation involved, the existence of previous 
                        violations by the person, and such other factors 
                        as the Commission considers appropriate.
                (ii) The Commission may not make any determination 
            adverse to a person under clause (i) until the person has 
            been given written notice and an opportunity to be heard 
            before the Commission.
                (iii) Any person against whom an adverse determination 
            is made under this subparagraph may obtain a review of such 
            determination in the district court of the United States for 
            the district in which the person resides, or transacts 
            business, by filing in such court (prior to the expiration 
            of the 30-day period which begins on the date the person 
            receives notification of the determination) a written 
            petition requesting that the determination be modified or 
            set aside.
                (5)(A) If the Commission believes that a violation of 
            this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26 has been 
            committed, a conciliation agreement entered into by the 
            Commission under paragraph (4)(A) may include a requirement 
            that the person involved in such conciliation agreement 
            shall pay a civil penalty which does not exceed the greater 
            of $5,000 or an amount equal to any contribution or 
            expenditure involved in such violation.
                (B) If the Commission believes that a knowing and 
            willful violation of this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 
            of title 26 has been committed, a conciliation agreement 
            entered into by the Commission under paragraph (4)(A) may 
            require that the person involved in such conciliation 
            agreement shall pay a civil penalty which does not exceed 
            the greater of $10,000 or an amount equal to 200 percent of 
            any contribution or expenditure involved in such violation.
                (C) If the Commission by an affirmative vote of 4 of its 
            members, determines that there is probable cause to believe 
            that a knowing and willful violation of this Act which is 
            subject to subsection (d) of this section or a knowing and 
            willful violation of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, 
            has occurred or is about to occur, it may refer such 
            apparent violation to the Attorney General of the United 
            States without regard to any limitations set forth in 
            paragraph (4)(A).
                (D) In any case in which a person has entered into a 
            conciliation agreement with the Commission under paragraph 
            (4)(A), the Commission may institute a civil action for 
            relief under paragraph (6)(A) if it believes that the person 
            has violated any provision of such conciliation agreement. 
            For the Commission to obtain relief in any civil action, the 
            Commission need only establish that the person has violated, 
            in whole or in part, any requirement of such conciliation 
            agreement.
                (6)(A) If the Commission is unable to correct or prevent 
            any violation of this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of 
            title 26, by the methods specified in paragraph (4), the 
            Commission may, upon an affirmative vote of 4 of its 
            members, institute a civil action for relief, including a 
            permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or any 
            other appropriate order (including an order for a civil 
            penalty which does not exceed the greater of $5,000 or an 
            amount equal to any contribution or expenditure involved in 
            such violation) in the district court of the United States 
            for the district in which the person against whom such 
            action is brought is found, resides, or transacts business.
                (B) In any civil action instituted by the Commission 
            under subparagraph (A), the court may grant a permanent or 
            temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order, 
            including a civil penalty which does not exceed the greater 
            of $5,000 or an amount equal to any contribution or 
            expenditure involved in such violation, upon a proper 
            showing that the person involved has committed, or is about 
            to commit (if the relief sought is a permanent or temporary 
            injunction or a restraining order), a violation of this Act 
            or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26.
                (C) In any civil action for relief instituted by the 
            Commission under subparagraph (A), if the court determines 
            that the Commission has established that the person involved 
            in such civil action has committed a knowing and willful 
            violation of this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of 
            title 26, the court may impose a civil penalty which does 
            not exceed the greater of $10,000 or an amount equal to 200 
            percent of any contribution or expenditure involved in such 
            violation.
                (7) In any action brought under paragraph (5) or (6), 
            subpenas for witnesses who are required to attend a United 
            States district court may run into any other district.
                (8)(A) Any party aggrieved by an order of the Commission 
            dismissing a complaint filed by such party under paragraph 
            (1), or by a failure of the Commission to act on such 
            complaint during the 120-day period beginning on the date 
            the complaint is filed, may file a petition with the United 
            States District Court for the District of Columbia.
                (B) Any petition under subparagraph (A) shall be filed, 
            in the case of a dismissal of a complaint by the Commission, 
            within 60 days after the date of the dismissal.
                (C) In any proceeding under this paragraph the court may 
            declare that the dismissal of the complaint or the failure 
            to act is contrary to law, and may direct the Commission to 
            conform with such declaration within 30 days, failing which 
            the complainant may bring, in the name of such complainant, 
            a civil action to remedy the violation involved in the 
            original complaint.
                (9) Any judgment of a district court under this 
            subsection may be appealed to the court of appeals, and the 
            judgment of the court of appeals affirming or setting aside, 
            in whole or in part, any such order of the district court 
            shall be final, subject to review by the Supreme Court of 
            the United States upon certiorari or certification as 
            provided in section 1254 of title 28.
                (10) Repealed. (98 Stat. 3357)
                (11) If the Commission determines after an investigation 
            that any person has violated an order of the court entered 
            in a proceeding brought under paragraph (6), it may petition 
            the court for an order to hold such person in civil 
            contempt, but if it believes the violation to be knowing and 
            willful it may petition the court for an order to hold such 
            person in criminal contempt.
                (12)(A) Any notification or investigation made under 
            this section shall not be made public by the Commission or 
            by any person without the written consent of the person 
            receiving such notification or the person with respect to 
            whom such investigation is made.
                (B) Any member or employee of the Commission, or any 
            other person, who violates the provisions of subparagraph 
            (A) shall be fined not more than $2,000. Any such member, 
            employee, or other person who knowingly and willfully 
            violates the provisions of subparagraph (A) shall be fined 
            not more than $5,000.
            (b) Notice to persons not filing required reports prior to 
                institution of enforcement action; publication of 
                identity of persons and unfiled reports
                Before taking any action under subsection (a) against 
            any person who has failed to file a report required under 
            section 434(a)(2)(A)(iii) of this title for the calendar 
            quarter immediately preceding the election involved, or in 
            accordance with section 434(a)(2)(A)(i) of this title, the 
            Commission shall notify the person of such failure to file 
            the required reports. If a satisfactory response is not 
            received within 4 business days after the date of 
            notification, the Commission shall, pursuant to section 
            438(a)(7) of this title, publish before the election the 
            name of the person and the report or reports such person has 
            failed to file.
            (c) Reports by Attorney General of apparent violations
                Whenever the Commission refers an apparent violation to 
            the Attorney General, the Attorney General shall report to 
            the Commission any action taken by the Attorney General 
            regarding the apparent violation. Each report shall be 
            transmitted within 60 days after the date the Commission 
            refers an apparent violation, and every 30 days thereafter 
            until the final disposition of the apparent violation.
            (d) Penalties; defenses; mitigation of offenses
                (1)(A) Any person who knowingly and willfully commits a 
            violation of any provision of this Act which involves the 
            making, receiving, or reporting of any contribution or 
            expenditure aggregating $2,000 or more during a calendar 
            year shall be fined, or imprisoned for not more than one 
            year, or both. The amount of this fine shall not exceed the 
            greater of $25,000 or 300 percent of any contribution or 
            expenditure involved in such violation.
                (B) In the case of a knowing and willful violation of 
            section 441b(b)(3) of this title, the penalties set forth in 
            this subsection shall apply to a violation involving an 
            amount aggregating $250 or more during a calendar year. Such 
            violation of section 441b(b)(3) of this title may 
            incorporate a violation of section 441c(b), 441f, or 441g of 
            this title.
                (C) In the case of a knowing and willful violation of 
            section 441h of this title, the penalties set forth in this 
            subsection shall apply without regard to whether the making, 
            receiving, or reporting of a contribution or expenditure of 
            $ 1,000 or more is involved.
                (2) In any criminal action brought for a violation of 
            any provision of this Act or of chapter 95 or of chapter 96 
            of title 26, any defendant may evidence their lack of 
            knowledge or intent to commit the alleged violation by 
            introducing as evidence a conciliation agreement entered 
            into between the defendant and the Commission under 
            subsection (a)(4)(A) of this section which specifically 
            deals with the act or failure to act constituting such 
            violation and which is still in effect.
                (3) In any criminal action brought for a violation of 
            any provision of this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of 
            title 26, the court before which such action is brought 
            shall take into account, in weighing the seriousness of the 
            violation and in considering the appropriateness of the 
            penalty to be imposed if the defendant is found guilty, 
            whether--
                            (A) the specific act or failure to act which 
                        constitutes the violation for which the action 
                        was brought is the subject of a conciliation 
                        agreement entered into between the defendant and 
                        the Commission under subparagraph (a)(4)(A);
                            (B) the conciliation agreement is in effect; 
                        and
                            (C) the defendant is, with respect to the 
                        violation involved, in compliance with the 
                        conciliation agreement.

            (Pub. L. 92-225, Title III, Sec. 309, formerly Sec. 314, as 
            added Pub. L. 93-443, Title II, Sec. 208(a), Oct. 15, 1974, 
            88 Stat. 1284, renumbered Sec. 313 and amended Pub. L. 94-
            283, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105, 109, May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 
            481, 483, renumbered Sec. 309 and amended Pub. L. 96-187, 
            Title I, Sec. Sec. 105(4), 108, Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1354, 
            1358; Pub L. 98-620, Title IV, Sec. 402(1)(A), Nov. 8, 1984, 
            98 Stat. 3357; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 
            Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 106-58, Title VI, Sec. 640(a)(b), Sept. 
            29, 1999, 113 Stat. 476, 477.)

   399.14-8  Sec. 437h. Judicial review.
                The Commission, the national committee of any political 
            party, or any individual eligible to vote in any election 
            for the office of President may institute such actions in 
            the appropriate district court of the United States, 
            including actions for declaratory judgment, as may be 
            appropriate to construe the constitutionality of any 
            provision of this Act. The district court immediately shall 
            certify all questions of constitutionality of this Act to 
            the United States court of appeals for the circuit involved, 
            which shall hear the matter sitting en banc.
            (b) Repealed. (102 Stat. 663)
            (c) Repealed. (98 Stat. 3357)

            (Pub. L. 92-225, Title III, Sec. 310, formerly Sec. 315, as 
            added Pub. L. 93-443, Title II, Sec. 208(a), Oct. 15, 1974, 
            88 Stat. 1285; renumbered Sec. 314 and amended Pub. L. 94-
            283, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105, 115(e), May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 
            481, 496; renumbered Sec. 310 and amended Pub. L. 96-187, 
            Title I, Sec. Sec. 105(4), 112(c), Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 
            1354, 1366; Pub. L. 98-620, Title IV, Sec. 402(1)(B), Nov. 
            8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3357; Pub. L. 100-352, Sec. 6(a), June 27, 
            1988, 102 Stat. 663.)

     399.15  Sec. 438. Administrative provisions.
            (a) Duties of Commission
                The Commission shall--
                            (1) prescribe forms necessary to implement 
                        this Act;
                            (2) prepare, publish, and furnish to all 
                        persons required to file reports and statements 
                        under this Act a manual recommending uniform 
                        methods of bookkeeping and reporting;
                            (3) develop a filing, coding, and cross-
                        indexing system consistent with the purposes of 
                        this Act;
                            (4) within 48 hours after the time of the 
                        receipt by the Commission of reports and 
                        statements filed with it, make them available 
                        for public inspection, and copying, at the 
                        expense of the person requesting such copying 
                        except that any information copied from such 
                        reports or statements may not be sold or used by 
                        any person for the purpose of soliciting 
                        contributions or for commercial purposes, other 
                        than using the name and address of any political 
                        committee to solicit contributions from such 
                        committee. A political committee may submit 10 
                        pseudonyms on each report filed in order to 
                        protect against the illegal use of names and 
                        addresses of contributors, provided such 
                        committee attaches a list of such pseudonyms to 
                        the appropriate report. The Secretary or the 
                        Commission shall exclude these lists from the 
                        public record;
                            (5) keep such designations, reports, and 
                        statements for a period of 10 years from the 
                        date of receipt, except that designations, 
                        reports, and statements that relate solely to 
                        candidates for the House of Representatives 
                        shall be kept for 5 years from the date of their 
                        receipt;
                            (6)(A) compile and maintain a cumulative 
                        index of designations, reports, and statements 
                        filed under this Act, which index shall be 
                        published at regular intervals and made 
                        available for purchase directly or by mail;
                            (B) compile, maintain, and revise a separate 
                        cumulative index of reports and statements filed 
                        by multi-candidate committees, including in such 
                        index a list of multi-candidate committees; and
                            (C) compile and maintain a list of multi-
                        candidate committees, which shall be revised and 
                        made available monthly;
                            (7) prepare and publish periodically lists 
                        of authorized committees which fail to file 
                        reports as required by this Act;
                            (8) prescribe rules, regulations, and forms 
                        to carry out the provisions of this Act, in 
                        accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) 
                        of this section;
                            (9) transmit to the President and to each 
                        House of the Congress no later than June 1 of 
                        each year, a report which states in detail the 
                        activities of the Commission in carrying out its 
                        duties under this Act, and any recommendations 
                        for any legislative or other action the 
                        Commission considers appropriate; and
                            (10) serve as a national clearinghouse for 
                        the compilation of information and review of 
                        procedures with respect to the administration of 
                        Federal elections. The Commission may enter into 
                        contracts for the purpose of conducting studies 
                        under this paragraph. Reports or studies made 
                        under this paragraph shall be available to the 
                        public upon the payment of the cost thereof, 
                        except that copies shall be made available 
                        without cost, upon request, to agencies and 
                        branches of the Federal Government.
            (b) Audits and field investigations
                The Commission may conduct audits and field 
            investigations of any political committee required to file a 
            report under section 434 of this title. All audits and field 
            investigations concerning the verification for, and receipt 
            and use of, any payments received by a candidate or 
            committee under chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26 shall 
            be given priority. Prior to conducting any audit under this 
            subsection, the Commission shall perform an internal review 
            of reports filed by selected committees to determine if the 
            reports filed by a particular committee meet the threshold 
            requirements for substantial compliance with the Act. Such 
            thresholds for compliance shall be established by the 
            Commission. The Commission may, upon an affirmative vote of 
            4 of its members, conduct an audit and field investigation 
            of any committee which does meet the threshold requirements, 
            established by the Commission. Such audit shall be commenced 
            within 30 days of such vote, except that any audit of an 
            authorized committee of a candidate, under the provisions of 
            this subsection, shall be commenced within 6 months of the 
            election for which such committee is authorized.
            (c) Statutory provisions applicable to forms and information 
                gathering activities
                Any forms prescribed by the Commission under subsection 
            (a)(1), and any information-gathering activities of the 
            Commission under this Act, shall not be subject to the 
            provisions of section 3512 of title 44.
            (d) Rules, regulations, or forms; issuance, procedures 
                applicable, etc.
                (1) Before prescribing any rule, regulation, or form 
            under this section or any other provision of this Act, the 
            Commission shall transmit a statement with respect to such 
            rule, regulation, or form to the Senate and the House of 
            Representatives, in accordance with this subsection. Such 
            statement shall set forth the proposed rule, regulation, or 
            form, and shall contain a detailed explanation and 
            justification of it.
                (2) If either House of the Congress does not disapprove 
            by resolution any proposed rule or regulation submitted by 
            the Commission under this section within 30 legislative days 
            after the date of the receipt of such proposed rule or 
            regulation or within 10 legislative days after the date of 
            receipt of such proposed form, the Commission may prescribe 
            such rule, regulation, or form.
                (3) For purposes of this subsection, the term 
            ``legislative day'' means, with respect to statements 
            transmitted to the Senate, any calendar day on which the 
            Senate is in session, and with respect to statements 
            transmitted to the House of Representatives, any calendar 
            day on which the House of Representatives is in session.
                (4) For purposes of this subsection, the terms ``rule'' 
            and ``regulation'' mean a provision or series of 
            interrelated provisions stating a single, separable rule of 
            law.
                (5)(A) A motion to discharge a committee of the Senate 
            from the consideration of a resolution relating to any such 
            rule, regulation, or form or a motion to proceed to the 
            consideration of such resolution, is highly privileged and 
            shall be decided without debate.
                (B) Whenever a committee of the House of Representatives 
            reports any resolution relating to any such form, rule or 
            regulation, it is at any time thereafter in order (even 
            though a previous motion to the same effect has been 
            disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration of the 
            resolution. The motion is highly privileged and is not 
            debatable. An amendment to the motion is not in order, and 
            it is not in order to move to reconsider the vote by which 
            the motion is agreed to or disagreed with.
            (e) Scope of protection for good faith reliance upon rules 
                or regulations
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person 
            who relies upon any rule or regulation prescribed by the 
            Commission in accordance with the provisions of this section 
            and who acts in good faith in accordance with such rule or 
            regulation shall not, as a result of such act, be subject to 
            any sanction provided by this Act or by chapter 95 or 
            chapter 96 of title 26.
            (f) Promulgation of rules, regulations, and forms by 
                Commission and Internal Revenue Service; report to 
                Congress on cooperative efforts
                In prescribing such rules, regulations, and forms under 
            this section, the Commission and the Internal Revenue 
            Service shall consult and work together to promulgate rules, 
            regulations, and forms which are mutually consistent. The 
            Commission shall report to the Congress annually on the 
            steps it has taken to comply with this subsection. (Pub. L. 
            92-225, Title III, Sec. 311, formerly Sec. 308, Feb. 7, 
            1972, 86 Stat. 16, renumbered Sec. 316 and amended Pub. L. 
            93-443, Title II, Sec. Sec. 208(a), (c) (7)-(10), 209(a)(1), 
            (b), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1279, 1286, 1287, renumbered 
            Sec. 315 and amended Pub. L. 94-283, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105, 
            110, May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 481, 486, renumbered Sec. 311 
            and amended Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105(4), 109, 
            Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1354, 1362; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, 
            Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 104-79, Sec. 3(c), 
            Dec. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 792.)
     399.16  Sec. 439. Statements filed with State officers; 
                ``appropriate State'' defined; duties of State officers.
                (a)(1) A copy of each report and statement required to 
            be filed by any person under this Act shall be filed by such 
            person with the Secretary of State (or equivalent State 
            officer) of the appropriate State, or, if different, the 
            officer of such State who is charged by State law with 
            maintaining State election campaign reports. The chief 
            executive officer of such State shall designate any such 
            officer and notify the Commission of any such designation.
                (2) For purposes of this subsection, the term 
            ``appropriate State'' means--
                            (A) for statements and reports in connection 
                        with the campaign for nomination for election of 
                        a candidate to the office of President or Vice 
                        President, each State in which an expenditure is 
                        made on behalf of the candidate; and
                            (B) for statements and reports in connection 
                        with the campaign for nomination for election, 
                        or election, of a candidate to the office of 
                        Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or 
                        Resident Commissioner to, the Congress, the 
                        State in which the candidate seeks election; 
                        except that political committees other than 
                        authorized committees are only required to file, 
                        and Secretaries of State required to keep, that 
                        portion of the report applicable to candidates 
                        seeking election in that State.
                (b) The Secretary of State (or equivalent State 
            officer), or the officer designated under subsection (a)(1) 
            of this section, shall--
                            (1) receive and maintain in an orderly 
                        manner an reports and statements required by 
                        this Act to be filed therewith;
                            (2) keep such reports and statements (either 
                        in original filed form or in facsimile copy by 
                        microfilm or otherwise) for 2 years after their 
                        date of receipt;
                            (3) make each report and statement filed 
                        therewith available as soon as practicable (but 
                        within 48 hours of receipt) for public 
                        inspection and copying during regular business 
                        hours, and permit copying of any such report or 
                        statement by hand or by duplicating machine at 
                        the request of any person, except that such 
                        copying shall be at the expense of the person 
                        making the request; and
                            (4) compile and maintain a current list of 
                        all reports and statements pertaining to each 
                        candidate.
                (c) Subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall not 
            apply with respect to any State that, as determined by the 
            Commission, has a system that permits electronic access to, 
            and duplication of, reports and statements that are filed 
            with the Commission. (Pub. L. 92-225, Title III, Sec. 312, 
            formerly Sec. 309, as added Pub. L. 93-433 renumbered 
            Sec. 317 and amended Pub. L. 93-443, Title II, Sec. 208(a), 
            (c) (11), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1279, 1287; renumbered 
            Sec. 316, Pub. L. 94-283, Title I, Sec. 105, May 11, 1976, 
            90 Stat. 481, renumbered Sec. 312 and amended Pub. L. 96-
            187, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105(4), 110, Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 
            1354, 1364; Pub. L. 104-79, Sec. 2, Dec. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 
            791.)
   399.16-1  Sec. 439a. Use of contributed amounts for certain purposes.
                Amounts received by a candidate as contributions that 
            are in excess of any amount necessary to defray his 
            expenditures, and any other amounts contributed to an 
            individual for the purpose of supporting his or her 
            activities as a holder of Federal office, may be used by 
            such candidate or individual, as the case may be, to defray 
            any ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in connection 
            with his or her duties as a holder of Federal office, may be 
            contributed to any organization described in section 170(c) 
            of title 26, or may be used for any other lawful purpose, 
            including transfers without limitation to any national, 
            State, or local committee of any political party; except 
            that no such amounts may be converted by any person to any 
            personal use, other than to defray any ordinary and 
            necessary expenses incurred in connection with his or her 
            duties as a holder of Federal office. (Pub. L. 92-225, Title 
            III, Sec. 313, formerly Sec. 318, as added Pub. L. 93-443, 
            Title II, Sec. 210, Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1288, renumbered 
            Sec. 317, Pub. L. 94-283, Title I, Sec. 105, May 11, 1976, 
            90 Stat. 481, renumbered Sec. 313 and amended Pub. L. 96-
            187, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105(4), 113, Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 
            1354, 1366; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 
            2095; Pub. L. 101-194, Title V, Sec. 504(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 
            103 Stat. 1755.)
            Sec. 439b. (Repealed.)

  

   399.16-3  Sec. 439c. Authorization of appropriations.
                There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
            Commission for the purpose of carrying out its functions 
            under this Act, and under chapters 95 and 96 of title 26, 
            not to exceed $5,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
            1975. There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
            Commission $6,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
            1976, $1,500,000 for the period beginning July 1, 1976, and 
            ending September 30, 1976, $6,000,000 for the fiscal year 
            ending September 30, 1977, and $7,811,500 for the fiscal 
            year ending September 30, 1978, and $9,400,000 (of which not 
            more than $400,000 is authorized to be appropriated for the 
            national clearinghouse function described in section 
            (438(a)(10) of this title) for the fiscal year ending 
            September 30, 1981. (Pub. L. 92-225, Title III, Sec. 314, 
            formerly Sec. 320, as added Pub. L. 93-443, Title II, Sec. 
            210, Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1289; renumbered Sec. 319 and 
            amended Pub. L. 94-283, Title I, Sec. 105; 113, May 11, 
            1976, 90 Stat. 481, 495; Pub. L. 95-127, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 
            Stat. 1110; renumbered Sec. 314, Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, 
            Sec. 105(5), Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 96-253, 
            May 29, 1980, 94 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 
            1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)
            Sec. 440. (Repealed.)
            Sec. 441. (Repealed.)

  

     399.17  Sec. 441a. Limitations on contributions and expenditures.
            (a) Dollar limits on contributions
                (1) No person shall make contributions--
                            (A) to any candidate and his authorized 
                        political committees with respect to any 
                        election for Federal office which, in the 
                        aggregate, exceed $1,000;
                            (B) to the political committees established 
                        and maintained by a national political party, 
                        which are not the authorized political 
                        committees of any candidate, in any calendar 
                        year which, in the aggregate, exceed $20,000; or
                            (C) to any other political committee in any 
                        calendar year which, in the aggregate, exceed 
                        $5,000.
                (2) No multicandidate political committee shall make 
            contributions--
                            (A) to any candidate and his authorized 
                        political committees with respect to any 
                        election for Federal office which, in the 
                        aggregate, exceed $5,000;
                            (B) to the political committees established 
                        and maintained by a national political party, 
                        which are not the authorized political 
                        committees of any candidate, in any calendar 
                        year, which, in the aggregate, exceed $15,000; 
                        or
                            (C) to any other political committee in any 
                        calendar year which, in the aggregate, exceed 
                        $5,000.
                (3) No individual shall make contributions aggregating 
            more than $25,000 in any calendar year. For purposes of this 
            paragraph, any contribution made to a candidate in a year 
            other than the calendar year in which the election is held 
            with respect to which such contribution is made, is 
            considered to be made during the calendar year in which such 
            election is held.
                (4) The limitations on contributions contained in 
            paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply to transfers between and 
            among political committees which are national, State, 
            district, or local committees (including any subordinate 
            committee thereof) of the same political party. For purposes 
            of paragraph (2), the term ``multicandidate political 
            committee'' means a political committee which has been 
            registered under section 433 for a period of not less than 6 
            months, which has received contributions from more than 50 
            persons, and, except for any State political party 
            organization, has made contributions to 5 or more candidates 
            for Federal office.
                (5) For purposes of the limitations provided by 
            paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), all contributions made by 
            political committees established or financed or maintained 
            or controlled by any corporation, labor organization, or any 
            other person, including any parent, subsidiary, branch, 
            division, department, or local unit of such corporation, 
            labor organization, or any other person, or by any group of 
            such persons, shall be considered to have been made by a 
            single political committee, except that (A) nothing in this 
            sentence shall limit transfers between political committees 
            of funds raised through joint fund raising efforts; (B) for 
            purposes of the limitations provided by paragraph (1) and 
            paragraph (2) all contributions made by a single political 
            committee established or financed or maintained or 
            controlled by a national committee of a political party and 
            by a single political committee established or financed or 
            maintained or controlled by the State committee of a 
            political party shall not be considered to have been made by 
            a single political committee; and (C) nothing in this 
            section shall limit the transfer of funds between the 
            principal campaign committee of a candidate seeking 
            nomination or election to a Federal office and the principal 
            campaign committee of that candidate for nomination or 
            election to another Federal office if (i) such transfer is 
            not made when the candidate is actively seeking nomination 
            or election to both such offices; (ii) the limitations 
            contained in this Act on contributions by persons are not 
            exceeded by such transfer; and (iii) the candidate has not 
            elected to receive any funds under chapter 95 or chapter 96 
            of title 26. In any case in which a corporation and any of 
            its subsidiaries, branches, divisions, departments, or local 
            units, or a labor organization and any of its subsidiaries, 
            branches, divisions, departments, or local units establish 
            or finance or maintain or control more than one separate 
            segregated fund, all such separate segregated funds shall be 
            treated as a single separate segregated fund for purposes of 
            the limitations provided by paragraph (1) and paragraph (2).
                (6) The limitations on contributions to a candidate 
            imposed by paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection shall 
            apply separately with respect to each election, except that 
            all elections held in any calendar year for the office of 
            President of the United States (except a general election 
            for such office) shall be considered to be one election.
                (7) For purposes of this subsection--
                            (A) contributions to a named candidate made 
                        to any political committee authorized by such 
                        candidate to accept contributions on his behalf 
                        shall be considered to be contributions made to 
                        such candidate;
                            (B)(i) expenditures made by any person in 
                        cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or 
                        at the request or suggestion of, a candidate, 
                        his authorized political committees, or their 
                        agents, shall be considered to be a contribution 
                        to such candidate;
                            (ii) the financing by any person of the 
                        dissemination, distribution, of republication, 
                        in whole or in part, of any broadcast or any 
                        written, graphic, or other form of campaign 
                        materials prepared by the candidate, his 
                        campaign committees, or their authorized agents 
                        shall be considered to be an expenditure for 
                        purposes of this paragraph; and
                            (C) contributions made to or for the benefit 
                        of any candidate nominated by a political party 
                        for election to the office of Vice President of 
                        the United States shall be considered to be 
                        contributions made to or for the benefit of the 
                        candidate of such party for election to the 
                        office of President of the United States.
                (8) For purposes of the limitations imposed by this 
            section, all contributions made by a person, either directly 
            or indirectly, on behalf of a particular candidate, 
            including contributions which are in any way earmarked or 
            otherwise directed through an intermediary or conduit to 
            such candidate, shall be treated as contributions from such 
            person to such candidate. The intermediary or conduit shall 
            report the original source and the intended recipient of 
            such contribution to the Commission and to the intended 
            recipient.
            (b) Dollar limits on expenditures by candidates for office 
                of President of the United States
                (1) No candidate for the office of President of the 
            United States who is eligible under section 9003 of title 26 
            (relating to condition for eligibility for payments) or 
            under section 9033 of title 26 (relating to eligibility for 
            payments) to receive payments from the Secretary of the 
            Treasury may make expenditures in excess of--
                            (A) $10,000,000 in the case of a campaign 
                        for nomination for election to such office, 
                        except the aggregate of expenditures under this 
                        subparagraph in any one State shall not exceed 
                        the greater of 16 cents multiplied by the voting 
                        age population of the State (as certified under 
                        subsection (e) of this section), or $200,000; or
                            (B) $20,000,000 in the case of a campaign 
                        for election to such office.
                (2) For purposes of this subsection--
                            (A) expenditures made by or on behalf of any 
                        candidate nominated by a political party for 
                        election to the office of Vice President of the 
                        United States shall be considered to be 
                        expenditures made by or on behalf of the 
                        candidate of such party for election to the 
                        office of President of the United States; and
                            (B) an expenditure is made on behalf of a 
                        candidate, including a vice presidential 
                        candidate, if it is made by--

                                (i) an authorized committee or any other 
                            agent of the candidate for purposes of 
                            making any expenditure; or

                                (ii) any person authorized or requested 
                            by the candidate, an authorized committee of 
                            the candidate, or any agent of the 
                            candidate, to make the expenditure.

            (c) Increases on limits based on increases in price index
                (1) At the beginning of each calendar year (commencing 
            in 1976), as there become available necessary data from the 
            Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor, the 
            Secretary of Labor shall certify to the Commission and 
            publish in the Federal Register the per-cent difference 
            between the price index for the 12 months preceding the 
            beginning of such calendar year and the price index for the 
            base period. Each limitation established by subsection (b) 
            and subsection (d) shall be increased by such percent 
            difference. Each amount so increased shall be the amount in 
            effect for such calendar year.
                (2) For purposes of paragraph (1)--
                            (A) the term ``price index'' means the 
                        average over a calendar year of the Consumer 
                        Price Index (all items--United States city 
                        average) published monthly by the Bureau of 
                        Labor Statistics; and
                            (B) the term ``base period'' means the 
                        calendar year 1974.
            (d) Expenditures by national committee, State committee, or 
                subordinate committee of State committee in connection 
                with general election campaign of candidates for Federal 
                office
                (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law with 
            respect to the limitations on expenditures or limitations on 
            contributions, the national committee of a political party 
            and a State committee of a political party, including any 
            subordinate committee of a State committee, may make 
            expenditures in connection with the general election 
            campaign of candidates for Federal office, subject to the 
            limitations contained in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this 
            subsection.
                (2) The national committee of a political party may not 
            make any expenditure in connection with the general election 
            campaign of any candidate for President of the United States 
            who is affiliated with such party which exceeds an amount 
            equal to 2 cents multiplied by the voting age population of 
            the United States (as certified under subsection (e) of this 
            section). Any expenditure under this paragraph shall be in 
            addition to any expenditure by a national committee of a 
            political party serving as the principal campaign committee 
            of a candidate for the office of President of the United 
            States.
                (3) The national committee of a political party, or a 
            State committee of a political party, including any 
            subordinate committee of a State committee, may not make any 
            expenditure in connection with the general election campaign 
            of a candidate for Federal office in a State who is 
            affiliated with such party which exceeds--
                            (A) in the case of a candidate for election 
                        to the office of Senator, or of Representative 
                        from a State which is entitled to only one 
                        Representative, the greater of--

                                (i) 2 cents multiplied by the voting age 
                            population of the State (as certified under 
                            subsection (e) of this section); or

                                (ii) $20,000; and

                            (B) in the case of a candidate for election 
                        to the office of Representative, Delegate, or 
                        Resident Commissioner in any other State, 
                        $10,000.
            (e) Certification and publication of estimated voting age 
                population
                During the first week of January 1975, and every 
            subsequent year, the Secretary of Commerce shall certify to 
            the Commission and publish in the Federal Register an 
            estimate of the voting age population of the United States, 
            of each State, and of each congressional district as of the 
            first day of July next preceding the date of certification. 
            The term ``voting age population'' means resident 
            population, 18 years of age or older.
            (f) Prohibited contributions and expenditures
                No candidate or political committee shall knowingly 
            accept any contribution or make any expenditure in violation 
            of the provisions of this section. No officer or employee of 
            a political committee shall knowingly accept a contribution 
            made for the benefit or use of a candidate, or knowingly 
            make any expenditure on behalf of a candidate, in violation 
            of any limitation imposed on contributions and expenditures 
            under this section.
            (g) Attribution of multi-State expenditures to candidate's 
                expenditure limitation in each State
                The Commission shall prescribe rules under which any 
            expenditure by a candidate for presidential nominations for 
            use in 2 or more States shall be attributed to such 
            candidate's expenditure limitation in each such State, based 
            on the voting age population in such State which can 
            reasonably be expected to be influenced by such expenditure.
            (h) Senatorial candidates
                Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, amounts 
            totaling not more than $17,500 may be contributed to a 
            candidate for nomination for election, or for election, to 
            the United States Senate during the year in which an 
            election is held in which he is such a candidate, by the 
            Republican or Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, or 
            the national committee of a political party, or any 
            combination of such committees. (May 11, 1976, Pub. L. 94-
            283, Sec. 112(2), 90 Stat. 486; Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-
            187, Title I, Sec. 105(5), 93 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 99-514, 
            Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)
   399.17-1  Sec. 441b. Contributions or expenditures by national banks, 
                corporations, or labor organizations.
                (a) It is unlawful for any national bank, or any 
            corporation organized by authority of any law of Congress, 
            to make a contribution or expenditure in connection with any 
            election to any political office, or in connection with any 
            primary election or political convention or caucus held to 
            select candidates for any political office, or for any 
            corporation whatever, or any labor organization, to make a 
            contribution or expenditure in connection with any election 
            at which presidential and vice presidential electors or a 
            Senator or Representative in, or a Delegate or Resident 
            Commissioner to, Congress are to be voted for, or in 
            connection with any primary election or political convention 
            or caucus held to select candidates for any of the foregoing 
            offices, or for any candidate, political committee, or other 
            person knowingly to accept or receive any contribution 
            prohibited by this section, or any officer or any director 
            of any corporation or any national bank or any officer of 
            any labor organization to consent to any contribution or 
            expenditure by the corporation, national bank, or labor 
            organization, as the case may be, prohibited by this 
            section.
                (b)(1) For the purposes of this section the term ``labor 
            organization'' means any organization of any kind, or any 
            agency or employee representation committee or plan, in 
            which employees participate and which exists for the 
            purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers 
            concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, 
            hours of employment, or conditions of work.
                (2) For purposes of this section and section 12(h) of 
            the Public Utility Holding Company Act (15 U.S.C. 791(h)), 
            the term ``contribution or expenditure'' shall include any 
            direct or indirect payment, distribution, loan, advance, 
            deposit, or gift of money, or any services, or anything of 
            value (except a loan of money by a national or State bank 
            made in accordance with the applicable banking laws and 
            regulations and in the ordinary course of business) to any 
            candidate, campaign committee, or political party or 
            organization, in connection with any election to any of the 
            offices referred to in this section, but shall not include 
            (A) communications by a corporation to its stockholders and 
            executive or administrative personnel and their families or 
            by a labor organization to its members and their families on 
            any subject; (B) nonpartisan registration and get-out-the-
            vote campaigns by a corporation aimed at its stockholders 
            and executive or administrative personnel and their 
            families, or by a labor organization aimed at its members 
            and their families; and (C) the establishment, 
            administration, and solicitation of contributions to a 
            separate segregated fund to be utilized for political 
            purposes by a corporation, labor organization, membership 
            organization, cooperative, or corporation without capital 
            stock.
                (3) It shall be unlawful--
                            (A) for such a fund to make a contribution 
                        or expenditure by utilizing money or anything of 
                        value secured by physical force, job 
                        discrimination, financial reprisals, or the 
                        threat of force, job discrimination, or 
                        financial reprisal; or by dues, fees, or other 
                        moneys required as a condition of membership in 
                        a labor organization or as a condition of 
                        employment, or by moneys obtained in any 
                        commercial transaction;
                            (B) for any person soliciting an employee 
                        for a contribution to such a fund to fail to 
                        inform such employee of the political purposes 
                        of such fund at the time of such solicitation; 
                        and
                            (C) for any person soliciting an employee 
                        for a contribution to such a fund to fail to 
                        inform such employee, at the time of such 
                        solicitation, of his right to refuse to so 
                        contribute without any reprisal.
                (4)(A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B), (C), and 
            (D), it shall be unlawful--
                            (i) for a corporation, or a separate 
                        segregated fund established by a corporation, to 
                        solicit contributions to such a fund from any 
                        person other than its stockholders and their 
                        families and its executive or administrative 
                        personnel and their families, and
                            (ii) for a labor organization, or a separate 
                        segregated fund established by a labor 
                        organization, to solicit contributions to such a 
                        fund from any person other than its members and 
                        their families.
                (B) It shall not be unlawful under this section for a 
            corporation, a labor organization, or a separate segregated 
            fund established by such corporation or such labor 
            organization, to make 2 written solicitations for 
            contributions during the calendar year from any stockholder, 
            executive or administrative personnel, or employee of a 
            corporation or the families of such persons. A solicitation 
            under this subparagraph may be made only by mail addressed 
            to stockholders, executive or administrative personnel, or 
            employees at their residence and shall be so designed that 
            the corporation, labor organization, or separate segregated 
            fund conducting such solicitation cannot determine who makes 
            a contribution of $50 or less as a result of such 
            solicitation who does not make such a contribution.
                (C) This paragraph shall not prevent a membership 
            organization, cooperative, or corporation without capital 
            stock, or a separate segregated fund established by a 
            membership organization, cooperative, or corporation without 
            capital stock, from soliciting contributions to such a fund 
            from members of such organization, cooperative, or 
            corporation without capital stock.
                (D) This paragraph shall not prevent a trade association 
            or a separate segregated fund established by a trade 
            association from soliciting contributions from the 
            stockholders and executive or administrative personnel of 
            the member corporations of such trade association and the 
            families of such stockholders or personnel to the extent 
            that such solicitation of such stockholders and personnel, 
            and their families, has been separately and specifically 
            approved by the member corporation involved, and such member 
            corporation does not approve any such solicitation by more 
            than one such trade association in any calendar year.
                (5) Notwithstanding any other law, any method of 
            soliciting voluntary contributions or of facilitating the 
            making of voluntary contributions to a separate segregated 
            fund established by a corporation, permitted by law to 
            corporations with regard to stockholders and executive or 
            administrative personnel, shall also be permitted to labor 
            organizations with regard to their members.
                (6) Any corporation, including its subsidiaries, 
            branches, divisions, and affiliates, that utilizes a method 
            of soliciting voluntary contributions or facilitating the 
            making of voluntary contributions, shall make available such 
            method, on written request and at a cost sufficient only to 
            reimburse the corporation for the expenses incurred thereby, 
            to a labor organization representing any members working for 
            such corporation, its subsidiaries, branches, divisions, and 
            affiliates.
                (7) For purposes of this section, the term ``executive 
            or administrative personnel'' means individuals employed by 
            a corporation who are paid on a salary, rather than hourly, 
            basis and who have policymaking, managerial, professional, 
            or supervisory responsibilities. (May 11, 1976, Pub. L. 94-
            283, Sec. 112(2), 90 Stat. 490; renumbered and amended Pub. 
            L. 96-187, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105(5), 112(d), Jan. 8, 1980, 
            93 Stat. 1354, 1366.)
   399.17-2  Sec. 441c. Contributions by government contractors.
            (a) Prohibition
                It shall be unlawful for any person--
                            (1) who enters into any contract with the 
                        United States or any department or agency 
                        thereof either for the rendition of personal 
                        services or furnishing any material, supplies, 
                        or equipment to the United States or any 
                        department or agency thereof or for selling any 
                        land or building to the United States or any 
                        department or agency thereof, if payment for the 
                        performance of such contract or payment for such 
                        material, supplies, equipment, land, or building 
                        is to be made in whole or in part from funds 
                        appropriated by the Congress, at any time 
                        between the commencement of negotiations for and 
                        the later of (A) the completion of performance 
                        under; or (B) the termination of negotiations 
                        for, such contract or furnishing of material, 
                        supplies, equipment, land, or buildings, 
                        directly or indirectly to make any contribution 
                        of money or other things of value, or to promise 
                        expressly or impliedly to make any such 
                        contribution to any political party, committee, 
                        or candidate for public office or to any person 
                        for any political purpose or use; or
                            (2) knowingly to solicit any such 
                        contribution from any such person for any such 
                        purpose during any such period.
            (b) Separate segregated funds
                This section does not prohibit or make unlawful the 
            establishment or administration of, or the solicitation of 
            contributions to, any separate segregated fund by any 
            corporation, labor organization, membership organization, 
            cooperative, or corporation without capital stock for the 
            purpose of influencing the nomination for election, or 
            election, of any person to Federal office, unless the 
            provisions of section 441b prohibit or make unlawful the 
            establishment or administration of, or the solicitation of 
            contributions to, such fund. Each specific prohibition, 
            allowance, and duty applicable to a corporation, labor 
            organization, or separate segregated fund under section 441b 
            applies to a corporation, labor organization, or separate 
            segregated fund to which this subsection applies.
            (c) ``Labor organization'' defined
                For purposes of this section, the term ``labor 
            organization'' has the meaning given it by section 
            441b(b)(1) of this title. (May 11, 1976, Pub. L. 94-283, 
            Sec. 112(2), 90 Stat. 492; Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-187, 
            Title I, Sec. 105(5), 93 Stat. 1354.)
   399.17-3  Sec. 441d. Publication and distribution of statements and 
                solicitations; charge for newspaper or magazine space.
                (a) Whenever any person makes an expenditure for the 
            purpose of financing communications expressly advocating the 
            election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate, or 
            solicits any contribution through any broadcasting station, 
            newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising facility, direct 
            mailing, or any other type of general public political 
            advertising, such communication--
                            (1) if paid for and authorized by a 
                        candidate, an authorized political committee of 
                        a candidate, or its agents, shall clearly state 
                        that the communication has been paid for by such 
                        authorized political committee, or
                            (2) if paid for by other persons but 
                        authorized by a candidate, an authorized 
                        political committee of a candidate, or its 
                        agents, shall clearly state that the 
                        communication is paid for by such other persons 
                        and authorized by such authorized political 
                        committee;
                            (3) if not authorized by a candidate, an 
                        authorized political committee of a candidate, 
                        or its agents, shall clearly state the name of 
                        the person who paid for the communication and 
                        state that the communication is not authorized 
                        by any candidate or candidate's committee.
                (b) No person who sells space in a newspaper or magazine 
            to a candidate or to the agent of a candidate, for use in 
            connection with such candidate's campaign, may charge any 
            amount for such space which exceeds the amount charged for 
            comparable use of such space for other purposes. (Pub. L. 
            92-225, Title III, Sec. 318, formerly Sec. 323, as added 
            Pub. L. 94-283, Title I, Sec. 112(2), May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 
            493, renumbered and amended Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, 
            Sec. Sec. 105(5), 111, Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1354, 1365.)
   399.17-4  Sec. 441e. Contributions by foreign nationals.
                (a) It shall be unlawful for a foreign national directly 
            or through any other person to make any contribution of 
            money or other thing of value, or to promise expressly or 
            impliedly to make any such contribution, in connection with 
            an election to any political office or in connection with 
            any primary election, convention, or caucus held to select 
            candidates for any political office; or for any person to 
            solicit, accept, or receive any such contribution from a 
            foreign national.
                (b) As used in this section, the term ``foreign 
            national'' means--
                            (1) a foreign principal, as such term is 
                        defined by section 1(b) of the Foreign Agents 
                        Registration Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611(b)), 
                        except that the term ``foreign national'' shall 
                        not include any individual who is a citizen of 
                        the United States; or
                            (2) an individual who is not a citizen of 
                        the United States and who is not lawfully 
                        admitted for permanent residence, as defined by 
                        section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and 
                        Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(20)). (May 11, 
                        1976, Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 112(2), 90 Stat. 493; 
                        Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, 
                        Sec. 105(5), 93 Stat. 1354.)
   399.17-5  Sec. 441f. Contributions in name of another prohibited.
                No person shall make a contribution in the name of 
            another person or knowingly permit his name to be used to 
            effect such a contribution, and no person shall knowingly 
            accept a contribution made by one person in the name of 
            another person. (May 11, 1976, Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 112(2), 
            90 Stat. 494; Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, 
            Sec. 105(5), 93 Stat. 1354.)
   399.17-6  Sec. 441g. Limitation on contribution of currency.
                No person shall make contributions of currency of the 
            United States or currency of any foreign country to or for 
            the benefit of any candidate which, in the aggregate, exceed 
            $100, with respect to any campaign of such candidate for 
            nomination for election, or for election, to Federal office. 
            (May 11, 1976, Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 112(2), 90 Stat. 494; 
            Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, Sec. 105(5), 93 Stat. 
            1354.)
   399.17-7  Sec. 441h. Fraudulent misrepresentation of campaign 
                authority.
                No person who is a candidate for Federal office or any 
            employee or agent of such a candidate shall--
                            (1) fraudulently misrepresent himself or any 
                        committee or organization under his control as 
                        speaking or writing or otherwise acting for or 
                        on behalf of any other candidate or political 
                        party or employee or agent thereof on a matter 
                        which is damaging to such other candidate or 
                        political party or employee or agent thereof; or
                            (2) willfully and knowingly participate in 
                        or conspire to participate in any plan, scheme, 
                        or design to violate paragraph (1). (May 11, 
                        1976, Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 112(2), 90 Stat. 494; 
                        Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, 
                        Sec. 105(5), 93 Stat. 1354.)
   399.17-8  Sec. 441i. (Repealed.) (Pub. L. 102-90, Sec. 6(d), Aug. 14, 
                1991, 105 Stat. 451)
            Sec. 441j. (Repealed.)

  

     399.19  Sec. 442. Authority to procure technical support and other 
                services and incur travel expenses; payment of such 
                expenses.
                For the purpose of carrying out his duties under the 
            Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, the Secretary of the 
            Senate is authorized, from and after July 1, 1972, (1) to 
            procure technical support services, (2) to procure the 
            temporary or intermittent services of individual 
            technicians, experts, or consultants, or organizations 
            thereof, in the same manner and under the same conditions, 
            to the extent applicable, as a standing committee of the 
            Senate may procure such services under section 202(i) of the 
            Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, (3) with the prior 
            consent of the Government department or agency concerned and 
            the Committee on Rules and Administration, to use on a 
            reimbursable basis the services of personnel of any such 
            department or agency, and (4) to incur official travel 
            expenses. Payments to carry out the provisions of this 
            paragraph shall be made from funds included in the 
            appropriation ``Miscellaneous Items'' under the heading 
            ``Contingent Expenses of the Senate'' upon vouchers approved 
            by the Secretary of the Senate. All sums received by the 
            Secretary under authority of the Federal Election Campaign 
            Act of 1971 shall be covered into the Treasury as 
            miscellaneous receipts. (July 10, 1972, Pub. L. 92-342, 
            Sec. 101, 86 Stat. 435.)
            
                         Subchapter II.--General Provisions

     399.20  Sec. 451. Extension of credit by regulated industries; 
                regulations.
                The Secretary of Transportation, the Federal 
            Communications Commission, and the Surface Transportation 
            Board shall each maintain,\1\ its own regulations with 
            respect to the extension of credit, without security, by any 
            person regulated by the Secretary under subpart II of part A 
            of subtitle VII of title 49, or such Commission or Board, to 
            any candidate for Federal office, or to any person on behalf 
            of such a candidate, for goods furnished or services 
            rendered in connection with the campaign of such candidate 
            for nomination for election, or election, to such office. 
            Pub. L. 92-225, Title IV, Sec. 401, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 
            19; Pub. L. 93-443, Title II, Sec. 201(b)(1), Oct. 15, 1974, 
            88 Stat. 1275; Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 4(a), July 5, 1994, 108 
            Stat. 1360; Pub. L. 104-88, Title III, Sec. 313, Dec. 29, 
            1995, 109 Stat. 948: Pub. L. 104-287, Sec. 6(g), Oct. 11, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 3399.)
                \1\ So in original. The comma probably should not 
                appear.
     399.21  Sec. 452. Prohibition against use of certain Federal funds 
                for election activities.
                No part of any funds appropriated to carry out the 
            Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 shall be used to finance, 
            directly or indirectly, any activity designed to influence 
            the outcome of any election to Federal office, or any voter 
            registration activity, or to pay the salary of any officer 
            or employee of the Office of Economic Opportunity who, in 
            his official capacity as such an officer or employee, 
            engages in any such activity. (Feb. 7, 1972, Pub. L. 92-225, 
            Sec. 402, 86 Stat. 19; Oct. 15, 1974, Pub. L. 93-443, 
            Sec. 201(b)(2), 88 Stat. 1275.)
     399.22  Sec. 453. State laws affected.
                The provisions of this Act, and of rules prescribed 
            under this Act, supersede and preempt any provision of State 
            law with respect to election to Federal Office. (Feb. 7, 
            1972, Pub. L. 92-225, Sec. 403, 86 Stat. 20; Oct. 15, 1974, 
            Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 301, 88 Stat. 1289.)
     399.23  Sec. 454. Partial invalidity.
                If any provision of this Act, or the application thereof 
            to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the validity 
            of the remainder of the Act and the application of such 
            provision to other persons and circumstances shall not be 
            affected thereby. (Feb. 7, 1972, Pub. L. 92-225, Sec. 404, 
            86 Stat. 20.)
   399.23-1  Sec. 455. Period of limitations.
                (a) No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished 
            for any violation of subchapter I of this chapter unless the 
            indictment is found or the information is instituted within 
            3 years after the date of the violation.
                (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law--
                            (1) the period of limitations referred to in 
                        subsection (a) of this section shall apply with 
                        respect to violations referred to in such 
                        subsection committed before, on, or after the 
                        effective date of this section; and
                            (2) no criminal proceeding shall be 
                        instituted against any person for any act or 
                        omission which was a violation of any provision 
                        of subchapter I of this chapter, as in effect on 
                        December 31, 1974, if such act or omission does 
                        not constitute a violation of any such 
                        provision, as amended by the Federal Election 
                        Campaign Act Amendments of 1974.

            Nothing in this subsection shall affect any proceeding 
            pending in any court of the United States on January 1, 
            1975. (Feb. 7, 1972, Pub. L. 92-225, Sec. 406, as added, 
            Oct. 15, 1974, Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 302, 88 Stat. 1289; May 
            11, 1976, Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 115(f), 90 Stat. 496.)

            Sec. 456. (Repealed.)
            
                    Chapter 15.--OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

     399.24  Sec. 471. Congressional findings and declaration of purpose.
                The Congress hereby finds and declares that:
                            (a) As technology continues to change and 
                        expand rapidly, its applications are--

                                (1) large and growing in scale; and

                                (2) increasingly extensive, pervasive, 
                            and critical in their impact, beneficial and 
                            adverse, on the natural and social 
                            environment.

                            (b) Therefore, it is essential that, to the 
                        fullest extent possible, the consequences of 
                        technological applications be anticipated, 
                        understood, and considered in determination of 
                        public policy on existing and emerging national 
                        problems.
                            (c) The Congress further finds that:

                                (1) the Federal agencies presently 
                            responsible directly to the Congress are not 
                            designed to provide the legislative branch 
                            with adequate and timely information, 
                            independently developed, relating to the 
                            potential impact of technological 
                            applications, and

                                (2) the present mechanisms of the 
                            Congress do not and are not designed to 
                            provide the legislative branch with such 
                            information.

                            (d) Accordingly, it is necessary for the 
                        Congress to--

                                (1) equip itself with new and effective 
                            means for securing competent, unbiased 
                            information concerning the physical, 
                            biological, economic, social, and political 
                            effects of such applications; and

                                (2) utilize this information, whenever 
                            appropriate, as one factor in the 
                            legislative assessment of matters pending 
                            before the Congress, particularly in those 
                            instances where the Federal Government may 
                            be called upon to consider support for, or 
                            management or regulation of, technological 
                            applications. (Oct. 13, 1972, Pub. L. 92-
                            484, Sec. 2, 86 Stat. 797.)

     399.25  Sec. 472. Office of Technology Assessment.
                (a) In accordance with the findings and declaration of 
            purpose, in section 471 of this title, there is hereby 
            created the Office of Technology Assessment (hereinafter 
            referred to as the ``Office'') which shall be within and 
            responsible to the legislative branch of the Government.
                (b) The Office shall consist of a Technology Assessment 
            Board (hereinafter referred to as the ``Board'') which shall 
            formulate and promulgate the policies of the Office, and a 
            Director who shall carry out such policies and administer 
            the operations of the Office.
                (c) The basic function of the Office shall be to provide 
            early indications of the probable beneficial and adverse 
            impacts of the applications of technology and to develop 
            other coordinate information which may assist the Congress. 
            In carrying out such function, the Office shall:
                            (1) identify existing or probable impacts of 
                        technology or technological programs;
                            (2) where possible, ascertain cause-and-
                        effect relationships;
                            (3) identify alternative technological 
                        methods of implementing specific programs;
                            (4) identify alternative programs for 
                        achieving requisite goals;
                            (5) make estimates and comparisons of the 
                        impacts of alternative methods and programs;
                            (6) present findings of completed analyses 
                        to the appropriate legislative authorities;
                            (7) identify areas where additional research 
                        or data collection is required to provide 
                        adequate support for the assessments and 
                        estimates described in paragraphs (1) through 
                        (5) of this subsection; and
                            (8) undertake such additional associated 
                        activities as the appropriate authorities 
                        specified under subsection (d) may direct.
                (d) Assessment activities undertaken by the Office may 
            be initiated upon the request of:
                            (1) the chairman of any standing, special, 
                        or select committee of either House of the 
                        Congress, or of any joint committee of the 
                        Congress, acting for himself or at the request 
                        of the ranking minority member or a majority of 
                        the committee members;
                            (2) the Board; or
                            (3) the Director, in consultation with the 
                        Board.
                (e) Assessments made by the Office, including 
            information, surveys, studies, reports, and findings related 
            thereto, shall be made available to the initiating committee 
            or other appropriate committees of the Congress. In 
            addition, any such information, surveys, studies, reports, 
            and findings produced by the Office may be made available to 
            the public except where--
                            (1) to do so would violate security 
                        statutes; or
                            (2) the Board considers it necessary or 
                        advisable to withhold such information in 
                        accordance with one or more of the numbered 
                        paragraphs in section 552(b) of title 5, United 
                        States Code. (Oct. 13, 1972, Pub. L. 92-484, 
                        Sec. 3, 86 Stat. 797.)
     399.26  Sec. 473. Technology Assessment Board.
                (a) The Board shall consist of thirteen members as 
            follows:
                            (1) six Members of the Senate, appointed by 
                        the President pro tempore of the Senate, three 
                        from the majority party and three from the 
                        minority party;
                            (2) six Members of the House of 
                        Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the 
                        House of Representatives, three from the 
                        majority party and three from the minority 
                        party; and
                            (3) the Director, who shall not be a voting 
                        member.
                (b) Vacancies in the membership of the Board shall not 
            affect the power of the remaining members to execute the 
            functions of the Board and shall be filled in the same 
            manner as in the case of the original appointment.
                (c) The Board shall select a chairman and a vice 
            chairman from among its members at the beginning of each 
            Congress. The vice chairman shall act in the place and stead 
            of the chairman in the absence of the chairman. The 
            chairmanship and the vice chairmanship shall alternate 
            between the Senate and the House of Representatives with 
            each Congress. The chairman during each even-numbered 
            Congress shall be selected by the Members of the House of 
            Representatives on the Board from among their number. The 
            vice chairman during each Congress shall be chosen in the 
            same manner from that House of Congress other than the House 
            of Congress of which the chairman is a Member.
                (d) The Board is authorized to sit and act at such 
            places and times during the sessions, recesses, and 
            adjourned periods of Congress, and upon a vote of a majority 
            of its members, to require by subpena or otherwise the 
            attendance of such witnesses and the production of such 
            books, papers, and documents, to administer such oaths and 
            affirmations, to take such testimony, to procure such 
            printing and binding, and to make such expenditures, as it 
            deems advisable. The Board may make such rules respecting 
            its organization and procedures as it deems necessary, 
            except that no recommendation shall be reported from the 
            Board unless a majority of the Board assent. Subpenas may be 
            issued over the signature of the chairman of the Board or of 
            any voting member designated by him or by the Board, and may 
            be served by such person or persons as may be designated by 
            such chairman or member. The chairman of the Board or any 
            voting member thereof may administer oaths or affirmations 
            to witnesses. (Oct. 13, 1972, Pub. L. 92-484, Sec. 4, 86 
            Stat. 798.)
     399.27  Sec. 474. Director of Office of Technology Assessment.
                (a) The Director of the Office of Technology Assessment 
            shall be appointed by the Board and shall serve for a term 
            of six years unless sooner removed by the Board. He shall 
            receive basic pay at the rate provided for level III of the 
            Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5.
                (b) In addition to the powers and duties vested in him 
            by this Act, the Director shall exercise such powers and 
            duties as may be delegated to him by the Board.
                (c) The Director may appoint with the approval of the 
            Board, a Deputy Director who shall perform such functions as 
            the Director may prescribe and who shall be Acting Director 
            during the absence or incapacity of the Director or in the 
            event of a vacancy in the office of Director. The Deputy 
            Director shall receive basic pay at the rate provided for 
            level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of 
            title 5.
                (d) Neither the Director nor the Deputy Director shall 
            engage in any other business, vocation, or employment than 
            that of serving as such Director or Deputy Director, as the 
            case may be; nor shall the Director or Deputy Director, 
            except with the approval of the Board, hold any office in, 
            or act in any capacity or, any organization, agency, or 
            institution with which the Office makes any contract or 
            other arrangement under this chapter. (Oct. 13, 1972, Pub. 
            L. 92-484, Sec. 5, 86 Stat. 799.)
     399.28  Sec. 475. Powers of Office of Technology Assessment.
                (a) The Office shall have the authority, within the 
            limits of available appropriations, to do all things 
            necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter, 
            including, but without being limited to, the authority to--
                            (1) make full use of competent personnel and 
                        organizations outside the Office, public or 
                        private, and form special ad hoc task forces or 
                        make other arrangements when appropriate;
                            (2) enter into contracts or other 
                        arrangements as may be necessary for the conduct 
                        of the work of the Office with any agency or 
                        instrumentality of the United States, with any 
                        State, territory, or possession or any political 
                        subdivision thereof, or with any person, firm, 
                        association, corporation, or educational 
                        institution, with or without reimbursement, 
                        without performance or other bonds, and without 
                        regard to section 3709 of the Revised Statutes 
                        (41 U.S.C. 5);
                            (3) make advance, progress, and other 
                        payments which relate to technology assessment 
                        without regard to the provisions of section 3648 
                        of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 529);
                            (4) accept and utilize the services of 
                        voluntary and uncompensated personnel necessary 
                        for the conduct of the work of the Office and 
                        provide transportation and subsistence as 
                        authorized by section 5703 of title 5 for 
                        persons serving without compensation;
                            (5) acquire by purchase, lease, loan, or 
                        gift, and hold and dispose of by sale, lease, or 
                        loan, real and personal property of all kinds 
                        necessary for or resulting from the exercise of 
                        authority granted by this chapter; and
                            (6) prescribe such rules and regulations as 
                        it deems necessary governing the operation and 
                        organization of the Office.
                (b) Contractors and other parties entering into 
            contracts and other arrangements under this section which 
            involve costs to the Government shall maintain such books 
            and related records as will facilitate an effective audit in 
            such detail and in such manner as shall be prescribed by the 
            Office, and such books and records (and related documents 
            and papers) shall be available to the Office and the 
            Comptroller General of the United States, or any of their 
            duly authorized representatives, for the purpose of audit 
            and examination.
                (c) The Office, in carrying out the provisions of this 
            chapter, shall not, itself, operate any laboratories, pilot 
            plants, or test facilities.
                (d) The Office is authorized to secure directly from any 
            executive department or agency information, suggestions, 
            estimates, statistics, and technical assistance for the 
            purpose of carrying out its functions under this chapter. 
            Each such executive department or agency shall furnish the 
            information, suggestions, estimates, statistics, and 
            technical assistance directly to the Office upon its 
            request.
                (e) On request of the Office, the head of any executive 
            department or agency may detail, with or without 
            reimbursement, any of its personnel to assist the Office in 
            carrying out its functions under this chapter.
                (f) The Director shall, in accordance with such policies 
            as the Board shall prescribe, appoint and fix the 
            compensation of such personnel as may be necessary to carry 
            out the provisions of this chapter. (Oct. 13, 1972, Pub. L. 
            92-484, Sec. 6, 86 Stat. 799.)
     399.29  Sec. 476. Technology Assessment Advisory Council.
                (a) The Office shall establish a Technology Assessment 
            Advisory Council (hereinafter referred to as the 
            ``Council''). The Council shall be composed of the following 
            twelve members:
                            (1) ten members from the public, to be 
                        appointed by the Board, who shall be persons 
                        eminent in one or more fields of the physical, 
                        biological, or social sciences or engineering or 
                        experienced in the administration of 
                        technological activities, or who may be judged 
                        qualified on the basis of contributions made to 
                        educational or public activities;
                            (2) the Comptroller General; and
                            (3) the Director of the Congressional 
                        Research Service of the Library of Congress.
                (b) The Council, upon request by the Board, shall--
                            (1) review and make recommendations to the 
                        Board on activities undertaken by the Office or 
                        on the initiation thereof in accordance with 
                        section 472(d) of this title;
                            (2) review and make recommendations to the 
                        Board on the findings of any assessment made by 
                        or for the Office; and
                            (3) undertake such additional related tasks 
                        as the Board may direct.
                (c) The Council, by majority vote, shall elect from its 
            members appointed under subsection (a)(1) of this section a 
            Chairman and a Vice Chairman, who shall serve for such time 
            and under such conditions as the Council may prescribe. In 
            the absence of the Chairman, or in the event of his 
            incapacity, the Vice Chairman shall act as Chairman.
                (d) The term of office of each member of the Council 
            appointed under subsection (a)(1) shall be four years except 
            that any such member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring 
            prior to the expiration of the term for which his 
            predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the 
            remainder of such term. No person shall be appointed a 
            member of the Council under subsection (a)(1) more than 
            twice. Terms of the members appointed under subsection 
            (a)(1) shall be staggered so as to establish a rotating 
            membership according to such method as the Board may devise.
                (e)(1) The members of the Council other than those 
            appointed under subsection (a)(1) shall receive no pay for 
            their services as members of the Council, but shall be 
            allowed necessary travel expenses (or, in the alternative, 
            mileage for use of privately owned vehicles and payments 
            when traveling on official business at not to exceed the 
            payment prescribed in regulations implementing section 5702 
            and in 5704 of title 5), and other necessary expenses 
            incurred by them in the performance of duties vested in the 
            Council, without regard to the provisions of subchapter 1 of 
            chapter 57 and section 5731 of title 5, and regulations 
            promulgated thereunder.
                (2) The members of the Council appointed under 
            subsection (a)(1) shall receive compensation for each day 
            engaged in the actual performance of duties vested in the 
            Council at rates of pay not in excess of the daily 
            equivalent of the highest rate of basic pay set forth in the 
            General Schedule of section 5332(a) of title 5, and in 
            addition shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and 
            other necessary expenses in the manner provided for other 
            members of the Council under paragraph (1) of this 
            subsection. (Oct. 13, 1972, Pub. L. 92-484, Sec. 7, 86 Stat. 
            800; Pub. L. 99-234, Title I, Sec. 107(a), Jan. 2, 1986, 99 
            Stat. 1759.)
     399.30  Sec. 477. Utilization of services of Library of Congress.
                (a) To carry out the objectives of this Act, the 
            Librarian of Congress is authorized to make available to the 
            Office such services and assistance of the Congressional 
            Research Service as may be appropriate and feasible.
                (b) Such services and assistance made available to the 
            Office shall include, but not be limited to, all of the 
            services and assistance which the Congressional Research 
            Service is otherwise authorized to provide to the Congress.
                (c) Nothing in this section shall alter or modify any 
            services or responsibilities, other than those performed for 
            the Office, which the Congressional Research Service under 
            law performs for or on behalf of the Congress. The Librarian 
            is, however, authorized to establish within the 
            Congressional Research Service such additional divisions, 
            groups, or other organizational entities as may be necessary 
            to carry out the purpose of this Act.
                (d) Services and assistance made available to the Office 
            by the Congressional Research Service in accordance with 
            this section may be provided with or without reimbursement 
            from funds of the Office, as agreed upon by the Board and 
            the Librarian of Congress. (Oct. 13, 1972, Pub. L. 92-484, 
            Sec. 8, 86 Stat. 801.)
     399.31  Sec. 478. Utilization of services of General Accounting 
                Office.
                (a) Financial and administrative services (including 
            those related to budgeting, accounting, financial reporting, 
            personnel, and procurement) and such other services as may 
            be appropriate shall be provided the Office by the General 
            Accounting Office.
                (b) Such services and assistance to the Office shall 
            include, but not be limited to, all of the services and 
            assistance which the General Accounting Office is otherwise 
            authorized to provide to the Congress.
                (c) Nothing in this section shall alter or modify any 
            services or responsibilities, other than those performed for 
            the Office, which the General Accounting Office under law 
            performs for or on behalf of the Congress.
                (d) Services and assistance made available to the Office 
            by the General Accounting Office in accordance with this 
            section may be provided with or without reimbursement from 
            funds of the Office, as agreed upon by the Board and the 
            Comptroller General. (Oct. 13, 1972, Pub. L. 92-484, Sec. 9, 
            86 Stat. 802.)
     399.32  Sec. 479. Coordination of activities with National Science 
                Foundation.
                The Office shall maintain a continuing liaison with the 
            National Science Foundation with respect to--
                            (1) grants and contracts formulated or 
                        activated by the Foundation which are for 
                        purposes of technology assessment; and
                            (2) the promotion of coordination in areas 
                        of technology assessment, and the avoidance of 
                        unnecessary duplication or overlapping of 
                        research activities in the development of 
                        technology assessment techniques and programs. 
                        (Oct. 13, 1972, Pub. L. 92-484, Sec. 10(a), 86 
                        Stat. 802.)
     399.33  Sec. 480. Annual report to Congress.
                The Office shall submit to the Congress an annual report 
            which shall include, but not be limited to, an evaluation of 
            technology assessment techniques and identification, insofar 
            as may be feasible, of technological areas and programs 
            requiring future analysis. Such report shall be submitted 
            not later than March 15 of each year. (Oct. 13, 1972, Pub. 
            L. 92-484, Sec. 11, 86 Stat. 802.)
     399.34  Sec. 481. Authorization of appropriations; availability of 
                appropriations.
                (a) To enable the Office to carry out its powers and 
            duties, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the 
            Office, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise 
            appropriated, not to exceed $5,000,000 in the aggregate for 
            the two fiscal years ending June 30, 1973, and June 30, 
            1974, and thereafter such sums as may be necessary.
                (b) Appropriations made pursuant to the authority 
            provided in subsection (a) shall remain available for 
            obligation, for expenditure, or for obligation and 
            expenditure for such period or periods as may be specified 
            in the chapter making such appropriations. (Oct. 13, 1972, 
            Pub. L. 92-484, Sec. 12, 86 Stat. 803.)
            
                  Chapter 16.--CONGRESSIONAL STANDARDS AND CONDUCT

     399.35  Sec. 502. Select Committee on Standards and Conduct of the 
                Senate.\1\
            (a) Advisory opinions or consultations respecting franked 
                mail for persons entitled to franking privilege; 
                franking privilege regulations
                \1\ Name changed to Select Committee on Ethics by 
                section 102 of S. Res. 4, 95th Congress, agreed to 
                February 4 (legislative day, February 1), 1977. Senate 
                Manual section 79.
                The Select Committee on Standards and Conduct of the 
            Senate shall provide guidance, assistance, advice and 
            counsel, through advisory opinions or consultations, in 
            connection with the mailing or contemplated mailing of 
            franked mail under section 3210, 3211, 3212, 3213(2), 3218, 
            or 3219, and in connection with the operation of section 
            3215, of title 39 upon the request of any Member of the 
            Senate or Member-elect, surviving spouse of any of the 
            foregoing, or other Senate official, entitled to send mail 
            as franked mail under any of those sections. The select 
            committee shall prescribe regulations governing the proper 
            use of the franking privilege under those sections by such 
            persons.
            (b) Complaint of franked mail violations; investigation; 
                notice and hearing; decision of select committee; 
                enforcement
                Any complaint filed by any person with the select 
            committee that a violation of any section of title 39 
            referred to in subsection (a) of this section is about to 
            occur or has occurred within the immediately preceding 
            period of one year, by any person referred to in such 
            subsection (a), shall contain pertinent factual material and 
            shall conform to regulations prescribed by the select 
            committee. The select committee, if it determines there is 
            reasonable justification for the complaint, shall conduct an 
            investigation of the matter, including an investigaton of 
            reports and statements filed by the complainant with respect 
            to the matter which is the subject of the complaint. The 
            committee shall afford to the person who is the subject of 
            the complaint due notice and, if it determines that there is 
            substantial reason to believe that such violation has 
            occurred or is about to occur, opportunity for all parties 
            to participate in a hearing before the select committee. The 
            select committee shall issue a written decision on each 
            complaint under this subsection not later than thirty days 
            after such a complaint has been filed or, if a hearing is 
            held, not later than thirty days after the conclusion of 
            such hearing. Such decision shall be based on written 
            findings of fact in the case by the select committee. If the 
            select committee finds, in its written decision, that a 
            violation has occurred or is about to occur, the committee 
            may take such action and enforcement as it considers 
            appropriate in accordance with applicable rules, precedents, 
            and standing orders of the Senate, and such other standards 
            as may be prescribed by such committee.
            (c) Administrative or judicial jurisdiction of civil actions 
                respecting franking law violations or abuses of franking 
                privilege dependent on filing of complaint with select 
                committee and rendition of decision by such committee
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no court or 
            administrative body in the United States or in any territory 
            thereof shall have jurisdiction to entertain any civil 
            action of any character concerning or related to a violation 
            of the franking laws or an abuse of the franking privilege 
            by any person listed under subsection (a) of this section as 
            entitled to send mail as franked mail, until a complaint has 
            been filed with the select committee and the committee has 
            rendered a decision under subsection (b) of this section.
            (d) Administrative procedure regulations
                The select committee shall prescribe regulations for the 
            holding of investigations and hearings, the conduct of 
            proceedings, and the rendering of decisions under this 
            subsection providing for equitable procedures and the 
            protection of individual, public, and Government interests. 
            The regulations shall, insofar as practicable, contain the 
            substance of the administrative procedure provisions of 
            sections 551-559 and 701-706, of title 5. These regulations 
            shall govern matters under this subsection subject to 
            judicial review thereof.
            (e) Property of Senate; records of select committee; voting 
                record; location of records, data, and files
                The select committee shall keep a complete record of all 
            its actions, including a record of the votes on any question 
            on which a record vote is demanded. All records, data, and 
            files of the select committee shall be the property of the 
            Senate and shall be kept in the offices of the select 
            committee or such other places as the committee may direct. 
            (Dec. 18, 1973, Pub. L. 93-191, Sec. 6, 87 Stat. 744; 
            amended Mar. 27, 1974, Pub. L. 93-255, Sec. 3(b), 88 Stat. 
            52.)
            
                      Chapter 17.--CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE

     399.36  Sec. 601. Establishment.
            (a) In general
                (1) There is established an office of the Congress to be 
            known as the Congressional Budget Office (hereinafter in 
            this chapter referred to as the ``Office''). The Office 
            shall be headed by a Director; and there shall be a Deputy 
            Director who shall perform such duties as may be assigned to 
            him by the Director and, during the absence or incapacity of 
            the Director or during a vacancy in that office, shall act 
            as Director.
                (2) The Director shall be appointed by the Speaker of 
            the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore 
            of the Senate after considering recommendations received 
            from the Committees on the Budget of the House and the 
            Senate, without regard to political affiliation and solely 
            on the basis of his fitness to perform his duties. The 
            Deputy Director shall be appointed by the Director.
                (3) The term of office of the Director shall be 4 years 
            and shall expire on January 3 of the year preceding each 
            Presidential election. Any individual appointed as Director 
            to fill a vacancy prior to the expiration of a term shall 
            serve only for the unexpired portion of that term. An 
            individual serving as Director at the expiration of a term 
            may continue to serve until his successor is appointed. Any 
            Deputy Director shall serve until the expiration of the term 
            of office of the Director who appointed him (and until his 
            successor is appointed), unless sooner removed by the 
            Director.
                (4) The Director may be removed by either House by 
            resolution.
                (5) (A) The Director shall receive compensation at an 
            annual rate of pay that is equal to the lower of--
                            (i) the highest annual rate of compensation 
                        of any officer of the Senate; or
                            (ii) the highest annual rate of compensation 
                        of any officer of the House of Representatives.
                (B) The Deputy Director shall receive compensation at an 
            annual rate of pay that is $1,000 less than the annual rate 
            of pay received by the Director, as determined under 
            subparagraph (A).
            (b) Personnel
                The Director shall appoint and fix the compensation of 
            such personnel as may be necessary to carry out the duties 
            and functions of the Office. All personnel of the Office 
            shall be appointed without regard to political affiliation 
            and solely on the basis of their fitness to perform their 
            duties. The Director may prescribe the duties and 
            responsibilities of the personnel of the Office, and 
            delegate to them authority to perform any of the duties, 
            powers, and functions imposed on the Office or on the 
            Director. For purposes of pay (other than pay of the 
            Director and Deputy Director) and employment benefits, 
            rights, and privileges, all personnel of the Office shall be 
            treated as if they were employees of the House of 
            Representatives.
            (c) Experts and consultants
                In carrying out the duties and functions of the Office, 
            the Director may procure the temporary (not to exceed one 
            year) or intermittent services of experts or consultants or 
            organizations thereof by contract as independent 
            contractors, or, in the case of individual experts or 
            consultants, by employment at rates of pay not in excess of 
            the daily equivalent of the highest rate of basic pay 
            payable under the General Schedule of section 5332 of title 
            5.
            (d) Relationship to executive branch
                The Director is authorized to secure information, data, 
            estimates, and statistics directly from the various 
            departments, agencies, and establishments of the executive 
            branch of Government and the regulatory agencies and 
            commissions of the Government. All such departments, 
            agencies, establishments, and regulatory agencies and 
            commissions shall furnish the Director any available 
            material which he determines to be necessary in the 
            performance of his duties and functions (other than material 
            the disclosure of which would be a violation of law). The 
            Director is also authorized, upon agreement with the head of 
            any such department, agency, establishment, or regulatory 
            agency or commission, to utilize its services, facilities, 
            and personnel with or without reimbursement; and the head of 
            each such department, agency, establishment, or regulatory 
            agency or commission is authorized to provide the Office 
            such services, facilities, and personnel.
            (e) Relationship to other agencies of Congress
                In carrying out the duties and functions of the Office, 
            and for the purpose of coordinating the operations of the 
            Office with those of other congressional agencies with a 
            view to utilizing most effectively the information, 
            services, and capabilities of all such agencies in carrying 
            out the various responsibilities assigned to each, the 
            Director is authorized to obtain information, data, 
            estimates, and statistics developed by the General 
            Accounting Office, and the Library of Congress, and (upon 
            agreement with them) to utilize their services, facilities, 
            and personnel with or without reimbursement. The Comptroller 
            General, and the Librarian of Congress, are authorized to 
            provide the Office with the information, data, estimates, 
            and statistics, and the services, facilities, and personnel, 
            referred to in the preceding sentence.
            (f) Revenue estimates
                For the purposes of revenue legislation which is income, 
            estate and gift, excise, and payroll taxes (i.e., Social 
            Security), considered or enacted in any session of Congress, 
            the Congressional Budget Office shall use exclusively during 
            that session of Congress revenue estimates provided to it by 
            the Joint Committee on Taxation. During that session of 
            Congress such revenue estimates shall be transmitted by the 
            Congressional Budget Office to any committee of the House of 
            Representatives or the Senate requesting such estimates, and 
            shall be used by such Committees in determining such 
            estimates. The Budget Committees of the Senate and House 
            shall determine all estimates with respect to scoring points 
            of order and with respect to the execution of the purposes 
            of this Act.
            (g) Authorization of appropriations
                There are authorized to be appropriated to the Office 
            for each fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to enable 
            it to carry out its duties and functions. Until sums are 
            first appropriated pursuant to the preceding sentence, but 
            for a period not exceeding 12 months following the effective 
            date of this subsection, the expenses of the Office shall be 
            paid from the contingent fund of the Senate, in accordance 
            with section 68 of this title, and upon vouchers approved by 
            the Director. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title II, Sec. 201, July 12, 
            1974, 88 Stat. 302; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 273, Dec. 
            12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1098; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13202, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-615; Pub. L. 105-
            33, Title X, Sec. 10102, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 678; Pub. 
            L. 106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(5), Nov. 29, 1999, 113 
            Stat. 1536, 1501A-299.)
     399.37  Sec. 602. Duties and functions.
            (a) Assistance to budget committees
                It shall be the primary duty and function of the Office 
            to provide to the Committees on the Budget of both Houses 
            information which will assist such committees in the 
            discharge of all matters within their jurisdictions, 
            including (1) information with respect to the budget, 
            appropriation bills, and other bills authorizing or 
            providing new budget authority or tax expenditures, (2) 
            information with respect to revenues, receipts, estimated 
            future revenues and receipts, and changing revenue 
            conditions, and (3) such related information as such 
            Committee may request.
            (b) Assistance to Committees on Appropriations, Ways and 
                Means, and Finance
                At the request of the Committee on Appropriations of 
            either House, the Committee on Ways and Means of the House 
            of Representatives, or the Committee on Finance of the 
            Senate, the Office shall provide to such Committee any 
            information which will assist it in the discharge of matters 
            within its jurisdiction, including information described in 
            clauses (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section and 
            such related information as the Committee may request.
            (c) Assistance to other committees and members
                (1) At the request of any other committee of the House 
            of Representatives or the Senate or any joint committee of 
            the Congress, the Office shall provide to such committee or 
            joint committee any information compiled in carrying out 
            clauses (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section, and, 
            to the extent practicable, such additional information 
            related to the foregoing as may be requested.
                (2) At the request of any committee of the Senate or the 
            House of Representatives, the Office shall, to the extent 
            practicable, consult with and assist such committee in 
            analyzing the budgetary or financial impact of any proposed 
            legislation that may have--
                            (A) a significant budgetary impact on State, 
                        local, or tribal governments;
                            (B) a significant financial impact on the 
                        private sector; or
                            (C) a significant employment impact on the 
                        private sector.
                (3) At the request of any Member of the House or Senate, 
            the Office shall provide to such Member any information 
            compiled in carrying out clauses (1) and (2) of subsection 
            (a) of this section, and, to the extent available, such 
            additional information related to the foregoing as may be 
            requested.
            (d) Assignment of office personnel to committees and joint 
                committees
                At the request of the Committee on the Budget of either 
            House, personnel of the Office shall be assigned, on a 
            temporary basis, to assist such committee. At the request of 
            any other committee of either House or any joint committee 
            of the Congress, personnel of the Office may be assigned, on 
            a temporary basis, to assist such committee or joint 
            committee with respect to matters directly related to the 
            applicable provisions of subsection (b) or (c) of this 
            section.
            (e) Reports to budget committees
                (1) On or before February 15 of each year, the Director 
            shall submit to the Committees on the Budget of the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate a report, for the fiscal year 
            commencing on October 1 of that year, with respect to fiscal 
            policy, including (A) alternative levels of total revenues, 
            total new budget authority, and total outlays (including 
            related surpluses and deficits), (B) the levels of tax 
            expenditures under existing law, taking into account 
            projected economic factors and any changes in such levels 
            based on proposals in the budget submitted by the President 
            for such fiscal year. Such report shall also include a 
            discussion of national budget priorities, including 
            alternative ways of allocating new budget authority and 
            budget outlays for such fiscal year among major programs or 
            functional categories, taking into account how such 
            alternative allocations will meet major national needs and 
            affect balanced growth and development of the United States, 
            and (C) a statement of the levels of budget authority and 
            outlays for each program assumed to be extended in the 
            baseline, as provided in section 257(b)(2)(A) and for excise 
            taxes assumed to be extended under section 257(b)(2)(C) of 
            the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
            1985. Such report shall also include a discussion of 
            national budget priorities, including alternative ways of 
            allocating new budget authority and budget outlays for such 
            fiscal year among major programs or functional categories, 
            taking into account how such alternative allocations will 
            meet major national needs and affect balanced growth and 
            development of the United States.
                (2) The Director shall from time to time submit to the 
            Committees on the Budget of the House of Representatives and 
            the Senate such further reports (including reports revising 
            the report required by paragraph (1)) as may be necessary or 
            appropriate to provide such Committees with information, 
            data, and analyses for the performance of their duties and 
            functions.
                (3) On or before January 15 of each year, the Director, 
            after consultation with the appropriate committees of the 
            House of Representatives and Senate, shall submit to the 
            Congress a report listing (A) all programs and activities 
            funded during the fiscal year ending September 30 of that 
            calendar year for which authorizations for appropriations 
            have not been enacted for that fiscal year, and (B) all 
            programs and activities for which authorizations for 
            appropriations have been enacted for the fiscal year ending 
            September 30 of that calendar year, but for which no 
            authorizations for appropriations have been enacted for the 
            fiscal year beginning October 1 of that calendar year.
            (f) Use of computers and other techniques
                The Director may equip the Office with up-to-date 
            computer capability (upon approval of the Committee on House 
            Oversight of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
            on Rules and Administration of the Senate), obtain the 
            services of experts and consultants in computer technology, 
            and develop techniques for the evaluation of budgetary 
            requirements.
            (g) Studies
                (1) Continuing studies
                            The Director of the Congressional Budget 
                        Office shall conduct continuing studies to 
                        enhance comparisons of budget outlays, credit 
                        authority, and tax expenditures.
                (2) Federal mandate studies
                            (A) At the request of any Chairman or 
                        ranking member of the minority of a Committee of 
                        the Senate or the House of Representatives, the 
                        Director shall, to the extent practicable, 
                        conduct a study of a legislative proposal 
                        containing a Federal mandate.
                            (B) In conducting a study on 
                        intergovernmental mandates under subparagraph 
                        (A), the Director shall--

                                (i) solicit and consider information or 
                            comments from elected officials (including 
                            their designated representatives) of State, 
                            local, or tribal governments as may provide 
                            helpful information or comments;

                                (ii) consider establishing advisory 
                            panels of elected officials or their 
                            designated representatives, of State, local, 
                            or tribal governments if the Director 
                            determines that such advisory panels would 
                            be helpful in performing responsibilities of 
                            the Director under this section; and

                                (iii) if, and to the extent that the 
                            Director determines that accurate estimates 
                            are reasonably feasible, include estimates 
                            of--

                                        (I) the future direct cost of 
                                    the Federal mandate to the extent 
                                    that such costs significantly differ 
                                    from or extend beyond the 5-year 
                                    period after the mandate is first 
                                    effective; and

                                        (II) any disproportionate 
                                    budgetary effects of Federal 
                                    mandates upon particular industries 
                                    or sectors of the economy, States, 
                                    regions, and urban or rural or other 
                                    types of communities, as 
                                    appropriate.

                            (C) In conducting a study on private sector 
                        mandates under subparagraph (A), the Director 
                        shall provide estimates, if and to the extent 
                        that the Director determines that such estimates 
                        are reasonably feasible, of--

                                (i) future costs of Federal private 
                            sector mandates to the extent that such 
                            mandates differ significantly from or extend 
                            beyond the 5-year time period referred to in 
                            subparagraph (B)(iii)(I);

                                (ii) any disproportionate financial 
                            effects of Federal private sector mandates 
                            and of any Federal financial assistance in 
                            the bill or joint resolution upon any 
                            particular industries or sectors of the 
                            economy, States, regions, and urban or rural 
                            or other types of communities; and

                                (iii) the effect of Federal private 
                            sector mandates in the bill or joint 
                            resolution on the national economy, 
                            including the effect on productivity, 
                            economic growth, full employment, creation 
                            of productive jobs, and international 
                            competitiveness of United States goods and 
                            services. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title II, 
                            Sec. 202(a)-(e)(1), (f), (g), July 12, 1974, 
                            88 Stat. 304, 305; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, 
                            Sec. 221, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1060; Pub. 
                            L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13112(a)(3), 
                            Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608; Pub. L. 
                            104-4, Title I, Sec. 102(1), Mar. 22, 1995, 
                            109 Stat. 60; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
                            Sec. 213, Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1745; 
                            Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10103, Aug. 5, 
                            1997, 111 Stat. 678.)

     399.38  Sec. 603. Public access to budget data.
            (a) Right to copy
                Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this 
            section, the Director shall make all information, data, 
            estimates, and statistics obtained under section 601(d) and 
            (e) of this title available for public copying during normal 
            business hours, subject to reasonable rules and regulations, 
            and shall to the extent practicable, at the request of any 
            person, furnish a copy of any such information, data, 
            estimates, or statistics upon payment by such person of the 
            cost of making and furnishing such copy.
            (b) Index
                The Director shall develop and maintain filing, coding, 
            and indexing systems that identify the information, data, 
            estimates, and statistics to which subsection (a) of this 
            section applies and shall make such systems available for 
            public use during normal business hours.
            (c) Exceptions
                Subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to 
            information, data, estimates, and statistics--
                            (1) which are specifically exempted from 
                        disclosure by law; or
                            (2) which the Director determines will 
                        disclose--

                                (A) matters necessary to be kept secret 
                            in the interests of national defense or the 
                            confidential conduct of the foreign 
                            relations of the United States;

                                (B) information relating to trade 
                            secrets or financial or commercial 
                            information pertaining specifically to a 
                            given person if the information has been 
                            obtained by the Government on a confidential 
                            basis, other than through an application by 
                            such person for a specific financial or 
                            other benefit, and is required to be kept 
                            secret in order to prevent undue injury to 
                            the competitive position of such person; or

                                (C) personnel or medical data or similar 
                            data the disclosure of which would 
                            constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of 
                            personal privacy;

            unless the portions containing such matters, information, or 
            data have been excised.

            (d) Information obtained for committees and members
                Subsection (a) of this section shall apply to any 
            information, data, estimates, and statistics obtained at the 
            request of any committee, joint committee, or Member unless 
            such committee, joint committee, or Member has instructed 
            the Director not to make such information, data, estimates, 
            or statistics available for public copying. (Pub. L. 93-344, 
            Title II, Sec. 203, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 305.)
                                   Effective Date
                Section effective on the day on which the first Director 
            of the Congressional Budget Office is appointed under 
            section 601(a) of this title, see section 905(b) of Pub. L. 
            93-344, set out as a note under section 621 of this title.
   399.38a  Sec. 604. Omitted.
                                    Codification
                Section, Pub. L. 94-440, Title V, Sec. 500, Oct. 1, 
            1976, 90 Stat. 1452, the Legislative Appropriation Act, 
            1977, which authorized the Congressional Budget Office to 
            contract without regard to section 5 of Title 41, Public 
            Contracts, applied to fiscal year 1977 and was not repeated 
            in subsequent appropriation acts.
   399.38b  Sec. 605. Sale or lease of property, supplies, or services.
                (a) Any sale or lease of property, supplies, or services 
            to the Congressional Budget Office shall be deemed to be a 
            sale or lease to the Congress subject to section 903 of the 
            Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1983 (2 U.S.C. 111b).
                (b) Subsection (a) shall apply with respect to fiscal 
            years beginning after September 30, 1996. (Pub. L. 104-197, 
            Title I, Sec. 104, Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2404.)
                                    Codification
                Section was enacted as part of the appropriation act 
            cited as the credit to this section, and not as part of 
            title II of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control 
            Act of 1974 which comprises this chapter.
   399.38c  Sec. 606. Disposition of surplus or obsolete personal 
                property.
                (a) The Director of the Congressional Budget Office 
            shall have the authority, within the limits of available 
            appropriations, to dispose of surplus or obsolete personal 
            property by inter-agency transfer, donation, or discarding.
                (b) Subsection (a) shall apply with respect to fiscal 
            years beginning after September 30, 1996. (Pub. L. 104-197, 
            Title I, Sec. 105, Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2404.)
                                    Codification
                Section was enacted as part of the appropriation act 
            cited as the credit to this section, and not as part of 
            title II of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control 
            Act of 1974 which comprises this chapter.
   399.38d  Sec. 607. Lump-sum payments to separated employees for 
                unused annual leave.
                (a) The Director of the Congressional Budget Office 
            shall have the authority to make lump-sum payments to 
            separated employees of the Congressional Budget Office for 
            unused annual leave.
                (b) Subsection (a) shall apply with respect to fiscal 
            years beginning after September 30, 1996. (Pub. L. 104-197, 
            Title I, Sec. 106, Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2404.)
                                    Codification
                Section was enacted as part of the appropriation act 
            cited as the credit to this section, and not as part of 
            Title II of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control 
            Act of 1974 which comprises this chapter.
            
              Chapter 17A.--CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET AND FISCAL OPERATIONS

   399.39-1  Sec. 621. Congressional declaration of purpose.
                The Congress declares that it is essential--
                            (1) to assure effective congressional 
                        control over the budgetary process;
                            (2) to provide for the congressional 
                        determination each year of the appropriate level 
                        of Federal revenues and expenditures;
                            (3) to provide a system of impoundment 
                        control;
                            (4) to establish national budget priorities; 
                        and
                            (5) to provide for the furnishing of 
                        information by the executive branch in a manner 
                        that will assist the Congress in discharging its 
                        duties. (Pub. L. 93-344, Sec. 2, July 12, 1974, 
                        88 Stat. 298.)
                                    Codification
                This section was formerly classified to section 1301 of 
            title 31 prior to the general revision and enactment of 
            title 31, Money and Finance by Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 1, Sept. 
            13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877.
   399.39-2  Sec. 622. Definitions.
                For purposes of this Act--
                (1) The terms ``budget outlays'' and ``outlays'' mean, 
            with respect to any fiscal year, expenditures and net 
            lending of funds under budget authority during such year.
                (2) Budget authority and new budget authority
                            (A) In general

                                The term ``budget authority'' means the 
                            authority provided by Federal law to incur 
                            financial obligations, as follows:

                                        (i) provisions of law that make 
                                    funds available for obligation and 
                                    expenditure (other than borrowing 
                                    authority), including the authority 
                                    to obligate and expend the proceeds 
                                    of offsetting receipts and 
                                    collections;

                                        (ii) borrowing authority, which 
                                    means authority granted to a Federal 
                                    entity to borrow and obligate and 
                                    expend the borrowed funds, including 
                                    through the issuance of promissory 
                                    notes or other monetary credits;

                                        (iii) contract authority, which 
                                    means the making of funds available 
                                    for obligation but not for 
                                    expenditure; and

                                        (iv) offsetting receipts and 
                                    collections as negative budget 
                                    authority, and the reduction thereof 
                                    as positive budget authority.

                            (B) Limitations on budget authority

                                With respect to the Federal Hospital 
                            Insurance Trust Fund, the Supplementary 
                            Medical Insurance Trust Fund, the 
                            Unemployment Trust Fund, and the railroad 
                            retirement account, any amount that is 
                            precluded from obligation in a fiscal year 
                            by a provision of law (such as a limitation 
                            or a benefit formula) shall not be budget 
                            authority in that year.

                            (C) New budget authority

                                The term ``new budget authority'' means, 
                            with respect to a fiscal year--

                                        (i) budget authority that first 
                                    becomes available for obligation in 
                                    that year, including budget 
                                    authority that becomes available in 
                                    that year's \1\ a result of a 
                                    reappropriation; or

                \1\ So in original. Probably should be ``as''.

                                        (ii) a change in any account in 
                                    the availability of unobligated 
                                    balances of budget authority carried 
                                    over from a prior year, resulting 
                                    from a provision of law first 
                                    effective in that year;

            and includes a change in the estimated level of new budget 
            authority provided in indefinite amounts by existing law.

                (3) The term ``tax expenditures'' means those revenue 
            losses attributable to provisions of the Federal tax laws 
            which allow a special exclusion, exemption, or deduction 
            from gross income or which provide a special credit, a 
            preferential rate of tax, or a deferral of tax liability; 
            and the term ``tax expenditures budget'' means an 
            enumeration of such tax expenditures.
                (4) The term ``concurrent resolution on the budget'' 
            means--
                            (A) a concurrent resolution setting forth 
                        the congressional budget for the United States 
                        Government for a fiscal year as provided in 
                        section 632 of this title; and
                            (B) any other concurrent resolution revising 
                        the congressional budget for the United States 
                        Government for a fiscal year as described in 
                        section 635 of this title.
                (5) The term ``appropriation Act'' means an Act referred 
            to in section 105 of title 1.
                (6) The term ``deficit'' means, with respect to a fiscal 
            year, the amount by which outlays exceeds receipts during 
            that year.
                (7) The term ``surplus'' means, with respect to a fiscal 
            year, the amount by which receipts exceeds outlays during 
            that year.
                (8) The term ``government-sponsored enterprise'' means a 
            corporate entity created by a law of the United States 
            that--
                            (A)(i) has a Federal charter authorized by 
                        law;
                            (ii) is privately owned, as evidenced by 
                        capital stock owned by private entities or 
                        individuals;
                            (iii) is under the direction of a board of 
                        directors, a majority of which is elected by 
                        private owners;
                            (iv) is a financial institution with power 
                        to--

                                (I) make loans or loan guarantees for 
                            limited purposes such as to provide credit 
                            for specific borrowers or one sector; and

                                (II) raise funds by borrowing (which 
                            does not carry the full faith and credit of 
                            the Federal Government) or to guarantee the 
                            debt of others in unlimited amounts; and

                            (B)(i) does not exercise powers that are 
                        reserved to the Government as sovereign (such as 
                        the power to tax or to regulate interstate 
                        commerce);
                            (ii) does not have the power to commit the 
                        Government financially (but it may be a 
                        recipient of a loan guarantee commitment made by 
                        the Government); and
                            (iii) has employees whose salaries and 
                        expenses are paid by the enterprise and are not 
                        Federal employees subject to title 5 of the 
                        United States Code.
                (9) The term ``entitlement authority'' means--
                            (A) the authority to make payments 
                        (including loans and grants), the budget 
                        authority for which is not provided for in 
                        advance by appropriation Acts, to any person or 
                        government if, under the provisions of the law 
                        containing that authority, the United States is 
                        obligated to make such payments to persons or 
                        governments who meet the requirements 
                        established by that law; and
                            (B) the food stamp program.
                (10) The term ``credit authority'' means authority to 
            incur direct loan obligations or to incur primary loan 
            guarantee commitments. (Pub. L. 93-344, Sec. 3, July 12, 
            1974, 88 Stat. 299; Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, Title I, 
            Sec. 302(c), as added Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, Sec. 1, as 
            added Pub. L. 95-110, Sec. 1, Sept. 20, 1977, 91 Stat. 884; 
            Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. Sec. 201(a), 232(b), Dec. 12, 
            1985, 99 Stat. 1039, 1062; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 
            1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 100-119, Title I, Sec. 106(a), 
            Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 780; Pub. L. 100-203, Title VIII, 
            Sec. 8003(c), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330-282; Pub. L. 
            101-508, Title XIII, Sec. Sec. 13112(a)(2), 13201(b)(1), 
            13211(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-607, Sec. Sec. 1388-
            614, 1388-620; Pub. L. 102-486, Title IX, Sec. 902(a)(8), 
            Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, 
            Sec. 10101, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 678.)
   399.39-3  Sec. 623. Continuing study of additional budget reform 
                proposals.
                (a) The Committees on the Budget of the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate shall study on a continuing 
            basis proposals designed to improve and facilitate methods 
            of congressional budgetmaking. The proposals to be studied 
            shall include, but are not limited to, proposals for--
                            (1) improving the information base required 
                        for determining the effectiveness of new 
                        programs by such means as pilot testing survey 
                        research, and other experimental and analytical 
                        techniques;
                            (2) improving analytical and systematic 
                        evaluation of the effectiveness of existing 
                        programs;
                            (3) establishing maximum and minimum time 
                        limitations for program authorization; and
                            (4) developing techniques of human resource 
                        accounting and other means of providing 
                        noneconomic as well as economic evaluation 
                        measures.
                (b) The Committee on the Budget of each House shall, 
            from time to time, report to its House the results of the 
            study carried on by it under subsection (a) of this section, 
            together with its recommendations.
                (c) Nothing in this section shall preclude studies to 
            improve the budgetary process by any other committee of the 
            House of Representatives or the Senate or any joint 
            committee of the Congress. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title VII, 
            Sec. 703, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 326.)
            
                     Subchapter I.--Congressional Budget Process

   399.39-4  Sec. 631. Timetable.
                The timetable with respect to the congressional budget 
            process for any fiscal year is as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            On or before:        Action to be completed:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      First Monday in February  President submits his
                                                 budget.
                      February 15.............  Congressional Budget
                                                 Office submits report
                                                 to Budget Committees.
                      Not later than 6 weeks    Committees submit views
                       after President submits   and estimates to Budget
                       Budget.                   Committees.
                      April 1.................  Senate Budget Committee
                                                 reports concurrent
                                                 resolution on the
                                                 budget.
                      April 15................  Congress completes
                                                 action on concurrent
                                                 resolution on the
                                                 budget.
                      May 15..................  Annual appropriation
                                                 bills may be considered
                                                 in the House.
                      June 10.................  House Appropriations
                                                 Committee reports last
                                                 annual appropriation
                                                 bill.
                      June 15.................  Congress completes
                                                 action on
                                                 reconciliation
                                                 legislation.
                      June 30.................  House completes action
                                                 on annual appropriation
                                                 bills.
                      October 1...............  Fiscal year begins.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

            (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 300, July 12, 1974, 88 
            Stat. 306; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 
            1985, 99 Stat. 1040; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            13112(a)(4), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608; Pub. L. 105-
            33, Title X, Sec. 10104(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 679.)

   399.39-5  Sec. 632. Annual adoption of concurrent resolution on the 
                budget.
            (a) Content of concurrent resolution on the budget
                On or before April 15 of each year, the Congress shall 
            complete action on a concurrent resolution on the budget for 
            the fiscal year beginning on October 1 of such year. The 
            concurrent resolution shall set forth appropriate levels for 
            the fiscal year beginning on October 1 of such year and for 
            at least each of the 4 ensuing fiscal years for the 
            following--
                            (1) totals of new budget authority and 
                        outlays;
                            (2) total Federal revenues and the amount, 
                        if any, by which the aggregate level of Federal 
                        revenues should be increased or decreased by 
                        bills and resolutions to be reported by the 
                        appropriate committees;
                            (3) the surplus or deficit in the budget;
                            (4) new budget authority and outlays for 
                        each major functional category, based on 
                        allocations of the total levels set forth 
                        pursuant to paragraph (1);
                            (5) the public debt;
                            (6) For \1\ purposes of Senate enforcement 
                        under this subchapter, outlays of the old-age, 
                        survivors, and disability insurance program 
                        established under title II of the Social 
                        Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] for the 
                        fiscal year of the resolution and for each of 
                        the 4 succeeding fiscal years; and
                \1\ So in original. Probably should be ``for''.
                            (7) For \1\ purposes of Senate enforcement 
                        under this subchapter, revenues of the old-age, 
                        survivors, and disability insurance program 
                        established under title II of the Social 
                        Security Act (and the related provisions of 
                        title 26) for the fiscal year of the resolution 
                        and for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years.
                \1\ So in original. Probably should be ``for''.

            The concurrent resolution shall not include the outlays and 
            revenue totals of the old age, survivors, and disability 
            insurance program established under title II of the Social 
            Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] or the related 
            provisions of title 26 in the surplus or deficit totals 
            required by this subsection or in any other surplus or 
            deficit totals required by this subchapter.

            (b) Additional matters in concurrent resolution
                The concurrent resolution on the budget may--
                            (1) set forth, if required by subsection (f) 
                        of this section, the calendar year in which, in 
                        the opinion of the Congress, the goals for 
                        reducing unemployment set forth in section 4(b) 
                        of the Employment Act of 1946 [15 U.S.C. 
                        1022a(b)] should be achieved;
                            (2) include reconciliation directives 
                        described in section 641 of this title;
                            (3) require a procedure under which all or 
                        certain bills or resolutions providing new 
                        budget authority or new entitlement authority 
                        for such fiscal year shall not be enrolled until 
                        the Congress has completed action on any 
                        reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolution 
                        or both required by such concurrent resolution 
                        to be reported in accordance with section 641(b) 
                        of this title;
                            (4) set forth such other matters, and 
                        require such other procedures, relating to the 
                        budget, as may be appropriate to carry out the 
                        purposes of this Act;
                            (5) include a heading entitled ``Debt 
                        Increase as Measure of Deficit'' in which the 
                        concurrent resolution shall set forth the 
                        amounts by which the debt subject to limit (in 
                        section 3101 of title 31) has increased or would 
                        increase in each of the relevant fiscal years;
                            (6) include a heading entitled ``Display of 
                        Federal Retirement Trust Fund Balances'' in 
                        which the concurrent resolution shall set forth 
                        the balances of the Federal retirement trust 
                        funds.
                            (7) set forth procedures in the Senate 
                        whereby committee allocations, aggregates, and 
                        other levels can be revised for legislation if 
                        that legislation would not increase the deficit, 
                        or would not increase the deficit when taken 
                        with other legislation enacted after the 
                        adoption of the resolution, for the first fiscal 
                        year or the total period of fiscal years covered 
                        by the resolution;
                            (8) set forth procedures to effectuate pay-
                        as-you-go in the House of Representatives; and
                            (9) set forth direct loan obligation and 
                        primary loan guarantee commitment levels.
            (c) Consideration of procedures or matters which have effect 
                of changing any rule of House
                If the Committee on the Budget of the House of 
            Representatives reports any concurrent resolution on the 
            budget which includes any procedure or matter which has the 
            effect of changing any rule of the House of Representatives, 
            such concurrent resolution shall then be referred to the 
            Committee on Rules with instructions to report it within 
            five calendar days (not counting any day on which the House 
            is not in session). The Committee on Rules shall have 
            jurisdiction to report any concurrent resolution referred to 
            it under this paragraph with an amendment or amendments 
            changing or striking out any such procedure or matter.
            (d) Views and estimates of other committees
                Within 6 weeks after the President submits a budget 
            under section 1105(a) of title 31, or at such time as may be 
            requested by the Committee on the Budget, each committee of 
            the House of Representatives having legislative jurisdiction 
            shall submit to the Committee on the Budget of the House and 
            each committee of the Senate having legislative jurisdiction 
            shall submit to the Committee on the Budget of the Senate 
            its views and estimates (as determined by the committee 
            making such submission) with respect to all matters set 
            forth in subsections (a) and (b) of this section which 
            relate to matters within the jurisdiction or functions of 
            such committee. The Joint Economic Committee shall submit to 
            the Committees on the Budget of both Houses its 
            recommendations as to the fiscal policy appropriate to the 
            goals of the Employment Act of 1946 [15 U.S.C. 1021 et 
            seq.]. Any other committee of the House of Representatives 
            or the Senate may submit to the Committee on the Budget of 
            its House, and any joint committee of the Congress may 
            submit to the Committees on the Budget of both Houses, its 
            views and estimates with respect to all matters set forth in 
            subsections (a) and (b) of this section which relate to 
            matters within its jurisdiction or functions. Any Committee 
            of the House of Representatives or the Senate that 
            anticipates that the committee will consider any proposed 
            legislation establishing, amending, or reauthorizing any 
            Federal program likely to have a significant budgetary 
            impact on any State, local, or tribal government, or likely 
            to have a significant financial impact on the private 
            sector, including any legislative proposal submitted by the 
            executive branch likely to have such a budgetary or 
            financial impact, shall include its views and estimates on 
            that proposal to the Committee on the Budget of the 
            applicable House.
            (e) Hearings and report
                (1) In general
                            In developing the concurrent resolution on 
                        the budget referred to in subsection (a) of this 
                        section for each fiscal year, the Committee on 
                        the Budget of each House shall hold hearings and 
                        shall receive testimony from Members of Congress 
                        and such appropriate representatives of Federal 
                        departments and agencies, the general public, 
                        and national organizations as the committee 
                        deems desirable. Each of the recommendations as 
                        to short-term and medium-term goals set forth in 
                        the report submitted by the members of the Joint 
                        Economic Committee under subsection (d) of this 
                        section may be considered by the Committee on 
                        the Budget of each House as part of its 
                        consideration of such concurrent resolution, and 
                        its report may reflect its views thereon, 
                        including its views on how the estimates of 
                        revenues and levels of budget authority and 
                        outlays set forth in such concurrent resolution 
                        are designed to achieve any goals it is 
                        recommending.
                (2) Required contents of report
                The report accompanying the resolution shall include--
                            (A) a comparison of the levels of total new 
                        budget authority, total outlays, total revenues, 
                        and the surplus or deficit for each fiscal year 
                        set forth in the resolution with those requested 
                        in the budget submitted by the President;
                            (B) with respect to each major functional 
                        category, an estimate of total new budget 
                        authority and total outlays, with the estimates 
                        divided between discretionary and mandatory 
                        amounts;
                            (C) the economic assumptions that underlie 
                        each of the matters set forth in the resolution 
                        and any alternative economic assumptions and 
                        objectives the committee considered;
                            (D) information, data, and comparisons 
                        indicating the manner in which, and the basis on 
                        which, the committee determined each of the 
                        matters set forth in the resolution;
                            (E) the estimated levels of tax expenditures 
                        (the tax expenditures budget) by major items and 
                        functional categories for the President's budget 
                        and in the resolution; and
                            (F) allocations described in section 633(a) 
                        of this title.
                (3) Additional contents of report
                The report accompanying the resolution may include--
                            (A) a statement of any significant changes 
                        in the proposed levels of Federal assistance to 
                        State and local governments;
                            (B) an allocation of the level of Federal 
                        revenues recommended in the resolution among the 
                        major sources of such revenues;
                            (C) information, data, and comparisons on 
                        the share of total Federal budget outlays and of 
                        gross domestic product devoted to investment in 
                        the budget submitted by the President and in the 
                        resolution;
                            (D) the assumed levels of budget authority 
                        and outlays for public buildings, with a 
                        division between amounts for construction and 
                        repair and for rental payments; and
                            (E) other matters, relating to the budget 
                        and to fiscal policy, that the committee deems 
                        appropriate.
            (f) Achievement of goals for reducing unemployment
                (1) If, pursuant to section 4(c) of the Employment Act 
            of 1946 [15 U.S.C. 1022a(c)], the President recommends in 
            the Economic Report that the goals for reducing unemployment 
            set forth in section 4(b) of such Act [15 U.S.C. 1022a(b)] 
            be achieved in a year after the close of the five-year 
            period prescribed by such subsection, the concurrent 
            resolution on the budget for the fiscal year beginning after 
            the date on which such Economic Report is received by the 
            Congress may set forth the year in which, in the opinion of 
            the Congress, such goals can be achieved.
                (2) After the Congress has expressed its opinion 
            pursuant to paragraph (1) as to the year in which the goals 
            for reducing unemployment set forth in section 4(b) of the 
            Employment Act of 1946 [15 U.S.C. 1022a(b)] can be achieved, 
            if, pursuant to section 4(e) of such Act [15 U.S.C. 
            1022a(e)], the President recommends in the Economic Report 
            that such goals be achieved in a year which is different 
            from the year in which the Congress has expressed its 
            opinion that such goals should be achieved, either in its 
            action pursuant to paragraph (1) or in its most recent 
            action pursuant to this paragraph, the concurrent resolution 
            on the budget for the fiscal year beginning after the date 
            on which such Economic Report is received by the Congress 
            may set forth the year in which, in the opinion of the 
            Congress, such goals can be achieved.
                (3) It shall be in order to amend the provision of such 
            resolution setting forth such year only if the amendment 
            thereto also proposes to alter the estimates, amounts, and 
            levels (as described in subsection (a) of this section) set 
            forth in such resolution in germane fashion in order to be 
            consistent with the economic goals (as described in sections 
            3(a)(2) and 4(b) of the Employment Act of 1946 [15 U.S.C. 
            1022(a)(2), 1022a(b)]) which such amendment proposes can be 
            achieved by the year specified in such amendment.
            (g) Economic assumptions
                (1) It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider 
            any concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal year, 
            or any amendment thereto, or any conference report thereon, 
            that sets forth amounts and levels that are determined on 
            the basis of more than one set of economic and technical 
            assumptions.
                (2) The joint explanatory statement accompanying a 
            conference report on a concurrent resolution on the budget 
            shall set forth the common economic assumptions upon which 
            such joint statement and conference report are based, or 
            upon which any amendment contained in the joint explanatory 
            statement to be proposed by the conferees in the case of 
            technical disagreement, is based.
                (3) Subject to periodic reestimation based on changed 
            economic conditions or technical estimates, determinations 
            under titles III and IV of the Congressional Budget Act of 
            1974 shall be based upon such common economic and technical 
            assumptions.
            (h) Budget Committee's consultation with committees
                The Committee on the Budget of the House of 
            Representatives shall consult with the committees of its 
            House having legislative jurisdiction during the 
            preparation, consideration, and enforcement of the 
            concurrent resolution on the budget with respect to all 
            matters which relate to the jurisdiction or functions of 
            such committees.
            (i) Social security point of order
                It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider any 
            concurrent resolution on the budget (or amendment, motion, 
            or conference report on the resolution) that would decrease 
            the excess of social security revenues over social security 
            outlays in any of the fiscal years covered by the concurrent 
            resolution. No change in chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue 
            Code of 1986 shall be treated as affecting the amount of 
            social security revenues unless such provision changes the 
            income tax treatment of social security benefits. (Pub. L. 
            93-344, Title III, Sec. 301, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 306; 
            Pub. L. 95-523, Title III, Sec. Sec. 303(a), 304, Oct. 27, 
            1978, 92 Stat. 1905, 1906; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, 
            Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1040; Pub. L. 100-119, 
            Title I, Sec. 106(d), Title II, Sec. 208(a), Sept. 29, 1987, 
            101 Stat. 781, 786; Pub. L. 100-418, Title V, Sec. 5302, 
            Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1462; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13112(a)(5), 13203, 13204, 13301(b), 13303(a), (b), 
            Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608, 1388-615, 1388-616, 1388-
            623, 1388-625; Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, Sec. 102(2), Mar. 22, 
            1995, 109 Stat. 62; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10105(a)-
            (f)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 679.)
   399.39-6  Sec. 633. Committee allocations.
            (a) Committee spending allocations
                (1) Allocation among committees
                            The joint explanatory statement accompanying 
                        a conference report on a concurrent resolution 
                        on the budget shall include an allocation, 
                        consistent with the resolution recommended in 
                        the conference report, of the levels for the 
                        first fiscal year of the resolution, for at 
                        least each of the ensuing 4 fiscal years, and a 
                        total for that period of fiscal years (except in 
                        the case of the Committee on Appropriations only 
                        for the fiscal year of that resolution) of--
                            (A) total new budget authority; and
                            (B) total outlays;

            among each committee of the House of Representatives or the 
            Senate that has jurisdiction over legislation providing or 
            creating such amounts.

                (2) No double counting
                            In the House of Representatives, any item 
                        allocated to one committee may not be allocated 
                        to another committee.
                (3) Further division of amounts
                            (A) In the Senate

                                In the Senate, the amount allocated to 
                            the Committee on Appropriations shall be 
                            further divided among the categories 
                            specified in section 250(c)(4) of the 
                            Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
                            Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 900(c)(4)] and 
                            shall not exceed the limits for each 
                            category set forth in section 251(c) of that 
                            Act [2 U.S.C. 901(c)].

                            (B) In the House

                                In the House of Representatives, the 
                            amounts allocated to each committee for each 
                            fiscal year, other than the Committee on 
                            Appropriations, shall be further divided 
                            between amounts provided or required by law 
                            on the date of filing of that conference 
                            report and amounts not so provided or 
                            required. The amounts allocated to the 
                            Committee on Appropriations shall be further 
                            divided--

                                (i) between discretionary and mandatory 
                            amounts or programs, as appropriate; and

                                (ii) consistent with the categories 
                            specified in section 250(c)(4) of the 
                            Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
                            Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 900(c)(4)].

                (4) Amounts not allocated
                            In the House of Representatives or the 
                        Senate, if a committee receives no allocation of 
                        new budget authority or outlays, that committee 
                        shall be deemed to have received an allocation 
                        equal to zero for new budget authority or 
                        outlays.
                (5) Adjusting allocation of discretionary spending in 
            the House of Representatives
                            (A) If a concurrent resolution on the budget 
                        is not adopted by April 15, the chairman of the 
                        Committee on the Budget of the House of 
                        Representatives shall submit to the House, as 
                        soon as practicable, an allocation under 
                        paragraph (1) to the Committee on Appropriations 
                        consistent with the discretionary spending 
                        levels in the most recently agreed to concurrent 
                        resolution on the budget for the appropriate 
                        fiscal year covered by that resolution.
                            (B) As soon as practicable after an 
                        allocation under paragraph (1) is submitted 
                        under this section, the Committee on 
                        Appropriations shall make suballocations and 
                        report those suballocations to the House of 
                        Representatives.
            (b) Suballocations by Appropriations Committees
                As soon as practicable after a concurrent resolution on 
            the budget is agreed to, the Committee on Appropriations of 
            each House (after consulting with the Committee on 
            Appropriations of the other House) shall suballocate each 
            amount allocated to it for the budget year under subsection 
            (a) of this section among its subcommittees. Each Committee 
            on Appropriations shall promptly report to its House 
            suballocations made or revised under this subsection. The 
            Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives 
            shall further divide among its subcommittees the divisions 
            made under subsection (a)(3)(B) of this section and promptly 
            report those divisions to the House.
            (c) Point of order
                After the Committee on Appropriations has received an 
            allocation pursuant to subsection (a) of this section for a 
            fiscal year, it shall not be in order in the House of 
            Representatives or the Senate to consider any bill, joint 
            resolution, amendment, motion, or conference report within 
            the jurisdiction of that committee providing new budget 
            authority for that fiscal year, until that committee makes 
            the suballocations required by subsection (b) of this 
            section.
            (d) Subsequent concurrent resolutions
                In the case of a concurrent resolution on the budget 
            referred to in section 635 of this title, the allocations 
            under subsection (a) of this section and the subdivisions 
            under subsection (b) of this section shall be required only 
            to the extent necessary to take into account revisions made 
            in the most recently agreed to concurrent resolution on the 
            budget.
            (e) Alteration of allocations
                At any time after a committee reports the allocations 
            required to be made under subsection (b) of this section, 
            such committee may report to its House an alteration of such 
            allocations. Any alteration of such allocations must be 
            consistent with any actions already taken by its House on 
            legislation within the committee's jurisdiction.
            (f) Legislation subject to point of order
                (1) In the House of Representatives
                            After the Congress has completed action on a 
                        concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal 
                        year, it shall not be in order in the House of 
                        Representatives to consider any bill, joint 
                        resolution, or amendment providing new budget 
                        authority for any fiscal year, or any conference 
                        report on any such bill or joint resolution, 
                        if--

                                (A) the enactment of such bill or 
                            resolution as reported;

                                (B) the adoption and enactment of such 
                            amendment; or

                                (C) the enactment of such bill or 
                            resolution in the form recommended in such 
                            conference report,

            would cause the applicable allocation of new budget 
            authority made under subsection (a) or (b) of this section 
            for the first fiscal year or the total of fiscal years to be 
            exceeded.

                (2) In the Senate
                            After a concurrent resolution on the budget 
                        is agreed to, it shall not be in order in the 
                        Senate to consider any bill, joint resolution, 
                        amendment, motion, or conference report that 
                        would cause--

                                (A) in the case of any committee except 
                            the Committee on Appropriations, the 
                            applicable allocation of new budget 
                            authority or outlays under subsection (a) of 
                            this section for the first fiscal year or 
                            the total of fiscal years to be exceeded; or

                                (B) in the case of the Committee on 
                            Appropriations, the applicable suballocation 
                            of new budget authority or outlays under 
                            subsection (b) of this section to be 
                            exceeded.

            (g) Pay-as-you-go exception in the House
                (1) In general
                            (A) Subsection (f)(1) of this section and, 
                        after April 15, section 634(a) of this title 
                        shall not apply to any bill or joint resolution, 
                        as reported, amendment thereto, or conference 
                        report thereon if, for each fiscal year covered 
                        by the most recently agreed to concurrent 
                        resolution on the budget--

                                (i) the enactment of that bill or 
                            resolution as reported;

                                (ii) the adoption and enactment of that 
                            amendment; or

                                (iii) the enactment of that bill or 
                            resolution in the form recommended in that 
                            conference report,

            would not increase the deficit, and, if the sum of any 
            revenue increases provided in legislation already enacted 
            during the current session (when added to revenue increases, 
            if any, in excess of any outlay increase provided by the 
            legislation proposed for consideration) is at least as great 
            as the sum of the amount, if any, by which the aggregate 
            level of Federal revenues should be increased as set forth 
            in that concurrent resolution and the amount, if any, by 
            which revenues are to be increased pursuant to pay-as-you-go 
            procedures under section 632(b)(8) of this title, if 
            included in that concurrent resolution.

                            (B) Section 642(a) of this title, as that 
                        section applies to revenues, shall not apply to 
                        any bill, joint resolution, amendment thereto, 
                        or conference report thereon if, for each fiscal 
                        year covered by the most recently agreed to 
                        concurrent resolution on the budget--

                                (i) the enactment of that bill or 
                            resolution as reported;

                                (ii) the adoption and enactment of that 
                            amendment; or

                                (iii) the enactment of that bill or 
                            resolution in the form recommended in that 
                            conference report,

            would not increase the deficit, and, if the sum of any 
            outlay reductions provided in legislation already enacted 
            during the current session (when added to outlay reductions, 
            if any, in excess of any revenue reduction provided by the 
            legislation proposed for consideration) is at least as great 
            as the sum of the amount, if any, by which the aggregate 
            level of Federal outlays should be reduced as required by 
            that concurrent resolution and the amount, if any, by which 
            outlays are to be reduced pursuant to pay-as-you-go 
            procedures under section 632(b)(8) of this title, if 
            included in that concurrent resolution.

                (2) Revised allocations
                            (A) As soon as practicable after Congress 
                        agrees to a bill or joint resolution that would 
                        have been subject to a point of order under 
                        subsection (f)(1) of this section but for the 
                        exception provided in paragraph (1)(A) or would 
                        have been subject to a point of order under 
                        section 642(a) of this title but for the 
                        exception provided in paragraph (1)(B), the 
                        chairman of the committee on the Budget of the 
                        House of Representatives shall file with the 
                        House appropriately revised allocations under 
                        section 633(a) of this title and revised 
                        functional levels and budget aggregates to 
                        reflect that bill.
                            (B) Such revised allocations, functional 
                        levels, and budget aggregates shall be 
                        considered for the purposes of this Act as 
                        allocations, functional levels, and budget 
                        aggregates contained in the most recently agreed 
                        to concurrent resolution on the budget. (Pub. L. 
                        93-344, Title III, Sec. 302, July 12, 1974, 88 
                        Stat. 308; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, 
                        Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1044; Pub. 
                        L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. Sec. 13112(a)(6), 
                        (7), 13201(b)(2), (3), 13207(a)(1)(A), (B), (2), 
                        13303(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608, 
                        1388-614, 1388-617, 1388-618, 1388-625; Pub. L. 
                        105-33, Title X, Sec. 10106, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 
                        Stat. 680.)
   399.39-7  Sec. 634. Concurrent resolution on the budget must be 
                adopted before budget-related legislation is considered.
            (a) In general
                Until the concurrent resolution on the budget for a 
            fiscal year has been agreed to, it shall not be in order in 
            the House of Representatives, with respect to the first 
            fiscal year covered by that resolution, or the Senate, with 
            respect to any fiscal year covered by that resolution, to 
            consider any bill or joint resolution, amendment or motion 
            thereto, or conference report thereon that--
                            (1) first provides new budget authority for 
                        that fiscal year;
                            (2) first provides an increase or decrease 
                        in revenues during that fiscal year;
                            (3) provides an increase or decrease in the 
                        public debt limit to become effective during 
                        that fiscal year;
                            (4) in the Senate only, first provides new 
                        entitlement authority for that fiscal year; or
                            (5) in the Senate only, first provides for 
                        an increase or decrease in outlays for that 
                        fiscal year.
            (b) Exceptions in the House
                In the House of Representatives, subsection (a) of this 
            section does not apply--
                            (1)(A) to any bill or joint resolution, as 
                        reported, providing advance discretionary new 
                        budget authority that first becomes available 
                        for the first or second fiscal year after the 
                        budget year; or
                            (B) to any bill or joint resolution, as 
                        reported, first increasing or decreasing 
                        revenues in a fiscal year following the fiscal 
                        year to which the concurrent resolution applies;
                            (2) after May 15, to any general 
                        appropriation bill or amendment thereto; or
                            (3) to any bill or joint resolution unless 
                        it is reported by a committee.
            (c) Application to appropriation measures in the Senate
                (1) In general
                            Until the concurrent resolution on the 
                        budget for a fiscal year has been agreed to and 
                        an allocation has been made to the Committee on 
                        Appropriations of the Senate under section 
                        633(a) of this title for that year, it shall not 
                        be in order in the Senate to consider any 
                        appropriation bill or joint resolution, 
                        amendment or motion thereto, or conference 
                        report thereon for that year or any subsequent 
                        year.
                (2) Exception
                            Paragraph (1) does not apply to 
                        appropriations legislation making advance 
                        appropriations for the first or second fiscal 
                        year after the year the allocation referred to 
                        in that paragraph is made. (Pub. L. 93-344, 
                        Title III, Sec. 303, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 
                        309; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 
                        12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1046; Pub. L. 101-508, Title 
                        XIII, Sec. Sec. 13205, 13207(a)(1)(C), Nov. 5, 
                        1990, 104 Stat. 1388-616, 1388-617; Pub. L. 105-
                        33, Title X, Sec. 10107(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 
                        Stat. 683.)
   399.39-8  Sec. 635. Permissible revisions of concurrent resolutions on 
                the budget.
                At any time after the concurrent resolution on the 
            budget for a fiscal year has been agreed to pursuant to 
            section 632 of this title, and before the end of such fiscal 
            year, the two Houses may adopt a concurrent resolution on 
            the budget which revises or reaffirms the concurrent 
            resolution on the budget for such fiscal year most recently 
            agreed to. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 304, July 12, 
            1974, 88 Stat. 310; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b), 
            Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1047; Pub. L. 100-119, Title II, 
            Sec. 208(b), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 786; Pub. L. 101-508, 
            Title XIII, Sec. 13112(a)(8), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-
            608; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10108, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 
            Stat. 684.)
   399.39-9  Sec. 636. Provisions relating to consideration of concurrent 
                resolutions on the budget.
            (a) Procedure in House after report of Committee; debate
                (1) When a concurrent resolution on the budget has been 
            reported by the Committee on the Budget of the House of 
            Representatives and has been referred to the appropriate 
            calendar of the House, it shall be in order on any day 
            thereafter, subject to clause 2(l)(6) of rule XI of the 
            Rules of the House of Representatives, to move to proceed to 
            the consideration of the concurrent resolution. The motion 
            is highly privileged and is not debatable. An amendment to 
            the motion is not in order and it is not in order to move to 
            reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or 
            disagreed to.
                (2) General debate on any concurrent resolution on the 
            budget in the House of Representatives shall be limited to 
            not more than 10 hours, which shall be divided equally 
            between the majority and minority parties, plus such 
            additional hours of debate as are consumed pursuant to 
            paragraph (3). A motion further to limit debate is not 
            debatable. A motion to recommit the concurrent resolution is 
            not in order, and it is not in order to move to reconsider 
            the vote by which the concurrent resolution is agreed to or 
            disagreed to.
                (3) Following the presentation of opening statements on 
            the concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal year by 
            the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on 
            the Budget of the House, there shall be a period of up to 
            four hours for debate on economic goals and policies.
                (4) Only if a concurrent resolution on the budget 
            reported by the Committee on the Budget of the House sets 
            forth the economic goals (as described in sections 
            1022(a)(2) and 1022a(b) of title 15) which the estimates, 
            amounts, and levels (as described in section 632(a) of this 
            title) set forth in such resolution are designed to achieve, 
            shall it be in order to offer to such resolution an 
            amendment relating to such goals, and such amendment shall 
            be in order only if it also proposes to alter such 
            estimates, amounts, and levels in germane fashion in order 
            to be consistent with the goals proposed in such amendment.
                (5) Consideration of any concurrent resolution on the 
            budget by the House of Representatives shall be in the 
            Committee of the Whole, and the resolution shall be 
            considered for amendment under the five-minute rule in 
            accordance with the applicable provisions of rule XXIII \1\ 
            of the Rules of the House of Representatives. After the 
            Committee rises and reports the resolution back to the 
            House, the previous question shall be considered as ordered 
            on the resolution and any amendments thereto to final 
            passage without intervening motion; except that it shall be 
            in order at any time prior to final passage (notwithstanding 
            any other rule or provision of law) to adopt an amendment 
            (or a series of amendments) changing any figure or figures 
            in the resolution as so reported to the extent necessary to 
            achieve mathematical consistency.
                \1\ Recodified at the beginning of the 106th Congress as 
                rule XVIII.
                (6) Debate in the House of Representatives on the 
            conference report on any concurrent resolution on the budget 
            shall be limited to not more than 5 hours, which shall be 
            divided equally between the majority and minority parties. A 
            motion further to limit debate is not debatable. A motion to 
            recommit the conference report is not in order, and it is 
            not in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the 
            conference report is agreed to or disagreed to.
                (7) Appeals from decisions of the Chair relating to the 
            application of the Rules of the House of Representatives to 
            the procedure relating to any concurrent resolution on the 
            budget shall be decided without debate.
            (b) Procedure in Senate after report of Committee; debate; 
                amendments
                (1) Debate in the Senate on any concurrent resolution on 
            the budget, and all amendments thereto and debatable motions 
            and appeals in connection therewith, shall be limited to not 
            more than 50 hours, except that with respect to any 
            concurrent resolution referred to in section 635(a) of this 
            title all such debate shall be limited to not more than 15 
            hours. The time shall be equally divided between, and 
            controlled by, the majority leader and the minority leader 
            or their designees.
                (2) Debate in the Senate on any amendment to a 
            concurrent resolution on the budget shall be limited to 2 
            hours, to be equally divided between, and controlled by, the 
            mover and the manager of the concurrent resolution, and 
            debate on any amendment to an amendment, debatable motion, 
            or appeal shall be limited to 1 hour, to be equally divided 
            between, and controlled by, the mover and the manager of the 
            concurrent resolution, except that in the event the manager 
            of the concurrent resolution is in favor of any such 
            amendment, motion, or appeal, the time in opposition thereto 
            shall be controlled by the minority leader or his designee. 
            No amendment that is not germane to the provisions of such 
            concurrent resolution shall be received. Such leaders, or 
            either of them, may, from the time under their control on 
            the passage of the concurrent resolution, allot additional 
            time to any Senator during the consideration of any 
            amendment, debatable motion, or appeal.
                (3) Following the presentation of opening statements on 
            the concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal year by 
            the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on 
            the Budget of the Senate, there shall be a period of up to 
            four hours for debate on economic goals and policies.
                (4) Subject to the other limitations of this Act, only 
            if a concurrent resolution on the budget reported by the 
            Committee on the Budget of the Senate sets forth the 
            economic goals (as described in sections 1022(a)(2) and 
            1022a(b) of title 15) which the estimates, amounts, and 
            levels (as described in section 632(a) of this title) set 
            forth in such resolution are designed to achieve, shall it 
            be in order to offer to such resolution an amendment 
            relating to such goals, and such amendment shall be in order 
            only if it also proposes to alter such estimates, amounts, 
            and levels in germane fashion in order to be consistent with 
            the goals proposed in such amendment.
                (5) A motion to further limit debate is not debatable. A 
            motion to recommit (except a motion to recommit with 
            instructions to report back within a specified number of 
            days, not to exceed 3, not counting any day on which the 
            Senate is not in session) is not in order. Debate on any 
            such motion to recommit shall be limited to 1 hour, to be 
            equally divided between, and controlled by, the mover and 
            the manager of the concurrent resolution.
                (6) Notwithstanding any other rule, an amendment or 
            series of amendments to a concurrent resolution on the 
            budget proposed in the Senate shall always be in order if 
            such amendment or series of amendments proposes to change 
            any figure or figures then contained in such concurrent 
            resolution so as to make such concurrent resolution 
            mathematically consistent or so as to maintain such 
            consistency.
            (c) Action on conference reports in Senate
                (1) A motion to proceed to the consideration of the 
            conference report on any concurrent resolution on the budget 
            (or a reconciliation bill or resolution) may be made even 
            though a previous motion to the same effect has been 
            disagreed to.
                (2) During the consideration in the Senate of the 
            conference report (or a message between Houses) on any 
            concurrent resolution on the budget, and all amendments in 
            disagreement, and all amendments thereto, and debatable 
            motions and appeals in connection therewith, debate shall be 
            limited to 10 hours, to be equally divided between, and 
            controlled by, the majority leader and minority leader or 
            their designees. Debate on any debatable motion or appeal 
            related to the conference report (or a message between 
            Houses) shall be limited to 1 hour, to be equally divided 
            between, and controlled by, the mover and the manager of the 
            conference report.
                (3) Should the conference report be defeated, debate on 
            any request for a new conference and the appointment of 
            conferees shall be limited to 1 hour, to be equally divided 
            between, and controlled by, the manager of the conference 
            report and the minority leader or his designee, and should 
            any motion be made to instruct the conferees before the 
            conferees are named, debate on such motion shall be limited 
            to one-half hour, to be equally divided between, and 
            controlled by, the mover and the manager of the conference 
            report. Debate on any amendment to any such instructions 
            shall be limited to 20 minutes, to be equally divided 
            between and controlled by the mover and the manager of the 
            conference report. In all cases when the manager of the 
            conference report is in favor of any motion, appeal, or 
            amendment, the time in opposition shall be under the control 
            of the minority leader or his designee.
                (4) In any case in which there are amendments in 
            disagreement, time on each amendment shall be limited to 30 
            minutes, to be equally divided between, and controlled by, 
            the manager of the conference report and the minority leader 
            or his designee. No amendment that is not germane to the 
            provisions of such amendments shall be received.
            (d) Concurrent resolution must be consistent in Senate
                It shall not be in order in the Senate to vote on the 
            question of agreeing to--
                            (1) a concurrent resolution on the budget 
                        unless the figures then contained in such 
                        resolution are mathematically consistent; or
                            (2) a conference report on a concurrent 
                        resolution on the budget unless the figures 
                        contained in such resolution, as recommended in 
                        such conference report, are mathematically 
                        consistent. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, 
                        Sec. 305, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 310; Pub. L. 
                        95-523, Title III, Sec. 303(b), (c), Oct. 27, 
                        1978, 92 Stat. 1905, 1906; Pub. L. 99-177, Title 
                        II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1047; 
                        Pub. L. 100-119, Title II, Sec. 209, Sept. 29, 
                        1987, 101 Stat. 787; Pub. L. 100-203 Title VIII, 
                        Sec. 8003(d), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330-282; 
                        Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13209, 
                        13210(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-619, 
                        1388-620; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, 
                        Sec. 10109(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 684.)
  399.39-10  Sec. 637. Legislation dealing with Congressional budget must 
                be handled by Budget Committees
                No bill, resolution, amendment, motion, or conference 
            report, dealing with any matter which is within the 
            jurisdiction of the committee on the Budget of either House 
            shall be considered in that House unless it is a bill or 
            resolution which has been reported by the Committee on the 
            Budget of that House (or from the consideration of which 
            such committee has been discharged) or unless it is an 
            amendment to such a bill or resolution. (Pub. L. 93-344, 
            Title III, Sec. 306, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 313; Pub. L. 
            99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1050; 
            Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13207(a)(1)(D), Nov. 5, 
            1990, 104 Stat. 1388-617.)
  399.39-11  Sec. 638. House committee action on all appropriation bills 
                to be completed by June 10.
                On or before June 10 of each year, the Committee on 
            Appropriations of the House of Representatives shall report 
            annual appropriation bills providing new budget authority 
            under the jurisdiction of all of its subcommittees for the 
            fiscal year which begins on October 1 of that year. (Pub. L. 
            93-344, Title III, Sec. 307, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 313; 
            Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 
            Stat. 1051.)
  399.39-12  Sec. 639. Reports, summaries, and projections of 
                Congressional budget actions.
            (a) Reports on legislation providing new budget authority or 
                providing increase or decrease in revenues or tax 
                expenditures
                (1) Whenever a committee of either House reports to its 
            House a bill or joint resolution, or committee amendment 
            thereto, providing new budget authority (other than 
            continuing appropriations) or providing an increase or 
            decrease in revenues or tax expenditures for a fiscal year 
            (or fiscal years), the report accompanying that bill or 
            joint resolution shall contain a statement, or the committee 
            shall make available such a statement in the case of an 
            approved committee amendment which is not reported to its 
            House, prepared after consultation with the Director of the 
            Congressional Budget Office--
                            (A) comparing the levels in such measure to 
                        the appropriate allocations in the reports 
                        submitted under section 633(b) of this title for 
                        the most recently agreed to concurrent 
                        resolution on the budget for such fiscal year 
                        (or fiscal years);
                            (B) containing a projection by the 
                        Congressional Budget Office of how such measure 
                        will affect the levels of such budget authority, 
                        budget outlays, revenues, or tax expenditures 
                        under existing law for such fiscal year (or 
                        fiscal years) and each of the four ensuing 
                        fiscal years, if timely submitted before such 
                        report is filed; and
                            (C) containing an estimate by the 
                        Congressional Budget Office of the level of new 
                        budget authority for assistance to State and 
                        local governments provided by such measure, if 
                        timely submitted before such report is filed.
                (2) Whenever a conference report is filed in either 
            House and such conference report or any amendment reported 
            in disagreement or any amendment contained in the joint 
            statement of managers to be proposed by the conferees in the 
            case of technical disagreement on such bill or joint 
            resolution provides new budget authority (other than 
            continuing appropriations) or provides an increase or 
            decrease in revenues for a fiscal year (or fiscal years), 
            the statement of managers accompanying such conference 
            report shall contain the information described in paragraph 
            (1), if available on a timely basis. If such information is 
            not available when the conference report is filed, the 
            committee shall make such information available to Members 
            as soon as practicable prior to the consideration of such 
            conference report.
            (b) Up-to-date tabulations of Congressional budget action
                (1) The Director of the Congressional Budget Office 
            shall issue to the committees of the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate reports on at least a monthly 
            basis detailing and tabulating the progress of congressional 
            action on bills and joint resolutions providing new budget 
            authority or providing an increase or decrease in revenues 
            or tax expenditures for each fiscal year covered by a 
            concurrent resolution on the budget. Such reports shall 
            include but are not limited to an up-to-date tabulation 
            comparing the appropriate aggregate and functional levels 
            (including outlays) included in the most recently adopted 
            concurrent resolution on the budget with the levels provided 
            in bills and joint resolutions reported by committees or 
            adopted by either House or by the Congress, and with the 
            levels provided by law for the fiscal year preceding the 
            first fiscal year covered by the appropriate concurrent 
            resolution.
                (2) The Committee on the Budget of each House shall make 
            available to Members of its House summary budget 
            scorekeeping reports. Such reports--
                            (A) shall be made available on at least a 
                        monthly basis, but in any case frequently enough 
                        to provide Members of each House an accurate 
                        representation of the current status of 
                        congressional consideration of the budget;
                            (B) shall include, but are not limited to, 
                        summaries of tabulations provided under 
                        subsection (b)(1) of this section; and
                            (C) shall be based on information provided 
                        under subsection (b)(1) of this section without 
                        substantive revision.

            The chairman of the Committee on the Budget of the House of 
            Representatives shall submit such reports to the Speaker.

            (c) Five-year projection of Congressional budget action
                As soon as practicable after the beginning of each 
            fiscal year, the Director of the Congressional Budget Office 
            shall issue a report projecting for the period of 5 fiscal 
            years beginning with such fiscal year--
                            (1) total new budget authority and total 
                        budget outlays for each fiscal year in such 
                        period;
                            (2) revenues to be received and the major 
                        sources thereof, and the surplus or deficit, if 
                        any, for each fiscal year in such period;
                            (3) tax expenditures for each fiscal year in 
                        such period; and
                            (4) entitlement authority for each fiscal 
                        year in such period. (Pub. L. 93-444, Title III, 
                        Sec. 308, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 31-313; Pub. 
                        L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 
                        99 Stat. 1051; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
                        Sec. 13206, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-617; 
                        Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10110, Aug. 5, 
                        1997, 111 Stat. 685.)
  399.39-13  Sec. 640. House approval of regular appropriation bills.
                It shall not be in order in the House of Representatives 
            to consider any resolution providing for an adjournment 
            period of more than three calendar days during the month of 
            July until the House of Representatives has approved annual 
            appropriation bills providing new budget authority under the 
            jurisdiction of all the subcommittees of the Committee on 
            Appropriations for the fiscal year beginning on October 1 of 
            such year. For purposes of this section, the chairman of the 
            Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives 
            shall periodically advise the Speaker as to changes in 
            jurisdiction among its various subcommittees. (Pub. L. 93-
            344, Title III, Sec. 309, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 314; Pub. 
            L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 
            1052.)
  399.39-14  Sec. 641. Reconciliation.
            (a) Inclusion of reconciliation directives in concurrent 
                resolutions on the budget.
                A concurrent resolution on the budget for any fiscal 
            year, to the extent necessary to effectuate the provisions 
            and requirements of such resolution, shall--
                            (1) specify the total amount by which--

                                (A) new budget authority for such fiscal 
                            year;

                                (B) budget authority initially provided 
                            for prior fiscal years;

                                (C) new entitlement authority which is 
                            to become effective during such fiscal year; 
                            and--

                                (D) credit authority for such fiscal 
                            year, contained in laws, bills, and 
                            resolutions within the jurisdiction of a 
                            committee, is to be changed and direct that 
                            committee to determine and recommend changes 
                            to accomplish a change of such total amount;

                            (2) specify the total amount by which 
                        revenues are to be changed and direct that the 
                        committees having jurisdiction to determine and 
                        recommend changes in the revenue laws, bills, 
                        and resolutions to accomplish a change of such 
                        total amount;
                            (3) specify the amounts by which the 
                        statutory limit on the public debt is to be 
                        changed and direct the committee having 
                        jurisdiction to recommend such change; or
                            (4) specify and direct any combination of 
                        the matters described in paragraphs (1), (2), 
                        and (3) (including a direction to achieve 
                        deficit reduction).
            (b) Legislative procedure
                If a concurrent resolution containing directives to one 
            or more committees to determine and recommend changes in 
            laws, bills, or resolutions is agreed to in accordance with 
            subsection (a) of this section, and--
                            (1) only one committee of the House or the 
                        Senate is directed to determine and recommend 
                        changes, that committee shall promptly make such 
                        determination and recommendations and report to 
                        its House reconciliation legislation containing 
                        such recommendations; or
                            (2) more than one committee of the House or 
                        the Senate is directed to determine and 
                        recommend changes, each such committee so 
                        directed shall promptly make such determination 
                        and recommendations and submit such 
                        recommendations to the Committee on the Budget 
                        of its House, which, upon receiving all such 
                        recommendations, shall report to its House 
                        reconciliation legislation carrying out all such 
                        recommendations without any substantive 
                        revision.

            For purposes of this subsection, a reconciliation resolution 
            is a concurrent resolution directing the Clerk of the House 
            of Representatives or the Secretary of the Senate, as the 
            case may be, to make specified changes in bills and 
            resolutions which have not been enrolled.

            (c) Compliance with reconciliation directions
                (1) Any committee of the House of Representatives or the 
            Senate that is directed, pursuant to a concurrent resolution 
            on the budget, to determine and recommend changes of the 
            type described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) 
            of this section with respect to laws within its 
            jurisdiction, shall be deemed to have complied with such 
            directions--
                            (A) if--

                                (i) the amount of the changes of the 
                            type described in paragraph (1) of such 
                            subsection recommended by such committee do 
                            not exceed or fall below the amount of the 
                            changes such committee was directed by such 
                            concurrent resolution to recommend under 
                            such paragraph by more than

                                        (I) in the Senate, 20 percent of 
                                    the total of the amounts of the 
                                    changes such committee was directed 
                                    to make under paragraphs (1) and (2) 
                                    of such subsection; or

                                        (II) in the House of 
                                    Representatives, 20 percent of the 
                                    sum of the absolute value of the 
                                    changes the committee was directed 
                                    to make under paragraph (1) and the 
                                    absolute value of the changes the 
                                    committee was directed to make under 
                                    paragraph (2); and

                                (ii) the amount of the changes of the 
                            type described in paragraph (2) of such 
                            subsection recommended by such committee do 
                            not exceed or fall below the amount of the 
                            changes such committee was directed by such 
                            concurrent resolution to recommend under 
                            that paragraph by more than

                                        (I) in the Senate, 20 percent of 
                                    the total of the amounts of the 
                                    changes such committee was directed 
                                    to make under paragraphs (1) and (2) 
                                    of such subsection; or

                                        (II) in the House of 
                                    Representatives, 20 percent of the 
                                    sum of the absolute value of the 
                                    changes the committee was directed 
                                    to make under paragraph (1) and the 
                                    absolute value of the changes the 
                                    committee was directed to make under 
                                    paragraph (2); and

                            (B) if the total amount of the changes 
                        recommended by such committee is not less than 
                        the total of the amounts of the changes such 
                        committee was directed to make under paragraphs 
                        (1) and (2) of such subsection.
                (2)(A) Upon the reporting to the Committee on the Budget 
            of the Senate of a recommendation that shall be deemed to 
            have complied with such directions solely by virtue of this 
            subsection, the chairman of that committee may file with the 
            Senate appropriately revised allocations under section 
            633(a) of this title and revised functional levels and 
            aggregates to carry out this subsection.
                (B) Upon the submission to the Senate of a conference 
            report recommending a reconciliation bill or resolution in 
            which a committee shall be deemed to have complied with such 
            directions solely by virtue of this subsection, the chairman 
            of the Committee on the Budget of the Senate may file with 
            the Senate appropriately revised allocations under section 
            633(a) of this title and revised functional levels and 
            aggregates to carry out this subsection.
                (C) Allocations, functional levels, and aggregates 
            revised pursuant to this paragraph shall be considered to be 
            allocations, functional levels, and aggregates contained in 
            the concurrent resolution on the budget pursuant to section 
            632 of this title.
                (D) Upon the filing of revised allocations pursuant to 
            this paragraph, the reporting committee shall report revised 
            allocations pursuant to section 633(b) of this title to 
            carry out this subsection.
            (d) Limitation on amendments to reconciliation bills and 
                resolutions
                (1) It shall not be in order in the House of 
            Representatives to consider any amendment to a 
            reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolution if such 
            amendment would have the effect of increasing any specific 
            budget outlays above the level of such outlays provided in 
            the bill or resolution (for the fiscal years covered by the 
            reconciliation instructions set forth in the most recently 
            agreed to concurrent resolution on the budget), or would 
            have the effect of reducing any specific Federal revenues 
            below the level of such revenues provided in the bill or 
            resolution (for such fiscal years), unless such amendment 
            makes at least an equivalent reduction in other specific 
            budget outlays, an equivalent increase in other specific 
            Federal revenues, or an equivalent combination thereof (for 
            such fiscal years), except that a motion to strike a 
            provision providing new budget authority or new entitlement 
            authority may be in order.
                (2) It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider 
            any amendment to a reconciliation bill or reconciliation 
            resolution if such amendment would have the effect of 
            decreasing any specific budget outlay reductions below the 
            level of such outlay reductions provided (for the fiscal 
            years covered) in the reconciliation instructions which 
            relate to such bill or resolution set forth in a resolution 
            providing for reconciliation, or would have the effect of 
            reducing Federal revenue increases below the level of such 
            revenue increases provided (for such fiscal years) in such 
            instructions relating to such bill or resolution, unless 
            such amendment makes a reduction in other specific budget 
            outlays, an increase in other specific Federal revenues, or 
            a combination thereof (for such fiscal years) at least 
            equivalent to any increase in outlays or decrease in 
            revenues provided by such amendment, except that a motion to 
            strike a provision shall always be in order.
                (3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply if a 
            declaration of war by the Congress is in effect.
                (4) For purposes of this section, the levels of budget 
            outlays and Federal revenues for a fiscal year shall be 
            determined on the basis of estimates made by the Committee 
            on the Budget of the House of Representatives or of the 
            Senate, as the case may be.
                (5) The Committee on Rules of the House of 
            Representatives may make in order amendments to achieve 
            changes specified by reconciliation directives contained in 
            a concurrent resolution on the budget if a committee or 
            committees of the House fail to submit recommended changes 
            to its Committee on the Budget pursuant to its instruction.
            (e) Procedure in Senate
                (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the provisions 
            of section 636 of this title for the consideration in the 
            Senate of concurrent resolutions on the budget and 
            conference reports thereon shall also apply to the 
            consideration in the Senate of reconciliation bills reported 
            under subsection (b) of this section and conference reports 
            thereon.
                (2) Debate in the Senate on any reconciliation bill 
            reported under subsection (b) of this section, and all 
            amendments thereto and debatable motions and appeals in 
            connection therewith, shall be limited to not more than 20 
            hours.
            (f) Completion of reconciliation process
                It shall not be in order in the House of Representatives 
            to consider any resolution providing for an adjournment 
            period of more than three calendar days during the month of 
            July until the House of Representatives has completed action 
            on the reconciliation legislation for the fiscal year 
            beginning on October 1 of the calendar year to which the 
            adjournment resolution pertains, if reconciliation 
            legislation is required to be reported by the concurrent 
            resolution on the budget for such fiscal year.
            (g) Limitation on changes to Social Security Act
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, it shall not 
            be in order in the Senate or the House of Representatives to 
            consider any reconciliation bill or reconciliation 
            resolution reported pursuant to a concurrent resolution on 
            the budget agreed to under section 632 or 635 of this title, 
            or a joint resolution pursuant to section 907d of this 
            title, or any amendment thereto or conference report 
            thereon, that contains recommendations with respect to the 
            old-age, survivors, and disability insurance program 
            established under Title II of the Social Security Act [42 
            U.S.C. 401 et seq.]. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 310, 
            July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 315; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, 
            Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1053; Pub. L. 101-508, 
            Title XIII, Sec. Sec. 13112(a)(9), 13207(c), (d), 13210(2), 
            Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608, 1388-618, 1388-619, 1388-
            620; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10111, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 
            Stat. 685.)
  399.39-15  Sec. 642. Budget-related legislation must be within 
                appropriate levels.
            (a) Enforcement of budget aggregates
                (1) In the House of Representatives
                            Except as provided by subsection (c) of this 
                        section, after the Congress has completed action 
                        on a concurrent resolution on the budget for a 
                        fiscal year, it shall not be in order in the 
                        House of Representatives to consider any bill, 
                        joint resolution, amendment, motion, or 
                        conference report providing new budget authority 
                        or reducing revenues, if--

                                (A) the enactment of that bill or 
                            resolution as reported;

                                (B) the adoption and enactment of that 
                            amendment; or

                                (C) the enactment of that bill or 
                            resolution in the form recommended in that 
                            conference report;

            would cause the level of total new budget authority or total 
            outlays set forth in the applicable concurrent resolution on 
            the budget for the first fiscal year to be exceeded, or 
            would cause revenues to be less than the level of total 
            revenues set forth in that concurrent resolution for the 
            first fiscal year or for the total of that first fiscal year 
            and the ensuing fiscal years for which allocations are 
            provided under section 633(a) of this title, except when a 
            declaration of war by the Congress is in effect.

                (2) In the Senate
                            After a concurrent resolution on the budget 
                        is agreed to, it shall not be in order in the 
                        Senate to consider any bill, joint resolution, 
                        amendment, motion, or conference report that--

                                (A) would cause the level of total new 
                            budget authority or total outlays set forth 
                            for the first fiscal year in the applicable 
                            resolution to be exceeded; or

                                (B) would cause revenues to be less than 
                            the level of total revenues set forth for 
                            that first fiscal year or for the total of 
                            that first fiscal year and the ensuing 
                            fiscal years in the applicable resolution 
                            for which allocations are provided under 
                            section 633(a) of this title.

                (3) Enforcement of social security levels in the Senate
                            After a concurrent resolution on the budget 
                        is agreed to, it shall not be in order in the 
                        Senate to consider any bill, joint resolution, 
                        amendment, motion, or conference report that 
                        would cause a decrease in social security 
                        surpluses or an increase in social security 
                        deficits relative to the levels set forth in the 
                        applicable resolution for the first fiscal year 
                        or for the total of that fiscal year and the 
                        ensuing fiscal years for which allocations are 
                        provided under section 633(a) of this title.
            (b) Social security levels
                (1) In general
                            For purposes of subsection (a)(3) of this 
                        section, social security surpluses equal the 
                        excess of social security revenues over social 
                        security outlays in a fiscal year or years with 
                        such an excess and social security deficits 
                        equal the excess of social security outlays over 
                        social security revenues in a fiscal year or 
                        years with such an excess.
                (2) Tax treatment
                            For purposes of subsection (a)(3) of this 
                        section, no provision of any legislation 
                        involving a change in chapter I of the Internal 
                        Revenue Code of 1986 shall be treated as 
                        affecting the amount of social security revenues 
                        or outlays unless that provision changes the 
                        income tax treatment of social security 
                        benefits.
            (c) Exception in the House of Representatives
                Subsection (a)(1) of this section shall not apply in the 
            House of Representatives to any bill, joint resolution, or 
            amendment that provides new budget authority for a fiscal 
            year or to any conference report on any such bill or 
            resolution, if--
                            (1) the enactment of that bill or resolution 
                        as reported;
                            (2) the adoption and enactment of that 
                        amendment; or
                            (3) the enactment of that bill or resolution 
                        in the form recommended in that conference 
                        report;

            would not cause the appropriate allocation of new budget 
            authority made pursuant to section 633(a) of this title for 
            that fiscal year to be exceeded. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, 
            Sec. 311, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 316; Pub. L. 99-177, Title 
            II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1055; Pub. L. 100-
            119, Title I, Sec. 106(e)(1), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 781; 
            Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. Sec. 13112(a)(10), 
            13207(a)(1)(E), 13303(d), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608, 
            1388-617, 1388-626; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10112(a), 
            Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 686.)

399.39-15a  Sec. 643. Determinations and points of order.
            (a) Budget Committee determinations
                For purposes of this subchapter and subchapter II of 
            this chapter, the levels of new budget authority, outlays, 
            direct spending, new entitlement authority, and revenues for 
            a fiscal year shall be determined on the basis of estimates 
            made by the Committee on the Budget of the House of 
            Representatives or the Senate, as applicable.
            (b) Discretionary spending point of order in the Senate
                (1) In general
                            Except as otherwise provided in this 
                        subsection, it shall not be in order in the 
                        Senate to consider any bill or resolution (or 
                        amendment, motion, or conference report on that 
                        bill or resolution) that would exceed any of the 
                        discretionary spending limits in section 901(c) 
                        of this title.
                (2) Exceptions
                            This subsection shall not apply if a 
                        declaration of war by the Congress is in effect 
                        or if a joint resolution pursuant to section 
                        907a of this title has been enacted.
            (c) Maximum deficit amount point of order in the Senate
                It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider any 
            concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal year, or to 
            consider any amendment to that concurrent resolution, or to 
            consider a conference report on that concurrent resolution, 
            if--
                            (1) the level of total outlays for the first 
                        fiscal year set forth in that concurrent 
                        resolution or conference report exceeds; or
                            (2) the adoption of that amendment would 
                        result in a level of total outlays for that 
                        fiscal year that exceeds;

            the recommended level of Federal revenues for that fiscal 
            year, by an amount that is greater than the maximum deficit 
            amount, if any, specified in the Balanced Budget and 
            Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 for that fiscal year.

            (d) Timing of points of order in the Senate
                A point of order under this Act may not be raised 
            against a bill, resolution, amendment, motion, or conference 
            report while an amendment or motion, the adoption of which 
            would remedy the violation of this Act, is pending before 
            the Senate.
            (e) Points of order in the Senate against amendments between 
                the Houses
                Each provision of this Act that establishes a point of 
            order against an amendment also establishes a point of order 
            in the Senate against an amendment between the Houses. If a 
            point of order under this Act is raised in the Senate 
            against an amendment between the Houses and the point of 
            order is sustained, the effect shall be the same as if the 
            Senate had disagreed to the amendment.
            (f) Effect of a point of order in the Senate
                In the Senate, if a point of order under this Act 
            against a bill or resolution is sustained, the Presiding 
            Officer shall then recommit the bill or resolution to the 
            committee of appropriate jurisdiction for further 
            consideration. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 312, as 
            added Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13207(b)(1), Nov. 5, 
            1990, 104 Stat. 1388-618, and amended Pub. L. 105-33, Title 
            X, Sec. 10113(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 687.)
399.39-15b  Sec. 644. Extraneous matter in reconciliation legislation.
            (a) In general
                When the Senate is considering a reconciliation bill or 
            a reconciliation resolution pursuant to section 641 of this 
            title (whether that bill or resolution originated in the 
            Senate or the House) or section 907d of this title, upon a 
            point of order being made by any Senator against material 
            extraneous to the instructions to a committee which is 
            contained in any title or provision of the bill or 
            resolution or offered as an amendment to the bill or 
            resolution, and the point of order is sustained by the 
            Chair, any part of said title or provision that contains 
            material extraneous to the instructions to said Committee as 
            defined in subsection (b) of this section shall be deemed 
            stricken from the bill and may not be offered as an 
            amendment from the floor.
            (b) Extraneous provisions
                (1)(A) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a provision 
            of a reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolution 
            considered pursuant to section 641 of this title shall be 
            considered extraneous if such provision does not produce a 
            change in outlays or revenues, including changes in outlays 
            and revenues brought about by changes in the terms and 
            conditions under which outlays are made or revenues are 
            required to be collected (but a provision in which outlay 
            decreases or revenue increases exactly offset outlay 
            increases or revenue decreases shall not be considered 
            extraneous by virtue of this subparagraph);
                (B) any provision producing an increase in outlays or 
            decrease in revenues shall be considered extraneous if the 
            net effect of provisions reported by the Committee reporting 
            the title containing the provision is that the Committee 
            fails to achieve its reconciliation instructions;
                (C) a provision that is not in the jurisdiction of the 
            Committee with jurisdiction over said title or provision 
            shall be considered extraneous;
                (D) a provision shall be considered extraneous if it 
            produces changes in outlays or revenues which are merely 
            incidental to the non-budgetary components of the provision;
                (E) a provision shall be considered to be extraneous if 
            it increases, or would increase, net outlays, or if it 
            decreases, or would decrease, revenues during a fiscal year 
            after the fiscal years covered by such reconciliation bill 
            or reconciliation resolution, and such increases or 
            decreases are greater than outlay reductions or revenue 
            increases resulting from other provisions in such title in 
            such year; and
                (F) a provision shall be considered extraneous if it 
            violates section 641(g) of this title.
                (2) A Senate-originated provision shall not be 
            considered extraneous under paragraph (1)(A) if the Chairman 
            and Ranking Minority Member of the Committee on the Budget 
            and the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the 
            Committee which reported the provision certify that:
                            (A) the provision mitigates the direct 
                        effects clearly attributable to a provision 
                        changing outlays or revenues and both provisions 
                        together produce a net reduction in the deficit;
                            (B) the provision will result in a 
                        substantial reduction in outlays or a 
                        substantial increase in revenues during fiscal 
                        years after the fiscal years covered by the 
                        reconciliation bill or reconciliation 
                        resolution;
                            (C) a reduction of outlays or an increase in 
                        revenues is likely to occur as a result of the 
                        provision, in the event of new regulations 
                        authorized by the provision or likely to be 
                        proposed, court rulings on pending litigation, 
                        or relationships between economic indices and 
                        stipulated statutory triggers pertaining to the 
                        provision, other than the regulations, court 
                        rulings or relationships currently projected by 
                        the Congressional Budget Office for scorekeeping 
                        purposes; or
                            (D) such provision will be likely to produce 
                        a significant reduction in outlays or increase 
                        in revenues but, due to insufficient data, such 
                        reduction or increase cannot be reliably 
                        estimated.
                (3) A provision reported by a committee shall not be 
            considered extraneous under paragraph (1)(C) if (A) the 
            provision is an integral part of a provision or title, which 
            if introduced as a bill or resolution would be referred to 
            such committee, and the provision sets forth the procedure 
            to carry out or implement the substantive provisions that 
            were reported and which fall within the jurisdiction of such 
            committee; or (B) the provision states an exception to, or a 
            special application of, the general provision or title of 
            which it is a part and such general provision or title if 
            introduced as a bill or resolution would be referred to such 
            committee.
            (c) Extraneous materials
                Upon the reporting or discharge of a reconciliation bill 
            or resolution pursuant to section 641 of this title in the 
            Senate, and again upon the submission of a conference report 
            on such a reconciliation bill or resolution, the Committee 
            on the Budget of the Senate shall submit for the record a 
            list of material considered to be extraneous under 
            subsections (b)(1)(A), (b)(1)(B), and (b)(1)(E) of this 
            section to the instructions of a committee as provided in 
            this section. The inclusion or exclusion of a provision 
            shall not constitute a determination of extraneousness by 
            the Presiding Officer of the Senate.
            (d) Conference reports
                When the Senate is considering a conference report on, 
            or an amendment between the Houses in relation to, a 
            reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolution pursuant to 
            section 641 of this title, upon--
                            (1) a point of order being made by any 
                        Senator against extraneous material meeting the 
                        definition of subsections (b)(1)(A), (b)(1)(B), 
                        (b)(1)(D), (b)(l)(E), or (b)(l)(F) of this 
                        section, and
                            (2) such point of order being sustained,

            such material contained in such conference report or 
            amendment shall be deemed stricken, and the Senate shall 
            proceed, without intervening action or motion, to consider 
            the question of whether the Senate shall recede from its 
            amendment and concur with a further amendment, or concur in 
            the House amendment with a further amendment, as the case 
            may be, which further amendment shall consist of only that 
            portion of the conference report or House amendment, as the 
            case may be, not so stricken. Any such motion in the Senate 
            shall be debatable for two hours. In any case in which such 
            point of order is sustained against a conference report (or 
            Senate amendment derived from such conference report by 
            operation of this subsection), no further amendment shall be 
            in order.

            (e) General point of order
                Notwithstanding any other law or rule of the Senate, it 
            shall be in order for a Senator to raise a single point of 
            order that several provisions of a bill, resolution, 
            amendment, motion, or conference report violate this 
            section. The Presiding Officer may sustain the point of 
            order as to some or all of the provisions against which the 
            Senator raised the point of order. If the Presiding Officer 
            so sustains the point of order as to some of the provisions 
            (including provisions of an amendment, motion, or conference 
            report) against which the Senator raised the point of order, 
            then only those provisions (including provisions of an 
            amendment, motion, or conference report) against which the 
            Presiding Officer sustains the point of order shall be 
            deemed stricken pursuant to this section. Before the 
            Presiding Officer rules on such a point of order, any 
            Senator may move to waive such a point of order as it 
            applies to some or all of the provisions against which the 
            point of order was raised. Such a motion to waive is 
            amendable in accordance with the rules and precedents of the 
            Senate. After the Presiding Officer rules on such a point of 
            order, any Senator may appeal the ruling of the Presiding 
            Officer on such a point of order as it applies to some or 
            all of the provisions on which the Presiding Officer ruled. 
            (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 313, as added and amended 
            Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13214(a)-(b)(4), Nov. 5, 
            1990, 104 Stat. 1388-621, 1388-622; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, 
            Sec. 10113(b)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 688.)
399.39-15c  Sec. 645. Adjustments.
            (a) Adjustments
                (1) In general
                            After the reporting of a bill or joint 
                        resolution, the offering of an amendment 
                        thereto, or the submission of a conference 
                        report thereon, the chairman of the Committee on 
                        the Budget of the House of Representatives or 
                        the Senate shall make the adjustments set forth 
                        in paragraph (2) for the amount of new budget 
                        authority in that measure (if that measure meets 
                        the requirements set forth in subsection (b) of 
                        this section) and the outlays flowing from that 
                        budget authority.
                (2) Matters to be adjusted
                            The adjustments referred to in paragraph (1) 
                        are to be made to--

                                (A) the discretionary spending limits, 
                            if any, set forth in the appropriate 
                            concurrent resolution on the budget;

                                (B) the allocations made pursuant to the 
                            appropriate concurrent resolution on the 
                            budget pursuant to section 633(a) of this 
                            title; and

                                (C) the budgetary aggregates as set 
                            forth in the appropriate concurrent 
                            resolution on the budget.

            (b) Amounts of adjustments
                The adjustment referred to in subsection (a) of this 
            section shall be--
                            (1) an amount provided and designated as an 
                        emergency requirement pursuant to section 
                        901(b)(2)(A) or 902(e) of this title;
                            (2) an amount provided for continuing 
                        disability reviews subject to the limitations in 
                        section 901(b)(2)(C) of this title;
                            (3) for any fiscal year through 2002, an 
                        amount provided that is the dollar equivalent of 
                        the Special Drawing Rights with respect to--

                                (A) an increase in the United States 
                            quota as part of the International Monetary 
                            Fund Eleventh General Review of Quotas 
                            (United States Quota); or

                                (B) any increase in the maximum amount 
                            available to the Secretary of the Treasury 
                            pursuant to section 17 of the Bretton Woods 
                            Agreements Act, as amended from time to time 
                            (New Arrangements to Borrow);

                            (4) an amount provided not to exceed 
                        $1,884,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 
                        1998 through 2000 for arrearages for 
                        international organizations, international 
                        peacekeeping, and multilateral development 
                        banks;
                            (5) an amount provided for an earned income 
                        tax credit compliance initiative but not to 
                        exceed--

                                (A) with respect to fiscal year 1998, 
                            $138,000,000 in new budget authority;

                                (B) with respect to fiscal year 1999, 
                            $143,000,000 in new budget authority;

                                (C) with respect to fiscal year 2000, 
                            $144,000,000 in new budget authority;

                                (D) with respect to fiscal year 2001, 
                            $145,000,000 in new budget authority; and

                                (E) with respect to fiscal year 2002, 
                            $146,000,000 in new budget authority; or

                            (6) in the case of an amount for adoption 
                        incentive payments (as defined in section 
                        901(b)(2)(G) of this title) for fiscal year 
                        1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, or 2003 for the 
                        Department of Health and Human Services, an 
                        amount not to exceed $20,000,000.
            (c) Application of adjustments
                The adjustments made pursuant to subsection (a) of this 
            section for legislation shall--
                            (1) apply while that legislation is under 
                        consideration;
                            (2) take effect upon the enactment of that 
                        legislation; and
                            (3) be published in the Congressional Record 
                        as soon as practicable.
            (d) Reporting revised suballocations
                Following any adjustment made under subsection (a) of 
            this section, the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate 
            and the House of Representatives may report appropriately 
            revised suballocations under section 633(b) of this title to 
            carry out this section.
            (e) Definitions for CDRs
                As used in subsection (b)(2) of this section--
                            (1) the term ``continuing disability 
                        reviews'' shall have the same meaning as 
                        provided in section 901(b)(2)(C)(ii) of this 
                        title; and
                            (2) the term ``new budget authority'' shall 
                        have the same meaning as the term ``additional 
                        new budget authority'' and the term ``out lays'' 
                        shall have the same meaning as ``additional 
                        outlays'' in that section. (Pub. L. 934-344, 
                        Title III, Sec. 314, as added Pub. L. 105-33, 
                        Title X, Sec. 10114(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 
                        688, and amended Pub. L. 105-89, Title II, 
                        Sec. 201(b)(2), Nov. 19, 1997, 111 Stat. 2125.)
399.39-15d  Sec. 645a. Effect of adoption of a special order of business 
                in the House of Representatives.
                For purposes of a reported bill or joint resolution 
            considered in the House of Representatives pursuant to a 
            special order of business, the term ``as reported'' in this 
            subchapter or subchapter II of this chapter shall be 
            considered to refer to the text made in order as an original 
            bill or joint resolution for the purpose of amendment or to 
            the text on which the previous question is ordered directly 
            to passage, as the case may be. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, 
            Sec. 315, as added Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10115(a), 
            Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 690.)
            
                          Subchapter II.--Fiscal Procedures

            
                             Part A.--General Provisions

  399.39-16   Sec. 651. Budget-related legislation not subject to 
                appropriations.
            (a) Controls on certain budget-related legislation not 
                subject to appropriations
                It shall not be in order in either the House of 
            Representatives or the Senate to consider any bill or joint 
            resolution (in the House of Representatives only, as 
            reported), amendment, motion, or conference report that 
            provides--
                            (1) new authority to enter into contracts 
                        under which the United States is obligated to 
                        make outlays;
                            (2) new authority to incur indebtedness 
                        (other than indebtedness incurred under chapter 
                        31 of title 31 of the United States Code) for 
                        the repayment of which the United States is 
                        liable; or
                            (3) new credit authority;

            unless that bill, joint resolution, amendment, motion, or 
            conference report also provides that the new authority is to 
            be effective for any fiscal year only to the extent or in 
            the amounts provided in advance in appropriation Acts.

            (b) Legislation providing new entitlement authority
                (1) Point of order
                            It shall not be in order in either the House 
                        of Representatives or the Senate to consider any 
                        bill or joint resolution (in the House of 
                        Representatives only, as reported), amendment, 
                        motion, or conference report that provides new 
                        entitlement authority that is to become 
                        effective during the current fiscal year.
                (2) If any committee of the House of Representatives or 
            the Senate reports any bill or resolution which provides new 
            entitlement authority which is to become effective during a 
            fiscal year and the amount of new budget authority which 
            will be required for such fiscal year if such bill or 
            resolution is enacted as so reported exceeds the appropriate 
            allocation of new budget authority reported under section 
            633(b) of this title in connection with the most recently 
            agreed to concurrent resolution on the budget for such 
            fiscal year, such bill or resolution shall then be referred 
            to the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate or may then 
            be referred to the Committee on Appropriations of the House, 
            as the case may be, with instructions to report it, with the 
            committee's recommendations, within 15 calendar days (not 
            counting any day on which that House is not in session) 
            beginning with the day following the day on which it is so 
            referred. If the Committee on Appropriations of either House 
            fails to report a bill or resolution referred to it under 
            this paragraph within such 15-day period, the committee 
            shall automatically be discharged from further consideration 
            of such bill or resolution and such bill or resolution shall 
            be placed on the appropriate calendar.
                (3) The Committee on Appropriations of each House shall 
            have jurisdiction to report any bill or resolution referred 
            to it under paragraph (2) with an amendment which limits the 
            total amount of new spending authority provided in such bill 
            or resolution.
            (c) Exceptions
                (1) Subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall not 
            apply to new authority described in those subsections if 
            outlays from that new authority will flow--
                            (A) from a trust fund established by the 
                        Social Security Act (as in effect on July 12, 
                        1974) [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.]; or
                            (B) from any other trust fund, 90 percent or 
                        more of the receipts of which consist or will 
                        consist of amounts (transferred from the general 
                        fund of the Treasury) equivalent to amounts of 
                        taxes (related to the purposes for which such 
                        outlays are or will be made) received in the 
                        Treasury under specified provisions of the 
                        Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1 et 
                        seq.].
                (2) Subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall not 
            apply to new authority described in those subsections to the 
            extent that--
                            (A) the outlays resulting therefrom are made 
                        by an organization which is (i) a mixed-
                        ownership Government corporation (as defined in 
                        section 9101(2) of title 31), or (ii) a wholly 
                        owned Government corporation (as defined in 
                        section 9101(3) of title 31) which is 
                        specifically exempted by law from compliance 
                        with any or all of the provisions of chapter 91 
                        of title 31, as of December 12, 1985; or
                            (B) the outlays resulting therefrom consist 
                        exclusively of the proceeds of gifts or bequests 
                        made to the United States for a specific 
                        purpose. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, Sec. 401, 
                        July 12 1974, 88 Stat. 317; Pub. L. 99-177, 
                        Title II, Sec. 211, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 
                        Sec. 1056; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 
                        1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 101-508, Title 
                        XIII, Sec. 13207(a)(1)(F), (G), Nov, 5, 1990, 
                        104 Stat. 1388-617, 1388-618; Pub. L. 105-33, 
                        Title X, Sec. 10116(a)(1)-(5), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 
                        Stat. 690.)
  399.39-17  Sec. 652. Repealed. Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10116(b), 
                Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 692.
                Section, Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, Sec. 402, July 12, 
            1974, 88 Stat. 318; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 212, Dec. 
            12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13207(a)(1)(H), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-618, 
            related to legislation providing new credit authority.
  399.39-18  Sec. 653. Analysis by Congressional Budget Office.
                The Director of the Congressional Budget Office shall, 
            to the extent practicable, prepare for each bill or 
            resolution of a public character reported by any committee 
            of the House of Representatives or the Senate (except the 
            Committee on Appropriations of each House), and submit to 
            such committee--
                            (1) an estimate of the costs which would be 
                        incurred in carrying out such bill or resolution 
                        in the fiscal year in which it is to become 
                        effective and in each of the 4 fiscal years 
                        following such fiscal year, together with the 
                        basis for each such estimate;
                            (2) a comparison of the estimates of costs 
                        described in paragraph (1) with any available 
                        estimates of costs made by such committee or by 
                        any Federal agency; and
                            (3) a description of each method for 
                        establishing a Federal financial commitment 
                        contained in such bill or resolution.

            The estimates, comparison, and description so submitted 
            shall be included in the report accompanying such bill or 
            resolution if timely submitted to such committee before such 
            report is filed. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, Sec. 402, 
            formerly Sec. 403, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 320; Pub. L. 97-
            108, Sec. 2(a), Dec. 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 1510; Pub. L. 99-
            177, Title II, Sec. 213, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1059; Pub. 
            L. 104-4, Title I, Sec. 104, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 62; 
            renumbered Sec. 402, Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, 
            Sec. 10116(c)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 692.)

  399.39-19  Sec. 654. Study by General Accounting Office of forms of 
                Federal financial commitment not reviewed annually by 
                Congress.
                The General Accounting Office shall study those 
            provisions of law which provide mandatory spending and 
            report to the Congress its recommendations for the 
            appropriate form of financing for activities or programs 
            financed by such provisions not later than eighteen months 
            after December 12, 1985. Such report shall be revised from 
            time to time. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, Sec. 404, formerly 
            Sec. 405, as added, Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 214, Dec. 
            12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1059; renumbered Sec. 404 and amended 
            Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10116(c)(1), (2), Aug. 5, 
            1997, 111 Stat. 692.)
  399.39-20  Sec. 655. Off-budget agencies, programs, and activities.
                (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, budget 
            authority, credit authority, and estimates of outlays and 
            receipts for activities of the Federal budget which are off-
            budget immediately prior to December 12, 1985, not including 
            activities of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance 
            and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Funds, shall be 
            included in a budget submitted pursuant to section 1105 of 
            title 31 and in a concurrent resolution on the budget 
            reported pursuant to section 632 or section 635 of this 
            title and shall be considered, for purposes of this Act, 
            budget authority, outlays, and spending authority in 
            accordance with definitions set forth in this Act.
                (b) All receipts and disbursements of the Federal 
            Financing Bank with respect to any obligations which are 
            issued, sold, or guaranteed by a Federal agency shall be 
            treated as a means of financing such agency for purposes of 
            section 1105 of title 31 and for purposes of this Act. (Pub. 
            L. 93-344, Title IV, Sec. 405, formerly Sec. 406, as added 
            Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 214, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 
            1059, renumbered Sec. 405, Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, 
            Sec. 10116(c)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 692.)
399.39-20a  Sec. 656. Member User Group.
                The Speaker of the House of Representatives, after 
            consulting with the Minority Leader of the House, may 
            appoint a Member User Group for the purpose of reviewing 
            budgetary scorekeeping rules and practices of the House and 
            advising the Speaker from time to time on the effect and 
            impact of such rules and practices. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title 
            IV, Sec. 406, formerly Sec. 407, as added Pub. L. 99-177, 
            Title II, Sec. 214, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1060, renumbered 
            Sec. 406, Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10116(c)(1), Aug. 5, 
            1997, 111 Stat. 692.)
            
                              Part B.--Federal Mandates

  399.39-21  Sec. 658. Definitions.
            For purposes of this part:
                (1) Agency
                            The term ``agency'' has the same meaning as 
                        defined in section 551(1) of title 5, but does 
                        not include independent regulatory agencies.
                (2) Amount
                            The term ``amount'', with respect to an 
                        authorization of appropriations for Federal 
                        financial assistance, means the amount of budget 
                        authority for any Federal grant assistance 
                        program or any Federal program providing loan 
                        guarantees or direct loans.
                (3) Direct costs
                            The term ``direct costs''--

                                (A)(i) in the case of a Federal 
                            intergovernmental mandate, means the 
                            aggregate estimated amounts that all State, 
                            local, and tribal governments would be 
                            required to spend or would be prohibited 
                            from raising in revenues in order to comply 
                            with the Federal intergovernmental mandate; 
                            or

                                (ii) in the case of a provision referred 
                            to in paragraph (5)(A)(ii), means the amount 
                            of Federal financial assistance eliminated 
                            or reduced;

                                (B) in the case of a Federal private 
                            sector mandate, means the aggregate 
                            estimated amounts that the private sector 
                            will be required to spend in order to comply 
                            with the Federal private sector mandate;

                                (C) shall be determined on the 
                            assumption that--

                                        (i) State, local, and tribal 
                                    governments, and the private sector 
                                    will take all reasonable steps 
                                    necessary to mitigate the costs 
                                    resulting from the Federal mandate, 
                                    and will comply with applicable 
                                    standards of practice and conduct 
                                    established by recognized 
                                    professional or trade associations; 
                                    and

                                        (ii) reasonable steps to 
                                    mitigate the costs shall not include 
                                    increases in State, local, or tribal 
                                    taxes or fees; and

                                (D) shall not include--

                                        (i) estimated amounts that the 
                                    State, local, and tribal governments 
                                    (in the case of a Federal 
                                    intergovernmental mandate) or the 
                                    private sector (in the case of a 
                                    Federal private sector mandate) 
                                    would spend--

                                                (I) to comply with or 
                                            carry out all applicable 
                                            Federal, State, local, and 
                                            tribal laws and regulations 
                                            in effect at the time of the 
                                            adoption of the Federal 
                                            mandate for the same 
                                            activity as is affected by 
                                            that Federal mandate; or
                                                (II) to comply with or 
                                            carry out State, local, and 
                                            tribal governmental 
                                            programs, or private-sector 
                                            business or other activities 
                                            in effect at the time of the 
                                            adoption of the Federal 
                                            mandate for the same 
                                            activity as is affected by 
                                            that mandate; or

                                        (ii) expenditures to the extent 
                                    that such expenditures will be 
                                    offset by any direct savings to the 
                                    State, local, and tribal 
                                    governments, or by the private 
                                    sector, as a result of--

                                                (I) compliance with the 
                                            Federal mandate; or
                                                (II) other changes in 
                                            Federal law or regulation 
                                            that are enacted or adopted 
                                            in the same bill or joint 
                                            resolution or proposed or 
                                            final Federal regulation and 
                                            that govern the same 
                                            activity as is affected by 
                                            the Federal mandate.
                  
                (4) Direct savings
                            The term ``direct savings'', when used with 
                        respect to the result of compliance with the 
                        Federal mandate--

                                (A) in the case of a Federal 
                            intergovernmental mandate, means the 
                            aggregate estimated reduction in costs to 
                            any State, local, or tribal government as a 
                            result of compliance with the Federal 
                            intergovernmental mandate; and

                                (B) in the case of a Federal private 
                            sector mandate, means the aggregate 
                            estimated reduction in costs to the private 
                            sector as a result of compliance with the 
                            Federal private sector mandate.

                (5) Federal intergovernmental mandate
                            The term ``Federal intergovernmental 
                        mandate'' means--

                                (A) any provision in legislation, 
                            statute, or regulation that--

                                        (i) would impose an enforceable 
                                    duty upon State, local, or tribal 
                                    governments, except--

                                                (I) a condition of 
                                            Federal assistance; or
                                                (II) a duty arising from 
                                            participation in a voluntary 
                                            Federal program, except as 
                                            provided in subparagraph 
                                            (B)); or

                                        (ii) would reduce or eliminate 
                                    the amount of authorization of 
                                    appropriations for--

                                                (I) Federal financial 
                                            assistance that would be 
                                            provided to State, local, or 
                                            tribal governments for the 
                                            purpose of complying with 
                                            any such previously imposed 
                                            duty unless such duty is 
                                            reduced or eliminated by a 
                                            corresponding amount; or
                                                (II) the control of 
                                            borders by the Federal 
                                            Government; or reimbursement 
                                            to State, local, or tribal 
                                            governments for the net cost 
                                            associated with illegal, 
                                            deportable, and excludable 
                                            aliens, including court-
                                            mandated expenses related to 
                                            emergency health care, 
                                            education or criminal 
                                            justice; when such a 
                                            reduction or elimination 
                                            would result in increased 
                                            net costs to State, local, 
                                            or tribal governments in 
                                            providing education or 
                                            emergency health care to, or 
                                            incarceration of, illegal 
                                            aliens; except that this 
                                            subclause shall not be in 
                                            effect with respect to a 
                                            State, local, or tribal 
                                            government, to the extent 
                                            that such government has not 
                                            fully cooperated in the 
                                            efforts of the Federal 
                                            Government to locate, 
                                            apprehend, and deport 
                                            illegal aliens;

                                (B) any provision in legislation, 
                            statute, or regulation that relates to a 
                            then-existing Federal program under which 
                            $500,000,000 or more is provided annually to 
                            State, local, and tribal governments under 
                            entitlement authority, if the provision--

                                        (i)(I) would increase the 
                                    stringency of conditions of 
                                    assistance to State, local, or 
                                    tribal governments under the 
                                    program; or

                                        (II) would place caps upon, or 
                                    otherwise decrease, the Federal 
                                    Government's responsibility to 
                                    provide funding to State, local, or 
                                    tribal governments under the 
                                    program; and

                                        (ii) the State, local, or tribal 
                                    governments that participate in the 
                                    Federal program lack authority under 
                                    that program to amend their 
                                    financial or programmatic 
                                    responsibilities to continue 
                                    providing required services that are 
                                    affected by the legislation, 
                                    statute, or regulation.

                (6) Federal mandate
                            The term ``Federal mandate'' means a Federal 
                        intergovernmental mandate or a Federal private 
                        sector mandate, as defined in paragraphs (5) and 
                        (7).
                (7) Federal private sector mandate
                            The term ``Federal private sector mandate'' 
                        means any provision in legislation, statute, or 
                        regulation that--

                                (A) would impose an enforceable duty 
                            upon the private sector except--

                                        (i) a condition of Federal 
                                    assistance; or

                                        (ii) a duty arising from 
                                    participation in a voluntary Federal 
                                    program; or

                                (B) would reduce or eliminate the amount 
                            of authorization of appropriations for 
                            Federal financial assistance that will be 
                            provided to the private sector for the 
                            purposes of ensuring compliance with such 
                            duty.

                (8) Local government
                            The term ``local government'' has the same 
                        meaning as defined in section 6501(6) of title 
                        31.
                (9) Private sector
                            The term ``private sector'' means all 
                        persons or entities in the United States, 
                        including individuals, partnerships, 
                        associations, corporations, and educational and 
                        nonprofit institutions, but shall not include 
                        State, local, or tribal governments.
                (10) Regulation; rule
                            The term ``regulation'' or ``rule'' (except 
                        with respect to a rule of either House of the 
                        Congress) has the meaning of ``rule'' as defined 
                        in section 601(2) of title 5.
                (11) Small government
                            The term ``small government'' means any 
                        small governmental jurisdictions defined in 
                        section 601(5) of title 5, and any tribal 
                        government.
                (12) State
                            The term ``State'' has the same meaning as 
                        defined in section 6501(9) of title 31.
                (13) Tribal government
                            The term ``tribal government'' means any 
                        Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized 
                        group or community, including any Alaska Native 
                        village or regional or village corporation as 
                        defined in or established pursuant to the Alaska 
                        Native Claims Settlement Act (85 Stat. 688; 43 
                        U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) which is recognized as 
                        eligible for the special programs and services 
                        provided by the United States to Indians because 
                        of their special status as Indians. (Pub. L. 93-
                        344, Title IV, Sec. 421, as added Pub. L. 104-4, 
                        Title I, Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22, 1995, 109 
                        Stat. 50.)
399.39-21a  Sec. 658a. Exclusions.
                This part shall not apply to any provision in a bill, 
            joint resolution, amendment, motion, or conference report 
            before Congress that--
                            (1) enforces constitutional rights of 
                        individuals;
                            (2) establishes or enforces any statutory 
                        rights that prohibit discrimination on the basis 
                        of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, 
                        age, handicap, or disability;
                            (3) requires compliance with accounting and 
                        auditing procedures with respect to grants or 
                        other money or property provided by the Federal 
                        Government;
                            (4) provides for emergency assistance or 
                        relief at the request of any State, local, or 
                        tribal government or any official of a State, 
                        local, or tribal government;
                            (5) is necessary for the national security 
                        or the ratification or implementation of 
                        international treaty obligations;
                            (6) the President designates as emergency 
                        legislation and that the Congress so designates 
                        in statute; or
                            (7) relates to the old-age, survivors, and 
                        disability insurance program under subchapter II 
                        of chapter 7 of title 42 (including taxes 
                        imposed by sections 3101(a) and 3111(a) of title 
                        26 (relating to old-age, survivors, and 
                        disability insurance)). (Pub. L. 93-344, Title 
                        IV, Sec. 422, as added Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, 
                        Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 53.)
399.39-21b  Sec. 658b. Duties of congressional committees.
            (a) In general
                When a committee of authorization of the Senate or the 
            House of Representatives reports a bill or joint resolution 
            of public character that includes any Federal mandate, the 
            report of the committee accompanying the bill or joint 
            resolution shall contain the information required by 
            subsections (c) and (d) of this section.
            (b) Submission of bills to the Director
                When a committee of authorization of the Senate or the 
            House of Representatives orders reported a bill or joint 
            resolution of a public character, the committee shall 
            promptly provide the bill or joint resolution to the 
            Director of the Congressional Budget Office and shall 
            identify to the Director any Federal mandates contained in 
            the bill or resolution.
            (c) Reports on Federal mandates
                Each report described under subsection (a) of this 
            section shall contain--
                            (1) an identification and description of any 
                        Federal mandates in the bill or joint 
                        resolution, including the direct costs to State, 
                        local, and tribal governments, and to the 
                        private sector, required to comply with the 
                        Federal mandates;
                            (2) a qualitative, and if practicable, a 
                        quantitative assessment of costs and benefits 
                        anticipated from the Federal mandates (including 
                        the effects on health and safety and the 
                        protection of the natural environment); and
                            (3) a statement of the degree to which a 
                        Federal mandate affects both the public and 
                        private sectors and the extent to which Federal 
                        payment of public sector costs or the 
                        modification or termination of the Federal 
                        mandate as provided under section 658d(a)(2) of 
                        this title would affect the competitive balance 
                        between State, local, or tribal governments and 
                        the private sector including a description of 
                        the actions, if any, taken by the committee to 
                        avoid any adverse impact on the private sector 
                        or the competitive balance between the public 
                        sector and the private sector.
            (d) Intergovernmental mandates
                If any of the Federal mandates in the bill or joint 
            resolution are Federal intergovernmental mandates, the 
            report required under subsection (a) of this section shall 
            also contain--
                            (1)(A) a statement of the amount, if any, of 
                        increase or decrease in authorization of 
                        appropriations under existing Federal financial 
                        assistance programs, or of authorization of 
                        appropriations for new Federal financial 
                        assistance, provided by the bill or joint 
                        resolution and usable for activities of State, 
                        local, or tribal governments subject to the 
                        Federal intergovernmental mandates;
                            (B) a statement of whether the committee 
                        intends that the Federal intergovernmental 
                        mandates be partly or entirely unfunded, and if 
                        so, the reasons for that intention; and
                            (C) if funded in whole or in part, a 
                        statement of whether and how the committee has 
                        created a mechanism to allocate the funding in a 
                        manner that is reasonably consistent with the 
                        expected direct costs among and between the 
                        respective levels of State, local, and tribal 
                        government; and
                            (2) any existing sources of Federal 
                        assistance in addition to those identified in 
                        paragraph (1) that may assist State, local, and 
                        tribal governments in meeting the direct costs 
                        of the Federal intergovemmental mandates; and
                            (3) if the bill or joint resolution would 
                        make the reduction specified in section 
                        658(5)(B)(i)(II) of this title, a statement of 
                        how the committee specifically intends the 
                        States to implement the reduction and to what 
                        extent the legislation provides additional 
                        flexibility, if any, to offset the reduction.
            (e) Preemption clarification and information
                When a committee of authorization of the Senate or the 
            House of Representatives reports a bill or joint resolution 
            of public character, the committee report accompanying the 
            bill or joint resolution shall contain, if relevant to the 
            bill or joint resolution, an explicit statement on the 
            extent to which the bill or joint resolution is intended to 
            preempt any State, local, or tribal law, and, if so, an 
            explanation of the effect of such preemption.
            (f) Publication of statement from the Director
                (1) In general
                            Upon receiving a statement from the Director 
                        under section 658c of this title, a committee of 
                        the Senate or the House of Representatives shall 
                        publish the statement in the committee report 
                        accompanying the bill or joint resolution to 
                        which the statement relates if the statement is 
                        available at the time the report is printed.
                (2) Other publication of statement of Director
                            If the statement is not published in the 
                        report, or if the bill or joint resolution to 
                        which the statement relates is expected to be 
                        considered by the Senate or the House of 
                        Representatives before the report is published, 
                        the committee shall cause the statement, or a 
                        summary thereof, to be published in the 
                        Congressional Record in advance of floor 
                        consideration of the bill or joint resolution.

            (Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, Sec. 423, as added Pub. L. 104-4, 
            Title I, Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 53; 
            amended Pub. L. 106-141, Sec. 2(a), Dec. 7, 1999, 113 Stat. 
            1699.)

399.39-21c  Sec. 658c. Duties of the Director, statements on bills and 
                joint resolutions other than appropriations bills and 
                joint resolutions.
            (a) Federal intergovernmental mandates in reported bills and 
                resolutions
                For each bill or joint resolution of a public character 
            reported by any committee of authorization of the Senate or 
            the House of Representatives, the Director of the 
            Congressional Budget Office shall prepare and submit to the 
            committee a statement as follows:
                            (1) Contents

                                If the Director estimates that the 
                            direct cost of all Federal intergovernmental 
                            mandates in the bill or joint resolution 
                            will equal or exceed $50,000,000 (adjusted 
                            annually for inflation) in the fiscal year 
                            in which any Federal intergovernmental 
                            mandate in the bill or joint resolution (or 
                            in any necessary implementing regulation) 
                            would first be effective or in any of the 4 
                            fiscal years following such fiscal year, the 
                            Director shall so state, specify the 
                            estimate, and briefly explain the basis of 
                            the estimate.

                            (2) Estimates

                                Estimates required under paragraph (1) 
                            shall include estimates (and brief 
                            explanations of the basis of the estimates) 
                            of--

                                        (A) the total amount of direct 
                                    cost of complying with the Federal 
                                    intergovernmental mandates in the 
                                    bill or joint resolution;

                                        (B) if the bill or resolution 
                                    contains an authorization of 
                                    appropriations under section 
                                    658d(a)(2)(B) of this title, the 
                                    amount of new budget authority for 
                                    each fiscal year for a period not to 
                                    exceed 10 years beyond the effective 
                                    date necessary for the direct cost 
                                    of the intergovernmental mandate; 
                                    and

                                        (C) the amount, if any, of 
                                    increase in authorization of 
                                    appropriations under existing 
                                    Federal financial assistance 
                                    programs, or of authorization of 
                                    appropriations for new Federal 
                                    financial assistance, provided by 
                                    the bill or joint resolution and 
                                    usable by State, local, or tribal 
                                    governments for activities subject 
                                    to the Federal intergovernmental 
                                    mandates.

                            (3) Additional flexibility information

                                The Director shall include in the 
                            statement submitted under this subsection, 
                            in the case of legislation that makes 
                            changes as described in section 
                            658(5)(B)(i)(II) of this title--

                                        (A) if no additional flexibility 
                                    is provided in the legislation, a 
                                    description of whether and how the 
                                    States can offset the reduction 
                                    under existing law; or

                                        (B) if additional flexibility is 
                                    provided in the legislation, whether 
                                    the resulting savings would offset 
                                    the reductions in that program 
                                    assuming the States fully implement 
                                    that additional flexibility.

                (4) Estimate not feasible
                            If the Director determines that it is not 
                        feasible to make a reasonable estimate that 
                        would be required under paragraphs (1) and (2), 
                        the Director shall not make the estimate, but 
                        shall report in the statement that the 
                        reasonable estimate cannot be made and shall 
                        include the reasons for that determination in 
                        the statement. If such determination is made by 
                        the Director, a point of order under this part 
                        shall lie only under section 658d(a)(1) of this 
                        title and as if the requirement of section 
                        658d(a)(1) of this title had not been met.
            (b) Federal private sector mandates in reported bills and 
                joint resolutions
                For each bill or joint resolution of a public character 
            reported by any committee of authorization of the Senate or 
            the House of Representatives, the Director of the 
            Congressional Budget Office shall prepare and submit to the 
            committee a statement as follows:
                            (1) Contents

                                If the Director estimates that the 
                            direct cost of an Federal private sector 
                            mandates in the bill or joint resolution 
                            will equal or exceed $100,000,000 (adjusted 
                            annually for inflation) in the fiscal year 
                            in which any Federal private sector mandate 
                            in the bill or joint resolution (or in any 
                            necessary implementing regulation) would 
                            first be effective or in any of the 4 fiscal 
                            years following such fiscal year, the 
                            Director shall so state, specify the 
                            estimate, and briefly explain the basis of 
                            the estimate.

                            (2) Estimates

                                Estimates required under paragraph (1) 
                            shall include estimates (and a brief 
                            explanation of the basis of the estimates) 
                            of--

                                        (A) the total amount of direct 
                                    costs of complying with the Federal 
                                    private sector mandates in the bill 
                                    or joint resolution; and

                                        (B) the amount, if any, of 
                                    increase in authorization of 
                                    appropriations under existing 
                                    Federal financial assistance 
                                    programs, or of authorization of 
                                    appropriations for new Federal 
                                    financial assistance, provided by 
                                    the bill or joint resolution usable 
                                    by the private sector for the 
                                    activities subject to the Federal 
                                    private sector mandates.

                            (3) Estimate not feasible

                                If the Director determines that it is 
                            not feasible to make a reasonable estimate 
                            that would be required under paragraphs (1) 
                            and (2), the Director shall not make the 
                            estimate, but shall report in the statement 
                            that the reasonable estimate cannot be made 
                            and shall include the reasons for that 
                            determination in the statement.

            (c) Legislation failing below the direct costs thresholds
                If the Director estimates that the direct costs of a 
            Federal mandate will not equal or exceed the thresholds 
            specified in subsections (a) and (b) of this section, the 
            Director shall so state and shall briefly explain the basis 
            of the estimate.
            (d) Amended bills and joint resolutions; conference reports
                If a bill or joint resolution is passed in an amended 
            form (including if passed by one House as an amendment in 
            the nature of a substitute for the text of a bill or joint 
            resolution from the other House) or is reported by a 
            committee of conference in amended form, and the amended 
            form contains a Federal mandate not previously considered by 
            either House or which contains an increase in the direct 
            cost of a previously considered Federal mandate, then the 
            committee of conference shall ensure, to the greatest extent 
            practicable, that the Director shall prepare a statement as 
            provided in this subsection or a supplemental statement for 
            the bill or joint resolution in that amended form. (Pub. L. 
            93-344, Title IV, Sec. 424, as added Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, 
            Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 55; amended Pub. L. 
            106-41, Sec. 2(b) Dec. 7, 1999, 113 Stat. 1699.)
399.39-21d  Sec. 658d. Legislation subject to point of order.
            (a) In general
                It shall not be in order in the Senate or the House of 
            Representatives to consider--
                            (1) any bill or joint resolution that is 
                        reported by a committee unless the committee has 
                        published a statement of the Director on the 
                        direct costs of Federal mandates in accordance 
                        with section 658b(f) of this title before such 
                        consideration, except this paragraph shall not 
                        apply to any supplemental statement prepared by 
                        the Director under section 658c(d) of this 
                        title; and
                            (2) any bill, joint resolution, amendment, 
                        motion, or conference report that would increase 
                        the direct costs of Federal intergovernmental 
                        mandates by an amount that causes the thresholds 
                        specified in section 658c(a)(1) of this title to 
                        be exceeded, unless--

                                (A) the bill, joint resolution, 
                            amendment, motion, or conference report 
                            provides new budget authority or new 
                            entitlement authority in the House of 
                            Representatives or direct spending authority 
                            in the Senate for each fiscal year for such 
                            mandates included in the bill, joint 
                            resolution, amendment, motion, or conference 
                            report in an amount equal to or exceeding 
                            the direct costs of such mandate; or

                                (B) the bill, joint resolution, 
                            amendment, motion, or conference report 
                            includes an authorization for appropriations 
                            in an amount equal to or exceeding the 
                            direct costs of such mandate, and--

                                        (i) identifies a specific dollar 
                                    amount of the direct costs of such 
                                    mandate for each year up to 10 years 
                                    during which such mandate shall be 
                                    in effect under the bill, joint 
                                    resolution, amendment, motion or 
                                    conference report, and such estimate 
                                    is consistent with the estimate 
                                    determined under subsection (e) of 
                                    this section for each fiscal year;

                                        (ii) identifies any 
                                    appropriation bill that is expected 
                                    to provide for Federal funding of 
                                    the direct cost referred to under 
                                    clause (i); and

                                        (iii)(I) provides that for any 
                                    fiscal year the responsible Federal 
                                    agency shall determine whether there 
                                    are insufficient appropriations for 
                                    that fiscal year to provide for the 
                                    direct costs under clause (i) of 
                                    such mandate, and shall (no later 
                                    than 30 days after the beginning of 
                                    the fiscal year) notify the 
                                    appropriate authorizing committees 
                                    of Congress of the determination and 
                                    submit either--

                                                (aa) a statement that 
                                            the agency has determined, 
                                            based on a re-estimate of 
                                            the direct costs of such 
                                            mandate, after consultation 
                                            with State, local, and 
                                            tribal governments, that the 
                                            amount appropriated is 
                                            sufficient to pay for the 
                                            direct costs of such 
                                            mandate; or
                                                (bb) legislative 
                                            recommendations for either 
                                            implementing a less costly 
                                            mandate or making such 
                                            mandate ineffective for the 
                                            fiscal year;

                                        (II) provides for expedited 
                                    procedures for the consideration of 
                                    the statement or legislative 
                                    recommendations referred to in 
                                    subclause (I) by Congress no later 
                                    than 30 days after the statement or 
                                    recommendations are submitted to 
                                    Congress; and

                                        (III) provides that such mandate 
                                    shall--

                                                (aa) in the case of a 
                                            statement referred to in 
                                            subclause (I)(aa), cease to 
                                            be effective 60 days after 
                                            the statement is submitted 
                                            unless Congress has approved 
                                            the agency's determination 
                                            by joint resolution during 
                                            the 60-day period;
                                                (bb) cease to be 
                                            effective 60 days after the 
                                            date the legislative 
                                            recommendations of the 
                                            responsible Federal agency 
                                            are submitted to Congress 
                                            under subclause (I)(bb) 
                                            unless Congress provides 
                                            otherwise by law; or
                                                (cc) in the case that 
                                            such mandate that has not 
                                            yet taken effect, continue 
                                            not to be effective unless 
                                            Congress provides otherwise 
                                            by law.
            (b) Rule of construction
                The provisions of subsection (a)(2)(B)(iii) of this 
            section shall not be construed to prohibit or otherwise 
            restrict a State, local, or tribal government from 
            voluntarily electing to remain subject to the original 
            Federal intergovernmental mandate, complying with the 
            programmatic or financial responsibilities of the original 
            Federal intergovernmental mandate and providing the funding 
            necessary consistent with the costs of Federal agency 
            assistance, monitoring, and enforcement.
            (c) Committee on Appropriations
                (1) Application
                            The provisions of subsection (a) of 
                        section--

                                (A) shall not apply to any bill or 
                            resolution reported by the Committee on 
                            Appropriations of the Senate or the House of 
                            Representatives; except

                                (B) shall apply to--

                                        (i) any legislative provision 
                                    increasing direct costs of a Federal 
                                    intergovernmental mandate contained 
                                    in any bill or resolution reported 
                                    by the Committee on Appropriations 
                                    of the Senate or House of 
                                    Representatives;

                                        (ii) any legislative provision 
                                    increasing direct costs of a Federal 
                                    intergovernmental mandate contained 
                                    in any amendment offered to a bill 
                                    or resolution reported by the 
                                    Committee on Appropriations of the 
                                    Senate or House of Representatives;

                                        (iii) any legislative provision 
                                    increasing direct costs of a Federal 
                                    intergovernmental mandate in a 
                                    conference report accompanying a 
                                    bill or resolution reported by the 
                                    Committee on Appropriations of the 
                                    Senate or House of Representatives; 
                                    and

                                        (iv) any legislative provision 
                                    increasing direct costs of a Federal 
                                    intergovernmental mandate contained 
                                    in any amendments in disagreement 
                                    between the two Houses to any bill 
                                    or resolution reported by the 
                                    Committee on Appropriations in the 
                                    Senate or House of Representatives.

                (2) Certain provisions stricken in Senate.
                            Upon a point of order being made by any 
                        Senator against any provision listed in 
                        paragraph (1)(B), and the point of order being 
                        sustained by the Chair, such specific provision 
                        shall be deemed stricken from the bill, 
                        resolution, amendment, amendment in 
                        disagreement, or conference report and may not 
                        be offered as an amendment from the floor.
            (d) Determinations of applicability to pending legislation
                For purposes of this section, in the Senate, the 
            presiding officer of the Senate shall consult with the 
            Committee on Governmental Affairs, to the extent 
            practicable, on questions concerning the applicability of 
            this part to a pending bill, joint resolution, amendment, 
            motion, or conference report.
            (e) Determinations of Federal mandate levels
                For purposes of this section, in the Senate, the levels 
            of Federal mandates for a fiscal year shall be determined 
            based on the estimates made by the Committee on the Budget. 
            (Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, Sec. 425, as added Pub. L. 104-4, 
            Title I, Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 56.)
399.39-21e  Sec. 658e. Provisions relating to the House of 
                Representatives.
            (a) Enforcement in the House of Representatives
                It shall not be in order in the House of Representatives 
            to consider a rule or order that waives the application of 
            section 658d of this title.
            (b) Disposition of points of order
                (1) Application to the House of Representatives
                            This subsection shall apply only to the 
                        House of Representatives.
                (2) Threshold burden
                            In order to be cognizable by the Chair, a 
                        point of order under section 658d of this title 
                        or subsection (a) of this section must specify 
                        the precise language on which it is premised.
                (3) Question of consideration
                            As disposition of points of order under 
                        section 658d of this title or subsection (a) of 
                        this section, the Chair shall put the question 
                        of consideration with respect to the proposition 
                        that is the subject of the points of order.
                (4) Debate and intervening motions
                            A question of consideration under this 
                        section shall be debatable for 10 minutes by 
                        each Member initiating a point of order and for 
                        10 minutes by an opponent on each point of 
                        order, but shall otherwise be decided without 
                        intervening motion except one that the House 
                        adjourn or that the Committee of the Whole rise, 
                        as the case may be.
                (5) Effect on amendment in order as original text
                            The disposition of the question of 
                        consideration under this subsection with respect 
                        to a bill or joint resolution shall be 
                        considered also to determine the question of 
                        consideration under this subsection with respect 
                        to an amendment made in order as original text. 
                        (Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, Sec. 426, as added 
                        Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22, 
                        1995, 109 Stat. 59.)
399.39-21f  Sec. 658f. Requests to the Congressional Budget Office from 
                Senators.
                At the written request of a Senator, the Director shall, 
            to the extent practicable, prepare an estimate of the direct 
            costs of a Federal intergovernmental mandate contained in an 
            amendment of such Senator. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, 
            Sec. 427, as added Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, Sec. 101(a)(2), 
            Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 59.)
399.39-21g  Sec. 658g. Clarification of application.
            (a) In general
                This part applies to any bill, joint resolution, 
            amendment, motion, or conference report that reauthorizes 
            appropriations, or that amends existing authorizations of 
            appropriations, to carry out any statute, or that otherwise 
            amends any statute, only if enactment of the bill, joint 
            resolution, amendment, motion, or conference report--
                            (1) would result in a net reduction in or 
                        elimination of authorization of appropriations 
                        for Federal financial assistance that would be 
                        provided to State, local, or tribal governments 
                        for use for the purpose of complying with any 
                        Federal intergovernmental mandate, or to the 
                        private sector for use to comply with any 
                        Federal private sector mandate, and would not 
                        eliminate or reduce duties established by the 
                        Federal mandate by a corresponding amount; or
                            (2) would result in a net increase in the 
                        aggregate amount of direct costs of Federal 
                        intergovernmental mandates or Federal private 
                        sector mandates other than as described in 
                        paragraph (1).
            (b) Direct costs
                (1) In general
                            For purposes of this part, the direct cost 
                        of the Federal mandates in a bill, joint 
                        resolution, amendment, motion, or conference 
                        report that reauthorizes appropriations, or that 
                        amends existing authorizations of 
                        appropriations, to carry out a statute, or that 
                        otherwise amends any statute, means the net 
                        increase, resulting from enactment of the bill, 
                        joint resolution, amendment, motion, or 
                        conference report, in the amount described under 
                        paragraph (2)(A) over the amount described under 
                        paragraph (2)(B).
                (2) Amounts
                            The amounts referred to under paragraph (1) 
                        are--

                                (A) the aggregate amount of direct costs 
                            of Federal mandates that would result under 
                            the statute if the bill, joint resolution, 
                            amendment, motion, or conference report is 
                            enacted; and

                                (B) the aggregate amount of direct costs 
                            of Federal mandates that would result under 
                            the statute if the bill, joint resolution, 
                            amendment, motion, or conference report were 
                            not enacted.

                (3) Extension of authorization of appropriations
                            For purposes of this section, in the case of 
                        legislation to extend authorization of 
                        appropriations, the authorization level that 
                        would be provided by the extension shall be 
                        compared to the authorization level for the last 
                        year in which authorization of appropriations is 
                        already provided. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, 
                        Sec. 428, as added Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, 
                        Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 59.)
            
                           Subchapter III.--Credit Reform

  399.39-22  Sec. 661. Purposes.
                The purposes of this subchapter are to--
                            (1) measure more accurately the costs of 
                        Federal credit programs;
                            (2) place the cost of credit programs on a 
                        budgetary basis equivalent to other Federal 
                        spending;
                            (3) encourage the delivery of benefits in 
                        the form most appropriate to the needs of 
                        beneficiaries; and
                            (4) improve the allocation of resources 
                        among credit programs and between credit and 
                        other spending programs. (Pub L. 93-344, Title 
                        V, Sec. 501, as added Pub. L. 101-508, Title 
                        XIII, Sec. 13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 
                        1388-610.)
399.39-22a  Sec. 661a. Definitions.
                For purposes of this subchapter--
                            (1) The term ``direct loan'' means a 
                        disbursement of funds by the Government to a 
                        non-Federal borrower under a contract that 
                        requires the repayment of such funds with or 
                        without interest. The term includes the purchase 
                        of, or participation in, a loan made by another 
                        lender and financing arrangements that defer 
                        payment for more than 90 days, including the 
                        sale of a government asset on credit terms. The 
                        term does not include the acquisition of a 
                        federally guaranteed loan in satisfaction of 
                        default claims or the price support loans of the 
                        Commodity Credit Corporation.
                            (2) The term ``direct loan obligation'' 
                        means a binding agreement by a Federal agency to 
                        make a direct loan when specified conditions are 
                        fulfilled by the borrower.
                            (3) The term ``loan guarantee'' means any 
                        guarantee, insurance, or other pledge with 
                        respect to the payment of all or a part of the 
                        principal or interest on any debt obligation of 
                        a non-Federal borrower to a non-Federal lender, 
                        but does not include the insurance of deposits, 
                        shares, or other withdrawable accounts in 
                        financial institutions.
                            (4) The term ``loan guarantee commitment'' 
                        means a binding agreement by a Federal agency to 
                        make a loan guarantee when specified conditions 
                        are fulfilled by the borrower, the lender, or 
                        any other party to the guarantee agreement.
                            (5)(A) The term ``cost'' means the estimated 
                        long-term cost to the Government of a direct 
                        loan or loan guarantee or modification thereof, 
                        calculated on a net present basis, excluding 
                        administrative costs and any incidental effects 
                        on governmental receipts or outlays.
                            (B) The cost of a direct loan shall be the 
                        net present value, at the time when the direct 
                        loan is disbursed, of the following estimated 
                        cash flows:

                                (i) loan disbursements;

                                (ii) repayments of principal; and

                                (iii) payments of interest and other 
                            payments by or to the Government over the 
                            life of the loan after adjusting for 
                            estimated defaults, prepayments, fees, 
                            penalties, and other recoveries;

            including the effects of changes in loan terms resulting 
            from the exercise by the borrower of an option included in 
            the loan contract.

                            (C) The cost of a loan guarantee shall be 
                        the net present value, at the time when the 
                        guaranteed loan is disbursed, of the following 
                        estimated cash flows:

                                (i) payments by the Government to cover 
                            defaults and delinquencies, interest 
                            subsidies, or other payments; and

                                (ii) payments to the Government 
                            including origination and other fees, 
                            penalties and recoveries;

            including the effects of changes in loan terms resulting 
            from the exercise by the guaranteed lender of an option 
            included in the loan guarantee contract, or by the borrower 
            of an option included in the guaranteed loan contract.

                            (D) The cost of a modification is the 
                        difference between the current estimate of the 
                        net present value of the remaining cash flows 
                        under the terms of a direct loan or loan 
                        guarantee contract, and the current estimate of 
                        the net present value of the remaining cash 
                        flows under the terms of the contract, as 
                        modified.
                            (E) In estimating net present values, the 
                        discount rate shall be the average interest rate 
                        on marketable Treasury securities of similar 
                        maturity to the cash flows of the direct loan or 
                        loan guarantee for which the estimate is being 
                        made.
                            (F) When funds are obligated for a direct 
                        loan or loan guarantee, the estimated cost shall 
                        be based on the current assumptions, adjusted to 
                        incorporate the terms of the loan contract, for 
                        the fiscal year in which the funds are 
                        obligated.
                            (6) The term ``credit program account'' 
                        means the budget account into which an 
                        appropriation to cover the cost of a direct loan 
                        or loan guarantee program is made and from which 
                        such cost is disbursed to the financing account.
                            (7) The term ``financing account'' means the 
                        non-budget account or accounts associated with 
                        each credit program account which holds 
                        balances, receives the cost payment from the 
                        credit program account, and also includes all 
                        other cash flows to and from the Government 
                        resulting from direct loan obligations or loan 
                        guarantee commitments made on or after October 
                        1, 1991.
                            (8) The term ``liquidating account'' means 
                        the budget account that includes all cash flows 
                        to and from the Government resulting from direct 
                        loan obligations or loan guarantee commitments 
                        made prior to October 1, 1991.
                These accounts shall be shown in the budget on a cash 
            basis.
                            (9) The term ``modification'' means any 
                        Government action that alters the estimated cost 
                        of an outstanding direct loan (or direct loan 
                        obligation) or an outstanding loan guarantee (or 
                        loan guarantee commitment) from the current 
                        estimate of cash flows. This includes the sale 
                        of loan assets, with or without recourse, and 
                        the purchase of guaranteed loans. This also 
                        includes any action resulting from new 
                        legislation, or from the exercise of 
                        administrative discretion under existing law, 
                        that directly or indirectly alters the estimated 
                        cost of outstanding direct loans (or direct loan 
                        obligations) or loan guarantees (or loan 
                        guarantee commitments) such as a change in 
                        collection procedures.
                            (10) The term ``current'' has the same 
                        meaning as in section 900(c)(9) of this title.
                            (11) The term ``Director'' means the 
                        Director of the Office of Management and Budget. 
                        (Pub. L. 93-344, Title V, Sec. 502, as added 
                        Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13201(a), Nov. 
                        5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-610, and amended Pub. L. 
                        105-33, Title X, Sec. 10117(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 
                        111 Stat. 692.)
399.39-22b  Sec. 661b. OMB and CBO analysis, coordination, and review.
            (a) In general
                For the executive branch, the Director shall be 
            responsible for coordinating the estimates required by this 
            subchapter. The Director shall consult with the agencies 
            that administer direct loan or loan guarantee programs.
            (b) Delegation
                The Director may delegate to agencies authority to make 
            estimates of costs. The delegation of authority shall be 
            based upon written guidelines, regulations, or criteria 
            consistent with the definitions in this subchapter.
            (c) Coordination with the Congressional Budget Office
                In developing estimation guidelines, regulations, or 
            criteria to be used by Federal agencies, the Director shall 
            consult with the Director of the Congressional Budget 
            Office.
            (d) Improving cost estimates
                The Director and the Director of the Congressional 
            Budget Office shall coordinate the development of more 
            accurate data on historical performance of direct loan and 
            loan guarantee programs. They shall annually review the 
            performance of outstanding direct loans and loan guarantees 
            to improve estimates of costs. The Office of Management and 
            Budget and the Congressional Budget Office shall have access 
            to all agency data that may facilitate the development and 
            improvement of estimates of costs.
            (e) Historical credit program costs
                The Director shall review, to the extent possible, 
            historical data and develop the best possible estimates of 
            adjustments that would convert aggregate historical budget 
            data to credit reform accounting.
            (f) Administrative costs
                The Director and the Director of the Congressional 
            Budget Office shall each analyze and report to Congress on 
            differences in long-term administrative costs for credit 
            programs versus grant programs by January 31, 1992. Their 
            reports shall recommend to Congress any changes, if 
            necessary, in the treatment of administrative costs under 
            credit reform accounting. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title V, 
            Sec. 503, as added Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-611.)
399.39-22c  Sec. 661c. Budgetary treatment.
            (a) President's budget
                Beginning with fiscal year 1992, the President's budget 
            shall reflect the costs of direct loan and loan guarantee 
            programs. The budget shall also include the planned level of 
            new direct loan obligations or loan guarantee commitments 
            associated with each appropriations request.
            (b) Appropriations required
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, new direct 
            loan obligations may be incurred and new loan guarantee 
            commitments may be made for fiscal year 1992 and thereafter 
            only to the extent that--
                            (1) new budget authority to cover their 
                        costs is provided in advance in an 
                        appropriations Act;
                            (2) a limitation on the use of funds 
                        otherwise available for the cost of a direct 
                        loan or loan guarantee program has been provided 
                        in advance in an appropriations Act; or
                            (3) authority is otherwise provided in 
                        appropriation Acts.
            (c) Exemption for mandatory programs
                Subsections (b) and (e) of this section shall not apply 
            to a direct loan or loan guarantee program that--
                            (1) constitutes an entitlement (such as the 
                        guaranteed student loan program or the veterans' 
                        home loan guaranty program); or
                            (2) all existing credit programs of the 
                        Commodity Credit Corporation on November 5, 
                        1990.
            (d) Budget accounting
                (1) The authority to incur new direct loan obligations, 
            make new loan guarantee commitments, or modify outstanding 
            direct loans (or direct loan obligations) or loan guarantees 
            (or loan guarantee commitments) shall constitute new budget 
            authority in an amount equal to the cost of the direct loan 
            or loan guarantee in the fiscal year in which definite 
            authority becomes available or indefinite authority is used. 
            Such budget authority shall constitute an obligation of the 
            credit program account to pay to the financing account.
                (2) The outlays resulting from new budget authority for 
            the cost of direct loans or loan guarantees described in 
            paragraph (1) shall be paid from the credit program account 
            into the financing account and recorded in the fiscal year 
            in which the direct loan or the guaranteed loan is disbursed 
            or its costs altered.
                (3) All collections and payments of the financing 
            accounts shall be a means of financing.
            (e) Modifications
                An outstanding direct loan (or direct loan obligation) 
            or loan guarantee (or loan guarantee commitment) shall not 
            be modified in a manner that increases its costs unless 
            budget authority for the additional cost has been provided 
            in advance in an appropriations Act.
            (f) Reestimates
                When the estimated cost for a group of direct loans or 
            loan guarantees for a given credit program made in a single 
            fiscal year is reestimated in a subsequent year, the 
            difference between the reestimated cost and the previous 
            cost estimate shall be displayed as a distinct and 
            separately identified subaccount in the credit program 
            account as a change in program costs and a change in net 
            interest. There is hereby provided permanent indefinite 
            authority for these reestimates.
            (g) Administrative expenses
                All funding for an agency's administration of a direct 
            loan or loan guarantee program shall be displayed as 
            distinct and separately identified subaccounts within the 
            same budget account as the program's cost. (Pub. L. 93-344, 
            Title V, Sec. 504, as added Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-612, and amended 
            Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10117(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 
            Stat. 693.)
399.39-22d  Sec. 661d. Authorizations.
            (a) Authorization of appropriations for costs
                There are authorized to be appropriated to each Federal 
            agency authorized to make direct loan obligations or loan 
            guarantee commitments, such sums as may be necessary to pay 
            the cost associated with such direct loan obligations or 
            loan guarantee commitments.
            (b) Authorization for financing accounts
                In order to implement the accounting required by this 
            subchapter, the President is authorized to establish such 
            non-budgetary accounts as may be appropriate.
            (c) Treasury transactions with the financing accounts
                The Secretary of the Treasury shall borrow from, receive 
            from, lend to, or pay to the financing accounts such amounts 
            as may be appropriate. The Secretary of the Treasury may 
            prescribe forms and denominations, maturities, and terms and 
            conditions for the transactions described above, except that 
            the rate of interest charged by the Secretary on lending to 
            financing accounts (including amounts treated as lending to 
            financing accounts by the Federal Financing Bank 
            (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the ``Bank'') 
            pursuant to section 655(b) of this title) and the rate of 
            interest paid to financing accounts on uninvested balances 
            in financing accounts shall be the same as the rate 
            determined pursuant to section 661a(5)(E) of this title. For 
            guaranteed loans financed by the Bank and treated as direct 
            loans by a Federal agency pursuant to section 655(b) of this 
            title, any fee or interest surcharge (the amount by which 
            the interest rate charged exceeds the rate determined 
            pursuant to section 661a(5)(E) of this title) that the Bank 
            charges to a private borrower pursuant to section 6(c) of 
            the Federal Financing Bank Act of 1973 shall be considered a 
            cash flow to the Government for the purposes of determining 
            the cost of the direct loan pursuant to section 661a(5) of 
            this title. All such amounts shall be credited to the 
            appropriate financing account. The Bank is authorized to 
            require reimbursement from a Federal agency to cover the 
            administrative expenses of the Bank that are attributable to 
            the direct loans financed for that agency. All such payments 
            by an agency shall be considered administrative expenses 
            subject to section 661c(g) of this title. This subsection 
            shall apply to transactions related to direct loan 
            obligations or loan guarantee commitments made on or after 
            October 1, 1991. The authorities described above shall not 
            be construed to supersede or override the authority of the 
            head of a Federal agency to administer and operate a direct 
            loan or loan guarantee program. All of the transactions 
            provided in this subsection shall be subject to the 
            provisions of subchapter II of chapter 15 of title 31 [31 
            U.S.C. 1511 et seq.]. Cash balances of the financing 
            accounts in excess of current requirements shall be 
            maintained in a form of uninvested funds and the Secretary 
            of the Treasury shall pay interest on these funds.
            (d) Authorization for liquidating accounts
                (1) Amounts in liquidating accounts shall be available 
            only for payments resulting from direct loan obligations or 
            loan guarantee commitments made prior to October 1, 1991, 
            for--
                            (A) interest payments and principal 
                        repayments to the Treasury or the Federal 
                        Financing Bank for amounts borrowed;
                            (B) disbursements of loans;
                            (C) default and other guarantee claim 
                        payments;
                            (D) interest supplement payments;
                            (E) payments for the costs of foreclosing, 
                        managing, and selling collateral that are 
                        capitalized or routinely deducted from the 
                        proceeds of sales;
                            (F) payments to financing accounts when 
                        required for modifications;
                            (G) administrative expenses, if--

                                (i) amounts credited to the liquidating 
                            account would have been available for 
                            administrative expenses under a provision of 
                            law in effect prior to October 1, 1991; and

                                (ii) no direct loan obligation or loan 
                            guarantee commitment has been made, or any 
                            modification of a direct loan or loan 
                            guarantee has been made, since September 30, 
                            1991; or

                            (H) such other payments as are necessary for 
                        the liquidation of such direct loan obligations 
                        and loan guarantee commitments.
                (2) Amounts credited to liquidating accounts in any year 
            shall be available only for payments required in that year. 
            Any unobligated balances in liquidating accounts at the end 
            of a fiscal year shall be transferred to miscellaneous 
            receipts as soon as practicable after the end of the fiscal 
            year.
                (3) If funds in liquidating accounts are insufficient to 
            satisfy obligations and commitments of such accounts, there 
            is hereby provided permanent, indefinite authority to make 
            any payments required to be made on such obligations and 
            commitments.
            (e) Authorization of appropriations for implementation 
                expenses
                There are authorized to be appropriated to existing 
            accounts such sums as may be necessary for salaries and 
            expenses to carry out the responsibilities under this 
            subchapter.
            (f) Reinsurance
                Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed as 
            authorizing or requiring the purchase of insurance or 
            reinsurance on a direct loan or loan guarantee from private 
            insurers. If any such reinsurance for a direct loan or loan 
            guarantee is authorized, the cost of such insurance and any 
            recoveries to the Government shall be included in the 
            calculation of the cost.
            (g) Eligibility and assistance
                Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to change 
            the authority or the responsibility of a Federal agency to 
            determine the terms and conditions of eligibility for, or 
            the amount of assistance provided by a direct loan or a loan 
            guarantee. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title V, Sec. 505, as added Pub. 
            L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 
            Stat. 1388-613, and amended Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, 
            Sec. 10117(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 694.)
399.39-22e  Sec. 661e. Treatment of deposit insurance and agencies and 
                other insurance programs.
            (a) ln general
                This subchapter shall not apply to the credit or 
            insurance activities of the Federal Deposit Insurance 
            Corporation, National Credit Union Administration, 
            Resolution Trust Corporation, Pension Benefit Guaranty 
            Corporation, National Flood Insurance, National Insurance 
            Development Fund, Crop Insurance, or Tennessee Valley 
            Authority.
            (b) Study
                The Director and the Director of the Congressional 
            Budget Office shall each study whether the accounting for 
            Federal deposit insurance programs should be on a cash basis 
            on the same basis as loan guarantees, or on a different 
            basis. Each Director shall report findings and 
            recommendations to the President and the Congress on or 
            before May 31, 1991.
            (c) Access to data
                For the purposes of subsection (b) of this section, the 
            Office of Management and Budget and the Congressional Budget 
            Office shall have access to all agency data that may 
            facilitate these studies. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title V, 
            Sec. 506, as added Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-614, and amended 
            Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10117(d), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 
            Stat. 695.)
399.39-22f  Sec. 661f. Effect on other laws.
            (a) Effect on other laws
                This subchapter shall supersede, modify, or repeal any 
            provision of law enacted prior to November 5, 1990 to the 
            extent such provision is inconsistent with this subchapter. 
            Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to establish a 
            credit limitation on any Federal loan or loan guarantee 
            program.
            (b) Crediting of collections
                Collections resulting from direct loans obligated or 
            loan guarantees committed prior to October 1, 1991, shall be 
            credited to the liquidating accounts of Federal agencies. 
            Amounts so credited shall be available, to the same extent 
            that they were available prior to November 5, 1990, to 
            liquidate obligations arising from such direct loans 
            obligated or loan guarantees committed prior to October 1, 
            1991, including repayment of any obligations held by the 
            Secretary of the Treasury or the Federal Financing Bank. The 
            unobligated balances of such accounts that are in excess of 
            current needs shall be transferred to the general fund of 
            the Treasury. Such transfers shall be made from time to time 
            but, at least once each year. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title V, 
            Sec. 507, as added Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-614.)
            
               Subchapter IV.--Budget Agreement Enforcement Provisions

  399.39-23  Sec. 665. Repealed. Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10118(a), 
                Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 695.

  

399.39-23a  Sec. 665a. Repealed. Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10118(a), 
                Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 695.

  

399.39-23b  Sec. 665b. Repealed. Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10118(a), 
                Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 695.

  

399.39-23c  Sec. 665c. Repealed. Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10118(a), 
                Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 695.

  

399.39-23d  Sec. 665d. Repealed. Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10118(a), 
                Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 695.

  

399.39-23e  Sec. 665e. Repealed. Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10118(a), 
                Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 695.
            
                Chapter 17B.--IMPOUNDMENT CONTROL AND LINE ITEM VETO

  399.99-24  Sec. 681. Disclaimer.
                Nothing contained in this Act, or in any amendments made 
            by this Act, shall be construed as--
                            (1) asserting or conceding the 
                        constitutional powers or limitations of either 
                        the Congress or the President;
                            (2) ratifying or approving any impoundment 
                        heretofore or hereafter executed or approved by 
                        the President or any other Federal officer or 
                        employee, except insofar as pursuant to 
                        statutory authorization then in effect;
                            (3) affecting in any way the claims or 
                        defenses of any party to litigation concerning 
                        any impoundment; or
                            (4) superseding any provision of law which 
                        requires the obligation of budget authority or 
                        the making of outlays thereunder. (Pub. L. 93-
                        344, Title X, Sec. 1001, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 
                        332.)
399.39-24a  Sec. 682. Definitions.
                For purposes of sections 682 to 688 of this title--
                            (1) ``deferral of budget authority'' 
                        includes--

                                (A) withholding or delaying the 
                            obligation or expenditure of budget 
                            authority (whether by establishing reserves 
                            or otherwise) provided for projects or 
                            activities; or

                                (B) any other type of Executive action 
                            or inaction which effectively precludes the 
                            obligation or expenditure of budget 
                            authority, including authority to obligate 
                            by contract in advance of appropriations as 
                            specifically authorized by law;

                            (2) ``Comptroller General'' means the 
                        Comptroller General of the United States;
                            (3) ``rescission bill'' means a bill or 
                        joint resolution which only rescinds, in whole 
                        or in part, budget authority proposed to be 
                        rescinded in a special message transmitted by 
                        the President under section 683 of this title, 
                        and upon which the Congress completes action 
                        before the end of the first period of 45 
                        calendar days of continuous session of the 
                        Congress after the date on which the President's 
                        message is received by the Congress;
                            (4) ``impoundment resolution'' means a 
                        resolution of the House of Representatives or 
                        the Senate which only expresses its disapproval 
                        of a proposed deferral of budget authority set 
                        forth in a special message transmitted by the 
                        President under section 684 of this title; and
                            (5) continuity of a session of the Congress 
                        shall be considered as broken only by an 
                        adjournment of the Congress sine die, and the 
                        days on which either House is not in session 
                        because of an adjournment of more than 3 days to 
                        a day certain shall be excluded in the 
                        computation of the 45-day period referred to in 
                        paragraph (3) of this section and in section 683 
                        of this title, and the 25-day periods referred 
                        to in sections 687 and 688(b)(1) of this title. 
                        If a special message is transmitted under 
                        section 683 of this title during any Congress 
                        and the last session of such Congress adjourns 
                        sine die before the expiration of 45 calendar 
                        days of continuous session (or a special message 
                        is so transmitted after the last session of the 
                        Congress adjourns sine die), the message shall 
                        be deemed to have been retransmitted on the 
                        first day of the succeeding Congress and the 45-
                        day period referred to in paragraph (3) of this 
                        section and in section 683 of this title (with 
                        respect to such message) shall commence on the 
                        day after such first day. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title 
                        X, Sec. 1011, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 333.)
                  
            
                                           

399.39-24b  Sec. 683. Rescission of budget authority.
            (a) Transmittal of special message
                Whenever the President determines that all or part of 
            any budget authority will not be required to carry out the 
            full objectives or scope of programs for which it is 
            provided or that such budget authority should be rescinded 
            for fiscal policy or other reasons (including the 
            termination of authorized projects or activities for which 
            budget authority has been provided), or whenever all or part 
            of budget authority provided for only one fiscal year is to 
            be reserved from obligation for such fiscal year, the 
            President shall transmit to both Houses of Congress a 
            special message specifying--
                            (1) the amount of budget authority which he 
                        proposes to be rescinded or which is to be so 
                        reserved;
                            (2) any account, department, or 
                        establishment of the Government to which such 
                        budget authority is available for obligation, 
                        and the specific project or governmental 
                        functions involved;
                            (3) the reasons why the budget authority 
                        should be rescinded or is to be so reserved;
                            (4) to the maximum extent practicable, the 
                        estimated fiscal, economic, and budgetary effect 
                        of the proposed rescission or of the 
                        reservation; and
                            (5) all facts, circumstances, and 
                        considerations relating to or bearing upon the 
                        proposed rescission or the reservation and the 
                        decision to effect the proposed rescission or 
                        the reservation, and to the maximum extent 
                        practicable, the estimated effect of the 
                        proposed rescission or the reservation upon the 
                        objects, purposes, and programs for which the 
                        budget authority is provided.
            (b) Requirement to make available for obligation
                Any amount of budget authority proposed to be rescinded 
            or that is to be reserved as set forth in such special 
            message shall be made available for obligation unless, 
            within the prescribed 45-day period, the Congress has 
            completed action on a rescission bill rescinding all or part 
            of the amount proposed to be rescinded or that is to be 
            reserved. Funds made available for obligation under this 
            procedure may not be proposed for rescission again.

            (Pub. L. 93-344, Title X, Sec. 1012, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 
            333; Pub. L. 100-119, Title II, Sec. 207, Sept. 29, 1987, 
            101 Stat. 786.)

  399.39-25  Sec. 684. Proposed deferrals of budget authority.
            (a) Transmittal of special message
                Whenever the President, the Director of the Office of 
            Management and Budget, the head of any department or agency 
            of the United States, or any officer or employee of the 
            United States proposes to defer any budget authority 
            provided for a specific purpose or project, the President 
            shall transmit to the House of Representatives and the 
            Senate a special message specifying--
                            (1) the amount of the budget authority 
                        proposed to be deferred;
                            (2) any account, department, or 
                        establishment of the Government to which such 
                        budget authority is available for obligation, 
                        and the specific projects or governmental 
                        functions involved;
                            (3) the period of time during which the 
                        budget authority is proposed to be deferred;
                            (4) the reasons for the proposed deferral, 
                        including any legal authority invoked to justify 
                        the proposed deferral;
                            (5) to the maximum extent practicable, the 
                        estimated fiscal, economic, and budgetary effect 
                        of the proposed deferral; and
                            (6) all facts, circumstances, and 
                        considerations relating to or bearing upon the 
                        proposed deferral and the decision to effect the 
                        proposed deferral, including an analysis of such 
                        facts, circumstances, and considerations in 
                        terms of their application to any legal 
                        authority, including specific elements of legal 
                        authority, invoked to justify such proposed 
                        deferral, and to the maximum extent practicable, 
                        the estimated effect of the proposed deferral 
                        upon the objects, purposes, and programs for 
                        which the budget authority is provided.
                A special message may include one or more proposed 
            deferrals of budget authority. A deferral may not be 
            proposed for any period of time extending beyond the end of 
            the fiscal year in which the special message proposing the 
            deferral is transmitted to the House and the Senate.
            (b) Consistency with legislative policy
                Deferrals shall be permissible only--
                            (1) to provide for contingencies;
                            (2) to achieve savings made possible by or 
                        through changes in requirements or greater 
                        efficiency of operations; or
                            (3) as specifically provided by law.
                No officer or employee of the United States may defer 
            any budget authority for any other purpose.
            (c) Exception
                The provisions of this section do not apply to any 
            budget authority proposed to be rescinded or that is to be 
            reserved as set forth in a special message required to be 
            transmitted under section 683 of this title. (Pub. L. 93-
            344, Title X, Sec. 1013, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 334; Pub. 
            L. 100-119, Title II, Sec. 206(a), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 
            785.)
  399.39-26  Sec. 685. Transmission of messages; publication.
            (a) Delivery to House and Senate
                Each special message transmitted under section 683 or 
            684 of this title shall be transmitted to the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate on the same day, and shall be 
            delivered to the Clerk of the House of Representatives if 
            the House is not in session, and to the Secretary of the 
            Senate if the Senate is not in session. Each special message 
            so transmitted shall be referred to the appropriate 
            committee of the House of Representatives and the Senate. 
            Each such message shall be printed as a document of each 
            House.
            (b) Delivery to Comptroller General
                A copy of each special message transmitted under section 
            683 or 684 of this title, shall be transmitted to the 
            Comptroller General on the same day it is transmitted to the 
            House of Representatives and the Senate. In order to assist 
            the Congress in the exercise of its functions under section 
            683 or 684 of this title, the Comptroller General shall 
            review each such message and inform the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate as promptly as practicable 
            with respect to--
                            (1) in the case of a special message 
                        transmitted under section 683 of this title, the 
                        facts surrounding the proposed rescission or the 
                        reservation of budget authority (including the 
                        probable effects thereof); and
                            (2) in the case of a special message 
                        transmitted under section 684 of this title, (A) 
                        the facts surrounding each proposed deferral of 
                        budget authority (including the probable effects 
                        thereof) and (B) whether or not (or to what 
                        extent), in his judgment, such proposed deferral 
                        is in accordance with existing statutory 
                        authority.
            (c) Transmission of supplementary messages
                If any information contained in a special message 
            transmitted under section 683 or 684 of this title is 
            subsequently revised, the President shall transmit to both 
            Houses of Congress and the Comptroller General a 
            supplementary message stating and explaining such revision. 
            Any such supplementary message shall be delivered, referred, 
            and printed as provided in subsection (a) of this section. 
            The Comptroller General shall promptly notify the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate of any changes in the 
            information submitted by him under subsection (b) of this 
            section which may be necessitated by such revision.
            (d) Printing in Federal Register
                Any special message transmitted under section 683 or 684 
            of this title, and any supplementary message transmitted 
            under subsection (c) of this section, shall be printed in 
            the first issue of the Federal Register published after such 
            transmittal.
            (e) Cumulative reports of proposed rescissions, 
                reservations, and deferrals of budget authority
                (1) The President shall submit a report to the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate, not later than the 10th day 
            of each month during a fiscal year, listing all budget 
            authority for that fiscal year with respect to which, as of 
            the first day of such month--
                            (A) he has transmitted a special message 
                        under section 683 of this title with respect to 
                        a proposed rescission or a reservation; and
                            (B) he has transmitted a special message 
                        under section 684 of this title proposing a 
                        deferral.

            Such report shall also contain, with respect to each such 
            proposed rescission or deferral, or each such reservation, 
            the information required to be submitted in the special 
            message with respect thereto under section 683 or 684 of 
            this title.

                (2) Each report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be 
            printed in the first issue of the Federal Register published 
            after its submission. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title X, Sec. 1014, 
            July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 335.)
  399.39-27  Sec. 686. Reports by Comptroller General.
            (a) Failure to transmit special message
                If the Comptroller General finds that the President, the 
            Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the head of 
            any department or agency of the United States, or any other 
            officer or employee of the United States--
                            (1) is to establish a reserve or proposes to 
                        defer budget authority with respect to which the 
                        President is required to transmit a special 
                        message under section 683 or 684 of this title; 
                        or
                            (2) has ordered, permitted, or approved the 
                        establishment of such a reserve or a deferral of 
                        budget authority;

            and that the President has failed to transmit a special 
            message with respect to such reserve or deferral, the 
            Comptroller General shall make a report on such reserve or 
            deferral and any available information concerning it to both 
            Houses of Congress. The provisions of sections 682 to 688 of 
            this title shall apply with respect to such reserve or 
            deferral in the same manner and with the same effect as if 
            such report of the Comptroller General were a special 
            message transmitted by the President under section 683 or 
            684 of this title, and, for purposes of sections 682 to 688 
            of this title, such report shall be considered a special 
            message transmitted under section 683 or 684 of this title.

            (b) Incorrect classification of special message
                If the President has transmitted a special message to 
            both Houses of Congress in accordance with section 683 or 
            684 of this title, and the Comptroller General believes that 
            the President so transmitted the special message in 
            accordance with one of those sections when the special 
            message should have been transmitted in accordance with the 
            other of those sections, the Comptroller General shall make 
            a report to both Houses of the Congress setting forth his 
            reasons. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title X, Sec. 1015, July 12, 1974, 
            88 Stat. 336.)
  399.39-28  Sec. 687. Suits by Comptroller General.
                If, under this chapter, budget authority is required to 
            be made available for obligation and such budget authority 
            is not made available for obligation, the Comptroller 
            General is hereby expressly empowered, through attorneys of 
            his own selection, to bring a civil action in the United 
            States District Court for the District of Columbia to 
            require such budget authority to be made available for 
            obligation, and such court is hereby expressly empowered to 
            enter in such civil action, against any department, agency, 
            officer, or employee of the United States, any decree, 
            judgment, or order which may be necessary or appropriate to 
            make such budget authority available for obligation. No 
            civil action shall be brought by the Comptroller General 
            under this section until the expiration of 25 calendar days 
            of continuous session of the Congress following the date on 
            which an explanatory statement by the Comptroller General of 
            the circumstances giving rise to the action contemplated has 
            been filed with the Speaker of the House of Representatives 
            and the President of the Senate. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title X, 
            Sec. 1016, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 336; Pub. L. 98-620, 
            Title IV, Sec. 402(35), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3360; Pub. L. 
            100-119, Title II, Sec. 206(b), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 
            786.)
  399.39-29  Sec. 688. Procedure in House of Representatives and Senate.
            (a) Referral
                Any rescission bill introduced with respect to a special 
            message or impoundment resolution introduced with respect to 
            a proposed deferral of budget authority shall be referred to 
            the appropriate committee of the House of Representatives or 
            the Senate, as the case may be.
            (b) Discharge of committee
                (1) If the committee to which a rescission bill or 
            impoundment resolution has been referred has not reported it 
            at the end of 25 calendar days of continuous session of the 
            Congress after its introduction, it is in order to move 
            either to discharge the committee from further consideration 
            of the bill or resolution or to discharge the committee from 
            further consideration of any other rescission bill with 
            respect to the same special message or impoundment 
            resolution with respect to the same proposed deferral, as 
            the case may be, which has been referred to the committee.
                (2) A motion to discharge may be made only by an 
            individual favoring the bill or resolution, may be made only 
            if supported by one-fifth of the Members of the House 
            involved (a quorum being present), and is highly privileged 
            in the House and privileged in the Senate (except that it 
            may not be made after the committee has reported a bill or 
            resolution with respect to the same special message or the 
            same proposed deferral, as the case may be); and debate 
            thereon shall be limited to not more than 1 hour, the time 
            to be divided in the House equally between those favoring 
            and those opposing the bill or resolution, and to be divided 
            in the Senate equally between, and controlled by, the 
            majority leader and the minority leader or their designees. 
            An amendment to the motion is not in order, and it is not in 
            order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion is 
            agreed to or disagreed to.
            (c) Floor consideration in the House
                (1) When the committee of the House of Representatives 
            has reported, or has been discharged from further 
            consideration of, a rescission bill or impoundment 
            resolution, it shall at any time thereafter be in order 
            (even though a previous motion to the same effect has been 
            disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration of the 
            bill or resolution. The motion shall be highly privileged 
            and not debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be 
            in order, nor shall it be in order to move to reconsider the 
            vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
                (2) Debate on a rescission bill or impoundment 
            resolution shall be limited to not more than 2 hours, which 
            shall be divided equally between those favoring and those 
            opposing the bill or resolution. A motion further to limit 
            debate shall not be debatable. In the case of an impoundment 
            resolution, no amendment to, or motion to recommit, the 
            resolution shall be in order. It shall not be in order to 
            move to reconsider the vote by which a rescission bill or 
            impoundment resolution is agreed to or disagreed to.
                (3) Motions to postpone, made with respect to the 
            consideration of a rescission bill or impoundment 
            resolution, and motions to proceed to the consideration of 
            other business, shall be decided without debate.
                (4) All appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating 
            to the application of the Rules of the House of 
            Representatives to the procedure relating to any rescission 
            bill or impoundment resolution shall be decided without 
            debate.
                (5) Except to the extent specifically provided in the 
            preceding provisions of this subsection, consideration of 
            any rescission bill or impoundment resolution and amendments 
            thereto (or any conference report thereon) shall be governed 
            by the Rules of the House of Representatives applicable to 
            other bills and resolutions, amendments, and conference 
            reports in similar circumstances.
            (d) Floor consideration in the Senate
                (1) Debate in the Senate on any rescission bill or 
            impoundment resolution, and all amendments thereto (in the 
            case of a rescission bill) and debatable motions and appeals 
            in connection therewith, shall be limited to not more than 
            10 hours. The time shall be equally divided between, and 
            controlled by, the majority leader and the minority leader 
            or their designees.
                (2) Debate in the Senate on any amendment to a 
            rescission bill shall be limited to 2 hours, to be equally 
            divided between, and controlled by, the mover and the 
            manager of the bill. Debate on any amendment to an 
            amendment, to such a bill, and debate on any debatable 
            motion or appeal in connection with such a bill or an 
            impoundment resolution shall be limited to 1 hour, to be 
            equally divided between, and controlled by, the mover and 
            the manager of the bill or resolution, except that in the 
            event the manager of the bill or resolution is in favor of 
            any such amendment, motion, or appeal, the time in 
            opposition thereto, shall be controlled by the minority 
            leader or his designee. No amendment that is not germane to 
            the provisions of a rescission bill shall be received. Such 
            leaders, or either of them, may, from the time under their 
            control on the passage of a rescission bill or impoundment 
            resolution, allot additional time to any Senator during the 
            consideration of any amendment, debatable motion, or appeal.
                (3) A motion to further limit debate is not debatable. 
            In the case of a rescission bill, a motion to recommit 
            (except a motion to recommit with instructions to report 
            back within a specified number of days, not to exceed 3, not 
            counting any day on which the Senate is not in session) is 
            not in order. Debate on any such motion to recommit shall be 
            limited to one hour, to be equally divided between, and 
            controlled by, the mover and the manager of the concurrent 
            resolution. In the case of an impoundment resolution, no 
            amendment or motion to recommit is in order.
                (4) The conference report on any rescission bill shall 
            be in order in the Senate at any time after the third day 
            (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) following 
            the day on which such a conference report is reported and is 
            available to Members of the Senate. A motion to proceed to 
            the consideration of the conference report may be made even 
            though a previous motion to the same effect has been 
            disagreed to.
                (5) During the consideration in the Senate of the 
            conference report on any rescission bill, debate shall be 
            limited to 2 hours to be equally divided between, and 
            controlled by, the majority leader and minority leader or 
            their designees. Debate on any debatable motion or appeal 
            related to the conference report shall be limited to 30 
            minutes, to be equally divided between, and controlled by, 
            the mover and the manager of the conference report.
                (6) Should the conference report be defeated, debate on 
            any request for a new conference and the appointment of 
            conferees shall be limited to one hour, to be equally 
            divided between, and controlled by, the manager of the 
            conference report and the minority leader or his designee, 
            and should any motion be made to instruct the conferees 
            before the conferees are named, debate on such motion shall 
            be limited to 30 minutes, to be equally divided between, and 
            controlled by, the mover and the manager of the conference 
            report. Debate on any amendment to any such instructions 
            shall be limited to 20 minutes, to be equally divided 
            between, and controlled by, the mover and the manager of the 
            conference report. In all cases when the manager of the 
            conference report is in favor of any motion, appeal, or 
            amendment, the time in opposition shall be under the control 
            of the minority leader or his designee.
                (7) In any case in which there are amendments in 
            disagreement, time on each amendment shall be limited to 30 
            minutes, to be equally divided between, and controlled by, 
            the manager of the conference report and the minority leader 
            or his designee. No amendment that is not germane to the 
            provisions of such amendments shall be received. (Pub. L. 
            93-344, Title X, Sec. 1017, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 337.)
  399.39-30  Exercise of rulemaking powers.
                (a) The provisions of this title and of titles I, III, 
            IV, and V and the provisions of sections 701, 703, and 1017 
            are enacted by the Congress--
                            (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power 
                        of the House of Representatives and the Senate, 
                        respectively, and as such they shall be 
                        considered as part of the rules of each House, 
                        respectively, or of that House to which they 
                        specifically apply, and such rules shall 
                        supersede other rules only to the extent that 
                        they are inconsistent therewith; and
                            (2) with full recognition of the 
                        constitutional right of either House to change 
                        such rules (so far as relating to such House) at 
                        any time, in the same manner, and to the same 
                        extent as in the case of any other rule of such 
                        House.
                (b) Any provision of title III or IV may be waived or 
            suspended in the Senate by a majority vote of the Members 
            voting, a quorum being present, or by the unanimous consent 
            of the Senate.
                (c) Waivers.--
                            (1) Permanent.--Sections 305(b)(2), 
                        305(c)(4), 306, 310(d)(2), 313, 904(c), and 
                        904(d) of this Act may be waived or suspended in 
                        the Senate only by the affirmative vote of 
                        three-fifths of the Members, duly chosen and 
                        sworn.
                            (2) Temporary.--Sections 301(i), 302(c), 
                        302(f), 310(g), 311(a), 312(b), and 312(c) of 
                        this Act and sections 258(a)(4)(C), 
                        258A(b)(3)(C)(I) \1\, 258B(f)(1), 258B(h)(1), 
                        258(h)(3) \2\, 258C(a)(5), and 258C(b)(1) of the 
                        Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 
                        Act of 1985 may be waived or suspended in the 
                        Senate only by the affirmative vote of three-
                        fifths of the Members, duly chosen and sworn.
                \1\ So in law. Probably should read 
                ``258A(b)(3)(C)(i)''.
                \1\ So in law. Probably should read ``258B(h)(3)''.
                (d) Appeals.--
                            (1) Procedure.--Appeals in the Senate from 
                        the decisions of the Chair relating to any 
                        provision of title III or IV or section 1017 
                        shall, except as otherwise provided therein, be 
                        limited to 1 hour, to be equally divided 
                        between, and controlled by, the mover and the 
                        manager of the resolution, concurrent 
                        resolution, reconciliation bill, or rescission 
                        bill, as the case may be.
                            (2) Permanent.--An affirmative vote of 
                        three-fifths of the Members, duly chosen and 
                        sworn, shall be required in the Senate to 
                        sustain an appeal of the ruling of the Chair on 
                        a point of order raised under sections 
                        305(b)(2), 305(c)(4), 306, 310(d)(2), 313, 
                        904(c), and 904(d) of this Act.
                            (3) Temporary.--An affirmative vote of 
                        three-fifths of the Members, duly chosen and 
                        sworn, shall be required in the Senate to 
                        sustain an appeal of the ruling of the Chair on 
                        a point of order raised under sections 301(i), 
                        302(c), 302(f), 310(g), 311(a), 312(b), and 
                        312(c) of this Act and sections 258(a)(4)(C), 
                        258A(b)(3)(C)(I) \1\, 258B(f)(1), 258B(h)(1), 
                        258(h)(3) \2\, 258C(a)(5), and 258C(b)(1) of the 
                        Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 
                        Act of 1985.
                (e) Expiration of Certain Supermajority Voting 
            Requirements.--Subsections (c)(2) and (d)(3) shall expire on 
            September 30, 2002.



  399.39-32  Referral of matters dealing with rescissions and deferrals.
                On January 30, 1975, the Senate agreed to the following 
            resolution, which provides for the referral of matters 
            dealing with rescissions and deferrals:
                Resolved (1) That messages received pursuant to title X 
            of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act 12 
            U.S.C. 681-2 U.S.C. 688] be referred concurrently to the 
            Appropriations Committee, to the Budget Committee, and to 
            any other appropriate authorizing committee.
                (2) That bills, resolutions, and joint resolutions 
            introduced with respect to rescissions and deferrals shall 
            be referred to the Appropriations Committee, the Budget 
            Committee, and pending implementation of section 410 of the 
            Congressional Budget Impoundment Control act [should be 
            section 401, 2 U.S.C. 651] and subject to section 401(d) [2 
            U.S.C. 651(d)], to any other committee exercising 
            jurisdiction over contract and borrowing authority programs 
            as defined by section 401(c)(2) (A) and (B) [2 U.S.C. 
            651(c)(2) (A) and (B)]. The Budget Committee and such other 
            Committees shall report their views, if any, to the 
            Appropriations Committee within 20 days following referral 
            of such bills, resolutions, or joint resolutions. The Budget 
            Committee's consideration shall extend only to macroeconomic 
            implications, impact on priorities and aggregate spending 
            levels, and the legality of the President's use of the 
            deferral and rescisions mechanism under title X. The 
            Appropriations and authorizing committees shall exercise 
            their normal responsibilities over programs and priorities.
                (3) If any Committee to which a bill or resolution has 
            been referred recommends its passage, the Appropriations 
            Committee shall report that bill or resolution together with 
            its views and reports of the Budget and any appropriate 
            authorizing committees to the Senate within:
                            (A) the time remaining under the Act in the 
                        case of recisions, or
                            (B) within 20 days in the case of deferrals.
                (4) The 20 days period referred to herein means 20 
            calendar days; and for the purposes of computing the 20 
            days, recesses or adjournments of the Senate for more than 3 
            days to a day certain shall not be counted; and for recesses 
            and adjournments of more than 30 calendar days, continuous 
            duration or the sine die adjournment of a session, the 20 
            day period shall begin anew on the day following the 
            reconvening of the Senate. (S. Res. 45, 94-1, Jan 30, 1975, 
            121 Cong. Rec. 1917, amended by unanimous consent, Apr. 11, 
            1986, Cong. Rec., p. 4157, daily ed).
  399.39-33  Joint referral of legislation affecting the budget process.
                On August 4, 1977, the Senate agreed to an order 
            providing that legislation affecting the congressional 
            budget process be referred jointly to the Committee on the 
            Budget and the Committee on Governmental Affairs and that, 
            if one committee reports a jointly referred measure, the 
            other must act on the measure within 30 calendar days of 
            continuous possession or be automatically discharged from 
            further consideration of the measure:
                Legislative proposals affecting the congressional budget 
            process to which this order applies are:
                First. The functions, duties, and powers of the Budget 
            Committee--as described in title I of the . . . 
            [Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974];
                Second. The functions, duties, and powers of the 
            Congressional Budget Office--as described in title II and IV 
            of the act [2 U.S.C. 601-603; 2 U.S.C. 651-653];
                Third. The process by which Congress annually 
            establishes the appropriate levels of budget authority, 
            outlays, revenues, deficits or surpluses, and public debt--
            including subdivisions thereof. That process includes the 
            establishment of: mandatory ceilings on spending and 
            appropriations; a floor on revenues; timetables for 
            congressional action on concurrent resolutions, on the 
            reporting of authorization bills, and on the enactment of 
            appropriation bills; and enforcement mechanisms for the 
            limits and timetables, all as described in title III and IV 
            of the act [2 U.S.C. 631-641; 2 U.S.C. 651-653].
                Fourth. The limiting of backdoor spending devices--as 
            described in title IV of the act [2 U.S.C. 651-653];
                Fifth. The timetables for Presidential submission of 
            appropriations and authorization requests--as described in 
            title VI of the act [repealed, with portions being codified 
            in sections 1105, 1109, and 1110 of title 31, United States 
            Code];
                Sixth. The definitions of what constitutes impoundment--
            such as ``rescisions'' and ``deferrals,'' as provided in the 
            Impoundment Control Act, title X [2 U.S.C. 681-688];
                Seventh. The process and determination by which 
            impoundments must be reported to and considered by 
            Congress--as provided in the Impoundment Control Act, title 
            X [2 U.S.C. 681-688];
                Eighth. The mechanisms to insure Executive compliance 
            with the provisions of the Impoundment Control Act, title X 
            [2 U.S.C. 681-688]--such as GAO review and lawsuits; and
                Ninth. The provisions which affect the content or 
            determination of amounts included in or excluded from the 
            congressional budget or the calculation of such amounts, 
            including the definition of terms provided by the Budget 
            Act--as set forth in title I thereof [2 U.S.C. 622]. (By 
            unanimous consent, Aug. 4, 1977; Cong. Rec., p. S13553, 
            daily ed.)
            
                         Constitutionality of Line Item Veto

                The United States Supreme Court, in Clinton v. City of 
            New York, U.S. Dist. Col. 1998, 118 S.Ct. 2091, 141 L.Ed. 2d 
            393, found that the Line Item Veto Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104-
            130, April 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 1200, which is classified 
            generally to Subchapter III of Chapter 17B (section 691 et 
            seq.) of Title 2 was unconstitutional as a violation of the 
            Presentment Clause of the United States Constitution (USCA 
            Const. Art. I Sec. 7, cl. 2).
  399.39-34  Sec. 691. Line item veto authority.
            (a) In general
                Notwithstanding the provisions of subchapters I and II 
            of this chapter, and subject to the provisions of this 
            subchapter, the President may, with respect to any bill or 
            joint resolution that has been signed into law pursuant to 
            Article I, section 7, of the Constitution of the United 
            States, cancel in whole--
                            (1) any dollar amount of discretionary 
                        budget authority.
                            (2) any item of new direct spending; or
                            (3) any limited tax benefit;

            if the President--

                            (A) determines that such cancellation will--

                                (i) reduce the Federal budget deficit;

                                (ii) not impair any essential Government 
                            functions; and

                                (iii) not harm the national interest; 
                            and

                            (B) notifies the Congress of such 
                        cancellation by transmitting a special message, 
                        in accordance with section 691a of this title, 
                        within five calendar days (excluding Sundays) 
                        after the enactment of the law providing the 
                        dollar amount of discretionary budget authority, 
                        item of new direct spending, or limited tax 
                        benefit that was canceled.
            (b) Identification of cancellations
                In identifying dollar amounts of discretionary budget 
            authority, items of new direct spending, and limited tax 
            benefits for cancellation, the President shall--
                            (1) consider the legislative history, 
                        construction, and purposes of the law which 
                        contains such dollar amounts, items, or 
                        benefits;
                            (2) consider any specific sources of 
                        information referenced in such law or, in the 
                        absence of specific sources of information, the 
                        best available information; and
                            (3) use the definitions contained in section 
                        691e of this title in applying this part to the 
                        specific provisions of such law.
            (c) Exception for disapproval bills
                The authority granted by subsection (a) of this section 
            shall not apply to any dollar amount of discretionary budget 
            authority, item of new direct spending, or limited tax 
            benefit contained in any law that is a disapproval bill as 
            defined in section 691e of this title. (Pub. L. 93-344, 
            Title X, Sec. 1021, as added Pub. L. 104-130, Sec. 2(a), 
            Apr. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 1200.)
399.39-34a  Sec. 691a. Special messages.
            (a) In general
                For each law from which a cancellation has been made 
            under this subchapter, the President shall transmit a single 
            special message to the Congress.
            (b) Contents
                (1) The special message shall specify--
                            (A) the dollar amount of discretionary 
                        budget authority, item of new direct spending, 
                        or limited tax benefit which has been canceled, 
                        and provide a corresponding reference number for 
                        each cancellation;
                            (B) the determinations required under 
                        section 691(a) of this title, together with any 
                        supporting material;
                            (C) the reasons for the cancellation;
                            (D) to the maximum extent practicable, the 
                        estimated fiscal, economic, and budgetary effect 
                        of the cancellation;
                            (E) all facts, circumstances and 
                        considerations relating to or bearing upon the 
                        cancellation, and to the maximum extent 
                        practicable, the estimated effect of the 
                        cancellation upon the objects, purposes and 
                        programs for which the canceled authority was 
                        provided; and
                            (F) include the adjustments that will be 
                        made pursuant to section 691c of this title to 
                        the discretionary spending limits under section 
                        901(c) of this title and an evaluation of the 
                        effects of those adjustments upon the 
                        sequestration procedures of section 901 of this 
                        title.
                (2) In the case of a cancellation of any dollar amount 
            of discretionary budget authority or item of new direct 
            spending, the special message shall also include, if 
            applicable--
                            (A) any account, department, or 
                        establishment of the Government for which such 
                        budget authority was to have been available for 
                        obligation and the specific project or 
                        governmental functions involved;
                            (B) the specific States and congressional 
                        districts, if any, affected by the cancellation; 
                        and
                            (C) the total number of cancellations 
                        imposed during the current session of Congress 
                        on States and congressional districts identified 
                        in subparagraph (B).
            (c) Transmission of special messages to House and Senate
                (1) The President shall transmit to the Congress each 
            special message under this subchapter within five calendar 
            days (excluding Sundays) after enactment of the law to which 
            the cancellation applies. Each special message shall be 
            transmitted to the House of Representatives and the Senate 
            on the same calendar day. Such special message shall be 
            delivered to the Clerk of the House of Representatives if 
            the House is not in session, and to the Secretary of the 
            Senate if the Senate is not in session.
                (2) Any special message transmitted under this 
            subchapter shall be printed in the first issue of the 
            Federal Register published after such transmittal. (Pub. L. 
            93-344, Title X, Sec. 1022, as added Pub. L. 104-130, 
            Sec. 2(a), Apr. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 1201, and amended Pub. L. 
            105-33, Title X, Sec. 10121(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 
            696.)
399.39-34b  Sec. 691b. Cancellation effective unless disapproved.
            (a) In general
                The cancellation of any dollar amount of discretionary 
            budget authority, item of new direct spending, or limited 
            tax benefit shall take effect upon receipt in the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate of the special message 
            notifying the Congress of the cancellation. If a disapproval 
            bill for such special message is enacted into law, then all 
            cancellations disapproved in that law shall be null and void 
            and any such dollar amount of discretionary budget 
            authority, item of new direct spending, or limited tax 
            benefit shall be effective as of the original date provided 
            in the law to which the cancellation applied.
            (b) Commensurate reductions in discretionary budget 
                authority
                Upon the cancellation of a dollar amount of 
            discretionary budget authority under subsection (a) of this 
            section, the total appropriation for each relevant account 
            of which that dollar amount is a part shall be 
            simultaneously reduced by the dollar amount of that 
            cancellation. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title X, Sec. 1023, as added 
            Pub. L. 104-130, Sec. 2(a), Apr. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 1202.)
399.39-34c  Sec. 691c. Deficit reduction.
            (a) In general
                (1) Discretionary budget authority
                            OMB shall, for each dollar amount of 
                        discretionary budget authority and for each item 
                        of new direct spending canceled from an 
                        appropriation law under section 691(a) of this 
                        title--

                                (A) reflect the reduction that results 
                            from such cancellation in the estimates 
                            required by section 901(a)(7) of this title 
                            in accordance with that Act, including an 
                            estimate of the reduction of the budget 
                            authority and the reduction in outlays 
                            flowing from such reduction of budget 
                            authority for each outyear; and

                                (B) include a reduction to the 
                            discretionary spending limits for budget 
                            authority and outlays in accordance with the 
                            Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
                            Control Act of 1985 for each applicable 
                            fiscal year set forth in section 901(c) of 
                            this title by amounts equal to the amounts 
                            for each fiscal year estimated pursuant to 
                            subparagraph (A).

                (2) Direct spending and limited tax benefits
                            (A) OMB shall, for each item of new direct 
                        spending or limited tax benefit canceled from a 
                        law under section 691(a) of this title, estimate 
                        the deficit decrease caused by the cancellation 
                        of such item or benefit in that law and include 
                        such estimate as a separate entry in the report 
                        prepared pursuant to section 902(d) of this 
                        title.
                            (B) OMB shall not include any change in the 
                        deficit resulting from a cancellation of any 
                        item of new direct spending or limited tax 
                        benefit, or the enactment of a disapproval bill 
                        for any such cancellation, under this part in 
                        the estimates and reports required by sections 
                        902(b) and 904 of this title.
            (b) Adjustments to spending limits
                After ten calendar days (excluding Sundays) after the 
            expiration of the time period in section 691d(b)(l) of this 
            title for expedited congressional consideration of a 
            disapproval bill for a special message containing a 
            cancellation of discretionary budget authority, OMB shall 
            make the reduction included in subsection (a)(1)(B) of this 
            section as part of the next sequester report required by 
            section 904 of this title.
            (c) Exception
                Subsection (b) of this section shall not apply to a 
            cancellation if a disapproval bill or other law that 
            disapproves that cancellation is enacted into law prior to 
            10 calendar days (excluding Sundays) after the expiration of 
            the time period set forth in section 691d(b)(1) of this 
            title.
            (d) Congressional Budget Office estimates
                As soon as practicable after the President makes a 
            cancellation from a law under section 691(a) of this title, 
            the Director of the Congressional Budget Office shall 
            provide the Committees on the Budget of the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate with an estimate of the 
            reduction of the budget authority and the reduction in 
            outlays flowing from such reduction of budget authority for 
            each outyear. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title X, Sec. 1024, as added 
            Pub. L. 104-130, Sec. 2(a), Apr. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 1202, 
            and amended Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10121(b), Aug. 5, 
            1997, 111 Stat. 696.)
399.39-34d  Sec. 691d. Expedited congressional consideration of 
                disapproval bills.
            (a) Receipt and referral of special message
                Each special message transmitted under this subchapter 
            shall be referred to the Committee on the Budget and the 
            appropriate committee or committees of the Senate and the 
            Committee on the Budget and the appropriate committee or 
            committees of the House of Representatives. Each such 
            message shall be printed as a document of the House of 
            Representatives.
            (b) Time period for expedited procedures
                (1) There shall be a congressional review period of 30 
            calendar days of session, beginning on the first calendar 
            day of session after the date on which the special message 
            is received in the House of Representatives and the Senate, 
            during which the procedures contained in this section shall 
            apply to both Houses of Congress.
                (2) In the House of Representatives the procedures set 
            forth in this section shall not apply after the end of the 
            period described in paragraph (1).
                (3) If Congress adjourns at the end of a Congress prior 
            to the expiration of the period described in paragraph (1) 
            and a disapproval bill was then pending in either House of 
            Congress or a committee thereof (including a conference 
            committee of the two Houses of Congress), or was pending 
            before the President, a disapproval bill for the same 
            special message may be introduced within the first five 
            calendar days of session of the next Congress and shall be 
            treated as a disapproval bill under this subchapter, and the 
            time period described in paragraph (1) shall commence on the 
            day of introduction of that disapproval bill.
            (c) Introduction of disapproval bills
                (1) In order for a disapproval bill to be considered 
            under the procedures set forth in this section, the bill 
            must meet the definition of a disapproval bill and must be 
            introduced no later than the fifth calendar day of session 
            following the beginning of the period described in 
            subsection (b)(1) of this section.
                (2) In the case of a disapproval bill introduced in the 
            House of Representatives, such bill shall include in the 
            first blank space referred to in section 691e(6)(C) of this 
            title a list of the reference numbers for all cancellations 
            made by the President in the special message to which such 
            disapproval bill relates.
            (d) Consideration in the House of Representatives
                (1) Any committee of the House of Representatives to 
            which a disapproval bill is referred shall report it without 
            amendment, and with or without recommendation, not later 
            than the seventh calendar day of session after the date of 
            its introduction. If any committee fails to report the bill 
            within that period, it is in order to move that the House 
            discharge the committee from further consideration of the 
            bill, except that such a motion may not be made after the 
            committee has reported a disapproval bill with respect to 
            the same special message. A motion to discharge may be made 
            only by a Member favoring the bill (but only at a time or 
            place designated by the Speaker in the legislative schedule 
            of the day after the calendar day on which the Member 
            offering the motion announces to the House his intention to 
            do so and the form of the motion). The motion is highly 
            privileged. Debate thereon shall be limited to not more than 
            one hour, the time to be divided in the House equally 
            between a proponent and an opponent. The previous question 
            shall be considered as ordered on the motion to its adoption 
            without intervening motion. A motion to reconsider the vote 
            by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not 
            be in order.
                (2) After a disapproval bill is reported or a committee 
            has been discharged from further consideration, it is in 
            order to move that the House resolve into the Committee of 
            the Whole House on the State of the Union for consideration 
            of the bill. If reported and the report has been available 
            for at least one calendar day, all points of order against 
            the bill and against consideration of the bill are waived. 
            If discharged, all points of order against the bill and 
            against consideration of the bill are waived. The motion is 
            highly privileged. A motion to reconsider the vote by which 
            the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in 
            order. During consideration of the bill in the Committee of 
            the Whole, the first reading of the bill shall be dispensed 
            with. General debate shall proceed, shall be confined to the 
            bill, and shall not exceed one hour equally divided and 
            controlled by a proponent and an opponent of the bill. The 
            bill shall be considered as read for amendment under the 
            five-minute rule. Only one motion to rise shall be in order, 
            except if offered by the manager. No amendment to the bill 
            is in order, except any Member if supported by 49 other 
            Members (a quorum being present) may offer an amendment 
            striking the reference number or numbers of a cancellation 
            or cancellations from the bill. Consideration of the bill 
            for amendment shall not exceed one hour excluding time for 
            recorded votes and quorum calls. No amendment shall be 
            subject to further amendment, except pro forma amendments 
            for the purposes of debate only. At the conclusion of the 
            consideration of the bill for amendment, the Committee shall 
            rise and report the bill to the House with such amendments 
            as may have been adopted. The previous question shall be 
            considered as ordered on the bill and amendments thereto to 
            final passage without intervening motion. A motion to 
            reconsider the vote on passage of the bill shall not be in 
            order.
                (3) Appeals from decisions of the Chair regarding 
            application of the rules of the House of Representatives to 
            the procedure relating to a disapproval bill shall be 
            decided without debate.
                (4) It shall not be in order to consider under this 
            subsection more than one disapproval bill for the same 
            special message except for consideration of a similar Senate 
            bill (unless the House has already rejected a disapproval 
            bill for the same special message) or more than one motion 
            to discharge described in paragraph (1) with respect to a 
            disapproval bill for that special message.
            (e) Consideration in the Senate
                (1) Referral and reporting
                            Any disapproval bill introduced in the 
                        Senate shall be referred to the appropriate 
                        committee or committees. A committee to which a 
                        disapproval bill has been referred shall report 
                        the bill not later than the seventh day of 
                        session following the date of introduction of 
                        that bill. If any committee fails to report the 
                        bill within that period, that committee shall be 
                        automatically discharged from further 
                        consideration of the bill and the bill shall be 
                        placed on the Calendar.
                (2) Disapproval bill from House
                            When the Senate receives from the House of 
                        Representatives a disapproval bill, such bill 
                        shall not be referred to committee and shall be 
                        placed on the Calendar.
                (3) Consideration of single disapproval bill
                            After the Senate has proceeded to the 
                        consideration of a disapproval bill for a 
                        special message, then no other disapproval bill 
                        originating in that same House relating to that 
                        same message shall be subject to the procedures 
                        set forth in this subsection.
                (4) Amendments
                            (A) Amendments in order

                                The only amendments in order to a 
                            disapproval bill are--

                                        (i) an amendment that strikes 
                                    the reference number of a 
                                    cancellation from the disapproval 
                                    bill; and

                                        (ii) an amendment that only 
                                    inserts the reference number of a 
                                    cancellation included in the special 
                                    message to which the disapproval 
                                    bill relates that is not already 
                                    contained in such bill.

                            (B) Waiver or appeal

                                An affirmative vote of three-fifths of 
                            the Senators, duly chosen and sworn, shall 
                            be required in the Senate--

                                        (i) to waive or suspend this 
                                    paragraph; or

                                        (ii) to sustain an appeal of the 
                                    ruling of the Chair on a point of 
                                    order raised under this paragraph.

                (5) Motion nondebatable
                            A motion to proceed to consideration of a 
                        disapproval bill under this subsection shall not 
                        be debatable. It shall not be in order to move 
                        to reconsider the vote by which the motion to 
                        proceed was adopted or rejected, although 
                        subsequent motions to proceed may be made under 
                        this paragraph.
                (6) Limit on consideration
                            (A) After no more than 10 hours of 
                        consideration of a disapproval bill, the Senate 
                        shall proceed, without intervening action or 
                        debate (except as permitted under paragraph 
                        (9)), to vote on the final disposition thereof 
                        to the exclusion of all amendments not then 
                        pending and to the exclusion of all motions, 
                        except a motion to reconsider or to table.
                            (B) A single motion to extend the time for 
                        consideration under subparagraph (A) for no more 
                        than an additional five hours is in order prior 
                        to the expiration of such time and shall be 
                        decided without debate.
                            (C) The time for debate on the disapproval 
                        bill shall be equally divided between the 
                        Majority Leader and the Minority Leader or their 
                        designees.
                (7) Debate on amendments
                            Debate on any amendment to a disapproval 
                        bill shall be limited to one hour, equally 
                        divided and controlled by the Senator proposing 
                        the amendment and the majority manager, unless 
                        the majority manager is in favor of the 
                        amendment, in which case the minority manager 
                        shall be in control of the time in opposition.
                (8) No motion to recommit
                            A motion to recommit a disapproval bill 
                        shall not be in order.
                (9) Disposition of Senate disapproval bill
                            If the Senate has read for the third time a 
                        disapproval bill that originated in the Senate, 
                        then it shall be in order at any time thereafter 
                        to move to proceed to the consideration of a 
                        disapproval bill for the same special message 
                        received from the House of Representatives and 
                        placed on the Calendar pursuant to paragraph 
                        (2), strike all after the enacting clause, 
                        substitute the text of the Senate disapproval 
                        bill, agree to the Senate amendment, and vote on 
                        final disposition of the House disapproval bill, 
                        all without any intervening action or debate.
                (10) Consideration of House message
                            Consideration in the Senate of all motions, 
                        amendments, or appeals necessary to dispose of a 
                        message from the House of Representatives on a 
                        disapproval bill shall be limited to not more 
                        than four hours. Debate on each motion or 
                        amendment shall be limited to 30 minutes. Debate 
                        on any appeal or point of order that is 
                        submitted in connection with the disposition of 
                        the House message shall be limited to 20 
                        minutes. Any time for debate shall be equally 
                        divided and controlled by the proponent and the 
                        majority manager, unless the majority manager is 
                        a proponent of the motion, amendment, appeal, or 
                        point of order, in which case the minority 
                        manager shall be in control of the time in 
                        opposition.
            (f) Consideration in conference
                (1) Convening of conference
                            In the case of disagreement between the two 
                        Houses of Congress with respect to a disapproval 
                        bill passed by both Houses, conferees should be 
                        promptly appointed and a conference promptly 
                        convened, if necessary.
                (2) House consideration
                            (A) Notwithstanding any other rule of the 
                        House of Representatives, it shall be in order 
                        to consider the report of a committee of 
                        conference relating to a disapproval bill 
                        provided such report has been available for one 
                        calendar day (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, or 
                        legal holidays, unless the House is in session 
                        on such a day) and the accompanying statement 
                        shall have been filed in the House.
                            (B) Debate in the House of Representatives 
                        on the conference report and any amendments in 
                        disagreement on any disapproval bill shall each 
                        be limited to not more than one hour equally 
                        divided and controlled by a proponent and an 
                        opponent. A motion to further limit debate is 
                        not debatable. A motion to recommit the 
                        conference report is not in order, and it is not 
                        in order to move to reconsider the vote by which 
                        the conference report is agreed to or disagreed 
                        to.
                (3) Senate consideration
                            Consideration in the Senate of the 
                        conference report and any amendments in 
                        disagreement on a disapproval bill shall be 
                        limited to not more than four hours equally 
                        divided and controlled by the Majority Leader 
                        and the Minority Leader or their designees. A 
                        motion to recommit the conference report is not 
                        in order.
                (4) Limits on scope
                            (A) When a disagreement to an amendment in 
                        the nature of a substitute has been referred to 
                        a conference, the conferees shall report those 
                        cancellations that were included in both the 
                        bill and the amendment, and may report a 
                        cancellation included in either the bill or the 
                        amendment, but shall not include any other 
                        matter.
                            (B) When a disagreement on an amendment or 
                        amendments of one House to the disapproval bill 
                        of the other House has been referred to a 
                        committee of conference, the conferees shall 
                        report those cancellations upon which both 
                        Houses agree and may report any or all of those 
                        cancellations upon which there is disagreement, 
                        but shall not include any other matter.

            (Pub. L. 93-344, Title X, Sec. 1025, as added Pub. L. 104-
            130, Sec. 2(a), Apr. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 1203.)

399.39-34e  Sec. 691e. Definitions.
                As used in this subchapter:
                            (1) Appropriation law

                                The term ``appropriation law'' means an 
                            Act referred to in section 105 of title 1, 
                            including any general or special 
                            appropriation Act, or any Act making 
                            supplemental, deficiency, or continuing 
                            appropriations, that has been signed into 
                            law pursuant to Article I, section 7, of the 
                            Constitution of the United States.

                            (2) Calendar day

                                The term ``calendar day'' means a 
                            standard 24-hour period beginning at 
                            midnight.

                            (3) Calendar days of session

                                The term ``calendar days of session'' 
                            shall mean only those days on which both 
                            Houses of Congress are in session.

                            (4) Cancel

                                The term ``cancel'' or ``cancellation'' 
                            means--

                                        (A) with respect to any dollar 
                                    amount of discretionary budget 
                                    authority, to rescind;

                                        (B) with respect to any item of 
                                    new direct spending--

                                                (i) that is budget 
                                            authority provided by law 
                                            (other than an appropriation 
                                            law), to prevent such budget 
                                            authority from having legal 
                                            force or effect;
                                                (ii) that is entitlement 
                                            authority, to prevent the 
                                            specific legal obligation of 
                                            the United States from 
                                            having legal force or 
                                            effect; or
                                                (iii) through the food 
                                            stamp program, to prevent 
                                            the specific provision of 
                                            law that results in an 
                                            increase in budget authority 
                                            or outlays for that program 
                                            from having legal force or 
                                            effect; and

                                        (C) with respect to a limited 
                                    tax benefit, to prevent the specific 
                                    provision of law that provides such 
                                    benefit from having legal force or 
                                    effect.

                            (5) Direct spending

                                The term ``direct spending'' means--

                                        (A) budget authority provided by 
                                    law (other than an appropriation 
                                    law);

                                        (B) entitlement authority; and

                                        (C) the food stamp program.

                            (6) Disapproval bill

                                The term ``disapproval bill'' means a 
                            bill or joint resolution which only 
                            disapproves one or more cancellations of 
                            dollar amounts of discretionary budget 
                            authority, items of new direct spending, or 
                            limited tax benefits in a special message 
                            transmitted by the President under this 
                            subchapter and--

                                        (A) the title of which is as 
                                    follows: ``A bill disapproving the 
                                    cancellations transmitted by the 
                                    President on ____'', the blank space 
                                    being filled in with the date of 
                                    transmission of the relevant special 
                                    message and the public law number to 
                                    which the message relates;

                                        (B) which does not have a 
                                    preamble; and

                                        (C) which provides only the 
                                    following after the enacting clause: 
                                    ``That Congress disapproves of 
                                    cancellations ____'', the blank 
                                    space being filled in with a list by 
                                    reference number of one or more 
                                    cancellations contained in the 
                                    President's special message, ``as 
                                    transmitted by the President in a 
                                    special message on ____'', the blank 
                                    space being filled in with the 
                                    appropriate date, ``regarding 
                                    ____.'', the blank space being 
                                    filled in with the public law number 
                                    to which the special message 
                                    relates.

                            (7) Dollar amount of discretionary budget 
                        authority

                                (A) Except as provided in subparagraph 
                            (B), the term ``dollar amount of 
                            discretionary budget authority'' means the 
                            entire dollar amount of budget authority--

                                        (i) specified in an 
                                    appropriation law, or the entire 
                                    dollar amount of budget authority 
                                    required to be allocated by a 
                                    specific proviso in an appropriation 
                                    law for which a specific dollar 
                                    figure was not included;

                                        (ii) represented separately in 
                                    any table, chart, or explanatory 
                                    text included in the statement of 
                                    managers or the governing committee 
                                    report accompanying such law;

                                        (iii) required to be allocated 
                                    for a specific program, project, or 
                                    activity in a law (other than an 
                                    appropriation law) that mandates the 
                                    expenditure of budget authority from 
                                    accounts, programs, projects, or 
                                    activities for which budget 
                                    authority is provided in an 
                                    appropriation law;

                                        (iv) represented by the product 
                                    of the estimated procurement cost 
                                    and the total quantity of items 
                                    specified in an appropriation law or 
                                    included in the statement of 
                                    managers or the governing committee 
                                    report accompanying such law; or

                                        (v) represented by the product 
                                    of the estimated procurement cost 
                                    and the total quantity of items 
                                    required to be provided in a law 
                                    (other than an appropriation law) 
                                    that mandates the expenditure of 
                                    budget authority from accounts, 
                                    programs, projects, or activities 
                                    for which budget authority is 
                                    provided in an appropriation law.

                                (B) The term ``dollar amount of 
                            discretionary budget authority'' does not 
                            include--

                                        (i) direct spending;

                                        (ii) budget authority in an 
                                    appropriation law which funds direct 
                                    spending provided for in other law;

                                        (iii) any existing budget 
                                    authority rescinded or canceled in 
                                    an appropriation law; or

                                        (iv) any restriction, condition, 
                                    or limitation in an appropriation 
                                    law or the accompanying statement of 
                                    managers or committee reports on the 
                                    expenditure of budget authority for 
                                    an account, program, project, or 
                                    activity, or on activities involving 
                                    such expenditure.

                            (8) Item of new direct spending

                                The term ``item of new direct spending'' 
                            means any specific provision of law that is 
                            estimated to result in an increase in budget 
                            authority or outlays for direct spending 
                            relative to the most recent levels 
                            calculated pursuant to section 257 of the 
                            Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
                            Control Act of 1985.

                            (9) Limited tax benefit

                                (A) The term ``limited tax benefit'' 
                            means--

                                        (i) any revenue-losing provision 
                                    which provides a Federal tax 
                                    deduction, credit, exclusion, or 
                                    preference to 100 or fewer 
                                    beneficiaries under title 26 in any 
                                    fiscal year for which the provision 
                                    is in effect; and

                                        (ii) any Federal tax provision 
                                    which provides temporary or 
                                    permanent transitional relief for 10 
                                    or fewer beneficiaries in any fiscal 
                                    year from a change to title 26.

                                (B) A provision shall not be treated as 
                            described in subparagraph (A)(i) if the 
                            effect of that provision is that--

                                        (i) all persons in the same 
                                    industry or engaged in the same type 
                                    of activity receive the same 
                                    treatment;

                                        (ii) all persons owning the same 
                                    type of property, or issuing the 
                                    same type of investment, receive the 
                                    same treatment; or

                                        (iii) any difference in the 
                                    treatment of persons is based solely 
                                    on--

                                                (I) in the case of 
                                            businesses and associations, 
                                            the size or form of the 
                                            business or association 
                                            involved;
                                                (II) in the case of 
                                            individuals, general 
                                            demographic conditions, such 
                                            as income, marital status, 
                                            number of dependents, or tax 
                                            return filing status;
                                                (III) the amount 
                                            involved; or
                                                (IV) a generally-
                                            available election under 
                                            title 26.

                                (C) A provision shall not be treated as 
                            described in subparagraph (A)(ii) if--

                                        (i) it provides for the 
                                    retention of prior law with respect 
                                    to all binding contracts or other 
                                    legally enforceable obligations in 
                                    existence on a date contemporaneous 
                                    with congressional action specifying 
                                    such date; or

                                        (ii) it is a technical 
                                    correction to previously enacted 
                                    legislation that is estimated to 
                                    have no revenue effect.

                                (D) For purposes of subparagraph (A)--

                                        (i) all businesses and 
                                    associations which are related 
                                    within the meaning of sections 
                                    707(b) and 1563(a) of title 26 shall 
                                    be treated as a single beneficiary;

                                        (ii) all qualified plans of an 
                                    employer shall be treated as a 
                                    single beneficiary;

                                        (iii) all holders of the same 
                                    bond issue shall be treated as a 
                                    single beneficiary; and

                                        (iv) if a corporation, 
                                    partnership, association, trust or 
                                    estate is the beneficiary of a 
                                    provision, the shareholders of the 
                                    corporation, the partners of the 
                                    partnership, the members of the 
                                    association, or the beneficiaries of 
                                    the trust or estate shall not also 
                                    be treated as beneficiaries of such 
                                    provision.

                                (E) For purposes of this paragraph, the 
                            term ``revenue-losing provision'' means any 
                            provision which results in a reduction in 
                            Federal tax revenues for any one of the two 
                            following periods--

                                        (i) the first fiscal year for 
                                    which the provision is effective; or

                                        (ii) the period of the 5 fiscal 
                                    years beginning with the first 
                                    fiscal year for which the provision 
                                    is effective.

                                (F) The terms used in this paragraph 
                            shall have the same meaning as those terms 
                            have generally in title 26, unless otherwise 
                            expressly provided.

                            (10) OMB

                                The term ``OMB'' means the Director of 
                            the Office of Management and Budget. (Pub. 
                            L. 93-344, Title X, Sec. 1026, as added Pub. 
                            L. 104-130, Sec. 2(a), Apr. 9, 1996, 110 
                            Stat. 1207, and amended Pub. L. 105-33, 
                            Title X, Sec. 10122, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 
                            697.)

399.39-34f  Sec. 691f. Identification of limited tax benefits.
            (a) Statement by Joint Tax Committee
                The Joint Committee on Taxation shall review any revenue 
            or reconciliation bill or joint resolution which includes 
            any amendment to title 26 that is being prepared for filing 
            by a committee of conference of the two Houses, and shall 
            identify whether such bill or joint resolution contains any 
            limited tax benefits. The Joint Committee on Taxation shall 
            provide to the committee of conference a statement 
            identifying any such limited tax benefits or declaring that 
            the bill or joint resolution does not contain any limited 
            tax benefits. Any such statement shall be made available to 
            any Member of Congress by the Joint Committee on Taxation 
            immediately upon request.
            (b) Statement included in legislation
                (1) Notwithstanding any other rule of the House of 
            Representatives or any rule or precedent of the Senate, any 
            revenue or reconciliation bill or joint resolution which 
            includes any amendment to title 26 reported by a committee 
            of conference of the two Houses may include, as a separate 
            section of such bill or joint resolution, the information 
            contained in the statement of the Joint Committee on 
            Taxation, but only in the manner set forth in paragraph (2).
                (2) The separate section permitted under paragraph (1) 
            shall read as follows: ``Section 1021(a)(3) of the 
            Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 [7 
            U.S.C. 691(a)(3)] shall ____ apply to ____.'', with the 
            blank spaces being filled in with--
                            (A) in any case in which the Joint Committee 
                        on Taxation identifies limited tax benefits in 
                        the statement required under subsection (a) of 
                        this section, the word ``only'' in the first 
                        blank space and a list of all of the specific 
                        provisions of the bill or joint resolution 
                        identified by the Joint Committee on Taxation in 
                        such statement in the second blank space; or
                            (B) in any case in which the Joint Committee 
                        on Taxation declares that there are no limited 
                        tax benefits in the statement required under 
                        subsection (a) of this section, the word ``not'' 
                        in the first blank space and the phrase ``any 
                        provision of this Act'' in the second blank 
                        space.
            (c) President's authority
                If any revenue or reconciliation bill or joint 
            resolution is signed into law pursuant to Article I, section 
            7, of the Constitution of the United States--
                            (1) with a separate section described in 
                        subsection (b)(2) of this section, then the 
                        President may use the authority granted in 
                        section 691(a)(3) of this title only to cancel 
                        any limited tax benefit in that law, if any, 
                        identified in such separate section; or
                            (2) without a separate section described in 
                        subsection (b)(2) of this section, then the 
                        President may use the authority granted in 
                        section 691(a)(3) of this title to cancel any 
                        limited tax benefit in that law that meets the 
                        definition in section 691e of this title.
            (d) Congressional identifications of limited tax benefits
                There shall be no judicial review of the congressional 
            identification under subsections (a) and (b) of this section 
            of a limited tax benefit in a conference report. (Pub. L. 
            93-344, Title X, Sec. 1027, as added Pub. L. 104-130, 
            Sec. 2(a), Apr. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 1210.)
  399.39-35  Sec. 692. Judicial review.
            (a) Expedited review
                (1) Any Member of Congress or any individual adversely 
            affected, by this subchapter may bring an action, in the 
            United States District Court for the District of Columbia, 
            for declaratory judgment and injunctive relief on the ground 
            that any provision of this part violates the Constitution.
                (2) A copy of any complaint in an action brought under 
            paragraph (1) shall be promptly delivered to the Secretary 
            of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives, 
            and each House of Congress shall have the right to intervene 
            in such action.
                (3) Nothing in this section or in any other law shall 
            infringe upon the right of the House of Representatives to 
            intervene in an action brought under paragraph (1) without 
            the necessity of adopting a resolution to authorize such 
            intervention.
            (b) Appeal to Supreme Court
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any order of 
            the United States District Court for the District of 
            Columbia which is issued pursuant to an action brought under 
            paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section shall be 
            reviewable by appeal directly to the Supreme Court of the 
            United States. Any such appeal shall be taken by a notice of 
            appeal filed within 10 calendar days after such order is 
            entered; and the jurisdictional statement shall be filed 
            within 30 calendar days after such order is entered. No stay 
            of an order issued pursuant to an action brought under 
            paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section shall be 
            issued by a single Justice of the Supreme Court.
            (c) Expedited consideration
                It shall be the duty of the District Court for the 
            District of Columbia and the Supreme Court of the United 
            States to advance on the docket and to expedite to the 
            greatest possible extent the disposition of any matter 
            brought under subsection (a) of this section. (Pub. L. 104-
            130, Sec. 3, Apr. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 1211.)
                                    Codification
                Section enacted as part of the Line Item Veto Act of Act 
            of 1996, and not as part of the Congressional Budget and 
            Impoundment Control Act of 1974.
                                   Effective Date
                Section effective January 1, 1997 and not enforceable or 
            effective on or after January 1, 2005, see section 5 of Pub. 
            L. 104-130, set out as a note under section 691 of this 
            title.

            
             Chapter 20.--EMERGENCY POWERS TO ELIMINATE BUDGET DEFICITS

            
            Subchapter I.--Elimination of Deficits in Excess of Maximum 
                                   Deficit Amount

     399.40  Sec. 900. Statement of budget enforcement through 
                sequestration; definitions.
            (a) Omitted
            (b) General statement of budget enforcement through 
                sequestration
                This chapter provides for budget enforcement as called 
            for in House Concurrent Resolution 84 (105th Congress, 1st 
            session).
            (c) Definitions
                As used in this subchapter:
                            (1) The terms ``budget authority,'' ``new 
                        budget authority,'' ``outlays,'' and ``deficit'' 
                        have the meanings given to such terms in section 
                        622 of this title and ``discretionary spending 
                        limit'' shall mean the amounts specified in 
                        section 901 of this title.
                            (2) The terms ``sequester'' and 
                        ``sequestration'' refer to or mean the 
                        cancellation of budgetary resources provided by 
                        discretionary appropriations or direct spending 
                        law.
                            (3) The term ``breach'' means, for any 
                        fiscal year, the amount (if any) by which new 
                        budget authority or outlays for that year 
                        (within a category of discretionary 
                        appropriations) is above that category's 
                        discretionary spending limit for new budget 
                        authority or outlays for that year, as the case 
                        may be.
                            (4)(A) The term ``category'' means the 
                        subsets of discretionary appropriations in 
                        section 901(c) of this title. Discretionary 
                        appropriations in each of the categories shall 
                        be those designated in the joint explanatory 
                        statement accompanying the conference report on 
                        the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. New accounts or 
                        activities shall be categorized only after 
                        consultation with the Committees on 
                        Appropriations and the Budget of the House of 
                        Representatives and the Senate and that 
                        consultation shall, to the extent practicable, 
                        include written communication to such committees 
                        that affords such committees the opportunity to 
                        comment before official action is taken with 
                        respect to new accounts or activities.
                            (B) The term ``highway category'' refers to 
                        the following budget accounts or portions 
                        thereof that are subject to the obligation 
                        limitations on contract authority set forth in 
                        the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st 
                        Century:

                                (i) 69-8083-0-7-401 (Federal-Aid 
                            Highways).

                                (ii) 69-8020-0-7-401 (Highway Traffic 
                            Safety Grants).

                                (iii) 69-8048-0-7-401 (National Motor 
                            Carrier Safety Program).

                                (iv) 69-8016-0-7-401 (Operations and 
                            Research NHTSA).

                            (C) The term ``mass transit category'' 
                        refers to the following budget accounts or 
                        portions thereof that are subject to the 
                        obligation limitations on contract authority 
                        provided in the Transportation Equity Act for 
                        the 21st Century or for which appropriations are 
                        provided pursuant to authorizations contained in 
                        that Act (except that appropriations provided 
                        pursuant to section 5338(h) of title 49, as 
                        amended by the Transportation Equity Act for the 
                        21st Century, shall not be included in this 
                        category):

                                (i) 69-8191-0-7-401 (Mass Transit 
                            Capital Fund).

                                (ii) 69-8350-0-7-401 (Trust Fund Share 
                            of Expenses).

                                (iii) 69-1129-0-1-401 (Formula Grants).

                                (iv) 69-1120-0-1-401 (Administrative 
                            Expenses).

                                (v) 69-1136-0-1-401 (University 
                            Transportation Centers).

                                (vi) 69-1137-0-1-401 (Transit Planning 
                            and Research).

                    Such term also refers to the Washington Metropolitan 
                    Transit Authority account (69-1128-01-1-401) only 
                    for fiscal year 1999 only for appropriations 
                    provided pursuant to authorizations contained in 
                    section 14 of Public Law 96-184 and Public Law 101-
                    551.
                            (D) Special rule:
                            (i) Any outlays in excess of the 
                        discretionary spending limit set forth in 
                        section 901(c) of this title for the highway or 
                        mass transit category, as adjusted, for the 
                        budget year shall be considered nondefense 
                        category outlays or discretionary category 
                        outlays.
                            (ii) If the obligation limitations for 
                        accounts in the highway or mass transit category 
                        provided in an appropriation Act for a fiscal 
                        year exceed the obligation limitations set forth 
                        in section 8103 of the Transportation Equity Act 
                        for the 21st Century for that year, as adjusted, 
                        the estimated outlays flowing for each outyear 
                        from such excess obligations calculated pursuant 
                        to clause (iii) shall be attributed to the 
                        discretionary category in that outyear.
                            (iii) For purposes of clause (ii), outlays 
                        from excess obligations shall be determined 
                        using the average of the spendout rates for that 
                        category in the baseline.
                            (5) The term ``baseline'' means the 
                        projection (described in section 907 of this 
                        title) of current-year levels of new budget 
                        authority, outlays, receipts, and the surplus or 
                        deficit into the budget year and the outyears.
                            (6) The term ``budgetary resources'' means 
                        new budget authority, unobligated balances, 
                        direct spending authority, and obligation 
                        limitations.
                            (7) The term ``discretionary 
                        appropriations'' means budgetary resources 
                        (except to fund direct-spending programs) 
                        provided in appropriation Acts.
                            (8) The term ``direct spending'' means--

                                (A) budget authority provided by law 
                            other than appropriation Acts;

                                (B) entitlement authority; and

                                (C) the food stamp program.

                            (9) The term ``current'' means, with respect 
                        to OMB estimates included with a budget 
                        submission under section 1105(a) of title 31, 
                        the estimates consistent with the economic and 
                        technical assumptions underlying that budget and 
                        with respect to estimates made after that budget 
                        submission that are not included with it, 
                        estimates consistent with the economic and 
                        technical assumptions underlying the most 
                        recently submitted President's budget.
                            (10) The term ``real economic growth'', with 
                        respect to any fiscal year, means the growth in 
                        the gross national product during such fiscal 
                        year, adjusted for inflation, consistent with 
                        Department of Commerce definitions.
                            (11) The term ``account'' means an item for 
                        which appropriations are made in any 
                        appropriation Act and, for items not provided 
                        for in appropriation Acts, such term means an 
                        item for which there is a designated budget 
                        account identification code number in the 
                        President's budget.
                            (12) The term ``budget year'' means, with 
                        respect to a session of Congress, the fiscal 
                        year of the Government that starts on October 1 
                        of the calendar year in which that session 
                        begins.
                            (13) The term ``current year'' means, with 
                        respect to a budget year, the fiscal year that 
                        immediately precedes that budget year.
                            (14) The term ``outyear'' means, with 
                        respect to a budget year, any of the first 4 
                        fiscal years that follow the budget year.
                            (15) The term ``OMB'' means the Director of 
                        the Office of Management and Budget.
                            (16) The term ``CBO'' means the Director of 
                        the Congressional Budget Office.
                            (17) As used in this subchapter, all 
                        references to entitlement authority shall 
                        include the list of mandatory appropriations 
                        included in the joint explanatory statement of 
                        managers accompanying the conference report on 
                        the Balanced Budget Act of 1997.
                            (18) The term ``deposit insurance'' refers 
                        to the Federal deposit insurance agencies, and 
                        other Federal agencies supervising insured 
                        depository institutions, resulting from full 
                        funding of, and continuation of, the deposit 
                        insurance guarantee commitment in effect under 
                        current estimates.
                            (19) The term ``asset sale'' means the sale 
                        to the public of any asset (except for those 
                        assets covered by Title V of the Congressional 
                        Budget Act of 1974), whether physical or 
                        financial, owned in whole or in part by the 
                        United States. (Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, 
                        Sec. 250, as added and amended Pub. L. 101-508, 
                        Title XIII, Sec. 13101(a), (b), Nov. 5, 1990, 
                        104 Stat. 1388-575, 1388-589; Pub. L. 105-33, 
                        Title X, Sec. 10202, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 
                        697; Pub. L. 105-178, Title VIII, Sec. 8101(c), 
                        (f), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 489, as amended 
                        Pub. L. 105-206, Title IX, Sec. 9013(b), July 
                        22, 1998, 112 Stat. 865.)
                        Waivers and Suspensions in the Senate
                Section 271(b) of Pub. L. 99-177, as amended by Pub. L. 
            100-119, Title II, Sec. 211, Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 787, 
            provided that: ``Sections 301(i), 302(c), 302(f), 304(b), 
            310(d), 310(g), and 311(a) of the Congressional Budget Act 
            of 1974 [sections 632(i), 633(c), 633(f), 635(b), 641(d), 
            641(g), and 642(a) of this title] may be waived or suspended 
            in the Senate only by the affirmative vote of three-fifths 
            of the Members, duly chosen and sworn. This subsection shall 
            not apply to any joint resolution reported or discharged 
            pursuant to section 254(a) of this joint resolution [section 
            904(a) of this title].''
                [For effective and termination dates of section 271(b) 
            of Pub. L. 99-177, see section 275(a)(1), (b)(2)(D) of Pub. 
            L. 99-177, set out as a note above.]
                                 Appeals of Rulings
                Section 271(c) of Pub. L. 99-177, as enacted by Pub. L. 
            100-119, Title II, Sec. 210(a), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 
            787, provided that: ``An affirmative vote of three-fifths of 
            the Members of the Senate, duly chosen and sworn, shall be 
            required in the Senate to sustain an appeal of the ruling of 
            the Chair on a point of order raised under section 301(i), 
            302(c), 302(f), 304(b), 306, 310(g), or 311(a) of the 
            Congressional Budget Act of 1974.'' [sections 632(i), 
            633(c), 633(f), 635(b), 637, 641(d), 641(g), or 642(a) of 
            this title].
                [For effective and termination dates of section 271(c) 
            of Pub. L. 99-177, see section 275(a)(1), (b)(2)(D) of Pub. 
            L. 99-177, set out as a note above.]
     399.41  Sec. 901. Enforcing discretionary spending limits.
            (a) Enforcement
                (1) Sequestration
                            Within 15 calendar days after Congress 
                        adjourns to end a session and on the same day as 
                        a sequestration (if any) under section 902 of 
                        this title and section 903 of this title, there 
                        shall be a sequestration to eliminate a budget-
                        year breach, if any, within any category.
                (2) Eliminating a breach
                            Each non-exempt account within a category 
                        shall be reduced by a dollar amount calculated 
                        by multiplying the baseline level of 
                        sequestrable budgetary resources in that account 
                        at that time by the uniform percentage necessary 
                        to eliminate a breach within that category; 
                        except that the health programs set forth in 
                        section 906(e) of this title shall not be 
                        reduced by more than 2 percent and the uniform 
                        percent applicable to all other programs under 
                        this paragraph shall be increased (if necessary) 
                        to a level sufficient to eliminate that breach. 
                        If, within a category, the discretionary 
                        spending limits for both new budget authority 
                        and outlays are breached, the uniform percentage 
                        shall be calculated by--

                                (A) first, calculating the uniform 
                            percentage necessary to eliminate the breach 
                            in new budget authority, and

                                (B) second, if any breach in outlays 
                            remains, increasing the uniform percentage 
                            to a level sufficient to eliminate that 
                            breach.

                (3) Military personnel
                            If the President uses the authority to 
                        exempt any military personnel from sequestration 
                        under section 905(f) of this title, each account 
                        within subfunctional category 051 (other than 
                        those military personnel accounts for which the 
                        authority provided under section 905(f) of this 
                        title has been exercised) shall be further 
                        reduced by a dollar amount calculated by 
                        multiplying the enacted level of nonexempt 
                        budgetary resources in that account at that time 
                        by the uniform percentage necessary to offset 
                        the total dollar amount by which outlays are not 
                        reduced in military personnel accounts by reason 
                        of the use of such authority.
                (4) Part-year appropriations
                            If, on the date specified in paragraph (1), 
                        there is in effect an Act making or continuing 
                        appropriations for part of a fiscal year for any 
                        budget account, then the dollar sequestration 
                        calculated for that account under paragraphs (2) 
                        and (3) shall be subtracted from--

                                (A) the annualized amount otherwise 
                            available by law in that account under that 
                            or a subsequent part-year appropriation; and

                                (B) when a full-year appropriation for 
                            that account is enacted, from the amount 
                            otherwise provided by the full-year 
                            appropriation.

                (5) Look-back
                            If, after June 30, an appropriation for the 
                        fiscal year in progress is enacted that causes a 
                        breach within a category for that year (after 
                        taking into account any sequestration of amounts 
                        within that category, the discretionary spending 
                        limits for that category for the next fiscal 
                        year shall be reduced by the amount or amounts 
                        for that breach.
                (6) Within-session sequestration
                            If an appropriation for a fiscal year in 
                        progress is enacted (after Congress adjourns to 
                        end the session for that budget year and before 
                        July 1 of that fiscal year) that causes a breach 
                        within a category of that year (after taking 
                        into account any prior sequestration of amounts 
                        within that category), 15 days later there shall 
                        be a sequestration to eliminate that breach 
                        within that category following the procedures 
                        set forth in paragraphs (2) through (4).
                (7) Estimates
                            (A) CBO estimates

                                As soon as practicable after Congress 
                            completes action on any discretionary 
                            appropriation, CBO, after consultation with 
                            the Committees on the Budget of the House of 
                            Representatives and the Senate shall provide 
                            OMB with an estimate of the amount of 
                            discretionary new budget authority and 
                            outlays for the current year (if any) and 
                            the budget year provided by that 
                            legislation.

                            (B) OMB estimates and explanation of 
                        differences

                                Not later than 7 calendar days 
                            (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal 
                            holidays) after the date of enactment of any 
                            discretionary appropriation, OMB shall 
                            transmit a report to the House of 
                            Representatives and to the Senate containing 
                            the CBO estimate of that legislation, an OMB 
                            estimate of the amount of discretionary new 
                            budget authority and outlays for the current 
                            year (if any) and the budget year provided 
                            by that legislation, and an explanation of 
                            any difference between the 2 estimates. If 
                            during the preparation of the report OMB 
                            determines that there is a significant 
                            difference between OMB and CBO, OMB shall 
                            consult with the Committees on the Budget of 
                            the House of Representatives and the Senate 
                            regarding that difference and that 
                            consultation shall include, to the extent 
                            practicable, written communication to those 
                            committees that affords such committees the 
                            opportunity to comment before the issuance 
                            of the report.

                            (C) Assumptions and guidelines

                                OMB estimates under this paragraph shall 
                            be made using current economic and technical 
                            assumptions. OMB shall use the OMB estimates 
                            transmitted to the Congress under this 
                            paragraph. OMB and CBO shall prepare 
                            estimates under this paragraph in 
                            conformance with scorekeeping guidelines 
                            determined after consultation among the 
                            House and Senate Committees on the Budget, 
                            CBO, and OMB.

                            (D) Annual appropriations

                                For purposes of this paragraph, amounts 
                            provided by annual appropriations shall 
                            include any new budget authority and outlays 
                            for the current year (if any) and the budget 
                            authority and outlays for the current year 
                            (if any) and the budget year in accounts for 
                            which funding is provided in that 
                            legislation that result from previously 
                            enacted legislation.

            (b) Adjustments to discretionary spending limits
                (1) Preview report
                            (A) Concepts and definitions

                                When the President submits the budget 
                            under section 1105 of title 31, OMB shall 
                            calculate and the budget shall include 
                            adjustments to discretionary spending limits 
                            (and those limits as cumulatively adjusted) 
                            for the budget year and each outyear to 
                            reflect changes in concepts and definitions. 
                            Such changes shall equal the baseline levels 
                            of new budget authority and outlays using 
                            up-to-date concepts and definitions minus 
                            those levels using the concepts and 
                            definitions in effect before such changes. 
                            Such changes may only be made after 
                            consultation with the Committees on 
                            Appropriations and the Budget of the House 
                            of Representatives and the Senate and that 
                            consultation shall include written 
                            communication to such committees that 
                            affords such committees the opportunity to 
                            comment before official action is taken with 
                            respect to such changes.

                            (B) Adjustment to align highway spending 
                        with revenues

                                (i) When the President submits the 
                            budget under section 1105 of title 31, OMB 
                            shall calculate and the budget shall include 
                            adjustments to the highway category for the 
                            budget year and each outyear as provided in 
                            clause (ii)(I)(cc).

                                (ii)(I)(aa) OMB shall take the actual 
                            level of highway receipts for the year 
                            before the current year and subtract the sum 
                            of the estimated level of highway receipts 
                            in subclause (II) plus any amount previously 
                            calculated under item (bb) for that year.

                                (bb) OMB shall take the current estimate 
                            of highway receipts for the budget year and 
                            subtract the estimated level of receipts for 
                            that year.

                                (cc) OMB shall take the sum of the 
                            amounts calculated under items (aa) and 
                            (bb), add that sum to the amount of 
                            obligations set forth in section 8103 of the 
                            Transportation Equity Act for the 21st 
                            Century for the highway category for the 
                            budget year, and calculate the outlay change 
                            resulting from that change in obligations 
                            relative to that amount for the budget year 
                            and each outyear using current estimates. 
                            After making the calculation under the 
                            preceding sentence, OMB shall adjust the 
                            amount of obligations set forth in that 
                            section for the budget year by adding the 
                            sum of the amounts calculated under items 
                            (aa) and (bb).

                                (II) The estimated level of highway 
                            receipts for the purposes of this clause 
                            are--

                                        (aa) for fiscal year 1998, 
                                    $22,164,000,000;

                                        (bb) for fiscal year 1999, 
                                    $32,619,000,000;

                                        (cc) for fiscal year 2000, 
                                    $28,066,000,000;

                                        (dd) for fiscal year 2001, 
                                    $28,506,000,000;

                                        (ee) for fiscal year 2002, 
                                    $28,972,000,000; and

                                        (ff) for fiscal year 2003, 
                                    $29,471,000,000.

                                (III) In this clause, the term ``highway 
                            receipts'' means the governmental receipts 
                            credited to the highway account of the 
                            Highway Trust Fund.

                            (C)(i) In addition to the adjustment 
                        required by subparagraph (B), when the President 
                        submits the budget under section 1105 of title 
                        31 for fiscal years 2000, 2001, 2002, or 2003, 
                        OMB shall calculate and the budget shall include 
                        for the budget year and each outyear an 
                        adjustment to the limits on outlays for the 
                        highway category and the mass transit category 
                        equal to--

                                (I) the outlays for the applicable 
                            category calculated assuming obligation 
                            levels consistent with the estimates 
                            prepared pursuant to subparagraph levels 
                            consistent with the estimates prepared 
                            pursuant to subparagraph (D), as adjusted, 
                            using current technical assumptions; minus

                                (II) the outlays for the applicable 
                            category set forth in the subparagraph (D) 
                            estimates, as adjusted.

                            (ii) The adjustment made pursuant to clause 
                        (i) in the fiscal years 2002 and 2003 budget 
                        submissions of the President under section 
                        1105(a) of title 31 shall not exceed 4 percent 
                        plus cumulative carryovers. In this clause, the 
                        term ``cumulative carryovers'' means the total 
                        of each amount by which outlays for the highway 
                        and mass transit category for any fiscal year 
                        are less than the outlay limit for that 
                        category, as adjusted, for that year less any 
                        amount of carryover used in the previous year.
                            (D)(i) When OMB and CBO submit their final 
                        sequester report for fiscal year 1999, that 
                        report shall include an estimate of the outlays 
                        for each of the categories that would result in 
                        fiscal years 2000 through 2003 from obligations 
                        at the levels specified in section 8103 of the 
                        Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century 
                        using current assumptions.
                            (ii) When the President submits the budget 
                        under section 1105 of title 31 for fiscal years 
                        2000, 2001, 2002, or 2003, OMB shall adjust the 
                        estimates made in clause (i) by the adjustments 
                        by subparagraphs (B) and (C).
                            (E) OMB shall consult with the Committees on 
                        the Budget and include a report on adjustments 
                        under subparagraphs (B) and (C) in the preview 
                        report.
                (2) Sequestration reports
                            When OMB submits a sequestration report 
                        under section 904(e), (f), or (g) of this title 
                        for a fiscal year, OMB shall calculate, and the 
                        sequestration report and subsequent budgets 
                        submitted by the President under section 1105(a) 
                        of title 31 shall include adjustments to 
                        discretionary spending limits (and those limits 
                        as adjusted) for the fiscal year and each 
                        succeeding year through 2002, as follows:

                                (A) Emergency appropriations

                                        If, for any fiscal year, 
                                    appropriations for discretionary 
                                    accounts are enacted that the 
                                    President designates as emergency 
                                    requirements and that the Congress 
                                    so designates in statute, the 
                                    adjustment shall be the total of 
                                    such appropriations in discretionary 
                                    accounts designated as emergency 
                                    requirements and the outlays flowing 
                                    in all fiscal years from such 
                                    appropriations. This subparagraph 
                                    shall not apply to appropriations to 
                                    cover agricultural crop disaster 
                                    assistance.

                                (B) Special outlay allowance

                                        If, in any fiscal year, outlays 
                                    for a category exceed the 
                                    discretionary spending limit for 
                                    that category but new budget 
                                    authority does not exceed its limit 
                                    for that category (after application 
                                    of the first step of a sequestration 
                                    described in subsection (a)(2) of 
                                    this section, if necessary), the 
                                    adjustment in outlays for a fiscal 
                                    year is the amount of the excess but 
                                    not to exceed 0.5 percent of the sum 
                                    of the adjusted discretionary 
                                    spending limits on outlays for that 
                                    fiscal year.

                                (C) Continuing disability reviews

                                        (i) If a bill or joint 
                                    resolution making appropriations for 
                                    a fiscal year is enacted that 
                                    specifies an amount for continuing 
                                    disability reviews under the heading 
                                    ``Limitation on Administrative 
                                    Expenses'' for the Social Security 
                                    Administration, the adjustments for 
                                    that fiscal year shall be the 
                                    additional new budget authority 
                                    provided in that Act for such 
                                    reviews for that fiscal year and the 
                                    additional outlays flowing from such 
                                    amounts, but shall not exceed--

                                                (I) for fiscal year 
                                            1998, $290,000,000 in 
                                            additional new budget 
                                            authority and $338,000,000 
                                            in additional outlays;
                                                (II) for fiscal year 
                                            1999, $520,000,000 in 
                                            additional new budget 
                                            authority and $520,000,000 
                                            in additional outlays;
                                                (III) for fiscal year 
                                            2000, $520,000,000 in 
                                            additional new budget 
                                            authority and $520,000,000 
                                            in additional outlays;
                                                (IV) for fiscal year 
                                            2001, $520,000,000 in 
                                            additional new budget 
                                            authority and $520,000,000 
                                            in additional outlays; and
                                                (V) for fiscal year 
                                            2002, $520,000,000 in 
                                            additional new budget 
                                            authority and $520,000,000 
                                            in additional outlays.

                                        (ii) As used in this 
                                    subparagraph--

                                                (I) the term 
                                            ``continuing disability 
                                            reviews'' means reviews or 
                                            redeterminations as defined 
                                            under section 201(g)(1)(A) 
                                            of the Social Security Act 
                                            [42 U.S.C. 401(g)(1)(A)] and 
                                            reviews and redeterminations 
                                            authorized under section 211 
                                            of the Personal 
                                            Responsibility and Work 
                                            Opportunity Reconciliation 
                                            Act of 1996;
                                                (II) the term 
                                            ``additional new budget 
                                            authority'' means the amount 
                                            provided for a fiscal year, 
                                            in excess of $200,000,000, 
                                            in an appropriations Act and 
                                            specified to pay for the 
                                            costs of continuing 
                                            disability reviews under the 
                                            heading ``Limitation on 
                                            Administrative Expenses'' 
                                            for the Social Security 
                                            Administration; and
                                                (III) the term 
                                            ``additional outlays'' means 
                                            outlays, in excess of 
                                            $200,000,000 in a fiscal 
                                            year, flowing from the 
                                            amounts specified for 
                                            continuing disability 
                                            reviews under the heading 
                                            ``Limitation on 
                                            Administrative Expenses'' 
                                            for the Social Security 
                                            Administration, including 
                                            outlays in that fiscal year 
                                            flowing from amounts 
                                            specified in Acts enacted 
                                            for prior fiscal years (but 
                                            not before 1996).

                                (D) Allowance for IMF

                                        If an appropriation bill or 
                                    joint resolution is enacted for a 
                                    fiscal year through 2002 that 
                                    includes an appropriation with 
                                    respect to clause (i) or (ii), the 
                                    adjustment shall be the amount of 
                                    budget authority in the measure that 
                                    is the dollar equivalent of the 
                                    Special Drawing Rights with respect 
                                    to--

                                                (i) an increase in the 
                                            United States quota as part 
                                            of the International 
                                            Monetary Fund Eleventh 
                                            General Review of Quotas 
                                            (United States Quota); or
                                                (ii) any increase in the 
                                            maximum amount available to 
                                            the Secretary of the 
                                            Treasury pursuant to section 
                                            17 of the Bretton Woods 
                                            Agreement Act, as amended 
                                            from time to time (New 
                                            Arrangements to Borrow).

                                (E) Allowance for international 
                            arrearages

                                        (i) Adjustments

                                                If an appropriation bill 
                                            or joint resolution is 
                                            enacted for fiscal year 
                                            1998, 1999, or 2000 that 
                                            includes an appropriation 
                                            for arrearages for 
                                            international organizations, 
                                            international peacekeeping, 
                                            and multilateral development 
                                            banks for that fiscal year, 
                                            the adjustment shall be the 
                                            amount of budget authority 
                                            in that measure and the 
                                            outlays flowing in all 
                                            fiscal years from that 
                                            budget authority.

                                        (ii) Limitations

                                                The total amount of 
                                            adjustments made pursuant to 
                                            this subparagraph for the 
                                            period of fiscal years 1998 
                                            through 2000 shall not 
                                            exceed $1,884,000,000 in 
                                            budget authority.

                                (F) EITC compliance initiative

                                        If an appropriation bill or 
                                    joint resolution is enacted for a 
                                    fiscal year that includes an 
                                    appropriation for an earned income 
                                    tax credit compliance initiative, 
                                    the adjustment shall be the amount 
                                    of budget authority in that measure 
                                    for that initiative and the outlays 
                                    flowing in all fiscal years from 
                                    that budget authority, but not to 
                                    exceed--

                                                (i) with respect to 
                                            fiscal year 1998, 
                                            $138,000,000 in new budget 
                                            authority and $131,000,000 
                                            in outlays;
                                                (ii) with respect to 
                                            fiscal year 1999, 
                                            $143,000,000 in new budget 
                                            authority and $143,000,000 
                                            in outlays;
                                                (iii) with respect to 
                                            fiscal year 2000, 
                                            $144,000,000 in new budget 
                                            authority and $144,000,000 
                                            in outlays;
                                                (iv) with respect to 
                                            fiscal year 2001, 
                                            $145,000,000 in new budget 
                                            authority and $145,000,000 
                                            in outlays; and
                                                (v) with respect to 
                                            fiscal year 2002, 
                                            $146,000,000 in new budget 
                                            authority and $146,000,000 
                                            in outlays.

                                (G) Adoption incentive payments

                                        Whenever a bill or joint 
                                    resolution making appropriations for 
                                    fiscal year 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 
                                    or 2003 is enacted that specifies an 
                                    amount for adoption incentive 
                                    payments pursuant to this part for 
                                    the Department of Health and Human 
                                    Services--

                                                (i) the adjustments for 
                                            new budget authority shall 
                                            be the amounts of new budget 
                                            authority provided in that 
                                            measure for adoption 
                                            incentive payments, but not 
                                            to exceed $20,000,000; and
                                                (ii) the adjustment for 
                                            outlays shall be the 
                                            additional outlays flowing 
                                            from such amount.
            (c) Discretionary spending limit
                As used in this subchapter, the term ``discretionary 
            spending limit'' means--
                            (1) with respect to fiscal year 1997, for 
                        the discretionary category, the current adjusted 
                        limits of new budget authority and outlays;
                            (2) with respect to fiscal year 1998--

                                (A) for the defense category: 
                            $269,000,000,000 in new budget authority and 
                            $266,823,000,000 in outlays;

                                (B) for the nondefense category: 
                            $252,357,000,000 in new budget authority and 
                            $282,853,000,000 in outlays; and

                                (C) for the violent crime reduction 
                            category: $5,500,000,000 in new budget 
                            authority and $3,592,000,000 in outlays;

                            (3) with respect to fiscal year 1999--

                                (A) for the defense category: 
                            $271,500,000,000 in new budget authority and 
                            $266,518,000,000 in outlays;

                                (B) for the nondefense category: 
                            $255,699,000,000 in new budget authority and 
                            $287,850,000,000 in outlays;

                                (C) for the violent crime reduction 
                            category: $5,800,000,000 in new budget 
                            authority and $4,953,000,000 in outlays;

                                (D) for the highway category: 
                            $21,885,000,000 in outlays; and

                                (E) for the mass transit category: 
                            $4,401,000,000 in outlays;

                            (4) with respect to fiscal year 2000--

                                (A) for the discretionary category: 
                            $532,693,000,000 in new budget authority and 
                            $558,711,000,000 in outlays;

                                (B) for the violent crime reduction 
                            category: $4,500,000,000 in new budget 
                            authority and $5,554,000,000 in outlays;

                                (C) for the highway category: 
                            $24,436,000,000 in outlays; and

                                (D) for the mass transit category: 
                            $4,761,000,000 in outlays;

                            (5) with respect to fiscal year 2001--

                                (A) for the discretionary category: 
                            $542,032,000,000 in new budget authority and 
                            $564,396,000,000 in outlays;

                                (B) for the highway category: 
                            $26,204,000,000 in outlays; and

                                (C) for the mass transit category: 
                            $5,190,000,000 in outlays; and

                            (6) with respect to fiscal year 2002--

                                (A) for the discretionary category: 
                            $551,074,000,000 in new budget authority and 
                            $560,799,000,000 in outlays;

                                (B) for the highway category: 
                            $26,977,000,000 in,outlays; and

                                (C) for the mass transit category: 
                            $5,709,000,000 in outlays; and

                            (7) with respect to fiscal year 2003--

                                (A) for the highway category: 
                            $27,728,000,000 in outlays; and

                                (B) for the mass transit category: 
                            $6,256,000,000 in outlays.

            as adjusted in strict conformance with subsection (b) of 
            this section. (Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 251, Dec. 12, 
            1985, 99 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 100-119, Title I, Sec. 102(a), 
            Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 754; Pub. L. 100-203, Title VIII, 
            Sec. 8003(f), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330-282; Pub. L. 
            101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13101(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 
            1388-577; Pub. L. 103-66, Title XIV, Sec. 14002(c)(1), Aug. 
            10, 1993, 107 Stat. 683; Pub. L. 103-87, Title V, Sec. 571, 
            Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 971; Pub. L. 103-306, Title V, 
            Sec. 562, Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1649; Pub. L. 103-354, 
            Title I, Sec. 119(d)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3208; Pub. 
            L. 104-121, Title I, Sec. 103(b), Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 
            848; Pub. L. 104-193, Title II, Sec. 211(d)(5)(B), Aug. 22, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 2191; Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, Title I, 
            Sec. 101(c) Title V, Sec. 577, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 
            3009-169; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10203(a), (b), Aug. 
            5, 1997, 111 Stat. 698; Pub. L. 105-89, Title II, 
            Sec. 201(b)(1), Nov. 19, 1997, 111 Stat. 2125; Pub. L. 105-
            178, Title VIII, Sec. 8101(a), (d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 
            488, 490.)

               Offsetting Adjustment in Discretionary Spending Limits
                Section 8101(b) of Pub. L. 105-178, as amended by Pub. 
            L. 105-206, Title IX, Sec. 9013(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 
            865, provided that:
                            ``(1) Adjustment of nondefense category for 
                        FY1999.--The discretionary spending limit set 
                        forth in section 251(c)(3)(B) of the Balanced 
                        Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
                        1985, as adjusted in conformance with section 
                        251(b) of that Act, is reduced by $859,000,000 
                        in new budget authority and $25,144,000,000 in 
                        outlays.
                            ``(2) Adjustment of discretionary category 
                        for FY2000.--The discretionary spending limit 
                        set forth in section 251(c)(4)(A) of the 
                        Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 
                        Act of 1985, as adjusted in conformance with 
                        section 251(b) of that Act, is reduced by 
                        $859,000,000 in new budget authority and 
                        $26,009,000,000 in outlays.
                            ``(3) Adjustment of discretionary spending 
                        limit for FY2001.--The discretionary spending 
                        limit set forth in section 251(c)(5)(A) of the 
                        Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 
                        Act of 1985, as adjusted in conformance with 
                        section 251(b) of that Act, is reduced by 
                        $859,000,000 in new budget authority and 
                        $26,329,000,000 in outlays.
                            ``(4) Adjustment of discretionary spending 
                        limit for FY2002.--The discretionary spending 
                        limit set forth in section 251(c)(6)(A) of the 
                        Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 
                        Act of 1985, as adjusted in conformance with 
                        section 251(b) of that Act, is reduced by 
                        $859,000,000 in new budget authority and 
                        $26,675,000,000 in outlays.''

            [Amendment by Pub. L. 105-206 effective as if included in 
            enactment of Pub. L. 105-178, approved June 9, 1998, see 
            section 9016 of Pub. L. 105-206, set out as a note under 
            section 101 of Title 23, Highways.]

                           Level of Obligation Limitations
                Section 8103 of Pub. L. 105-178 provided that:
                            ``(a) Highway Category.--For the purposes of 
                        section 251(b) of the Balanced Budget and 
                        Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the level 
                        of obligation limitations for the highway 
                        category is--

                                ``(1) for fiscal year 1999, 
                            $25,883,000,000;

                                ``(2) for fiscal year 2000, 
                            $26,629,000,000;

                                ``(3) for fiscal year 2001, 
                            $27,158,000,000;

                                ``(4) for fiscal year 2002, 
                            $27,767,000,000; and

                                ``(5) for fiscal year 2003, 
                            $28,233,000,000.

                            ``(b) Mass Transit Category.--For the 
                        purposes of section 251(b) of the Balanced 
                        Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
                        1985, the level of obligation limitations for 
                        the mass transit category is--

                                ``(1) for fiscal year 1999, 
                            $5,365,000,000;

                                ``(2) for fiscal year 2000, 
                            $5,797,000,000;

                                ``(3) for fiscal year 2001, 
                            $6,271,000,000;

                                ``(4) for fiscal year 2002, 
                            $6,747,000,000; and

                                ``(5) for fiscal year 2003, 
                            $7,226,000,000.

            For purposes of this subsection, the term `obligation 
            limitations' means the sum of budget authority and 
            obligation limitations.''

   399.41a
   399.41a  Sec. 901a. Repealed. Pub. L 105-33, Title X, Sec. 
                10204(a)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 702.
                Section, Pub. L. 99-177, Sec. 251a, as added Pub. L. 
            103-322, Title XXXI, Sec. 310001(g)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 
            Stat. 2104, related to sequestration with respect to Violent 
            Crime Reduction Trust Fund.
     399.42  Sec. 902. Enforcing pay-as-you-go.
            (a) Purpose
                The purpose of this section is to assure that any 
            legislation enacted before October 1, 2002, affecting direct 
            spending or receipts that increases the deficit will trigger 
            an offsetting sequestration.
            (b) Sequestration
                (1) Timing
                            Not later than 15 calendar days after the 
                        date Congress adjourns to end a session and on 
                        the same day as a sequestration (if any) under 
                        section 901 or 903 of this title, there shall be 
                        a sequestration to offset the amount of any net 
                        deficit increase caused by all direct spending 
                        and receipts legislation enacted before October 
                        1, 2002, as calculated under paragraph (2).
                (2) Calculation of deficit increase
                            OMB shall calculate the amount of deficit 
                        increase or decrease by adding--

                                (A) all OMB estimates for the budget 
                            year of direct spending and receipts 
                            legislation transmitted under subsection (d) 
                            of this section;

                                (B) the estimated amount of savings in 
                            direct spending programs applicable to 
                            budget year resulting from the prior year's 
                            sequestration under this section or section 
                            903 of this title, if any, as published in 
                            OMB's final sequestration report for that 
                            prior year; and

                                (C) any net deficit increase or decrease 
                            in the current year resulting from all OMB 
                            estimates for the current year of direct 
                            spending and receipts legislation 
                            transmitted under subsection (d) of this 
                            section that were not reflected in the final 
                            OMB sequestration report for the current 
                            year.

            (c) Eliminating a deficit increase
                (1) The amount required to be sequestered in a fiscal 
            year under subsection (b) of this section shall be obtained 
            from non-exempt direct spending accounts from actions taken 
            in the following order:
                            (A) First

                                All reductions in automatic spending 
                            increases specified in section 906(a) of 
                            this title shall be made.

                            (B) Second

                                If additional reductions in direct 
                            spending accounts are required to be made, 
                            the maximum reductions permissible under 
                            sections 906(b) (guaranteed and direct 
                            student loans) and 906(c) (foster care and 
                            adoption assistance) of this title shall be 
                            made.

                            (C) Third

                                (i) If additional reductions in direct 
                            spending accounts are required to be made, 
                            each remaining non-exempt direct spending 
                            account shall be reduced by the uniform 
                            percentage necessary to make the reductions 
                            in direct spending required by paragraph 
                            (1); except that the medicare programs 
                            specified in section 906(d) of this title 
                            shall not be reduced by more than 4 percent 
                            and the uniform percentage applicable to all 
                            other direct spending programs under this 
                            paragraph shall be increased (if necessary) 
                            to a level sufficient to achieve the 
                            required reduction in direct spending.

                                (ii) For purposes of determining 
                            reductions under clause (i), outlay 
                            reductions (as a result of sequestration of 
                            Commodity Credit Corporation commodity price 
                            support contracts in the fiscal year of a 
                            sequestration) that would occur in the 
                            following fiscal year shall be credited as 
                            outlay reductions in the fiscal year of the 
                            sequestration.

                (2) For purposes of this subsection, accounts shall be 
            assumed to be at the level in the baseline.
            (d) Estimates
                (1) CBO estimates
                            As soon as practicable after Congress 
                        completes action on any direct spending or 
                        receipts legislation, CBO shall provide an 
                        estimate to OMB of that legislation.
                (2) OMB estimates
                            Not later than 7 calendar days (excluding 
                        Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) after 
                        the date of enactment of any direct spending or 
                        receipts legislation, OMB shall transmit a 
                        report to the House of Representatives and to 
                        the Senate containing--

                                (A) the CBO estimate of that 
                            legislation;

                                (B) an OMB estimate of that legislation 
                            using current economic and technical 
                            assumptions; and

                                (C) an explanation of any difference 
                            between the 2 estimates.

                (3) Significant differences
                            If during the preparation of the report 
                        under paragraph (2) OMB determines that there is 
                        a significant difference between the OMB and CBO 
                        estimates, OMB shall consult with the Committees 
                        on the Budget of the House of Representatives 
                        and the Senate regarding that difference and 
                        that consultation, to the extent practicable, 
                        shall include written communication to such 
                        committees that affords such committees the 
                        opportunity to comment before the issuance of 
                        that report.
                (4) Scope of estimates
                            The estimates under this section shall 
                        include the amount of change in outlays or 
                        receipts for the current year (if applicable), 
                        the budget year, and each outyear excluding any 
                        amounts resulting from--

                                (A) full finding of, and continuation 
                            of, the deposit insurance guarantee 
                            commitment in effect under current 
                            estimates; and

                                (B) emergency provisions as designated 
                            under subsection (e) of this section.

                (5) Scorekeeping guidelines
                            OMB and CBO, after consultation with each 
                        other and the Committees on the Budget of the 
                        House of Representatives and the Senate, shall--

                                (A) determine common scorekeeping 
                            guidelines; and

                                (B) in conformance with such guidelines, 
                            prepare estimates under this section.

            (e) Emergency legislation

            If a provision of direct spending or receipts legislation is 
            enacted that the President designates as an emergency 
            requirement and that the Congress so designates in statute, 
            the amounts of new budget authority, outlays, and receipts 
            in all fiscal years resulting from that provision shall be 
            designated as an emergency requirement in the reports 
            required under subsection (d) of this section. This 
            subsection shall not apply to direct spending provisions to 
            cover agricultural crop disaster assistance. (Pub. L. 99-
            177, Title II, Sec. 252, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1072; Pub. 
            L. 100-119, Title I, Sec. 102(a), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 
            764; Pub. L. 100-203, Title VIII, Sec. 8003(e), Dec. 22, 
            1987, 101 Stat. 1330-282; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13101(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-581; Pub. L. 
            103-354, Title I, Sec. 119(d)(2), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 
            3208; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10205, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 
            Stat. 702.)

     399.43  Sec. 903. Enforcing deficit targets.
            (a) Sequestration
                Within 15 calendar days after Congress adjourns to end a 
            session (other than of the One Hundred First Congress) and 
            on the same day as a sequestration (if any) under section 
            901 of this title and section 902 of this title, but after 
            any sequestration required by section 901 (enforcing 
            discretionary spending limits) of this title or section 902 
            (enforcing pay-as-you-go) of this title, there shall be a 
            sequestration to eliminate the excess deficit (if any 
            remains) if it exceeds the margin.
            (b) Excess deficit; margin
                The excess deficit is, if greater than zero, the 
            estimated deficit for the budget year, minus--
                            (1) the maximum deficit amount for that 
                        year;
                            (2) the amounts for that year designated as 
                        emergency direct spending or receipts 
                        legislation under section 902(e) of this title; 
                        and
                            (3) for any fiscal year in which there is 
                        not a full adjustment for technical and economic 
                        reestimates, the deposit insurance reestimate 
                        for that year, if any, calculated under 
                        subsection (h) of this section.

            The ``margin'' for fiscal year 1992 or 1993 is zero and for 
            fiscal year 1994 or 1995 is $15,000,000,000.

            (c) Dividing the sequestration
                To eliminate the excess deficit in a budget year, half 
            of the required outlay reductions shall be obtained from 
            non-exempt defense accounts (accounts designated as function 
            050 in the President's fiscal year 1991 budget submission) 
            and half from non-exempt, non-defense accounts (all other 
            non-exempt accounts).
            (d) Defense
                Each non-exempt defense account shall be reduced by a 
            dollar amount calculated by multiplying the level of 
            sequestrable budgetary resources in that account at that 
            time by the uniform percentage necessary to carry out 
            subsection (c) of this section, except that, if any military 
            personnel are exempt, adjustments shall be made under the 
            procedure set forth in section 901(a)(3) of this title.
            (e) Non-defense
                Actions to reduce non-defense accounts shall be taken in 
            the following order:
                            (1) First

                                All reductions in automatic spending 
                            increases under section 906(a) of this title 
                            shall be made.

                            (2) Second

                                If additional reductions in non-defense 
                            accounts are required to be made, the 
                            maximum reduction permissible under sections 
                            906(b) (guaranteed student loans) and 906(c) 
                            (foster care and adoption assistance) of 
                            this title shall be made.

                            (3) Third

                                (A) If additional reductions in non-
                            defense accounts are required to be made, 
                            each remaining non-exempt, non-defense 
                            account shall be reduced by the uniform 
                            percentage necessary to make the reductions 
                            in non-defense outlays required by 
                            subsection (c) of this section, except 
                            that--

                                        (i) the medicare program 
                                    specified in section 906(d) of this 
                                    title shall not be reduced by more 
                                    than 2 percent in total including 
                                    any reduction of less than 2 percent 
                                    made under section 902 of this title 
                                    or, if it has been reduced by 2 
                                    percent or more under section 902 of 
                                    this title, it may not be further 
                                    reduced under this section; and

                                        (ii) the health programs set 
                                    forth in section 906(e) of this 
                                    title shall not be reduced by more 
                                    than 2 percent in total (including 
                                    any reduction made under section 901 
                                    of this title),

            and the uniform percent applicable to all other programs 
            under this subsection shall be increased (if necessary) to a 
            level sufficient to achieve the required reduction in non-
            defense outlays.

                                (B) For purposes of determining 
                            reductions under subparagraph (A), outlay 
                            reduction (as a result of sequestration of 
                            Commodity Credit Corporation commodity price 
                            support contracts in the fiscal year of a 
                            sequestration) that would occur in the 
                            following fiscal year shall be credited as 
                            outlay reductions in the fiscal year of the 
                            sequestration.

            (f) Baseline assumptions; part-year appropriations
                (1) Budget assumptions
                            For purposes of subsections (b), (c), (d), 
                        and (e) of this section, accounts shall be 
                        assumed to be at the level in the baseline minus 
                        any reductions required to be made under 
                        sections 901 and 902 of this title.
                (2) Part-year appropriations
                            If, on the date specified in subsection (a) 
                        of this section, there is in effect an Act 
                        making or continuing appropriations for part of 
                        a fiscal year for any non-exempt budget account, 
                        then the dollar sequestration calculated for 
                        that account under subsection (d) or (e) of this 
                        section, as applicable, shall be subtracted 
                        from--

                                (A) the annualized amount otherwise 
                            available by law in that account under that 
                            or a subsequent part-year appropriation; and

                                (B) when a full-year appropriation for 
                            that account is enacted, from the amount 
                            otherwise provided by the full-year 
                            appropriation; except that the amount to be 
                            sequestered from that account shall be 
                            reduced (but not below zero) by the savings 
                            achieved by that appropriation when the 
                            enacted amount is less than the baseline for 
                            that account.

            (g) Adjustments to maximum deficit amounts
                (1) Adjustments
                            (A) When the President submits the budget 
                        for fiscal year 1992, the maximum deficit 
                        amounts for fiscal years 1992, 1993, 1994, and 
                        1995 shall be adjusted to reflect up-to-date 
                        reestimates of economic and technical 
                        assumptions and any changes in concepts or 
                        definitions. When the President submits the 
                        budget for fiscal year 1993, the maximum deficit 
                        amounts for fiscal years 1993, 1994, and 1995 
                        shall be further adjusted to reflect up-to-date 
                        reestimates of economic and technical 
                        assumptions and any changes in concepts or 
                        definitions.
                            (B) When submitting the budget for fiscal 
                        year 1994, the President may choose to adjust 
                        the maximum deficit amounts for fiscal years 
                        1994 and 1995 to reflect up-to-date reestimates 
                        of economic and technical assumptions. If the 
                        President chooses to adjust the maximum deficit 
                        amount when submitting the fiscal year 1994 
                        budget, the President may choose to invoke the 
                        same adjustment procedure when submitting the 
                        budget for fiscal year 1995. In each case, the 
                        President must choose between making no 
                        adjustment or the full adjustment described in 
                        paragraph (2). If the President chooses to make 
                        that full adjustment, then those procedures for 
                        adjusting discretionary spending limits 
                        described in sections 901(b)(1)(C) and 
                        901(b)(2)(E) of this title, otherwise applicable 
                        through fiscal year 1993 or 1994 (as the case 
                        may be), shall be deemed to apply for fiscal 
                        year 1994 (and 1995 if applicable).
                            (C) When the budget for fiscal year 1994 or 
                        1995 is submitted and the sequestration reports 
                        for those years under section 904 of this title 
                        are made (as applicable), if the President does 
                        not choose to make the adjustments set forth in 
                        subparagraph (B), the maximum deficit amount for 
                        that fiscal year shall be adjusted by the amount 
                        of the adjustment to discretionary spending 
                        limits first applicable for that year (if any) 
                        under section 901(b) of this title.
                            (D) For each fiscal year the adjustments 
                        required to be made with the submission of the 
                        Presidents budget for that year shall also be 
                        made when OMB submits the sequestration update 
                        report and the final sequestration report for 
                        that year, but OMB shall continue to use the 
                        economic and technical assumptions in the 
                        President's budget for that year.

            Each adjustment shall be made by increasing or decreasing 
            the maximum deficit amounts set forth in section 665 of this 
            title.

                (2) Calculations of adjustments
                            The required increase or decrease shall be 
                        calculated as follows:

                                (A) The baseline deficit or surplus 
                            shall be calculated using up-to-date 
                            economic and technical assumptions, using 
                            up-to-date concepts and definitions, and, in 
                            lieu of the baseline levels of discretionary 
                            appropriations, using the discretionary 
                            spending limits set forth in section 665 of 
                            this title as adjusted under section 901 of 
                            this title.

                                (B) The net deficit increase or decrease 
                            caused by all direct spending and receipts 
                            legislation enacted after the date of 
                            enactment of this section (after adjusting 
                            for any sequestration of direct spending 
                            accounts) shall be calculated for each 
                            fiscal year by adding--

                                        (i) the estimates of direct 
                                    spending and receipts legislation 
                                    transmitted under section 902(d) of 
                                    this title applicable to each such 
                                    fiscal year; and

                                        (ii) the estimated amount of 
                                    savings in direct spending programs 
                                    applicable to each such fiscal year 
                                    resulting from the prior year' 
                                    sequestration under this section or 
                                    section 902 of this title of direct 
                                    spending, if any, as contained in 
                                    OMB's final sequestration report for 
                                    that year.

                                (C) The amount calculated under 
                            subparagraph (B) shall be subtracted from 
                            the amount calculated under subparagraph 
                            (A).

                                (D) The maximum deficit amount set forth 
                            in section 665 of this title shall be 
                            subtracted from the amount calculated under 
                            subparagraph (C).

                                (E) The amount calculated under 
                            subparagraph (D) shall be the amount of the 
                            adjustment required by paragraph (1).

            (h) Treatment of deposit insurance
                (1) Initial estimates
                            The initial estimates of the net costs of 
                        federal deposit insurance for fiscal year 1994 
                        and fiscal year 1995 (assuming full funding of, 
                        and continuation of, the deposit insurance 
                        guarantee commitment in effect on the date of 
                        the submission of the budget for fiscal year 
                        1993) shall be set forth in that budget.
                (2) Reestimates
                            For fiscal year 1994 and fiscal year 1995, 
                        the amount of the reestimate of deposit 
                        insurance costs shall be calculated by 
                        subtracting the amount set forth under paragraph 
                        (1) for that year from the current estimate of 
                        deposit insurance costs (but assuming full 
                        funding of, and continuation of, the deposit 
                        insurance guarantee commitment in effect on the 
                        date of submission of the budget for fiscal year 
                        1993). (Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 253, Dec. 
                        12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1078; Pub. L. 100-119, Title 
                        I, Sec. 103, Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 775; Pub. 
                        L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13101(a), Nov. 5, 
                        1990, 104 Stat. 1388-583.)
     399.44  Sec. 904. Reports and orders.
            (a) Timetable
                The timetable with respect to this subchapter for any 
            budget year is as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Date                        Action to be completed
------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 21...........................  Notification regarding optional
                                        adjustment of maximum deficit
                                        amount.
5 days before the President's budget   CBO sequestration preview report.
 submission.
The President's budget submission....  OMB sequestration preview report.
August 10............................   Notification regarding military
                                        personnel.
August 15............................   CBO sequestration update report.
August 20............................  OMB sequestration update report.
10 days after end of session.........  CBO final sequestration report.
15 days after end of session.........  OMB final sequestration report;
                                        Presidential order.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

            (b) Submission and availability of reports
                Each report required by this section shall be submitted, 
            in the case of CBO, to the House of Representatives, the 
            Senate and OMB and, in the case of OMB, to the House of 
            Representatives, the Senate, and the President on the day it 
            is issued. On the following day a notice of the report shall 
            be printed in the Federal Register.
            (c) Sequestration preview reports
                (1) Reporting requirement
                            On the dates specified in subsection (a) of 
                        this section, OMB and CBO shall issue a preview 
                        report regarding discretionary, pay-as-you-go, 
                        and deficit sequestration based on laws enacted 
                        through those dates.
                (2) Discretionary sequestration report
                            The preview reports shall set forth 
                        estimates for the current year and each 
                        subsequent year through 2002 of the applicable 
                        discretionary spending limits for each category 
                        and an explanation of any adjustments in such 
                        limits under section 901 of this title.
                (3) Pay-as-you-go sequestration reports
                            The preview reports shall set forth, for the 
                        current year and the budget year, estimates for 
                        each of the following:

                                (A) The amount of net deficit increase 
                            or decrease, if any, calculated under 
                            subsection 902(b) of this title.

                                (B) A list identifying each law enacted 
                            and sequestration implemented after November 
                            5, 1990 included in the calculation of the 
                            amount of deficit increase or decrease and 
                            specifying the budgetary effect of each such 
                            law.

                                (C) The sequestration percentage or (if 
                            the required sequestration percentage is 
                            greater than the maximum allowable 
                            percentage for medicare) percentages 
                            necessary to eliminate a deficit increase 
                            under section 902(c) of this title.

                (4) Deficit sequestration reports
                            The preview reports shall set forth for the 
                        budget year estimates for each of the following:

                                (A) The maximum deficit amount, the 
                            estimated deficit calculated under section 
                            903(b) of this title, and excess deficit, 
                            and the margin.

                                (B) The amount of reductions required 
                            under section 902 of this title, the excess 
                            deficit remaining after those reductions 
                            have been made, and the amount of reductions 
                            required from defense accounts and the 
                            reductions required from non-defense 
                            accounts.

                                (C) The sequestration percentage 
                            necessary to achieve the required reduction 
                            in defense accounts under section 903(d) of 
                            this title.

                                (D) The reductions required under 
                            sections 903(e)(1) and 903(e)(2) of this 
                            title.

                                (E) The sequestration percentage 
                            necessary to achieve the required reduction 
                            in non-defense accounts under section 
                            903(e)(3) of this title.

                            The CBO report need not set forth the items 
                        other than the maximum deficit amount for fiscal 
                        year 1992, 1993, or any fiscal year for which 
                        the President notifies the House of 
                        Representatives and the Senate that he will 
                        adjust the maximum deficit amount under the 
                        option under section 903(g)(1)(B) of this title.
                (5) Explanation of differences
                            The OMB reports shall explain the 
                        differences between OMB and CBO estimates for 
                        each item set forth in this subsection.
            (d) Notification regarding military personnel
                On or before the date specified in subsection (a) of 
            this section, the President shall notify the Congress of the 
            manner in which he intends to exercise flexibility with 
            respect to military personnel accounts under section 905(f) 
            of this title.
            (e) Sequestration update reports
                On the dates specified in subsection (a) of this 
            section, OMB and CBO shall issue a sequestration updated 
            report, reflecting laws enacted through those dates, 
            containing all of the information required in the 
            sequestration preview reports.
            (f) Final sequestration reports
                (1) Reporting requirement
                            On the dates specified in subsection (a) of 
                        this section, OMB and CBO shall issue a final 
                        sequestration report, updated to reflect laws 
                        enacted through those dates.
                (2) Discretionary sequestration reports
                            The final reports shall set forth estimates 
                        for each of the following:

                                (A) For the current year and each 
                            subsequent year through 2002 the applicable 
                            discretionary spending limits for each 
                            category and an explanation of any 
                            adjustments in such limits under section 901 
                            of this title.

                                (B) For the current year and the budget 
                            year the estimated new budget authority and 
                            outlays for each category and the breach, if 
                            any, in each category.

                                (C) For each category for which a 
                            sequestration is required, the sequestration 
                            percentages necessary to achieve the 
                            required reduction.

                                (D) For the budget year, for each 
                            account to be sequestered, estimates of the 
                            baseline level of sequestrable budgetary 
                            resources and resulting outlays and the 
                            amount of budgetary resources to be 
                            sequestered and resulting outlay reductions.

                (3) Pay-as-you-go and deficit sequestration reports
                            The final reports shall contain all the 
                        information required in the pay-as-you-go and 
                        deficit sequestration preview reports. In 
                        addition, these reports shall contain, for the 
                        budget year, for each account to be sequestered, 
                        estimates of the baseline level of sequestrable 
                        budgetary resources and resulting outlays and 
                        the amount of budgetary resources to be 
                        sequestered and resulting outlay reductions. The 
                        reports shall also contain estimates of the 
                        effects on outlays of the sequestration in each 
                        outyear for direct spending programs.
                (4) Explanation of differences
                            The OMB report shall explain any differences 
                        between OMB and CBO estimates of the amount of 
                        any net deficit change calculated under 
                        subsection 902(b) of this title, any excess 
                        deficit, any breach, and any required 
                        sequestration percentage. The OMB report shall 
                        also explain differences in the amount of 
                        sequestrable resources for any budget account to 
                        be reduced if such difference is greater than 
                        $5,000,000.
                (5) Presidential order
                            On the date specified in subsection (a) of 
                        this section, if in its final sequestration 
                        report OMB estimates that any sequestration is 
                        required, the President shall issue an order 
                        fully implementing without change all 
                        sequestrations required by the OMB calculations 
                        set forth in that report. This order shall be 
                        effective on issuance.
            (g) Within-session sequestration reports and order
                If an appropriation for a fiscal year in progress is 
            enacted (after Congress adjourns to end the session for that 
            budget year and before July 1 of that fiscal year) that 
            causes a breach, 10 days later CBO shall issue a report 
            containing the information required in paragraph \1\ (f)(2). 
            Fifteen days after enactment, OMB shall issue a report 
            containing the information required in paragraphs \1\ (f)(2) 
            and (f)(4). On the same day as the OMB report, the President 
            shall issue an order fully implementing without change all 
            sequestrations required by the OMB calculations set forth in 
            that report. This order shall be effective on issuance.
                \1\ So in original. Probably means ``subsection''.
            (h) GAO compliance report
                Upon request of the Committee on the Budget of the House 
            of Representatives or the Senate, the Comptroller General 
            shall submit to the Congress and the President a report on--
                            (1) the extent to which each order issued by 
                        the President under this section complies with 
                        all of the requirements contained in this 
                        subchapter, either certifying that the order 
                        fully and accurately complies with such 
                        requirements or indicating the respects in which 
                        it does not; and
                            (2) the extent to which each report issued 
                        by OMB or CBO under this section complies with 
                        all of the requirements contained in this 
                        subchapter, either certifying that the report 
                        fully and accurately complies with such 
                        requirements or indicating the respect in which 
                        it does not.
            (i) Low-growth report
                At any time, CBO shall notify the Congress if--
                            (1) during the period consisting of the 
                        quarter during which such notification is given, 
                        the quarter preceding such notification, and the 
                        4 quarters following such notification, CBO or 
                        OMB has determined that real economic growth is 
                        projected or estimated to be less than zero with 
                        respect to each of any 2 consecutive quarters 
                        within such period; or
                            (2) the most recent of the Department of 
                        Commerce's advance preliminary or final reports 
                        of actual real economic growth indicate that the 
                        rate of real economic growth for each of the 
                        most recently reported quarter and the 
                        immediately preceding quarter is less than one 
                        percent.
            (j) Economic and technical assumptions
                In all reports required by this section, OMB shall use 
            the same economic and technical assumptions as used in the 
            most recent budget submitted by the President under section 
            1105(a) of title 31. (Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 254, 
            Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1078; Pub. L. 100-119, Title I, 
            Sec. Sec. 102(b)(1), 106(e)(2), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 
            773, 781; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13101(a), Nov. 
            5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-586; Pub. L. 103-66, Title XIV, 
            Sec. Sec. 14002(c)(2), 14003(b), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 
            684, 685; Pub. L. 103-322, Title XXXI, Sec. 310001(g)(2), 
            Sept. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 2105; Pub. L. 104-316, Title I, 
            Sec. 102(d), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3828; Pub. L. 105-33, 
            Title X, Sec. 10206, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 704.)
     399.45  Sec. 905. Exempt programs and activities.
            (a) Social security benefits and tier I railroad retirement 
                benefits
                Benefits payable under the old-age, survivors, and 
            disability insurance program established under Title II of 
            the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.], and 
            benefits payable under section 231b(a), 231b(f)(3), 231c(a), 
            or 231c(f) of title 45, shall be exempt from reduction under 
            any order issued under this subchapter.
            (b) Veterans programs
                The following programs shall be exempt from reduction 
            under any order issued under this subchapter:
                            National Service Life Insurance Fund (36-
                        8132-0-7-701);
                            Service-Disabled Veterans Insurance Fund 
                        (36-4012-0-3-701);
                            Veterans Special Life Insurance Fund (36-
                        8455-0-8-701);
                            Veterans Reopened Insurance Fund (36-4010-0-
                        3-701);
                            United States Government Life Insurance Fund 
                        (36-8150-0-7-701);
                            Veterans Insurance and Indemnities (36-0120-
                        0-1-701);
                            Special Therapeutic and Rehabilitation 
                        Activities (36-4048-0-3-703);
                            Canteen Service Revolving Fund (36-4014-0-3-
                        705);
                            Benefits under chapter 21 of title 38 
                        relating to specially adapted housing and 
                        mortgage-protection life insurance for certain 
                        veterans with service-connected disabilities 
                        (36-0120-0-1-701);
                            Benefits under section 2307 of title 38 
                        relating to burial benefits for veterans who die 
                        as a result of service-connected disability (36-
                        0155-0-1-701);
                            Benefits under chapter 39 of title 38 
                        relating to automobiles and adaptive equipment 
                        for certain disabled veterans and members of the 
                        Armed Forces (36-0137-0-1-702);
                            Compensation (36-0153-0-1-701); and
                            Pensions (36-0154-0-1-701);
                            Benefits under chapter 35 of title 38, 
                        United States Code, related to educational 
                        assistance for survivors and dependents of 
                        certain veterans with service-connected 
                        disabilities (36-0137-0-1-702);
                            Assistance and services under chapter 31 of 
                        title 38, United States Code, relating to 
                        training and rehabilitation for certain veterans 
                        with service-connected disabilities (36-0137-0-
                        1-702);
                            Benefits under subchapters I, II, and III of 
                        chapter 37 of title 38, United States Code, 
                        relating to housing loans for certain veterans 
                        and for the spouses and surviving spouses of 
                        certain veterans Guaranty and Indemnity Program 
                        Account (36-1119-0-1-704);
                            Loan Guaranty Program Account (36-1025-0-1-
                        704); and
                            Direct Loan Program Account (36-1024-0-1-
                        704).
            (c) Net interest
                No reduction of payments for net interest (all of major 
            functional category 900) shall be made under any order 
            issued under this subchapter.
            (d) Earned Income tax credit
                Payments to individuals made pursuant to section 32 of 
            title 26 shall be exempt from reduction under any order 
            issued under this subchapter.
            (e) Non-defense unobligated balances
                Unobligated balances of budget authority carried over 
            from prior fiscal years, except balances in the defense 
            category, shall be exempt from reduction under any order 
            issued under this subchapter.
            (f) Optional exemption of military personnel
                (1) In general
                            The President may, with respect to any 
                        military personnel account, exempt that account 
                        from sequestration or provide for a lower 
                        uniform percentage reduction than would 
                        otherwise apply.
                (2) Limitation
                            The President may not use the authority 
                        provided by paragraph (1) unless the President 
                        notifies the Congress of the manner in which 
                        such authority will be exercised on or before 
                        the date specified in section 904(a) of this 
                        title for the budget year.
            (g) Other programs and activities
                (1)(A) the following budget accounts and activities 
            shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under 
            this subchapter:
                            Activities resulting from private donations, 
                        bequests, or voluntary contributions to the 
                        Government;
                            Activities financed by voluntary payments to 
                        the Government for goods or services to be 
                        provided for such payments;
                            Administration of Territories, Northern 
                        Mariana Islands Covenant grants (14-0412-0-1-
                        806);
                            Alaska Power Administration, Operations and 
                        maintenance (89-0304-0-1-271);
                            Appropriations for the District of Columbia 
                        (to the extent they are appropriations of 
                        locally raised funds);
                            Bonneville Power Administration fund and 
                        borrowing authority established pursuant to 
                        section 13 of Public Law 93-454 (1974), as 
                        amended [16 U.S.C. 838k] (89-4045-0-3-271);
                            Bureau of Indian Affairs, Indian land and 
                        water claims settlements and miscellaneous 
                        payments to Indians (14-2303-0-1-452);
                            Bureau of Indian Affairs Miscellaneous trust 
                        funds (14-9973-0-7-999);
                            Claims, judgments, and relief acts (20-1895-
                        0-1-808);
                            Compact of Free Association (14-0415-0-1-
                        808);
                            Compensation of the President (11-0001-0-1-
                        802);
                            Conservation Reserve Program (12-2319-0-1-
                        302);
                            Customs Service, miscellaneous permanent 
                        appropriations (20-9922-0-2-806);
                            Comptroller of the Currency, Assessment 
                        funds (20-8413-0-8-373);
                            Dual benefits payments account (60-0111-0-1-
                        601);
                            Exchange stabilization fund (20-4444-0-3-
                        155);
                            Farm Credit Administration, Limitation on 
                        Administrative Expenses (78-4131-0-3-351);
                            Farm Credit System Financial Assistance 
                        Corporation, interest payment (20-1850-0-1-908);
                            Farm Credit System Financial Assistance 
                        Corporation, interest payments (20-1850-0-1-
                        351);
                            Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Bank 
                        Insurance Fund (51-4064-0-3-373);
                            Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, FSLIC 
                        Resolution Fund (51-4065-0-3-373);
                            Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
                        Savings Association Insurance Fund (51-4066-0-3-
                        373);
                            Federal Housing Finance Board (95-4039-0-3-
                        371);
                            Federal payment to the railroad retirement 
                        accounts (60-0113-0-1-601);
                            Foreign military sales trust fund (11-8242-
                        0-7-155);
                            Health professions graduate student loan 
                        insurance fund program account (75-0340-0-1-
                        552);
                            Higher education facilities loans (91-0240-
                        01-502);
                            Internal Revenue Collections for Puerto Rico 
                        (20-5737-0-2-806);
                            Intragovernmental funds, including those 
                        from which the outlays are derived primarily 
                        from resources paid in from other government 
                        accounts, except to the extent such funds are 
                        augmented by direct appropriations for the 
                        fiscal year during which an order is in effect;
                            Panama Canal Commission, Panama Canal 
                        Revolving Fund (95-4061-0-3-403);
                            Medical facilities guarantee and loan fund, 
                        Federal interest subsidies for medical 
                        facilities (75-9931-0-3-550);
                            National Credit Union Administration 
                        operating fund (25-4056-0-3-373);
                            National Credit Union Administration, 
                        Central liquidity facility (25-4470-0-3-373);
                            National Credit Union Administration, Credit 
                        union share insurance fund (25-4468-0-3-373);
                            Office of Thrift Supervision (20-4108-0-3-
                        373);
                            Payment of Vietnam and USS Pueblo prisoner-
                        of-war claims (15-0104-0-1-153);
                            Payment to civil service retirement and 
                        disability fund (24-0200-0-1-805);
                            Payment to Judiciary Trust Funds (10-0941-0-
                        1-752);
                            Payments to copyright owners (03-5175-0-2-
                        376);
                            Payments to health care trust funds (75-
                        0580-1-571);
                            Payments to military retirement fund (97-
                        0040-0-1-054);
                            Payments to social security trust funds (75-
                        0404-0-1-651);
                            Payments to the foreign service retirement 
                        and disability fund (11-1036-0-1-153 and 19-
                        0540-0-1-153);
                            Payments to trust funds from excise taxes or 
                        other receipts properly creditable to such trust 
                        funds;
                            Payments to the United States territories, 
                        fiscal assistance (14-0418-0-1-806);
                            Payments to widows and heirs of deceased 
                        Members of Congress (00-0215-0-1-801);
                            Postal service fund (18-4020-0-3-372);
                            Resolution Trust Corporation Revolving Fund 
                        (22-4055-0-3-373);
                            Salaries of Article III judges;
                            Soldiers and Airmen's Home, payment of 
                        claims (84-8930-0-7-705);
                            Southeastern Power Administration, 
                        Operations and maintenance (89-0302-0-1-271);
                            Southwestern Power Administration, 
                        Operations and maintenance (89-0303-0-1-271);
                            Tennessee Valley Authority Fund, except non-
                        power programs and activities (64-4110-0-3-999);
                            Thrift Savings Fund;
                            United States Enrichment Corporation (95-
                        4054-0-3-271);
                            Vaccine Injury Compensation (75-0320-0-1-
                        551);
                            Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Trust 
                        Fund (20-8175-0-7-551);
                            United States Enrichment Corporation;
                            Washington Metropolitan Area Transit 
                        Authority, interest payments (46-0300-0-1-401);
                            Western Area Power Administration, 
                        Construction, rehabilitation, operations, and 
                        maintenance (89-5068-0-2-271); and
                            Western Area Power Administration, Colorado 
                        River basins power marketing fund (89-4452-0-3-
                        271).
                (B) The following Federal retirement and disability 
            accounts and activities shall be exempt from reduction under 
            any order issued under this subchapter:
                            Black Lung Disability Trust Fund (20-8144-0-
                        7-601);
                            Central Intelligence Agency retirement and 
                        disability system fund (56-3400-0-1-054);
                            Civil service retirement and disability fund 
                        (24-8135-0-7-602);
                            Comptrollers general retirement system (05-
                        0107-0-1-801);
                            Foreign service retirement and disability 
                        fund (19-8186-0-7-602);
                            Judicial survivors' annuities fund (10-8110-
                        0-7-602);
                            Judicial Officers' Retirement Fund (10-8122-
                        0-7-602);
                            Claims Judges' Retirement Fund (10-8124-0-7-
                        602);
                            Special workers compensation expenses, 
                        Longshoremen's and harborworkers' compensation 
                        benefits (16-9971-0-7-601);
                            Military retirement fund (97-8097-0-7-602);
                            National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                        Administration retirement (13-1450-0-1-306);
                            Pensions for former Presidents (47-0105-0-1-
                        802);
                            Railroad Industry Pension Fund (60-8011-0-7-
                        601);
                            Railroad supplemental annuity pension fund 
                        (60-8012-0-7-602);
                            Retired pay, Coast Guard (69-0241-0-1-403);
                            Retirement pay and medical benefits for 
                        commissioned officers, Public Health Service 
                        (74-0379-0-1-551);
                            Special benefits, Federal Employees' 
                        Compensation Act (16-1521-0-1-600);
                            Special benefits for disabled coal miners 
                        (75-0409-0-1-601); and
                            Tax Court judges survivors annuity fund (23-
                        8115-0-7-602);
                (2) Prior legal obligations of the Government in the 
            following budget accounts and activities shall be exempt 
            from any order issued under this subchapter:
                            Biomass energy development (20-0114-0-1-
                        271);
                            United States Treasury check forgery 
                        insurance fund (20-4109-0-3-803);
                            Credit liquidating accounts;
                            Employees life insurance fund (24-8424-0-8-
                        602);
                            Energy security reserve (Synthetic Fuels 
                        Corporation) (20-0112-0-1-271);
                            Federal Aviation Administration, Aviation 
                        insurance revolving fund (69-4120-0-3-402);
                            Federal Crop Insurance Corporation fund (12-
                        4085-0-3-351);
                            Federal Emergency Management Agency, 
                        National flood insurance fund (58-4236-0-3-453);
                            Federal Emergency Management Agency, 
                        National insurance development fund (58-4235-0-
                        3-451);
                            Geothermal resources development fund (89-
                        0206-0-1-271);
                            Homeowners assistance fund, Defense (97-
                        4090-0-3-051);
                            International Trade Administration, 
                        Operations and administration (13-1250-0-1-376);
                            Low-rent public housing, Loans and other 
                        expenses (86-4098-0-3-604);
                            Maritime Administration, War-risk insurance 
                        revolving fund (69-4302-0-3-403);
                            Overseas Private Investment Corporation (71-
                        4030-0-3-151);
                            Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation fund 
                        (16-4204-0-3-601);
                            Rail service assistance (69-0122-0-1-401);
                            Department of Veterans Affairs, Servicemen's 
                        group life insurance fund (36-4009-0-3-701).
            (h) Low-income programs
                The following programs shall be exempt from reduction 
            under any order issued under this subchapter:
                            Block grants to States for temporary 
                        assistance for needy families;
                            Child nutrition programs (with the exception 
                        of special milk programs) (12-3539-0-1-605);
                            Temporary assistance for needy families (75-
                        1552-0-1-609);
                            Contingency fund (75-1522-0-1-609);
                            Child care entitlement to States (75-1550-0-
                        1-609);
                            Commodity supplemental food program (12-
                        3512-0-1-605);
                            Food stamp programs (12-3505-0-1-605 and 12-
                        3550-0-1-605);
                            Grants to States for Medicaid (75-0512-0-1-
                        551);
                            Supplemental Security Income Program (75-
                        0406-0-1-609); and
                            Special supplemental nutrition program for 
                        women, infants, and children (WIC) (12-3510-0-1-
                        605);
                            Family support payments to States (75-1501-
                        0-1-609).
            (i) Identification of programs
                For purposes of subsections (b), (g), and (h) of this 
            section, each account is identified by the designated budget 
            account identification code number set forth in the Budget 
            of the United States Government 1998--Appendix, and an 
            activity within an account is designated by the name of the 
            activity and the identification code number of the account. 
            (Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 255, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 
            1082; Pub. L. 99-509, Title VII, Sec. 7002(a), Oct. 21, 
            1986, 100 Stat. 1949; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 
            100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 100-86, Title V, Sec. 506(a), Aug. 
            10, 1987, 101 Stat. 634; Pub. L. 100-119, Title I, 
            Sec. 104(a)(1), (2), (b), (c)(1), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 
            775-777; Pub. L. 101-73, Title VII, Sec. 743(a), (c), Aug. 
            9, 1989, 103 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 101-220, Sec. 8, Dec. 12, 
            1989, 103 Stat. 1881; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13101(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-589; Pub. L. 
            102-54, Sec. 13(a), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 
            102-486, Title IX, Sec. 902(d), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 
            2944; Pub. L. 102-572, Title VI, Sec. 601, Oct. 29, 1992, 
            106 Stat. 4514; Pub. L. 104-193, Title I, Sec. 110(r)(1), 
            Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2175; Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, 
            Title II, Sec. 2704(d)(10), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-
            489; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10207, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 
            Stat. 704).
     399.46  Sec. 906. General and special sequestration rules.
            (a) Automatic spending increases
                Automatic spending increases are increases in outlays 
            due to changes in indexes in the following programs:
                            (1) Special milk program; and
                            (2) Vocational rehabilitation basic State 
                        grants.

            In those programs all amounts other than the automatic 
            spending increases shall be exempt from reduction under any 
            order issued under this subchapter.

            (b) Student loans
                For all student loans under part B or D of title IV of 
            the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1071 et seq., 
            1087a et seq.] made during the period when a sequestration 
            order under section 904 of this title is in effect as 
            required by section 902 or 903 of this title, origination 
            fees under sections 438(c)(2) and 455(c) of that Act [20 
            U.S.C. 1087-1(c)(2) and 1087e(c)] shall each be increased by 
            0.50 percentage point.
            (c) Treatment of foster care and adoption assistance 
                programs
                Any order issued by the President under section 904 of 
            this title shall make the reduction which is otherwise 
            required under the foster care and adoption assistance 
            programs (established by part E of title IV of the Social 
            Security Act [42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.]) only with respect to 
            payments and expenditures made by States in which increases 
            in foster care maintenance payment rates or adoption 
            assistance payment rates (or both) are to take effect during 
            the fiscal year involved, and only to the extent that the 
            required reduction can be accomplished by applying a uniform 
            percentage reduction to the Federal matching payments that 
            each such State would otherwise receive under section 474 of 
            that Act [42 U.S.C. 674] (for such fiscal year) for that 
            portion of the State's payments which is attributable to the 
            increases taking effect during that year. No State's 
            matching payments from the Federal Government for foster 
            care maintenance payments or for adoption assistance 
            maintenance payments may be reduced by a percentage 
            exceeding the applicable domestic sequestration percentage. 
            No State may, after December 12, 1985, make any change in 
            the timetable for making payments under a State plan 
            approved under part E of title IV of the Social Security Act 
            which has the effect of changing the fiscal year in which 
            expenditures under such part are made.
            (d) Special rules for Medicare program
                (1) Calculation of reduction in individual payment 
            amounts
                            To achieve the total percentage reduction in 
                        those programs required by sections 902 and 903 
                        of this title, and notwithstanding section 710 
                        of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 911], OMB 
                        shall determine, and the applicable Presidential 
                        order under section 904 of this title shall 
                        implement, the percentage reduction that shall 
                        apply to payments under the health insurance 
                        programs under title XVIII of the Social 
                        Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.] for 
                        services furnished after the order is issued, 
                        such that the reduction made in payments under 
                        that order shall achieve the required total 
                        percentage reduction in those payments for that 
                        fiscal year as determined on a 12-month basis.
                (2) Timing of application of reductions
                            (A) In general

                                Except as provided in subparagraph (B), 
                            if a reduction is made under paragraph (1) 
                            in payment amounts pursuant to a 
                            sequestration order, the reduction shall be 
                            applied to payment for services furnished 
                            during the effective period of the order. 
                            For purposes of the previous sentence, in 
                            the case of inpatient services furnished for 
                            an individual, the services shall be 
                            considered to be furnished on the date of 
                            the individual's discharge from the 
                            inpatient facility.

                            (B) Payment on the basis of cost reporting 
                        periods

                                In the case in which payment for 
                            services of a provider of services is made 
                            under title XVIII of the Social Security Act 
                            [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.] on a basis relating 
                            to the reasonable cost incurred for the 
                            services during a cost reporting period of 
                            the provider, if a reduction is made under 
                            paragraph (1) in payment amounts pursuant to 
                            a sequestration order, the reduction shall 
                            be applied to payment for costs for such 
                            services incurred at any time during each 
                            cost reporting period of the provider any 
                            part of which occurs during the effective 
                            period of the order, but only (for each such 
                            cost reporting period) in the same 
                            proportion as the fraction of the cost 
                            reporting period that occurs during the 
                            effective period of the order.

                (3) No increase in beneficiary charges in assignment-
            related cases
                            If a reduction in payment amounts is made 
                        under paragraph (1) for services for which 
                        payment under part B of title XVIII of the 
                        Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395j et seq.] is 
                        made on the basis of an assignment described in 
                        section 1842(b)(3)(B)(ii) [42 U.S.C. 
                        1395u(b)(3)(B)(ii)], in accordance with section 
                        1842(b)(6)(B) [42 U.S.C. 1395u(b)(6)(B)], or 
                        under the procedure described in section 
                        1870(f)(1) [42 U.S.C. 1395gg(f)(1)], of such 
                        Act, the person furnishing the services shall be 
                        considered to have accepted payment of the 
                        reasonable charge for the services, less any 
                        reduction in payment amount made pursuant to a 
                        sequestration order, as payment in full.
                (4) No effect on computation of AAPCC
                            In computing the adjusted average per capita 
                        cost for purposes of section 1876(a)(4) of the 
                        Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395mm(a)(4)], 
                        the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall 
                        not take into account any reductions in payment 
                        amounts which have been or may be affected under 
                        this subchapter.
            (e) Community and migrant health centers, Indian health 
                services and facilities, and veterans' medical care
                (1) The maximum permissible reduction in budget 
            authority for any account listed in paragraph (2) for any 
            fiscal year, pursuant to an order issued under section 904 
            of this title, shall be 2 percent.
                (2) The accounts referred to in paragraph (1) are as 
            follows:
                            (A) Community health centers (75-0350-0-1-
                        550).
                            (B) Migrant health centers (75-0350-0-1-
                        550).
                            (C) Indian health facilities (75-0391-0-1-
                        551).
                            (D) Indian health services (75-0390-0-1-
                        551).
                            (E) Veterans' medical care (36-0160-0-1-
                        703).

            For purposes of the preceding provisions of this paragraph, 
            programs are identified by the designated budget account 
            identification code numbers set forth in the Budget of the 
            United States Government--Appendix.

            (f) Treatment of child support enforcement program
                Notwithstanding any change in the display of budget 
            accounts, any order issued by the President under section 
            904 of this title shall accomplish the full amount of any 
            required reduction in expenditures under sections 455 and 
            458 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 655, 658) by 
            reducing the Federal matching rate for State administrative 
            costs under such program, as specified (for the fiscal year 
            involved) in section 455(a) of such Act, to the extent 
            necessary to reduce such expenditures by that amount.
            (g) Federal pay
                (1) In general
                            For purposes of any order issued under 
                        section 904 of this title--

                                (A) Federal pay under a statutory pay 
                            system, and

                                (B) elements of military pay,

            shall be subject to reduction under an order in the same 
            manner as other administrative expense components of the 
            Federal budget; except that no such order may reduce or have 
            the effect of reducing the rate of pay to which any 
            individual is entitled under any such statutory pay system 
            (as increased by any amount payable under section 5304 of 
            title 5 or section 302 of the Federal Employees Pay 
            Comparability Act of 1990) or the rate of any element of 
            military pay to which any individual is entitled under title 
            37, or any increase in rates of pay which is scheduled to 
            take effect under section 5303 of title 5, section 1009 of 
            title 37, or any other provision of law.

                (2) Definitions
                            For purposes of this subsection:

                                (A) The term ``statutory pay system'' 
                            shall have the meaning given that term in 
                            section 5302(1) of title 5.

                                (B) The term ``elements of military 
                            pay'' means--

                                        (i) the elements of compensation 
                                    of members of the uniformed services 
                                    specified in section 1009 of title 
                                    37,

                                        (ii) allowances provided members 
                                    of the uniformed services under 
                                    sections 403a and 405 of such title, 
                                    and

                                        (iii) cadet pay and midshipman 
                                    pay under section 203(c) of such 
                                    title.

                                (C) The term ``uniformed services'' 
                            shall have the meaning given that term in 
                            section 101(3) of title 37.

            (h) Treatment of Federal administrative expenses
                (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, 
            administrative expenses incurred by the departments and 
            agencies, including independent agencies, of the Federal 
            Government in connection with any program, project, 
            activity, or account shall be subject to reduction pursuant 
            to an order issued under section 904 of this title, without 
            regard to any exemption, exception, limitation, or special 
            rule which is otherwise applicable with respect to such 
            program, project, activity, or account under this 
            subchapter.
                (2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
            administrative expenses of any program, project, activity, 
            or account which is self-supporting and does not receive 
            appropriations shall be subject to reduction under a 
            sequester order, unless specifically exempted in this part.
                (3) Payments made by the Federal Government to reimburse 
            or match administrative costs incurred by a State or 
            political subdivision under or in connection with any 
            program, project, activity, or account shall not be 
            considered administrative expenses of the Federal Government 
            for purposes of this section, and shall be subject to 
            reduction or sequestration under this subchapter to the 
            extent (and only to the extent) that other payments made by 
            the Federal Government under or in connection with that 
            program, project, activity, or account are subject to such 
            reduction or sequestration; except that Federal payments 
            made to a State as reimbursement of administrative costs 
            incurred by such State under or in connection with the 
            unemployment compensation programs specified in subsection 
            (h)(1) of this section shall be subject to reduction or 
            sequestration under this subchapter notwithstanding the 
            exemption otherwise granted to such programs under that 
            subsection.
                (4) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, this 
            subsection shall not apply with respect to the following:
                            (A) Comptroller of the Currency.
                            (B) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
                            (C) Office of Thrift Supervision.
                            (D) National Credit Union Administration.
                            (E) National Credit Union Administration, 
                        central liquidity facility.
                            (F) Federal Retirement Thrift Investment 
                        Board.
                            (G) Resolution Trust Corporation.
                            (H) Farm Credit Administration.
            (i) Treatment of payments and advances made with respect to 
                unemployment compensation programs
                (1) For purposes of section 904 of this title--
                            (A) any amount paid as regular unemployment 
                        compensation by a State from its account in the 
                        Unemployment Trust Fund (established by section 
                        904(a) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 
                        1104(a)]),
                            (B) any advance made to a State from the 
                        Federal unemployment account (established by 
                        section 904(g) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1104(g)]) 
                        under Title XII of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1321 et 
                        seq.] and any advance appropriated to the 
                        Federal unemployment account pursuant to section 
                        1203 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1323], and
                            (C) any payment made from the Federal 
                        Employees Compensation Account (as established 
                        under section 909 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1109]) 
                        for the purpose of carrying out chapter 85 of 
                        title 5 and funds appropriated or transferred to 
                        or otherwise deposited in such Account,

            shall not be subject to reduction.

                (2)(A) A State may reduce each weekly benefit payment 
            made under the Federal-State Extended Unemployment 
            Compensation Act of 1970 for any week of unemployment 
            occurring during any period with respect to which payments 
            are reduced under an order issued under section 904 of this 
            title by a percentage not to exceed the percentage by which 
            the Federal payment to the State under section 204 of such 
            Act is to be reduced for such week as a result of such 
            order.
                (B) A reduction by a State in accordance with 
            subparagraph (A) shall not be considered as a failure to 
            fulfill the requirements of section 3304(a)(11) of title 26.
            (j) Commodity Credit Corporation
                (1) Powers and authorities of the Commodity Credit 
            Corporation
                            This title shall not restrict the Commodity 
                        Credit Corporation in the discharge of its 
                        authority and responsibility as a corporation to 
                        buy and sell commodities in world trade, to use 
                        the proceeds as a revolving fund to meet other 
                        obligations and otherwise operate as a 
                        corporation, the purpose of which it was 
                        created.
                (2) Reduction in payments made under contracts
                            (A) Loan eligibility under any contract 
                        entered into with a person by the Commodity 
                        Credit Corporation prior to the time an order 
                        has been issued under section 904 of this title 
                        shall not be reduced by an order subsequently 
                        issued. Subject to subparagraph (B), after an 
                        order is issued under such section for a fiscal 
                        year, any cash payments for loans or loan 
                        deficiencies made by the Commodity Credit 
                        Corporation shall be subject to reduction under 
                        the order.
                            (B) Each loan contract entered into with 
                        producers or producer cooperatives with respect 
                        to a particular crop of a commodity and subject 
                        to reduction under subparagraph (A) shall be 
                        reduced in accordance with the same terms and 
                        conditions. If some, but not all, contracts 
                        applicable to a crop of a commodity have been 
                        entered into prior to the issuance of an order 
                        under section 904 of this title, the order shall 
                        provide that the necessary reduction in payments 
                        under contracts applicable to the commodity be 
                        uniformly applied to all contracts for the next 
                        succeeding crop of the commodity, under the 
                        authority provided in paragraph (3).
                (3) Delayed reduction in outlays permissible
                            Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
                        title, if an order under section 904 of this 
                        title is issued with respect to a fiscal year, 
                        any reduction under the order applicable to 
                        contracts described in paragraph (1) may provide 
                        for reductions in outlays for the account 
                        involved to occur in the fiscal year following 
                        the fiscal year to which the order applies.
                (4) Uniform percentage rate of reduction and other 
            limitations
                            All reductions described in paragraph (2) 
                        which are required to be made in connection with 
                        an order issued under section 904 of this title 
                        with respect to a fiscal year shall be made so 
                        as to ensure that outlays for each program, 
                        project, activity, or account involved are 
                        reduced by a percentage rate that is uniform for 
                        all such programs, projects, activities, and 
                        accounts, and may not be made so as to achieve a 
                        percentage rate of reduction in any such item 
                        exceeding the rate specified in the order.
                (5) Dairy program
                            Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
                        subsection, as the sole means of achieving any 
                        reduction in outlays under the milk price 
                        support program, the Secretary of Agriculture 
                        shall provide for a reduction to be made in the 
                        price received by producers for all milk 
                        produced in the United States and marketed by 
                        producers for commercial use. That price 
                        reduction (measured in cents per hundred weight 
                        of milk marketed) shall occur under section 
                        201(d)(2)(A) of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 
                        U.S.C. 1446(d)(2)(A)), shall begin on the day 
                        any sequestration order is issued under section 
                        904 of this title, and shall not exceed the 
                        aggregate amount of the reduction in outlays 
                        under the milk price support program that 
                        otherwise would have been achieved by reducing 
                        payments for the purchase of milk or the 
                        products of milk under this subsection during 
                        the applicable fiscal year.
                (6) Certain authority not to be limited
                            Nothing in this joint resolution shall limit 
                        or reduce, in any way, any appropriation that 
                        provides the Commodity Credit Corporation with 
                        budget authority to cover the Corporation's net 
                        realized losses.
            (k) Effects of sequestration
                The effects of sequestration shall be as follows:
                            (1) Budgetary resources sequestered from any 
                        account shall be permanently cancelled, except 
                        as provided in paragraph (5).
                            (2) Except as otherwise provided, the same 
                        percentage sequestration shall apply to all 
                        programs, projects, and activities within a 
                        budget account (with programs, projects, and 
                        activities as delineated in the appropriation 
                        Act or accompanying report for the relevant 
                        fiscal year covering that account, or for 
                        accounts not included in appropriation Acts, as 
                        delineated in the most recently submitted 
                        President's budget).
                            (3) Administrative regulations or similar 
                        actions implementing a sequestration shall be 
                        made within 120 days of the sequestration order. 
                        To the extent that formula allocations differ at 
                        different levels of budgetary resources within 
                        an account, program, project, or activity, the 
                        sequestration shall be interpreted as producing 
                        a lower total appropriation, with the remaining 
                        amount of the appropriation being obligated in a 
                        manner consistent with program allocation 
                        formulas in substantive law.
                            (4) Except as otherwise provided, 
                        obligations in sequestered accounts shall be 
                        reduced only in the fiscal year in which a 
                        sequester occurs.
                            (5) If an automatic spending increase is 
                        sequestered, the increase (in the applicable 
                        index) that was disregarded as a result of that 
                        sequestration shall not be taken into account in 
                        any subsequent fiscal year.
                            (6) Budgetary resources sequestered in 
                        revolving, trust, and special fund accounts and 
                        offsetting collections sequestered in 
                        appropriation accounts shall not be available 
                        for obligation during the fiscal year in which 
                        the sequestration occurs, but shall be available 
                        in subsequent years to the extent otherwise 
                        provided in law. (Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, 
                        Sec. 256, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1086; Pub. L. 
                        99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; 
                        Pub. L. 100-86, Title V, Sec. 506(b), Aug. 10, 
                        1987, 101 Stat. 634; Pub. L. 100-119, Title I, 
                        Sec. Sec. 102 (b)(2), (3), (11), 104(a)(3), (4), 
                        Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 773, 775, 776; Pub. L. 
                        101-73, Title VII, Sec. 743(b), Aug. 9, 1989, 
                        103 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
                        Sec. 13101(d), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-589; 
                        Pub. L. 101-509, Title V, Sec. 529 [Title I, 
                        Sec. 101(b)(2)(A), (4)(H)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 
                        Stat. 1427, 1439, 1440; Pub. L. 104-193, Title 
                        I, Sec. 110(r)(2), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 
                        2175; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10208(a)(1), 
                        (b)-(g), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 708-710.)
     399.47  Sec. 907. The baseline.
            (a) In general
                For any budget year, the baseline refers to a projection 
            of current-year levels of new budget authority, outlays, 
            revenues, and the surplus or deficit into the budget year 
            and the outyears based on laws enacted through the 
            applicable date.
            (b) Direct spending and receipts
                For the budget year and each outyear, the baseline shall 
            be calculated using the following assumptions:
                            (1) In general

                                Laws providing or creating direct 
                            spending and receipts are assumed to operate 
                            in the manner specified in those laws for 
                            each such year and funding for entitlement 
                            authority is assumed to be adequate to make 
                            all payments required by those laws.

                            (2) Exceptions

                                (A)(i) No program established by a law 
                            enacted on or before August 5, 1997 with 
                            estimated current year outlays greater than 
                            $50,000,000 shall be assumed to expire in 
                            the budget year or the outyears. The scoring 
                            of new programs with estimated outlays 
                            greater than $50,000,000 a year shall be 
                            based on scoring by the Committees on Budget 
                            or OMB, as applicable. OMB, CBO, and the 
                            Budget Committees shall consult on the 
                            scoring of such programs where there are 
                            differences between CBO and OMB.

                                (ii) On the expiration of the suspension 
                            of a provision of law that is suspended 
                            under section 171 of Public Law 104-127 and 
                            that authorizes a program with estimated 
                            fiscal year outlays that are greater than 
                            $50,000,000, for purposes of clause (i), the 
                            program shall be assumed to continue to 
                            operate in the same manner as the program 
                            operated immediately before the expiration 
                            of the suspension.

                                (B) The increase for veterans' 
                            compensation for a fiscal year is assumed to 
                            be the same as that required by law for 
                            veterans' pensions unless otherwise provided 
                            by law enacted in that session.

                                (C) Excise taxes dedicated to a trust 
                            fund, if expiring, are assumed to be 
                            extended at current rates.

                                (D) If any law expires before the budget 
                            year or any outyear, then any program with 
                            estimated current year outlays greater than 
                            $50,000,000 that operates under the law 
                            shall be assumed to continue to operate 
                            under that law as in effect immediately 
                            before its expiration.

                            (3) Hospital Insurance Trust Fund

                                Notwithstanding any other provision of 
                            law, the receipts and disbursements of the 
                            Hospital Insurance Trust Fund shall be 
                            included in all calculations required by 
                            this Act.

            (c) Discretionary appropriations
                For the budget year and each outyear, the baseline shall 
            be calculated using the following assumptions regarding all 
            amounts other than those covered by subsection (b) of this 
            section:
                            (1) Inflation of current-year appropriations

                                Budgetary resources other than 
                            unobligated balances shall be at the level 
                            provided for the budget year in full-year 
                            appropriation Acts. If for any account a 
                            full-year appropriation has not yet been 
                            enacted, budgetary resources other than 
                            obligated balances shall be at the level 
                            available in the current year, adjusted 
                            sequentially and cumulatively for expiring 
                            housing contracts as specified in paragraph 
                            (2), for social insurance administrative 
                            expenses as specified in paragraph (3), to 
                            offset pay absorption and for pay 
                            annualization as specified in paragraph (4), 
                            for inflation as specified in paragraph (5), 
                            and to account for changes required by law 
                            in the level of agency payments for 
                            personnel benefits other than pay.

                            (2) Expiring housing contracts

                                New budget authority to renew expiring 
                            multiyear subsidized housing contracts shall 
                            be adjusted to reflect the difference in the 
                            number of such contracts that are scheduled 
                            to expire in that fiscal year and the number 
                            expiring in the current year, with the per-
                            contract renewal cost equal to the average 
                            current year cost of renewal contracts.

                            (3) Social insurance administrative expenses

                                Budgetary resources for the 
                            administrative expenses of the following 
                            trust funds shall be adjusted by the 
                            percentage change in the beneficiary 
                            population from the current year to that 
                            fiscal year: the Federal Hospital Insurance 
                            Trust Fund, the Supplementary Medical 
                            Insurance Trust Fund, the Unemployment Trust 
                            Fund, and the railroad retirement account.

                            (4) Pay annualization; offset to pay 
                        absorption

                                Current-year new budget authority for 
                            Federal employees shall be adjusted to 
                            reflect the full 12-month costs (without 
                            absorption) of any pay adjustment that 
                            occurred in that fiscal year.

                            (5) Inflators

                                The inflator used in paragraph (1) to 
                            adjust budgetary resources relating to 
                            personnel shall be the percent by which the 
                            average of the Bureau of Labor Statistics 
                            Employment Cost Index (wages and salaries, 
                            private industry workers) for that fiscal 
                            year differs from such index for the current 
                            year. The inflator used in paragraph (1) to 
                            adjust all other budgetary resources shall 
                            be the percent by which the average of the 
                            estimated gross domestic product chain-type 
                            index for that fiscal year differs from the 
                            average of such estimated index for the 
                            current year.

                            (6) Current-year appropriations

                                If, for any account, a continuing 
                            appropriation is in effect for less than the 
                            entire current year, then the current-year 
                            amount shall be assumed to equal the amount 
                            that would be available if that continuing 
                            appropriation covered the entire fiscal 
                            year. If law permits the transfer of budget 
                            authority among budget accounts in the 
                            current year, the current-year level for an 
                            account shall reflect transfers accomplished 
                            by the submission of, or assumed for the 
                            current year in, the President's original 
                            budget for the budget year.

            (d) Up-to-date concepts
                In deriving the balance for any budget year or outyear, 
            current-year amount shall be calculated using the concepts 
            and definitions that are required for the budget year.
            (e) Asset sales
                Amounts realized from the sale of an asset shall not be 
            included in estimates under section 901, 902, or 903 of this 
            title if that sale would result in a financial cost to the 
            Federal Government as determined pursuant to scorekeeping 
            guidelines.
                (Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 257, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 
            Stat. 1092; Pub. L. 100-119, Title I, Sec. 102(b) (4)-(8), 
            104(c)(2), 106(b), Sept. 29, 1987; 101 Stat. 773, 774, 777, 
            780; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13101(b), (e) Nov. 5, 
            1990, 104 Stat. 1388-589, 1388-591, 1388-593; Pub. L. 105-
            33, Title X, Sec. 10209(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 710.)
   399.47a  Sec. 907a. Suspension in the event of war or low growth.
            (a) Procedures in the event of a low growth report
                (1) Trigger
                            Whenever CBO issues a low-growth report 
                        under section 904(j), of this title, the 
                        Majority Leader of the House of Representatives 
                        may, and the Majority Leader of the Senate 
                        shall, introduce a joint resolution (in the form 
                        set forth in paragraph (2)) declaring that the 
                        conditions specified in section 904(j) of this 
                        title are met and suspending the relevant 
                        provisions of this title, titles III and VI of 
                        the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, and 
                        section 1103 of title 31.
                (2) Form of joint resolution
                            (A) The matter after the resolving clause in 
                        any joint resolution introduced pursuant to 
                        paragraph (1) shall be as follows: ``That the 
                        Congress declares that the conditions specified 
                        in section 254(j) of the Balanced Budget and 
                        Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 are met, 
                        and the implementation of the Congressional 
                        Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, 
                        chapter 11 of title 31, United States Code, and 
                        part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
                        Deficit Control Act of 1985 are modified as 
                        described in section 258(b) of the Balanced 
                        Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
                        1985.''
                            (B) The title of the joint resolution shall 
                        be ``Joint resolution suspending certain 
                        provisions of law pursuant to section 258(a)(2) 
                        of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
                        Control Act of 1985.''; and the joint resolution 
                        shall not contain any preamble.
                (3) Committee action
                            Each joint resolution introduced pursuant to 
                        paragraph (1) shall be referred to the 
                        appropriate committees of the House of 
                        Representatives or the Committee on the Budget 
                        of the Senate, as the case may be; and such 
                        Committee shall report the joint resolution to 
                        its House without amendment on or before the 
                        fifth day on which such House is in session 
                        after the date on which the joint resolution is 
                        introduced. If the Committee fails to report the 
                        joint resolution within the five-day period 
                        referred to in the preceding sentence, it shall 
                        be automatically discharged from further 
                        consideration of the joint resolution, and the 
                        joint resolution shall be placed on the 
                        appropriate calendar.
                (4) Consideration of joint resolution
                            (A) A vote on final passage of a joint 
                        resolution reported to the Senate or discharged 
                        pursuant to paragraph (3) shall be taken on or 
                        before the close of the fifth calendar day of 
                        session after the date on which the joint 
                        resolution is reported or after the Committee 
                        has been discharged from further consideration 
                        of the joint resolution. If prior to the passage 
                        by one House of a joint resolution of that 
                        House, that House receives the same joint 
                        resolution from the other House, then--

                                (i) the procedure in that House shall be 
                            the same as if no such joint resolution had 
                            been received from the other House, but

                                (ii) the vote on final passage shall be 
                            on the joint resolution of the other House.

            When the joint resolution is agreed to, the Clerk of the 
            House of Representatives (in the case of a House joint 
            resolution agreed to in the House of Representatives) or the 
            Secretary of the Senate (in the case of a Senate joint 
            resolution agreed to in the Senate) shall cause the joint 
            resolution to be engrossed, certified, and transmitted to 
            the other House of the Congress as soon as practicable.

                            (B)(i) In the Senate, a joint resolution 
                        under this paragraph shall be privileged. It 
                        shall not be in order to move to reconsider the 
                        vote by which the motion is agreed to or 
                        disagreed to.
                            (ii) Debate in the Senate on a joint 
                        resolution under this paragraph, and all 
                        debatable motions and appeals in connection 
                        therewith, shall be limited to not more than 
                        five hours. The time shall be equally divided 
                        between, and controlled by, the majority leader 
                        and the minority leader or their designees.
                            (iii) Debate in the Senate on any debatable 
                        motion or appeal in connection with a joint 
                        resolution under this paragraph shall be limited 
                        to not more than one hour, to be equally divided 
                        between, and controlled by, the mover and the 
                        manager of the joint resolution, except that in 
                        the event the manager of the joint resolution is 
                        in favor of any such motion or appeal, the time 
                        in opposition thereto shall be controlled by the 
                        minority leader or his designee.
                            (iv) A motion in the Senate to further limit 
                        debate on a joint resolution under this 
                        paragraph is not debatable. A motion to table or 
                        to recommit a joint resolution under this 
                        paragraph is not in order.
                            (C) No amendment to a joint resolution 
                        considered under this paragraph shall be in 
                        order in the Senate.
            (b) Suspension of sequestration procedures
                Upon the enactment of a declaration of war or a joint 
            resolution described in subsection (a) of this section--
                            (1) the subsequent issuance of any 
                        sequestration report or any sequestration order 
                        is precluded;
                            (2) sections 633(f), 641(d), 642(a) of this 
                        title, and title VI of the Congressional Budget 
                        Act of 1974 are suspended; and
                            (3) section 1103 of title 31 is suspended.
            (c) Restoration of sequestration procedures
                (1) In the event of a suspension of sequestration 
            procedures due to a declaration of war, then, effective with 
            the first fiscal year that begins in the session after the 
            state of war is concluded by Senate ratification of the 
            necessary treaties, the provisions of subsection (b) of this 
            section triggered by that declaration of war are no longer 
            effective.
                (2) In the event of a suspension of sequestration 
            procedures due to the enactment of a joint resolution 
            described in subsection (a) of this section, then, effective 
            with regard to the first fiscal year beginning at least 12 
            months after the enactment of that resolution, the 
            provisions of subsection (b) of this section triggered by 
            that resolution are no longer effective. (Pub. L. 99-177, 
            Title II, Sec. 258, as added Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13101(f), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-593.)
    399.47b  Sec. 907b. Modification of Presidential order.
            (a) Introduction of joint resolution
                At any time after the Director of OMB issues a final 
            sequestration report under section 904 of this title for a 
            fiscal year, but before the close of the twentieth calendar 
            day of the session of Congress beginning after the date of 
            issuance of such report, the majority leader of either House 
            of Congress may introduce a joint resolution which contains 
            provisions directing the President to modify the most recent 
            order issued under section 904 of this title or provide an 
            alternative to reduce the deficit for such fiscal year. 
            After the introduction of the first such joint resolution in 
            either House of Congress in any calendar year, then no other 
            joint resolution introduced in such House in such calendar 
            year shall be subject to the procedures set forth in this 
            section.
            (b) Procedures for consideration of joint resolutions
                (1) Referral to committee
                            A joint resolution introduced in the Senate 
                        under subsection (a) of this section shall not 
                        be referred to a committee of the Senate and 
                        shall be placed on the calendar pending 
                        disposition of such joint resolution in 
                        accordance with this subsection.
                (2) Consideration in the Senate
                            On or after the third calendar day 
                        (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal 
                        holidays) beginning after a joint resolution is 
                        introduced under subsection (a) of this section, 
                        notwithstanding any rule or precedent of the 
                        Senate, including Rule XXII of the Standing 
                        Rules of the Senate, it is in order (even though 
                        a previous motion to the same effect has been 
                        disagreed to) for any Member of the Senate to 
                        move to proceed to the consideration of the 
                        joint resolution. The motion is not in order 
                        after the eighth calendar day (excluding 
                        Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) 
                        beginning after a joint resolution (to which the 
                        motion applies) is introduced. The joint 
                        resolution is privileged in the Senate. A motion 
                        to reconsider the vote by which the motion is 
                        agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order. 
                        If a motion to proceed to the consideration of 
                        the joint resolution is agreed to, the Senate 
                        shall immediately proceed to consideration of 
                        the joint resolution without intervening motion, 
                        order, or other business, and the joint 
                        resolution shall remain the unfinished business 
                        of the Senate until disposed of.
                (3) Debate in the Senate
                            (A) In the Senate, debate on a joint 
                        resolution introduced under subsection (a) of 
                        this section, amendments thereto, and all 
                        debatable motions and appeals in connection 
                        therewith shall be limited to not more than 10 
                        hours, which shall be divided equally between 
                        the majority leader and the minority leader (or 
                        their designees).
                            (B) A motion to postpone, or a motion to 
                        proceed to the consideration of other business 
                        is not in order. A motion to reconsider the vote 
                        by which the joint resolution is agreed to or 
                        disagreed to is not in order, and a motion to 
                        recommit the joint resolution is not in order.
                            (C)(i) No amendment that is not germane to 
                        the provisions of the joint resolution or to the 
                        order issued under section 904 of this title 
                        shall be in order in the Senate. In the Senate, 
                        an amendment, any amendment to an amendment, or 
                        any debatable motion or appeal is debatable for 
                        not to exceed 30 minutes to be equally divided 
                        between, and controlled by, the mover and the 
                        majority leader (or their designees), except 
                        that in the event that the majority leader 
                        favors the amendment, motion, or appeal, the 
                        minority leader (or the minority leader's 
                        designee) shall control the time in opposition 
                        to the amendment, motion, or appeal.
                            (ii) In the Senate an amendment that is 
                        otherwise in order shall be in order 
                        notwithstanding the fact that it amends the 
                        joint resolution in more than one place or 
                        amends language previously amended. It shall not 
                        be in order in the Senate to vote on the 
                        question of agreeing to such a joint resolution 
                        or any amendment thereto unless the figures then 
                        contained in such joint resolution or amendment 
                        are mathematically consistent.
                (4) Vote on final passage
                            Immediately following the conclusion of the 
                        debate on a joint resolution introduced under 
                        subsection (a) of this section, a single quorum 
                        call at the conclusion of the debate if 
                        requested in accordance with the rules of the 
                        Senate, and the disposition of any pending 
                        amendments under paragraph (3), the vote on 
                        final passage of the joint resolution shall 
                        occur.
                (5) Appeals
                            Appeals from the decisions of the Chair 
                        shall be decided without debate.
                (6) Conference reports
                            In the Senate, points of order under titles 
                        III, IV, and VI of the Congressional Budget Act 
                        of 1974 are applicable to a conference report on 
                        the joint resolution or any amendments in 
                        disagreement thereto.
                (7) Resolution from other House
                            If, before the passage by the Senate of a 
                        joint resolution of the Senate introduced under 
                        subsection (a) of this section, the Senate 
                        receives from the House of Representatives, a 
                        joint resolution introduced under subsection (a) 
                        of this section, then the following procedures 
                        shall apply:

                                (A) The joint resolution of the House of 
                            Representatives shall not be referred to a 
                            committee and shall be placed on the 
                            calendar.

                                (B) With respect to a joint resolution 
                            introduced under subsection (a) of this 
                            section in the Senate--

                                        (i) the procedure in the Senate 
                                    shall be the same as if no joint 
                                    resolution had been received from 
                                    the House; but

                                        (ii)(I) the vote on final 
                                    passage shall be on the joint 
                                    resolution of the House if it is 
                                    identical to the joint resolution 
                                    then pending for passage in the 
                                    Senate; or

                                        (II) if the joint resolution 
                                    from the House is not identical to 
                                    the joint resolution then pending 
                                    for passage in the Senate and the 
                                    Senate then passes the Senate joint 
                                    resolution, the Senate shall be 
                                    considered to have passed the House 
                                    joint resolution as amended by the 
                                    text of the Senate joint resolution.

                                (C) Upon disposition of the joint 
                            resolution received from the House, it shall 
                            no longer be in order to consider the 
                            resolution originated in the Senate.

                (8) Senate action on House resolution 
                            If the Senate receives from the House of 
                        Representatives a joint resolution introduced 
                        under subsection (a) of this section after the 
                        Senate has disposed of a Senate originated 
                        resolution which is identical to the House 
                        passed joint resolution, the action of the 
                        Senate with regard to the disposition of the 
                        Senate originated joint resolution shall be 
                        deemed to be the action of the Senate with 
                        regard to the House originated joint resolution. 
                        If it is not identical to the House passed joint 
                        resolution, then the Senate shall be considered 
                        to have passed the joint resolution of the House 
                        as amended by the text of the Senate joint 
                        resolution. (Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, 
                        Sec. 258A, as added Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
                        Sec. 13101(f), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-
                        595.)
    399.47c  Sec. 907c. Flexibility among defense programs, projects, and 
                activities.
                (a) Subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this 
            section, new budget authority and unobligated balances for 
            any programs, projects, or activities within major 
            functional category 050 (other than a military personnel 
            account) may be further reduced beyond the amount specified 
            in an order issued by the President under section 904 of 
            this title for such fiscal year. To the extent such 
            additional reductions are made and result in additional 
            outlay reductions, the President may provide for lesser 
            reductions in new budget authority and unobligated balances 
            for other programs, projects, or activities within major 
            functional category 050 for such fiscal year, but only to 
            the extent that the resulting outlay increases do not exceed 
            the additional outlay reductions, and no such program, 
            project, or activity may be increased above the level 
            actually made available by law in appropriation Acts (before 
            taking sequestration into account). In making calculations 
            under this subsection, the President shall use account 
            outlay rates that are identical to those used in the report 
            by the Director of OMB under section 904 of this title.
                (b) No actions taken by the President under subsection 
            (a) of this section for a fiscal year may result in a 
            domestic base closure or realignment that would otherwise be 
            subject to section 2687 of title 10.
                (c) The President may not exercise the authority 
            provided by this paragraph for a fiscal year unless--
                            (1) the President submits a single report to 
                        Congress specifying, for each account, the 
                        detailed changes proposed to be made for such 
                        fiscal year pursuant to this section;
                            (2) that report is submitted within 5 
                        calendar days of the start of the next session 
                        of Congress; and
                            (3) a joint resolution affirming or 
                        modifying the changes proposed by the President 
                        pursuant to this paragraph becomes law.
                (d) Within 5 calendar days of session after the 
            President submits a report to Congress under subsection 
            (c)(1) of this section for a fiscal year, the majority 
            leader of each House of Congress shall (by request) 
            introduce a joint resolution which contains provisions 
            affirming the changes proposed by the President pursuant to 
            this paragraph.
                (e)(1) The matter after the resolving clause in any 
            joint resolution introduced pursuant to subsection (d) of 
            this section shall be as follows: ``That the report of the 
            President as submitted on [Insert Date] under section 258B 
            is hereby approved.''.
                (2) The title of the joint resolution shall be ``Joint 
            resolution approving the report of the President submitted 
            under section 258B of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
            Deficit Control Act of 1985.''.
                (3) Such joint resolution shall not contain any 
            preamble.
                (f)(1) A joint resolution introduced in the Senate under 
            subsection (d) of this section shall be referred to the 
            Committee on Appropriations, and if not reported within 5 
            calendar days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal 
            holidays) from the date of introduction shall be considered 
            as having been discharged therefrom and shall be placed on 
            the appropriate calendar pending disposition of such joint 
            resolution in accordance with this subsection. In the 
            Senate, no amendment proposed in the Committee on 
            Appropriations shall be in order other than an amendment (in 
            the nature of a substitute) that is germane or relevant to 
            the provisions of the joint resolution or to the order 
            issued under section 904 of this title. For purposes of this 
            paragraph, an amendment shall be considered to be relevant 
            if it relates to function 050 (national defense).
                (2) On or after the third calendar day (excluding 
            Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) beginning after a 
            joint resolution is placed on the Senate calendar, 
            notwithstanding any rule or precedent of the Senate, 
            including Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it 
            is in order (even though a previous motion to the same 
            effect has been disagreed to) for any Member of the Senate 
            to move to proceed to the consideration of the joint 
            resolution. The motion is not in order after the eighth 
            calendar day (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal 
            holidays) beginning after such joint resolution is placed on 
            the appropriate calendar. The motion is not debatable. The 
            joint resolution is privileged in the Senate. A motion to 
            reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or 
            disagreed to shall not be in order. If a motion to proceed 
            to the consideration of the joint resolution is agreed to, 
            the Senate shall immediately proceed to consideration of the 
            joint resolution without intervening motion, order, or other 
            business, and the joint resolution shall remain the 
            unfinished business of the Senate until disposed of.
                (g)(1) In the Senate, debate on a joint resolution 
            introduced under subsection (d) of this section, amendments 
            thereto, and all debatable motions and appeals in connection 
            therewith shall be limited to not more than 10 hours, which 
            shall be divided equally between the majority leader and the 
            minority leader (or their designees).
                (2) A motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the 
            consideration of other business is not in order. A motion to 
            reconsider the vote by which the joint resolution is agreed 
            to or disagreed to is not in order. In the Senate, a motion 
            to recommit the joint resolution is not in order.
                (h)(1) No amendment that is not germane or relevant to 
            the provisions of the joint resolution or to the order 
            issued under section 904 of this title shall be in order in 
            the Senate. For purposes of this paragraph, an amendment 
            shall be considered to be relevant if it relates to function 
            050 (national defense). In the Senate, an amendment, any 
            amendment to an amendment, or any debatable motion or appeal 
            is debatable for not to exceed 30 minutes to be equally 
            divided between, and controlled by, the mover and the 
            majority leader (or their designees), except that in the 
            event that the majority leader favors the amendment, motion, 
            or appeal, the minority leader (or the minority leader's 
            designee) shall control the time in opposition to the 
            amendment, motion, or appeal.
                (2) In the Senate, an amendment that is otherwise in 
            order shall be in order notwithstanding the fact that it 
            amends the joint resolution in more than one place or amends 
            language previously amended, so long as the amendment makes 
            or maintains mathematical consistency. It shall not be in 
            order in the Senate to vote on the question of agreeing to 
            such a joint resolution or any amendment thereto unless the 
            figures then contained in such joint resolution or amendment 
            are mathematically consistent.
                (3) It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider 
            any amendment to any joint resolution introduced under 
            subsection (d) of this section or any conference report 
            thereon if such amendment or conference report would have 
            the effect of decreasing any specific budget outlay 
            reductions below the level of such outlay reductions 
            provided in such joint resolution unless such amendment or 
            conference report makes a reduction in other specific budget 
            outlays at least equivalent to any increase in outlays 
            provided by such amendment or conference report.
                (4) For purposes of the application of paragraph (3), 
            the level of outlays and specific budget outlay reductions 
            provided in an amendment shall be determined on the basis of 
            estimates made by the Committee on the Budget of the Senate.
                (i) Immediately following the conclusion of the debate 
            on a joint resolution introduced under subsection (d) of 
            this section, a single quorum call at the conclusion of the 
            debate if requested in accordance with the rules of the 
            Senate, and the disposition of any pending amendments under 
            subsection (h) of this section, the vote on final passage of 
            the joint resolution shall occur.
                (j) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to 
            the application of the rules of the Senate to the procedure 
            relating to a joint resolution described in subsection (d) 
            of this section shall be decided without debate.
                (k) In the Senate, points of order under titles III and 
            IV of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (including points 
            of order under sections 633(c), 634(a), 637, and 651(b)(1) 
            of this title) are applicable to a conference report on the 
            joint resolution or any amendments in disagreement thereto.
                (l) If, before the passage by the Senate of a joint 
            resolution of the Senate introduced under subsection (d) of 
            this section, the Senate receives from the House of 
            Representatives a joint resolution introduced under 
            subsection (d) of this section, then the following 
            procedures shall apply:
                            (1) The joint resolution of the House of 
                        Representatives shall not be referred to a 
                        committee.
                            (2) With respect to a joint resolution 
                        introduced under subsection (d) of this section 
                        in the Senate--

                                (A) the procedure in the Senate shall be 
                            the same as if no joint resolution had been 
                            received from the House; but

                                (B)(i) the vote on final passage shall 
                            be on the joint resolution of the House if 
                            it is identical to the joint resolution then 
                            pending for passage in the Senate; or

                                (ii) if the joint resolution from the 
                            House is not identical to the joint 
                            resolution then pending for passage in the 
                            Senate and the Senate then passes the Senate 
                            joint resolution, the Senate shall be 
                            considered to have passed the House joint 
                            resolution as amended by the text of the 
                            Senate joint resolution.

                            (3) Upon disposition of the joint resolution 
                        received from the House, it shall no longer be 
                        in order to consider the joint resolution 
                        originated in the Senate.
                (m) If the Senate receives from the House of 
            Representatives a joint resolution introduced under 
            subsection (d) of this section after the Senate has disposed 
            of a Senate originated joint resolution which is identical 
            to the House passed joint resolution, the action of the 
            Senate with regard to the disposition of the Senate 
            originated joint resolution shall be deemed to be the action 
            of the Senate with regard to the House originated joint 
            resolution. If it is not identical to the House passed joint 
            resolution, then the Senate shall be considered to have 
            passed the joint resolution of the House as amended by the 
            text of the Senate joint resolution. (Pub. L. 99-177, Title 
            II, Sec. 258B, as added Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13101(g), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-597.)
    399.47d  Sec. 907d. Special reconciliation process.
            (a) Reporting of a resolutions and reconciliation bills and 
                resolutions, in the Senate
                (1) Committee alternatives to Presidential order
                            After the submission of an OMB sequestration 
                        update report under section 904 of this title 
                        that envisions a sequestration under section 902 
                        or 903 of this title, each standing committee of 
                        the Senate may, not later than October 10, 
                        submit to the Committee on the Budget of the 
                        Senate information of the type described in 
                        section 632(d) of this title with respect to 
                        alternatives to the order envisioned by such 
                        report insofar as such order affects laws within 
                        the jurisdiction of the committee.
                (2) Initial Budget Committee action
                            After the submission of such a report, the 
                        Committee on the Budget of the Senate may, not 
                        later than October 15, report to the Senate a 
                        resolution. The resolution may affirm the impact 
                        of the order envisioned by such report, in whole 
                        or in part. The the extent that any part is not 
                        affirmed, the resolution shall state which parts 
                        are not affirmed and shall contain instructions 
                        to committees of the Senate of the type referred 
                        to in section 641(a) of this title, sufficient 
                        to achieve at least the total level of deficit 
                        reduction contained in those sections which are 
                        not affirmed.
                (3) Response of committees
                            Committees instructed pursuant to paragraph 
                        (2), or affected thereby, shall submit their 
                        responses to the Budget Committee no later than 
                        10 days after the resolution referred to in 
                        paragraph (2) is agreed to, except that if only 
                        one such Committee is so instructed such 
                        Committee shall, by the same date, report to the 
                        Senate a reconciliation bill or reconciliation 
                        resolution containing its recommendations in 
                        response to such instructions. A committee shall 
                        be considered to have a complied with all 
                        instructions to it pursuant to a resolution 
                        adopted under paragraph (2) if it has made 
                        recommendations with respect to matters within 
                        its jurisdiction which would result in a 
                        reduction in the deficit at least equal to the 
                        total reduction directed by such instructions.
                (4) Budget Committee action
                            Upon receipt of its recommendations received 
                        in response to a resolution referred to in 
                        paragraph (2), the Budget Committee shall report 
                        to the Senate a reconciliation bill or 
                        reconciliation resolution, or both, carrying out 
                        all such recommendations without any substantive 
                        revisions. In the event that a committee 
                        instructed in a resolution referred to in 
                        paragraph (2) fails to submit any recommendation 
                        (or, when only one committee is instructed, 
                        fails to report a reconciliation bill or 
                        resolution) in response to such instructions, 
                        the Budget Committee shall include in the 
                        reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolution 
                        reported pursuant to this subparagraph 
                        legislative language within the jurisdiction of 
                        the noncomplying committee to achieve the amount 
                        of deficit reduction directed in such 
                        instructions.
                (5) Point of order
                            It shall not be in order in the Senate to 
                        consider any reconciliation bill or 
                        reconciliation resolution reported under 
                        paragraph (4) with respect to a fiscal year, any 
                        amendment thereto, or any conference report 
                        thereon if--

                                (A) the enactment of such bill or 
                            resolution as reported;

                                (B) the adoption and enactment of such 
                            amendment; or

                                (C) the enactment of such bill or 
                            resolution in the form recommended in such 
                            conference report,

            would cause the amount of the deficit for such fiscal year 
            to exceed the maximum deficit amount for such fiscal year, 
            unless the low-growth report submitted under section 904 of 
            this title projects negative real economic growth for such 
            fiscal year, or for each of any two consecutive quarters 
            during such fiscal year.

                (6) Treatment of certain amendments
                            In the Senate, an amendment which adds to a 
                        resolution reported under paragraph (2) an 
                        instruction of the type referred to in such 
                        paragraph shall be in order during the 
                        consideration of such resolution if such 
                        amendment would be in order but for the fact 
                        that it would be held to be non-germane on the 
                        basis that the instruction constitutes new 
                        matter.
                (7) Definition
                            For purposes of paragraphs (1), (2), and 
                        (3), the term ``day'' shall mean any calendar 
                        day on which the Senate is in session.
            (b) Procedures
                (1) In general
                            Except as provided in paragraph (2), in the 
                        Senate the provisions of sections 636 and 641 of 
                        this title for the consideration of concurrent 
                        resolutions on the budget and conference reports 
                        thereon shall also apply to the consideration of 
                        resolutions, and reconciliation bills and 
                        reconciliation resolutions reported under this 
                        paragraph and conference reports thereon.
                (2) Limit on debate
                            Debate in the Senate on any resolution 
                        reported pursuant to subsection (a)(2) of this 
                        section, and all amendments thereto and 
                        debatable motions and appeals in connection 
                        therewith, shall be limited to 10 hours.
                (3) Limitation on amendments
                            Section 641(d)(2) of this title shall apply 
                        to reconciliation bills and reconciliation 
                        resolutions reported under this subsection.
                (4) Bills and resolutions received from the House
                            Any bill or resolution received in the 
                        Senate from the House, which is a companion to a 
                        reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolution 
                        of the Senate for the purposes of this 
                        subsection, shall be considered in the Senate 
                        pursuant to the provisions of this subsection.
                (5) Definition
                            For purposes of this subsection, the term 
                        ``resolution'' means a simple, joint, or 
                        concurrent resolution. (Pub. L. 99-177, Title 
                        II, Sec. 258C, as added Pub. L. 101-508, Title 
                        XIII, Sec. 13101(g), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 
                        1388-600.)
     399.48  Sec. 908. Repealed. Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10210, 
                Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 711.

  

    399.48a  Sec. 909. Repealed. Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13212, 
                Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-621.
            
                        Subchapter II.--Operation and Review

     399.49  Sec. 921. Transferred.
    399.49a  Sec. 922. Judicial review.
            (a) Expedited review
                (1) Any Member of Congress may bring an action, in the 
            United States District Court for the District of Columbia, 
            for declaratory judgment and injunctive relief on the ground 
            that any order that might be issued pursuant to section 904 
            of this title violates the Constitution.
                (2) Any Member of Congress, or any other person 
            adversely affected by any action taken under this title, may 
            bring an action, in the United States District Court for the 
            District of Columbia, for declaratory judgment and 
            injunctive relief concerning the constitutionality of this 
            title.
                (3) Any Member of Congress may bring an action, in the 
            United States District Court for the District of Columbia, 
            for declaratory and injunctive relief on the ground that the 
            terms of an order issued under section 904 of this title do 
            not comply with the requirements of this title.
                (4) A copy of any complaint in an action brought under 
            paragraph (1), (2), or (3) shall be promptly delivered to 
            the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of 
            Representatives, and each House of Congress shall have the 
            right to intervene in such action.
                (5) Any action brought under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) 
            shall be heard and determined by a three-judge court in 
            accordance with section 2284 of title 28.

            Nothing in this section or in any other law shall infringe 
            upon the right of the House of Representatives to intervene 
            in an action brought under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) 
            without the necessity of adopting a resolution to authorize 
            such intervention.

            (b) Appeal to Supreme Court
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any order of 
            the United States District Court for the District of 
            Columbia which is issued pursuant to an action brought under 
            paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a) of this section 
            shall be reviewable by appeal directly to the Supreme Court 
            of the United States. Any such appeal shall be taken by a 
            notice of appeal filed within 10 days after such order is 
            entered; and the jurisdictional statement shall be filed 
            within 30 days after such order is entered. No stay of an 
            order issued pursuant to an action brought under paragraph 
            (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a) of this section shall be 
            issued by a single Justice of the Supreme Court.
            (c) Expedited consideration
                It shall be the duty of the District Court for the 
            District of Columbia and the Supreme Court of the United 
            States to advance on the docket and to expedite to the 
            greatest possible extent the disposition of any matter 
            brought under subsection (a) of this section.
            (d) Noncompliance with sequestration procedures
                (1) If it is finally determined by a court of competent 
            jurisdiction that an order issued by the President under 
            section 904 of this title for any fiscal year--
                            (A) does not reduce automatic spending 
                        increases under any program specified in section 
                        906(a) of this title if such increases are 
                        required to be reduced by subchapter I of this 
                        chapter (or reduces such increases by a greater 
                        extent than is so required), or
                            (B) does not sequester the amount of 
                        budgetary resources which is required to be 
                        sequestered by subchapter I of this chapter (or 
                        sequesters more than that amount) with respect 
                        to any program, project, activity, or amount,

            the President shall, within 20 days after such determination 
            is made, revise the order in accordance with such 
            determination.

                (2) If the order issued by the President under section 
            904 of this title for any fiscal year--
                            (A) does not reduce any automatic spending 
                        increase to the extent that such increase is 
                        required to be reduced by subchapter I of this 
                        chapter,
                            (B) does not sequester any amount of new 
                        budget authority, new loan guarantee 
                        commitments, new direct loan obligations, or 
                        spending authority which is required to be 
                        sequestered by subchapter I of this chapter, or
                            (C) does not reduce any obligation 
                        limitation by the amount by which such 
                        limitation is required to be reduced under 
                        subchapter I of this chapter,

            on the claim or defense that the constitutional powers of 
            the President prevent such sequestration or reduction or 
            permit the avoidance of such sequestration or reduction, and 
            such claim or defense is finally determined by the Supreme 
            Court of the United States to be valid, then the entire 
            order issued pursuant to section 904 of this title for such 
            fiscal year shall be null and void.

            (e) Timing of relief
                No order of any court granting declaratory or injunctive 
            relief from the order of the President issued under section 
            904 of this title, including but not limited to relief 
            permitting or requiring the expenditure of funds sequestered 
            by such order, shall take effect during the pendency of the 
            action before such court, during the time appeal may be 
            taken, or, if appeal is taken, during the period before the 
            court to which such appeal is taken has entered its final 
            order disposing of such action.
            (f) Preservation of other rights
                The rights created by this section are in addition to 
            the rights of any person under law, subject to subsection 
            (e) of this section.
            (g) Economic data and assumptions
                The economic data and economic assumptions used by the 
            Director of OMB in computing the figures specified in any 
            report issued by the Director of OMB under section 904 of 
            this title shall not be subject to review in any judicial or 
            administrative proceeding. (Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, 
            Sec. 274, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1098; Pub. L. 100-119, 
            Title I, Sec. 102(b)(9), (10), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 
            774, 775; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10211, Aug. 5, 1997, 
            111 Stat. 711.)
            
               Chapter 22.--JOHN C. STENNIS CENTER FOR PUBLIC SERVICE 
                              TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

     399.50  Sec. 1101. Congressional findings.
                The Congress makes the following findings:
                            (1) Senator John C. Stennis of the State of 
                        Mississippi has served his State and country 
                        with distinction for more than 60 years as a 
                        public servant, including service in the United 
                        States Senate for a period of 41 years.
                            (2) Senator Stennis has a distinguished 
                        record as a United States Senator, including 
                        service as the first Chairman of the Select 
                        Committee on Ethics, Chairman of the Committee 
                        on Armed Services, Chairman of the Committee on 
                        Appropriations, and President pro tempore of the 
                        Senate.
                            (3) Senator Stennis has long maintained a 
                        special interest in and devotion to the 
                        development of leadership and excellence in 
                        public service.
                            (4) There is a compelling need to encourage 
                        outstanding young people to pursue public 
                        service on a career basis and to provide public 
                        service leadership training opportunities for 
                        individuals serving in State and local 
                        governments and for individuals serving as 
                        employees of Members of Congress.
                            (5) It would be a fitting tribute to Senator 
                        Stennis and to his leadership, integrity, and 
                        years of devoted public service to establish in 
                        his name a center for the training and 
                        development of leadership excellence in public 
                        service. (Pub. L. 100-458, Title I, Sec. 112, 
                        Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2172.)
     399.51  Sec. 1102. Definitions.
                In this subtitle:
                            (1) The term ``Center'' means the John C. 
                        Stennis Center for Public Service Training and 
                        Development established under section 1103(a).
                            (2) The term ``Board'' means the Board of 
                        Trustees of the John C. Stennis Center for 
                        Public Service Training and Development 
                        established under section 1103(b).
                            (3) The term ``fund'' means the John C. 
                        Stennis Center for Public Service Training and 
                        Development Trust Fund provided for under 
                        section 1105. (Pub. L. 100-458, Title I, 
                        Sec. 113, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2172.)
     399.52  Sec. 1103. Establishment of the John C. Stennis Center for 
                Public Service Training and Development.
                (a) Establishment.--There is established in the 
            legislative branch of the Government a center to be known as 
            the ``John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training and 
            Development''.
                (b) Board of Trustees.--The Center shall be subject to 
            the supervision and direction of a Board of Trustees. The 
            Board shall be composed of seven members, as follows:
                            (1) Two members to be appointed by the 
                        majority leader of the Senate.
                            (2) One member to be appointed by the 
                        minority leader of the Senate.
                            (3) Two members to be appointed by the 
                        Speaker of the House of Representatives.
                            (4) One member to be appointed by the 
                        minority leader of the House of Representatives.
                            (5) The Executive Director of the Center, 
                        who shall serve as an ex-officio member of the 
                        Board.
                (c) Term of Office.--The term of office of each member 
            of the Board appointed under paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and 
            (4) of subsection (b) shall be six years, except that--
                            (1) the members first appointed under 
                        paragraphs (1) and (2) shall serve, as 
                        designated by the majority leader of the Senate, 
                        one for a term of two years, one for a term of 
                        four years, and one for a term of six years;
                            (2) the members first appointed under 
                        paragraphs (3) and (4) shall serve, as 
                        designated by the Speaker of the House of 
                        Representatives, one for a term of two years, 
                        one for a term of four years, and one for a term 
                        of six years; and
                            (3) a member appointed to fill a vacancy 
                        shall serve for the remainder of the term for 
                        which his predecessor was appointed and shall be 
                        appointed in the same manner as the original 
                        appointment for that vacancy was made.
                (d) Travel and Subsistence Pay.--Members of the Board 
            (other than the Executive Director) shall serve without pay, 
            but shall be entitled to reimbursement for travel, 
            subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred in the 
            performance of their duties.
                (e) Location of Center.--The Center shall be located at 
            or near Starkville, Mississippi, the location of Mississippi 
            State University. (Pub. L. 100-458, Title I, Sec. 114, Oct. 
            1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2173.)
     399.53  Sec. 1104. Purposes and authority of the Center.
                (a) Purposes of Center.--The purposes of the Center 
            shall be--
                            (1) to increase awareness of the importance 
                        of public service, to foster among the youth of 
                        the United States greater recognition and 
                        understanding of the role of public service in 
                        the development of the United States, and to 
                        promote public service as a career choice;
                            (2) to provide training and development 
                        opportunities for State and local elected 
                        government officials and employees of State and 
                        local governments in order to assist such 
                        officials and employees to become more effective 
                        and more efficient in performing their public 
                        duties and develop their potential for accepting 
                        increased public service opportunities; and
                            (3) to provide training and development 
                        opportunities for those employees of Members of 
                        the Congress who perform key roles in helping 
                        Members of Congress serve the people of the 
                        United States.
                (b) Authority of Center.--The Center is authorized, 
            consistent with this subtitle, to develop such programs, 
            activities, and services as it considers appropriate to 
            carry out the purposes of this subtitle. Such authority 
            shall include the following:
                            (1) The development and implementation of 
                        educational programs for secondary and post-
                        secondary schools and colleges designed--

                                (A) to improve the attitude of students 
                            toward public service;

                                (B) to encourage students to consider 
                            public service as a career goal;

                                (C) to create a better understanding of 
                            the important role that people in public 
                            service have played in the growth and 
                            development of the United States; and

                                (D) to foster a sense of civic 
                            responsibility among the youth of the United 
                            States.

                            (2) The development and implementation of 
                        programs designed--

                                (A) to enhance skills and abilities of 
                            public service employees and elected 
                            officials at the State and local levels of 
                            government;

                                (B) to make such officials more 
                            productive and effective in the performance 
                            of their duties; and

                                (C) to help prepare such employees and 
                            officials to assume greater responsibilities 
                            in the field of public service.

                            (3) The development and implementation of 
                        congressional staff training programs designed 
                        to equip congressional staff personnel to 
                        perform their duties more effectively and 
                        efficiently.
                            (4) The development and implementation of 
                        media and telecommunications production 
                        capabilities to assist the Center in expanding 
                        the reach of its programs throughout the United 
                        States.
                            (5) The establishment of library and 
                        research facilities for the collection and 
                        compilation of research materials for use in 
                        carrying out the programs of the Center.
                (C) Program Priorities.--The Board of Trustees shall 
            determine the priority of the programs to be carried out 
            under this subtitle and the amount of funds to be allocated 
            for such programs. (Pub. L. 100-458, Title I, Sec. 115, Oct. 
            1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2173.)
     399.54  Sec. 1105. John C. Stennis Center for Public Service 
                Development Trust Fund.
                (a) Establishment of Fund.--There is established in the 
            Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as 
            the ``John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Development 
            Trust Fund''. The fund shall consist of amounts appropriated 
            to it pursuant to section 1110 and amounts credited to it 
            under subsection (d).
                (b) Investment of Fund Assets.--(1) It shall be the duty 
            of the Secretary of the Treasury to invest in full the 
            amounts appropriated to the fund. Such investments may be 
            made only in interest bearing obligations of the United 
            States or in obligations guaranteed as to both principal and 
            interest by the United States. For such purpose, such 
            obligations may be acquired on original issue at the issue 
            price or by purchase of outstanding obligations at the 
            marketplace.
                (2) The purposes for which obligations of the United 
            States may be issued under the Second Liberty Bond Act are 
            hereby extended to authorize the issuance at par of special 
            obligations exclusively to the fund. Such special 
            obligations shall bear interest at a rate equal to the 
            average rate of interest, computed as to the end of the 
            calendar month next preceding the date of such issue, borne 
            by all marketable interest bearing obligations of the United 
            States then forming a part of the public debt, except that 
            when such average rate is not a multiple of one-eighth of 
            one percent, the rate of interest of such special 
            obligations shall be the multiple of one-eighth of one 
            percent next lower than such average rate. Such special 
            obligations shall be issued only if the Secretary determines 
            that the purchase of other interest bearing obligations of 
            the United States, or of obligations guaranteed as to both 
            principal and interest by the United States or original 
            issue or at the market price, is not in the public interest.
                (c) Authority To Sell Obligations.--Any obligation 
            acquired by the fund (except special obligations issued 
            exclusively to the fund) may be sold by the Secretary of the 
            Treasury at the market price, and such special obligations 
            may be redeemed at par plus accrued interest.
                (d) Proceeds From Certain Transactions Credited to 
            Fund.--In addition to the appropriations received pursuant 
            to section 1110 of this title, the interest on, and the 
            proceeds from the sale or redemption of, any obligations 
            held in the fund pursuant to section 1108(a) of this title, 
            shall be credited to and form a part of the fund. (Pub. L. 
            100-458, Title I, Sec. 116, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2174; 
            Pub. L. 101-520, Title III, Sec. 313(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 
            Stat. 2282.)
     399.55  Sec. 1106. Expenditures and audit of Trust Fund.
                (a) In General.--The Secretary of the Treasury is 
            authorized to pay to the Center from the interest and 
            earnings of the fund, and moneys credited to the fund 
            pursuant to section 1108(a) of this title, such sums as the 
            Board determines are necessary and appropriate to enable the 
            Center to carry out the provisions of this chapter.
                (b) Audit by GAO.--The activities of the Center under 
            this subtitle may be audited by the General Accounting 
            Office under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed 
            by the Comptroller General of the United States. 
            Representatives of the General Accounting Office shall have 
            access to all books, accounts, records, reports, and files 
            and all other papers, things, or property belonging to or in 
            use by the Center, pertaining to such activities and 
            necessary to facilitate the audit. (Pub. L. 100-458, Title 
            I, Sec. 117, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2175; Pub. L. 101-520, 
            Title III, Sec. 313(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2282.)
     399.56  Sec. 1107. Executive Director of Center.
                (a) Appointment by Board.--(1) There shall be an 
            Executive Director of the Center who shall be appointed by 
            the Board. The Executive Director shall be the chief 
            executive officer of the Center an shall carry out the 
            functions of the Center subject to the supervision and 
            direction of the Board. The Executive Director shall carry 
            out such other functions consistent with the provisions of 
            this subtitle as the Board shall prescribe.
                (2) The Executive Director shall not be eligible to 
            serve as Chairman of the Board.
                (b) Compensation.--The Executive Director of the Center 
            shall be compensated at the rate specified for employees in 
            grade GS-18 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of 
            title 5, United States Code. (Pub. L. 100-458, Title I, 
            Sec. 118, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2175.)
     399.57  Sec. 1108. Administrative provisions.
                (a) In General.--In order to carry out the provisions of 
            this subtitle, the Center may--
                            (1) appoint and fix the compensation of such 
                        personnel as may be necessary to carry out the 
                        provisions of this subtitle, except that in no 
                        case shall employees other than the Executive 
                        Director be compensated at a rate to exceed the 
                        maximum rate for employees in grade GS-15 of the 
                        General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5, 
                        United States Code;
                            (2) procure temporary and intermittent 
                        services of experts and consultants as are 
                        necessary to the extent authorized by section 
                        3109 of title 5, United States Code, but at 
                        rates not to exceed the rate specified at the 
                        time of such service for grade GS-18 under 
                        section 5332 of such title;
                            (3) prescribe such regulations as it 
                        considers necessary governing the manner in 
                        which its functions shall be carried out;
                            (4) solicit and receive money and other 
                        property donated, bequeathed, or devised, 
                        without condition or restriction other than it 
                        be used for the purposes of the Center, and to 
                        use, sell, or otherwise dispose of such property 
                        for the purpose of carrying out its functions;
                            (5) accept and utilize the services of 
                        voluntary and noncompensated personnel and 
                        reimburse them for travel expenses, including 
                        per diem, as authorized by section 5703 of title 
                        5, United States Code;
                            (6) enter into contracts, grants, or other 
                        arrangements, or modifications thereof, to carry 
                        out the provisions of this subtitle, and such 
                        contracts or modifications thereof may, with the 
                        concurrence of two-thirds of the members of the 
                        Board, be entered into without performance or 
                        other bonds, and without regard to section 3709 
                        of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 5);
                            (7) make expenditures for official reception 
                        and representation expenses as well as 
                        expenditures for meals, entertainment and 
                        refreshments in connection with official 
                        training sessions or other authorized programs 
                        or activities;
                            (8) apply for, receive and use for the 
                        purposes of the Center grants or other 
                        assistance from Federal sources;
                            (9) establish, receive and use for the 
                        purposes of the Center fees or other charges for 
                        goods or services provided in fulfilling the 
                        Center's purposes to persons not enumerated in 
                        section 1104(b) of this title;
                            (10) invest, as specified in section 1105(b) 
                        of this title, moneys authorized to be received 
                        under this section; and
                            (11) make other necessary expenditures.
                (b) Annual Report.--The Center shall submit to Congress 
            an annual report of its operations under this subtitle. 
            (Pub. L. 100-458, Title I, Sec. 119, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 
            2176; Pub. L. 101-163, Title III, Sec. 320, Nov. 21, 1989, 
            103 Stat. 1068; Pub. L. 101-520, Title III, Sec. 313(c), 
            Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2282.)
            Cross Reference
                Authority of the Library of Congress to provide 
            financial services, see section 142j of title 2, United 
            States Code (Senate Manual Section 323.5).
     399.58  Sec. 1109. Authorization for appropriations.
                There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may 
            be necessary to carry out this chapter. (Pub. L. 100-458, 
            Title I, Sec. 120, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2176.)
     399.59  Sec. 1110. Appropriations.
                There is appropriated to the fund the sum of $7,500,000 
            to carry out this chapter. (Oct. 1, 1988, Pub. L. 100-458, 
            Sec. 121, 102 Stat. 2176.)
            
                       Chapter 23.--GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE RIGHTS

     399.60  Sec. 1201. Government Employee Rights Act of 1991.
            (a) Short title
                This chapter may be cited as the ``Government Employee 
            Rights Act of 1991''.
            (b) Purpose
                The purpose of this chapter is to provide procedures to 
            protect the rights of certain government employees, with 
            respect to their public employment, to be free of 
            discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, 
            national origin, age, or disability.
            (c) Definition
                For purposes of this chapter, the term ``violation'' 
            means a practice that violates section 1202(a) of this 
            title. (Pub. L. 102-166, Title III, Sec. 301, Nov. 21, 1991, 
            105 Stat. 1088; Pub. L. 103-283, Title III, Sec. 312(f)(1), 
            July 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 1446; Pub. L. 104-1, Title V, 
            Sec. 504(a)(1), Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 40.)
     399.61  Sec. 1202. Discriminatory practices prohibited
            (a) Practices
                All personnel actions affecting the Presidential 
            appointees described in section 1219 of this title or the 
            State employees described in section 1220 of this title 
            shall be made free from any discrimination based on--
                            (1) race, color, religion, sex, or national 
                        origin, within the meaning of section 717 of the 
                        Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e16);
                            (2) age, within the meaning of section 15 of 
                        the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 
                        (29 U.S.C. 633a); or
                            (3) disability, within the meaning of 
                        section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 
                        (29 U.S.C. 791) and sections 102 through 104 of 
                        the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 
                        U.S.C. 12112-14).
            (b) Remedies
                The remedies referred to in sections 1219(a)(1) and 
            1220(a) of this title--
                            (1) may include, in the case of a 
                        determination that a violation of subsection 
                        (a)(1) or (a)(3) of this section has occurred, 
                        such remedies as would be appropriate if awarded 
                        under sections 2000e-5(g), 2000e-5(k), and 
                        2000e-16(d) of title 42, and such compensatory 
                        damages as would be appropriate if awarded under 
                        section 1981 or sections 1981a(a) and 
                        1981a(b)(2) of title 42;
                            (2) may include, in the case of a 
                        determination that a violation of subsection 
                        (a)(2) of this section has occurred, such 
                        remedies as would be appropriate if awarded 
                        under section 633a(c) of title 29; and
                            (3) may not include punitive damages. (Pub. 
                        L. 102-166, Title III, Sec. 302, Nov. 21, 1991, 
                        105 Stat. 1088; Pub. L. 104-1, Title V, 
                        Sec. 504(a)(1), Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 40.)
            [Sec. Sec. 1203 to 1218 Repealed.] (Pub. L. 104-1, Title V, 
                Sec. 504(a)(2), Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 41.)

  

     399.62  Sec. 1219. Repealed. Pub. L. 104-331, Sec. 5(a), (b), Oct 
                26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4072.

  

     399.63  Sec. 1220. Coverage of previously exempt State employees.
            (a) Application
                The rights, protections, and remedies provided pursuant 
            to section 1202 of this title shall apply with respect to 
            employment of any individual chosen or appointed, by a 
            person elected to public office in any State or political 
            subdivision of any State by the qualified voters thereof--
                            (1) to be a member of the elected official's 
                        personal staff;
                            (2) to serve the elected official on the 
                        policymaking level; or
                            (3) to serve the elected official as an 
                        immediate advisor with respect to the exercise 
                        of the constitutional or legal powers of the 
                        office.
            (b) Enforcement by administrative action
                (1) In general
                            Any individual referred to in subsection (a) 
                        of this section may file a complaint alleging a 
                        violation, not later than 180 days after the 
                        occurrence of the alleged violation, with the 
                        Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which, 
                        in accordance with the principles and procedures 
                        set forth in sections 554 through 557 of title 
                        5, United States Code, shall determine whether a 
                        violation has occurred and shall set forth its 
                        determination in a final order. If the Equal 
                        Employment Opportunity Commission determines 
                        that a violation has occurred, the final order 
                        shall also provide for appropriate relief.
                (2) Referral to State and local authorities
                            (A) Application.--Section 2000e-5(d) of 
                        title 42 shall apply with respect to any 
                        proceeding under this section.
                            (B) Definition.--For purposes of the 
                        application described in subparagraph (A), the 
                        term ``any charge filed by a member of the 
                        Commission alleging an unlawful employment 
                        practice'' means a complaint filed under this 
                        section.
            (c) Judicial review
                Any party aggrieved by a final order under subsection 
            (b) of this section may obtain a review of such order under 
            chapter 158 of title 28, United States Code [28 U.S.C. 2341 
            et seq.]. For the purpose of this review, the Equal 
            Employment Opportunity Commission shall be an ``agency'' as 
            that term is used in chapter 158 of title 28, United States 
            Code [28 U.S.C. 2341 et seq.].
            (d) Standard of review
                To the extent necessary to decision and when presented, 
            the reviewing court shall decide all relevant questions of 
            law and interpret constitutional and statutory provisions. 
            The court shall set aside a final order under subsection (b) 
            of this section if it is determined that the order was--
                            (1) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of 
                        discretion, or otherwise, not consistent with 
                        law;
                            (2) not made consistent with required 
                        procedures; or
                            (3) unsupported by substantial evidence.
                In making the foregoing determinations, the court shall 
            review the whole record or those parts of it cited by a 
            party, and due account shall be taken of the rule of 
            prejudicial error.
            (e) Attorney's fees
                If the individual referred to in subsection (a) of this 
            section is the prevailing party in a proceeding under this 
            subsection, attorney's fees may be allowed by the court in 
            accordance with the standards prescribed under section 
            2000e-5(k) of title 42. (Pub. L. 102-166, Title III, 
            Sec. 304, formerly Sec. 321, renumbered Sec. 304, and 
            amended Pub. L. 104-1, Title V, Sec. 504(a)(3), (4), Jan. 
            23, 1995, 109 Stat. 41.)
            [Sec. Sec. 1221 to 1224 Repealed.] (Pub. L. 104-1, Title V, 
                Sec. 504(a)(2), Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 41.)

  

     399.70  
                      Chapter 24.--CONGRESSIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY

            
                               Subchapter I.--General

   399.70-1  Sec. 1301.1 Definitions.
                Except as otherwise specifically provided in this 
            chapter, as used in this chapter:
                            (1) Board

                                The term ``Board'' means the Board of 
                            Directors of the Office of Compliance.

                            (2) Chair

                                The term ``Chair'' means the Chair of 
                            the Board of Directors of the Office of 
                            Compliance.

                            (3) Covered employee

                                The term ``covered employee'' means any 
                            employee of--

                                        (A) the House of 
                                    Representatives;

                                        (B) the Senate;

                                        (C) the Capitol Guide Service;

                                        (D) the Capitol Police;

                                        (E) the Congressional Budget 
                                    Office;

                                        (F) the Office of the Architect 
                                    of the Capitol;

                                        (G) the Office of the Attending 
                                    Physician;

                                        (H) the Office of Compliance; or

                                        (I) the Office of Technology 
                                    Assessment.

                             (4) Employee

                                The term ``employee'' includes an 
                            applicant for employment and a former 
                            employee.

                            (5) Employee of the Office of the Architect 
                        of the Capitol

                                The term ``employee of the Office of the 
                            Architect of the Capitol'' includes any 
                            employee of the Office of the Architect of 
                            the Capitol, the Botanic Garden, or the 
                            Senate Restaurants.

                            (6) Employee of the Capitol Police

                                The term ``employee of the Capitol 
                            Police'' includes any member or officer of 
                            the Capitol Police.

                            (7) Employee of the House of Representatives

                                The term ``employee of the House of 
                            Representatives'' includes an individual 
                            occupying a position the pay for which is 
                            disbursed by the Clerk of the House of 
                            Representatives, or another official 
                            designated by the House of Representatives, 
                            or any employment position in an entity that 
                            is paid with funds derived from the clerk-
                            hire allowance of the House of 
                            Representatives but not any such individual 
                            employed by any entity listed in 
                            subparagraphs (C) through (I) of paragraph 
                            (3).

                            (8) Employee of the Senate

                                The term ``employee of the Senate'' 
                            includes any employee whose pay is disbursed 
                            by the Secretary of the Senate, but not any 
                            such individual employed by any entity 
                            listed in subparagraphs (C) through (1) of 
                            paragraph (3).

                            (9) Employing office

                                The term ``employing office'' means--

                                        (A) the personal office of a 
                                    Member of the House of 
                                    Representatives or of a Senator;

                                        (B) a committee of the House of 
                                    Representatives or the Senate or a 
                                    joint committee;

                                        (C) any other office headed by a 
                                    person with the final authority to 
                                    appoint, hire, discharge, and set 
                                    the terms, conditions, or privileges 
                                    of the employment of an employee of 
                                    the House of Representatives or the 
                                    Senate; or

                                        (D) the Capitol Guide Board, the 
                                    Capitol Police Board, the 
                                    Congressional Budget Office, the 
                                    Office of the Architect of the 
                                    Capitol, the Office of the Attending 
                                    Physician, the Office of Compliance, 
                                    and the Office of Technology 
                                    Assessment.

                            (10) Executive Director

                                The term ``Executive Director'' means 
                            the Executive Director of the Office of 
                            Compliance.

                            (11) General Counsel

                                The term ``General Counsel'' means the 
                            General Counsel of the Office of Compliance.

                            (12) Office

                                The term ``Office'' means the Office of 
                            Compliance. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title I, 
                            Sec. 101, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 4.)

   399.70-2  Sec. 1302. Application of laws.
             (a) Laws made applicable
                The following laws shall apply, as prescribed by this 
            chapter, to the legislative branch of the Federal 
            Government:
                            (1) The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 
                        U.S.C. 201 et seq.).
                            (2) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 
                        1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.).
                            (3) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 
                        1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.)
                            (4) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act 
                        of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 621 et seq.).
                            (5) The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 
                        (29 U.S.C. 2611 et seq.).
                            (6) The Occupational Safety and Health Act 
                        of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.).
                            (7) Chapter 71 (relating to Federal service 
                        labor-management relations) of title 5.
                            (8) The Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 
                        1988 (29 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.).
                            (9) The Worker Adjustment and Retraining 
                        Notification Act (29 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.).
                            (10) The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 
                        U.S.C. 701 et seq.).
                            (11) Chapter 43 (relating to veterans' 
                        employment and reemployment) of title 38.
            (b) Laws which may be made applicable
                 (1) In general
                            The Board shall review provisions of Federal 
                        law (including regulations) relating to (A) the 
                        terms and conditions of employment (including 
                        hiring, promotion, demotion, termination, 
                        salary, wages, overtime compensation, benefits, 
                        work assignments or reassignments, grievance and 
                        disciplinary procedures, protection from 
                        discrimination in personnel actions, 
                        occupational health and safety, and family and 
                        medical and other leave) of employees, and (B) 
                        access to public services and accommodations.
                (2) Board report
                            Beginning on December 31, 1996, and every 2 
                        years thereafter, the Board shall report on (A) 
                        whether or to what degree the provisions 
                        described in paragraph (1) are applicable or 
                        inapplicable to the legislative branch, and (B) 
                        with respect to provisions inapplicable to the 
                        legislative branch, whether such provisions 
                        should be made applicable to the legislative 
                        branch. The presiding officers of the House of 
                        Representatives and the Senate shall cause each 
                        such report to be printed in the Congressional 
                        Record and each such report shall be referred to 
                        the committees of the House of Representatives 
                        and the Senate with jurisdiction.
                (3) Reports of congressional committees
                            Each report accompanying any bill or joint 
                        resolution relating to terms and conditions of 
                        employment or access to public services or 
                        accommodations reported by a committee of the 
                        House of Representatives or the Senate shall--

                                (A) describe the manner in which the 
                            provisions of the bill or joint resolution 
                            apply to the legislative branch; or

                                (B) in the case of a provision not 
                            applicable to the legislative branch, 
                            include a statement of the reasons the 
                            provisions does not apply.

                            On the objection of any Member, it shall not 
                        be in order for the Senate or the House of 
                        Representatives to consider any such bill or 
                        joint resolution if the report of the committee 
                        on such bill or joint resolution does not comply 
                        with the provisions of this paragraph. This 
                        paragraph may be waived in either House by 
                        majority vote of that House. (Pub. L. 104-1, 
                        Title I, Sec. 102, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 5.)
     399.71  
                 Subchapter II.--Extension of Rights and Protections

            
               Part A.--Employment Discrimination, Family and Medical 
            Leave, Fair Labor Standards, Employee Polygraph Protection, 
           Worker Adjustment and Retraining, Employment and Reemployment 
                           of Veterans, and Intimidation

   399.71-1  Sec. 1311. Rights and protections under Title VII of the 
                Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination in 
                Employment Act of 1967, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 
                and Title I of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 
                1990.
            (a) Discriminatory practices prohibited
                All personnel actions affecting covered employees shall 
            be made free from any discrimination based on--
                            (1) race, color, religion, sex, or national 
                        origin, within the meaning of section 703 of the 
                        Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-2);
                            (2) age, within the meaning of section 15 of 
                        the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 
                        (29 U.S.C. 633a); or
                            (3) disability, within the meaning of 
                        section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 
                        (29 U.S.C. 791) and sections 102 through 104 of 
                        the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 
                        U.S.C. 12112-12114).
            (b) Remedy
                (1) Civil rights
                            The remedy for a violation of subsection 
                        (a)(1) of this section shall be--

                                (A) such remedy as would be appropriate 
                            if awarded under section 706(g) of the Civil 
                            Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e5(g)); 
                            and

                                (B) such compensatory damages as would 
                            be appropriate if awarded under section 1977 
                            of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1981), or 
                            as would be appropriate if awarded under 
                            sections 1977A(a)(1), 1977A(b)(2), and, 
                            irrespective of the size of the employing 
                            office, 1977A(b)(3)(D) of the Revised 
                            Statutes (42 U.S.C. 198la(a)(1), 
                            198la(b)(2), and 198la(b)(3)(D)).

                (2) Age discrimination
                            The remedy for a violation of subsection 
                        (a)(2) of this section shall be--

                                (A) such remedy as would be appropriate 
                            if awarded under section 15(c) of the Age 
                            Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 
                            U.S.C. 633a(c)); and

                                (B) such liquidated damages as would be 
                            appropriate if awarded under section 7(b) of 
                            such Act (29 U.S.C. 626(b)).

                In addition, the waiver provisions of section 7(f) of 
            such Act (29 U.S.C. 626(f)) shall apply to covered 
            employees.
                (3) Disabilities discrimination

                                The remedy for a violation of subsection 
                            (a)(3) of this section shall be--

                                        (A) such remedy as would be 
                                    appropriate if awarded under section 
                                    505(a)(1) of the Rehabilitation Act 
                                    of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794a(a)(1) or 
                                    section 107(a) of the Americans with 
                                    Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 
                                    12117(a)); and

                                        (B) such compensatory damages as 
                                    would be appropriate if awarded 
                                    under sections 1977A(a)(2), 
                                    1977A(a)(3), 1977A(b)(2), and, 
                                    irrespective of the size of the 
                                    employing office, 1977A(b)(3)(D) of 
                                    the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 
                                    1981a(a)(2), 1981a(a)(3), 
                                    1981a(b)(2), and 1981a(b)(3)(D)).

            (c) Omitted
            (d) Effective date
                This section shall take effect 1 year after January 23, 
            1995. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title II, Sec. 201, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 
            Stat. 7.)
   399.71-2  Sec. 1312. Rights and protections under the Family and 
                Medical Leave Act of 1993.
            (a) Family and medical leave rights and protections provided
                (1) In general
                            The rights and protections established by 
                        sections 101 through 105 of the Family and 
                        Medical Leave Act of 1993 (29 U.S.C. 2611 
                        through 2615) shall apply to covered employees.
                (2) Definition
                            For purposes of the application described in 
                        paragraph (1)--

                                (A) the term ``employer'' as used in the 
                            Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 means 
                            any employing office, and

                                (B) the term ``eligible employee'' as 
                            used in the Family and Medical Leave Act of 
                            1993 means a covered employee who has been 
                            employed in any employing office for 12 
                            months and for at least 1,250 hours of 
                            employment during the previous 12 months.

            (b) Remedy
                The remedy for a violation of subsection (a) of this 
            section shall be such remedy, including liquidated damages, 
            as would be appropriate if awarded under paragraph (1) of 
            section 107(a) of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 
            (29 U.S.C. 2617(a)(1)).
            (c) Omitted
            (d) Regulations
                (1) In general
                            The Board shall, pursuant to section 1384 of 
                        this title, issue regulations to implement the 
                        rights and protections under this section.
                (2) Agency regulations
                            The regulations issued under paragraph (1) 
                        shall be the same as substantive regulations 
                        promulgated by the Secretary of Labor to 
                        implement the statutory provisions referred to 
                        in subsection (a) of this section except insofar 
                        as the Board may determine, for good cause shown 
                        and stated together with the regulation that a 
                        modification of such regulations would be more 
                        effective for the implementation of the rights 
                        and protections under this section.
            (e) Effective date
                (1) In general
                            Subsections (a) and (b) of this section 
                        shall be effective 1 year after January 23, 
                        1995.
                (2) General Accounting Office and Library of Congress
                            Subsection (c) of this section shall be 
                        effective 1 year after transmission to the 
                        Congress of the study under section 1371 of this 
                        title. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title II, Sec. 202, Jan. 
                        23, 1995, 109 Stat. 9.)
   399.71-3  Sec. 1313. Rights and protections under the Fair Labor 
                Standards Act of 1938.
            (a) Fair labor standards
                (1) In general
                            The rights and protections established by 
                        subsections (a)(1) and (d) of section 6, section 
                        7, and section 12(c) of the Fair Labor Standards 
                        Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206 (a)(1) and (d), 207, 
                        212(c)) shall apply to covered employees.
                (2) Interns
                            For the purposes of this section, the term 
                        ``covered employee'' does not include an intern 
                        as defined in regulations under subsection (c) 
                        of this section.
                (3) Compensatory time
                            Except as provided in regulations under 
                        subsection (c)(3) of this section and subsection 
                        (c)(4) of this section, covered employees may 
                        not receive compensatory time in lieu of 
                        overtime compensation.
            (b) Remedy
                The remedy for a violation of subsection (a) of this 
            section shall be such remedy, including liquidated damages, 
            as would be appropriate if awarded under section 16(b) of 
            the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 216(b)).
            (c) Regulations to implement section
                (1) In general
                            The Board shall, pursuant to section 1384 of 
                        this title, issue regulations to implement this 
                        section.
                (2) Agency regulations
                            Except as provided in paragraph (3), the 
                        regulations issued under paragraph (1) shall be 
                        the same substantive regulations promulgated by 
                        the Secretary of Labor to implement the 
                        statutory provisions referred to in subsection 
                        (a) of this section except insofar as the Board 
                        may determine, for good cause shown and stated 
                        together with the regulation, that a 
                        modification of such regulations would be more 
                        effective for the implementation of the rights 
                        and protections under this section.
                (3) Irregular work schedules
                            The Board shall issue regulations for 
                        covered employees whose work schedules directly 
                        depend on the schedule of the House of 
                        Representatives or the Senate that shall be 
                        comparable to the provisions in the Fair Labor 
                        Standards Act of 1938 that apply to employees 
                        who have irregular work schedules.
                (4) Law enforcement
                            Law enforcement personnel of the Capitol 
                        Police who are subject to the exemption under 
                        section 7(k) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 
                        1938 (29 U.S.C. 207(k)) may elect to receive 
                        compensatory time off in lieu of overtime 
                        compensation for hours worked in excess of the 
                        maximum for their work period.
            (d) Omitted. (Codified at 29 U.S.C. 203)
            (e) Effective date
                Subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be 
            effective 1 year after January 23, 1995. (Pub. L. 104-1, 
            Title II, Sec. 203, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 10; Pub. L. 
            104-197, Title III, Sec. 312, Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 
            2415.)
   399.71-4  Sec. 1314. Rights and protections under the Employee 
                Polygraph Protection Act of 1988.
            (a) Polygraph practices prohibited
                (1) In general
                            No employing office, irrespective of whether 
                        a covered employee works in that employing 
                        office, may require a covered employee to take a 
                        lie detector test where such a test would be 
                        prohibited if required by an employer under 
                        paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of section 3 of the 
                        Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 (29 
                        U.S.C. 2002 (1), (2), or (3)). In addition, the 
                        waiver provisions of section 6(d) of such Act 
                        (29 U.S.C. 2005(d)) shall apply to covered 
                        employees.
                (2) Definitions
                            For purposes of this section, the term 
                        ``covered employee'' shall include employees of 
                        the General Accounting Office and the Library of 
                        Congress and the term ``employing office'' shall 
                        include the General Accounting Office and the 
                        Library of Congress.
                (3) Capitol Police
                            Nothing in this section shall preclude the 
                        Capitol Police from using lie detector tests in 
                        accordance with regulations under subsection (c) 
                        of this section.
            (b) Remedy
                The remedy for a violation of subsection (a) of this 
            section shall be such remedy as would be appropriate if 
            awarded under section 6(c)(l) of the Employee Polygraph 
            Protection Act of 1988 (29 U.S.C. 2005(c)(1)).
            (c) Regulations to implement section
                (1) In general
                            The Board shall, pursuant to section 1384 of 
                        this title, issue regulations to implement this 
                        section.
                (2) Agency regulations
                            The regulations issued under paragraph (1) 
                        shall be the same as substantive regulations 
                        promulgated by the Secretary of Labor to 
                        implement the statutory provisions referred to 
                        in subsections (a) and (b) of this section 
                        except insofar as the Board may determine, for 
                        good cause shown and stated together with the 
                        regulation, that a modification of such 
                        regulations would be more effective for the 
                        implementation of the rights and protections 
                        under this section.
            (d) Effective date
                (1) In general
                            Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
                        subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be 
                        effective 1 year after January 23, 1995.
                (2) General Accounting Office and Library of Congress
                            This section shall be effective with respect 
                        to the General Accounting Office and the Library 
                        of Congress 1 year after transmission to the 
                        Congress of the study under section 1371 of this 
                        title. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title II, Sec. 204, Jan. 
                        23, 1995, 109 Stat. 10.)
   399.71-5  Sec. 1315. Rights and protections under the Worker 
                Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act.
            (a) Worker adjustment and retraining notification rights
                (1) In general
                            No employing office shall be closed or a 
                        mass layoff ordered within the meaning of 
                        section 3 of the Worker Adjustment and 
                        Retraining Notification Act (29 U.S.C. 2102) 
                        until the end of a 60-day period after the 
                        employing office serves written notice of such 
                        prospective closing or layoff to representatives 
                        of covered employees or, if there are no 
                        representatives, to covered employees.
                (2) Definitions
                            For purposes of this section, the term 
                        ``covered employee'' shall include employees of 
                        the General Accounting Office and the Library of 
                        Congress and the term ``employing office'' shall 
                        include the General Accounting Office and the 
                        Library of Congress.
            (b) Remedy
                The remedy for a violation of subsection (a) of this 
            section shall be such remedy as would be appropriate if 
            awarded under paragraphs (1), (2), and (4) of section 5(a) 
            of the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (29 
            U.S.C. 2104(a) (1), (2), and (4)).
            (c) Regulations to implement section
                (1) In general
                            The Board shall, pursuant to section 1384 of 
                        this title, issue regulations to implement this 
                        section.
                (2) Agency regulations
                            The regulations issued under paragraph (1) 
                        shall be the same as substantive regulations 
                        promulgated by the Secretary of Labor to 
                        implement the statutory provisions referred to 
                        in subsection (a) of this section except insofar 
                        as the Board may determine, for good cause shown 
                        and stated together with the regulation, that a 
                        modification of such regulations would be more 
                        effective for the implementation of the rights 
                        and protections under this section.
            (d) Effective date
                (1) In general
                            Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
                        subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be 
                        effective 1 year after January 23, 1995.
                (2) General Accounting Office and Library of Congress
                            This section shall be effective with respect 
                        to the General Accounting Office and the Library 
                        of Congress 1 year after transmission to the 
                        Congress of the study under section 1371 of this 
                        title. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title II, Sec. 205, Jan. 
                        23, 1995, 109 Stat. 11.)
   399.71-6  Sec. 1316. Rights and protections relating to veterans' 
                employment and reemployment.
            (a) Employment and reemployment rights of members of the 
                uniformed services
                (1) In general
                            It shall be unlawful for an employing office 
                        to--

                                (A) discriminate, within the meaning of 
                            subsections (a) and (b) of section 4311 of 
                            title 38, against an eligible employee;

                                (B) deny to an eligible employee 
                            reemployment rights within the meaning of 
                            sections 4312 and 4313 of title 38; or

                                (C) deny to an eligible employee 
                            benefits within the meaning of sections 
                            4316, 4317, and 4318 of title 38.

                (2) Definitions
                            For purposes of this section--

                                (A) the term ``eligible employee'' means 
                            a covered employee performing service in the 
                            uniformed services, within the meaning of 
                            section 4303(13) of title 38, whose service 
                            has not been terminated upon occurrence of 
                            any of the events enumerated in section 4304 
                            of title 38,

                                (B) the term ``covered employee'' 
                            includes employees of the General Accounting 
                            Office and the Library of Congress, and--

                                (C) the term ``employing office'' 
                            includes the General Accounting office and 
                            the Library of Congress.

            (b) Remedy
                The remedy for a violation of subsection (a) of this 
            section shall be such remedy as would be appropriate if 
            awarded under paragraphs (1), (2)(A), and (3) of section 
            4323(c) of title 38.
            (c) Regulations to implement section
                (1) In general
                            The Board shall, pursuant to section 1384 of 
                        this title, issue regulations to implement this 
                        section.
                (2) Agency regulations
                            The regulations issued under paragraph (1) 
                        shall be the same as substantive regulations 
                        promulgated by the Secretary of Labor to 
                        implement the statutory provisions referred to 
                        in subsection (a) of this section except to the 
                        extent that the Board may determine, for good 
                        cause shown and stated together with the 
                        regulation, that a modification of such 
                        regulations would be more effective for the 
                        implementation of the rights and protections 
                        under this section.
            (d) Effective date
                (1) In general
                            Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
                        subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be 
                        effective 1 year after January 23, 1995.
                (2) General Accounting Office and Library of Congress
                            This section shall be effective with respect 
                        to the General Accounting Office and the Library 
                        of Congress 1 year after transmission to the 
                        Congress of the study under section 1371 of this 
                        title. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title II, Sec. 206, Jan. 
                        23, 1995, 109 Stat. 12.)
 399.71-6a  1316a. Legislative branch appointments.
                (1) Definitions
                            For the purpose of this section, the terms 
                        ``covered employee'' and ``Board'' shall each 
                        have the meaning given such term by section 101 
                        of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 
                        (2 U.S.C. 1301).
                (2) Rights and protections
                            The rights and protections established under 
                        section 2108, sections 3309 through 3312, and 
                        subchapter I of chapter 35 [5 U.S.C.A. Sec. 3501 
                        et seq.], of title 5 shall apply to covered 
                        employees.
                (3) Remedies
                            (A) In general

                                The remedy for a violation of paragraph 
                            (2) shall be such remedy as would be 
                            appropriate if awarded under applicable 
                            provisions of title 5, in the case of a 
                            violation of the relevant corresponding 
                            provision (referred to in paragraph (2)) of 
                            such title.

                            (B) Procedure

                                The procedure for consideration of 
                            alleged violations of paragraph (2) shall be 
                            the same as apply under section 1401 of this 
                            title (and the provisions of law referred to 
                            therein) in the case of an alleged violation 
                            of part A of subchapter II of this chapter.

                (4) Regulation of implement subsection
                            (A) In general

                                The Board shall, pursuant to section 304 
                            of the Congressional Accountability Act of 
                            1995 (2 U.S.C. 1384), issue regulations to 
                            implement this section.

                            (B) Agency regulations

                                The regulations issued under 
                            subparagraph (A) shall be the same as the 
                            most relevant substantive regulations 
                            (applicable with respect to the executive 
                            branch) promulgated to implement the 
                            statutory provisions referred to in 
                            paragraph (2) except insofar as the Board 
                            may determine, for good cause shown and 
                            stated together with the regulation, that a 
                            modification of such regulations would be 
                            more effective for the implementation of 
                            rights and protection under this section.

                            (C) Coordination

                                The regulations issued under 
                            subparagraph (A) shall be consistent with 
                            section 225 of the Congressional 
                            Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1361).

                (5) Applicability
                            Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
                        section, the term ``covered employee'' shall 
                        not, for purposes of this section, include an 
                        employee--

                                (A) whose appointment is made by the 
                            President with the advice and consent of the 
                            Senate;

                                (B) whose appointments is made by a 
                            Member of Congress or by a committee or 
                            subcommittee of either House of Congress; or

                                (C) who is appointed to a position, the 
                            duties of which are equivalent to those of a 
                            Senator Executive Service position (within 
                            the meaning of section 3132(a)(2) of title 
                            5).

                (6) Effective date
                            Paragraphs (2) and (3) shall be effective as 
                        of the effective date of regulations under 
                        paragraph (4). (Pub. L. 105-339, Sec. 4(c), Oct. 
                        31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3185.)
   399.71-7  Sec. 1317. Prohibition of intimidation or reprisal.
            (a) In general
                It shall be unlawful for an employing office to 
            intimidate, take reprisal against, or otherwise discriminate 
            against, any covered employee because the covered employee 
            has opposed any practice made unlawful by this chapter, or 
            because the covered employee has initiated proceedings, made 
            a charge, or testified, assisted, or participated in any 
            manner in a hearing or other proceeding under this chapter.
            (b) Remedy
                The remedy available for a violation of subsection (a) 
            of this section shall be such legal or equitable remedy as 
            may be appropriate to redress a violation of subsection (a) 
            of this section. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title II, Sec. 207, Jan. 
            23, 1995, 109 Stat. 13.)
            
               Part B.--Public Services and Accommodations Under the 
                      Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990

     399.72  Sec. 1331. Rights and protections under the Americans With 
                Disabilities Act of 1990 relating to public services and 
                accommodations; procedures for remedy of violations.
            (a) Entities subject to this section
                The requirements of this section shall apply to--
                            (1) each office of the Senate, including 
                        each office of a Senator and each committee;
                            (2) each office of the House of 
                        Representatives, including each office of a 
                        Member of the House of Representatives and each 
                        committee;
                            (3) each joint committee of the Congress;
                            (4) the Capitol Guide Service;
                            (5) the Capitol Police;
                            (6) the Congressional Budget Office;
                            (7) the Office of the Architect of the 
                        Capitol (including the Senate Restaurants and 
                        the Botanic Garden);
                            (8) the Office of the Attending Physician;
                            (9) the Office of Compliance; and
                            (10) the Office of Technology Assessment.
            (b) Discrimination in public services and accommodations
                (1) Rights and protections
                            The rights and protections against 
                        discrimination in the provision of public 
                        services and accommodations established by 
                        sections 201 through 230, 302, 303, and 309 of 
                        the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 
                        U.S.C. 12131-12150, 12182, 12183, and 12189) 
                        shall apply to the entities listed in subsection 
                        (a) of this section.
                (2) Definitions
                            For purposes of the application of title II 
                        of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 
                        (42 U.S.C. 12131 et seq.) under this section, 
                        the term ``public entity'' means any entity 
                        listed in subsection (a) of this section that 
                        provides public services, programs, or 
                        activities.
            (c) Remedy
                            The remedy for a violation of subsection (b) 
                        of this section shall be such remedy as would be 
                        appropriate if awarded under section 203 or 
                        308(a) of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 
                        1990 (42 U.S.C. 12133, 12188(a)), except that, 
                        with respect to any claim of employment 
                        discrimination asserted by any covered employee, 
                        the exclusive remedy shall be under section 1311 
                        of this title.
            (d) Available procedures
                (1) Charge filed with General Counsel
                            A qualified individual with a disability, as 
                        defined in section 201(2) of the Americans With 
                        Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12131(2)), 
                        who alleges a violation of subsection (b) of 
                        this section by an entity listed in subsection 
                        (a) of this section, may file a charge against 
                        any entity responsible for correcting the 
                        violation with the General Counsel within 180 
                        days of the occurrence of the alleged violation. 
                        The General Counsel shall investigate the 
                        charge.
                (2) Mediation
                            If, upon investigation under paragraph (1), 
                        the General Counsel believes that a violation of 
                        subsection (b) of this section may have occurred 
                        and that mediation may be helpful in resolving 
                        the dispute, the General Counsel may request, 
                        but not participate in, mediation under 
                        subsections (b) through (d) of section 1403 of 
                        this title between the charging individual and 
                        any entity responsible for correcting the 
                        alleged violation.
                (3) Complaint, hearing, Board review
                            If mediation under paragraph (2) has not 
                        succeeded in resolving the dispute, and if the 
                        General Counsel believes that a violation of 
                        subsection (b) of this section may have 
                        occurred, the General Counsel may file with the 
                        Office a complaint against any entity 
                        responsible for correcting the violation. The 
                        complaint shall be submitted to a hearing 
                        officer for decision pursuant to subsections (b) 
                        through (h) of section 1405 of this title and 
                        any person who has filed a charge under 
                        paragraph (1) may intervene as of right, with 
                        the full rights of a party. The decision of the 
                        hearing officer shall be subject to review by 
                        the Board pursuant to section 1406 of this 
                        title.
                (4) Judicial review
                            A charging individual who has intervened 
                        under paragraph (3) or any respondent to the 
                        complaint, if aggrieved by a final decision of 
                        the Board under paragraph (3), may file a 
                        petition for review in the United States Court 
                        of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, pursuant to 
                        section 1407 of this title.
                (5) Compliance date
                            If new appropriated funds are necessary to 
                        comply with an order requiring correction of a 
                        violation of subsection (b) of this section, 
                        compliance shall take place as soon as possible, 
                        but no later than the fiscal year following the 
                        end of the fiscal year in which the order 
                        requiring correction becomes final and not 
                        subject to further review.
            (e) Regulations to implement section
                (1) In general
                            The Board shall, pursuant to section 1384 of 
                        this title, issue regulations to implement this 
                        section.
                (2) Agency regulations
                            The regulations issued under paragraph (1) 
                        shall be the same as substantive regulations 
                        promulgated by the Attorney General and the 
                        Secretary of Transportation to implement the 
                        statutory provisions referred to in subsection 
                        (b) of this section except to the extent that 
                        the Board may determine, for good cause shown 
                        and stated together with the regulation, that a 
                        modification of such regulations would be more 
                        effective for the implementation of the rights 
                        and protections under this section.
                (3) Entity responsible for correction
                            The regulations issued under paragraph (1) 
                        shall include a method of identifying, for 
                        purposes of this section and for categories of 
                        violations of subsection (b) of this section, 
                        the entity responsible for correction of a 
                        particular violation.
            (f) Periodic inspections; report to Congress; initial study
                (1) Periodic inspections
                            On a regular basis, and at least once each 
                        Congress, the General Counsel shall inspect the 
                        facilities of the entities listed in subsection 
                        (a) of this section to ensure compliance with 
                        subsection (b) of this section.
                (2) Report
                            On the basis of each periodic inspection, 
                        the General Counsel shall, at least once every 
                        Congress, prepare and submit a report--

                                (A) to the Speaker of the House of 
                            Representatives, the President pro tempore 
                            of the Senate, and the Office of the 
                            Architect of the Capitol, or other entity 
                            responsible, for correcting the violation of 
                            this section uncovered by such inspection, 
                            and

                                (B) containing the results of the 
                            periodic inspection, describing any steps 
                            necessary to correct any violation of this 
                            section, assessing any limitations in 
                            accessibility to and usability by 
                            individuals with disabilities associated 
                            with each violation, and the estimated cost 
                            and time needed for abatement.

                (3) Initial period for study and corrective action
                            The period from January 23, 1995 until 
                        December 31, 1996, shall be available to the 
                        Office of the Architect of the Capitol and other 
                        entities subject to this section to identify any 
                        violations of subsection (b) of this section, to 
                        determine the costs of compliance, and to take 
                        any necessary corrective action to abate any 
                        violations. The Office shall assist the Office 
                        of the Architect of the Capitol and other 
                        entities listed in subsection (a) of this 
                        section by arranging for inspections and other 
                        technical assistance at their request. Prior to 
                        July 1, 1996, the General Counsel shall conduct 
                        a thorough inspection under paragraph (1) and 
                        shall submit the report under paragraph (2) for 
                        the One Hundred Fourth Congress.
                (4) Detailed personnel
                            The Attorney General, the Secretary of 
                        Transportation, and the Architectural and 
                        Transportation Barriers Compliance Board may, on 
                        request of the Executive Director, detail to the 
                        Office such personnel as may be necessary to 
                        advise and assist the Office in carrying out its 
                        duties under this section.
            (g) Omitted. (Codified at 42 U.S.C. 12209)
            (h) Effective date
                (1) In general
                            Subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this 
                        section shall be effective on January 1, 1997.
                (2) General Accounting Office, Government Printing 
            Office, and Library of Congress
                            Subsection (g) of this section shall be 
                        effective 1 year after transmission to the 
                        Congress of the study under section 1371 of this 
                        title. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title II, Sec. 210, Jan. 
                        23, 1995, 109 Stat. 13.)
     399.73  
                 Part C.--Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

   399.73-1  Sec. 1341. Rights and protections under the Occupational 
                Safety and Health Act of 1970; procedures for remedy of 
                violations.
            (a) Occupational safety and health protections
                (1) In general
                            Each employing office and each covered 
                        employee shall comply with the provisions of 
                        section 5 of the Occupational Safety and Health 
                        Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 654).
                (2) Definitions
                            For purposes of the application under this 
                        section of chapter 15 of title 29--

                                (A) the term ``employer'' as used in 
                            such chapter means an employing office;

                                (B) the term ``employee'' as used in 
                            such chapter means a covered employee;

                                (C) the term ``employing office'' 
                            includes the General Accounting Office, the 
                            Library of Congress, and any entity listed 
                            in subsection (a) of section 1331 of this 
                            title that is responsible for correcting a 
                            violation of this section, irrespective of 
                            whether the entity has an employment 
                            relationship with any covered employee in 
                            any employing office in which such a 
                            violation occurs; and

                                (D) the term ``employee'' includes 
                            employees of the General Accounting Office 
                            and the Library of Congress.

            (b) Remedy
                The remedy for a violation of subsection (a) of this 
            section shall be an order to correct the violation, 
            including such order as would be appropriate if issued under 
            section 13(a) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 
            1970 (29 U.S.C. 662(a)).
            (c) Procedures
                (1) Requests for inspections
                            Upon written request of any employing office 
                        or covered employee, the General Counsel shall 
                        exercise the authorities granted to the 
                        Secretary of Labor by subsections (a), (d), (e), 
                        and (f) of section 8 of the Occupational Safety 
                        and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 657 (a), (d), 
                        (e), and (f) to inspect and investigate places 
                        of employment under the jurisdiction of 
                        employing offices.
                (2) Citations, notices, and notifications
                            For purposes of this section, the General 
                        Counsel shall exercise the authorities granted 
                        to the Secretary of Labor in sections 9 and 10 
                        of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 
                        1970 (29 U.S.C. 658 and 659), to issue--

                                (A) a citation or notice to any 
                            employing office responsible for correcting 
                            a violation of subsection (a) of this 
                            section; or

                                (B) a notification to any employing 
                            office that the General Counsel believes has 
                            failed to correct a violation for which a 
                            citation has been issued within the period 
                            permitted for its correction.

                (3) Hearings and review
                            If after issuing a citation or notification, 
                        the General Counsel determines that a violation 
                        has not been corrected, the General Counsel may 
                        file a complaint with the Office against the 
                        employing office named in the citation or 
                        notification. The complaint shall be submitted 
                        to a hearing officer for decision pursuant to 
                        subsections (b) through (h) of section 1405 of 
                        this title, subject to review by the Board 
                        pursuant to section 1406 of this title.
                (4) Variance procedures
                            An employing office may request from the 
                        Board an order granting a variance from a 
                        standard made applicable by this section. For 
                        the purposes of this section, the Board shall 
                        exercise the authorities granted to the 
                        Secretary of Labor in sections 6(b)(6) and 6(d) 
                        of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 
                        1970 (29 U.S.C. 655(b)(6) and 655(d)) to act on 
                        any employing office's request for a variance. 
                        The Board shall refer the matter to a hearing 
                        officer pursuant to subsections (b) through (h) 
                        of section 1405 of this title, subject to review 
                        by the Board pursuant to section 1406 of this 
                        title.
                (5) Judicial review
                            The General Counsel or employing office 
                        aggrieved by a final decision of the Board under 
                        paragraph (3) or (4), may file a petition for 
                        review with the United States Court of Appeals 
                        for the Federal Circuit pursuant to section 1407 
                        of this title.
                (6) Compliance date
                            If new appropriated funds are necessary to 
                        correct a violation of subsection (a) of this 
                        section for which a citation is issued, or to 
                        comply with an order requiring correction of 
                        such a violation, correction or compliance shall 
                        take place as soon as possible, but not later 
                        than the end of the fiscal year following the 
                        fiscal year in which the citation is issued or 
                        the order requiring correction becomes final and 
                        not subject to further review.
            (d) Regulations to implement section
                (1) In general
                            The Board shall, pursuant to section 1384 of 
                        this title, issue regulations to implement this 
                        section.
                (2) Agency regulations
                            The regulations issued under paragraph (1) 
                        shall be the same as substantive regulations 
                        promulgated by the Secretary of Labor to 
                        implement the statutory provisions referred to 
                        in subsection (a) of this section except to the 
                        extent that the Board may determine, for good 
                        cause shown and stated together with the 
                        regulation, that a modification of such 
                        regulations would be more effective for the 
                        implementation of the rights and protections 
                        under this section.
                (3) Employing office responsible for correction
                            The regulations issued under paragraph (1) 
                        shall include a method of identifying, for 
                        purposes of this section and for different 
                        categories of violations of subsection (a), the 
                        employing office responsible for correction of a 
                        particular violation.
            (e) Periodic inspections; report to Congress
                (1) Periodic inspections
                            On a regular basis, and at least once each 
                        Congress, the General Counsel, exercising the 
                        same authorities of the Secretary of Labor as 
                        under subsection (c)(1) of this section, shall 
                        conduct periodic inspections of all facilities 
                        of the House of Representatives, the Senate, the 
                        Capitol Guide Service, the Capitol Police, the 
                        Congressional Budget Office, the Office of the 
                        Architect of the Capitol, the Office of the 
                        Attending Physician, the Office of Compliance, 
                        the Office of Technology Assessment, the Library 
                        of Congress, and the General Accounting Office 
                        to report on compliance with subsection (a) of 
                        this section.
                (2) Report
                            On the basis of each periodic inspection, 
                        the General Counsel shall prepare and submit a 
                        report--

                                (A) to the Speaker of the House of 
                            Representatives, the President pro tempore 
                            of the Senate, and the Office of the 
                            Architect of the Capitol or other employing 
                            office responsible for correcting the 
                            violation of this section uncovered by such 
                            inspection, and

                                (B) containing the results of the 
                            periodic inspection, identifying the 
                            employing office responsible for correcting 
                            the violation of this section uncovered by 
                            such inspection, describing any steps 
                            necessary to correct any violation of this 
                            section, and assessing any risks to employee 
                            health and safety associated with any 
                            violation.

                (3) Action after report
                            If a report identifies any violation of this 
                        section, the General Counsel shall issue a 
                        citation or notice in accordance with subsection 
                        (c)(2)(A) of this section.
                (4) Detailed personnel
                            The Secretary of Labor may, on request of 
                        the Executive Director, detail to the Office 
                        such personnel as may be necessary to advise and 
                        assist the Office in carrying out its duties 
                        under this section.
            (f) Initial period for study and corrective action
                The period from January 23, 1995 until December 31, 
            1996, shall be available to the Office of the Architect of 
            the Capitol and other employing offices to identify any 
            violations of subsection (a) of this section, to determine 
            the costs of compliance, and to take any necessary 
            corrective action to abate any violations. The Office shall 
            assist the Office of the Architect of the Capitol and other 
            employing offices by arranging for inspections and other 
            technical assistance at their request. Prior to July 1, 
            1996, the General Counsel shall conduct a thorough 
            inspection under subsection (e)(1) of this section and shall 
            submit the report under subsection (e)(2) of this section 
            for the One Hundred Fourth Congress.
            (g) Effective date
                (1) In general
                            Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
                        subsections (a), (b), (c), and (e)(3) of this 
                        section shall be effective on January 1, 1997.
                (2) General Accounting Office and Library of Congress
                            This section shall be effective with respect 
                        to the General Accounting Office and the Library 
                        of Congress 1 year after transmission to the 
                        Congress of the study under section 1371 of this 
                        title. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title II, Sec. 215, Jan. 
                        23, 1995, 109 Stat. 16.)
     399.74  
                         Part D.--Labor-Management Relations

   399.74-1  Sec. 1351. Application of chapter 71 of title 5, relating to 
                Federal service labor-management relations; procedures 
                for remedy of violations.
            (a) Labor-management rights
                (1) In general
                            The rights, protections, and 
                        responsibilities established under sections 
                        7102, 7106, 7111 through 7117, 7119 through 
                        7122, and 7131 of title 5, shall apply to 
                        employing offices and to covered employees and 
                        representatives of those employees.
                (2) Definition
                            For purposes of the application under this 
                        section of the sections referred to in paragraph 
                        (1), the term ``agency'' shall be deemed to 
                        include an employing office.
            (b) Remedy
                The remedy for a violation of subsection (a) of this 
            section shall be such remedy, including a remedy under 
            section 7118(a)(7) of title 5, as would be appropriate if 
            awarded by the Federal Labor Relations Authority to remedy a 
            violation of any provision made applicable by subsection (a) 
            of this section.
            (c) Authorities and procedures for implementation and 
                enforcement
                (1) General authorities of the Board; petitions
                            For purposes of this section and except as 
                        otherwise provided in this section, the Board 
                        shall exercise the authorities of the Federal 
                        Labor Relations Authority under sections 7105, 
                        7111, 7112, 7113, 7115, 7117, 7118, and 7122 of 
                        title 5, and of the President under section 
                        7103(b) of title 5. For purposes of this 
                        section, any petition or other submission that, 
                        under chapter 71 of title 5, would be submitted 
                        to the Federal Labor Relations Authority shall, 
                        if brought under this section, be submitted to 
                        the Board. The Board shall refer any matter 
                        under this paragraph to a hearing officer for 
                        decision pursuant to subsections (b) through (h) 
                        of section 1405 of this title, subject to review 
                        by the Board pursuant to section 1406 of this 
                        title. The Board may direct that the General 
                        Counsel carry out the Board's investigative 
                        authorities under this paragraph.
                (2) General authorities of the General Counsel; charges 
            of unfair labor practice
                            For purposes of this section and except as 
                        otherwise provided in this section, the General 
                        Counsel shall exercise the authorities of the 
                        General Counsel of the Federal Labor Relations 
                        Authority under sections 7104 and 7118 of title 
                        5. For purposes of this section, any charge or 
                        other submission that, under chapter 71 of title 
                        5, would be submitted to the General Counsel of 
                        the Federal Labor Relations Authority shall, if 
                        brought under this section, be submitted to the 
                        General Counsel. If any person charges an 
                        employing office or a labor organization with 
                        having engaged in or engaging in an unfair 
                        practice and makes such charge within 180 days 
                        of the occurrence of the alleged unfair labor 
                        practice, the General Counsel shall investigate 
                        the charge and may file a complaint with the 
                        Office. The complaint shall be submitted to a 
                        hearing officer for decision pursuant to 
                        subsections (b) through (h) of section 1405 of 
                        this title, subject to review by the Board 
                        pursuant to section 1406 of this title.
                (3) Judicial review
                            Except for matters referred to in paragraphs 
                        (1) and (2) of section 7123(a) of title 5, the 
                        General Counsel or the respondent to the 
                        complaint, if aggrieved by a final decision of 
                        the Board under paragraph (1) or (2) of this 
                        subsection, may file a petition for judicial 
                        review in the United States Court of Appeals for 
                        the Federal Circuit pursuant to section 1407 of 
                        this title.
                (4) Exercise of impasses panel authority; requests
                            For purposes of this section and except as 
                        otherwise provided in this section, the Board 
                        shall exercise the authorities of the Federal 
                        Service Impasses Panel under section 7119 of 
                        title 5. For purposes of this section, any 
                        request that, under chapter 71 of title 5, would 
                        be presented to the Federal Service Impasses 
                        Panel shall, if made under this section, be 
                        presented to the Board. At the request of the 
                        Board, the Executive Director shall appoint a 
                        mediator or mediators to perform the functions 
                        of the Federal Service Impasses Panel under 
                        section 7119 of title 5.
            (d) Regulations to implement section
                (1) In general
                            The Board shall, pursuant to section 1348 of 
                        this title, issue regulations to implement this 
                        section.
                (2) Agency regulations
                            Except as provided in subsection (e) of this 
                        section, the regulations issued under paragraph 
                        (1) shall be the same as substantive regulations 
                        promulgated by the Federal Labor Relations 
                        Authority to implement the statutory provisions 
                        referred to in subsection (a) of this section 
                        except--

                                (A) to the extent that the Board may 
                            determine, for good cause shown and stated 
                            together with the regulation, that a 
                            modification of such regulations would be 
                            more effective for the implementation of the 
                            rights and protections under this section; 
                            or

                                (B) as the Board deems necessary to 
                            avoid a conflict of interest or appearance 
                            of a conflict of interest.

            (e) Specific regulations regarding application to certain 
                offices of Congress
                (1) Regulations required
                            The Board shall issue regulations pursuant 
                        to section 1384 of this title on the manner and 
                        extent to which the requirements and exemptions 
                        of chapter 71 of title 5, should apply to 
                        covered employees who are employed in the 
                        offices listed in paragraph (2). The regulations 
                        shall, to the greatest extent practicable, be 
                        consistent with the provisions and purposes of 
                        chapter 71 of title 5, and of this chapter, and 
                        shall be the same as substantive regulations 
                        issued by the Federal Labor Relations Authority 
                        under such chapter, except--

                                (A) to the extent that the Board may 
                            determine, for good cause shown and stated 
                            together with the regulation, that a 
                            modification of such regulations would be 
                            more effective for the implementation of the 
                            rights and protections under this section; 
                            and

                                (B) that the Board shall exclude from 
                            coverage under this section any covered 
                            employees who are employed in offices listed 
                            in paragraph (2) if the Board determines 
                            that such exclusion is required because of--

                                        (i) a conflict of interest or 
                                    appearance of a conflict of 
                                    interest; or

                                        (ii) Congress' constitutional 
                                    responsibilities.

                (2) Offices referred to
                            The offices referred to in paragraph (1) 
                        include--

                                (A) the personal office of any Member of 
                            the House of Representatives or of any 
                            Senator;

                                (B) a standing, select, special, 
                            permanent, temporary, or other committee of 
                            the Senate or House of Representatives, or a 
                            joint committee of Congress;

                                (C) the Office of the Vice President (as 
                            President of the Senate), the Office of the 
                            President pro tempore of the Senate, the 
                            Office of the Majority Leader of the Senate, 
                            the Office of the Minority Leader of the 
                            Senate, the Office of the Majority Whip of 
                            the Senate, the Office of the Minority Whip 
                            of the Senate, the Conference of the 
                            Majority of the Senate, the Conference of 
                            the Minority of the Senate, the Office of 
                            the Secretary of the Conference of the 
                            Majority of the Senate, the Office of the 
                            Secretary of the Conference of the Minority 
                            of the Senate, the Office of the Secretary 
                            for the Majority of the Senate, the Office 
                            of the Secretary for the Minority of the 
                            Senate, the Majority Policy Committee of the 
                            Senate, the Minority Policy Committee of the 
                            Senate, and the following offices within the 
                            Office of the Secretary of the Senate: 
                            Offices of the Parliamentarian, Bill Clerk, 
                            Legislative Clerk, Journal Clerk, Executive 
                            Clerk, Enrolling Clerk, Official Reporters 
                            of Debate, Daily Digest, Printing Services, 
                            Captioning Services, and Senate Chief 
                            Counsel for Employment;

                                (D) the Office of the Speaker of the 
                            House of Representatives, the Office of the 
                            Majority Leader of the House of 
                            Representatives, the Office of the Minority 
                            Leader of the House of Representatives, the 
                            Offices of the Chief Deputy Majority Whips, 
                            the Offices of the Chief Deputy Minority 
                            Whips and the following offices within the 
                            Office of the Clerk of the House of 
                            Representatives: Offices of Legislative 
                            Operations, Official Reporters of Debate, 
                            Official Reporters to Committees, Printing 
                            Services, and Legislative Information;

                                (E) the Office of the Legislative 
                            Counsel of the Senate, the Office of the 
                            Senate Legal Counsel, the Office of the 
                            Legislative Counsel of the House of 
                            Representatives, the Office of the General 
                            Counsel of the House of Representatives, the 
                            Office of the Parliamentarian of the House 
                            of Representatives, and the Office of the 
                            Law Revision Counsel;

                                (F) the offices of any caucus or party 
                            organization;

                                (G) the Congressional Budget Office, the 
                            Office of Technology Assessment, and the 
                            Office of Compliance; and

                                (H) such other offices that perform 
                            comparable functions which are identified 
                            under regulations of the Board.

            (f) Effective date
                (1) In general
                            Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
                        subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be 
                        effective on October 1, 1996.
                (2) Certain offices
                            With respect to the offices listed in 
                        subsection (e)(2) of this section, to the 
                        covered employees of such offices, and to 
                        representatives of such employees, subsections 
                        (a) and (b) of this section shall be effective 
                        on the effective date of regulations under 
                        subsection (e) of this section. (Pub. L. 104-1, 
                        Title II, Sec. 220, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 
                        19.)
     399.75  
                                  Part E.--General

   399.75-1  Sec. 1361. Generally applicable remedies and limitations.
            (a) Attorney's fees
                If a covered employee, with respect to any claim under 
            this chapter, or a qualified person with a disability, with 
            respect to any claim under section 1331 of this title, is a 
            prevailing party in any proceeding under section 1405, 1406, 
            1407, or 1408 of this title, the hearing officer, Board, or 
            court, as the case may be, may award attorney's fees, expert 
            fees, and any other costs as would be appropriate if awarded 
            under section 706(k) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 
            U.S.C. 2000e-5(k)).
            (b) Interest
                In any proceeding under sections 1405, 1406, 1407, or 
            1408 of this title, the same interest to compensate for 
            delay in payment shall be made available as would be 
            appropriate if awarded under section 717(d) of the Civil 
            Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-16(d)).
            (c) Civil penalties and punitive damages
                No civil penalty or punitive damages may be awarded with 
            respect to any claim under this chapter.
            (d) Exclusive procedure
                (1) In general
                            Except as provided in paragraph (2), no 
                        person may commence an administrative or 
                        judicial proceeding to seek a remedy for the 
                        rights and protections afforded by this chapter 
                        except as provided in this chapter.
                (2) Veterans
                             A covered employee under section 1316 of 
                        this title may also utilize any provisions of 
                        chapter 43 of title 38, that are applicable to 
                        that employee.
            (e) Scope of remedy
                Only a covered employee who has undertaken and completed 
            the procedures described in sections 1402 and 1403 of this 
            title may be granted a remedy under part A of this 
            subchapter.
            (f) Construction
                (1) Definitions and exemptions
                            Except where inconsistent with definitions 
                        and exemptions provided in this chapter, the 
                        definitions and exemptions in the laws made 
                        applicable by this chapter shall apply under 
                        this chapter.
                (2) Size limitations
                            Notwithstanding paragraph (1), provisions in 
                        the laws made applicable under this chapter 
                        (other than chapter 23 of title 29) deter mining 
                        coverage based on size, whether expressed in 
                        terms of numbers of employees, amount of 
                        business transacted, or other measure, shall not 
                        apply in determining coverage under this 
                        chapter.
                (3) Executive branch enforcement
                            This chapter shall not be construed to 
                        authorize enforcement by the executive branch of 
                        this chapter. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title II, 
                        Sec. 225, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 22.)
     399.76  
                                   Part F.--Study

   399.76-1  Sec. 1371. Study and recommendations regarding General 
                Accounting Office, Government Printing Office, and 
                Library of Congress.
            (a) In general
                The Board shall undertake a study of--
                            (1) the application of the laws listed in 
                        subsection (b) of this section to--

                                (A) the General Accounting Office;

                                (B) the Government Printing Office; and

                                (C) the Library of Congress; and

                            (2) the regulations and procedures used by 
                        the entities referred to in paragraph (1) to 
                        apply and enforce such laws to themselves and 
                        their employees.
            (b) Applicable statutes
                The study under this section shall consider the 
            application of the following laws:
                            (1) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 
                        1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.), and related 
                        provisions of section 2302 of title 5.
                            (2) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act 
                        of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 621 et seq.), and related 
                        provisions of section 2302 of title 5.
                            (3) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 
                        1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), and related 
                        provisions of section 2302 of title 5.
                            (4) The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 
                        (29 U.S.C. 2611 et seq.), and related provisions 
                        of sections 6381 through 6387 of title 5.
                            (5) The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 
                        U.S.C. 201 et seq.), and related provisions of 
                        sections 5541 through 5550a of title 5.
                            (6) The Occupational Safety and Health Act 
                        of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.), and related 
                        provisions of section 7902 of title 5.
                            (7) The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 
                        U.S.C. 701 et seq.).
                            (8) Chapter 71 (relating to Federal service 
                        and labor-management relations) of title 5.
                            (9) The General Accounting Office Personnel 
                        Act of 1980 (31 U.S.C. 731 et seq.).
                            (10) The Employee Polygraph Protection Act 
                        of 1988 (29 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.).
                            (11) The Worker Adjustment and Retraining 
                        Notification Act (29 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.).
                            (12) Chapter 43 (relating to veterans' 
                        employment and reemployment) of title 38.
                (c) Contents of study and recommendations
                            The study under this section shall evaluate 
                        whether the rights, protections, and procedures, 
                        including administrative and judicial relief, 
                        applicable to the entities listed in paragraph 
                        (1) of subsection (a) of this section and their 
                        employees are comprehensive and effective and 
                        shall include recommendations for any 
                        improvements in regulations or legislation, 
                        including proposed regulatory or legislative 
                        language.
                (d) Deadline and delivery of study
                            Not later than December 31, 1996--

                                (1) the Board shall prepare and complete 
                            the study and recommendations required under 
                            this section; and

                                (2) the Board shall transmit such study 
                            and recommendations (with the Board's 
                            comments) to the head of each entity 
                            considered in the study, and to the Congress 
                            by delivery to the Speaker of the House of 
                            Representatives and President pro tempore of 
                            the Senate for referral to the appropriate 
                            committees of the House of Representatives 
                            and of the Senate. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title II, 
                            Sec. 230, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 23; Pub. 
                            L. 104-53, Title III, Sec. 309 (a), (b), 
                            Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 538.)

     399.77  
                        Subchapter III.--Office of Compliance

   399.77-1  Sec. 1381. Establishment of Office of Compliance.
            (a) Establishment
                There is established, as an independent office within 
            the legislative branch of the Federal Government, the Office 
            of Compliance.
            (b) Board of Directors
                The Office shall have a Board of Directors. The Board 
            shall consist of five individuals appointed jointly by the 
            Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Majority Leader 
            of the Senate, and the Minority Leaders of the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate. Appointments of the first 
            five members of the Board shall be completed not later than 
            90 days after January 23, 1995.
            (c) Chair
                The Chair shall be appointed from members of the Board 
            jointly by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the 
            Majority Leader of the Senate, and the Minority Leaders of 
            the House of Representatives and the Senate.
            (d) Board of Directors qualifications
                (1) Specific qualifications

                                Selection and appointment of members of 
                            the Board shall be without regard to 
                            political affiliation and solely on the 
                            basis of fitness to perform the duties of 
                            the Office. Members of the Board shall have 
                            training or experience in the application of 
                            the rights, protections, and remedies under 
                            one or more of the laws made applicable 
                            under section 1302 of this title.

                (2) Disqualifications for appointments
                            (A) Lobbying

                                No individual who engages in, or is 
                            otherwise employed in, lobbying of the 
                            Congress and who is required under chapter 
                            8a of this title to register with the Clerk 
                            of the House of Representatives or the 
                            Secretary of the Senate shall be eligible 
                            for appointment to, or service on, the 
                            Board.

                            (B) Incompatible office

                                No member of the Board appointed under 
                            subsection (b) of this section may hold or 
                            may have held the position of Member of the 
                            House of Representatives or Senator, may 
                            hold the position of officer or employee of 
                            the House of Representatives, Senate, or 
                            instrumentality or other entity of the 
                            legislative branch, or may have held such a 
                            position (other than the position of an 
                            officer or employee of the General 
                            Accounting Office Personnel Appeals Board, 
                            an officer or employee of the Office of Fair 
                            Employment Practices of the House of 
                            Representatives, or officer or employee of 
                            the Office of Senate Fair Employment 
                            Practices) within 4 years of the date of 
                            appointment.

                (3) Vacancies
                            A vacancy on the Board shall be filled in 
                        the manner in which the original appointment was 
                        made.
            (e) Term of office
                (1) In general
                            Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
                        membership on the Board shall be for 5 years. A 
                        member of the Board who is appointed to a term 
                        of office of more than 3 years shall only be 
                        eligible for appointment for a single term of 
                        office.
                (2) First appointment
                            Of the members first appointed to the 
                        Board--

                                (A) 1 shall have a term of office of 3 
                            years,

                                (B) 2 shall have a term of office of 4 
                            years, and

                                (C) 2 shall have a term of office of 5 
                            years, 1 of whom shall be the Chair,

            as designated at the time of appointment by the persons 
            specified in subsection (b) of this section.

            (f) Removal
                (1) Authority
                            Any member of the Board may be removed from 
                        office by a majority decision of the appointing 
                        authorities described in subsection (b) of this 
                        section, but only for--

                                (A) disability that substantially 
                            prevents the member from carrying out the 
                            duties of the member,

                                (B) incompetence,

                                (C) neglect of duty,

                                (D) malfeasance, including a felony or 
                            conduct involving moral turpitude, or

                                (E) holding an office or employment or 
                            engaging in an activity that disqualifies 
                            the individual from service as a member of 
                            the Board under subsection (d)(2) of this 
                            section.

                (2) Statement of reasons for removal
                            In removing a member of the Board, the 
                        Speaker of the House of Representatives and the 
                        President pro tempore of the Senate shall state 
                        in writing to the member of the Board being 
                        removed the specific reasons for the removal.
            (g) Compensation
                (1) Per diem
                Each member of the Board shall be compensated at a rate 
            equal to the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic 
            pay prescribed for level V of the Executive Schedule under 
            section 5316 of title 5, for each day (including travel 
            time) during which such member is engaged in the performance 
            of the duties of the Board. The rate of pay of a member may 
            be prorated based on the portion of the day during which the 
            member is engaged in the performance of Board duties.
                (2) Travel expenses
                Each member of the Board shall receive travel expenses, 
            including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates 
            authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of 
            chapter 57 of title 5, for each day the member is engaged in 
            the performance of duties away from the home or regular 
            place of business of the member.
            (h) Duties
                The Office shall--
                            (1) carry out a program of education for 
                        Members of Congress and other employing 
                        authorities of the legislative branch of the 
                        Federal Government respecting the laws made 
                        applicable to them and a program to inform 
                        individuals of their rights under laws 
                        applicable to the legislative branch of the 
                        Federal Government;
                            (2) in carrying out the program under 
                        paragraph (1), distribute the telephone number 
                        and address of the Office, procedures for action 
                        under title IV, and any other information 
                        appropriate for distribution, distribute such 
                        information to employing offices in a manner 
                        suitable for posting, provide such information 
                        to new employees of employing offices, 
                        distribute such information to the residences of 
                        covered employees, and conduct seminars and 
                        other activities designed to educate employing 
                        offices and covered employees; and
                            (3) compile and publish statistics on the 
                        use of the Office by covered employees, 
                        including the number and type of contacts made 
                        with the Office, on the reason for such 
                        contacts, on the number of covered employees who 
                        initiated proceedings with the Office under this 
                        chapter and the result of such proceedings, and 
                        on the number of covered employees who filed a 
                        complaint, the basis for the complaint, and the 
                        action taken on the complaint.
            (i) Congressional oversight
                The Board and the Office shall be subject to oversight 
            (except with respect to the disposition of individual cases) 
            by the Committee on Rules and Administration and the 
            Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 
            Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
            Representatives.
            (j) Opening of Office
                The Office shall be open for business, including receipt 
            of requests for counseling under section 1402 of this title, 
            not later than 1 year after January 23, 1995.
            (k) Financial disclosure reports
                Members of the Board and officers and employees of the 
            Office shall file the financial disclosure reports required 
            under title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 with 
            the Clerk of the House of Representatives. (Pub. L. 104-1, 
            Title III, Sec. 301, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 24.)
   399.77-2  Sec. 1382. Officers, staff, and other personnel.
            (a) Executive Director
                (1) Appointment and removal

                                (A) In general

                                        The Chair, subject to the 
                                    approval of the Board, shall appoint 
                                    and may remove an Executive 
                                    Director. Selection and appointment 
                                    of the Executive Director shall be 
                                    without regard to political 
                                    affiliation and solely on the basis 
                                    of fitness to perform the duties of 
                                    the Office. The first Executive 
                                    Director shall be appointed no later 
                                    than 90 days after the initial 
                                    appointment of the Board of 
                                    Directors.

                                (B) Qualifications

                                        The Executive Director shall be 
                                    an individual with training or 
                                    expertise in the application of laws 
                                    referred to in section 1302(a) of 
                                    this title.

                                (C) Disqualifications

                                        The disqualifications in section 
                                    1381(d)(2) of this title shall apply 
                                    to the appointment of the Executive 
                                    Director.

                (2) Compensation
                            The Chair may fix the compensation of the 
                        Executive Director. The rate of pay for the 
                        Executive Director may not exceed the annual 
                        rate of basic pay prescribed for level V of the 
                        Executive Schedule under section 5316 of title 
                        5.
                (3) Term
                            The term of office of the Executive Director 
                        shall be a single term of 5 years, except that 
                        the first Executive Director shall have a single 
                        term of 7 years.
                (4) Duties
                            The Executive Director shall serve as the 
                        chief operating officer of the Office. Except as 
                        otherwise specified in this chapter, the 
                        Executive Director shall carry out all of the 
                        responsibilities of the Office under this 
                        chapter.
            (b) Deputy Executive Directors
                (1) In general
                            The Chair, subject to the approval of the 
                        Board, shall appoint and may remove a Deputy 
                        Executive Director for the Senate and a Deputy 
                        Executive Director for the House of 
                        Representatives. Selection and appointment of a 
                        Deputy Executive Director shall be without 
                        regard to political affiliation and solely on 
                        the basis of fitness to perform the duties of 
                        the office. The disqualifications in section 
                        1381(d)(2) of this title shall apply to the 
                        appointment of a Deputy Executive Director.
                (2) Term
                            The term of office of a Deputy Executive 
                        Director shall be a single term of 5 years, 
                        except that the first Deputy Executive Directors 
                        shall have a single term of 6 years.
                (3) Compensation
                            The Chair may fix the compensation of the 
                        Deputy Executive Directors. The rate of pay for 
                        a Deputy Executive Director may not exceed 96 
                        percent of the annual rate of basic pay 
                        prescribed for level V of the Executive Schedule 
                        under section 5316 of title 5.
                (4) Duties
                            The Deputy Executive Director for the Senate 
                        shall recommend to the Board regulations under 
                        section 1384(a)(2)(B)(i) of this title, maintain 
                        the regulations and all records pertaining to 
                        the regulations, and shall assume such other 
                        responsibilities as may be delegated by the 
                        Executive Director. The Deputy Executive 
                        Director for the House of Representatives shall 
                        recommend to the Board the regulations under 
                        section 1384(a)(2)(B)(ii) of this title, 
                        maintain the regulations and all records 
                        pertaining to the regulations, and shall assume 
                        such other responsibilities as may be delegated 
                        by the Executive Director.
            (c) General Counsel
                (1) In general
                            The Chair, subject to the approval of the 
                        Board, shall appoint a General Counsel. 
                        Selection and appointment of the General Counsel 
                        shall be without regard to political affiliation 
                        and solely on the basis of fitness to perform 
                        the duties of the Office. The disqualifications 
                        in section 1381(d)(2) of this title shall apply 
                        to the appointment of a General Counsel.
                (2) Compensation
                            The Chair may fix the compensation of the 
                        General Counsel. The rate of pay for the General 
                        Counsel may not exceed the annual rate of basic 
                        pay prescribed for level V of the Executive 
                        Schedule under section 5316 of title 5.
                (3) Duties
                            The General Counsel shall--

                                (A) exercise the authorities and perform 
                            the duties of the General Counsel as 
                            specified in this chapter; and

                                (B) otherwise assist the Board and the 
                            Executive Director in carrying out their 
                            duties and powers, including representing 
                            the Office in any judicial proceeding under 
                            this chapter.

                (4) Attorneys in the Office of the General Counsel
                            The General Counsel shall appoint, and fix 
                        the compensation of, and may remove, such 
                        additional attorneys as may be necessary to 
                        enable the General Counsel to perform the 
                        General Counsel's duties.
                (5) Term
                            The term of office of the General Counsel 
                        shall be a single term of 5 years.
                (6) Removal
                            (A) Authority

                                The General Counsel may be removed from 
                            office by the Chair but only for--

                                (i) disability that substantially 
                            prevents the General Counsel from carrying 
                            out the duties of the General Counsel,

                                (ii) incompetence,

                                (iii) neglect of duty,

                                (iv) malfeasance, including a felony or 
                            conduct involving moral turpitude, or

                                (v) holding an office or employment or 
                            engaging in an activity that disqualifies 
                            the individual from service as the General 
                            Counsel under paragraph (1).

                            (B) Statement of reasons for removal

                                In removing the General Counsel, the 
                            Speaker of the House of Representatives and 
                            the President pro tempore of the Senate 
                            shall state in writing to the General 
                            Counsel the specific reasons for the 
                            removal.

            (d) Other staff
                The Executive Director shall appoint, and fix the 
            compensation of, and may remove, such other additional 
            staff, including hearing officers, but not including 
            attorneys employed in the office of the General Counsel, as 
            may be necessary to enable the Office to perform its duties.
            (e) Detailed personnel
                The Executive Director may, with the prior consent of 
            the department or agency of the Federal Government 
            concerned, use on a reimbursable or nonreimbursable basis 
            the services of personnel of any such department or agency, 
            including the services of members or personnel of the 
            General Accounting Office Personnel Appeals Board.
            (f) Consultants
                In carrying out the functions of the Office, the 
            Executive Director may procure the temporary (not to exceed 
            1 year) or intermittent services of consultants. (Pub. L. 
            104-1, Title III, Sec. 302, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 26.)
   399.77-3  Sec. 1383. Procedural rules.
            (a) In general
                The Executive Director shall, subject to the approval of 
            the Board, adopt rules governing the procedures of the 
            Office, including the procedures of hearing officers, which 
            shall be submitted for publication in the Congressional 
            Record. The rules may be amended in the same manner.
            (b) Procedure
                The Executive Director shall adopt rules referred to in 
            subsection (a) of this section in accordance with the 
            principles and procedures set forth in section 53 of title 
            5. The Executive Director shall publish a general notice of 
            proposed rulemaking under section 553(b) of title 5, but, 
            instead of publication of a general notice of proposed 
            rulemaking in the Federal Register, the Executive Director 
            shall transmit such notice to the Speaker of the House of 
            Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate 
            for publication in the Congressional Record on the first day 
            on which both Houses are in session following such 
            transmittal. Before adopting rules, the Executive Director 
            shall provide a comment period of at least 30 days after 
            publication of a general notice of proposed rulemaking. Upon 
            adopting rules, the Executive Director shall transmit notice 
            of such action together with a copy of such rules to the 
            Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President 
            pro tempore of the Senate for publication in the 
            Congressional Record on the first day on which both Houses 
            are in session following such transmittal. Rules shall be 
            considered issued by the Executive Director as of the date 
            of which they are published in the Congressional Record. 
            (Pub. L. 104-1, Title III, Sec. 303, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 
            Stat. 28.)
   399.77-4  Sec. 1384. Substantive regulations.
            (a) Regulations
                (1) In general
                            The procedures applicable to the regulations 
                        of the Board issued for the implementation of 
                        this chapter, which shall include regulations 
                        the Board is required to issue under subchapter 
                        II of this title (including regulations on the 
                        appropriate application of exemptions under the 
                        laws made applicable in subchapter II of this 
                        title) are as prescribed in this section.
                (2) Rulemaking procedure
                            Such regulations of the Board--

                                (A) shall be adopted, approved, and 
                            issued in accordance with subsection (b) of 
                            this section; and

                                (B) shall consist of 3 separate bodies 
                            of regulations, which shall apply, 
                            respectively, to--

                                        (i) the Senate and employees of 
                                    the Senate;

                                        (ii) the House of 
                                    Representatives and employees of the 
                                    House of Representatives; and

                                        (iii) all other covered 
                                    employees and employing offices.

            (b) Adoption by the Board
                The Board shall adopt the regulations referred to in 
            subsection (a)(1) of this section in accordance with the 
            principles and procedures set forth in section 553 of title 
            5, and as provided in the following provisions of this 
            subsection:
                            (1) Proposal

                                The Board shall publish a general notice 
                            of proposed rulemaking under section 553(b) 
                            of title 5, but, instead of publication of a 
                            general notice of proposed rulemaking in the 
                            Federal Register, the Board shall transmit 
                            such notice to the Speaker of the House of 
                            Representatives and the President pro 
                            tempore of the Senate for publication in the 
                            Congressional Record on the first day on 
                            which both Houses are in session following 
                            such transmittal. Such notice shall set 
                            forth the recommendations of the Deputy 
                            Director for the Senate in regard to 
                            regulations under subsection (a)(2)(B)(i) of 
                            this section, the recommendations of the 
                            Deputy Director for the House of 
                            Representatives in regard to regulations 
                            under subsection (a)(2)(B)(ii) of this 
                            section, and the recommendations of the 
                            Executive Director for regulations under 
                            subsection (a)(2)(B)(iii) of this section.

                            (2) Comment

                                Before adopting regulations, the Board 
                            shall provide a comment period of at least 
                            30 days after publication of a general 
                            notice of proposed rulemaking.

                            (3) Adoption

                                After considering comments, the Board 
                            shall adopt regulations and shall transmit 
                            notice of such action together with a copy 
                            of such regulations to the Speaker of the 
                            House of Representatives and the President 
                            pro tempore of the Senate for publication in 
                            the Congressional Record on the first day on 
                            which both Houses are in session following 
                            such transmittal.

                            (4) Recommendation as to method of approval

                                The Board shall include a recommendation 
                            in the general notice of proposed rulemaking 
                            and in the regulations as to whether the 
                            regulations should be approved by resolution 
                            of the Senate, by resolution of the House of 
                            Representatives, by concurrent resolution, 
                            or by joint resolution.

            (c) Approval of regulations
                (1) In general
                            Regulations referred to in paragraph 
                        (2)(B)(i) of subsection (a) of this section may 
                        be approved by the Senate by resolution or by 
                        the Congress by concurrent resolution or by 
                        joint resolution. Regulations referred to in 
                        paragraph (2)(B)(ii) of subsection (a) of this 
                        section may be approved by the House of 
                        Representatives by resolution or by the Congress 
                        by concurrent resolution or by joint resolution. 
                        Regulations referred to in paragraph (2)(B)(iii) 
                        may be approved by Congress by concurrent 
                        resolution or by joint resolution.
                (2) Referral
                            Upon receipt of a notice of adoption of 
                        regulations under subsection (b)(3) of this 
                        section, the presiding officers of the House of 
                        Representatives and the Senate shall refer such 
                        notice, together with a copy of such 
                        regulations, to the appropriate committee or 
                        committees of the House of Representatives and 
                        of the Senate. The purpose of the referral shall 
                        be to consider whether such regulations should 
                        be approved, and, if so, whether such approval 
                        should be by resolution of the House of 
                        Representatives or of the Senate, by concurrent 
                        resolution or by joint resolution.
                (3) Joint referral and discharge in the Senate
                            The presiding officer of the Senate may 
                        refer the notice of issuance of regulations, or 
                        any resolution of approval of regulations, to 
                        one committee or jointly to more than one 
                        committee. If a committee of the Senate acts to 
                        report a jointly referred measure, any other 
                        committee of the Senate must act within 30 
                        calendar days of continuous session, or be 
                        automatically discharged.
                (4) One-house resolution or concurrent resolution
                            In the case of a resolution of the House of 
                        Representatives or the Senate or a concurrent 
                        resolution referred to in paragraph (1), the 
                        matter after the resolving clause shall be the 
                        following: ``The following regulations issued by 
                        the Office of Compliance on ____ are hereby 
                        approved:'' (the blank space being appropriately 
                        filled in, and the text of the regulations being 
                        set forth).
                (5) Joint resolution
                            In the case of a joint resolution referred 
                        to in paragraph (1), the matter after the 
                        resolving clause shall be the following: ``The 
                        following regulations issued by the Office of 
                        Compliance on ____ are hereby approved and shall 
                        have the force and effect of law:'' (the blank 
                        space being appropriately filled in, and the 
                        text of the regulations being set forth).
            (d) Issuance and effective date
                (1) Publication
                            After approval of regulations under 
                        subsection (c) of this section, the Board shall 
                        submit the regulations to the Speaker of the 
                        House of Representatives and the President pro 
                        tempore of the Senate for publication in the 
                        Congressional Record on the first day on which 
                        both Houses are in session following such 
                        transmittal.
                (2) Date of issuance
                            The date of issuance of regulations shall be 
                        the date on which they are published in the 
                        Congressional Record under paragraph (1).
                (3) Effective date
                            Regulations shall become effective not less 
                        than 60 days after the regulations are issued, 
                        except that the Board may provide for an earlier 
                        effective date for good cause found (within the 
                        meaning of section 553(d)(3) of title 5) and 
                        published with the regulation.
            (e) Amendment of regulations
                Regulations may be amended in the same manner as is 
            described in this section for the adoption, approval, and 
            issuance of regulations, except that the Board may, in its 
            discretion, dispense with publication of a general notice of 
            proposed rulemaking of minor, technical, or urgent 
            amendments that satisfy the criteria for dispensing with 
            publication of such notice pursuant to section 553(b)(B) of 
            title 5.
            (f) Right to petition for rulemaking
                Any interested party may petition to the Board for the 
            issuance, amendment, or repeal of a regulation.
            (g) Consultation
                The Executive Director, the Deputy Directors, and the 
            Board--
                            (1) shall consult, with regard to the 
                        development of regulations, with--

                                (A) the Chair of the Administrative 
                            Conference of the United States;

                                (B) the Secretary of Labor;

                                (C) the Federal Labor Relations 
                            Authority; and

                                (D) the Director of the Office of 
                            Personnel Management; and

                            (2) may consult with any other persons with 
                        whom consultation, in the opinion of the Board, 
                        the Executive Director, or Deputy Directors, may 
                        be helpful. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title III, Sec. 304, 
                        Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 29.)
   399.77-5  Sec. 1385. Expenses.
            (a) Authorization of appropriations
                Beginning in fiscal year 1995, and for each fiscal year 
            thereafter, there are authorized to be appropriated for the 
            expenses of the Office such sums as may be necessary to 
            carry out the functions of the Office. Until sums are first 
            appropriated pursuant to the preceding sentence, but for a 
            period not exceeding 12 months following January 23, 1995--
                            (1) one-half of the expenses of the Office 
                        shall be paid from funds appropriated for 
                        allowances and expenses of the House of 
                        Representatives, and
                            (2) one-half of the expenses of the Office 
                        shall be paid from funds appropriated for 
                        allowances and expenses of the Senate, upon 
                        vouchers approved by the Executive Director, 
                        except that a voucher shall not be required for 
                        the disbursement of salaries of employees who 
                        are paid at an annual rate. The Clerk of the 
                        House of Representatives and the Secretary of 
                        the Senate are authorized to make arrangements 
                        for the division of expenses under this 
                        subsection, including arrangements for one House 
                        of Congress to reimburse the other House of 
                        Congress.
            (b) Financial and administrative services
                The Executive Director may place orders and enter into 
            agreements for goods and services with the head of any 
            agency, or major organizational unit within an agency, in 
            the legislative or executive branch of the United States in 
            the same manner and to the same extent as agencies are 
            authorized under sections 1535 and 1536 of title 31, to 
            place orders and enter into agreements.
            (c) Witness fees and allowances
                Except for covered employees, witnesses before a hearing 
            officer or the Board in any proceeding under this chapter 
            other than rulemaking shall be paid the same fee and mileage 
            allowances as are paid subpoenaed witnesses in the courts of 
            the United States. Covered employees who are summoned, or 
            are assigned by their employer, to testify in their official 
            capacity or to produce official records in any proceeding 
            under this Act shall be entitled to travel expenses under 
            subchapter I and section 5751 of chapter 57 of title 5. 
            (Pub. L. 104-1, Title III, Sec. 305, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 
            Stat. 31.)
     399.78  
                Subchapter IV.--Administrative and Judicial Dispute-
                               Resolution Procedures

   399.78-1  Sec. 1401. Procedure for consideration of alleged 
                violations.
                Except as otherwise provided, the procedure for 
            consideration of alleged violations of part A of subchapter 
            II of this chapter consists of--
                            (1) counseling as provided in section 1402 
                        of this title;
                            (2) mediation as provided in section 1403 of 
                        this title; and
                            (3) election, as provided in section 1404 of 
                        this title, of either--

                                (A) a formal complaint and hearing as 
                            provided in section 1405 of this title, 
                            subject to Board review as provided in 
                            section 1406 of this title, and judicial 
                            review in the United States Court of Appeals 
                            for the Federal Circuit as provided in 
                            section 1407 of this title, or

                                (B) a civil action in a district court 
                            of the United States as provided in section 
                            1408 of this title.

                            In the case of an employee of the Office of 
                        the Architect of the Capitol or of the Capitol 
                        Police, the Executive Director, after receiving 
                        a request for counseling under section 1402 of 
                        this title, may recommend that the employee use 
                        the grievance procedures of the Architect of the 
                        Capitol or the Capitol Police for resolution of 
                        the employee's grievance for a specific period 
                        of time, which shall not count against the time 
                        available for counseling or mediation. (Pub. L. 
                        104-1, Title IV, Sec. 401, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 
                        Stat. 32.)
   399.78-2  Sec. 1402. Counseling.
            (a) In general
                To commence a proceeding, a covered employee alleging a 
            violation of a law made applicable under part A of 
            subchapter II of this title shall request counseling by the 
            Office. The Office shall provide the employee with all 
            relevant information with respect to the rights of the 
            employee. A request for counseling shall be made not later 
            than 180 days after the date of alleged violation.
            (b) Period of counseling
                The period for counseling shall be 30 days unless the 
            employee and the Office agree to reduce the period. The 
            period shall begin on the date the request for counseling is 
            received.
            (c) Notification of end of counseling period
                The Office shall notify the employee in writing when the 
            counseling period has ended. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title IV, 
            Sec. 402, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 32.)
   399.78-3  Sec. 1403. Mediation.
            (a) Initiation
                Not later than 15 days after receipt by the employee of 
            notice of the end of the counseling period under section 
            1402 of this title, but prior to and as a condition of 
            making an election under section 1404 of this title, the 
            covered employee who alleged a violation of a law shall file 
            a request for mediation with the Office.
            (b) Process
                Mediation under this section--
                            (1) may include the Office, the covered 
                        employee, the employing office, and one or more 
                        individuals appointed by the Executive Director 
                        after considering recommendations by 
                        organizations composed primarily of individuals 
                        experienced in adjudicating or arbitrating 
                        personnel matters, and
                            (2) shall involve meetings with the parties 
                        separately or jointly for the purpose of 
                        resolving the dispute between the covered 
                        employee and the employing office.
            (c) Mediation period
                The mediation period shall be 30 days beginning on the 
            date the request for mediation is received. The mediation 
            period may be extended for additional periods at the joint 
            request of the covered employee and the employing office. 
            The Office shall notify in writing the covered employee and 
            the employing office when the mediation period has ended.
            (d) Independence of mediation process
                No individual, who is appointed by the Executive 
            Director to mediate, may conduct or aid in a hearing 
            conducted under section 1405 of this title with respect to 
            the same matter or shall be subject to subpoena or any other 
            compulsory process with respect to the same matter. (Pub. L. 
            104-1, Title IV, Sec. 403, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 32.)
   399.78-4  Sec. 1404. Election of proceeding.
                Not later than 90 days after a covered employee receives 
            notice of the end of the period of mediation, but, no sooner 
            than 30 days after receipt of such notification, such 
            covered employee may either--
                            (1) file a complaint with the Office in 
                        accordance with section 1405 of this title, or
                            (2) file a civil action in accordance with 
                        section 1408 of this title in the United States 
                        district court for the district in which the 
                        employee is employed or for the District of 
                        Columbia. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title IV, Sec. 404, 
                        Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 33.)
   399.78-5  Sec. 1405. Complaint and hearing.
            (a) In general
                A covered employee may, upon the completion of mediation 
            under section 1403 of this title, file a complaint with the 
            Office. The respondent to the complaint shall be the 
            employing office--
                            (1) involved in the violation, or
                            (2) in which the violation is alleged to 
                        have occurred, and about which mediation was 
                        conducted.
            (b) Dismissal
                A hearing officer may dismiss any claim that the hearing 
            officer finds to be frivolous or that fails to state a claim 
            upon which relief may be granted.
            (c) Hearing officer
                (1) Appointment
                            Upon the filing of a complaint, the 
                        Executive Director shall appoint an independent 
                        hearing officer to consider the complaint and 
                        render a decision. No Member of the House of 
                        Representatives, Senator, officer of either the 
                        House of Representatives or the Senate, head of 
                        an employing office, member of the Board, or 
                        covered employee may be appointed to be a 
                        hearing officer. The Executive Director shall 
                        select hearing officers on a rotational or 
                        random basis from the lists developed under 
                        paragraph (2). Nothing in this section shall 
                        prevent the appointment of hearing officers as 
                        full-time employees of the Office or the 
                        selection of hearing officers on the basis of 
                        specialized expertise needed for particular 
                        matters.
                (2) Lists
                            The Executive Director shall develop master 
                        lists, composed of--

                                (A) members of the bar of a State or the 
                            District of Columbia and retired judges of 
                            the United States courts who are experienced 
                            in adjudicating or arbitrating the kinds of 
                            personnel and other matters for which 
                            hearings may be held under this, and

                                (B) individuals expert in technical 
                            matters relating to accessibility and 
                            usability by persons with disabilities or 
                            technical matters relating to occupational 
                            safety and health.

                In developing lists, the Executive Director shall 
            consider candidates recommended by the Federal Mediation and 
            Conciliation Service or the Administrative Conference of the 
            United States.
            (d) Hearing
                Unless a complaint is dismissed before a hearing, a 
            hearing shall be--
                            (1) conducted in closed session on the 
                        record by the hearing officer;
                            (2) commenced no later than 60 days after 
                        filing of the complaint under subsection (a) of 
                        this section, except that the Office may, for 
                        good cause, extend up to an additional 30 days 
                        the time for commencing a hearing; and
                            (3) conducted, except as specifically 
                        provided in this chapter and to the greatest 
                        extent practicable, in accordance with the 
                        principles and procedures set forth in sections 
                        554 through 557 of title 5.
            (e) Discovery
                Reasonable prehearing discovery may be permitted at the 
            discretion of the hearing officer.
            (f) Subpoenas
                (1) In general
                            At the request of a party, a hearing officer 
                        may issue subpoenas for the attendance of 
                        witnesses and for the production of 
                        correspondence, books, papers, documents, and 
                        other records. The attendance of witnesses and 
                        the production of records may be required from 
                        any place within the United States. Subpoenas 
                        shall be served in the manner provided under 
                        rule 45(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil 
                        Procedure.
                (2) Objections
                            If a person refuses, on the basis of 
                        relevance, privilege, or other objection, to 
                        testify in response to a question or to produce 
                        records in connection with a proceeding before a 
                        hearing officer, the hearing officer shall rule 
                        on the objection. At the request of the witness 
                        or any party, the hearing officer shall (or on 
                        the hearing officer's own initiative, the 
                        hearing officer may) refer the ruling to the 
                        Board for review.
                (3) Enforcement
                            (A) In general

                                If a person fails to comply with a 
                            subpoena, the Board may authorize the 
                            General Counsel to apply, in the name of the 
                            Office, to an appropriate United States 
                            district court for an order requiring that 
                            person to appear before the hearing officer 
                            to give testimony or produce records. The 
                            application may be made within the judicial 
                            district where the hearing is conducted or 
                            where that person is found, resides, or 
                            transacts business. Any failure to obey a 
                            lawful order of the district court issued 
                            pursuant to this section may be held by such 
                            court to be a civil contempt thereof.

                            (B) Service of process

                                Process in an action or contempt 
                            proceeding pursuant to subparagraph (A) may 
                            be served in any judicial district in which 
                            the person refusing or failing to comply, or 
                            threatening to refuse or not to comply, 
                            resides, transacts business, or may be 
                            found, and subpoenas for witnesses who are 
                            required to attend such proceedings may run 
                            into any other district.

            (g) Decision
                The hearing officer shall issue a written decision as 
            expeditiously as possible, but in no case more than 90 days 
            after the conclusion of the hearing. The written decision 
            shall be transmitted by the Office to the parties. The 
            decision shall state the issues raised in the complaint, 
            describe the evidence in the record, contain findings of 
            fact and conclusions of law, contain a determination of 
            whether a violation has occurred, and order such remedies as 
            are appropriate pursuant to subchapter II of this title. The 
            decision shall be entered in the records of the Office. If a 
            decision is not appealed under section 1406 of this title to 
            the Board, the decision shall be considered the final 
            decision of the Office.
            (h) Precedents
                A hearing officer who conducts a hearing under this 
            section shall be guided by judicial decisions under the laws 
            made applicable by section 1302 of this title and by Board 
            decisions under this chapter. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title IV, 
            Sec. 405, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 33.)
   399.78-6  Sec. 1406. Appeal to the Board.
            (a) In general
                Any party aggrieved by the decision of a hearing officer 
            under section 1405(g) of this title may file a petition for 
            review by the Board not later than 30 days after entry of 
            the decision in the records of the Office.
            (b) Parties' opportunity to submit argument
                The parties to the hearing upon which the decision of 
            the hearing officer was made shall have a reasonable 
            opportunity to be heard, through written submission and, in 
            the discretion of the Board, through oral argument.
            (c) Standard of review
                The Board shall set aside a decision of a hearing 
            officer if the Board determines that the decision was--
                            (1) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of 
                        discretion, or otherwise not consistent with 
                        law;
                            (2) not made consistent with required 
                        procedures; or
                            (3) unsupported by substantial evidence.
            (d) Record
                In making determinations under subsection (c) of this 
            section, the Board shall review the whole record, or those 
            parts of it cited by a party, and due account shall be taken 
            of the rule of prejudicial error.
            (e) Decision
                The Board shall issue a written decision setting forth 
            the reasons for its decision. The decision may affirm, 
            reverse, or remand to the hearing officer for further 
            proceedings. A decision that does not require further 
            proceedings before a hearing officer shall be entered in the 
            records of the Office as a final decision. (Pub. L. 104-1, 
            Title IV, Sec. 406, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 35.)
   399.78-7  Sec. 1407. Judicial review of Board decisions and 
                enforcement.
            (a) Jurisdiction
                (1) Judicial review
                            The United States Court of Appeals for the 
                        Federal Circuit shall have jurisdiction over any 
                        proceeding commenced by a petition of--

                                (A) a party aggrieved by a final 
                            decision of the Board under section 1406(e) 
                            of this title in cases arising under part A 
                            of subchapter II of this title,

                                (B) a charging individual or a 
                            respondent before the Board who files a 
                            petition under section 1331(d)(4) of this 
                            title,

                                (C) the General Counsel or a respondent 
                            before the Board who files a petition under 
                            section 1341(c)(5) of this title, or

                                (D) the General Counsel or a respondent 
                            before the Board who files a petition under 
                            section 1351(c)(3) of this title.

                            The court of appeals shall have exclusive 
                        jurisdiction to set aside, suspend (in whole or 
                        in part), to determine the validity of, or 
                        otherwise review the decision of the Board.
                (2) Enforcement
                            The United States Court of Appeals for the 
                        Federal Circuit shall have jurisdiction over any 
                        petition of the General Counsel, filed in the 
                        name of the Office and at the direction of the 
                        Board, to enforce a final decision under section 
                        1405(g) or 1406(e) of this title with respect to 
                        a violation of part A, B, C, or D of subchapter 
                        II of this title.
            (b) Procedures
                (1) Respondents
                            (A) In any proceeding commenced by a 
                        petition filed under subsection (a)(1) (A) or 
                        (B) of this section, or filed by a party other 
                        than the General Counsel under subsection (a)(1) 
                        (C) or (D) of this section, the Office shall be 
                        named respondent and any party before the Board 
                        may be named respondent by filing a notice of 
                        election with the court within 30 days after 
                        service of the petition.
                            (B) In any proceeding commenced by a 
                        petition filed by the General Counsel under 
                        subsection (a)(1) (C) or (D) of this section, 
                        the prevailing party in the final decision 
                        entered under section 1406(e) of this title 
                        shall be named respondent, and any other party 
                        before the Board may be named respondent by 
                        filing a notice of election with the court 
                        within 30 days after service of the petition.
                            (C) In any proceeding commenced by a 
                        petition filed under subsection (a)(2) of this 
                        section, the party under section 1405 or 1406 of 
                        this title that the General Counsel determines 
                        has failed to comply with a final decision under 
                        section 1405(g) or 1406(e) of this title shall 
                        be named respondent.
                (2) Intervention
                            Any party that participated in the 
                        proceedings before the Board under section 1406 
                        of this title and that was not made respondent 
                        under paragraph (1) may intervene as of right.
            (c) Law applicable
                Chapter 158 of title 28, shall apply to judicial review 
            under paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section, 
            except that--
                            (1) with respect to section 2344 of title 
                        28, service of a petition in any proceeding in 
                        which the Office is a respondent shall be on the 
                        General Counsel rather than on the Attorney 
                        General;
                            (2) the provisions of section 2348 of title 
                        28, on the authority of the Attorney General, 
                        shall not apply;
                            (3) the petition for review shall be filed 
                        not later than 90 days after the entry in the 
                        Office of a final decision under section 1406(e) 
                        of this title; and
                            (4) the Office shall be an ``agency'' as 
                        that term is used in chapter 158 of title 28.
            (d) Standard of review
                To the extent necessary for decision in a proceeding 
            commenced under subsection (a)(1) of this section and when 
            presented, the court shall decide all relevant questions of 
            law and interpret constitutional and statutory provisions. 
            The court shall set aside a final decision of the Board if 
            it is determined that the decision, was--
                            (1) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of 
                        discretion, or otherwise not consistent with 
                        law;
                            (2) not made consistent with required 
                        procedures; or
                            (3) unsupported by substantial evidence.
            (e) Record
                In making determinations under subsection (d) of this 
            section, the court shall review the whole record, or those 
            parts of it cited by a party, and due account shall be taken 
            of the rule of prejudicial error. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title IV, 
            Sec. 407, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 35.)
   399.78-8  Sec. 1408. Civil action.
            (a) Jurisdiction
                The district courts of the United States shall have 
            jurisdiction over any civil action commenced under section 
            1404 of this title and this section by a covered employee 
            who has completed counseling under section 1402 of this 
            title and mediation under section 1403 of this title. A 
            civil action may be commenced by a covered employee only to 
            seek redress for a violation for which the employee has 
            completed counseling and mediation.
            (b) Parties
                The defendant shall be the employing office alleged to 
            have committed the violation, or in which the violation is 
            alleged to have occurred.
            (c) Jury trial
                Any party may demand a jury trial where a jury trial 
            would be available in an action against a private defendant 
            under the relevant law made applicable by this chapter. In 
            any case in which a violation of section 1311 of this title 
            is alleged, the court shall not inform the jury of the 
            maximum amount of compensatory damages available under 
            section 1311(b)(1) or 1311(b)(3) of this title. (Pub. L. 
            104-1, Title IV, Sec. 408, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 37.)
   399.78-9  Sec. 1409. Judicial review of regulations.
                In any proceeding brought under section 1407 or 1408 of 
            this title in which the application of a regulation issued 
            under this chapter is at issue, the court may review the 
            validity of the regulation in accordance with the provisions 
            of subparagraphs (A) through (D) of section 706(2) of title 
            5, except that with respect to regulations approved by a 
            joint resolution under section 1384(c) of this title, only 
            the provisions of section 706(2)(B) of title 5, shall apply. 
            If the court determines that the regulation is invalid, the 
            court shall apply, to the extent necessary and appropriate, 
            the most relevant substantive executive agency regulation 
            promulgated to implement the statutory provisions with 
            respect to which the invalid regulation was issued. Except 
            as provided in this section, the validity of regulations 
            issued under this chapter is not subject to judicial review. 
            (Pub. L. 104-1, Title IV, Sec. 409, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 
            37.)
  399.78-10  Sec. 1410. Other judicial review prohibited.
                Except as expressly authorized by sections 1407, 1408, 
            and 1409 of this title, the compliance or noncompliance with 
            the provisions of this chapter and any action taken pursuant 
            to this chapter shall not be subject to judicial review. 
            (Pub. L. 104-1, Title IV, Sec. 410, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 
            37.)
  399.78-11  Sec. 1411. Effect of failure to issue regulations.
                In any proceeding under section 1405, 1406, 1407, or 
            1408 of this title, except a proceeding to enforce section 
            1351 of this title with respect to offices listed under 
            section 1351(e)(2) of this title, if the Board has not 
            issued a regulation on a matter for which this chapter 
            requires a regulation to be issued, the hearing officer, 
            Board, or court, as the case may be, shall apply, to the 
            extent necessary and appropriate, the most relevant 
            substantive executive agency regulation promulgated to 
            implement the statutory provision at issue in the 
            proceeding. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title IV, Sec. 411, Jan. 23, 
            1995, 109 Stat. 37.)
  399.78-12  Sec. 1412. Expedited review of certain appeals.
            (a) In general
                An appeal may be taken directly to the Supreme Court of 
            the United States from any interlocutory or final judgment, 
            decree, or order of a court upon the constitutionality of 
            any provision of this chapter.
            (b) Jurisdiction
                The Supreme Court shall, if it has not previously ruled 
            on the question, accept jurisdiction over the appeal 
            referred to in subsection (a) of this section, advance the 
            appeal on the docket, and expedite the appeal to the 
            greatest extent possible. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title IV, 
            Sec. 412, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 37.)
  399.78-13  Sec. 1413. Privileges and immunities.
                The authorization to bring judicial proceedings under 
            sections 1405(f)(3), 1407, and 1408 of this title shall not 
            constitute a waiver of sovereign immunity for any other 
            purpose, or of the privileges of any Senator or Member of 
            the House of Representatives under article I, section 6, 
            clause 1, of the Constitution, or a waiver of any power of 
            either the Senate or the House of Representatives under the 
            Constitution, including under article I, section 5, clause 
            3, or under the rules of either House relating to records 
            and information within its jurisdiction. (Pub. L. 104-1, 
            Title IV, Sec. 413, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 38.)
  399.78-14  Sec. 1414. Settlement of complaints.
                Any settlement entered into by the parties to a process 
            described in section 1331, 1341, 1351, or 1401 of this title 
            shall be in writing and not become effective unless it is 
            approved by the Executive Director. Nothing in this chapter 
            shall affect the power of the Senate and the House of 
            Representatives, respectively, to establish rules governing 
            the process by which a settlement may be entered into by 
            such House or by any employing office of such House. (Pub. 
            L. 104-1, Title IV, Sec. 414, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 38.)
  399.78-15  Sec. 1415. Payments.
            (a) Awards and settlements
                Except as provided in subsection (c), only funds which 
            are appropriated to an account of the Office in the Treasury 
            of the United States for the payment of awards and 
            settlements may be used for the payment of awards and 
            settlements under this Act. There are authorized to be 
            appropriated for such account such sums as may be necessary 
            to pay such awards and settlements. Funds in the account are 
            not available for awards and settlements involving the 
            General Accounting Office, the Government Printing Office, 
            or the Library of Congress.
            (b) Compliance
                Except as provided in subsection (c), there are 
            authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary 
            for administrative, personnel, and similar expenses of 
            employing offices which are needed to comply with this 
            chapter.
            (c) OSHA, accommodation, and access requirements
                Funds to correct violations of section 1311(a)(3), 1331, 
            or 1341 of this title may be paid only from funds 
            appropriated to the employing office or entity responsible 
            for correcting such violations. There are authorized to be 
            appropriated such sums as may be necessary for such funds. 
            (Pub. L. 104-1, Title IV, Sec. 415, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 
            38.)
  399.78-16  Sec. 1416. Confidentiality.
            (a) Counseling
                All counseling shall be strictly confidential, except 
            that the Office and a covered employee may agree to notify 
            the employing office of the allegations.
            (b) Mediation
                All mediation shall be strictly confidential.
            (c) Hearings and deliberations
                Except as provided in subsections (d), (e), and (f) of 
            this title, all proceedings and deliberations of hearing 
            officers and the Board, including any related records, shall 
            be confidential. This subsection shall not apply to 
            proceedings under section 1341 of this title, but shall 
            apply to the deliberations of hearing officers and the Board 
            under that section.
            (d) Release of records for judicial action
                The records of hearing officers and the Board may be 
            made public if required for the purpose of judicial review 
            under section 1407 of this title.
            (e) Access by committees of Congress
                At the discretion of the Executive Director, the 
            Executive Director may provide to the Committee on Standards 
            of Official Conduct of the House of Representatives and the 
            Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate access to the 
            records of the hearings and decisions of the hearing 
            officers and the Board, including all written and oral 
            testimony in the possession of the Office. The Executive 
            Director shall not provide such access until the Executive 
            Director has consulted with the individual filing the 
            complaint at issue, and until a final decision has been 
            entered under section 1405(g) or 1406(e) of this title.
            (f) Final decisions
                A final decision entered under section 1405(g) or 
            1406(e) of this title shall be made public if it is in favor 
            of the complaining covered employee, or in favor of the 
            charging party under section 1331 of this title, or if the 
            decision reverses a decision of a hearing officer which had 
            been in favor of the covered employee or charging party. The 
            Board may make public any other decision at its discretion. 
            (Pub. L. 104-1, Title IV, Sec. 416, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 
            38.)
     399.79  
                       Subchapter V.--Miscellaneous Provisions

   399.79-1  Sec. 1431. Exercise of rulemaking powers.
                The provisions of sections 1302(b)(3) and 1384(c) of 
            this title are enacted--
                            (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power 
                        of the House of Representatives and the Senate, 
                        respectively, and as such they shall be 
                        considered as part of the rules of such House, 
                        respectively, and such rules shall supersede 
                        other rules only to the extent that they are 
                        inconsistent therewith; and
                            (2) with full recognition of the 
                        constitutional right of either House to change 
                        such rules (so far as relating to such House) at 
                        any time, in the same manner, and to the same 
                        extent as in the case of any other rule of each 
                        House. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title V, Sec. 501, Jan. 
                        23, 1995, 109 Stat. 39.)
   399.79-2  Sec. 1432. Political affiliation and place of residence.
            (a) In general
                It shall not be a violation of any provision of section 
            1311 of this title to consider the--
                            (1) party affiliation;
                            (2) domicile; or
                            (3) political compatibility with the 
                        employing office;

            of an employee referred to in subsection (b) of this section 
            with respect to employment decisions.

            (b) Definition
                For purposes of subsection (a) of this title, the term 
            ``employee'' means--
                            (1) an employee on the staff of the 
                        leadership of the House of Representatives or 
                        the leadership of the Senate;
                            (2) an employee on the staff of a committee 
                        or subcommittee of--

                                (A) the House of Representatives;

                                (B) the Senate; or

                                (C) a joint committee of the Congress;

                            (3) an employee on the staff of a Member of 
                        the House of Representatives or on the staff of 
                        a Senator;
                            (4) an officer of the House of 
                        Representatives or the Senate or a congressional 
                        employee who is elected by the House of 
                        Representatives or Senate or is appointed by a 
                        Member of the House of Representatives or by a 
                        Senator (in addition an employee described in 
                        paragraph (1), (2), or (3)); or
                            (5) an applicant for a position that is to 
                        be occupied by an individual described in any of 
                        paragraphs (1) through (4). (Pub. L. 104-1, 
                        Title V, Sec. 502, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 39.)
   399.79-3  Sec. 1433. Nondiscrimination rules of the House and Senate.
                The Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate and the 
            Committee on Standards of Official Conduct of the House of 
            Representatives retain full power, in accordance with the 
            authority provided to them by the Senate and the House, with 
            respect to the discipline of Members, officers, and 
            employees for violating rules of the Senate and the House on 
            nondiscrimination in employment. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title V, 
            Sec. 503, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 40.)
   399.79-4  Sec. 1434. Judicial branch coverage study.
                The Judicial Conference of the United States shall 
            prepare a report for submission by the Chief Justice of the 
            United States to the Congress on the application to the 
            judicial branch of the Federal Government of--
                            (1) the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 
                        U.S.C. 201 et seq.);
                            (2) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 
                        1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.);
                            (3) the Americans with Disabilities Act of 
                        1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.);
                            (4) the Age Discrimination in Employment Act 
                        of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 621 et seq.);
                            (5) the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 
                        (29 U.S.C. 2611 et seq.);
                            (6) the Occupational Safety and Health Act 
                        of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.);
                            (7) chapter 71 (relating to Federal service 
                        labor-management relations) of title 5;
                            (8) the Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 
                        1988 (29 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.);
                            (9) the Worker Adjustment and Retraining 
                        Notification Act (29 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.);
                            (10) the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 
                        U.S.C. 701 et seq.); and
                            (11) chapter 43 (relating to veterans' 
                        employment and reemployment) of title 38.
                The report shall be submitted to Congress not later than 
            December 31, 1996, and shall include any recommendations the 
            Judicial Conference may have for legislation to provide to 
            employees of the judicial branch the rights, protections, 
            and procedures under the listed laws, including 
            administrative and judicial relief, that are comparable to 
            those available to employees of the legislative branch under 
            subchapter I through IV of this chapter. (Pub. L. 104-1, 
            Title V, Sec. 505, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 41.)
   399.79-5  Sec. 1435. Savings provisions.
            (a) Transition provisions for employees of the House of 
                Representatives and of the Senate
                (1) Claims arising before effective date
                            If, as of the date on which section 1311 of 
                        this title takes effect, an employee of the 
                        Senate or the House of Representatives has or 
                        could have requested counseling under section 
                        305 of the Government Employees Rights Act of 
                        1991 (2 U.S.C. 1205) or Rule LI of the House of 
                        Representatives, including counseling for 
                        alleged violations of family and medical leave 
                        rights under subchapter V of chapter 28 of title 
                        29, the employee may complete, or initiate and 
                        complete, all procedures under chapter 23 of 
                        this title and Rule LI, and the provisions of 
                        that chapter and Rule shall remain in effect 
                        with respect to, and provide the exclusive 
                        procedures for, those claims until the 
                        completion of all such procedures.
                (2) Claims arising between effective date and opening of 
            office
                            If a claim by an employee of the Senate or 
                        House of Representatives arises under section 
                        1311 or 1312 of this title after January 23, 
                        1995, but before the opening of the Office for 
                        receipt of requests for counseling or mediation 
                        under sections 1402 and 1403 of this title, the 
                        provisions of chapter 23 of this title and Rule 
                        LI of the House of Representatives relating to 
                        counseling and mediation shall remain in effect, 
                        and the employee may complete under that Act or 
                        Rule the requirements for counseling and 
                        mediation under sections 1402 and 1403 of this 
                        title. If, after counseling and mediation is 
                        completed, the Office has not yet opened for the 
                        filing of a timely complaint under section 1405 
                        of this title, the employee may elect--

                                (A) to file a complaint under section 
                            307 of the Government Employees Rights Act 
                            of 1991 (2 U.S.C. 1207) or Rule LI of the 
                            House of Representatives, and thereafter 
                            proceed exclusively under that Act or Rule, 
                            the provisions of which shall remain in 
                            effect until the completion of all 
                            proceedings in relation to the complaint, or

                                (B) to commence a civil action under 
                            section 1408 of this title.

                (3) Section 1207a of this title
                            With respect to payments of awards and 
                        settlements relating to Senate employees under 
                        paragraph (1) of this subsection, section 1207a 
                        of this title remains in effect.
            (b) Transition provisions for employees of the Architect of 
                the Capitol
                (1) Claims arising before effective date
                            If, as of January 23, 1995, an employee of 
                        the Architect of the Capitol has or could have 
                        filed a charge or complaint regarding an alleged 
                        violation of section 166b-7(e)(2) of title 40, 
                        the employee may complete, or initiate and 
                        complete, all procedures under section 166b-7(e) 
                        title 40, the provisions of which shall remain 
                        in effect with respect to, and provide the 
                        exclusive procedures for, that claim until the 
                        completion of all such procedures.
                (2) Claims arising between effective date and opening of 
            office
                            If a claim by an employee of the Architect 
                        of the Capitol arises under section 1311 or 1312 
                        of this title after January 23, 1995, but before 
                        the opening of the Office for receipt of 
                        requests for counseling or mediation under 
                        sections 1402 and 1403 of this title, the 
                        employee may satisfy the requirements for 
                        counseling and mediation by exhausting the 
                        requirements prescribed by the Architect of the 
                        Capitol in accordance with section 166b-7(e)(3) 
                        of title 40. If, after exhaustion of those 
                        requirements the Office has not yet opened for 
                        the filing of a timely complaint under section 
                        1405 of this title, the employee may elect--

                                (A) to file a charge with the General 
                            Accounting Office Personnel Appeals Board 
                            pursuant to section 166b-7(e)(3) of title 
                            40, and thereafter proceed exclusively under 
                            section 166b-7(e) of title 40, the 
                            provisions of which shall remain in effect 
                            until the completion of all proceedings in 
                            relation to the charge, or

                                (B) to commence a civil action under 
                            section 1408 of this title.

                (c) Transition provision relating to matters other than 
            employment under section 12209 of title 42
                            With respect to matters other than 
                        employment under section 12209 of title 42, the 
                        rights, protections, remedies, and procedures of 
                        section 12209 of title 42 shall remain in effect 
                        until section 1331 of this title takes effect 
                        with respect to each of the entities covered by 
                        section 12209 of this title. (Pub. L. 104-1, 
                        Title V, Sec. 506, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 42.)

  

   399.79-6  Sec. 1436. Repealed. Pub.L. 106-57, title III, Sec. 313, 
                Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 428.

  

   399.79-7  Sec. 1437. Sense of Senate regarding adoption of simplified 
                and streamlined acquisition procedures for Senate 
                acquisitions.
                It is the sense of the Senate that the Committee on 
            Rules and Administration of the Senate should review the 
            rules applicable to purchases by Senate offices to determine 
            whether they are consistent with the acquisition 
            simplification and streamlining laws enacted in chapter 4 of 
            title 41. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title V, Sec. 508, Jan. 23, 1995, 
            109 Stat. 44.)
   399.79-8  Sec. 1438. Severability.
                If any provision of this chapter or the application of 
            such provision to any person or circumstance is held to be 
            invalid, the remainder of this chapter and the application 
            of the provisions of the remainder to any person or 
            circumstance shall not be affected thereby. (Pub. L. 104-1, 
            Title V, Sec. 509, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 44.)
     399.80  
                        Chapter 25.--UNFUNDED MANDATES REFORM

   399.80-1  Sec. 1501. Purposes.
                The purposes of this chapter are--
                            (1) to strengthen the partnership between 
                        the Federal Government and State, local, and 
                        tribal governments;
                            (2) to end the imposition, in the absence of 
                        full consideration by Congress, of Federal 
                        mandates on State, local, and tribal governments 
                        without adequate Federal funding, in a manner 
                        that may displace other essential State, local, 
                        and tribal governmental priorities;
                            (3) to assist Congress in its consideration 
                        of proposed legislation establishing or revising 
                        Federal programs containing Federal mandates 
                        affecting State, local, and tribal governments, 
                        and the private sector by--

                                (A) providing for the development of 
                            information about the nature and size of 
                            mandates in proposed legislation; and

                                (B) establishing a mechanism to bring 
                            such information to the attention of the 
                            Senate and the House of Representatives 
                            before the Senate and the House of 
                            Representatives vote on proposed 
                            legislation;

                            (4) to promote informed and deliberate 
                        decisions by Congress on the appropriateness of 
                        Federal mandates in any particular instance;
                            (5) to require that Congress consider 
                        whether to provide funding to assist State, 
                        local, and tribal governments in complying with 
                        Federal mandates, to require analyses of the 
                        impact of private sector mandates, and through 
                        the dissemination of that information provide 
                        informed and deliberate decisions by Congress 
                        and Federal agencies and retain competitive 
                        balance between the public and private sectors;
                            (6) to establish a point-of-order vote on 
                        the consideration in the Senate and House of 
                        Representatives of legislation containing 
                        significant Federal intergovernmental mandates 
                        without providing adequate funding to comply 
                        with such mandates;
                            (7) to assist Federal agencies in their 
                        consideration of proposed regulations affecting 
                        State, local, and tribal governments, by--

                                (A) requiring that Federal agencies 
                            develop a process to enable the elected and 
                            other officials of State, local, and tribal 
                            governments to provide input when Federal 
                            agencies are developing regulations; and

                                (B) requiring that Federal agencies 
                            prepare and consider estimates of the 
                            budgetary impact of regulations containing 
                            Federal mandates upon State, local, and 
                            tribal governments and the private sector 
                            before adopting such regulations, and 
                            ensuring that small governments are given 
                            special consideration in that process; and

                            (8) to begin consideration of the effect of 
                        previously imposed Federal mandates, including 
                        the impact on State, local, and tribal 
                        governments of Federal court interpretations of 
                        Federal statutes and regulations that impose 
                        Federal intergovernmental mandates. (Pub. L. 
                        104-4, Sec. 2, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 48.)
   399.80-2  Sec. 1502. Definitions.
                For purposes of this chapter--
                            (1) except as provided in section 1555 of 
                        this title, the terms defined under section 658 
                        of this title shall have the meanings as so 
                        defined; and
                            (2) the term ``Director'' means the Director 
                        of the Congressional Budget Office. (Pub. L. 
                        104-4, Sec. 3, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 49.)
   399.80-3  Sec. 1503. Exclusions.
                This chapter shall not apply to any provision in a bill, 
            joint resolution, amendment, motion, or conference report 
            before Congress and any provision in a proposed or final 
            Federal regulation that--
                            (1) enforces constitutional rights of 
                        individuals;
                            (2) establishes or enforces any statutory 
                        rights that prohibit discrimination on the basis 
                        of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, 
                        age, handicap, or disability;
                            (3) requires compliance with accounting and 
                        auditing procedures with respect to grants or 
                        other money or property provided by the Federal 
                        Government;
                            (4) provide for emergency assistance or 
                        relief at the request of any State, local, or 
                        tribal government or any official of a State, 
                        local, or tribal government;
                            (5) is necessary for the national security 
                        or the ratification or implementation of 
                        international treaty obligations;
                            (6) the President designates as emergency 
                        legislation and that the Congress so designates 
                        in statute; or
                            (7) relates to the old-age, survivors, and 
                        disability insurance program under subchapter II 
                        of chapter 7 of title 42 (including taxes 
                        imposed by sections 3101(a) and 3111(a) of title 
                        26 (relating to old-age, survivors, and 
                        disability insurance)). (Pub. L. 104-4, Sec. 4, 
                        Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 49.)
   399.80-4  Sec. 1504. Agency assistance.
                Each agency shall provide to the Director such 
            information and assistance as the Director may reasonably 
            request to assist the Director in carrying out this chapter. 
            (Pub. L. 104-4, Sec. 5, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 50.)
     399.81  
                Subchapter I.--Legislative Accountability and Reform

   399.81-1  Sec. 1511. Cost of regulations.
            (a) Sense of the Congress
                It is the sense of the Congress that Federal agencies 
            should review and evaluate planned regulations to ensure 
            that the cost estimates provided by the Congressional Budget 
            Office will be carefully considered as regulations are 
            promulgated.
            (b) Statement of cost
                At the request of a committee chairman or ranking 
            minority member, the Director shall, to the extent 
            practicable, prepare a comparison between--
                            (1) an estimate by the relevant agency, 
                        prepared under section 1532 of this title, of 
                        the costs of regulations implementing an Act 
                        containing a Federal mandate; and
                            (2) the cost estimate prepared by the 
                        Congressional Budget Office for such Act when it 
                        was enacted by the Congress.
            (c) Cooperation of Office of Management and Budget
                At the request of the Director of the Congressional 
            Budget Office, the Director of the Office of Management and 
            Budget shall provide data and cost estimates for regulations 
            implementing an Act containing a Federal mandate covered by 
            part B of title IV of the Congressional Budget and 
            Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658 et seq.). 
            (Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, Sec. 103, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 
            62.)
                                   Effective Date
                Section 110 of Pub. L. 104-4 provided that: ``This title 
            [enacting this subchapter and part B of subchapter II of 
            chapter 17a of this title, and amending sections 602, 632, 
            653 of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1996 or 
            on the date 90 days after appropriations are made available 
            as authorized under section 109, whichever is earlier and 
            shall apply to legislation considered on and after such 
            date.''
   399.81-2  Sec. 1512. Consideration for Federal funding.
                Nothing in this chapter shall preclude a State, local, 
            or tribal government that already complies with all or part 
            of the Federal intergovernmental mandates included in the 
            bill, joint resolution, amendment, motion, or conference 
            report from consideration for Federal funding under section 
            658d(a)(2) of this title for the cost of the mandate, 
            including the costs the State, local, or tribal government 
            is currently paying and any additional costs necessary to 
            meet the mandate. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, Sec. 105, Mar. 
            22, 1995, 109 Stat. 62.)
   399.81-3  Sec. 1513. Impact on local governments.
            (a) Findings
                The Senate finds that--
                            (1) the Congress should be concerned about 
                        shifting costs from Federal to State and local 
                        authorities and should be equally concerned 
                        about the growing tendency of States to shift 
                        costs to local governments;
                            (2) cost shifting from States to local 
                        governments has, in many instances, forced local 
                        governments to raise property taxes or curtail 
                        sometimes essential services; and
                            (3) increases in local property taxes and 
                        cuts in essential services threaten the ability 
                        of many citizens to attain and maintain the 
                        American dream of owning a home in a safe, 
                        secure community.
            (b) Sense of the Senate
                It is the sense of the Senate that--
                            (1) the Federal Government should not shift 
                        certain costs to the State, and States should 
                        end the practice of shifting costs to local 
                        governments, which forces many local governments 
                        to increase property taxes;
                            (2) States should end the imposition, in the 
                        absence of full consideration by their 
                        legislatures, of State issued mandates on local 
                        governments without adequate State funding, in a 
                        manner that may displace other essential 
                        government priorities; and
                            (3) one primary objective of this chapter 
                        and other efforts to change the relationship 
                        among Federal, State, and local governments 
                        should be to reduce taxes and spending at all 
                        levels and to end the practice of shifting costs 
                        from one level of government to another with 
                        little or no benefit to taxpayers. (Pub. L. 104-
                        4, Title I, Sec. 106, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 
                        63.)
   399.81-4  Sec. 1514. Enforcement in the House of Representatives.
            (a) Omitted.
            (b) Committee on Rules Reports on Waived Points of Order
                The Committee on Rules shall include in the report 
            required by clause 1(d) of rule XI (relating to its 
            activities during the Congress) of the Rules of the House of 
            Representatives a separate item identifying all waivers of 
            points of order relating to Federal mandates, listed by bill 
            or joint resolution number and the subject matter of that 
            measure. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, Sec. 107, Mar. 22, 1995, 
            109 Stat. 63.)
   399.81-5  Sec. 1515. Exercise of rulemaking powers.
                The provisions of sections 658 to 658g and 1514 of this 
            title are enacted by Congress--
                            (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power 
                        of the Senate and the House of Representatives, 
                        respectively, and as such they shall be 
                        considered as part of the rules of such House, 
                        respectively, and such rules shall supersede 
                        other rules only to the extent that they are 
                        inconsistent therewith; and
                            (2) with full recognition of the 
                        constitutional right of either House to change 
                        such rules (so far as relating to such House) at 
                        any time, in the same manner, and to the same 
                        extent as in the case of any other rule of each 
                        House. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, Sec. 108, Mar. 
                        22, 1995, 109 Stat. 63.)
   399.81-6  Sec. 1516. Authorization of appropriations.
                There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
            Congressional Budget Office $4,500,000 for each of the 
            fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 to 
            carry out the provisions of this subchapter. (Pub. L. 104-4, 
            Title I, Sec. 109, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 64.)
     399.83  
                Subchapter II.--Regulatory Accountability and Reform

   399.83-1  Sec. 1531. Regulatory process.
                Each agency shall, unless otherwise prohibited by law, 
            assess the effects of Federal regulatory actions on State, 
            local, and tribal governments, and the private sector (other 
            than to the extent that such regulations incorporate 
            requirements specifically set forth in law). (Pub. L. 104-4, 
            Title II, Sec. 201, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 64.)
   399.83-2  Sec. 1532. Statements to accompany significant regulatory 
                actions.
            (a) In general
                Unless otherwise prohibited by law, before promulgating 
            any general notice of proposed rulemaking that is likely to 
            result in promulgation of any rule that includes any Federal 
            mandate that may result in the expenditure by State, local, 
            and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private 
            sector, of $100,000,000 or more (adjusted annually for 
            inflation) in any 1 year, and before promulgating any final 
            rule for which a general notice of proposed rulemaking was 
            published, the agency shall prepare a written statement 
            containing--
                            (1) an identification of the provision of 
                        Federal law under which the rule is being 
                        promulgated;
                            (2) a qualitative and quantitative 
                        assessment of the anticipated costs and benefits 
                        of the Federal mandate, including the costs and 
                        benefits to State, local, and tribal governments 
                        or the private sector, as well as the effect of 
                        the Federal mandate of health, safety, and the 
                        natural environment and such an assessment shall 
                        include--

                                (A) an analysis of the extent to which 
                            such costs to State, local, and tribal 
                            governments may be paid with Federal 
                            financial assistance (or otherwise paid for 
                            by the Federal Government); and

                                (B) the extent to which there are 
                            available Federal resources to carry out the 
                            intergovernmental mandate;

                            (3) estimates by the agency, if and to the 
                        extent that the agency determines that accurate 
                        estimates are reasonably feasible, of--

                                (A) the future compliance costs of the 
                            Federal mandate; and

                                (B) any disproportionate budgetary 
                            effects of the Federal mandate upon any 
                            particular regions of the nation or 
                            particular State, local, or tribal 
                            governments, urban or rural or other types 
                            of communities, or particular segments of 
                            the private sector;

                            (4) estimates by the agency of the effect on 
                        the national economy, such as the effect on 
                        productivity, economic growth, full employment, 
                        creation of productive jobs, and international 
                        competitiveness of United States goods and 
                        services, if and to the extent that the agency 
                        in its sole discretion determines that accurate 
                        estimates are reasonably feasible and that such 
                        effect is relevant and material; and
                            (5)(A) a description of the extent of the 
                        agency's prior consultation with elected 
                        representatives (under section 1534 of this 
                        title) of the affected State, local, and tribal 
                        governments;
                            (B) a summary of the comments and concerns 
                        that were presented by State, local, or tribal 
                        governments either orally or in writing to the 
                        agency; and
                            (C) a summary of the agency's evaluation of 
                        those comments and concerns.
            (b) Promulgation
                In promulgating a general notice of proposed rulemaking 
            or a final rule for which a statement under subsection (a) 
            of this section is required, the agency shall include in the 
            promulgation a summary of the information contained in the 
            statement.
            (c) Preparation in conjunction with other statement
                Any agency may prepare any statement required under 
            subsection (a) of this section in conjunction with or as 
            part of any other statement or analysis, provided that the 
            statement or analysis satisfies the provisions of subsection 
            (a) of this section. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title II, Sec. 202, 
            Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 64.)
   399.83-3  Sec. 1533. Small government agency plan.
            (a) Effects on small governments
                Before establishing any regulatory requirements that 
            might significantly or uniquely affect small governments, 
            agencies shall have developed a plan under which the agency 
            shall--
                            (1) provide notice of the requirements to 
                        potentially affected small governments, if any;
                            (2) enable officials of affected small 
                        governments to provide meaningful and timely 
                        input in the development of regulatory proposals 
                        containing significant Federal intergovernmental 
                        mandates; and
                            (3) inform, educate, and advise small 
                        governments on compliance with the requirements.
            (b) Authorization of appropriations
                There are authorized to be appropriated to each agency, 
            to carry out the provisions of this section and for no other 
            purpose, such sums as are necessary. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title 
            II, Sec. 203, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 65.)
   399.83-4  Sec. 1534. State, local, and tribal government input.
            (a) In general
                Each agency shall, to the extent permitted in law, 
            develop an effective process to permit elected officers of 
            State, local, and tribal governments (or their designated 
            employees with authority to act on their behalf) to provide 
            meaningful and timely input in the development of regulatory 
            proposals containing significant Federal intergovernmental 
            mandates.
            (b) Meetings between State, local, tribal and Federal 
                officers
                The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall 
            not apply to actions in support of intergovernmental 
            communications where--
                            (1) meetings are held exclusively between 
                        Federal officials and elected officers of State, 
                        local, and tribal governments (or their 
                        designated employees with authority to act on 
                        their behalf) acting in their official 
                        capacities; and
                            (2) such meetings are solely for the 
                        purposes of exchanging views, information, or 
                        advice relating to the management or 
                        implementation of Federal programs established 
                        pursuant to public law that explicitly or 
                        inherently share intergovernmental 
                        responsibilities or administration.
            (c) Implementing guidelines
                No later than 6 months after March 22, 1995, the 
            President shall issue guidelines and instructions to Federal 
            agencies for appropriate implementation of subsections (a) 
            and (b) of this section consistent with applicable laws and 
            regulations. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title II, Sec. 204, Mar. 22, 
            1995, 109 Stat. 65.)
   399.83-5  Sec. 1535. Least burdensome option or explanation required.
            (a) In general
                Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, 
            before promulgating any rule for which a written statement 
            is required under section 1532 of this title, the agency 
            shall identify and consider a reasonable number of 
            regulatory alternatives and from those alternatives select 
            the least costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome 
            alternative that achieves the objectives of the rule, for--
                            (1) State, local, and tribal governments, in 
                        the case of a rule containing a Federal 
                        intergovernmental mandate; and
                            (2) the private sector, in the case of a 
                        rule containing a Federal private sector 
                        mandate.
            (b) Exception
                The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall 
            apply unless--
                            (1) the head of the affected agency 
                        publishes with the final rule an explanation of 
                        why the least costly, most cost-effective or 
                        least burdensome method of achieving the 
                        objectives of the rule was not adopted; or
                            (2) the provisions are inconsistent with 
                        law.
            (c) OMB certification
                No later than 1 year after March 22, 1995, the Director 
            of the Office of Management and Budget shall certify to 
            Congress, with a written explanation, agency compliance with 
            this section and include in that certification agencies and 
            rulemakings that fail to adequately comply with this 
            section. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title II, Sec. 205, Mar. 22, 1995, 
            109 Stat. 66.)
   399.83-6  Sec. 1536. Assistance to the Congressional Budget Office.
                The Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
            shall--
                            (1) collect from agencies the statements 
                        prepared under section 1532 of this title; and
                            (2) periodically forward copies of such 
                        statements to the Director of the Congressional 
                        Budget Office on a reasonably timely basis after 
                        promulgation of the general notice of proposed 
                        rulemaking or of the final rule for which the 
                        statement was prepared. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title 
                        II, Sec. 206, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 66.)
   399.83-7  Sec. 1537. Pilot program on small government flexibility.
            (a) In general
                The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in 
            consultation with Federal agencies, shall establish pilot 
            programs in at least two agencies to test innovative, and 
            more flexible regulatory approaches that--
                            (1) reduce reporting and compliance burdens 
                        on small governments; and
                            (2) meet overall statutory goals and 
                        objectives.
            (b) Program focus
                The pilot programs shall focus on rules in effect or 
            proposed rules, or a combination thereof. (Pub. L. 104-4, 
            Title II, Sec. 207, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 67.)
   399.83-8  Sec. 1538. Annual statements to Congress on agency 
                compliance.
                No later than 1 year after March 22, 1995 and annually 
            thereafter, the Director of the Office of Management and 
            Budget shall submit to the Congress, including the Committee 
            on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on 
            Government Reform and Oversight of the House of 
            Representatives, a written report detailing compliance by 
            each agency during the preceding reporting period with the 
            requirements of this subchapter. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title II, 
            Sec. 208, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 67.)
     399.85  
                     Subchapter III.--Review of Federal Mandates

   399.85-1  Sec. 1551. Baseline study of costs and benefits.
            (a) In general
                No later than 18 months after March 22, 1995, the 
            Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations 
            (hereafter in this title referred to as the ``Advisory 
            Commission''), in consultation with the Director, shall 
            complete a study to examine the measurement and definition 
            issues involved in calculating the total costs and benefits 
            to State, local, and tribal governments of compliance with 
            Federal law.
            (b) Considerations
                The study required by this sections shall consider--
                            (1) the feasibility of measuring indirect 
                        costs and benefits as well as direct costs and 
                        benefits of the Federal, State, local, and 
                        tribal relationship; and
                            (2) how to measure both the direct and 
                        indirect benefits of Federal financial 
                        assistance and tax benefits to State, local, and 
                        tribal governments. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title III, 
                        Sec. 301, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 67.)
   399.85-2  Sec. 1552. Report on Federal mandates by Advisory Commission 
                on Intergovernmental Relations.
            (a) In general
                The Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations 
            shall in accordance with this section--
                            (1) investigate and review the role of 
                        Federal mandates in intergovernmental relations 
                        and their impact on State, local, tribal, and 
                        Federal government objectives and 
                        responsibilities, and their impact on the 
                        competitive balance between State, local, and 
                        tribal governments, and the private sector and 
                        consider views of and the impact on working men 
                        and women on those same matters;
                            (2) investigate and review the role of 
                        unfunded State mandates imposed on local 
                        governments;
                            (3) make recommendations to the President 
                        and the Congress regarding--

                                (A) allowing flexibility for State, 
                            local, and tribal governments in complying 
                            with specific Federal mandates for which 
                            terms of compliance are unnecessarily rigid 
                            or complex;

                                (B) reconciling any two or more Federal 
                            mandates which impose contradictory or 
                            inconsistent requirements;

                                (C) terminating Federal mandates which 
                            are duplicative, obsolete, or lacking in 
                            practical utility;

                                (D) suspending, on a temporary basis, 
                            Federal mandates which are not vital to 
                            public health and safety and which compound 
                            the fiscal difficulties of State, local, and 
                            tribal governments, including 
                            recommendations for triggering such 
                            suspension;

                                (E) consolidating or simplifying Federal 
                            mandates, or the planning or reporting 
                            requirements of such mandates, in order to 
                            reduce duplication and facilitate compliance 
                            by State, local, and tribal governments with 
                            those mandates;

                                (F) establishing common Federal 
                            definitions or standards to be used by 
                            State, local, and tribal governments in 
                            complying with Federal mandates that use 
                            different definitions or standards for the 
                            same terms or principles; and

                                (G)(i) the mitigation of negative 
                            impacts on the private sector that may 
                            result from relieving State, local, and 
                            tribal governments from Federal mandates (if 
                            and to the extent that such negative impacts 
                            exist on the private sector); and

                                (ii) the feasibility of applying relief 
                            from Federal mandates in the same manner and 
                            to the same extent to private sector 
                            entities as such relief is applied to State, 
                            local, and tribal governments; and

                            (4) identify and consider in each 
                        recommendation made under paragraph (3), to the 
                        extent practicable--

                                (A) the specific Federal mandates to 
                            which the recommendation applies, including 
                            requirements of the departments, agencies, 
                            and other entities of the Federal Government 
                            that State, local, and tribal governments 
                            utilize metric systems of measurement; and

                                (B) any negative impact on the private 
                            sector that may result from implementation 
                            of the recommendation.

            (b) Criteria
                (1) In general
                The Commission shall establish criteria for making 
            recommendations under subsection (a) of this section.
                (2) Issuance of proposed criteria
                The Commission shall issue proposed criteria under this 
            subsection no later than 60 days after March 22, 1995, and 
            thereafter provide a period of 30 days for submission by the 
            public of comments on the proposed criteria.
                (3) Final criteria
                No later than 45 days after the date of issuance of 
            proposed criteria, the Commission shall--
                            (A) consider comments on the proposed 
                        criteria received under paragraph (2);
                            (B) adopt and incorporate in final criteria 
                        any recommendations submitted in those comments 
                        that the Commission determines will aid the 
                        Commission in carrying out its duties under this 
                        section; and
                            (C) issue final criteria under this 
                        subsection.
            (c) Preliminary report
                (1) In general
                            No later than 9 months after March 22, 1995, 
                        the Commission shall--

                                (A) prepare and publish a preliminary 
                            report on its activities under this 
                            subchapter, including preliminary 
                            recommendations pursuant to subsection (a) 
                            of this section;

                                (B) publish in the Federal Register a 
                            notice of availability of the preliminary 
                            report; and

                                (C) provide copies of the preliminary 
                            report to the public upon request.

                (2) Public hearings
                            The Commission shall hold public hearings on 
                        the preliminary recommendations contained in the 
                        preliminary report of the Commission under this 
                        subsection.
            (d) Final report
                No later than 3 months after the date of the publication 
            of the preliminary report under subsection (c) of this 
            section, the Commission shall submit to the Congress, 
            including the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight 
            of the House of Representatives, the Committee on 
            Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on the 
            Budget of the Senate, and the Committee on the Budget of the 
            House of Representatives, and to the President a final 
            report on the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of 
            the Commission under this section.
            (e) Priority to mandates that are subject of judicial 
                proceedings
                In carrying out this section, the Advisory Commission 
            shall give the highest priority to immediately 
            investigating, reviewing, and making recommendations 
            regarding Federal mandates that are the subject of judicial 
            proceedings between the United States and a State, local, or 
            tribal government.
            (f) Definition
                For purposes of this section the term ``State mandate'' 
            means any provision in a State statute or regulation that 
            imposes an enforceable duty on local governments, the 
            private sector, or individuals, including a condition of 
            State assistance or a duty arising from participation in a 
            voluntary State program. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title III, 
            Sec. 302, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 67.)
   399.85-3  Sec. 1553. Special authorities of Advisory Commission.
            (a) Experts and consultants
                For purposes of carrying out this subchapter, the 
            Advisory Commission may procure temporary and intermittent 
            services of experts or consultants under section 3109(b) of 
            title 5.
            (b) Detail of staff of Federal agencies
                Upon request of the Executive Director of the Advisory 
            Commission, the head of any Federal department or agency may 
            detail, on a reimbursable basis, any of the personnel of 
            that department or agency to the Advisory Commission to 
            assist it in carrying out this subchapter.
            (c) Administrative support services
                Upon the request of the Advisory Commission, the 
            Administrator of General Services shall provide to the 
            Advisory Commission, on a reimbursable basis, the 
            administrative support services necessary for the Advisory 
            Commission to carry out its duties under this subchapter.
            (d) Contract authority
                The Advisory Commission may, subject to appropriate, 
            contract with and compensate government and private persons 
            (including agencies) for property and services used to carry 
            out its duties under this subchapter. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title 
            III, Sec. 303, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 69.)
   399.85-4  Sec. 1554. Annual report to Congress regarding Federal court 
                rulings.
                No later than 4 months after March 22, 1995, and no 
            later than March 15 of each year thereafter, the Advisory 
            Commission on Intergovernmental Relations shall submit to 
            the Congress, including the Committee on Government Reform 
            and Oversight of the House of Representatives and the 
            Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and to the 
            President a report describing any Federal court case to 
            which a State, local, or tribal government was a party in 
            the preceding calendar year that required such State, local, 
            or tribal government to undertake responsibilities or 
            activities, beyond those such government would otherwise 
            have undertaken, to comply with Federal statutes and 
            regulations. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title III, Sec. 304, Mar. 22, 
            1995, 109 Stat. 70.)
   399.85-5  Sec. 1555. Definition.
                Notwithstanding section 1502 of this title, for purposes 
            of this subchapter the term ``Federal mandate'' means any 
            provision in statute or regulation or any Federal court 
            ruling that imposes an enforceable duty upon State, local, 
            or tribal governments including a condition of Federal 
            assistance or a duty arising from participation in a 
            voluntary Federal program. (Pub. L. 104-4, Title III, 
            Sec. 305, Mar. 22, Stat. 70.)
   399.85-6  Sec. 1556. Authorization of appropriations.
                There are authorized to be appropriated to the Advisory 
            Commission to carry out section 1551 and section 1552 of 
            this title, $500,000 for each of fiscal years 1995 and 1996. 
            (Pub. L. 104-4, Title III, Sec. 306, Mar. 22, 1995, 109 
            Stat. 70.)
     399.87  
                           Subchapter IV.--Judicial Review

   399.87-1  Sec. 1571. Judicial review.
            (a) Agency statements on significant regulatory actions
                (1) In general
                            Compliance or noncompliance by any agency 
                        with the provisions of sections 1532 and 1533(a) 
                        (1) and (2) of this title shall be subject to 
                        judicial review only in accordance with this 
                        section.
                (2) Limited review of agency compliance or noncompliance
                            (A) Agency compliance or noncompliance with 
                        the provisions of sections 1532 and 1533(a) (1) 
                        and (2) of this title shall be subject to 
                        judicial review only under section 706(1) of 
                        title 5, and only as provided under subparagraph 
                        (B).
                            (B) If an agency fails to prepare the 
                        written statement (including the preparation of 
                        the estimates, analyses, statements, or 
                        descriptions) under section 1532 of this title 
                        or the written plan under section 1533(a) (1) 
                        and (2) of this title, a court may compel the 
                        agency to prepare such written statement.
                (3) Review of agency rules
                            In any judicial review under any other 
                        Federal law of an agency rule for which a 
                        written statement or plan is required under 
                        sections 1532 and 1533(a) (1) and (2) of this 
                        title, the inadequacy or failure to prepare such 
                        statement (including the inadequacy or failure 
                        to prepare any estimate, analysis, statement or 
                        description) or written plan shall not be used 
                        as a basis for staying, enjoining, invalidating 
                        or otherwise affecting such agency rule.
                (4) Certain information as part of record
                            Any information generated under sections 
                        1532 and 1533(a) (1) and (2) of this title that 
                        is part of the rulemaking record for judicial 
                        review under the provisions of any other Federal 
                        law may be considered as part of the record for 
                        judicial review conducted under such other 
                        provisions of Federal law.
                (5) Application of other Federal law
                            For any petition under paragraph (2) the 
                        provisions of such other Federal law shall 
                        control all other matters, such as exhaustion of 
                        administrative remedies, the time for and manner 
                        of seeking review and venue, except that if such 
                        other Federal law does not provide a limitation 
                        on the time for filing a petition for judicial 
                        review that is less than 180 days, such 
                        limitation shall be 180 days after a final rule 
                        is promulgated by the appropriate agency.
                (6) Effective date
                            This subsection shall take effect on October 
                        1, 1995, and shall apply only to any agency rule 
                        for which a general notice of proposed 
                        rulemaking is promulgated on or after such date.
            (b) Judicial review and rule of construction
                Except as provided in subsection (a) of this section
                            (1) any estimate, analysis, statement, 
                        description or report prepared under this 
                        chapter, and any compliance or noncompliance 
                        with the provisions of this chapter, and any 
                        determination concerning the applicability of 
                        the provisions of this chapter shall not be 
                        subject to judicial review; and
                            (2) no provision of this chapter shall be 
                        construed to create any right or benefit, 
                        substantive or procedural, enforceable by any 
                        person in any administrative or judicial action. 
                        (Pub. L. 104-4, Title IV, Sec. 401, Mar. 22, 
                        1995, 109 Stat. 70.)
     399.90  
                   Chapter 26.--DISCLOSURE OF LOBBYING ACTIVITIES

   399.90-1  Sec. 1601. Findings.
                The Congress finds that--
                            (1) responsible representative Government 
                        requires public awareness of the efforts of paid 
                        lobbyists to influence the public decision-
                        making process in both the legislative and 
                        executive branches of the Federal Government;
                            (2) existing lobbying disclosure statutes 
                        have been ineffective because of unclear 
                        statutory language, weak administrative and 
                        enforcement provisions, and an absence of clear 
                        guidance as to who is required to register and 
                        what they are required to disclose; and
                            (3) the effective public disclosure of the 
                        identity and extent of the efforts of paid 
                        lobbyists to influence Federal officials in the 
                        conduct of Government actions will increase 
                        public confidence in the integrity of 
                        Government. (Pub. L. 104-65, Sec. 2, Dec. 19, 
                        1995, 109 Stat. 691.)
   399.90-2  Sec. 1602. Definitions.
                As used in this chapter:
                            (1) Agency

                                The term ``agency'' has the meaning 
                            given that term in section 551(1) of title 
                            5.

                            (2) Client

                                The term ``client'' means any person or 
                            entity that employs or retains another 
                            person for financial or other compensation 
                            to conduct lobbying activities on behalf of 
                            that person or entity. A person or entity 
                            whose employees act as lobbyists on its own 
                            behalf is both a client and an employer of 
                            such employees. In the case of a coalition 
                            or association that employs or retains other 
                            persons to conduct lobbying activities, the 
                            client is the coalition or association and 
                            not its individual members.

                            (3) Covered executive branch official

                                The term ``covered executive branch 
                            official'' means--

                                        (A) the President;

                                        (B) the Vice President;

                                        (C) any officer or employee, or 
                                    any other individual functioning in 
                                    the capacity of such an officer or 
                                    employee, in the Executive Office of 
                                    the President; 

                                        (D) any officer or employee 
                                    serving in a position in level I, 
                                    II, III, IV, or V of the Executive 
                                    Schedule, as designated by statute 
                                    or Executive order;

                                        (E) any member of the uniformed 
                                    services whose pay grade is at or 
                                    above O-7 under section 201 of title 
                                    37; and

                                        (F) any officer or employee 
                                    serving in a position of a 
                                    confidential, policy-determining, 
                                    policy-making, or policy-advocating 
                                    character described in section 
                                    7511(b)(2)(B) of title 5.

                            (4) Covered legislative branch official

                                The term ``covered legislative branch 
                            official'' means--

                                        (A) a Member of Congress;

                                        (B) an elected officer of either 
                                    House of Congress;

                                        (C) any employee of, or any 
                                    other individual functioning in the 
                                    capacity of an employee of--

                                                (i) a Member of 
                                            Congress;
                                                (ii) a committee of 
                                            either House of Congress;
                                                (iii) the leadership 
                                            staff of the House of 
                                            Representatives or the 
                                            leadership staff of the 
                                            Senate;
                                                (iv) a joint committee 
                                            of Congress; and
                                                (v) a working group or 
                                            caucus organized to provide 
                                            legislative services or 
                                            other assistance to Members 
                                            of Congress; and

                                        (D) any other legislative branch 
                                    employee serving in a position 
                                    described under section 109(13) of 
                                    the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 
                                    (5 U.S.C. App.).

                            (5) Employee

                                The term ``employee'' means any 
                            individual who is an officer, employee, 
                            partner, director, or proprietor of a person 
                            or entity, but does not include--

                                        (A) independent contractors; or

                                        (B) volunteers who receive no 
                                    financial or other compensation from 
                                    the person or entity for their 
                                    services.

                            (6) Foreign entity

                                The term ``foreign entity'' means a 
                            foreign principal (as defined in section 
                            1(b) of the Foreign Agents Registration Act 
                            of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611(b)).

                            (7) Lobbying activities

                                The term ``lobbying activities'' means 
                            lobbying contacts and efforts in support of 
                            such contacts, including preparation and 
                            planning activities, research and other 
                            background work that is intended, at the 
                            time it is performed, for use in contacts, 
                            and coordination with the lobbying 
                            activities of others.

                            (8) Lobbying contact

                                (A) Definition

                                        The term ``lobbying contact'' 
                                    means any oral or written 
                                    communication (including an 
                                    electronic communication) to a 
                                    covered executive branch official or 
                                    a covered legislative branch 
                                    official that is made on behalf of a 
                                    client with regard to--

                                                (i) the formulation, 
                                            modification, or adoption of 
                                            Federal legislation 
                                            (including legislative 
                                            proposals);
                                                (ii) the formulation, 
                                            modification, or adoption of 
                                            a Federal rule, regulation, 
                                            Executive order, or any 
                                            other program, policy, or 
                                            position of the United 
                                            States Government;
                                                (iii) the administration 
                                            or execution of a Federal 
                                            program or policy (including 
                                            the negotiation, award, or 
                                            administration of a Federal 
                                            contract, grant, loan, 
                                            permit, or license); or
                                                (iv) the nomination or 
                                            confirmation of a person for 
                                            a position subject to 
                                            confirmation by the Senate.

                                (B) Exceptions

                                        The term ``lobbying contact'' 
                                    does not include a communication 
                                    that is--

                                                (i) made by a public 
                                            official acting in the 
                                            public official's official 
                                            capacity;
                                                (ii) made by a 
                                            representative of a media 
                                            organization if the purpose 
                                            of the communication is 
                                            gathering and disseminating 
                                            news and information to the 
                                            public;
                                                (iii) made in a speech, 
                                            article, publication or 
                                            other material that is 
                                            distributed and made 
                                            available to the public, or 
                                            through radio, television, 
                                            cable television, or other 
                                            medium of mass 
                                            communication;
                                                (iv) made on behalf of a 
                                            government of a foreign 
                                            country or a foreign 
                                            political party and 
                                            disclosed under the Foreign 
                                            Agents Registration Act of 
                                            1938 (22 U.S.C. 611 et 
                                            seq.);
                                                (v) a request for a 
                                            meeting, a request for the 
                                            status of an action, or any 
                                            other similar administrative 
                                            request, if the request does 
                                            not include an attempt to 
                                            influence a covered 
                                            executive branch official or 
                                            a covered legislative branch 
                                            official;
                                                (vi) made in the course 
                                            of participation in an 
                                            advisory committee subject 
                                            to the Federal Advisory 
                                            Committee Act;
                                                (vii) testimony given 
                                            before a committee, 
                                            subcommittee, or task force 
                                            of the Congress, or 
                                            submitted for inclusion in 
                                            the public record of a 
                                            hearing conducted by such 
                                            committee, subcommittee, or 
                                            task force;
                                                (viii) information 
                                            provided in writing in 
                                            response to an oral or 
                                            written request by a covered 
                                            executive branch official or 
                                            a covered legislative branch 
                                            official for specific 
                                            information;
                                                (ix) required by 
                                            subpoena, civil 
                                            investigative demand, or 
                                            otherwise compelled by 
                                            statute, regulation, or 
                                            other action of the Congress 
                                            or an agency, including any 
                                            communication compelled by a 
                                            Federal contract, grant, 
                                            loan, permit, or license;
                                                (x) made in response to 
                                            a notice in the Federal 
                                            Register, Commerce Business 
                                            Daily, or other similar 
                                            publication soliciting 
                                            communications from the 
                                            public and directed to the 
                                            agency official specifically 
                                            designated in the notice to 
                                            receive such communications;
                                                (xi) not possible to 
                                            report without disclosing 
                                            information, the 
                                            unauthorized disclosure of 
                                            which is prohibited by law;
                                                (xii) made to an 
                                            official in an agency with 
                                            regard to--
                                                  (I) a judicial 
                                            proceeding or a criminal or 
                                            civil law enforcement 
                                            inquiry, investigation, or 
                                            proceeding; or
                                                  (II) a filing or 
                                            proceeding that the 
                                            Government is specifically 
                                            required by statute or 
                                            regulation to maintain or 
                                            conduct on a confidential 
                                            basis,

            if that agency is charged with responsibility for such 
            proceeding, inquiry, investigation, or filing

                                                (xiii) made in 
                                            compliance with written 
                                            agency procedures regarding 
                                            an adjudication conducted by 
                                            the agency under section 554 
                                            of title 5, or substantially 
                                            similar provisions;
                                                (xiv) a written comment 
                                            filed in the course of a 
                                            public proceeding or any 
                                            other communication that is 
                                            made on the record in a 
                                            public proceeding;
                                                (xv) a petition for 
                                            agency action made in 
                                            writing and required to be a 
                                            matter of public record 
                                            pursuant to established 
                                            agency procedures;
                                                (xvi) made on behalf of 
                                            an individual with regard to 
                                            that individual's benefits, 
                                            employment, or other 
                                            personal matters involving 
                                            only that individual, except 
                                            that this clause does not 
                                            apply to any communication 
                                            with--
                                                  (I) a covered 
                                            executive branch official, 
                                            or
                                                  (II) a covered 
                                            legislative branch official 
                                            (other than the individual's 
                                            elected Members of Congress 
                                            or employees who work under 
                                            such Members' direct 
                                            supervision),

            with respect to the formulation, modification, or adoption 
            of private legislation for the relief of that individual;

                                                (xvii) a disclosure by 
                                            an individual that is 
                                            protected under the 
                                            amendments made by the 
                                            Whistleblower Protection Act 
                                            of 1989 [5 U.S.C. 1201 et 
                                            seq.], under the Inspector 
                                            General Act of 1978 [12 
                                            U.S.C. 1811 et seq.], or 
                                            under another provision of 
                                            law;
                                                (xviii) made by--
                                                  (I) a church, its 
                                            integrated auxiliary, or a 
                                            convention or association of 
                                            churches that is exempt from 
                                            filing a Federal income tax 
                                            return under paragraph 
                                            2(A)(i) of section 6033(a) 
                                            of the Internal Revenue Code 
                                            of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 6033(a)], 
                                            or
                                                  (II) a religious order 
                                            that is exempt from filing a 
                                            Federal income tax return 
                                            under paragraph (2)(A)(iii) 
                                            of such section 6033(a); and
                                                (xix) between--
                                                  (I) officials of a 
                                            self-regulatory organization 
                                            (as defined in section 
                                            3(a)(26) of the Securities 
                                            Exchange Act [15 U.S.C. 
                                            78c(a)(26)]) that is 
                                            registered with or 
                                            established by the 
                                            Securities and Exchange 
                                            Commission as required by 
                                            that Act or a similar 
                                            organization that is 
                                            designated by or registered 
                                            with the Commodities Future 
                                            Trading Commission as 
                                            provided under the Commodity 
                                            Exchange Act [7 U.S.C. 1 et 
                                            seq.]; and
                                                  (II) the Securities 
                                            and Exchange Commission or 
                                            the Commodities Futures 
                                            Trading Commission, 
                                            respectively;

            relating to the regulatory responsibilities of such 
            organization under that Act.

                            (9) Lobbying firm

                                The term ``lobbying firm'' means a 
                            person or entity that has 1 or more 
                            employees who are lobbyists on behalf of a 
                            client other than that person or entity. The 
                            term also includes a self-employed 
                            individual who is a lobbyist.

                            (10) Lobbyist

                                The term ``lobbyist'' means any 
                            individual who is employed or retained by a 
                            client for financial or other compensation 
                            for services that include more than one 
                            lobbying contact, other than an individual 
                            whose lobbying activities constitute less 
                            than 20 percent of the time engaged in the 
                            services provided by such individual to that 
                            client over a six month period.

                            (11) Media organization

                                The term ``media organization'' means a 
                            person or entity engaged in disseminating 
                            information to the general public through a 
                            newspaper, magazine, other publication, 
                            radio, television, cable television, or 
                            other medium of mass communication.

                            (12) Member of Congress

                                The term ``Member of Congress'' means a 
                            Senator or a Representative in, or Delegate 
                            or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress.

                            (13) Organization

                                The term ``organization'' means a person 
                            or entity other than an individual.

                            (14) Person or entity

                                The term ``person or entity'' means any 
                            individual, corporation, company, 
                            foundation, association, labor organization, 
                            firm, partnership, society, joint stock 
                            company, group of organizations, or State or 
                            local government.

                            (15) Public official

                                The term ``public official'' means any 
                            elected official, appointed official, or 
                            employee of--

                                        (A) a Federal, State, or local 
                                    unit of government in the United 
                                    States other than--

                                                (i) a college or 
                                            university;
                                                (ii) a government-
                                            sponsored enterprise (as 
                                            defined in section 3(8) of 
                                            the Congressional Budget and 
                                            Impoundment Control Act of 
                                            1974 [2 U.S.C. 622(8)]);
                                                (iii) a public utility 
                                            that provides gas, 
                                            electricity, water, or 
                                            communications;
                                                (iv) a guaranty agency 
                                            (as defined in section 
                                            435(j) of the Higher 
                                            Education Act of 1965 (20 
                                            U.S.C. 1085(j))), including 
                                            any affiliate of such an 
                                            agency; or
                                                (v) an agency of any 
                                            State functioning as a 
                                            student loan secondary 
                                            market pursuant to section 
                                            435(d)(1)(F) of the Higher 
                                            Education Act of 1965 (20 
                                            U.S.C. 1085(d)(1)(F));

                                        (B) a Government corporation (as 
                                    defined in section 9101 of title 
                                    31);

                                        (C) an organization of State or 
                                    local elected or appointed officials 
                                    other than officials of an entity 
                                    described in clause (i), (ii), 
                                    (iii), (iv), or (v) of subparagraph 
                                    (A);

                                        (D) an Indian tribe (as defined 
                                    in section 4(e) of the Indian Self-
                                    Determination and Education 
                                    Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(e));

                                        (E) a national or State 
                                    political party or any 
                                    organizational unit thereof; or

                                        (F) a national, regional, or 
                                    local unit of any foreign 
                                    government, or a group of 
                                    governments acting together as an 
                                    international organization.

                            (16) State

                                The term ``State'' means each of the 
                            several States, the District of Columbia, 
                            and any commonwealth, territory, or 
                            possession of the United States. (Pub. L. 
                            104-65, Sec. 3, Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 
                            691; Pub. L. 105-166, Sec. Sec. 2, 3, Apr. 
                            6, 1998, 112 Stat. 38.)

   399.90-3  Sec. 1603. Registration of lobbyists.
            (a) Registration
                (1) General rule
                            No later than 45 days after a lobbyist first 
                        makes a lobbying contact or is employed or 
                        retained to make a lobbying contact, whichever 
                        is earlier, such lobbyist (or, as provided under 
                        paragraph (2), the organization employing such 
                        lobbyist), shall register with the Secretary of 
                        the Senate and the Clerk of the House of 
                        Representatives.
                (2) Employer filing
                            Any organization that has 1 or more 
                        employees who are lobbyists shall file a single 
                        registration under this section on behalf of 
                        such employees for each client on whose behalf 
                        the employees act as lobbyists.
                (3) Exemption
                            (A) General rule

                                Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), 
                            a person or entity whose--

                                        (i) total income for matters 
                                    related to lobbying activities on 
                                    behalf of a particular client (in 
                                    the case of a lobbying firm) does 
                                    not exceed and is not expected to 
                                    exceed $5,000; or

                                        (ii) total expenses in 
                                    connection with lobbying activities 
                                    (in the case of an organization 
                                    whose employees engage in lobbying 
                                    activities on its own behalf) do not 
                                    exceed or are not expected to exceed 
                                    $20,000,

            (as estimated under section 1604 of this title) in the 
            semiannual period described in section 1604(a) of this title 
            during which the registration would be made is not required 
            to register under subsection (a) of this title with respect 
            to such client.

                            (B) Adjustment

                                The dollar amounts in subparagraph (A) 
                            shall be adjusted--

                                        (i) on January 1, 1997, to 
                                    reflect changes in the Consumer 
                                    Price Index (as determined by the 
                                    Secretary of Labor) since December 
                                    19, 1995; and

                                        (ii) on January 1 of each fourth 
                                    year occurring after January 1, 
                                    1997, to reflect changes in the 
                                    Consumer Price Index (as determined 
                                    by the Secretary of Labor) during 
                                    the preceding 4-year period,

                                rounded to the nearest $500.

            (b) Contents of registration
                Each registration under this section shall contain--
                            (1) the name, address, business telephone 
                        number, and principal place of business of the 
                        registrant, and a general description of its 
                        business or activities;
                            (2) the name, address, and principal place 
                        of business of the registrant's client, and a 
                        general description of its business or 
                        activities (if different from paragraph (1));
                            (3) the name, address, and principal place 
                        of business of any organization, other than the 
                        client, that--

                                (A) contributes more than $10,000 toward 
                            the lobbying activities of the registrant in 
                            a semiannual period described in section 
                            1604(a) of this title; and

                                (B) in whole or in major part plans, 
                            supervises, or controls such lobbying 
                            activities.

                            (4) the name, address, principal place of 
                        business, amount of any contribution of more 
                        than $10,000 to the lobbying activities of the 
                        registrant, and approximate percentage of 
                        equitable ownership in the client (if any) of 
                        any foreign entity that--

                                (A) holds at least 20 percent equitable 
                            ownership in the client or any organization 
                            identified under paragraph (3);

                                (B) directly or indirectly, in whole or 
                            in major part, plans, supervises, controls, 
                            directs, finances, or subsidizes the 
                            activities of the client or any organization 
                            identified under paragraph (3); or

                                (C) is an affiliate of the client or any 
                            organization identified under paragraph (3) 
                            and has a direct interest in the outcome of 
                            the lobbying activity;

                            (5) a statement of--

                                (A) the general issue areas in which the 
                            registrant expects to engage in lobbying 
                            activities on behalf of the client; and

                                (B) to the extent practicable, specific 
                            issues that have (as of the date of the 
                            registration) already been addressed or are 
                            likely to be addressed in lobbying 
                            activities; and

                            (6) the name of each employee of the 
                        registrant who has acted or whom the registrant 
                        expects to act as a lobbyist on behalf of the 
                        client and, if any such employee has served as a 
                        covered executive branch official or a covered 
                        legislative branch official in the 2 years 
                        before the date on which such employee first 
                        acted (after December 19, 1995) as a lobbyist on 
                        behalf of the client, the position in which such 
                        employee served.
            (c) Guidelines for registration
                (1) Multiple clients
                            In the case of a registrant making lobbying 
                        contacts on behalf of more than 1 client, a 
                        separate registration under this section shall 
                        be filed for each such client.
                (2) Multiple contacts
                            A registrant who makes more than 1 lobbying 
                        contact for the same client shall file a single 
                        registration covering all such lobbying 
                        contacts.
            (d) Termination of registration
                A registrant who after registration--
                            (1) is no longer employed or retained by a 
                        client to conduct lobbying activities, and
                            (2) does not anticipate any additional 
                        lobbying activities for such client,

            may so notify the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of 
            the House of Representatives and terminate its registration. 
            (Pub. L. 104-65, Sec. 4, Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 696.)

   399.90-4  Sec. 1604. Reports by registered lobbyists.
            (a) Semiannual report
                No later than 45 days after the end of the semiannual 
            period beginning on the first day of each January and the 
            first day of July of each year in which a registrant is 
            registered under section 4, each registrant shall file a 
            report with the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the 
            House of Representatives on its lobbying activities during 
            such semiannual period. A separate report shall be filed for 
            each client of the registrant.
            (b) Contents of report
                Each semiannual report filed under subsection (a) of 
            this section shall contain--
                            (1) the name of the registrant, the name of 
                        the client, and any changes or updates to the 
                        information provided in the initial 
                        registration;
                            (2) for each general issue area in which the 
                        registrant engaged in lobbying activities on 
                        behalf of the client during the semiannual 
                        filing period--

                                (A) a list of the specific issues upon 
                            which a lobbyist employed by the registrant 
                            engaged in lobbying activities, including, 
                            to the maximum extent practicable, a list of 
                            bill numbers and references to specific 
                            executive branch actions;

                                (B) a statement of the Houses of 
                            Congress and the Federal agencies contacted 
                            by lobbyists employed by the registrant on 
                            behalf of the client;

                                (C) a list of the employees of the 
                            registrant who acted as lobbyists on behalf 
                            of the client; and

                                (D) a description of the interest, if 
                            any, of any foreign entity identified under 
                            section 1603(b)(4) of this title in the 
                            specific issues listed under subparagraph 
                            (A);

                            (3) in the case of a lobbying firm, a good 
                        faith estimate of the total amount of all income 
                        from the client (including any payments to the 
                        registrant by any other person for lobbying 
                        activities on behalf of the client) during the 
                        semiannual period, other than income for matters 
                        that are unrelated to lobbying activities; and
                            (4) in the case of a registrant engaged in 
                        lobbying activities on its own behalf, a good 
                        faith estimate of the total expenses that the 
                        registrant and its employees incurred in 
                        connection with lobbying activities during the 
                        semiannual filing period.
            (c) Estimates of income or expenses
                For purposes of this section, estimates of income or 
            expenses shall be made as follows:
                            (1) Estimates of amounts in excess of 
                        $10,000 shall be rounded to the nearest $20,000.
                            (2) In the event income or expenses do not 
                        exceed $10,000, the registrant shall include a 
                        statement that income or expenses totaled less 
                        than $10,000 for the reporting period. (Pub. L. 
                        104-65, Sec. 5, Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 697; 
                        Pub. L. 105-166, Sec. 4(c), Apr. 6, 1998, 112 
                        Stat. 39.)
   399.90-5  Sec. 1605. Disclosure and enforcement.
                The Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House 
            of Representatives shall--
                            (1) provide guidance and assistance on the 
                        registration and reporting requirements of this 
                        chapter and develop common standards, rules, and 
                        procedures for compliance with this chapter;
                            (2) review, and, where necessary, verify and 
                        inquire to ensure the accuracy, completeness and 
                        timeliness of registration and reports;
                            (3) develop filing, coding, and cross-
                        indexing systems to carry out the purpose of 
                        this chapter, including--

                                (A) a publicly available list of all 
                            registered lobbyists, lobbying firms, and 
                            their clients; and

                                (B) computerized systems designed to 
                            minimize the burden of filing and maximize 
                            public access to materials filed under this 
                            chapter;

                            (4) make available for public inspection and 
                        copying at reasonable times the registrations 
                        and reports filed under this chapter;
                            (5) retain registrations for a period of at 
                        least 6 years after they are terminated and 
                        reports for a period of at least 6 years after 
                        they are filed;
                            (6) compile and summarize, with respect to 
                        each semiannual period, the information 
                        contained in registrations and reports filed 
                        with respect to such period in a clear and 
                        complete manner;
                            (7) notify any lobbyist or lobbying firm in 
                        writing that may be in noncompliance with this 
                        Act; and
                            (8) notify the United States Attorney for 
                        the District of Columbia that a lobbyist or 
                        lobbying firm may be in noncompliance with this 
                        chapter, if the registrant has been notified in 
                        writing and has failed to provide an appropriate 
                        response within 60 days after notice was given 
                        under paragraph (7). (Pub. L. 104-65, Sec. 6, 
                        Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 698.)
   399.90-6  Sec. 1606. Penalties.
                Whoever knowingly fails to--
                            (1) remedy a defective filing within 60 days 
                        after notice of such a defect by the Secretary 
                        of the Senate or the Clerk of the House of 
                        Representatives; or
                            (2) comply with any other provision of this 
                        chapter;

            shall, upon proof of such knowing violation by a 
            preponderance of the evidence, be subject to a civil fine of 
            not more than $50,000, depending on the extent and gravity 
            of the violation. (Pub. L. 104-65, Sec. 7, Dec. 19, 1995, 
            109 Stat. 699.)

   399.90-7  Sec. 1607. Rules of construction.
            (a) Constitutional rights
                Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit 
            or interfere with--
                            (1) the right to petition the Government for 
                        the redress of grievances;
                            (2) the right to express a personal opinion; 
                        or
                            (3) the right of association,

            protected by the first amendment to the Constitution.

            (b) Prohibition of activities
                Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit, 
            or to authorize any court to prohibit, lobbying activities 
            or lobbying contacts by any person or entity, regardless of 
            whether such person or entity is in compliance with the 
            requirements of this chapter.
            (c) Audit and investigations
                Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to grant 
            general audit or investigative authority to the Secretary of 
            the Senate or the Clerk of the House of Representatives. 
            (Pub. L. 104-65, Sec. 8, Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 699.)
   399.90-8  Sec. 1608. Severability.
                If any provision of this chapter, or the application 
            thereof, is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of 
            this chapter and the application of such provision to other 
            persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby. 
            (Pub. L. 104-65, Sec. 13, Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 701.)
   399.90-9  Sec. 1609. Identification of clients and covered officials.
            (a) Oral lobbying contacts
                Any person or entity that makes an oral lobbying contact 
            with a covered legislative branch official or a covered 
            executive branch official shall, on the request of the 
            official at the time of the lobbying contact--
                            (1) state whether the person or entity is 
                        registered under this chapter and identify the 
                        client on whose behalf the lobbying contact is 
                        made; and
                            (2) state whether such client is a foreign 
                        entity and identify any foreign entity required 
                        to be disclosed under section 1603(b)(4) of this 
                        title that has a direct interest in the outcome 
                        of the lobbying activity.
            (b) Written lobbying contacts
                Any person or entity registered under this chapter that 
            makes a written lobbying contact (including an electronic 
            communication) with a covered legislative branch official or 
            a covered executive branch official shall--
                            (1) if the client on whose behalf the 
                        lobbying contact was made is a foreign entity, 
                        identify such client, state that the client is 
                        considered a foreign entity under this chapter, 
                        and state whether the person making the lobbying 
                        contact is registered on behalf of that client 
                        under section 1603 of this title; and
                            (2) identify any other foreign entity 
                        identified pursuant to section 1603(b)(4) of 
                        this title that has a direct interest in the 
                        outcome of the lobbying activity.
            (c) Identification as covered official
                Upon request by a person or entity making a lobbying 
            contact, the individual who is contacted or the office 
            employing that individual shall indicate whether or not the 
            individual is a covered legislative branch official or a 
            covered executive branch official. (Pub. L. 104-65, Sec. 14, 
            Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 702.)
  399.90-10  Sec. 1610. Estimates based on tax reporting system.
            (a) Entities covered by section 6033(b) of title 26
                A person, other than a lobbying firm, that is required 
            to report and does report lobbying expenditures pursuant to 
            section 6033(b)(8) of title 26 may--
                            (1) make a good faith estimate (by category 
                        of dollar value) of applicable amounts that 
                        would be required to be disclosed under such 
                        section for the appropriate semiannual period to 
                        meet the requirements of sections 1603(a)(3) and 
                        1604(b)(4) of this title; and
                            (2) for all other purposes consider as 
                        lobbying contacts and lobbying activities only--

                                (A) lobbying contacts with covered 
                            legislative branch officials (as defined in 
                            section 1602(4) of this title) and lobbying 
                            activities in support of such contacts; and

                                (B) lobbying of Federal executive branch 
                            officials to the extent that such activities 
                            are influencing legislation as defined in 
                            section 4911(d) of title 26.

            (b) Entities covered by section 162(e) of title 26
                A person, other than a lobbying firm, who is required to 
            account and does account for lobbying expenditures pursuant 
            to section 162(e) of title 26 may--
                            (1) make a good faith estimate (by category 
                        of dollar value) of applicable amounts that 
                        would not be deductible pursuant to such section 
                        for the appropriate semiannual period to meet 
                        the requirements of sections 1603(a)(3) and 
                        1604(b)(4) of this title; and
                            (2) for all other purposes consider as 
                        lobbying contacts and lobbying activities only--

                                (A) lobbying contacts with covered 
                            legislative branch officials (as defined in 
                            section 1602(4) of this title) and lobbying 
                            activities in support of such contacts; and

                                (B) lobbying of Federal executive branch 
                            officials to the extent that amounts paid or 
                            costs incurred in connection with such 
                            activities are not deductible pursuant to 
                            section 162(e) of title 26.

            (c) Disclosure of estimate
                Any registrant that elects to make estimates required by 
            this chapter under the procedures authorized by subsection 
            (a) or (b) of this section for reporting or threshold 
            purposes shall--
                            (1) inform the Secretary of the Senate and 
                        the Clerk of the House of Representatives that 
                        the registrant has elected to make its estimates 
                        under such procedures; and
                            (2) make all such estimates, in a given 
                        calendar year, under such procedures.
            (d) Study
                Not later than March 31, 1997, the Comptroller General 
            of the United States shall review reporting by registrants 
            under subsections (a) and (b) of this section and report to 
            the Congress--
                            (1) the differences between the definition 
                        of ``lobbying activities'' in section 1602(7) of 
                        this title and the definitions of ``lobbying 
                        expenditures'', ``influencing legislation'', and 
                        related terms in sections 162(e) and 4911 of 
                        title 26, as each are implemented by 
                        regulations;
                            (2) the impact that any such differences may 
                        have on filing and reporting under this chapter 
                        pursuant to this subsection; and
                            (3) any changes to this chapter to the 
                        appropriate sections of title 26 that the 
                        Comptroller General may recommend to harmonize 
                        the definitions.

            (Pub. L. 104-65, Sec. 15, Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 702; Pub. 
            L. 105-166, Sec. 4(a), (b), Apr. 6, 1998, 112 Stat. 38.)

  399.90-11  Sec. 1611. Exempt organizations.
                An organization described in section 501(c)(4) of title 
            26 which engages in lobbying activities shall not be 
            eligible for the receipt of Federal funds constituting an 
            award, grant, or loan.

            (Pub. L. 104-65, Sec. 18, Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 703; Pub. 
            L. 104-99, Title I, Sec. 129(a), Jan. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 
            34.)

  399.90-12  Sec. 1612. Sense of the Senate that lobbying expenses should 
                remain nondeductible.
            (a) Findings
                The Senate finds that ordinary Americans generally are 
            not allowed to deduct the costs of communicating with their 
            elected representatives.
            (b) Sense of the Senate
                It is the sense of the Senate that lobbying expenses 
            should not be tax deductible. (Pub. L. 104-65. Sec. 23, Dec. 
            19, 1995, 109 Stat. 705.)
                               3u.s.c.--the president

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                               TITLE 3.--THE PRESIDENT

            
                  Chapter 1.--PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS AND VACANCIES

        400  Sec. 1. Time of appointing electors.
                The electors of President and Vice President shall be 
            appointed, in each State, on the Tuesday next after the 
            first Monday in November, in every fourth year succeeding 
            every election of a President and Vice President. (June 25, 
            1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 672.)
        401  Sec. 2. Failure to make choice on prescribed day.
                Whenever any State has held an election for the purpose 
            of choosing electors, and has failed to make a choice on the 
            day prescribed by law, the electors may be appointed on a 
            subsequent day in such a manner as the legislature of such 
            State may direct. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 
            672.)
        402  Sec. 3. Number of electors.
                The number of electors shall be equal to the number of 
            Senators and Representatives to which the several States are 
            by law entitled at the time when the President and Vice 
            President to be chosen come into office; except, that where 
            no apportionment of Representatives has been made after any 
            enumeration, at the time of choosing electors, the number of 
            electors shall be according to the then existing 
            apportionment of Senators and Representatives. (June 25, 
            1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 672.)
        403  Sec. 4. Vacancies in electoral college.
                Each State may, by law, provide for the filling of any 
            vacancies which may occur in its college of electors when 
            such college meets to give its electoral vote. (June 25, 
            1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 673.)
        404  Sec. 5. Determination of controversy as to appointment of 
                electors.
                If any State shall have provided, by laws enacted prior 
            to the day fixed for the appointment of the electors, for 
            its final determination of any controversy or contest 
            concerning the appointment of all or any of the electors of 
            such State, by judicial or other methods or procedures, and 
            such determination shall have been made at least six days 
            before the time fixed for the meeting of the electors, such 
            determination made pursuant to such law so existing on said 
            day, and made at least six days prior to said time of 
            meeting of the electors, shall be conclusive, and shall 
            govern in the counting of the electoral votes as provided in 
            the Constitution, and as hereinafter regulated, so far as 
            the ascertainment of the electors appointed by such State is 
            concerned. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 673.)
        405  Sec. 6. Credentials of electors; transmission to Archivist 
                of the United States and to Congress; public inspection.
                It shall be the duty of the executive of each State, as 
            soon as practicable after the conclusion of the appointment 
            of the electors in such State by the final ascertainment, 
            under and in pursuance of the laws of such State providing 
            for such ascertainment, to communicate by registered mail 
            under the seal of the State to the Archivist of the United 
            States, a certificate of such ascertainment of the electors 
            appointed, setting forth the names of such electors and the 
            canvass or other ascertainment under the laws of such State 
            of the number of votes given or cast for each person for 
            whose appointment any and all votes have been given or cast; 
            and it shall also thereupon be the duty of the executive of 
            each State to deliver to the electors of such State, on or 
            before the day on which they are required by section 7 of 
            this title to meet, six duplicate-originals of the same 
            certificate under the seal of the State; and if there shall 
            have been any final determination in a State in the manner 
            provided for by law of a controversy or contest concerning 
            the appointment of all or any of the electors of such State, 
            it shall be the duty of the executive of such State, as soon 
            as practicable after such determination, to communicate 
            under the seal of the State to the Archivist of the United 
            States, a certificate of such determination in form and 
            manner as the same shall have been made; and the certificate 
            or certificates so received by the Archivist of the United 
            States, shall be preserved by him for one year and shall be 
            a part of the public records of his office and shall be open 
            to public inspection; and the Archivist of the United 
            States, at the first meeting of Congress thereafter shall 
            transmit to the two Houses of Congress copies in full of 
            each and every such certificate so received at the National 
            Archives and Records Administration. (June 25, 1948, ch. 
            644, 62 Stat. 673; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, Sec. 6, 65 Stat. 
            711; Oct. 19, 1984, Pub. L. 98-497, Title I, Sec. 107(e)(1), 
            (2)(A), 98 Stat. 2291.)

        406  Sec. 7. Meeting and vote of electors.
                The electors of President and Vice President of each 
            State shall meet and give their votes on the first Monday 
            after the second Wednesday in December next following their 
            appointment at such place in each State as the legislature 
            of such State shall direct. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 
            62 Stat. 673.)
        407  Sec. 8. Manner of voting.
                The electors shall vote for President and Vice 
            President, respectively, in the manner directed by the 
            Constitution. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 
            674.)
        408  Sec. 9. Certificates of votes for President and Vice 
                President.
                The electors shall make and sign six certificates of all 
            the votes given by them, each of which certificates shall 
            contain two distinct lists, one of the votes for President 
            and the other of the votes for Vice President, and shall 
            annex to each of the certificates one of the lists of the 
            electors which shall have been furnished to them by 
            direction of the executive of the State. (June 25, 1948, ch. 
            644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 674.)
        409  Sec. 10. Sealing and endorsing certificates.
                The electors shall seal up the certificates so made by 
            them, and certify upon each that the lists of all the votes 
            of such States given for President, and of all the votes 
            given for Vice President, are contained therein. (June 25, 
            1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 674.)
        410  Sec. 11. Disposition of certificates.
                The electors shall dispose of the certificates so made 
            by them and the lists attached thereto in the following 
            manner:
                First. They shall forthwith forward by registered mail 
            one of the same to the President of the Senate at the seat 
            of government.
                Second. Two of the same shall be delivered to the 
            secretary of state of the State, one of which shall be held 
            subject to the order of the President of the Senate, the 
            other to be preserved by him for one year and shall be a 
            part of the public records of his office and shall be open 
            to public inspection.
                Third. On the day thereafter they shall forward by 
            registered mail two of such certificates and lists to the 
            Archivist of the United States at the seat of government, 
            one of which shall be held subject to the order of the 
            President of the Senate. The other shall be preserved by the 
            Archivist of the United States for one year and shall be a 
            part of the public records of his office and shall be open 
            to public inspection.
                Fourth. They shall forthwith cause the other of the 
            certificates and lists to be delivered to the judge of the 
            district in which the electors shall have assembled. (Oct. 
            31, 1951, ch. 655, Sec. 7, 65 Stat. 712; Oct. 19, 1984, Pub. 
            L. 98-497, Title I, Sec. 107(e)(1), 98 Stat. 2291.)
        411  Sec. 12. Failure of certificates of electors to reach 
                President of Senate or Archivist of the United States; 
                demand on State for certificate.
                When no certificate of vote and list mentioned in 
            sections 9 and 11 of this title from any State shall have 
            been received by the President of the Senate or by the 
            Archivist of the United States by the fourth Wednesday in 
            December, after the meeting of the electors shall have been 
            held, the President of the Senate or, if he be absent from 
            the seat of government, the Archivist of the United States 
            shall request, by the most expeditious method available, the 
            secretary of state of the State to send up the certificate 
            and list lodged with him by the electors of such State; and 
            it shall be his duty upon receipt of such request 
            immediately to transmit same by registered mail to the 
            President of the Senate at the seat of government. (Oct. 31, 
            1951, ch. 655, Sec. 8, 65 Stat. 712; Oct. 19, 1984, Pub. L. 
            98-497, Title I, Sec. 107(e)(1), (2)(B), 98 Stat. 2291.)
        412  Sec. 13. Same; demand on district judge for certificate.
                When no certificates of votes from any State shall have 
            been received at the seat of government on the fourth 
            Wednesday in December, after the meeting of the electors 
            shall have been held, the President of the Senate or, if he 
            be absent from the seat of government, the Archivist of the 
            United States shall send a special messenger to the district 
            judge in whose custody one certificate of votes from the 
            State has been lodged, and such judge shall forthwith 
            transmit that list by the hand of such messenger to the seat 
            of government. (Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, Sec. 9, 65 Stat. 
            712; Oct. 19, 1984, Pub. L. 98-497, Title I, Sec. 107(e)(1), 
            98 Stat. 2291.)
        413  Sec. 14. Forfeiture for messenger's neglect of duty.
                Every person who, having been appointed, pursuant to 
            section 13 of this title, to deliver the certificates of the 
            votes of the electors to the President of the Senate, and 
            having accepted such appointment, shall neglect to perform 
            the services required from him, shall forfeit the sum of 
            $1,000.  (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 675.)
        414  Sec. 15. Counting electoral votes in Congress.
                Congress shall be in session on the sixth day of January 
            succeeding every meeting of the electors. The Senate and 
            House of Representatives shall meet in the Hall of the House 
            of Representatives at the hour of 1 o'clock in the afternoon 
            on that day, and the President of the Senate shall be their 
            presiding officer. Two tellers shall be previously appointed 
            on the part of the Senate and two on the part of the House 
            of Representatives, to whom shall be handed, as they are 
            opened by the President of the Senate, all the certificates 
            and papers purporting to be certificates of the electoral 
            votes, which certificates and papers shall be opened, 
            presented, and acted upon in the alphabetical order of the 
            States, beginning with the letter A; and said tellers, 
            having then read the same in the presence and hearing of the 
            two Houses, shall make a list of the votes as they shall 
            appear from the said certificates; and the votes having been 
            ascertained and counted according to the rules in this 
            subchapter provided, the result of the same shall be 
            delivered to the President of the Senate, who shall 
            thereupon announce the state of the vote, which announcement 
            shall be deemed a sufficient declaration of the persons, if 
            any, elected President and Vice President of the United 
            States, and, together with a list of the votes, be entered 
            on the Journals of the two Houses. Upon such reading of any 
            such certificate or paper, the President of the Senate shall 
            call for objections, if any. Every objection shall be made 
            in writing, and shall state clearly and concisely, and 
            without argument, the ground thereof, and shall be signed by 
            at least one Senator and one Member of the House of 
            Representatives before the same shall be received. When all 
            objections so made to any vote or paper from a State shall 
            have been received and read, the Senate shall thereupon 
            withdraw, and such objections shall be submitted to the 
            Senate for its decision; and the Speaker of the House of 
            Representatives shall, in like manner, submit such 
            objections to the House of Representatives for its decision; 
            and no electoral vote or votes from any State which shall 
            have been regularly given by electors whose appointment has 
            been lawfully certified to according to section 6 of this 
            title from which but one return has been received shall be 
            rejected, but the two Houses concurrently may reject the 
            vote or votes when they agree that such vote or votes have 
            not been so regularly given by electors whose appointment 
            has been so certified. If more than one return or paper 
            purporting to be a return from a State shall have been 
            received by the President of the Senate, those votes, and 
            those only, shall be counted which shall have been regularly 
            given by the electors who are shown by the determination 
            mentioned in section 5 of this title to have been appointed, 
            if the determination in said section provided for shall have 
            been made, or by such successors or substitutes, in case of 
            a vacancy in the board of electors so ascertained, as have 
            been appointed to fill such vacancy in the mode provided by 
            the laws of the State; but in case there shall arise the 
            question which of two or more of such State authorities 
            determining what electors have been appointed, as mentioned 
            in section 5 of this title, is the lawful tribunal of such 
            State, the votes regularly given of those electors, and 
            those only, of such State shall be counted whose title as 
            electors the two Houses, acting separately, shall 
            concurrently decide is supported by the decision of such 
            State so authorized by its law; and in such case of more 
            than one return or paper purporting to be a return from a 
            State, if there shall have been no such determination of the 
            question in the State aforesaid, then those votes, and those 
            only, shall be counted which the two Houses shall 
            concurrently decide were cast by lawful electors appointed 
            in accordance with the laws of the State, unless the two 
            Houses, acting separately, shall concurrently decide such 
            votes not to be the lawful votes of the legally appointed 
            electors of such State. But if the two Houses shall disagree 
            in respect of the counting of such votes, then, and in that 
            case, the votes of the electors whose appointment shall have 
            been certified by the executive of the State, under the seal 
            thereof, shall be counted. When the two Houses have voted, 
            they shall immediately again meet, and the presiding officer 
            shall then announce the decision of the questions submitted. 
            No votes or papers from any other State shall be acted upon 
            until the objections previously made to the votes or papers 
            from any State shall have been finally disposed of.  (June 
            25, 1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 675.)
        415  Sec. 16. Same; seats for officers and Members of two Houses 
                in joint meeting.
                At such joint meeting of the two Houses seats shall be 
            provided as follows: For the President of the Senate, the 
            Speaker's chair; for the Speaker, immediately upon his left; 
            the Senators, in the body of the Hall upon the right of the 
            presiding officer; for the Representatives, in the body of 
            the Hall not provided for the Senators; for the tellers, 
            Secretary of the Senate, and Clerk of the House of 
            Representatives, at the Clerk's desk; for the other officers 
            of the two Houses, in front of the Clerk's desk and upon 
            each side of the Speaker's platform. Such joint meeting 
            shall not be dissolved until the count of electoral votes 
            shall be completed and the result declared; and no recess 
            shall be taken unless a question shall have arisen in regard 
            to counting any such votes, or otherwise under this 
            subchapter, in which case it shall be competent for either 
            House, acting separately, in the manner hereinbefore 
            provided, to direct a recess of such House not beyond the 
            next calendar day, Sunday excepted, at the hour of 10 
            o'clock in the forenoon. But if the counting of the 
            electoral votes and the declaration of the result shall not 
            have been completed before the fifth calendar day next after 
            such first meeting of the two Houses, no further or other 
            recess shall be taken by either House.  (June 25, 1948, ch. 
            644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 676.)
        416  Sec. 17. Same; limit of debate in each House.
                When the two Houses separate to decide upon an objection 
            that may have been made to the counting of any electoral 
            vote or votes from any State, or other question arising in 
            the matter, each Senator and Representative may speak to 
            such objection or question five minutes, and not more than 
            once; but after such debate shall have lasted two hours it 
            shall be the duty of the presiding officer of each House to 
            put the main question without further debate.  (June 25, 
            1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 676.)
        417  Sec. 18. Same; parliamentary procedure at joint meeting.
                While the two Houses shall be in meeting as provided in 
            this chapter, the President of the Senate shall have power 
            to preserve order; and no debate shall be allowed and no 
            question shall be put by the presiding officer except to 
            either House on a motion to withdraw.  (Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 
            1263, Sec. 3, 68 Stat. 1227.)
        418  Sec. 19. Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice 
                President; officers eligible to act.

  

      418.1      (a)(1) If, by reason of death, resignation, removal from 
            office, inability, or failure to qualify, there is neither a 
            President nor Vice President to discharge the powers and 
            duties of the office of President, then the Speaker of the 
            House of Representatives shall, upon his resignation as 
            Speaker and as Representative in Congress, act as President.
                (2) The same rule shall apply in the case of the death, 
            resignation, removal from office, or inability of an 
            individual acting as President under this subsection.
      418.2      (b) If, at the time when under subsection (a) of this 
            section a Speaker is to begin the discharge of the powers 
            and duties of the office of President, there is no Speaker, 
            or the Speaker fails to qualify as Acting President, then 
            the President pro tempore of the Senate shall, upon his 
            resignation as President pro tempore and as Senator, act as 
            President.
      418.3      (c) An individual acting as President under subsection 
            (a) or subsection (b) of this section shall continue to act 
            until the expiration of the then current Presidential term, 
            except that--
                            (1) if his discharge of the powers and 
                        duties of the office is founded in whole or in 
                        part on the failure of both the President-elect 
                        and the Vice-President-elect to qualify, then he 
                        shall act only until a President or Vice 
                        President qualifies; and
                            (2) if his discharge of the powers and 
                        duties of the office is founded in whole or in 
                        part on the inability of the President or Vice 
                        President, then he shall act only until the 
                        removal of the disability of one of such 
                        individuals.
      418.4      (d)(1) If, by reason of death, resignation, removal from 
            office, inability, or failure to qualify, there is no 
            President pro tempore to act as President under subsection 
            (b) of this section, then the officer of the United States 
            who is highest on the following list, and who is not under 
            disability to discharge the powers and duties of the office 
            of President shall act as President: Secretary of State, 
            Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense, Attorney 
            General, Secretary of the Interior, Secretary of 
            Agriculture, Secretary of Commerce, Secretary of Labor, 
            Secretary of Health and Human Services, Secretary of Housing 
            and Urban Development, Secretary of Transportation, 
            Secretary of Energy, Secretary of Education, Secretary of 
            Veterans' Affairs.
                (2) An individual acting as President under this 
            subsection shall continue to do so until the expiration of 
            the then current Presidential term, but not after a 
            qualified and prior-entitled individual is able to act, 
            except that the removal of the disability of an individual 
            higher on the list contained in paragraph (1) of this 
            subsection or the ability to qualify on the part of an 
            individual higher on such list shall not terminate his 
            service.
                (3) The taking of the oath of office by an individual 
            specified in the list in paragraph (1) of this subsection 
            shall be held to constitute his resignation from the office 
            by virtue of the holding of which he qualifies to act as 
            President.
      418.5      (e) Subsections (a), (b), and (d) of this section shall 
            apply only to such officers as are eligible to the office of 
            President under the Constitution. Subsection (d) of this 
            section shall apply only to officers appointed, by and with 
            the advice and consent of the Senate, prior to the time of 
            the death, resignation, removal from office, inability, or 
            failure to qualify, of the President pro tempore, and only 
            to officers not under impeachment by the House of 
            Representatives at the time the powers and duties of the 
            office of President devolve upon them.
      418.6      (f) During the period that any individual acts as 
            President under this section, his compensation shall be at 
            the rate then provided by law in the case of the President.  
            (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 677; Sept. 9, 
            1965, Pub. L. 89-174, Sec. 6(a), 79 Stat. 669; Oct. 15, 
            1966, Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 10(a), 80 Stat. 948; Aug. 12, 
            1970, Pub. L. 91-375, Sec. 6(b), 84 Stat. 775; Aug. 4, 1977, 
            Pub. L. 95-91, Title VII, Sec. 709(g), 91 Stat. 609; Oct. 
            17, 1979, Pub. L. 96-88, Title V, Sec. 508(a), 93 Stat. 692; 
            Oct. 25, 1988, Pub. L. 100-527, Sec. 13(a), 102 Stat. 2643.)
        419  Sec. 20. Resignation or refusal of office.
                The only evidence of a refusal to accept, or of a 
            resignation of the office of President or Vice President, 
            shall be an instrument in writing, declaring the same, and 
            subscribed by the person refusing to accept or resigning, as 
            the case may be, and delivered into the office of the 
            Secretary of State.  (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 
            Stat. 678.)
      419.1  Sec. 21. Definitions.
                As used in this chapter the term--
                            (a) ``State'' includes the District of 
                        Columbia.
                            (b) ``executives of each State'' includes 
                        the Board of Commissioners of the District of 
                        Columbia. (Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87-389, 
                        Sec. 2(a), 75 Stat. 820.)

            
                  Chapter 2.--OFFICE AND COMPENSATION OF PRESIDENT

        420  Sec. 101. Commencement of term of office.
                The term of four years for which a President and Vice 
            President shall be elected, shall, in all cases, commence on 
            the 20th day of January next succeeding the day on which the 
            votes of the electors have been given. (June 25, 1948, ch. 
            644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 678.)
        421  Sec. 104. Salary of the Vice President.
                (a) The per annum rate of salary of the Vice President 
            of the United States shall be the rate determined for such 
            position under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted under this 
            section. Subject to subsection (b), effective at the 
            beginning of the first month in which an adjustment takes 
            effect under section 5303 of title 5 in the rates of pay 
            under the General Schedule, the salary of the Vice President 
            shall be adjusted by an amount, rounded to the nearest 
            multiple of $100 (or if midway between multiples of $100, to 
            the nearest higher multiple of $100), equal to the 
            percentage of such per annum rate which corresponds to the 
            most recent percentage change in the ECI (relative to the 
            date described in the next sentence), as determined under 
            section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. The 
            appropriate date under this sentence is the first day of the 
            fiscal year in which such adjustment in the rates of pay 
            under the General Schedule takes effect.
                (b) In no event shall the percentage adjustment taking 
            effect under the second and third sentences of subsection 
            (a) in any calendar year (before rounding) exceed the 
            percentage adjustment taking effect in such calendar year 
            under section 5303 of title 5 in the rates of pay under the 
            General Schedule. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, 62 Stat. 678; 
            Jan. 19, 1949, ch. 2, Sec. 1(b), 63 Stat. 4; Mar. 2, 1955, 
            ch. 9, Sec. 4(c), 69 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 88-426, Title III, 
            Sec. 304(a), Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 422; Pub. L. 91-67, 
            Sec. 1, Sept. 15, 1969, 83 Stat. 106; Pub. L. 94-82, Title 
            II, Sec. 203, Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 97-257, 
            Title I, Sec. 105(b), Sept. 10, 1982, 96 Stat. 849; Pub. L. 
            101-194, Title VII, Sec. 704(a)(2)(A), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 
            Stat. 1769; Pub. L. 101-509, Title V, Sec. 529 (Title I, 
            Sec. 101(b)(4)(I)), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1440; Pub. 
            L. 103-356, Title I, Sec. 101(2), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 
            3410.)
        422  Sec. 111. Expense allowance of Vice President.
                There shall be paid to the Vice President in equal 
            monthly installments an expense allowance of $10,000 per 
            annum to assist in defraying expenses relating to or 
            resulting from the discharge of his official duties, for 
            which no accounting, other than for income tax purposes, 
            shall be made by him. (Jan. 19, 1949 ch. 2, Sec. 1(c), 63 
            Stat. 4; Oct. 20, 1951, ch. 521, Sec. 619(b), 65 Stat. 570.)

                               4 u.s.c.--flag and seal

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

             TITLE 4.--FLAG AND SEAL, SEAT OF GOVERNMENT, AND THE STATES

            
                               Chapter 4.--THE STATES

        425  Sec. 113. Residence of Members of Congress for State income 
                tax laws.
                (a) No State, or political subdivision thereof, in which 
            a Member of Congress maintains a place of abode for purposes 
            of attending sessions of Congress may, for purposes of any 
            income tax (as defined in section 110(c) of this title) 
            levied by such State or political subdivision thereof--
                            (1) treat such Member as a resident or 
                        domiciliary of such State or political 
                        subdivision thereof; or
                            (2) treat any compensation paid by the 
                        United States to such Member as income for 
                        services performed within, or from sources 
                        within, such State or political subdivision 
                        thereof,

            unless such Member represents such State or a district in 
            such State.

                (b) For purposes of subsection (a)--
                            (1) the term ``Member of Congress'' includes 
                        the delegates from the District of Columbia, 
                        Guam, and the Virgin Islands, and the Resident 
                        Commissioner from Puerto Rico; and
                            (2) the term ``State'' includes the District 
                        of Columbia.

            (Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 106, 101 Stat. 1329-
            433.)
                           5 u.s.c.--executive departments

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                   TITLE 5.--GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES

            
                Chapter 8.--CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW OF AGENCY RULEMAKING

      429.1  Sec. 801. Congressional review.
                (a)(1)(A) Before a rule can take effect, the Federal 
            agency promulgating such rule shall submit to each House of 
            the Congress and the Comptroller General a report 
            containing--
                            (i) a copy of the rule;
                            (ii) a concise general statement relating to 
                        the rule, including whether it is a major rule; 
                        and
                            (iii) the proposed effective date of the 
                        rule.
                (B) On the date of the submission of the report under 
            subparagraph (A), the Federal agency promulgating the rule 
            shall submit to the Comptroller General and make available 
            to each House of Congress--
                            (i) a complete copy of the cost-benefit 
                        analysis of the rule, if any;
                            (ii) the agency's actions relevant to 
                        sections 603, 604, 605, 607, and 609;
                            (iii) the agency's actions relevant to 
                        sections 202, 203, 204, and 205 of the Unfunded 
                        Mandates Reform Act of 1995; and
                            (iv) any other relevant information or 
                        requirements under any other Act and any 
                        relevant Executive orders.
                (C) Upon receipt of a report submitted under 
            subparagraph (A), each House shall provide copies of the 
            report to the chairman and ranking member of each standing 
            committee with jurisdiction under the rules of the House of 
            Representatives or the Senate to report a bill to amend the 
            provision of law under which the rule is issued.
                (2)(A) The Comptroller General shall provide a report on 
            each major rule to the committees of jurisdiction in each 
            House of the Congress by the end of 15 calendar days after 
            the submission or publication date as provided in section 
            802(b)(2). The report of the Comptroller General shall 
            include an assessment of the agency's compliance with 
            procedural steps required by paragraph (1)(B).
                (B) Federal agencies shall cooperate with the 
            Comptroller General by providing information relevant to the 
            Comptroller General's report under subparagraph (A).
                (3) A major rule relating to a report submitted under 
            paragraph (1) shall take effect on the latest of--
                            (A) the later of the date occurring 60 days 
                        after the date on which--

                                (i) the Congress receives the report 
                            submitted under paragraph (1); or

                                (ii) the rule is published in the 
                            Federal Register, if so published;

                            (B) if the Congress passes a joint 
                        resolution of disapproval described in section 
                        802 relating to the rule, and the President 
                        signs a veto of such resolution, the earlier 
                        date--

                                (i) on which either House of Congress 
                            votes and fails to override the veto of the 
                            President; or

                                (ii) occurring 30 session days after the 
                            date on which the Congress received the veto 
                            and objections of the President; or

                            (C) the date of rule would have otherwise 
                        taken effect, if not for this section (unless a 
                        joint resolution of disapproval under section 
                        802 is enacted).
                (4) Except for a major rule, a rule shall take effect as 
            otherwise provided by law after submission to Congress under 
            paragraph (1).
                (5) Notwithstanding paragraph (3), the effective date of 
            a rule shall not be delayed by operation of this chapter 
            beyond the date on which either House of Congress votes to 
            reject a joint resolution of disapproval under section 802.
                (b)(1) A rule shall not take effect (or continue), if 
            the Congress enacts a joint resolution of disapproval, 
            described under section 802, of the rule.
                (2) A rule that does not take effect (or does not 
            continue) under paragraph (1) may not be reissued in 
            substantially the same form, and a new rule that is 
            substantially the same as such a rule may not be issued, 
            unless the reissued or new rule is specifically authorized 
            by a law enacted after the date of the joint resolution 
            disapproving the original rule.
                (c)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
            section (except subject to paragraph (3)), a rule that would 
            not take effect by reason of subsection (a)(3) may take 
            effect, if the President makes a determination under 
            paragraph (2) and submits written notice of such 
            determination to the Congress.
                (2) Paragraph (1) applies to a determination made by the 
            President by Executive order that the rule should take 
            effect because such rule is--
                            (A) necessary because of an imminent threat 
                        to health or safety or other emergency;
                            (B) necessary for the enforcement of 
                        criminal laws;
                            (C) necessary for national security; or
                            (D) issued pursuant to any statute 
                        implementing an international trade agreement.
                (3) An exercise by the President of the authority under 
            this subsection shall have no effect on the procedures under 
            section 802 or the effect of a joint resolution of 
            disapproval under this section.
                (d)(1) In addition to the opportunity for review 
            otherwise provided under this chapter, in the case of any 
            rule for which a report was submitted in accordance with 
            subsection (a)(1)(A) during the period beginning on the date 
            occurring--
                            (A) in the case of the Senate; 60 session 
                        days, or
                            (B) in the case of the House of 
                        Representatives; 60 legislative days,

            before the date the Congress adjourns a session of Congress 
            through the date on which the same or succeeding Congress 
            first convenes its next session, section 802 shall apply to 
            such rule in the succeeding session of Congress.

                (2)(A) In applying section 802 for purposes of such 
            additional review, a rule described under paragraph (1) 
            shall be treated as though--
                            (i) such rule were published in the Federal 
                        Register (as a rule that shall take effect) on--

                                (I) in the case of the Senate, the 15th 
                            session day, or

                                (II) in the case of the House of 
                            Representatives, the 15th legislative day, 
                            after the succeeding session of Congress 
                            first convenes; and

                            (ii) a report on such rule were submitted to 
                        Congress under subsection (a)(1) on such date.
                (B) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to 
            affect the requirement under subsection (a)(1) that a report 
            shall be submitted to Congress before a rule can take 
            effect.
                (3) A rule described under paragraph (1) shall take 
            effect as otherwise provided by law (including other 
            subsections of this section).
                (e)(1) For purposes of this subsection, section 802 
            shall also apply to any major rule promulgated between March 
            1, 1996, and the date of the enactment of this chapter.
                (2) In applying section 802 for purposes of 
            Congressional review, a rule described under paragraph (1) 
            shall be treated as though--
                            (A) such rule were published in the Federal 
                        Register on the date of enactment of this 
                        chapter; and
                            (B) a report on such rule were submitted to 
                        Congress under subsection (a)(1) on such date.
                (3) The effectiveness of a rule described under 
            paragraph (1) shall be as otherwise provided by law, unless 
            the rule is made of no force or effect under section 802.
                (f) Any rule that takes effect and later is made of no 
            force or effect by enactment of a joint resolution under 
            section 802 shall be treated as though such rule had never 
            taken effect.
                (g) If the Congress does not enact a joint resolution of 
            disapproval under section 802 respecting a rule, no court or 
            agency may infer any intent of the Congress from any action 
            or inaction of the Congress with regard to such rule, 
            related statute, or joint resolution of disapproval.

            (Added Pub. L. 104-121, Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 868.)

      429.2  Sec. 802. Congressional disapproval procedure.
                (a) For purposes of this section, the term ``joint 
            resolution'' means only a joint resolution introduced in the 
            period beginning on the date on which the report referred to 
            in section 801(a)(1)(A) is received by Congress and ending 
            60 days thereafter (excluding days either House of Congress 
            is adjourned for more than 3 days during a session of 
            Congress), the matter after the resolving clause of which is 
            as follows: ``That Congress disapproves the rule submitted 
            by the __________ relating to __________, and such rule 
            shall have no force or effect.'' (The blank spaces being 
            appropriately filled in).
                (b)(1) A joint resolution described in subsection (a) 
            shall be referred to the committees in each House of 
            Congress with jurisdiction.
                (2) For purposes of this section, the term ``submission 
            or publication date'' means the later of the date on which--
                            (A) the Congress receives the report 
                        submitted under section 801(a)(1); or
                            (B) the rule is published in the Federal 
                        Register, if so published.
                (c) In the Senate, if the committee to which is referred 
            a joint resolution described in subsection (a) has not 
            reported such joint resolution (or an identical joint 
            resolution) at the end of 20 calendar days after the 
            submission or publication date defined under subsection 
            (b)(2), such committee may be discharged from further 
            consideration of such joint resolution upon a petition 
            supported in writing by 30 Members of the Senate, and such 
            joint resolution shall be placed on the calendar.
                (d)(1) In the Senate, when the committee to which a 
            joint resolution is referred has reported, or when a 
            committee is discharged (under subsection (c)) from further 
            consideration of a joint resolution described in subsection 
            (a), it is at any time thereafter in order (even though a 
            previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) 
            for a motion to proceed to the consideration of the joint 
            resolution, and all points of order against the joint 
            resolution (and against consideration of the joint 
            resolution) are waived. The motion is not subject to 
            amendment, or to a motion to postpone, or to a motion to 
            proceed to the consideration of other business. A motion to 
            reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or 
            disagreed to shall not be in order. If a motion to proceed 
            to the consideration of the joint resolution is agreed to, 
            the joint resolution shall remain the unfinished business of 
            the Senate until disposed of.
                (2) In the Senate, debate on the joint resolution, and 
            on all debatable motions and appeals in connection 
            therewith, shall be limited to not more than 10 hours, which 
            shall be divided equally between those favoring and those 
            opposing the joint resolution. A motion further to limit 
            debate is in order and not debatable. An amendment to, or a 
            motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the 
            consideration of other business, or a motion to recommit the 
            joint resolution is not in order.
                (3) In the Senate, immediately following the conclusion 
            of the debate on a joint resolution described in subsection 
            (a), and a single quorum call at the conclusion of the 
            debate if requested in accordance with the rules of the 
            Senate, the vote on final passage of the joint resolution 
            shall occur.
                (4) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to 
            the application of the rules of the Senate to the procedure 
            relating to a joint resolution described in subsection (a) 
            shall be decided without debate.
                (e) In the Senate the procedure specified in subsection 
            (c) or (d) shall not apply to the consideration of a joint 
            resolution respecting a rule--
                            (1) after the expiration of the 60 session 
                        days beginning with the applicable submission or 
                        publication date, or
                            (2) if the report under section 801(a)(1)(A) 
                        was submitted during the period referred to in 
                        section 801(d)(1), after the expiration of the 
                        60 session days beginning on the 15th session 
                        day after the succeeding session of Congress 
                        first convenes.
                (f) If, before the passage by one House of a joint 
            resolution of that House described in subsection (a), that 
            House receives from the other House a joint resolution 
            described in subsection (a), then the following procedures 
            shall apply:
                            (1) The joint resolution of the other House 
                        shall not be referred to a committee.
                            (2) With respect to a joint resolution 
                        described in subsection (a) of the House 
                        receiving the joint resolution--

                                (A) the procedure in that House shall be 
                            the same as if no joint resolution had been 
                            received from the other House; but

                                (B) the vote on final passage shall be 
                            on the joint resolution of the other House.

                (g) This section is enacted by Congress--
                            (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power 
                        of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
                        respectively, and as such it is deemed a part of 
                        the rules of each House, respectively, but 
                        applicable only with respect to the procedure to 
                        be followed in that House in the case of a joint 
                        resolution described in subsection (a), and it 
                        supersedes other rules only to the extent that 
                        it is inconsistent with such rules; and
                            (2) with full recognition of the 
                        constitutional right of either House to change 
                        the rules (so far as relating to the procedure 
                        of that House) at any time, in the same manner, 
                        and to the same extent as in the case of any 
                        other rule of that House.

            (Added Pub. L. 104-121, Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 871.)

      429.3  Sec. 803. Special rule on statutory, regulatory, and 
                judicial deadlines.
                (a) In the case of any deadline for, relating to, or 
            involving any rule which does not take effect (or the 
            effectiveness of which is terminated) because of enactment 
            of a joint resolution under section 802, that deadline is 
            extended until the date 1 year after the date of enactment 
            of the joint resolution. Nothing in this subsection shall be 
            construed to affect a deadline merely by reason of the 
            postponement of a rule's effective date under section 
            801(a).
                (b) The term ``deadline'' means any date certain for 
            fulfilling any obligation or exercising any authority 
            established by or under any Federal statute or regulation, 
            or by or under any court order implementing any Federal 
            statute or regulation.

            (Added Pub. L. 104-121, Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 873.)

      429.4  Sec. 804. Definitions.
                For purposes of this chapter--
                            (1) The term ``Federal agency'' means any 
                        agency as that term is defined in section 
                        551(1).
                            (2) The term ``major rule'' means any rule 
                        that the Administrator of the Office of 
                        Information and Regulatory Affairs of the Office 
                        of Management and Budget finds has resulted in 
                        or is likely to result in--

                                (A) an annual effect on the economy of 
                            $100,000,000 or more;

                                (B) a major increase in costs or prices 
                            for consumers, individual industries, 
                            Federal, State, or local government 
                            agencies, or geographic regions; or

                                (C) significant adverse effects on 
                            competition, employment, investment, 
                            productivity, innovation, or on the ability 
                            of United States-based enterprises to 
                            compete with foreign-based enterprises in 
                            domestic and export markets.

            The term does not include any rule promulgated under the 
            Telecommunications Act of 1996 and the amendments made by 
            that Act.

                            (3) The term ``rule'' has the meaning given 
                        such term in section 551, except that such term 
                        does not include--

                                (A) any rule of particular 
                            applicability, including a rule that 
                            approves or prescribes for the future rates, 
                            wages, prices, services, or allowances 
                            therefor, corporate or financial structures, 
                            reorganizations, mergers, or acquisitions 
                            thereof, or accounting practices or 
                            disclosures bearing on any of the foregoing; 
                            thereof, or accounting practices or 
                            disclosures bearing on any of the foregoing;

                                (B) any rule relating to agency 
                            management or personnel; or

                                (C) any rule of agency organization, 
                            procedure, or practice that does not 
                            substantially affect the rights or 
                            obligations of non-agency parties.

            (Added Pub. L. 104-121, Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 873.)

      429.5  Sec. 805. Judicial review.
                No determination, finding, action, or omission under 
            this chapter shall be subject to judicial review.

            (Added Pub. L. 104-121, Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 873.)

      429.6  Sec. 806. Applicability; severability.
                (a) This chapter shall apply notwithstanding any other 
            provisions of law.
                (b) If any provision of this chapter or the application 
            of any provision of this chapter to any person or 
            circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such 
            provision to other persons or circumstances, and the 
            remainder of this chapter, shall not be affected thereby.

            (Added Pub. L. 104-121, Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 873.)

      429.7  Sec. 807. Exemption for monetary policy.
                Nothing in this chapter shall apply to rules that 
            concern monetary policy proposed or implemented by the Board 
            of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the Federal 
            Open Market Committee.

            (Added Pub. L. 104-121, Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 874.)

      429.8  Sec. 808. Effective date of certain rules.
                Notwithstanding section 801--
                            (1) any rule that establishes, modifies, 
                        opens, closes, or conducts a regulatory program 
                        for a commercial, recreational, or subsistence 
                        activity related to hunting, fishing, or 
                        camping, or
                            (2) any rule which an agency for good cause 
                        finds (and incorporates the finding and a brief 
                        statement of reasons therefor in the rule 
                        issued) that notice and public procedure thereon 
                        are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to 
                        the public interest,

            shall take effect at such time as the Federal agency 
            promulgating the rule determines.

            (Added Pub. L. 104-121, Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 874.)

            
                Chapter 29.--COMMISSIONS, OATHS, RECORDS, AND REPORTS

            
                   Subchapter I.--Commissions, Oaths, and Records

        430  Sec. 2905. Oath; renewal.\1\
                \1\ For text of oath to be taken by employees of the 
                Senate and House of Representatives, see section 3331 of 
                title 5, United States Code (not included herein).

                                    * * * * * * *

                (b) An individual who, on appointment, as an employee of 
            a House of Congress, subscribed to the oath of office 
            required by section 3331 of this title is not required to 
            renew the oath so long as his service as an employee of that 
            House of Congress is continuous. (Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89-
            554, 80 Stat. 412.)
            
                               Subchapter II.--Reports

        431  Sec. 2954. Information to committees of Congress on request.
                An Executive agency, on request of the Committee on 
            Government Operations of the House of Representatives, or of 
            any seven members thereof, or on request of the Committee on 
            Governmental Affairs of the Senate, or any five members 
            thereof, shall submit any information requested of it 
            relating to any matter within the jurisdiction of the 
            committee. (Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89-554, 80 Stat. 413; 
            Nov. 2, 1994, Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 3(b), 108 Stat. 4581.)

            
                        Chapter 31.--AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT

      431.1  Sec. 3110. Employment of relatives; restrictions.
                (a) For the purpose of this section--
                            (1) ``agency'' means--

                                (A) an Executive agency;

                                (B) an office, agency, or other 
                            establishment in the legislative branch;

                                (C) an office, agency, or other 
                            establishment in the judicial branch; and

                                (D) the government of the District of 
                            Columbia;

                            (2) ``public official'' means an officer 
                        (including the President and a Member of 
                        Congress), a member of the uniformed service, 
                        and employee and any other individual, in whom 
                        is vested the authority by law, rule, or 
                        regulation, or to whom the authority has been 
                        delegated, to appoint, employ, promote, or 
                        advance individuals, or to recommend individuals 
                        for appointment, employment, promotion, or 
                        advancement, in connection with employment in an 
                        agency; and
                            (3) ``relative'' means, with respect to a 
                        public official, an individual who is related to 
                        the public official as father, mother, son, 
                        daughter, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, first 
                        cousin, nephew, niece, husband, wife, father-in-
                        law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, 
                        brother-in-law, sister-in-law, stepfather, 
                        stepmother, stepson, stepdaughter, stepbrother, 
                        stepsister, half brother, or half sister.
                (b) A public official may not appoint, employ, promote, 
            advance, or advocate for appointment, employment, promotion, 
            or advancement, in or to a civilian position in the agency 
            in which he is serving or over which he exercises 
            jurisdiction or control any individual who is a relative of 
            the public official. An individual may not be appointed, 
            employed, promoted, or advanced in or to a civilian position 
            in an agency if such appointment, employment, promotion, or 
            advancement has been advocated by a public official, serving 
            in or exercising jurisdiction or control over the agency, 
            who is a relative of the individual.
                (c) An individual appointed, employed, promoted, or 
            advanced in violation of this section is not entitled to 
            pay, and money may not be paid from the Treasury as pay to 
            an individual so appointed, employed, promoted, or advanced.
                (d) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe 
            regulations authorizing the temporary employment, in the 
            event of emergencies resulting from natural disasters or 
            similar unforeseen events or circumstances, of individuals 
            whose employment would otherwise be prohibited by this 
            section.
                (e) This section shall not be construed to prohibit the 
            appointment of an individual who is a preference eligible in 
            any case in which the passing over of that individual on a 
            certificate of eligibles furnished under section 3317(a) of 
            this title will result in the selection for appointment of 
            an individual who is not a preference eligible. (Dec. 16, 
            1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 221(a), 81 Stat. 640; Oct. 13, 
            1978, Pub. L. 95-454, Sec. 906(a)(2), 92 Stat. 1224.)

            
                 Chapter 33.--EXAMINATION, SELECTION, AND PLACEMENT

            
                           Subchapter II.--Oath of Office

        432  Sec. 3333. Employee affidavit; loyalty and striking against 
                the Government.
                (a) Except as provided by subsection (b) of this 
            section, an individual who accepts office or employment in 
            the Government of the United States or in the government of 
            the District of Columbia shall execute an affidavit within 
            60 days after accepting the office or employment that his 
            acceptance and holding of the office or employment does not 
            or will not violate section 7311 of this title. The 
            affidavit is prima facie evidence that the acceptance and 
            holding of office or employment by the affiant does not or 
            will not violate section 7311 of this title.
                (b) An affidavit is not required from an individual 
            employed by the Government of the United States or the 
            government of the District of Columbia for less than 60 days 
            for sudden emergency work involving the loss of human life 
            or the destruction of property. This subsection does not 
            relieve an individual from liability for violation of 
            section 7311 of this title. (Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89-554, 
            80 Stat. 424.)

            
                           Chapter 55.--PAY ADMINISTRATION

            
                          Subchapter I.--General Provisions

        433  Sec. 5503. Recess appointments.\1\
                (a) Payment for services may not be made from the 
            Treasury of the United States to an individual appointed 
            during a recess of the Senate to fill a vacancy in an 
            existing office, if the vacancy existed while the Senate was 
            in session and was by law required to be filled by and with 
            the advice and consent of the Senate, until the appointee 
            has been confirmed by the Senate. This subsection does not 
            apply--
                \1\ For proceedings on nominations see rule XXXI of the 
                Standing Rules of the Senate (Senate Manual section 31).
                            (1) if the vacancy arose within 30 days 
                        before the end of the session of the Senate;
                            (2) if, at the end of the session, a 
                        nomination for the office, other than the 
                        nomination of an individual appointed during the 
                        preceding recess of the Senate, was pending 
                        before the Senate for its advice and consent; or
                            (3) if a nomination for the office was 
                        rejected by the Senate within 30 days before the 
                        end of the session and an individual other than 
                        the one whose nomination was rejected thereafter 
                        receives a recess appointment.
                (b) A nomination to fill a vacancy referred to by 
            paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a) of this section 
            shall be submitted to the Senate not later than 40 days 
            after the beginning of the next session of the Senate. 
            (Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89-554, 80 Stat. 475.)
            
                    Subchapter IV.--Dual Pay and Dual Employment

      433.1  Sec. 5531. Definitions.
                For the purpose of sections 5532 and 5533 of this 
            title--
                (1) ``member'' has the meaning given such term by 
            section 101(23) of title 37;
                (2) ``position'' means a civilian office or position 
            (including a temporary, part-time, or intermittent 
            position), appointive or elective, in the legislative, 
            executive, or judicial branch of the Government of the 
            United States (including a Government corporation and a 
            nonappropriated fund instrumentality under the jurisdiction 
            of the armed forces) or in the government of the District of 
            Columbia;
                (3) ``retired or retainer pay'' means retired pay, as 
            defined in section 8311(3) of this title, determined without 
            regard to subparagraphs (B) through (D) of such section 
            8311(3); except that such term does not include an annuity 
            payable to an eligible beneficiary of a member or former 
            member of a uniformed service under chapter 73 of title 10;
                (4) ``agency in the legislative branch'' means the 
            General Accounting Office, the Government Printing Office, 
            the Library of Congress, the Office of Technology 
            Assessment, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the 
            United States Botanic Garden, and the Congressional Budget 
            Office;
                (5) ``employee of the House of Representatives'' means a 
            congressional employee whose pay is disbursed by the Chief 
            Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives;
                (6) ``employee of the Senate'' means a congressional 
            employee whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the 
            Senate; and
                (7) ``congressional employee'' has the meaning given 
            that term by section 2107 of this title, excluding an 
            employee of an agency in the legislative branch. (Dec. 5, 
            1991; Pub. L. 102-290; 105 Stat. 1391; Pub. L. 104-186, 
            Title II, Sec. 215(6), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1745.)
      433.2  Sec. 5532. Repealed. Pub. L. 106-65, Title VI, 
                Sec. 651(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 664.

                                    * * * * * * *

      433.3  Sec. 5533. Dual pay from more than one position; 
                limitations; exceptions.

                                    * * * * * * *

                (c)(1) Unless otherwise authorized by law and except as 
            otherwise provided by paragraph (2) or (4) of this 
            subsection, appropriated funds are not available for payment 
            to an individual of pay from more than one position if the 
            pay of one of the positions is paid by the Secretary of the 
            Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of 
            Representatives, or one of the positions is under the Office 
            of the Architect of the Capitol, and if the aggregate gross 
            pay from the positions exceeds $7,724 a year ($10,540,\1\ in 
            the case of pay disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate).
                \1\ Effective January 1, 2000, for individuals whose pay 
                is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate, the figure 
                is ``$25,362''. (Dec. 18, 1998, Order of the President 
                pro tempore, pursuant to Act Jan. 8, 1971, Pub. L. 91-
                656, Sec. 4, 84 Stat. 1952.)
                (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of this subsection, 
            appropriated funds are not available for payment to an 
            individual of pay from more than one position, for each of 
            which the pay is disbursed by the Chief Administrative 
            Officer of the House of Representatives, if the aggregate 
            gross pay from those positions exceeds the maximum per annum 
            gross rate of pay authorized to be paid to an employee out 
            of the clerk hire allowance of a Member of the House.
                (3) For the purposes of this subsection, ``gross pay'' 
            means the annual rate of pay (or equivalent thereof in the 
            case of an individual paid on other than an annual basis) 
            received by an individual.
                (4) Paragraph (1) of this subsection does not apply to 
            pay on a when-actually-employed basis received from more 
            than one consultant or expert position if the pay is not 
            received for the same day. (Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89-554, 
            80 Stat. 483; July 28, 1967, Pub. L. 90-57, Sec. 105(h), 81 
            Stat. 143; Dec. 16, 1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 214(o), 81 
            Stat. 637; June 12, 1968, Order of President pro tempore, 
            Cong. Rec. Vol. 114, p. S7074 (June 12, 1968, daily ed.), 
            pursuant to Act Dec. 16, 1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 214(o), 
            81 Stat. 637; Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-510, Sec. 477, 84 
            Stat. 1195; Nov. 1, 1973, Pub. L. 93-145, Sec. 101, 87 Stat. 
            532; Oct. 1, 1976, Pub. L. 94-440, Sec. 103, 90 Stat. 1443; 
            Pub. L. 95-454, Title IX, Sec. 906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 
            Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96-70, Title III, Sec. 3302(e)(8), Sept. 
            27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
            Sec. 215(7), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1745.)

            
                Chapter 57.--TRAVEL, TRANSPORTATION, AND SUBSISTENCE

      433.4  Sec. 5702. Per diem; employees traveling on official 
                business.
                (a)(1) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to section 
            5707 of this title, an employee when traveling on official 
            business away from the employee's designated post of duty, 
            or away from the employee's home or regular place of 
            business (if the employee is described in section 5703 of 
            this title), is entitled to any one of the following:
                            (A) a per diem allowance at a rate not to 
                        exceed that established by the Administrator of 
                        General Services for travel within the 
                        continental United States, and by the President 
                        or his designee for travel outside the 
                        continental United States;
                            (B) reimbursement for the actual and 
                        necessary expenses of official travel not to 
                        exceed an amount established by the 
                        Administrator for travel within the continental 
                        United States or an amount established by the 
                        President or his designee for travel outside the 
                        continental United States; or
                            (C) a combination of payments described in 
                        subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph.
                (2) Any per diem allowance or maximum amount of 
            reimbursement shall be established to the extent feasible, 
            by locality.
                (3) For travel consuming less than a full day, the 
            payment prescribed by regulation shall be allocated in such 
            manner as the Administrator may prescribe.
                (b)(1) Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 
            of this title, an employee who is described in subsection 
            (a) of this section and who abandons the travel assignment 
            prior to its completion--
                            (A) because of an incapacitating illness or 
                        injury which is not due to the employee's own 
                        misconduct is entitled to reimbursement for 
                        expenses of transportation to the employee's 
                        designated post of duty, or home or regular 
                        place of business, as the case may be, and to 
                        payments pursuant to subsection (a) of this 
                        section until that location is reached; or
                            (B) because of a personal emergency 
                        situation (such as serious illness, injury, or 
                        death of a member of the employee's family, or 
                        an emergency situation such as fire, flood, or 
                        act of God), may be allowed, with the approval 
                        of an appropriate official of the agency 
                        concerned, reimbursement for expenses of 
                        transportation to the employee's designated post 
                        of duty, or home or regular place of business, 
                        as the case may be, and payments pursuant to 
                        subsection (a) of this section until that 
                        location is reached.
                (2)(A) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to section 
            5707 of this title, an employee who is described in 
            subsection (a) of this section and who, with the approval of 
            an appropriate official of the agency concerned, interrupts 
            the travel assignment prior to its completion for a reason 
            specified in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) of 
            this subsection, may be allowed (subject to the limitation 
            provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph)--
                            (i) reimbursement for expenses of 
                        transportation to the location where necessary 
                        medical services are provided or the emergency 
                        situation exists,
                            (ii) payments pursuant to subsection (a) of 
                        this section until that location is reached, and
                            (iii) such reimbursement and payments for 
                        return to such assignment.
                (B) The reimbursement which an employee may be allowed 
            pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall be the 
            employee's actual costs of transportation to the location 
            where necessary medical services are provided or the 
            emergency exists, and return to assignment from such 
            location, less the costs of transportation which the 
            employee would have incurred had such travel begun and ended 
            at the employee's designated post of duty or home or regular 
            place of business, as the case may be. The payments which an 
            employee may be allowed pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this 
            paragraph shall be based on the additional time (if any) 
            which was required for the employee's transportation as a 
            consequence of the transportation's having begun and ended 
            at a location on the travel assignment (rather than at the 
            employee's designated post of duty, or home or regular place 
            of business, as the case may be).
                (3) Subject to the limitations contained in regulations 
            prescribed pursuant to section 5707 of this title, an 
            employee who is described in subsection (a) of this section 
            and who interrupts the travel assignment prior to its 
            completion because of an incapacitating illness or injury 
            which is not due to the employee's own misconduct is 
            entitled to payments pursuant to subsection (a) of this 
            section at the location where the interruption occurred.
                (c) This section does not apply to a justice or judge, 
            except to the extent provided by section 456 of title 28. 
            (Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89-554, 80 Stat. 498; Nov. 10, 1969, 
            Pub. L. 91-114, Sec. 1, 83 Stat. 190; May 19, 1975, Pub. L. 
            94-22, Sec. 3, 89 Stat. 84; Aug. 14, 1979, Pub. L. 96-54, 
            Sec. 2(a)(36), 93 Stat. 383; Sept. 10, 1980, Pub. L. 96-346, 
            Sec. 1, 94 Stat. 1148; Pub. L. 99-234, Sec. 102, Jan. 2, 
            1986, 99 Stat. 1756; Pub. L. 102-378, Sec. 2(47), Oct. 2, 
            1992, 106 Stat. 1353.)
      433.5  Sec. 5704. Mileage and related allowances.
                (a)(1) Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 
            of this title, an employee who is engaged on official 
            business for the Government is entitled to a rate per mile 
            established by the Administrator of General Services, 
            instead of the actual expenses of transportation, for the 
            use of a privately owned automobile when that mode of 
            transportation is authorized or approved as more 
            advantageous to the Government. In any year in which the 
            Internal Revenue Service establishes a single standard 
            mileage rate for optional use by taxpayers in computing the 
            deductible costs of operating their automobiles for business 
            purposes, the rate per mile established by the Administrator 
            shall not exceed the single standard mileage rate 
            established by the Internal Revenue Service.
                (2) Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of 
            this title, an employee who is engaged on official business 
            for the Government is entitled to a rate per mile 
            established by the Administrator of General Services, 
            instead of the actual expenses of transportation, for the 
            use of privately owned airplane or a privately owned 
            motorcycle when that mode of transportation is authorized or 
            approved as more advantageous to the Government.
                (b) A determination that travel by a privately owned 
            vehicle is more advantageous to the Government is not 
            required under subsection (a) of this section when payment 
            on a mileage basis is limited to the cost of travel by 
            common carrier including per diem.
                (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) 
            and (b) of this section, in any case in which an employee 
            who is engaged on official business for the Government 
            chooses to use a privately owned vehicle in lieu of a 
            Government vehicle, payment on a mileage basis is limited to 
            the cost of travel by a Government vehicle.
                (d) In addition to the rate per mile authorized under 
            subsection (a) of this section, the employee may be 
            reimbursed for--
                            (1) parking fees;
                            (2) ferry fees;
                            (3) bridge, road, and tunnel costs; and
                            (4) airplane landing and tie-down fees.

            (Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89-554, 80 Stat. 499; May 19, 1975, 
            Pub. L. 94-22, Sec. 5, 89 Stat. 85; Sept. 10, 1980, Pub. L. 
            96-346, Sec. 2, 94 Stat. 1148; Sept. 30, 1994, Pub. L. 103-
            329, Title VI, Sec. 634(a), 108 Stat. 2428.)

      433.6  Sec. 5706. Allowable travel expenses.
                Except as otherwise permitted by this subchapter or by 
            statutes relating to members of the uniformed services, only 
            actual and necessary travel expenses may be allowed to an 
            individual holding employment or appointment under the 
            United States. (Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89-554, 80 Stat. 
            500.)
      433.7  Sec. 5708. Effect on other statutes.
                This subchapter does not modify or repeal--

                                    * * * * * * *

                                (2) any statute providing for mileage 
                            allowances for Members of Congress;

                                (3) any statute fixing or permitting 
                            rates higher than the maximum rates 
                            established under this subchapter; or

                                (4) any appropriation statute item for 
                            examination of estimates in the field. 
                            (Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89-554, 80 Stat. 
                            500.)

      433.8  Sec. 5742. Transportation of remains, dependents, and 
                effects; death occurring away from official station or 
                abroad.
                (a) For the purpose of this section, ``agency'' means--

                                    * * * * * * *

                            (3) an agency in the legislative branch; and 
                        . . . .
                (b) When an employee dies, the head of the agency 
            concerned, under the regulations prescribed by the President 
            and, except as otherwise provided by law, may pay from 
            appropriations available for the activity in which the 
            employee was engaged--
                            (1) the expense of preparing and 
                        transporting the remains to the home or official 
                        station of the employee, or such other place 
                        appropriate for interment as is determined by 
                        the head of the agency concerned, if death 
                        occurred while the employee was in a travel 
                        status away from his official station in the 
                        United States or while performing official 
                        duties outside the United States or in transit 
                        thereto or therefrom; and
                            (2) the expense of transporting his 
                        dependents, including expenses of packing, 
                        crating, draying, and transporting household 
                        effects and other personal property to his 
                        former home or such other place as is determined 
                        by the head of the agency concerned, if death 
                        occurred while the employee was performing 
                        official duties outside the United States or in 
                        transit thereto or therefrom. (Sept. 6, 1966, 
                        Pub. L. 89-554, 80 Stat. 507.)

            
                   Chapter 73.--SUITABILITY, SECURITY, AND CONDUCT

            
                       Subchapter II.--Employment Limitations

        434  Sec. 7311. Loyalty and striking.
                An individual may not accept or hold a position in the 
            Government of the United States or the government of the 
            District of Columbia if he--
                            (1) advocates the overthrow of our 
                        constitutional form of government;
                            (2) is a member of an organization that he 
                        knows advocates the overthrow of our 
                        constitutional form of government;
                            (3) participates in a strike, or asserts the 
                        right to strike, against the Government of the 
                        United States or the government of the District 
                        of Columbia; or
                            (4) is a member of an organization of 
                        employees of the Government of the United States 
                        or of individuals employed by the government of 
                        the District of Columbia that he knows asserts 
                        the right to strike against the Government of 
                        the United States or the government of the 
                        District of Columbia. (Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 
                        89-554, 80 Stat. 524.)

            
                    Subchapter IV.--Foreign Gifts and Decorations

      434.5  Sec. 7342. Receipt and disposition of foreign gifts and 
                decorations.
                (a) For the purpose of this section--
                            (1) ``employee'' means--

                                (A) an employee as defined by section 
                            2105 of this title and an officer or 
                            employee of the United States Postal Service 
                            or of the Postal Rate Commission;

                                (B) an expert or consultant who is under 
                            contract under section 3109 of this title 
                            with the United States or any agency, 
                            department, or establishment thereof, 
                            including, in the case of an organization 
                            performing services under such section, any 
                            individual involved in the performance of 
                            such services;

                                (C) an individual employed by, or 
                            occupying an office or position in, the 
                            government of a territory or possession of 
                            the United States or the government of the 
                            District of Columbia;

                                (D) a member of a uniformed service;

                                (E) the President and the Vice 
                            President;

                                (F) a Member of Congress as defined by 
                            section 2106 of this title (except the Vice 
                            President) and any Delegate to the Congress; 
                            and

                                (G) the spouse of an individual 
                            described in subparagraphs (A) through (F) 
                            (unless such individual and his or her 
                            spouse are separated) or a dependent (within 
                            the meaning of section 152 of the Internal 
                            Revenue Code of 1986) of such an individual, 
                            other than a spouse or dependent who is an 
                            employee under subparagraphs (A) through 
                            (F);

                            (2) ``foreign government'' means--

                                (A) any unit of foreign governmental 
                            authority, including any foreign national, 
                            State, local, and municipal government;

                                (B) any international or multinational 
                            organization whose membership is composed of 
                            any unit of foreign government described in 
                            subparagraph (A); and

                                (C) any agent or representative of any 
                            such unit or such organization, while acting 
                            as such;

                            (3) ``gift'' means a tangible or intangible 
                        present (other than a decoration) tendered by, 
                        or received from, a foreign government;
                            (4) ``decoration'' means an order, device, 
                        medal, badge, insignia, emblem, or award 
                        tendered by, or received from, a foreign 
                        government;
                            (5) ``minimal value'' means a retail value 
                        in the United States at the time of acceptance 
                        of $100 or less, except that--

                                (A) on January 1, 1981, and at 3-year 
                            intervals thereafter, ``minimal value'' 
                            shall be redefined in regulations prescribed 
                            by the Administrator of General Services, in 
                            consultation with the Secretary of State, to 
                            reflect changes in the consumer price index 
                            for the immediately preceding 3-year period; 
                            and

                                (B) regulations of an employing agency 
                            may define ``minimal value'' for its 
                            employees to be less than the value 
                            established under this paragraph; and

                            (6) ``employing agency'' means--

                                (A) the Committee on Standards of 
                            Official Conduct of the House of 
                            Representatives, for Members and employees 
                            of the House of Representatives, except that 
                            those responsibilities specified in 
                            subsections (c)(2)(A), (e)(1), and (g)(2)(B) 
                            shall be carried out by the Clerk of the 
                            House;

                                (B) the Select Committee on Ethics of 
                            the Senate, for Senators and employees of 
                            the Senate, except that those 
                            responsibilities (other than 
                            responsibilities involving approval of the 
                            employing agency) specified in subsections 
                            (c)(2), (d), and (g)(2)(B) shall be carried 
                            out by the Secretary of the Senate;

                                (C) the Administrative Office of the 
                            United States Courts, for judges and 
                            judicial branch employees; and

                                (D) the department, agency, office, or 
                            other entity in which an employee is 
                            employed, for other legislative branch 
                            employees and for all executive branch 
                            employees.

                (b) An employee may not--
                            (1) request or otherwise encourage the 
                        tender of a gift or decoration; or
                            (2) accept a gift or decoration, other than 
                        in accordance with the provisions of subsections 
                        (c) and (d).
                (c)(1) The Congress consents to--
                            (A) the accepting and retaining by an 
                        employee of a gift of minimal value tendered and 
                        received as a souvenir or mark of courtesy; and
                            (B) the accepting by an employee of a gift 
                        of more than minimal value when such gift is in 
                        the nature of an educational scholarship or 
                        medical treatment or when it appears that to 
                        refuse the gift would likely cause offense or 
                        embarrassment or otherwise adversely affect the 
                        foreign relations of the United States, except 
                        that--

                                (i) a tangible gift of more than minimal 
                            value is deemed to have been accepted on 
                            behalf of the United States and, upon 
                            acceptance, shall become the property of the 
                            United States; and

                                (ii) an employee may accept gifts of 
                            travel or expenses for travel taking place 
                            entirely outside the United States (such as 
                            transportation, food, and lodging) of more 
                            than minimal value if such acceptance is 
                            appropriate, consistent with the interests 
                            of the United States, and permitted by the 
                            employing agency and any regulations which 
                            may be prescribed by the employing agency.

                (2) Within 60 days after accepting a tangible gift of 
            more than minimal value (other than a gift described in 
            paragraph (1)(B)(ii)), an employee shall--
                            (A) deposit the gift for disposal with his 
                        or her employing agency; or
                            (B) subject to the approval of the employing 
                        agency, deposit the gift with that agency for 
                        official use.

            Within 30 days after terminating the official use of a gift 
            under subparagraph (B), the employing agency shall forward 
            the gift to the Administrator of General Services in 
            accordance with subsection (e)(1) or provide for its 
            disposal in accordance with subsection (e)(2).

                (3) When an employee deposits a gift of more than 
            minimal value for disposal or for official use pursuant to 
            paragraph (2), or within 30 days after accepting travel or 
            travel expenses as provided in paragraph (1)(B)(ii) unless 
            such travel or travel expenses are accepted in accordance 
            with specific instructions of his or her employing agency, 
            the employee shall file a statement with his or her 
            employing agency or its delegate containing the information 
            prescribed in subsection (f) for that gift.
                (d) The Congress consents to the accepting, retaining, 
            and wearing by an employee of a decoration tendered in 
            recognition of active field service in time of combat 
            operations or awarded for other outstanding or unusually 
            meritorious performance, subject to the approval of the 
            employing agency of such employee. Without this approval, 
            the decoration is deemed to have been accepted on behalf of 
            the United States, shall become the property of the United 
            States, and shall be deposited by the employee, within sixty 
            days of acceptance, with the employing agency for official 
            use, for forwarding to the Administrator of General Services 
            for disposal in accordance with subsection (e)(1), or for 
            disposal in accordance with subsection (e)(2).
                (e)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), gifts and 
            decorations that have been deposited with an employing 
            agency for disposal shall be (A) returned to the donor, or 
            (B) forwarded to the Administrator of General Services for 
            transfer, donation, or other disposal in accordance with the 
            provisions of the Federal Property and Administrative 
            Services Act of 1949. However, no gift or decoration that 
            has been deposited for disposal may be sold without the 
            approval of the Secretary of State, upon a determination 
            that the sale will not adversely affect the foreign 
            relations of the United States. Gifts and decorations may be 
            sold by negotiated sale.
                (2) Gifts and decorations received by a Senator or an 
            employee of the Senate that are deposited with the Secretary 
            of the Senate for disposal, or are deposited for an official 
            use which has terminated, shall be disposed of by the 
            Commission on Arts and Antiquities of the United States 
            Senate. Any such gift or decoration may be returned by the 
            Commission to the donor or may be transferred or donated by 
            the Commission, subject to such terms and conditions as it 
            may prescribe, (A) to an agency or instrumentality of (i) 
            the United States, (ii) a State, territory, or possession of 
            the United States, or a political subdivision of the 
            foregoing, or (iii) the District of Columbia, or (B) to an 
            organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal 
            Revenue Code of 1986 which is exempt from taxation under 
            section 501(a) of such Code. Any such gift or decoration not 
            disposed of as provided in the preceding sentence shall be 
            forwarded to the Administrator of General Services for 
            disposal in accordance with paragraph (1). If the 
            Administrator does not dispose of such gift or decoration 
            within one year, he shall, at the request of the Commission, 
            return it to the Commission and the Commission may dispose 
            of such gift or decoration in such manner as it considers 
            proper, except that such gift or decoration may be sold only 
            with the approval of the Secretary of State upon a 
            determination that the sale will not adversely affect the 
            foreign relations of the United States.
                (f)(1) Not later than January 31 of each year, each 
            employing agency or its delegate shall compile a listing of 
            all statements filed during the preceding year by the 
            employees of that agency pursuant to subsection (c)(3) and 
            shall transmit such listing to the Secretary of State who 
            shall publish a comprehensive listing of all such statements 
            in the Federal Register.
                (2) Such listings shall include for each tangible gift 
            reported--
                            (A) the name and position of the employee;
                            (B) a brief description of the gift and the 
                        circumstances justifying acceptance;
                            (C) the identity, if known, of the foreign 
                        government and the name and position of the 
                        individual who presented the gift;
                            (D) the date of acceptance of the gift;
                            (E) the estimated value in the United States 
                        of the gift at the time of acceptance; and
                            (F) disposition or current location of the 
                        gift.
                (3) Such listings shall include for each gift of travel 
            or travel expenses--
                            (A) the name and position of the employee;
                            (B) a brief description of the gift and the 
                        circumstances justifying acceptance; and
                            (C) the identity, if known, of the foreign 
                        government and the name and position of the 
                        individual who presented the gift.
                (4) In transmitting such listings for the Central 
            Intelligence Agency, the Director of Central Intelligence 
            may delete the information described in subparagraphs (A) 
            and (C) of paragraphs (2) and (3) if the Director certifies 
            in writing to the Secretary of State that the publication of 
            such information could adversely affect United States 
            intelligence sources.
                (g)(1) Each employing agency shall prescribe such 
            regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of 
            this section. For all employing agencies in the executive 
            branch, such regulations shall be prescribed pursuant to 
            guidance provided by the Secretary of State. These 
            regulations shall be implemented by each employing agency 
            for its employees.
                (2) Each employing agency shall--
                            (A) report to the Attorney General cases in 
                        which there is reason to believe that an 
                        employee has violated this section;
                            (B) establish a procedure for obtaining an 
                        appraisal; when necessary, of the value of 
                        gifts; and
                            (C) take any other actions necessary to 
                        carry out the purpose of this section.
                (h) The Attorney General may bring a civil action in any 
            district court of the United States against any employee who 
            knowingly solicits or accepts a gift from a foreign 
            government not consented to by this section or who fails to 
            deposit or report such gift as required by this section. The 
            court in which such action is brought may assess a penalty 
            against such employee in any amount not to exceed the retail 
            value of the gift improperly solicited or received plus 
            $5,000.
                (i) The President shall direct all Chiefs of a United 
            States Diplomatic Mission to inform their host governments 
            that it is a general policy of the United States Government 
            to prohibit United States Government employees from 
            receiving gifts or decorations of more than minimal value.
                (j) Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
            derogate any regulation prescribed by any employing agency 
            which provides for more stringent limitations on the receipt 
            of gifts and decorations by its employees.
                (k) The provisions of this section do not apply to 
            grants and other forms of assistance to which section 108A 
            of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 
            applies. (Sept. 11, 1967, Pub. L. 90-83, Sec. 1(45)(C), 81 
            Stat. 208; Aug. 17, 1977, Pub. L. 95-105, Sec. 515, 91 Stat. 
            862; Oct. 7, 1978, Pub. L. 95-426, Sec. 712(a)-(c), 92 Stat. 
            994; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)

            
                     Chapter 81.--COMPENSATION FOR WORK INJURIES

      434.6  Sec. Sec. 8101--8162.
                Note.--Since it is not feasible to reproduce in the 
            Senate Manual all the pertinent provisions of law relating 
            to compensation for work injuries sustained by employees of 
            the Congress, reference only is made here to those 
            provisions. See sections 8101 of title 5, United States 
            Code.

            
                           Chapters 83 and 84.--RETIREMENT

        435  Sec. Sec. 8331-8351, Sec. Sec. 8041-8479, and sections 201-
                208 of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution 
                Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983.
                Note.--Since it is not feasible to reproduce in the 
            Senate Manual all the pertinent provisions of law relating 
            to retirement benefits of Members and employees of Congress, 
            reference only is made here to those provisions. See 
            subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, 
            and chapter 84 of such title (as added by the Federal 
            Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986; Pub. L. 99-335, 
            100 Stat. 514).

            
                             Chapter 87.--LIFE INSURANCE

        436  Sec. Sec. 8701-8716.
                Note.--Since it is not feasible to reproduce in the 
            Senate Manual all the pertinent provisions of law relating 
            to group life insurance for Members and employees of 
            Congress, reference only is made here to those provisions. 
            See sections 8701-8716 of title 5, United States Code.

            
                            Chapter 89.--HEALTH INSURANCE

        437  Sec. Sec. 8901-8914.
                Note.--Since it is not feasible to reproduce in the 
            Senate Manual all the pertinent provisions of law relating 
            to health benefits of Members and employees of Congress, 
            reference only is made here to those provisions. See 
            sections 8901-8914 of title 5, United States Code.

            
                                     APPENDIX 2

        438                 Federal Advisory Committee Act

            (Oct. 6, 1972, Pub. L. 92-463, 86 Stat. 770; Sept. 13, 1976, 
            Pub. L. 94-409, Sec. 5(c), 90 Stat. 1247; Dec. 12, 1980, 
            Pub. L. 96-523, Sec. 2, 94 Stat. 3040; Dec. 21, 1982, Pub. 
            L. 97-375, Sec. 201(c), 96 Stat. 1822; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 
            1, Sec. 5F, Nov. 20, 1977, 42 F.R. 56101, 91 Stat. 1634).

                                     definitions
                Sec. 3. For the purpose of this Act--
                            (1) The term ``Administrator'' means the 
                        Administrator of General Services.
                            (2) The term ``advisory committee'' means 
                        any committee, board, commission, council, 
                        conference, panel, task force, or other similar 
                        group, or any subcommittee or other subgroup 
                        thereof (hereafter in this paragraph referred to 
                        as ``committee''), which is--

                                (A) established by statute or 
                            reorganization plan, or

                                (B) established or utilized by the 
                            President, or

                                (C) established or utilized by one or 
                            more agencies,

                    in the interest of obtaining advice or 
                    recommendations for the President or one or more 
                    agencies or officers of the Federal Government, 
                    except that such term excludes (i) any committee 
                    that is composed wholly of full-time, or permanent 
                    part-time, officers or employees of the Federal 
                    Government, and (ii) any committee that is created 
                    by the National Academy of Sciences or the National 
                    Academy of Public Administration.
                            (3) The term ``agency'' has the same meaning 
                        as in section 551(1) of title 5, United States 
                        Code.
                            (4) The term ``Presidential advisory 
                        committee'' means an advisory committee which 
                        advises the President.
                                    applicability
                Sec. 4. (a) The provisions of this Act or of any rule, 
            order, or regulation promulgated under this Act shall apply 
            to each advisory committee except to the extent that any Act 
            of Congress establishing any such advisory committee 
            specifically provides otherwise.
                (b) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to apply to 
            any advisory committee established or utilized by--
                            (1) the Central Intelligence Agency; or
                            (2) the Federal Reserve System.
                (c) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to apply to 
            any local civic group whose primary function is that of 
            rendering a public service with respect to a Federal 
            program, or any State or local committee, council, board, 
            commission, or similar group established to advise or make 
            recommendations to State or local officials or agencies.

                    responsibilities of congressional committees
                Sec. 5. (a) In the exercise of its legislative review 
            functions, each standing committee of the Senate and the 
            House of Representatives shall make a continuing review of 
            the activities of each advisory committee under its 
            jurisdiction to determine whether such advisory committee 
            should be abolished or merged with any other advisory 
            committee, whether the responsibilities of such advisory 
            committee should be revised, and whether such advisory 
            committee performs a necessary function not already being 
            performed. Each such standing committee shall take 
            appropriate action to obtain the enactment of legislation 
            necessary to carry out the purpose of this subsection.
                (b) In considering legislation establishing, or 
            authorizing the establishment of any advisory committee, 
            each standing committee of the Senate and of the House of 
            Representatives shall determine, and report such 
            determination to the Senate or to the House of 
            Representatives, as the case may be, whether the functions 
            of the proposed advisory committee are being or could be 
            performed by one or more agencies or by an advisory 
            committee already in existence, or by enlarging the mandate 
            of an existing advisory committee. Any such legislation 
            shall--
                            (1) contain a clearly defined purpose for 
                        the advisory committee;
                            (2) require the membership of the advisory 
                        committee to be fairly balanced in terms of the 
                        points of view represented and the functions to 
                        be performed by the advisory committee;
                            (3) contain appropriate provisions to assure 
                        that the advice and recommendations of the 
                        advisory committee will not be inappropriately 
                        influenced by the appointing authority or by any 
                        special interest, but will instead be the result 
                        of the advisory committee's independent 
                        judgement;
                            (4) contain provisions dealing with 
                        authorization of appropriations, the date for 
                        submission of reports (if any), the duration of 
                        the advisory committee, and the publication of 
                        reports and other materials, to the extent that 
                        the standing committee determines the provisions 
                        of section 10 of this Act to be inadequate; and
                            (5) contain provisions which will assure 
                        that the advisory committee will have adequate 
                        staff (either supplied by an agency or employed 
                        by it), will be provided adequate quarters, and 
                        will have funds available to meet its other 
                        necessary expenses.
                (c) To the extent they are applicable, the guidelines 
            set out in subsection (b) of this section shall be followed 
            by the President, agency heads, or other Federal officials 
            in creating an advisory committee.

                                    * * * * * * *

                  establishment and purpose of advisory committees
                Sec. 9. (a) No advisory committee shall be established 
            unless such establishment is--
                            (1) specifically authorized by statute or by 
                        the President; or
                            (2) determined as a matter of formal record, 
                        by the head of the agency involved after 
                        consultation with the Administrator, with timely 
                        notice published in the Federal Register, to be 
                        in the public interest in connection with the 
                        performance of duties imposed on that agency by 
                        law.
                (b) Unless otherwise specifically provided by statute or 
            Presidential directive, advisory committees shall be 
            utilized solely for advisory functions. Determinations of 
            action to be taken and policy to be expressed with respect 
            to matters upon which an advisory committee reports or makes 
            recommendations shall be made solely by the President or an 
            officer of the Federal Government.
                (c) No advisory committee shall meet or take any action 
            until an advisory committee charter has been filed with (1) 
            the Administrator, in the case of Presidential advisory 
            committees, or (2) with the head of the agency to whom any 
            advisory committee reports and with the standing committees 
            of the Senate and of the House of Representatives having 
            legislative jurisdiction of such agency. Such charter shall 
            contain the following information:
                            (A) the committee's official designation;
                            (B) the committee's objectives and the scope 
                        of its activity;
                            (C) the period of time necessary for the 
                        committee to carry out its purposes;
                            (D) the agency or official to whom the 
                        committee reports;
                            (E) the agency responsible for providing the 
                        necessary support for the committee;
                            (F) a description of the duties for which 
                        the committee is responsible, and, if such 
                        duties are not solely advisory, a specification 
                        of the authority for such functions;
                            (G) the estimated annual operating costs in 
                        dollars and man-years for such committee;
                            (H) the estimated number and frequency of 
                        committee meetings;
                            (I) the committee's termination date, if 
                        less than two years from the date of the 
                        committee's establishment; and
                            (J) the date the charter is filed.

            A copy of any such charter shall also be furnished to the 
            Library of Congress.

                                    * * * * * * *

            (Oct. 6, 1972, Pub. L. 92-463, 86 Stat. 770; 1997 Reorg. 
            Plan No. 1 Sec. 5F; 91 Stat. 1634.)

            
                                     APPENDIX 4

        439     Financial Disclosure Requirements of Federal Personnel

  

      439.1  Sec. 101. Persons required to file.
                (a) Within thirty days of assuming the position of an 
            officer or employee described in subsection (f), an 
            individual shall file a report containing the information 
            described in section 102(b) unless the individual has left 
            another position described in subsection (f) within thirty 
            days prior to assuming such new position or has already 
            filed a report under this title with respect to nomination 
            for the new position or as a candidate for the position.
                (b)(1) Within five days of the transmittal by the 
            President to the Senate of the nomination of an individual 
            (other than an individual nominated for appointment to a 
            position as a Foreign Service Officer or a grade or rank in 
            the uniformed services for which the pay grade prescribed by 
            section 201 of title 37, United States Code, is O-6 or 
            below) to a position, appointment to which requires the 
            advice and consent of the Senate, such individual shall file 
            a report containing the information described in section 
            102(b). Such individual shall, not later than the date of 
            the first hearing to consider the nomination of such 
            individual, make current the report filed pursuant to this 
            paragraph by filing the information required by section 
            102(a)(1)(A) with respect to income and honoraria received 
            as of the date which occurs five days before the date of 
            such hearing. Nothing in this Act shall prevent any 
            congressional committee from requesting, as a condition of 
            confirmation, any additional financial information from any 
            Presidential nominee whose nomination has been referred to 
            that committee.
                (2) An individual whom the President or the President-
            elect has publicly announced he intends to nominate to a 
            position may file the report required by paragraph (1) at 
            any time after that public announcement, but not later than 
            is required under the first sentence of such paragraph.
                (c) Within thirty days of becoming a candidate as 
            defined in section 301 of the Federal Campaign Act of 1971, 
            in a calendar year for nomination or election to the office 
            of President, Vice President, or Member of Congress, or on 
            or before May 15 of that calendar year, whichever is later, 
            but in no event later than 30 days before the election, and 
            on or before May 15 of each successive year an individual 
            continues to be a candidate, an individual other than an 
            incumbent President, Vice President, or Member of Congress 
            shall file a report containing the information described in 
            section 102(b). Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, in 
            any calendar year in which an individual continues to be a 
            candidate for any office but all elections for such office 
            relating to such candidacy were held in prior calendar 
            years, such individual need not file a report unless he 
            becomes a candidate for another vacancy in that office or 
            another office during that year.
                (d) Any individual who is an officer or employee 
            described in subsection (f) during any calendar year and 
            performs the duties of his position or office for a period 
            in excess of sixty days in that calendar year shall file on 
            or before May 15 of the succeeding year a report containing 
            the information described in section 102(a).
                (e) Any individual who occupies a position described in 
            subsection (f) shall, on or before the thirtieth day after 
            termination of employment in such position, file a report 
            containing the information described in section 102(a) 
            covering the preceding calendar year if the report required 
            by subsection (d) has not been filed and covering the 
            portion of the calendar year in which such termination 
            occurs up to the date the individual left such office or 
            position, unless such individual has accepted employment in 
            another position described in subsection (f).
                (f) The officers and employees referred to in 
            subsections (a), (d), and (e) are--
                            (1) the President;
                            (2) the Vice President;
                            (3) each officer or employee in the 
                        executive branch, including a special Government 
                        employee as defined in section 202 of title 18, 
                        United States Code, who occupies a position 
                        classified above GS-15 of the General Schedule 
                        or, in the case of positions not under the 
                        General Schedule, for which the rate of basic 
                        pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of 
                        the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS-15 
                        of the General Schedule; each member of a 
                        uniformed service whose pay grade is at or in 
                        excess of O-7 under section 201 of title 37, 
                        United States Code; and each officer or employee 
                        in any other position determined by the Director 
                        of the Office of Government Ethics to be of 
                        equal classification;
                            (4) each employee appointed pursuant to 
                        section 3105 of title 5, United States Code;
                            (5) any employee not described in paragraph 
                        (3) who is in a position in the executive branch 
                        which is excepted from the competitive service 
                        by reason of being of a confidential or 
                        policymaking character, except that the Director 
                        of the Office of Government Ethics may, by 
                        regulation, exclude from the application of this 
                        paragraph any individual, or group of 
                        individuals, who are in such positions, but only 
                        in cases in which the Director determines such 
                        exclusion would not affect adversely the 
                        integrity of the Government or the public's 
                        confidence in the integrity of the Government;
                            (6) the Postmaster General, the Deputy 
                        Postmaster General, each Governor of the Board 
                        of Governors of the United States Postal Service 
                        and each officer or employee of the United 
                        States Postal Service or Postal Rate Commission 
                        who occupies a position for which the rate of 
                        basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 
                        percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable 
                        for GS-15 of the General Schedule;
                            (7) the Director of the Office of Government 
                        Ethics and each designated agency ethics 
                        official;
                            (8) any civilian employee not described in 
                        paragraph (3), employed in the Executive Office 
                        of the President (other than a special 
                        government employee) who holds a commission of 
                        appointment from the President;
                            (9) a Member of Congress as defined under 
                        section 109(12);
                            (10) an officer or employee of the Congress 
                        as defined under section 109(13);
                            (11) a judicial officer as defined under 
                        section 109(10); and
                            (12) a judicial employee as defined under 
                        section 109(8).
                (g)(1) Reasonable extensions of time for filing any 
            report may be granted under procedures prescribed by the 
            supervising ethics office for each branch, but the total of 
            such extensions shall not exceed ninety days.
                (2)(A) In the case of an individual who is serving in 
            the Armed Forces, or serving in support of the Armed Forces, 
            in an area while that area is designated by the President by 
            Executive order as a combat zone for purposes of section 112 
            of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the date for the 
            filing of any report shall be extended so that the date is 
            180 days after the later of--
                            (i) the last day of the individual's service 
                        in such area during such designated period; or
                            (ii) the last day of the individual's 
                        hospitalization as a result of injury received 
                        or disease contracted while serving in such 
                        area.
                (B) The Office of Government Ethics, in consultation 
            with the Secretary of Defense, may prescribe procedures 
            under this paragraph.
                (h) The provisions of subsections (a), (b), and (e) 
            shall not apply to an individual who, as determined by the 
            designated agency ethics official or Secretary concerned (or 
            in the case of a Presidential appointee under subsection 
            (b), the Director of the Office of Government Ethics), the 
            congressional ethics committees, or the Judicial Conference, 
            is not reasonably expected to perform the duties of his 
            office or position for more than sixty days in a calendar 
            year, except that if such individual performs the duties of 
            his office or position for more than sixty days in a 
            calendar year--
                            (1) the report required by subsections (a) 
                        and (b) shall be filed within fifteen days of 
                        the sixtieth day, and
                            (2) the report required by subsection (e) 
                        shall be filed as provided in such subsection.
                (i) The supervising ethics office for each branch may 
            grant a publicly available request for a waiver of any 
            reporting requirement under this section for an individual 
            who is expected to perform or has performed the duties of 
            his office or position less than one hundred and thirty days 
            in a calendar year, but only if the supervising ethics 
            office determines that--
                            (1) such individual is not a full-time 
                        employee of the Government,
                            (2) such individual is able to provide 
                        services specially needed by the Government,
                            (3) it is unlikely that the individual's 
                        outside employment or financial interests will 
                        create a conflict of interest, and
                            (4) public financial disclosure by such 
                        individual is not necessary in the 
                        circumstances.

            (Pub. L. 95-521, Title I, Sec. 101, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 
            1824; Pub. L. 96-19, Sec. Sec. 2(a)(1), (b), (c)(1), 
            4(b)(1), (d)-(f), 5, June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 37, 38, 40; 
            Pub. L. 101-194, Title II, Sec. 202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 
            Stat. 1725; Pub. L. 101-280, Sec. 3(1), (2), May 4, 1990, 
            104 Stat. 152; Pub. L. 102-25, Title VI, Sec. 605(a), Apr. 
            6, 1991, 105 Stat. 110; Pub. L. 102-378, Sec. 4(a)(1), Oct. 
            2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1356.)

      439.2  Sec. 102. Contents of reports.
                (a) Each report filed pursuant to section 101 (d) and 
            (e) shall include a full and complete statement with respect 
            to the following:
                            (1)(A) The source, type, and amount or value 
                        of income (other than income referred to in 
                        subparagraph (B)) from any source (other than 
                        from current employment by the United States 
                        Government), and the source, date, and amount of 
                        honoraria from any source, received during the 
                        preceding calendar year, aggregating $200 or 
                        more in value and, effective January 1, 1991, 
                        the source, date, and amount of payments made to 
                        charitable organizations in lieu of honoraria, 
                        and the reporting individual shall 
                        simultaneously file with the applicable 
                        supervising ethics office, on a confidential 
                        basis, a corresponding list of recipients of all 
                        such payments, together with the dates and 
                        amounts of such payments.
                            (B) The source and type of income which 
                        consists of dividends, rents, interest, and 
                        capital gains, received during the preceding 
                        calendar year which exceeds $200 in amount or 
                        value, and an indication of which of the 
                        following categories the amount or value of such 
                        item of income is within:

                                (i) not more than $1,000,

                                (ii) greater than $1,000 but not more 
                            than $2,500,

                                (iii) greater than $2,500 but not more 
                            than $5,000,

                                (iv) greater than $5,000 but not more 
                            than $15,000,

                                (v) greater than $15,000 but not more 
                            than $50,000,

                                (vi) greater than $50,000 but not more 
                            than $100,000,

                                (vii) greater than $100,000 but not more 
                            than $1,000,000,

                                (viii) greater than $1,000,000 but not 
                            more than $5,000,000, or

                                (ix) greater than $5,000,000.

                            (2)(A) The identity of the source, a brief 
                        description, and the value of all gifts 
                        aggregating more than the minimal value as 
                        established by section 7342(a)(5) of title 5, 
                        United States Code, or $250, whichever is 
                        greater, received from any source other than a 
                        relative of the reporting individual during the 
                        preceding calendar year, except that any food, 
                        lodging, or entertainment received as personal 
                        hospitality of an individual need not be 
                        reported, and any gift with a fair market value 
                        of $100 or less, as adjusted at the same time 
                        and by the same percentage as the minimal value 
                        is adjusted, need not be aggregated for purposes 
                        of this subparagraph.
                            (B) The identity of the source and a brief 
                        description (including a travel itinerary, 
                        dates, and nature of expenses provided) of 
                        reimbursements received from any source 
                        aggregating more than the minimal value as 
                        established by section 7342(a)(5) of title 5, 
                        United States Code, or $250, whichever is 
                        greater and received during the preceding 
                        calendar year.
                            (C) In an unusual case, a gift need not be 
                        aggregated under subparagraph (A) if a publicly 
                        available request for a waiver is granted.
                            (3) The identity and category of value of 
                        any interest in property held during the 
                        preceding calendar year in a trade or business, 
                        or for investment or the production of income, 
                        which has a fair market value which exceeds 
                        $1,000 as of the close of the preceding calendar 
                        year, excluding any personal liability owed to 
                        the reporting individual by a spouse, or by a 
                        parent, brother, sister, or child of the 
                        reporting individual or of the reporting 
                        individual's spouse, or any deposits aggregating 
                        $5,000 or less in a personal savings account. 
                        For purposes of this paragraph, a personal 
                        savings account shall include any certificate of 
                        deposit or any other form of deposit in a bank, 
                        savings and loan association, credit union, or 
                        similar financial institution.
                            (4) The identity and category of value of 
                        the total liabilities owed to any creditor other 
                        than a spouse, or a parent, brother, sister, or 
                        child of the reporting individual or of the 
                        reporting individual's spouse which exceed 
                        $10,000 at any time during the preceding 
                        calendar year, excluding--

                                (A) any mortgage secured by real 
                            property which is a personal residence of 
                            the reporting individual or his spouse; and

                                (B) any loan secured by a personal motor 
                            vehicle, household furniture, or appliances, 
                            which loan does not exceed the purchase 
                            price of the item which secures it.

                    With respect to revolving charge accounts, only 
                    those with an outstanding liability which exceeds 
                    $10,000 as of the close of the preceding calendar 
                    year need be reported under this paragraph.
                            (5) Except as provided in this paragraph, a 
                        brief description, the date, and category of 
                        value of any purchase, sale or exchange during 
                        the preceding calendar year which exceeds 
                        $1,000--

                                (A) in real property, other than 
                            property used solely as a personal residence 
                            of the reporting individual or his spouse; 
                            or

                                (B) in stocks, bonds, commodities 
                            futures, and other forms of securities.

                    Reporting is not required under this paragraph of 
                    any transaction solely by and between the reporting 
                    individual, his spouse, or dependent children.
                            (6)(A) The identity of all positions held on 
                        or before the date of filing during the current 
                        calendar year (and, for the first report filed 
                        by an individual, during the two-year period 
                        preceding such calendar year) as an officer, 
                        director, trustee, partner, proprietor, 
                        representative, employee, or consultant of any 
                        corporation, company, firm, partnership, or 
                        other business enterprise, any nonprofit 
                        organization, any labor organization, or any 
                        educational or other institution other than the 
                        United States. This subparagraph shall not 
                        require the reporting of positions held in any 
                        religious, social, fraternal, or political 
                        entity and positions solely of an honorary 
                        nature.
                            (B) If any person, other than the United 
                        States Government, paid a nonelected reporting 
                        individual compensation in excess of $5,000 in 
                        any of the two calendar years prior to the 
                        calendar year during which the individual files 
                        his first report under this title, the 
                        individual shall include in the report--

                                (i) the identity of each source of such 
                            compensation; and

                                (ii) a brief description of the nature 
                            of the duties performed or services rendered 
                            by the reporting individual for each such 
                            source.

                    The preceding sentence shall not require any 
                    individual to include in such report any information 
                    which is considered confidential as a result of a 
                    privileged relationship, established by law, between 
                    such individual and any person nor shall it require 
                    an individual to report any information with respect 
                    to any person for whom services were provided by any 
                    firm or association of which such individual was a 
                    member, partner, or employee unless such individual 
                    was directly involved in the provision of such 
                    services.
                            (7) A description of the date, parties to, 
                        and terms of any agreement or arrangement with 
                        respect to (A) future employment; (B) a leave of 
                        absence during the period of the reporting 
                        individual's Government service; (C) 
                        continuation of payments by a former employer 
                        other than the United States Government; and (D) 
                        continuing participation in an employee welfare 
                        or benefit plan maintained by a former employer.
                            (8) The category of the total cash value of 
                        any interest of the reporting individual in a 
                        qualified blind trust, unless the trust 
                        instrument was executed prior to July 24, 1995 
                        and precludes the beneficiary from receiving 
                        information on the total cash value of any 
                        interest in the qualified blind trust.
                (b)(1) Each report filed pursuant to subsections (a), 
            (b), and (c) of section 101 shall include a full and 
            complete statement with respect to the information required 
            by--
                            (A) paragraph (1) of subsection (a) for the 
                        year of filing and the preceding calendar year.
                            (B) paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (a) 
                        as of the date specified in the report but which 
                        is less than thirty-one days before the filing 
                        date, and
                            (C) paragraphs (6) and (7) of subsection (a) 
                        as of the filing date but for periods described 
                        in such paragraphs.
                (2)(A) In lieu of filling out one or more schedules of a 
            financial disclosure form, an individual may supply the 
            required information in an alternative format, pursuant to 
            either rules adopted by the supervising ethics office for 
            the branch in which such individual serves or pursuant to a 
            specific written determination by such office for a 
            reporting individual.
                (B) In lieu of indicating the category of amount or 
            value of any item contained in any report filed under this 
            title, a reporting individual may indicate the exact dollar 
            amount of such item.
                (c) In the case of any individual described in section 
            101(e), any reference to the preceding calendar year shall 
            be considered also to include that part of the calendar year 
            of filing up to the date of the termination of employment.
                (d)(1) The categories for reporting the amount or value 
            of the items covered in paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of 
            subsection (a) are as follows:
                            (A) not more than $15,000;
                            (B) greater than $15,000 but not more than 
                        $50,000;
                            (C) greater than $50,000 but not more than 
                        $100,000;
                            (D) greater than $100,000 but not more than 
                        $250,000;
                            (E) greater than $250,000 but not more than 
                        $500,000;
                            (F) greater than $500,000 but not more than 
                        $1,000,000;
                            (G) greater than $1,000,000 but not more 
                        than $5,000,000;
                            (H) greater than $5,000,000 but not more 
                        than $25,000,000;
                            (I) greater than $25,000,000 but not more 
                        than $50,000,000; and
                            (J) greater than $50,000,000.
                (2) For the purposes of paragraph (3) of subsection (a) 
            if the current value of an interest in real property (or an 
            interest in a real estate partnership) is not ascertainable 
            without an appraisal, an individual may list (A) the date of 
            purchase and the purchase price of the interest in the real 
            property, or (B) the assessed value of the real property for 
            tax purposes, adjusted to reflect the market value of the 
            property used for the assessment if the assessed value is 
            computed at less than 100 percent of such market value, but 
            such individual shall include in his report a full and 
            complete description of the method used to determine such 
            assessed value, instead of specifying a category of value 
            pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection. If the current 
            value of any other item required to be reported under 
            paragraph (3) of subsection (a) is not ascertainable without 
            an appraisal, such individual may list the book value of a 
            corporation whose stock is not publicly traded, the net 
            worth of a business partnership, the equity value of an 
            individually owned business, or with respect to other 
            holdings, any recognized indication of value, but such 
            individual shall include in his report a full and complete 
            description of the method used in determining such value. In 
            lieu of any value referred to in the preceding sentence, an 
            individual may list the assessed value of the item for tax 
            purposes, adjusted to reflect the market value of the item 
            used for the assessment if the assessed value is computed at 
            less than 100 percent of such market value, but a full and 
            complete description of the method used in determining such 
            assessed value shall be included in the report.
                (e)(1) Except as provided in the last sentence of this 
            paragraph, each report required by section 101 shall also 
            contain information listed in paragraphs (1) through (5) of 
            subsection (a) of this section respecting the spouse or 
            dependent child of the reporting individual as follows:
                            (A) The source of items of earned income 
                        earned by a spouse from any person which exceeds 
                        $1,000 and the source and amount of any 
                        honoraria received by a spouse, except that, 
                        with respect to earned income (other than 
                        honoraria), if the spouse is self-employed in 
                        business or a profession, only the nature of 
                        such business or profession need be reported.
                            (B) All information required to be reported 
                        in subsection (a)(1)(B) with respect to income 
                        derived by a spouse or dependent child from any 
                        asset held by the spouse or dependent child and 
                        reported pursuant to subsection (a)(3).
                            (C) In the case of any gifts received by a 
                        spouse or dependent child which are not received 
                        totally independent of the relationship of the 
                        spouse or dependent child to the reporting 
                        individual, the identity of the source and a 
                        brief description of gifts of transportation, 
                        lodging, food, or entertainment and a brief 
                        description and the value of other gifts.
                            (D) In the case of any reimbursements 
                        received by a spouse or dependent child which 
                        are not received totally independent of the 
                        relationship of the spouse or dependent child to 
                        the reporting individual, the identity of the 
                        source and a brief description of each such 
                        reimbursement.
                            (E) In the case of items described in 
                        paragraphs (3) through (5) of subsection (a), 
                        all information required to be reported under 
                        these paragraphs other than items (i) which the 
                        reporting individual certifies represent the 
                        spouse's or dependent child's sole financial 
                        interest or responsibility and which the 
                        reporting individual has no knowledge of, (ii) 
                        which are not in any way, past or present, 
                        derived from the income, assets, or activities 
                        of the reporting individual, and (iii) from 
                        which the reporting individual neither derives, 
                        nor expects to derive, any financial or economic 
                        benefit.
                            (F) For purposes of this section, categories 
                        with amounts or values greater than $1,000,000 
                        set forth in sections 102(a)(1)(B) and 102(d)(1) 
                        shall apply to the income, assets, or 
                        liabilities of spouses and dependent children 
                        only if the income, assets, or liabilities are 
                        held jointly with the reporting individual. All 
                        other income, assets, or liabilities of the 
                        spouse or dependent children required to be 
                        reported under this section in an amount or 
                        value greater than $1,000,000 shall be 
                        categorized only as an amount or value greater 
                        than $1,000,000.

            Reports required by subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 
            101 shall, with respect to the spouse and dependent child of 
            the reporting individual, only contain information listed in 
            paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of subsection (a), as specified 
            in this paragraph.

                (2) No report shall be required with respect to a spouse 
            living separate and apart from the reporting individual with 
            the intention of terminating the marriage or providing for 
            permanent separation; or with respect to any income or 
            obligations of an individual arising from the dissolution of 
            his marriage or the permanent separation from his spouse.
                (f)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), each 
            reporting individual shall report the information required 
            to be reported pursuant to subsections (a), (b), and (c) of 
            this section with respect to the holdings of and the income 
            from a trust or other financial arrangement from which 
            income is received by, or with respect to which a beneficial 
            interest in principal or income is held by, such individual, 
            his spouse, or any dependent child.
                (2) A reporting individual need not report the holdings 
            of or the source of income from any of the holdings of--
                            (A) any qualified blind trust (as defined in 
                        paragraph (3));
                            (B) a trust--

                                (i) which was not created directly by 
                            such individual, his spouse, or any 
                            dependent child, and

                                (ii) the holdings or sources of income 
                            of which such individual, his spouse, and 
                            any dependent child have no knowledge of; or

                            (C) an entity described under the provisions 
                        of paragraph (8), but such individual shall 
                        report the category of the amount of income 
                        received by him, his spouse, or any dependent 
                        child from the trust or other entity under 
                        subsection (a)(1)(B) of this section.
                (3) For purposes of this subsection, the term 
            ``qualified blind trust'' includes any trust in which a 
            reporting individual, his spouse, or any minor or dependent 
            child has a beneficial interest in the principal or income, 
            and which meets the following requirements:
                            (A)(i) The trustee of the trust and any 
                        other entity designated in the trust instrument 
                        to perform fiduciary duties is a financial 
                        institution, an attorney, a certified public 
                        accountant, a broker, or an investment advisor 
                        who--

                                (I) is independent of and not associated 
                            with any interested party so that the 
                            trustee or other person cannot be controlled 
                            or influenced in the administration of the 
                            trust by any interested party;

                                (II) is not and has not been an employee 
                            of or affiliated with any interested party 
                            and is not a partner of, or involved in any 
                            joint venture or other investment with, any 
                            interested party; and

                                (III) is not a relative of any 
                            interested party.

                            (ii) Any officer or employee of a trustee or 
                        other entity who is involved in the management 
                        or control of the trust--

                                (I) is independent of and not associated 
                            with any interested party so that such 
                            officer or employee cannot be controlled or 
                            influenced in the administration of the 
                            trust by any interested party;

                                (II) is not a partner of, or involved in 
                            any joint venture or other investment with, 
                            any interested party; and

                                (III) is not a relative of any 
                            interested party.

                            (B) Any asset transferred to the trust by an 
                        interested party is free of any restriction with 
                        respect to its transfer or sale unless such 
                        restriction is expressly approved by the 
                        supervising ethics office of the reporting 
                        individual.
                            (C) The trust instrument which establishes 
                        the trust provides that--

                                (i) except to the extent provided in 
                            subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, the 
                            trustee in the exercise of his authority and 
                            discretion to manage and control the assets 
                            of the trust shall not consult or notify any 
                            interested party;

                                (ii) the trust shall not contain any 
                            asset the holding of which by an interested 
                            party is prohibited by any law or 
                            regulation;

                                (iii) the trustee shall promptly notify 
                            the reporting individual and his supervising 
                            ethics office when the holdings of any 
                            particular asset transferred to the trust by 
                            any interested party are disposed of or when 
                            the value of such holding is less than 
                            $1,000;

                                (iv) the trust tax return shall be 
                            prepared by the trustee or his designee, and 
                            such return and any information relating 
                            thereto (other than the trust income 
                            summarized in appropriate categories 
                            necessary to complete an interested party's 
                            tax return), shall not be disclosed to any 
                            interested party;

                                (v) an interested party shall not 
                            receive any report on the holdings and 
                            sources of income of the trust, except a 
                            report at the end of each calendar quarter 
                            with respect to the total cash value of the 
                            interest of the interested party in the 
                            trust or the net income or loss of the trust 
                            or any reports necessary to enable the 
                            interested party to complete an individual 
                            tax return required by law or to provide the 
                            information required by subsection (a)(1) of 
                            this section, but such report shall not 
                            identify any asset or holding;

                                (vi) except for communications which 
                            solely consist of requests for distributions 
                            of cash or other unspecified assets of the 
                            trust, there shall be no direct or indirect 
                            communication between the trustee and an 
                            interested party with respect to the trust 
                            unless such communication is in writing and 
                            unless it relates only (I) to the general 
                            financial interest and needs of the 
                            interested party (including, but not limited 
                            to, an interest in maximizing income or 
                            long-term capital gain), (II) to the 
                            notification of the trustee of a law or 
                            regulation subsequently applicable to the 
                            reporting individual which prohibits the 
                            interested party from holding an asset, 
                            which notification directs that the asset 
                            not be held by the trust, or (III) to 
                            directions to the trustee to sell all of an 
                            asset initially placed in the trust by an 
                            interested party which in the determination 
                            of the reporting individual creates a 
                            conflict of interest or the appearance 
                            thereof due to the subsequent assumption of 
                            duties by the reporting individual (but 
                            nothing herein shall require any such 
                            direction); and

                                (vii) the interested parties shall make 
                            no effort to obtain information with respect 
                            to the holdings of the trust, including 
                            obtaining a copy of any trust tax return 
                            filed or any information relating thereto 
                            except as otherwise provided in this 
                            subsection.

                            (D) The proposed trust instrument and the 
                        proposed trustee is approved by the reporting 
                        individual's supervising ethics office.
                            (E) For purposes of this subsection, 
                        ``interested party'' means a reporting 
                        individual, his spouse, and any minor or 
                        dependent child; ``broker'' has the meaning set 
                        forth in section 3(a)(4) of the Securities and 
                        Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(4)); and 
                        ``investment adviser'' includes any investment 
                        adviser who, as determined under regulations 
                        prescribed by the supervising ethics office, is 
                        generally involved in his role as such an 
                        adviser in the management or control of trusts.
                            (F) Any trust qualified by a supervising 
                        ethics office before the effective date of title 
                        II of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 shall 
                        continue to be governed by the law and 
                        regulations in effect immediately before such 
                        effective date.
                (4)(A) An asset placed in a trust by an interested party 
            shall be considered a financial interest of the reporting 
            individual, for the purposes of any applicable conflict of 
            interest statutes, regulations, or rules of the Federal 
            Government (including section 208 of title 18, United States 
            Code), until such time as the reporting individual is 
            notified by the trustee that such asset has been disposed 
            of, or has a value of less than $1,000.
                (B)(i) The provisions of subparagraph (A) shall not 
            apply with respect to a trust created for the benefit of a 
            reporting individual, or the spouse, dependent child, or 
            minor child of such a person, if the supervising ethics 
            office for such reporting individual finds that--
                            (I) the assets placed in the trust consist 
                        of a well-diversified portfolio of readily 
                        marketable securities;
                            (II) none of the assets consist of 
                        securities of entities having substantial 
                        activities in the area of the reporting 
                        individual's primary area of responsibility;
                            (III) the trust instrument prohibits the 
                        trustee, notwithstanding the provisions of 
                        paragraph (3)(C) (iii) and (iv) of this 
                        subsection, from making public or informing any 
                        interested party of the sale of any securities;
                            (IV) the trustee is given power of attorney, 
                        notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 
                        (3)(C)(v) of this subsection, to prepare on 
                        behalf of any interested party the personal 
                        income tax returns and similar returns which may 
                        contain information relating to the trust; and
                            (V) except as otherwise provided in this 
                        paragraph, the trust instrument provides (or in 
                        the case of a trust established prior to the 
                        effective date of this Act which by its terms 
                        does not permit amendment, the trustee, the 
                        reporting individual, and any other interested 
                        party agree in writing) that the trust shall be 
                        administered in accordance with the requirements 
                        of this subsection and the trustee of such trust 
                        meets the requirements of paragraph (3)(A).
                (ii) In any instance covered by subparagraph (B) in 
            which the reporting individual is an individual whose 
            nomination is being considered by a congressional committee, 
            the reporting individual shall inform the congressional 
            committee considering his nomination before or during the 
            period of such individual's confirmation hearing of his 
            intention to comply with this paragraph.
                (5)(A) The reporting individual shall, within thirty 
            days after a qualified blind trust is approved by his 
            supervising ethics office, file with such office a copy of--
                            (i) the executed trust instrument of such 
                        trust (other than those provisions which relate 
                        to the testamentary disposition of the trust 
                        assets), and
                            (ii) a list of the assets which were 
                        transferred to such trust, including the 
                        category of value of each asset as determined 
                        under subsection (d) of this section.

            This subparagraph shall not apply with respect to a trust 
            meeting the requirements for being considered a qualified 
            blind trust under paragraph (7) of this subsection.

                (B) The reporting individual shall, within thirty days 
            of transferring an asset (other than cash) to a previously 
            established qualified blind trust, notify his supervising 
            ethics office of the identity of each such asset and the 
            category of value of each asset as determined under 
            subsection (d) of this section.
                (C) Within thirty days of the dissolution of a qualified 
            blind trust, a reporting individual shall--
                            (i) notify his supervising ethics office of 
                        such dissolution, and
                            (ii) file with such office a copy of a list 
                        of the assets of the trust at the time of such 
                        dissolution and the category of value under 
                        subsection (d) of this section of each such 
                        asset.
                (D) Documents filed under subparagraphs (A), (B), and 
            (C) of this paragraph and the lists provided by the trustee 
            of assets placed in the trust by an interested party which 
            have been sold shall be made available to the public in the 
            same manner as a report is made available under section 105 
            and the provisions of that section shall apply with respect 
            to such documents and lists.
                (E) A copy of each written communication with respect to 
            the trust under paragraph (3)(C)(vi) shall be filed by the 
            person initiating the communication with the reporting 
            individual's supervising ethics office within five days of 
            the date of the communication.
                (6)(A) A trustee of a qualified blind trust shall not 
            knowingly and willfully, or negligently, (i) disclose any 
            information to an interested party with respect to such 
            trust that may not be disclosed under paragraph (3) of this 
            subsection; (ii) acquire any holding the ownership of which 
            is prohibited by the trust instrument; (iii) solicit advice 
            from any interested party with respect to such trust, which 
            solicitation is prohibited by paragraph (3) of this 
            subsection or the trust agreement; or (iv) fail to file any 
            document required by this subsection.
                (B) A reporting individual shall not knowingly and 
            willfully, or negligently, (i) solicit or receive any 
            information with respect to a qualified blind trust of which 
            he is an interested party that may not be disclosed under 
            paragraph (3)(C) of this subsection; or (ii) fail to file 
            any document required by this subsection.
                (C)(i) The Attorney General may bring a civil action in 
            any appropriate United States district court against any 
            individual who knowingly and willfully violates the 
            provisions of subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph. The 
            court in which such action is brought may assess against 
            such individual a civil penalty in any amount not to exceed 
            $10,000.
                (ii) The Attorney General may bring a civil action in 
            any appropriate United States district court against any 
            individual who negligently violates the provisions of 
            subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph. The court in 
            which such action is brought may assess against such 
            individual a civil penalty in any amount not to exceed 
            $5,000.
                (7) Any trust may be considered to be a qualified blind 
            trust if--
                            (A) the trust instrument is amended to 
                        comply with the requirements of paragraph (3) 
                        or, in the case of a trust instrument which does 
                        not by its terms permit amendment, the trustee, 
                        the reporting individual, and any other 
                        interested party agree in writing that the trust 
                        shall be administered in accordance with the 
                        requirements of this subsection and the trustee 
                        of such trust meets the requirements of 
                        paragraph (3)(A); except that in the case of any 
                        interested party who is a dependent child, a 
                        parent or guardian of such child may execute the 
                        agreement referred to in this subparagraph;
                            (B) a copy of the trust instrument (except 
                        testamentary provisions) and a copy of the 
                        agreement referred to in subparagraph (A), and a 
                        list of the assets held by the trust at the time 
                        of approval by the supervising ethics office, 
                        including the category of value of each asset as 
                        determined under subsection (d) of this section, 
                        are filed with such office and made available to 
                        the public as provided under paragraph (5)(D) of 
                        this subsection; and
                            (C) the supervising ethics office determines 
                        that approval of the trust arrangement as a 
                        qualified blind trust is in the particular case 
                        appropriate to assure compliance with applicable 
                        laws and regulations.
                (8) A reporting individual shall not be required to 
            report the financial interest held by a widely held 
            investment fund (whether such fund is a mutual fund, 
            regulated investment company, pension or deferred 
            compensation plan, or other investment fund), if--
                            (A)(i) the fund is publicly traded; or
                            (ii) the assets of the fund are widely 
                        diversified; and
                            (B) the reporting individual neither 
                        exercises control over nor has the ability to 
                        exercise control over the financial interests 
                        held by the fund.
                (g) Political campaign funds, including campaign 
            receipts and expenditures, need not be included in any 
            report filed pursuant to this title.
                (h) A report filed pursuant to subsection (a), (d), or 
            (e) of section 101 need not contain the information 
            described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of subsection 
            (a)(2) with respect to gifts and reimbursements received in 
            a period when the reporting individual was not an officer or 
            employee of the Federal Government.
                (i) a reporting individual shall not be required under 
            this title to report--
                            (1) financial interests in or income derived 
                        from--

                                (A) any retirement system under title 5, 
                            United States Code (including the Thrift 
                            Savings Plan under subchapter III of chapter 
                            84 of such title); or

                                (B) any other retirement system 
                            maintained by the United States for officers 
                            or employees of the United States, including 
                            the President, or for members of the 
                            uniformed services; or

                            (2) benefits received under the Social 
                        Security Act.

            (Pub. L. 95-521, Title I, Sec. 102, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 
            1825; Pub. L. 96-19, Sec. Sec. 3(a)(1), (b), 6(a), 7(a)-
            (d)(1), (f), 9(b), (c)(1), (j), June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 39-
            43; Pub. L. 97-51, Sec. 130(b), Oct. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 966; 
            Pub. L. 98-150, Sec. 10, Nov. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 962; Pub. 
            L. 101-194, Title II, Sec. 202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 
            1727; Pub. L. 101-280, Sec. 3(3), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 
            152; Pub. L. 102-90, Title III, Sec. 314(a), Aug. 14, 1991, 
            105 Stat. 469; Pub. L. 104-65, Sec. Sec. 20, 22(a), (b), 
            Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 704, 705.)

      439.3  Sec. 103. Filing of reports.
                (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the 
            reports required under this title shall be filed by the 
            reporting individual with the designated agency ethics 
            official at the agency by which he is employed (or in the 
            case of an individual described in section 101(e), was 
            employed) or in which he will serve. The date any report is 
            received (and the date of receipt of any supplemental 
            report) shall be noted on such report by such official.
                (b) The President, the Vice President, and independent 
            counsel and persons appointed by independent counsel under 
            chapter 40 of title 28, United States Code, shall file 
            reports required under this title with the Director of the 
            Office of Government Ethics.
                (c) Copies of the reports required to be filed under 
            this title by the Postmaster General, the Deputy Postmaster 
            General, the Governors of the Board of Governors of the 
            United States Postal Service, designated agency ethics 
            officials, employees described in section 105(a)(2) (A) or 
            (B), 106(a)(1) (A) or (B), or 107 (a)(1)(A) or (b)(1)(A)(i), 
            of title 3, United States Code, candidates for the office of 
            President or Vice President and officers and employees in 
            (and nominees to) offices or positions which require 
            confirmation by the Senate or by both Houses of Congress 
            other than individuals nominated to be judicial officers and 
            those referred to in subsection (f) shall be transmitted to 
            the Director of the Office of Government Ethics. The 
            Director shall forward a copy of the report of each nominee 
            to the congressional committee considering the nomination.
                (d) Reports required to be filed under this title by the 
            Director of the Office of Government Ethics shall be filed 
            in the Office of Government Ethics and, immediately after 
            being filed, shall be made available to the public in 
            accordance with this title.
                (e) Each individual identified in section 101(c) who is 
            a candidate for nomination or election to the Office of 
            President or Vice President shall file the reports required 
            by this title with the Federal Election Commission.
                (f) Reports required of members of the uniformed 
            services shall be filed with the Secretary concerned.
                (g) Each supervising ethics office shall develop and 
            make available forms for reporting the information required 
            by this title.
                (h)(1) The reports required under this title shall be 
            filed by a reporting individual with--
                            (A)(i)(I) the Clerk of the House of 
                        Representatives, in the case of a Representative 
                        in Congress, a Delegate to Congress, the 
                        Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, an 
                        officer or employee of the Congress whose 
                        compensation is disbursed by the Chief 
                        Administrative Officer of the House of 
                        Representatives, an officer or employee of the 
                        Architect of the Capitol, the United States 
                        Botanic Garden, the Congressional Budget Office, 
                        the Government Printing Office, the Library of 
                        Congress, or the Copyright Royalty Tribunal 
                        (including any individual terminating service, 
                        under section 101(e), in any office or position 
                        referred to in this subclause), or an individual 
                        described in section 101(c) who is a candidate 
                        for nomination or election as a Representative 
                        in Congress, a Delegate to Congress, or the 
                        Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico; and
                            (II) the Secretary of the Senate, in the 
                        case of a Senator, an officer or employee of the 
                        Congress whose compensation is disbursed by the 
                        Secretary of the Senate, an officer or employee 
                        of the General Accounting Office, the Office of 
                        Technology Assessment, or the Office of the 
                        Attending Physician (including any individual 
                        terminating service, under section 101(e), in 
                        any office or position referred to in this 
                        subclause), or an individual described in 
                        section 101(c) who is a candidate for nomination 
                        or election as a Senator; and
                            (ii) in the case of an officer or employee 
                        of the Congress as described under section 
                        101(f)(10) who is employed by an agency or 
                        commission established in the legislative branch 
                        after the date of the enactment of the Ethics 
                        Reform Act of 1989--

                                (I) the Secretary of the Senate or the 
                            Clerk of the House of Representatives, as 
                            the case may be, as designated in the 
                            statute establishing such agency or 
                            commission; or

                                (II) if such statute does not designate 
                            such committee, the Secretary of the Senate 
                            for agencies and commissions established in 
                            even numbered calendar years, and the Clerk 
                            of the House of Representatives for agencies 
                            and commissions established in odd numbered 
                            calendar years; and

                            (B) the Judicial Conference with regard to a 
                        judicial officer or employee described under 
                        paragraphs (11) and (12) of section 101(f) 
                        (including individuals terminating service in 
                        such office or position under section 101(e) or 
                        immediately preceding service in such office or 
                        position).
                (2) The date any report is received (and the date of 
            receipt of any supplemental report) shall be noted on such 
            report by such committee.
                (i) A copy of each report filed under this title by a 
            Member or an individual who is a candidate for the office of 
            Member shall be sent by the Clerk of the House of 
            Representatives or Secretary of the Senate, as the case may 
            be, to the appropriate State officer designated under 
            section 316(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
            of the State represented by the Member or in which the 
            individual is a candidate, as the case may be, within the 
            30-day period beginning on the day the report is filed with 
            the Clerk or Secretary.
                (j)(1) A copy of each report filed under this title with 
            the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be sent by 
            the Clerk to the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct 
            of the House of Representatives within the 7-day period 
            beginning on the day the report is filed.
                (2) A copy of each report filed under this title with 
            the Secretary of the Senate shall be sent by the Secretary 
            to the Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate within the 
            7-day period beginning on the day the report is filed.
                (k) In carrying out their responsibilities under this 
            title with respect to candidates for office, the Clerk of 
            the House of Representatives and the Secretary of the Senate 
            shall avail themselves of the assistance of the Federal 
            Election Commission. The Commission shall make available to 
            the Clerk and the Secretary on a regular basis a complete 
            list of names and addresses of all candidates registered 
            with the Commission, and shall cooperate and coordinate its 
            candidate information and notification program with the 
            Clerk and the Secretary to the greatest extent possible. 
            (Pub. L. 95-521, Title I, Sec.  103, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 
            1831; Pub. L. 96-19, Sec. Sec.  4(b)(2), 9(a), June 13, 
            1979, 93 Stat. 40, 42; Pub. L. 101-194, Title II, Sec.  202, 
            Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1736; Pub. L. 101-280, Sec.  3(1), 
            (4), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152, 153; Pub. L. 102-90, Title 
            III, Sec.  313(1), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 469; Pub. L. 
            104-186, Title II, Sec. 216(1), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 
            1747.)
      439.4  Sec. 104. Failure to file or filing false reports.
                (a) The Attorney General may bring a civil action in any 
            appropriate United States district court against any 
            individual who knowingly and willfully falsifies or who 
            knowingly and willfully fails to file or report any 
            information that such individual is required to report 
            pursuant to section 102. The court in which such action is 
            brought may assess against such individual a civil penalty 
            in any amount, not to exceed $10,000.
                (b) The head of each agency, each Secretary concerned, 
            the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, each 
            congressional ethics committee, or the Judicial Conference, 
            as the case may be, shall refer to the Attorney General the 
            name of any individual which such official or committee has 
            reasonable cause to believe has willfully failed to file a 
            report or has willfully falsified or willfully failed to 
            file information required to be reported. Whenever the 
            Judicial Conference refers a name to the Attorney General 
            under this subsection, the Judicial Conference also shall 
            notify the judicial council of the circuit in which the 
            named individual serves of the referral.
                (c) The President, the Vice President, the Secretary 
            concerned, the head of each agency, the Office of Personnel 
            Management, a congressional ethics committee, and the 
            Judicial Conference, may take any appropriate personnel or 
            other action in accordance with applicable law or regulation 
            against any individual failing to file a report or 
            falsifying or failing to report information required to be 
            reported.
                (d)(1) Any individual who files a report required to be 
            filed under this title more than 30 days after the later 
            of--
                            (A) the date such report is required to be 
                        filed pursuant to the provisions of this title 
                        and the rules and regulations promulgated 
                        thereunder; or
                            (B) if a filing extension is granted to such 
                        individual under section 101(g), the last day of 
                        the filing extension period,

            shall, at the direction of and pursuant to regulations 
            issued by the supervising ethics office, pay a filing fee of 
            $200. All such fees shall be deposited in the miscellaneous 
            receipts of the Treasury. The authority under this paragraph 
            to direct the payment of a filing fee may be delegated by 
            the supervising ethics office in the executive branch to 
            other agencies in the executive branch.

                (2) The supervising ethics office may waive the filing 
            fee under this subsection in extraordinary circumstances. 
            (Pub. L. 95-521, Title I, Sec. 104, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 
            1832; Pub. L. 96-19, Sec. 8(a), June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 41; 
            Pub. L. 101-194, Title II, Sec. 202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 
            Stat. 1737; Pub. L. 101-280, Sec. 3(1), (5), May 4, 1990, 
            104 Stat. 152, 154; Pub. L. 101-650, Title IV, Sec. 405, 
            Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5124.)
      439.5  Sec. 105. Custody of and public access to reports.
                (a) Each agency, each supervising ethics office in the 
            executive or judicial branch, the Clerk of the House of 
            Representatives, and the Secretary of the Senate shall make 
            available to the public, in accordance with subsection (b), 
            each report filed under this title with such agency or 
            office or with the Clerk or the Secretary of the Senate, 
            except that--
                            (1) this section does not require public 
                        availability of a report filed by any individual 
                        in the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense 
                        Intelligence Agency, the National Imagery and 
                        Mapping Agency, or the National Security Agency, 
                        or any individual engaged in intelligence 
                        activities in any agency of the United States, 
                        if the President finds or has found that, due to 
                        the nature of the office or position occupied by 
                        such individual, public disclosure of such 
                        report would be revealing the identity of the 
                        individual or other sensitive information, 
                        compromise the national interest of the United 
                        States; and such individuals may be authorized, 
                        notwithstanding section 104(a), to file such 
                        additional reports as are necessary to protect 
                        their identity from public disclosure if the 
                        President first finds or has found that such 
                        filing is necessary in the national interest; 
                        and
                            (2) any report filed by an independent 
                        counsel whose identity has not been disclosed by 
                        the division of the court under chapter 40 of 
                        title 28, United States Code, and any report 
                        filed by any person appointed by that 
                        independent counsel under such chapter, shall 
                        not be made available to the public under this 
                        title.
                (b)(1) Except as provided in the second sentence of this 
            subsection, each agency, each supervising ethics office in 
            the executive or judicial branch, the Clerk of the House of 
            Representatives, and the Secretary of the Senate shall, 
            within thirty days after any report is received under this 
            title by such agency or office or by the Clerk or the 
            Secretary of the Senate, as the case may be, permit 
            inspection of such report by or furnish a copy of such 
            report to any person requesting such inspection or copy. 
            With respect to any report required to be filed by May 15 of 
            any year, such report shall be made available for public 
            inspection within 30 calendar days after May 15 of such year 
            or within 30 days of the date of filing of such a report for 
            which an extension is granted pursuant to section 101(g). 
            The agency, office, Clerk, or Secretary of the Senate, as 
            the case may be, may require a reasonable fee to be paid in 
            any amount which is found necessary to recover the cost of 
            reproduction or mailing of such report excluding any salary 
            of any employee involved in such reproduction or mailing. A 
            copy of such report may be furnished without charge or at a 
            reduced charge if it is determined that waiver or reduction 
            of the fee is in the public interest.
                (3)(A) This section does not require the immediate and 
            unconditional availability of reports filed by an individual 
            described in section 109(8) or 109(10) of this Act if a 
            finding is made by the Judicial Conference, in consultation 
            with United States Marshall Service, that revealing personal 
            and sensitive information could endanger that individual.
                (B) A report may be redacted pursuant to this paragraph 
            only--
                            (i) to the extent necessary to protect the 
                        individual who filed the report; and
                            (ii) for as long as the danger to such 
                        individual exists.
                (C) The Administrative Office of the United States 
            Courts shall submit to the Committees on the Judiciary of 
            the House of Representatives and of the Senate an annual 
            report with respect to the operation of this paragraph 
            including--
                            (i) the total number of reports redacted 
                        pursuant to this paragraph;
                            (ii) the total number of individuals whose 
                        reports have been redacted pursuant to this 
                        paragraph; and
                            (iii) the types of threats against 
                        individuals whose reports are redacted, if 
                        appropriate.
                (D) The Judicial Conference, in consultation with the 
            Department of Justice, shall issue regulations setting forth 
            the circumstances under which redaction is appropriate under 
            this paragraph and the procedures for redaction.
                (E) This paragraph shall expire on December 31, 2001, 
            and apply to filings through calendar year 2001.
                (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a report may not be 
            made available under this section to any person nor may any 
            copy thereof be provided under this section to any person 
            except upon a written application by such person stating--
                            (A) that person's name, occupation and 
                        address;
                            (B) the name and address of any other person 
                        or organization on whose behalf the inspection 
                        or copy is requested; and
                            (C) that such person is aware of the 
                        prohibitions on the obtaining or use of the 
                        report.

            Any such application shall be made available to the public 
            throughout the period during which the report is made 
            available to the public.

                (c)(1) It shall be unlawful for any person to obtain or 
            use a report--
                            (A) for any unlawful purpose;
                            (B) for any commercial purpose, other than 
                        by news and communications media for 
                        dissemination to the general public;
                            (C) for determining or establishing the 
                        credit rating of any individual; or
                            (D) for use, directly or indirectly, in the 
                        solicitation of money for any political, 
                        charitable, or other purpose.
                (2) The Attorney General may bring a civil action 
            against any person who obtains or uses a report for any 
            purpose prohibited in paragraph (1) of this subsection. The 
            court in which such action is brought may assess against 
            such person a penalty in any amount not to exceed $10,000. 
            Such remedy shall be in addition to any other remedy 
            available under statutory or common law.
                (d) Any report filed with or transmitted to an agency or 
            supervising ethics office or to the Clerk of the House of 
            Representatives or the Secretary of the Senate pursuant to 
            this title shall be retained by such agency or office or by 
            the Clerk or the Secretary of the Senate, as the case may 
            be. Such report shall be made available to the public for a 
            period of six years after receipt of the report. After such 
            six-year period the report shall be destroyed unless needed 
            in an ongoing investigation, except that in the case of an 
            individual who filed the report pursuant to section 101(b) 
            and was not subsequently confirmed by the Senate, or who 
            filed the report pursuant to section 101(c) and was not 
            subsequently elected, such report shall be destroyed one 
            year after the individual either is no longer under 
            consideration by the Senate or is no longer a candidate for 
            nomination or election to the Office of President, Vice 
            President, or as a Member of Congress, unless needed in an 
            ongoing investigation. (Pub. L. 95-521, Title I, Sec. 105, 
            Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1833; Pub. L. 101-194, Title II, 
            Sec. 202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1737; Pub. L. 101-280, 
            Sec. 3(6), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 154; Pub. L. 102-90, Title 
            III, Sec. 313(2), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 469; Pub. L. 103-
            359, Title V, Sec. 501(m), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3430; 
            Pub. L. 104-201, Div. A, Title XI, Sec. 1122(b)(2), Sept. 
            23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2687; Pub. L. 105-318, Sec. 7, Oct. 30, 
            1998, 112 Stat. 3011.)
      439.6  Sec. 106. Review of reports.
                (a)(1) Each designated agency ethics official or 
            Secretary concerned shall make provisions to ensure that 
            each report filed with him under this title is reviewed 
            within sixty days after the date of such filing, except that 
            the Director of the Office of Government Ethics shall review 
            only those reports required to be transmitted to him under 
            this title within sixty days after the date of transmittal.
                (2) Each congressional ethics committee and the Judicial 
            Conference shall make provisions to ensure that each report 
            filed under this title is reviewed within sixty days after 
            the date of such filing.
                (b)(1) If after reviewing any report under subsection 
            (a), the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, the 
            Secretary concerned, the designated agency ethics official, 
            a person designated by the congressional ethics committee, 
            or a person designated by the Judicial Conference, as the 
            case may be, is of the opinion that on the basis of 
            information contained in such report the individual 
            submitting such report is in compliance with applicable laws 
            and regulations, he shall state such opinion on the report, 
            and shall sign such report.
                (2) If the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, 
            the Secretary concerned, the designated agency ethics 
            official, a person designated by the congressional ethics 
            committee, or a person designated by the Judicial 
            Conference, after reviewing any report under subsection 
            (a)--
                            (A) believes additional information is 
                        required to be submitted, he shall notify the 
                        individual submitting such report what 
                        additional information is required and the time 
                        by which it must be submitted, or
                            (B) is of the opinion, on the basis of 
                        information submitted, that the individual is 
                        not in compliance with applicable laws and 
                        regulations, he shall notify the individual, 
                        afford a reasonable opportunity for a written or 
                        oral response, and after consideration of such 
                        response, reach an opinion as to whether or not, 
                        on the basis of information submitted, the 
                        individual is in compliance with such laws and 
                        regulations.
                (3) If the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, 
            the Secretary concerned, the designated agency ethics 
            official, a person designated by a congressional ethics 
            committee, or a person designated by the Judicial 
            Conference, reaches an opinion under paragraph (2)(B) that 
            an individual is not in compliance with applicable laws and 
            regulations, the official or committee shall notify the 
            individual of that opinion and, after an opportunity for 
            personal consultation (if practicable), determine and notify 
            the individual of which steps, if any, would in the opinion 
            of such official or committee be appropriate for assuring 
            compliance with such laws and regulations and the date by 
            which such steps should be taken. Such steps may include, as 
            appropriate--
                            (A) divestiture,
                            (B) restitution,
                            (C) the establishment of a blind trust,
                            (D) request for an exemption under section 
                        208(b) of title 18, United States Code, or
                            (E) voluntary request for transfer, 
                        reassignment, limitation of duties, or 
                        resignation.

            The use of any such steps shall be in accordance with such 
            rules or regulations as the supervising ethics office may 
            prescribe.

                (4) If steps for assuring compliance with applicable 
            laws and regulations are not taken by the date set under 
            paragraph (3) by an individual in a position in the 
            executive branch (other than in the Foreign Service or the 
            uniformed services), appointment to which requires the 
            advice and consent of the Senate, the matter shall be 
            referred to the President for appropriate action.
                (5) If steps for assuring compliance with applicable 
            laws and regulations are not taken by the date set under 
            paragraph (3) by a member of the Foreign Service or the 
            uniformed services, the Secretary concerned shall take 
            appropriate action.
                (6) If steps for assuring compliance with applicable 
            laws and regulations are not taken by the date set under 
            paragraph (3) by any other officer or employee, the matter 
            shall be referred to the head of the appropriate agency, the 
            congressional ethics committee, or the Judicial Conference, 
            for appropriate action; except that in the case of the 
            Postmaster General or Deputy Postmaster General, the 
            Director of the Office of Government Ethics shall recommend 
            to the Governors of the Board of Governors of the United 
            States Postal Service the action to be taken.
                (7) Each supervising ethics office may render advisory 
            opinions interpreting this title within its respective 
            jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
            the individual to whom a public advisory opinion is rendered 
            in accordance with this paragraph, and any other individual 
            covered by this title who is involved in a fact situation 
            which is indistinguishable in all material aspects, and who 
            acts in good faith in accordance with the provisions and 
            findings of such advisory opinion shall not, as a result of 
            such act, be subject to any penalty or sanction provided by 
            this title. (Pub. L. 95-521, Title I, Sec. 106, Oct. 26, 
            1978, 92 Stat. 1833; Pub. L. 101-194, Title II, Sec. 202, 
            Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1739; Pub. L. 101-280, Sec. 3(1), 
            (7), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152, 155.)
      439.7  Sec. 107. Confidential reports and other additional 
                requirements.
                (a)(1) Each supervising ethics office may require 
            officers and employees under its jurisdiction (including 
            special Government employees as defined in section 202 of 
            title 18, United States Code) to file confidential financial 
            disclosure reports, in such form as the supervising ethics 
            office may prescribe. The information required to be 
            reported under this subsection by the officers and employees 
            of any department or agency shall be set forth in rules or 
            regulations prescribed by the supervising ethics office, and 
            may be less extensive than otherwise required by this title, 
            or more extensive when determined by the supervising ethics 
            office to be necessary and appropriate in light of sections 
            202 through 209 of title 18, United States Code, regulations 
            promulgated thereunder, or the authorized activities of such 
            officers or employees. Any individual required to file a 
            report pursuant to section 101 shall not be required to file 
            a confidential report pursuant to this subsection, except 
            with respect to information which is more extensive than 
            information otherwise required by this title. Subsections 
            (a), (b), and (d) of section 105 shall not apply with 
            respect to any such report.
                (2) Any information required to be provided by an 
            individual under this subsection shall be confidential and 
            shall not be disclosed to the public.
                (3) Nothing in this subsection exempts any individual 
            otherwise covered by the requirement to file a public 
            financial disclosure report under this title from such 
            requirement.
                (b) The provisions of this title requiring the reporting 
            of information shall supersede any general requirement under 
            any other provision of law or regulation with respect to the 
            reporting of information required for purposes of preventing 
            conflicts of interest or apparent conflicts of interest. 
            Such provisions of this title shall not supersede the 
            requirements of section 7342 of title 5, United States Code.
                (c) Nothing in this Act requiring reporting of 
            information shall be deemed to authorize the receipt of 
            income, gifts, or reimbursements; the holding of assets, 
            liabilities, or positions; or the participation in 
            transactions that are prohibited by law, Executive order, 
            rule, or regulation. (Pub. L. 95-521, Title I, Sec. 107, 
            Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 96-19, Sec. 9(d), (g), 
            June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 42, 43; Pub. L. 101-194, Title II, 
            Sec. 202 Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1740.)
      439.8  Sec. 108. Authority of Comptroller General.
                (a) The Comptroller General shall have access to 
            financial disclosure reports filed under this title for the 
            purposes of carrying out his statutory responsibilities.
                (b) No later than December 31, 1992, and regularly 
            thereafter, the Comptroller General shall conduct a study to 
            determine whether the provisions of this title are being 
            carried out effectively. (Pub. L. 95-521, Title I, Sec. 108, 
            Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1835; Pub. L. 96-19, Sec. 9(t), June 
            13, 1979, 93 Stat. 44; Pub. L. 101-194, Title II, Sec. 202, 
            Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1741.)
      439.9  Sec. 109. Definitions.
                For the purposes of this title, the term--
                            (1) ``congressional ethics committees'' 
                        means the Select Committee on Ethics of the 
                        Senate and the Committee on Standards of 
                        Official Conduct of the House of 
                        Representatives;
                            (2) ``dependent child'' means, when used 
                        with respect to any reporting individual, any 
                        individual who is a son, daughter, stepson, or 
                        stepdaughter and who--

                                (A) is unmarried and under age 21 and is 
                            living in the household of such reporting 
                            individual; or

                                (B) is a dependent of such reporting 
                            individual within the meaning of section 152 
                            of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;

                            (3) ``designated agency ethics official'' 
                        means an officer or employee who is designated 
                        to administer the provisions of this title 
                        within an agency;
                            (4) ``executive branch'' includes each 
                        Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of 
                        title 5, United States Code), other than the 
                        General Accounting Office, and any other entity 
                        or administrative unit in the executive branch;
                            (5) ``gift'' means a payment, advance, 
                        forbearance, rendering, or deposit of money, or 
                        any thing of value, unless consideration of 
                        equal or greater value is received by the donor, 
                        but does not include--

                                (A) bequest and other forms of 
                            inheritance;

                                (B) suitable mementos of a function 
                            honoring the reporting individual;

                                (C) food, lodging, transportation, and 
                            entertainment provided by a foreign 
                            government within a foreign country or by 
                            the United States Government, the District 
                            of Columbia, or a State or local government 
                            or political subdivision thereof;

                                (D) food and beverages which are not 
                            consumed in connection with a gift of 
                            overnight lodging;

                                (E) communications to the offices of a 
                            reporting individual, including 
                            subscriptions to newspapers and periodicals; 
                            or

                                (F) consumable products provided by 
                            home-State businesses to the offices of a 
                            reporting individual who is an elected 
                            official, if those products are intended for 
                            consumption by persons other than such 
                            reporting individual;

                            (6) ``honoraria'' has the meaning given such 
                        term in section 505 of this Act;
                            (7) ``income'' means all income from 
                        whatever source derived, including but not 
                        limited to the following items: compensation for 
                        services, including fees, commissions, and 
                        similar items; gross income derived from 
                        business (and net income if the individual 
                        elects to include it); gains derived from 
                        dealings in property; interest; rents; 
                        royalties; dividends; annuities; income from 
                        life insurance and endowment contracts; 
                        pensions; income from discharge of indebtedness; 
                        distributive share of partnership income; and 
                        income from an interest in an estate or trust;
                            (8) ``judicial employee'' means any employee 
                        of the judicial branch of the Government, of the 
                        United States Sentencing Commission, of the Tax 
                        Court, of the Claims Court, of the Court of 
                        Appeals for Veterans Claims, or of the United 
                        States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, 
                        who is not a judicial officer and who is 
                        authorized to perform adjudicatory functions 
                        with respect to proceedings in the judicial 
                        branch, or who occupies a position for which the 
                        rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than 
                        120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay 
                        payable for GS-15 of the General Schedule;
                            (9) ``Judicial Conference'' means the 
                        Judicial Conference of the United States;
                            (10) ``judicial officer'' means the Chief 
                        Justice of the United States, the Associate 
                        Justices of the Supreme Court, and the judges of 
                        the United States courts of appeals, United 
                        States district courts, including the district 
                        courts in Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, 
                        and the Virgin Islands, Court of Appeals for the 
                        Federal Circuit, Court of International Trade, 
                        Tax Court, Claims Court, Court of Appeals for 
                        Veterans Claims, United States Court of Appeals 
                        for the Armed Forces, and any court created by 
                        Act of Congress, the judges of which are 
                        entitled to hold office during good behavior;
                            (11) ``legislative branch'' includes--

                                (A) the Architect of the Capitol;

                                (B) the Botanic Gardens;

                                (C) the Congressional Budget Office;

                                (D) the General Accounting Office;

                                (E) the Government Printing Office;

                                (F) the Library of Congress;

                                (G) the United States Capitol Police;

                                (H) the Office of Technology Assessment; 
                            and

                                (I) any other agency, entity, office, or 
                            commission established in the legislative 
                            branch;

                            (12) ``Member of Congress'' means a United 
                        States Senator, a Representative in Congress, a 
                        Delegate to Congress, or the Resident 
                        Commissioner from Puerto Rico;
                            (13) ``officer or employee of the Congress'' 
                        means--

                                (A) any individual described under 
                            subparagraph (B), other than a Member of 
                            Congress or the Vice President, whose 
                            compensation is disbursed by the Secretary 
                            of the Senate or the Chief Administrative 
                            Officer of the House of Representatives;

                                (B)(i) each officer or employee of the 
                            legislative branch who, for at least 60 
                            days, occupies a position for which the rate 
                            of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 
                            percent of the minimum rate of basic pay 
                            payable for GS-15 of the General Schedule; 
                            and

                                (ii) at least one principal assistant 
                            designated for purposes of this paragraph by 
                            each Member who does not have an employee 
                            who occupies a position for which the rate 
                            of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 
                            percent of the minimum rate of basic pay 
                            payable for GS-15 of the General Schedule;

                            (14) ``personal hospitality of any 
                        individual'' means hospitality extended for a 
                        nonbusiness purpose by an individual, not a 
                        corporation or organization, at the personal 
                        residence of that individual or his family or on 
                        property or facilities owned by that individual 
                        or his family;
                            (15) ``reimbursement'' means any payment or 
                        other thing of value received by the reporting 
                        individual, other than gifts, to cover travel-
                        related expenses of such individual other than 
                        those which are--

                                (A) provided by the United States 
                            Government, the District of Columbia, or a 
                            State or local government or political 
                            subdivision thereof;

                                (B) required to be reported by the 
                            reporting individual under section 7342 of 
                            title 5, United States Code; or

                                (C) required to be reported under 
                            section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign 
                            Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434);

                            (16) ``relative'' means an individual who is 
                        related to the reporting individual, as father, 
                        mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, uncle, 
                        aunt, great aunt, great uncle, first cousin, 
                        nephew, niece, husband, wife, grandfather, 
                        grandmother, grandson, granddaughter, father-in-
                        law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, 
                        brother-in-law, sister-in-law, stepfather, 
                        stepmother, stepson, stepdaughter, stepbrother, 
                        stepsister, half brother, half sister, or who is 
                        the grandfather or grandmother of the spouse of 
                        the reporting individual, and shall be deemed to 
                        include the fiance or fiancee of the reporting 
                        individual;
                            (17) ``Secretary concerned'' has the meaning 
                        set forth in section 101(a)(9) of title 10, 
                        United States Code, and, in addition, means--

                                (A) the Secretary of Commerce, with 
                            respect to matters concerning the National 
                            Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;

                                (B) the Secretary of Health and Human 
                            Services, with respect to matters concerning 
                            the Public Health Service; and

                                (C) the Secretary of State, with respect 
                            to matters concerning the Foreign Service;

                            (18) ``supervising ethics office'' means--

                                (A) the Select Committee on Ethics of 
                            the Senate, for Senators, officers and 
                            employees of the Senate, and other officers 
                            or employees of the legislative branch 
                            required to file financial disclosure 
                            reports with the Secretary of the Senate 
                            pursuant to section 103(h) of this title;

                                (B) the Committee on Standards of 
                            Official Conduct of the House of 
                            Representatives, for Members, officers and 
                            employees of the House of Representatives 
                            and other officers or employees of the 
                            legislative branch required to file 
                            financial disclosure reports with the Clerk 
                            of the House of Representatives pursuant to 
                            section 103(h) of this title;

                                (C) the Judicial Conference for judicial 
                            officers and judicial employees; and

                                (D) the Office of Government Ethics for 
                            all executive branch officers and employees; 
                            and

                            (19) ``value'' means a good faith estimate 
                        of the dollar value if the exact value is 
                        neither known nor easily obtainable by the 
                        reporting individual.

            (Pub. L. 95-521, Title I, Sec. 109, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 
            1836; Pub. L. 101-194, Title II, Sec. 202, Nov. 30, 1989, 
            103 Stat. 1724; Pub. L. 101-280, Sec. 3(1), (8), May 4, 
            1990, 104 Stat. 152, 155; Pub. L. 102-378, Sec. 4(a)(2), 
            Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1357; Pub. L. 102-572, Title IX, 
            Sec. 902(b)(2), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516; Pub. L. 103-
            160, Div. A, Title XI, Sec. 1182(d)(3), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 
            Stat. 1773; Pub. L. 103-337, Div. A, Title IX, 
            Sec. 924(d)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2832; Pub. L. 104-
            186, Title II, Sec. 216(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1747.)

     439.10  Sec. 110. Notice of actions taken to comply with ethics 
                agreements.
                (a) In any case in which an individual agrees with that 
            individual's designated agency ethics official, the Office 
            of Government Ethics, a Senate confirmation committee, a 
            congressional ethics committee, or the Judicial Conference, 
            to take any action to comply with this Act or any other law 
            or regulation governing conflicts of interest of, or 
            establishing standards of conduct applicable with respect 
            to, officers or employees of the Government, that individual 
            shall notify in writing the designated agency ethics 
            official, the Office of Government Ethics, the appropriate 
            committee of the Senate, the congressional ethics committee, 
            or the Judicial Conference, as the case may be, of any 
            action taken by the individual pursuant to that agreement. 
            Such notification shall be made not later than the date 
            specified in the agreement by which action by the individual 
            must be taken, or not later than three months after the date 
            of the agreement, if no date for action is so specified.
                (b) If an agreement described in subsection (a) requires 
            that the individual recuse himself or herself from 
            particular categories of agency or other official action, 
            the individual shall reduce to writing those subjects 
            regarding which the recusal agreement will apply and the 
            process by which it will be determined whether the 
            individual must recuse himself or herself in a specific 
            instance. An individual shall be considered to have complied 
            with the requirements of subsection (a) with respect to such 
            recusal agreement if such individual files a copy of the 
            document setting forth the information described in the 
            preceding sentence with such individual's designated agency 
            ethics official or the appropriate supervising ethics office 
            within the time prescribed in the last sentence of 
            subsection (a). (Pub. L. 101-194, Title II, Sec. 202, Nov. 
            30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1744, amended Pub. L. 101-280, 
            Sec. 3(1), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152.)
     439.11  Sec. 111. Administration of provisions.
                The provisions of this title shall be administered by--
                            (1) The Director of the Office of Government 
                        Ethics, the designated agency ethics official, 
                        or the Secretary concerned, as appropriate, with 
                        regard to officers and employees described in 
                        paragraphs (1) through (8) of section 101(f);
                            (2) the Select Committee on Ethics of the 
                        Senate and the Committee on Standards of 
                        Official Conduct of the House of 
                        Representatives, as appropriate, with regard to 
                        officers and employees described in paragraphs 
                        (9) and (10) of section 101(f); and
                            (3) the Judicial Conference in the case of 
                        an officer or employee described in paragraphs 
                        (11) and (12) of section 101(f).

            The Judicial Conference may delegate any authority it has 
            under this title to an ethics committee established by the 
            Judicial Conference. (Pub. L. 95-521, Title I, Sec. 111, as 
            added Pub. L. 101-194, Title II, Sec. 202, Nov. 30, 1989, 
            103 Stat. 1744, amended Pub. L. 101-280, Sec. 3(1), (9), May 
            4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152, 157.)

            [Sec. 112. Repealed.] (Pub.L. 101-280, Sec. 3(10)(A), May 4, 
                1990, 104 Stat. 157.)

  

        440    Governmentwide Limitations on Outside Earned Income and 
                                     Employment

  

      440.1  Sec. 501. Outside earned income limitation.
                (a) Outside earned income limitation.--
                            (1) Except as provided by paragraph (2), a 
                        Member or an officer or employee who is a 
                        noncareer officer or employee and who occupies a 
                        position classified above GS-15 of the General 
                        Schedule, or in the case of positions not under 
                        the General Schedule, for which the rate of work 
                        pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of 
                        the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS-15 
                        of the General Schedule, may not in any calendar 
                        year have outside earned income attributable to 
                        such calendar year which exceeds 15 percent of 
                        the annual rate of basic pay for level II of the 
                        Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 
                        5, United States Code, as of January 1 of such 
                        calendar year.
                            (2) In the case of any individual who during 
                        a calendar year becomes a Member or an officer 
                        or employee who is a noncareer officer or 
                        employee and who occupies a position classified 
                        above GS-15 of the General Schedule, or in the 
                        case of positions not under the General 
                        Schedule, for which the rate of work pay is 
                        equal to or greater than 120 percent of the 
                        minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS-15 of 
                        the General Schedule, such individual may not 
                        have outside earned income attributable to the 
                        portion of that calendar year which occurs after 
                        such individual becomes a Member or such an 
                        officer or employee which exceeds 15 percent of 
                        the annual rate of basic pay for level II of the 
                        Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 
                        5, United States Code, as of January 1 of such 
                        calendar year multiplied by a fraction the 
                        numerator of which is the number of days such 
                        individual is a Member or such officer or 
                        employee during such calendar year and the 
                        denominator of which is 365.
                (b) Honoraria prohibition.--An individual may not 
            receive any honorarium while that individual is a Member, 
            officer or employee.
                (c) Treatment of charitable contributions.--Any 
            honorarium which, except for subsection (b), might be paid 
            to a Member, officer or employee, but which is paid instead 
            on behalf of such Member, officer or employee to a 
            charitable organization, shall be deemed not to be received 
            by such Member, officer or employee. No such payment shall 
            exceed $2,000 or be made to a charitable organization from 
            which such individual or a parent, sibling, spouse, child, 
            or dependent relative of such individual derives any 
            financial benefit. (Pub. L. 95-521, Title V, Oct. 26, 1978, 
            92 Stat. 1864, as amended Pub. L. 101-194, Title VI 
            Sec. 601(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1760; Pub. L. 101-280, 
            Sec. 7(a), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 161; Pub. L. 102-378, 
            Sec. 4(b)(1), (2), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1357.)
      440.2  Sec. 502. Limitations on outside employment.
                (a) Limitations.--A Member or an officer or employee who 
            is a noncareer officer or employee and who occupies a 
            position classified above GS-15 of the General Schedule, or 
            in the case of positions not under the General Schedule, for 
            which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 
            percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS-15 
            of the General Schedule, shall not--
                            (1) receive compensation for affiliating 
                        with or being employed by a firm, partnership, 
                        association, corporation, or other entity which 
                        provides professional services involving a 
                        fiduciary relationship;
                            (2) permit that Member's, officer's or 
                        employee's name to be used by any such firm, 
                        partnership, association, corporation, or other 
                        entity;
                            (3) receive compensation for practicing a 
                        profession which involves a fiduciary 
                        relationship;
                            (4) serve for compensation as an officer or 
                        member of the board of any association, 
                        corporation, or other entity; or
                            (5) receive compensation for teaching, 
                        without the prior notification and approval of 
                        the appropriate entity referred to in section 
                        503.
                (b) Teaching compensation of justices and judges retired 
            from regular active service.--For purposes of the limitation 
            under section 501(a), any compensation for teaching approved 
            under subsection (a)(5) of this section shall not be treated 
            as outside earned income--
                            (1) when received by a justice of the United 
                        States retired from regular active service under 
                        section 371(b) of title 28, United States Code;
                            (2) when received by a judge of the United 
                        States retired from regular active service under 
                        section 371(b) of title 28, United States Code, 
                        for teaching performed during any calendar year 
                        for which such judge has met the requirements of 
                        subsection (f) of section 371 of title 28, 
                        United States Code, as certified in accordance 
                        with such subsection; or
                            (3) when received by a justice or judge of 
                        the United States retired from regular active 
                        service under section 372(a) of title 28, United 
                        States Code.

            (Pub. L. 95-521, Title V, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1864, as 
            amended Pub. L. 101-194, Title VI Sec. 601(a), Nov. 30, 
            1989, 103 Stat. 1760; Pub. L. 101-280, Sec. 7(a)(1),(b), May 
            4, 1990, 104 Stat. 161; Pub. L. 101-650, Title III, 
            Sec. 319, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117; Pub. L. 102-198, 
            Sec. 6, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1624; Pub. L. 102-378, 
            Sec. 4(b) (1), (2), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1357.)

      440.3  Sec. 503. Administration.
                This title shall be subject to the rules and regulations 
            of--
                            (1) and administered by--

                                (A) the Committee on Standards of 
                            Official Conduct of the House of 
                            Representatives, with respect to Members, 
                            officers, and employees of the House of 
                            Representatives; and

                                (B) in the case of Senators and 
                            legislative branch officers and employees 
                            other than those officers and employees 
                            specified in subparagraph (A), the committee 
                            to which reports filed by such officers and 
                            employees under title I are transmitted 
                            under such title, except that the authority 
                            of this section may be delegated by such 
                            committee with respect to such officer and 
                            employees;

                            (2) the Office of Government Ethics and 
                        administered by designated agency ethics 
                        officials with respect to officers and employees 
                        of the executive branch; and
                            (3) and administered by the Judicial 
                        Conference of the United States (or such other 
                        agency as it may designate) with respect to 
                        officers and employees of the judicial branch. 
                        (Pub. L. 95-521, Title V, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 
                        Stat. 1864, as amended Pub. L. 101-194, Title 
                        VI, Sec. 601(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1761; 
                        Pub. L. 101-280, Sec. 7(c), May 4, 1990, 104 
                        Stat. 161; Pub. L. 102-90, Title I, 
                        Sec. 6(b)(1), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 450.)
      440.4  Sec. 504. Civil penalties.
                (a) Civil action.--The Attorney General may bring a 
            civil action in any appropriate United States district court 
            against any individual who violates any provision of section 
            501 or 502. The court in which such action is brought may 
            assess against such individual a civil penalty of not more 
            than $10,000 or the amount of compensation, if any, which 
            the individual received for the prohibited conduct, 
            whichever is greater.
                (b) Advisory opinions.--Any entity described in section 
            503 may render advisory opinions interpreting this title, in 
            writing, to individuals covered by this title. Any 
            individual to whom such an advisory opinion is rendered and 
            any other individual covered by this title who is involved 
            in a fact situation which is indistinguishable in all 
            material aspects, and who, after the issuance of such 
            advisory opinion, acts in good faith in accordance with its 
            provisions and findings shall not, as a result of such 
            actions, be subject to any sanction under subsection (a).

            (Pub. L. 95-521, Title V, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1864, as 
            amended Pub. L. 101-194, Title VI, Sec. 601(a), Nov. 30, 
            1989, 103 Stat. 1761.)

    440.5 
     Sec. 
     440.5  Sec. 505. Definitions.
                For purposes of this title:
                            (1) The term ``Member'' means a Senator in, 
                        a Representative in, or a Delegate or Resident 
                        Commissioner to, the Congress.
                            (2) The term ``officer or employee'' means 
                        an officer or employee of the Government except 
                        any special Government employee (as defined in 
                        section 202 of title 18, United States Code).
                            (3) The term ``honorarium'' means a payment 
                        of money or anything of value for an appearance, 
                        speech or article (including a series of 
                        appearances, speeches, or articles if the 
                        subject matter is directly related to the 
                        individual's official duties or the payment is 
                        made because of the individual's status with the 
                        Government) by a Member, officer or employee, 
                        excluding any actual and necessary travel 
                        expenses incurred by such individual (and one 
                        relative) to the extent that such expenses are 
                        paid or reimbursed by any other person, and the 
                        amount otherwise determined shall be reduced by 
                        the amount of any such expenses to the extent 
                        that such expenses are not paid or reimbursed.
                            (4) The term ``travel expenses'' means, with 
                        respect to a Member, officer or employee, or a 
                        relative of any such individual, the cost of 
                        transportation, and the cost of lodging and 
                        meals while away from his or her residence or 
                        principal place of employment.
                            (5) The term ``charitable organization'' 
                        means an organization described in section 
                        170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

            (Pub. L. 95-521, Title V, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1864, as 
            amended Pub. L. 101-194, Title VI, Sec. 601(a), Nov. 30, 
            1989, 103 Stat. 1761; Pub. L. 102-90, Title I, Sec. 6(b)(2), 
            (3), Title III, Sec. 314(b), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 450, 
            469.)
                               10 u.s.c.--armed forces

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                               TITLE 10.--ARMED FORCES

            
                          Chapter 2.--DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

                                    * * * * * * *

        441  Sec. 114. Annual authorization of appropriations.
                (a) No funds may be appropriated for any fiscal year to 
            or for the use of any armed forces or obligated or expended 
            for--
                            (1) procurement of aircraft, missiles, or 
                        naval vessels;
                            (2) any research, development, test, or 
                        evaluation, or procurement or production related 
                        thereto;
                            (3) procurement of tracked combat vehicles;
                            (4) procurement of other weapons;
                            (5) procurement of naval torpedoes and 
                        related support equipment;
                            (6) military construction;
                            (7) the operation and maintenance of any 
                        armed force or of the activities and agencies of 
                        the Department of Defense (other than the 
                        military departments);
                            (8) procurement of ammunition; or
                            (9) other procurement by any armed force or 
                        by the activities and agencies of the Department 
                        of Defense (other than the military 
                        departments);

            unless funds therefore have been specifically authorized by 
            law.

                (b) In subsection (a)(6), the term ``military 
            construction'' includes any construction, development, 
            conversion, or extension of any kind which is carried out 
            with respect to any military facility or installation 
            (including any Government-owned or Government-leased 
            industrial facility used for the production of defense 
            articles and any facility to which section 2353 of this 
            title applies), any activity to which section 2807 of this 
            title applies, any activity to which chapter 1803 of this 
            title applies, and advances to the Secretary of 
            Transportation for the construction of defense access roads 
            under section 210 of title 23. Such term does not include 
            any activity to which section 2821 or 2854 of this title 
            applies.
                (c)(1) The size of the Special Defense Acquisition Fund 
            established pursuant to chapter 5 of the Arms Export Control 
            Act (22 U.S.C. 2795 et seq.) may not exceed $1,070,000,000.
                (2) Notwithstanding section 37(a) of the Arms Export 
            Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2777(a)), amounts received by the 
            United States pursuant to subparagraph (A) of section 
            21(a)(1) of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2761(a)(1)--
                            (A) shall be credited to the Special Defense 
                        Acquisition Fund established pursuant to chapter 
                        5 of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2795 et seq.), as 
                        authorized by section 51(b)(1) of that Act (22 
                        U.S.C. 2795(b)(1)), but subject to the 
                        limitation in paragraph (1) and other applicable 
                        law; and
                            (B) to the extent not so credited, shall be 
                        deposited in the Treasury as miscellaneous 
                        receipts as provided in section 3302(b) of title 
                        31.
                (d) Funds may be appropriated for the armed forces for 
            use as an emergency fund for research, development, test, 
            and evaluation, or related procurement or production, only 
            if the appropriation of the funds is authorized by law after 
            June 30, 1966.
                (e) In each budget submitted by the President to 
            Congress under section 1105 of title 31, amounts requested 
            for procurement of equipment for the reserve components of 
            the armed forces (including the National Guard) shall be set 
            forth separately from other amounts requested for 
            procurement for the armed forces.
                (f) In each budget submitted by the President to 
            Congress under section 1105 of title 31, amounts requested 
            for procurement of ammunition for the Navy and Marine Corps, 
            and for procurement of ammunition for the Air Force, shall 
            be set forth separately from other amounts requested for 
            procurement.

            (Added Nov. 16, 1973, P.L. 93-155, Title VIII, Sec. 803(a), 
            87 Stat. 612; Oct. 7, 1975, P.L. 94-106, Title VIII, 
            Sec. 801(a), 89 Stat. 537; July 14, 1976, P.L. 94-361, Title 
            III, Sec. 302, 90 Stat. 924; Nov. 9, 1979, P.L. 96-107, 
            Title III, Sec. 303(b), 93 Stat. 806; Sept. 8, 1980, P.L. 
            96-342, Title X, Sec. 1001(a)(1), (b), (c), (d)(1), 94 Stat. 
            1117; Dec. 12, 1980, P.L. 96-513, Title I, Sec. 102, Title 
            V, Part B, Sec. 511(4), 94 Stat. 2840, 2920; July 10, 1981, 
            P.L. 97-22, Sec. 2(b), 95 Stat. 124; Dec. 1, 1981, P.L. 97-
            86, Title III, Sec. 302, Title IX, Sec. Sec. 901(a), 902, 
            903, 95 Stat. 1104, 1113; Dec. 29, 1981, P.L. 97-113, Title 
            I, Sec. 108(b), 95 Stat. 1524; July 12, 1982, P.L. 97-214, 
            Sec. 4, 96 Stat. 170; Sept. 8, 1982, P.L. 97-252, Title IV, 
            Sec. 402(a), Title XI, Sec. Sec. 1103, 1105, 96 Stat. 725, 
            738; Oct. 12, 1982, P.L. 97-295, Sec. 1(3), (4), 96 Stat. 
            1289; Oct. 19, 1984, P.L. 98-525, Title XIV, Sec. 1405(2), 
            98 Stat. 2621; Nov. 8, 1985, P.L. 99-145, Title XII, Part A, 
            Sec. 1208, Title XIV, Part A, Sec. 1403, 99 Stat. 723, 743; 
            Oct. 1, 1986, P.L. 99-433, Title I, Sec. Sec. 101(a)(2) in 
            part, 110(b), 100 Stat. 994, 1002; Nov. 14, 1986, P.L. 99-
            661, Div. A, Title I, Part A, Sec. 105(d), Title XIII, Part 
            A, Sec. 1304(a), 100 Stat. 3827, 3979; Apr. 21, 1987, P.L. 
            100-26, Sec. 7(j)(1), 101 Stat. 282; Dec. 4, 1987, P.L. 100-
            180, Div. A, Title XII, Part A, Sec. 1203, 101 Stat. 1154; 
            Nov. 29, 1989, P.L. 101-189, Div. A, Title XVI, Part A, 
            Sec. 1602(b), 103 Stat. 1597; Nov. 5, 1990, P.L. 101-510, 
            Div. A, Title XIV, Part H, Sec. 1481(a)(1), 104 Stat. 1704; 
            Feb. 10, 1996, P.L. 104-106, Div. A, Title XV, 
            Sec. 1501(c)(2), 110 Stat. 498; Sept. 23, 1996, P.L. 104-
            201, Div. A, Title X, Subtitle A, Sec. 1005, 110 Stat. 
            2632.)

      441.1  Sec. 115. Personnel strengths: requirement for annual 
                authorization.
                (a) Congress shall authorize personnel strength levels 
            for each fiscal year for each of the following:
                            (1) The end strength for each of the armed 
                        forces (other than the Coast Guard) for (A) 
                        active-duty personnel who are to be paid from 
                        funds appropriated for active-duty personnel, 
                        and (B) active-duty personnel and full-time 
                        National Guard duty personnel who are to be paid 
                        from funds appropriated for reserve personnel.
                            (2) The end strength for the Selected 
                        Reserve of each reserve component of the armed 
                        forces.
                (b) No funds may be appropriated for any fiscal year to 
            or for--
                            (1) the use of active-duty personnel or 
                        full-time National Guard duty personnel of any 
                        of the armed forces (other than the Coast Guard) 
                        unless the end strength for such personnel of 
                        that armed force for that fiscal year has been 
                        authorized by law; or
                            (2) the use of the Selected Reserve of any 
                        reserve component of the armed forces unless the 
                        end strength for the Selected Reserve of that 
                        component for that fiscal year has been 
                        authorized by law.
                (c) Upon determination by the Secretary of Defense that 
            such action is in the national interest, the Secretary may--
                            (1) increase the end strength authorized 
                        pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A) for a fiscal 
                        year for any of the armed forces by a number 
                        equal to not more than 1 percent of that end 
                        strength; and
                            (2) increase the end strength authorized 
                        pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(B) for a fiscal 
                        year for any of the armed forces by a number 
                        equal to not more than 2 percent of that end 
                        strength.
                            (3) vary the end strength authorized 
                        pursuant to subsection (a)(2) for a fiscal year 
                        for the Selected Reserve of any of the reserve 
                        components by a number equal to not more than 2 
                        percent of that end strength.
                (d) In counting active-duty personnel for the purpose of 
            the end-strengths authorized pursuant to subsection (a)(1), 
            persons in the following categories shall be excluded:
                            (1) Members of the Ready Reserve ordered to 
                        active duty under section 12302 of this title.
                            (2) Members of the Selected Reserve of the 
                        Ready Reserve ordered to active duty under 
                        section 12304 of this title.
                            (3) Members of the National Guard called 
                        into Federal service under section 12406 of this 
                        title.
                            (4) Members of the militia called into 
                        Federal service under chapter 15 of this title.
                            (5) Members of reserve components on active 
                        duty for training.
                            (6) Members of reserve components on active 
                        duty for 180 days or less to perform special 
                        work.
                            (7) Members on full-time National Guard duty 
                        for 180 days or less.
                            (8) Members of the Selected Reserve of the 
                        Ready Reserve on active duty for more that 
                        [than] 180 days to support programs described in 
                        section 1203(b) of the Cooperative Threat 
                        Reduction Act of 1993 (title XII of Public Law 
                        103-160; 22 U.S.C. 5952(b)).
                (e) The authorized strength of the Navy under subsection 
            (a)(1) is increased by the authorized strength of the Coast 
            Guard during any period when the Coast Guard is operating as 
            a service in the Navy.
                (f) [Deleted]
                (g) Congress shall authorize for each fiscal year the 
            end strength for military technicians (dual status) for each 
            reserve component of the Army and Air Force. Funds available 
            to the Department of Defense for any fiscal year may not be 
            used for the pay of a military technician (dual status) 
            during that fiscal year unless the technician fills a 
            position that is within the number of such positions 
            authorized by law for that fiscal year for the reserve 
            component of that technician. This subsection applies 
            without regard to section 129 of this title. In each budget 
            submitted by the President to Congress under section 1105 of 
            title 31, the end strength requested for military 
            technicians (dual status) for each reserve component of the 
            Army and Air Force shall be specifically set forth. (Added 
            Nov. 5, 1990, P.L. 101-510, Div. A, Title XIV, Part H, 
            Sec. 1483(a), 104 Stat. 1710; Dec. 5, 1991, P.L. 102-190, 
            Div. A, Title III, Part B, Sec. 312(a), 105 Stat. 1335; Feb. 
            10, 1996, P.L. 104-106, Div. A, Title IV, Subtitle A, 
            Sec. 401(c), Subtitle B, Sec. 415, Title V, Subtitle B, 
            Sec. 513(a)(1), Title X, Subtitle F, Sec. 1061(c), Title XV, 
            Sec. 1501(c)(3), 110 Stat. 286, 288, 305, 442, 498; Nov. 18, 
            1997, P.L. 105-85, Div. A, Title IV, Subtitle B, 
            Sec. 413(b), Subtitle C, Sec. 522(i)(1), 111 Stat. 1720, 
            1736.)
     441.1a  Sec. 115a. Annual manpower requirements report.
                (a) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress an 
            annual manpower requirements report. The report, which shall 
            be in writing, shall be submitted each year not later than 
            45 days after the date on which the President submits to 
            Congress the budget for the next fiscal year under section 
            1105 and of title 31. The report shall contain the 
            Secretary's recommendations for--
                            (1) the annual active-duty end-strength 
                        level for each component of the armed forces for 
                        the next fiscal year; and
                            (2) the annual civilian personnel end-
                        strength level for each component of the 
                        Department of Defense for the next fiscal year.
                (b)(1) The Secretary shall include in each report under 
            subsection (a) justification for the strength levels 
            recommended and an explanation of the relationship between 
            the personnel strength levels recommended for that fiscal 
            year and the national security policies of the United States 
            in effect at the time.
                (2) The justification and explanation shall specify in 
            detail for all major military force units (including each 
            land force division, carrier and other major combatant 
            vessel, air wing, and other comparable unit) the following:
                            (A) Unit mission and capability.
                            (B) Strategy which the unit supports.
                (3) The justification and explanation shall also specify 
            in detail the manpower required to perform the medical 
            missions of each of the armed forces and of the Department 
            of Defense.
                (c) The Secretary shall include in each report under 
            subsection (a) a detailed discussion of the following:
                            (1) The manpower required for support and 
                        overhead functions within the armed forces and 
                        the Department of Defense.
                            (2) The relationship of the manpower 
                        required for support and overhead functions to 
                        the primary combat missions and support 
                        policies.
                            (3) The manpower required to be stationed or 
                        assigned to duty in foreign countries and abroad 
                        vessels located outside the territorial limits 
                        of the United States, its territories, and 
                        possessions.
                (d) The Secretary shall also include in each such 
            report, with respect to each armed force under the 
            jurisdiction of the Secretary of a military department, the 
            following:
                            (1) The number of positions that require 
                        warrant officers or commissioned officers 
                        serving on active duty in each of the officer 
                        grades during the current fiscal year and the 
                        estimated number of such positions for each of 
                        the next five fiscal years.
                            (2) The estimated number of officers that 
                        will be serving on active duty in each grade on 
                        the last day of the current fiscal year and the 
                        estimated numbers of officers that will be 
                        needed on active duty on the last day of each of 
                        the next five fiscal years.
                            (3) An estimate and analysis for the current 
                        fiscal year and for each of the next five fiscal 
                        years of gains to and losses from the number of 
                        members on active duty in each officer grade, 
                        including a tabulation of--

                                (A) retirements displayed by year of 
                            active commissioned service;

                                (B) discharges;

                                (C) other separations;

                                (D) deaths;

                                (E) promotions; and

                                (F) reserve and regular officers ordered 
                            to active duty.

                (e)(1) In each such report, the Secretary shall also 
            include recommendations for the end-strength levels for 
            medical personnel for each component of the armed forces as 
            of the end of the next fiscal year.
                (2) For purposes of this subsection, the term ``medical 
            personnel'' includes--
                            (A) in the case of the Army, members of the 
                        Medical Corps, Dental Corps, Nurse Corps, 
                        Medical Service Corps, Veterinary Corps, and 
                        Army Medical Specialist Corps;
                            (B) in the case of the Navy, members of the 
                        Medical Corps, Dental Corps, Nurse Corps, and 
                        Medical Service Corps;
                            (C) in the case of the Air Force, members 
                        designated as medical officers, dental officers, 
                        Air Force nurses, medical service officers, and 
                        biomedical science officers;
                            (D) enlisted members engaged in or 
                        supporting medically related activities; and
                            (E) such other personnel as the Secretary 
                        considers appropriate.
                (f) [Deleted]
                (g) [Redesignated]
                (h) In each such report, the Secretary shall include a 
            separate report on the Army and Air Force military 
            technician programs. The report shall include a 
            presentation, shown by reserve component and shown both as 
            of the end of the preceding fiscal year and for the next 
            fiscal year, of the following (displayed in the aggregate 
            and separately for military technicians (dual status) and 
            non-dual status military technicians):
                            (1) The number of military technicians 
                        required to be employed (as specified in 
                        accordance with Department of Defense 
                        procedures), the number authorized to be 
                        employed under Department of Defense personnel 
                        procedures, and the number actually employed.
                            (2) Within each of the numbers under 
                        paragraph (1)--

                                (A) the number applicable to a reserve 
                            component management headquarter 
                            organization; and

                                (B) the number applicable to high-
                            priority units and organizations (as 
                            specified in section 10216(a) of this 
                            title).

            (Added Nov. 5, 1990, P.L. 101-510, Div. A, Title XIV, Part 
            H, Sec. 1483(a), 104 Stat. 1711; Dec. 5, 1991, P.L. 102-190, 
            Div. A, Title X, Part E, Sec. 1061(a)(1), 105 Stat. 1472; 
            Feb. 10, 1996, P.L. 104-106, Div. A, Title V, Subtitle B, 
            Sec. 513(e), Title X, Subtitle F, Sec. 1061(d), 110 Stat. 
            307, 442; Nov. 18, 1997, P.L. 105-85, Div. A, Title V, 
            Subtitle C, Sec. 522(i)(2), 111 Stat. 1736; Oct. 17, 1998, 
            P.L. 105-261, Div. A, Title IV, Subtitle A, Sec. 403, 112 
            Stat. 1996.)

      441.2  Sec. 116. Annual operations and maintenance report.
                (a)(1) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress 
            a written report, not later than February 15 of each fiscal 
            year, with respect to the operations and maintenance of the 
            Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps for the next fiscal 
            year. The Secretary shall include in each such report 
            recommendations for--
                            (A) the number of aircraft flying hours for 
                        the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps for 
                        the next fiscal year, the number of ship 
                        steaming hours for the Navy for the next fiscal 
                        year, and the number of field training days for 
                        the combat arms battalions of the Army and 
                        Marine Corps for the next fiscal year;
                            (B) the number of ships over 3,000 tons 
                        (full load displacement) in each Navy ship 
                        classification on which major repair work should 
                        be performed during the next fiscal year; and
                            (C) the number of airframe reworks, aircraft 
                        engine reworks, and vehicle overhauls which 
                        should be performed by the Army, Navy, Air 
                        Force, and Marine Corps during the next fiscal 
                        year.
                (2) The Secretary shall also include in each such report 
            the justification for and an explanation of the level of 
            funding recommended in the Budget of the President for the 
            next fiscal year for aircraft flying hours, ship steaming 
            hours, field training days for the combat arms battalions, 
            major repair work to be performed on ships of the navy, 
            airframe reworks, aircraft engine reworks, and vehicle 
            overhauls.
                (b) In this section:
                            (1) The term ``combat arms battalions'' 
                        means armor, infantry, mechanized infantry, air 
                        assault infantry, airborne infantry, ranger, 
                        artillery, and combat engineer battalions and 
                        armored cavalry and air cavalry squadrons.
                            (2) The term ``major repair work'' means, in 
                        the case of any ship to which subsection (a) is 
                        applicable, any overhaul, modification, 
                        alteration, or conversion work which will result 
                        in a total cost to the United States of more 
                        than $10,000,000.

            (Added Sept. 8, 1980, P.L. 96-342, Title X, Sec. 1001(b)(3), 
            (c)(2), 94 Stat. 1118; Dec. 12, 1980, P.L. 96-513, Title V, 
            Sec. 511(4)(B), 94 Stat. 2920; Dec. 1, 1981, P.L. 97-86, 
            Title III, Sec. 302, 95 Stat. 1104; Oct. 1, 1986, P.L. 99-
            433, Title I, Sec. Sec. 101(a)(2), 110(b)(6), (7), (9), 
            (10), 100 Stat. 994, 1002; Nov. 18, 1997, P.L. 105-85, Div. 
            A, Title X, Subtitle G, Sec. 1073(a)(3), 111 Stat. 1900.)

     441.2a  Sec. 119. Special access programs: congressional oversight.
                (a)(1) Not later than March 1 of each year, the 
            Secretary of Defense shall submit to the defense committees 
            a report on special access programs.
                (2) Each such report shall set forth--
                            (A) the total amount requested for special 
                        access programs of the Department of Defense in 
                        the President's budget for the next fiscal year 
                        submitted under section 1105 of title 31; and
                            (B) for each program in that budget that is 
                        a special access program--

                                (i) a brief description of the program;

                                (ii) a brief discussion of the major 
                            milestones established for the program;

                                (iii) the actual cost of the program for 
                            each fiscal year during the program has been 
                            conducted before the fiscal year during 
                            which that budget is submitted; and

                                (iv) the estimated total cost of the 
                            program and the estimated cost of the 
                            program for (I) the current fiscal year, 
                            (II) the fiscal year for which the budget is 
                            submitted, and (III) each of the four 
                            succeeding fiscal years during which the 
                            program is expected to be conducted.

                (3) In the case of a report under paragraph (1) 
            submitted in a year during which the President's budget for 
            the next fiscal year, because of multiyear budgeting for the 
            Department of Defense, does not include a full budget 
            request for the Department of Defense, the report required 
            by paragraph (1) shall set forth--
                            (A) the total amount already appropriated 
                        for the next fiscal year for special access 
                        programs of the Department of Defense and any 
                        additional amount requested in that budget for 
                        such programs for such fiscal year; and
                            (B) for each program of the Department of 
                        Defense that is a special access program, the 
                        information specified in paragraph (2)(B).
                (B)(1) Not later than February 1 of each year, the 
            Secretary of Defense shall submit to the defense committees 
            a report that, with respect to each new special access 
            program, provides--
                            (A) notice of the designation of the program 
                        as a special access program; and
                            (B) justification for such designation.
                (2) A report under paragraph (1) with respect to a 
            program shall include--
                            (A) the current estimate of the total 
                        program cost for the program; and
                            (B) an identification of existing programs 
                        or technologies that are similar to the 
                        technology, or that have a mission similar to 
                        the mission, of the program that is the subject 
                        of the notice.
                (3) In this subsection, the term ``new special access 
            program'' means a special access program that has not 
            previously been covered in a notice and justification under 
            this subsection.
                (c)(1) Whenever a change in the classification of a 
            special access program of the Department of Defense is 
            planned to be made or whenever classified information 
            concerning a special access program of the Department of 
            Defense is to be declassified and made public, the Secretary 
            of Defense shall submit to the defense committees a report 
            containing a description of the proposed change, the reasons 
            for the proposed change, and notice of any public 
            announcement planned to be made with respect to the proposed 
            change.
                (2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), any report 
            referred to in paragraph (1) shall be submitted not less 
            than 14 days before the date on which the proposed change or 
            public announcement is to occur.
                (3) If the Secretary determines that because of 
            exceptional circumstances the requirement of paragraph (2) 
            cannot be met with respect to a proposed change or public 
            announcement concerning a special access program of the 
            Department of Defense, the Secretary may submit the report 
            required by paragraph (1) regarding the proposed change or 
            public announcement at any time before the proposed change 
            or public announcement is made and shall include in the 
            report an explanation of the exceptional circumstances.
                (d) Whenever there is a modification or termination of 
            the policy and criteria used for designating a program of 
            the Department of Defense as a special access program, the 
            Secretary of Defense shall promptly notify the defense 
            committees of such modification or termination. Any such 
            notification shall contain the reasons for the modification 
            or termination and, in the case of a modification, the 
            provisions of the policy as modified.
                (e)(1) The Secretary of Defense may waive any 
            requirement under subsection (a), (b), or (c) that certain 
            information be included in a report under that subsection if 
            the Secretary determines that inclusion of that information 
            in the report would adversely affect the national security. 
            Any such waiver shall be made on a case-by-case basis.
                (2) If the Secretary exercises the authority provided 
            under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide the 
            information described in that subsection with respect to the 
            special access program concerned, and the justification for 
            the waiver, jointly to the chairman and ranking minority 
            member of each of the defense committees.
                (f) A special access program may not be initiated 
            until--
                            (1) the defense committees are notified of 
                        the program; and
                            (2) a period of 30 days elapses after such 
                        notification is received.
                (g) In this section, the term ``defense committees'' 
            means--
                            (1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
                        Committee on Appropriations, and the Defense 
                        Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, 
                        of the Senate; and
                            (2) the Committee on National Security and 
                        the Committee on Appropriations, and the 
                        National Security Subcommittee of the Committee 
                        on Appropriations, of the House of 
                        Representatives. (Added Dec. 4, 1987, P.L. 100-
                        180, Div. A, Title XI, Part D, Sec. 1132(a)(1), 
                        101 Stat. 1151; Nov. 5, 1990, P.L. 101-510, Div. 
                        A, Title XIV, Part F, Sec. 1461, Part H, 
                        Sec. 1482(a), 104 Stat. 1698, 1709; Feb. 10, 
                        1996, P.L. 104-106, Div. A, Title X, Subtitle E, 
                        Sec. 1055, Title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(4), 110 Stat. 
                        442, 502; Pub. L. 106-65, Div. A, Title X, 
                        Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774.)
            
                         Chapter 9.--DEFENSE BUDGET MATTERS

     441.2b  Sec. 221. Future-years defense program; submission to 
                Congress; consistency in budgeting.
                (a) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress 
            each year, at or about the time that the President's budget 
            is submitted to Congress that year under section 1105(a) of 
            title 31, a future-years defense program (including 
            associated annexes) reflecting the estimated expenditures 
            and proposed appropriations included in that budget. Any 
            such future-years defense program shall cover the fiscal 
            year with respect to which the budget is submitted and at 
            least the four succeeding fiscal years.
                (b)(1) The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that 
            amounts described in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) for 
            any fiscal year are consistent with amounts described in 
            subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2) for that fiscal year.
                (2) Amounts referred to in paragraph (1) are the 
            following:
                            (A) The amounts specified in program and 
                        budget information submitted to Congress by the 
                        Secretary in support of expenditure estimates 
                        and proposed appropriations in the budget 
                        submitted to Congress by the President under 
                        section 1105(a) of title 31 for any fiscal year, 
                        as shown in the future-years defense program 
                        submitted pursuant to subsection (a).
                            (B) The total amounts of estimated 
                        expenditures and proposed appropriations 
                        necessary to support the programs, projects, and 
                        activities of the Department of Defense included 
                        pursuant to paragraph (5) of section 1105(a) of 
                        title 31 in the budget submitted to Congress 
                        under that section for any fiscal year.
                (c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
            prohibit the inclusion in the future-years defense program 
            of amounts for management contingencies, subject to the 
            requirements of subsection (b). (Added Pub. L. 101-189, 
            Sec. 1602(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1596; amended Pub. 
            L. 101-510, Sec. 1402(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1674; 
            renumbered Sec. 221 and amended Pub. L. 102-484, 
            Sec. 1002(c), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2480.)
     441.2c  Sec. 222. Future-years mission budget.
            (a) Future-years mission budget.--The Secretary of Defense 
                shall submit to Congress for each fiscal year a future-
                years mission budget for the military programs of the 
                Department of Defense. That budget shall be submitted 
                for any fiscal year not later than 60 days after the 
                date on which the President's budget for that fiscal 
                year is submitted to Congress pursuant to section 1105 
                of title 31.
            (b) Consistency with future-years defense program.--The 
                future-years mission budget shall be consistent with the 
                future-years defense program required under section 221 
                of this title. In the future-years mission budget, the 
                military programs of the Department of Defense shall be 
                organized on the basis of major roles, missions, or 
                forces of the Department of Defense.
            (c) Relationship to other defense budget formats.--The 
                requirement in subsection (a) is in addition to the 
                requirements in any other provision of law regarding the 
                format for the presentation regarding military programs 
                of the Department of Defense in the budget submitted 
                pursuant to section 1105 of title 31 for any fiscal 
                year. (Added Oct. 23, 1992, P.L. 102-484, Div. A, Title 
                X, Subtitle A, Sec. 1002(a)(2), 106 Stat. 2480; Oct. 5, 
                1994, P.L. 103-337, Div. A, Title X, Subtitle A, 
                Sec. 1004, 108 Stat. 2834.)

  

     441.2d  Sec. 226. Scoring of outlays.
            (a) Annual OMB/CBO report.--Not later than December 15 of 
                each year, the Director of the Office of Management and 
                Budget and the Director of the Congressional Budget 
                Office shall submit to the Speaker of the House of 
                Representatives and the Committees on Armed Services, 
                Appropriations, and the Budget of the Senate a joint 
                report containing an agreed resolution of all 
                differences between--
                            (1) the technical assumptions to be used by 
                        the Office of Management and Budget in preparing 
                        estimates with respect to all accounts in major 
                        functional category 050 (National Defense) for 
                        the budget to be submitted to Congress in the 
                        following year pursuant to section 1105 of title 
                        31 and
                            (2) the technical assumptions to be used by 
                        the Congressional Budget Office in preparing 
                        estimates with respect to those accounts for 
                        that budget.
            (b) Use of averages.--If the two Directors are unable to 
                agree upon any technical assumption, the report shall 
                reflect the average of the relevant outlay rates or 
                assumptions used by the two offices.
            (c) Matters to be included.--The report with respect to a 
                budget shall identify the following:
                            (1) The agreed first-year and outyear outlay 
                        rates for each account in budget function 050 
                        (National Defense) for each fiscal year covered 
                        by the budget.
                            (2) The agreed amount of outlays estimated 
                        to occur from unexpended appropriations made for 
                        fiscal years before the fiscal year that begins 
                        after submission of the report.

            (Added Pub. L. 102-190, Div. A, Title X, Sec. 1002(a)(1), 
            Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1455, Sec. 221; renumbered Sec. 226, 
            Pub. L. 102-484, Div. A, Title X, Sec. 1002(a)(1), Oct. 23, 
            1992, 106 Stat. 2480; amended Pub. L. 103-160, Sec. 1104, 
            Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1749.)

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                    Chapter 403.--UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY

      441.5  Sec. 4342. Cadets: appointments; numbers, territorial 
                distribution.
                (a) The authorized strength of the Corps of Cadets of 
            the Academy (determined for any year as of the day before 
            the last day of the academic year) is 4,000. Subject to that 
            limitation, cadets are selected as follows:
                            (1) 65 cadets selected in order of merit as 
                        established by competitive examinations from the 
                        children of members of the armed forces who were 
                        killed in action or died of, or have a service-
                        connected disability rated at not less than 100 
                        per centum resulting from wounds or injuries 
                        received or diseases contracted in, or 
                        preexisting injury or disease aggravated by, 
                        active service, children of members who are in a 
                        ``missing status'' as defined in section 551(2) 
                        of title 37, and children of civilian employees 
                        who are in ``missing status'' as defined in 
                        section 5561(5) of title 5. The determination of 
                        the Department of Veterans Affairs as to service 
                        connection of the cause of death or disability, 
                        and the percentage at which the disability is 
                        rated is binding upon the Secretary of the Army.
                            (2) Five cadets nominated at large by the 
                        Vice President or, if there is no Vice 
                        President, by the President pro tempore of the 
                        Senate.
                            (3) Ten cadets from each State, five of whom 
                        are nominated by each Senator from that State.
                            (4) Five cadets from each congressional 
                        district, nominated by the Representative from 
                        the district.
                            (5) Five cadets from the District of 
                        Columbia, nominated by the Delegate to the House 
                        of Representatives from the District of 
                        Columbia.
                            (6) Two cadets from the Virgin Islands, 
                        nominated by the Delegate in Congress from the 
                        Virgin Islands.
                            (7) Six cadets from Puerto Rico, five of 
                        whom are nominated by the Resident Commissioner 
                        from Puerto Rico and one who is a native of 
                        Puerto Rico nominated by the Governor of Puerto 
                        Rico.
                            (8) Two cadets from Guam, nominated by the 
                        Delegate in Congress from Guam.
                            (9) One cadet from American Samoa, nominated 
                        by the Delegate in Congress from American Samoa.
                            (10) One cadet from the Commonwealth of the 
                        Northern Mariana Islands, nominated by the 
                        resident representative from the commonwealth.

            Each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress, 
            including the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, is 
            entitled to nominate 10 persons for each vacancy that is 
            available to him under this section. Nominees may be 
            submitted without ranking or with a principal candidate and 
            9 ranked or unranked alternates. Qualified nominees not 
            selected for appointment under this subsection shall be 
            considered qualified alternates for the purposes of 
            selection under other provisions of this chapter.

                (b) In addition, there may be appointed each year at the 
            Academy cadets as follows:
                            (1) one hundred selected by the President 
                        from the children of members of an armed force 
                        who--

                                (A) are on active duty (other than for 
                            training and who served continuously on 
                            active duty for at least eight years;

                                (B) are, or who died while they were, 
                            retired with pay or granted retired or 
                            retainer pay, other than those granted 
                            retired pay under section 12731 of this 
                            title (or under section 1331 of this title 
                            as in effect before the effective date of 
                            the Reserve Officer Personnel Management 
                            Act);

                    however, a person who is eligible for selection 
                    under clause (1) of subsection (a) may not be 
                    selected under this clause.
                            (2) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the 
                        Army from enlisted members of the Regular Army.
                            (3) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the 
                        Army from enlisted members of reserve components 
                        of the Army.
                            (4) 20 nominated by the Secretary of the 
                        Army, under regulations prescribed by him, from 
                        the honor graduates of schools designated as 
                        honor schools by the Department of the Army, the 
                        Department of the Navy, or the Department of the 
                        Air force, and from members of the Reserve 
                        Officers' Training Corps.
                            (5) 150 selected by the Secretary of the 
                        Army in order of merit (prescribed pursuant to 
                        section 4343 of this title) from qualified 
                        alternates nominated by persons named in clauses 
                        (3) and (4) of subsection (a).
                (c) The President may also appoint as cadets at the 
            Academy children of persons who have been awarded the Medal 
            of Honor for acts performed while in the armed forces.
                (d) The Superintendent may nominate each year 50 persons 
            from the country at large. Persons nominated under this 
            paragraph may not displace any appointment authorized under 
            clauses (2) through (9) of subsection (a) and may not cause 
            the total strength of the Corps of Cadets to exceed the 
            authorized number.
                (e) If the annual quota of cadets under subsection 
            (b)(1), (2), (3) is not filled, the Secretary may fill the 
            vacancies by nominating for appointment other candidates 
            from any of these sources who were found best qualified on 
            examination for admission and not otherwise nominated.
                (f) Each candidate for admission nominated under clauses 
            (3) through (9) and (10) of subsection (a) must be domiciled 
            in the State, or in the congressional district, from which 
            he is nominated, or in the District of Columbia, Puerto 
            Rico, American Samoa, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, if 
            nominated from one of those places.
                (g) The Secretary of the Army may limit the number of 
            cadets authorized to be appointed under this section to the 
            number that can be adequately accommodated at the Academy, 
            as determined by the Secretary after consulting with the 
            Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee 
            on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, subject 
            to the following:
                            (1) Cadets chargeable to each nominating 
                        authority named in subsection (a) (3) or (4) may 
                        not be limited to less than four.
                            (2) If the Secretary limits the number of 
                        appointments under subsection (a) (3) or (4), 
                        appointments under subsection (b)(1)-(4) are 
                        limited as follows:

                                (A) 27 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(1);

                                (B) 27 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(2);

                                (C) 27 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(3); and

                                (D) 13 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(4).

                            (3) If the Secretary limits the number of 
                        appointments under subsection (b)(5), 
                        appointments under subsection (b)(2)-(4) are 
                        limited as follows:

                                (A) 27 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(2);

                                (B) 27 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(3); and

                                (C) 13 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(4).

                            (4) The limitations provided for in this 
                        subsection do not affect the operation of 
                        subsection (e).
                (h) The Secretary of the Army shall furnish to any 
            Member of Congress, upon the written request of such Member, 
            the name of the Congressman or other nominating authority 
            responsible for the nomination of any named or identified 
            person for appointment to the Academy.
                (i) For purposes of the limitation in subsection (a) 
            establishing the aggregate authorized strength of the Corps 
            of Cadets, the Secretary of the Army may for any year 
            (beginning with the 2001-2002 academic year) permit a 
            variance in that limitation by not more than one percent. In 
            applying that limitation, and any such variance, the last 
            day of an academic year shall be considered to be graduation 
            day.

            (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 1, 70A Stat. 240; Sept. 2, 
            1958, P.L. 85-861, Sec. 33(a)(26), 72 Stat. 1565; Sept. 14, 
            1962, P.L. 87-663, Sec. 1(1), (2), 76 Stat. 547; March 3, 
            1964, P.L. 88-276, Sec. 1(1), 78 Stat. 148; Oct. 13, 1966, 
            P.L. 89-650, Sec. 1(1)-(4), 80 Stat. 896; July 5, 1968, P.L. 
            90-374, 82 Stat. 283; Oct. 22, 1968, P.L. 90-623, Sec. 2(8), 
            82 Stat. 1314; Sept. 22, 1970, P.L. 91-405, Title II, 
            Sec. 204(c), 84 Stat. 852, Aug. 7, 1972, P.L. 92-365, 
            Sec. 1, 86 Stat. 505; Nov. 29, 1973, P.L. 93-171, Sec. 1(1)-
            (4), 87 Stat. 690; Oct. 7, 1975, P.L. 94-106, Title VIII, 
            Sec. 803(b)(1), 89 Stat. 538; Dec. 12, 1980, P.L. 96-513, 
            Title V, Part B, Sec. 512(13), 94 Stat. 2930; Dec. 24, 1980, 
            P.L. 96-600, Sec. 2(a), 94 Stat. 3493; Oct. 14, 1981, P.L. 
            97-60, Title II, Sec. 203(a)(1), 95 Stat. 1006; Sept. 24, 
            1983, P.L. 98-94, Title X, Part A, Sec. 1005(a)(1), (b)(1), 
            97 Stat. 660; Nov. 29, 1989, P.L. 101-189, Div. A, Title 
            XVI, Part C, Sec. 1621(a)(1), 103 Stat. 1602; Nov. 5, 1990, 
            P.L. 101-510, Div. A, Title V, Part C, Sec. 532(a)(1), 104 
            Stat. 1563; Nov. 30, 1993, P.L. 103-160, Div. A, Title V, 
            Subtitle C, Sec. 531, 107 Stat. 1657; Oct. 5, 1994, P.L. 
            103-337, Div. A, Title XVI, Subtitle C, Sec. 1672(c)(3), 108 
            Stat. 3015; Feb. 10, 1996, P.L. 104-106, Div. A, Title V, 
            Subtitle D, Part I, Sec. 532(a), Title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(1), 
            110 Stat. 314, 502; Nov. 18, 1997, P.L. 105-85, Div. A, 
            Title X, Subtitle G, Sec. 1073(a)(62), 111 Stat. 1903; Pub. 
            L. 106-65, Div. A, Title V, Sec. 531(b)(1), Title X, 
            Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 602, 774.)

        442  Sec. 4355. Board of Visitors.
                (a) A Board of Visitors to the Academy is constituted 
            annually of--
                            (1) the chairman of the Committee on Armed 
                        Services of the Senate, or his designee;
                            (2) three other members of the Senate 
                        designated by the Vice President or the 
                        President pro tempore of the Senate, two of whom 
                        are members of the Committee on Appropriations 
                        of the Senate;
                            (3) the chairman of the Committee on Armed 
                        Services of the House of Representatives, or his 
                        designee;
                            (4) four other members of the House of 
                        Representatives designated by the Speaker of the 
                        House of Representatives, two of whom are 
                        members of the Committee on Appropriations of 
                        the House of Representatives; and
                            (5) six persons designated by the President.
                (b) The persons designated by the President serve for 
            three years each except that any member whose term of office 
            has expired shall continue to serve until his successor is 
            appointed. The President shall designate two persons each 
            year to succeed the members whose terms expire that year.
                (c) If a member of the Board dies or resigns, a 
            successor shall be designated for the unexpired portion of 
            the term by the official who designated the member.
                (d) The Board shall visit the Academy annually. With the 
            approval of the Secretary of the Army, the Board or its 
            members may make other visits to the Academy in connection 
            with the duties of the Board or to consult with the 
            Superintendent of the Academy.
                (e) The Board shall inquire into the morale and 
            discipline, the curriculum, instruction, physical equipment, 
            fiscal affairs, academic methods, and other matters relating 
            to the Academy that the Board decides to consider.
                (f) Within 60 days after its annual visit, the Board 
            shall submit a written report to the President of its 
            action, and of its views and recommendations pertaining to 
            the Academy. Any report of a visit, other than the annual 
            visit, shall, if approved by a majority of the members of 
            the Board, be submitted to the President within 60 days 
            after the approval.
                (g) Upon approval by the Secretary, the Board may call 
            in advisers for consultation.
                (h) While performing his duties, each member of the 
            Board and each adviser shall be reimbursed under Government 
            travel regulations for his travel expenses. (Aug. 10, 1956, 
            ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 245; Dec. 23, 1980, Pub. L. 96-579, 
            Sec. 13(a), 94 Stat. 3369; Pub. L. 104-106, Div. A, Title X, 
            Sec. 1061(e)(2), Title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(12), Feb. 10, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 443, 503; Pub. L. 106-65, Div. A, Title X, 
            Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774.)

            
                      Chapter 603.--UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY

      442.5  Sec. 6954. Midshipmen: number.
                (a) The authorized strength of the Brigade of Midshipmen 
            (determined for any year as of the day before the last day 
            of the academic year) is 4,000. Subject to that limitation, 
            midshipmen are selected as follows:
                            (1) 65 selected in order of merit as 
                        established by competitive examination from the 
                        children of members of the armed forces who were 
                        killed in action or died of, or have a service-
                        connected disability rated at not less than 100 
                        per centum resulting from, wounds or injuries 
                        received or diseases contracted in, or 
                        preexisting injury or disease aggravated by, 
                        active service, children of members who are in a 
                        ``missing status'' as defined in section 551(2) 
                        of title 37, and children of civilian employees 
                        who are in ``missing status'' as defined in 
                        section 5561(5) of title 5. The determination of 
                        the Department of Veterans Affairs as to service 
                        connection of the cause of death or disability, 
                        and the percentage at which the disability is 
                        rated, is binding upon the Secretary of the 
                        Navy.
                            (2) Five nominated at large by the Vice 
                        President or, if there is no Vice President, by 
                        the President pro tempore of the Senate.
                            (3) Ten from each State, five of whom are 
                        nominated by each Senator from that State.
                            (4) Five nominated by each Representative in 
                        Congress.
                            (5) Five from the District of Columbia, 
                        nominated by the Delegate to the House of 
                        Representatives from the District of Columbia.
                            (6) Two from the Virgin Islands, nominated 
                        by the Delegate in Congress from the Virgin 
                        Islands.
                            (7) Six from Puerto Rico, five of whom are 
                        nominated by the Resident Commissioner from 
                        Puerto Rico and one who is native of Puerto Rico 
                        nominated by the Governor of Puerto Rico.
                            (8) Two from Guam, nominated by the Delegate 
                        in Congress from Guam.
                            (9) One from American Samoa, nominated by 
                        the Delegate in Congress from American Samoa.
                            (10) One from the Commonwealth of the 
                        Northern Mariana Islands, nominated by the 
                        resident representative from the commonwealth.

            Each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress, 
            including the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, is 
            entitled to nominate 10 persons for each vacancy that is 
            available to him under this section. Nominees may be 
            submitted without ranking or with a principal candidate and 
            9 ranked or unranked alternates. Qualified nominees not 
            selected for appointment under this subsection shall be 
            considered qualified alternates for the purposes of 
            selection under other provisions of this chapter.

                (b) In addition there may be appointed each year at the 
            Academy midshipmen as follows:
                            (1) one hundred selected by the President 
                        from the children of members of an armed force 
                        who--

                                (A) are on active duty (other than for 
                            training) and who have served continuously 
                            on active duty for at least eight years;

                                (B) are, or who died while they were, 
                            retired with pay or granted retired or 
                            retainer pay, other than those granted 
                            retired pay under section 12731 of this 
                            title (or under section 1331 of this title 
                            as in effect before the effective date of 
                            the Reserve Officer Personnel Management 
                            Act);

                    however, a person who is eligible for selection 
                    under clause (1) of subsection (a) may not be 
                    selected under this clause.
                            (2) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the 
                        Navy from enlisted members of the Regular Navy 
                        and the Regular Marine Corps.
                            (3) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the 
                        Navy from enlisted members of the Naval Reserve 
                        and the Marine Corps Reserve.
                            (4) 20 nominated by the Secretary of the 
                        Navy, under regulations prescribed by him, from 
                        the honor graduates of schools designated as 
                        honor schools by the Department of the Army, the 
                        Department of the Navy, or the Department of the 
                        Air Force, and from members of the Naval Reserve 
                        Officers' Training Corps.
                            (5) 150 selected by the Secretary of the 
                        Navy in order of merit (prescribed pursuant to 
                        section 6956 of this title) from qualified 
                        alternates nominated by person named in clauses 
                        (3) and (4) of subsection (a).
                (c) The President may also appoint as midshipmen at the 
            Academy children of persons who have been awarded the medal 
            of honor for acts performed while in the armed forces.
                (d) The Superintendent of the Naval Academy may nominate 
            for appointment each year 50 persons from the country at 
            large. Persons nominated under this paragraph may not 
            displace any appointment authorized under clauses (2) 
            through (9) of subsection (a) and may not cause the total 
            strength of midshipmen at the Navy Academy to exceed the 
            authorized number.
                (e) The Secretary of the Navy may limit the number of 
            midshipmen appointed under section (b)(5). When he does so, 
            if the total number of midshipmen, upon admission of a new 
            class at the Academy, will be more than 3,737, no 
            appointment may be made under subsection (b) (2) or (3) of 
            this section or section 6956 of this title.
                (f) The Secretary of the Navy shall furnish to any 
            Member of Congress, upon the written request of such Member, 
            the name of the Congressman or other nominating authority 
            responsible for the nomination of any named or identified 
            person for appointment to the Academy.
                (g) For purposes of the limitation in subsection (a) 
            establishing the aggregate authorized strength of the 
            Brigade of Midshipmen, the Secretary of the Navy may for any 
            year permit a variance in that limitation by not more than 
            one percent. In applying that limitation, and any such 
            variance, the last day of an academic year shall be 
            considered to be graduation day. (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 
            Sec. 1, 70A Stat. 429; Sept. 7, 1962, P.L. 87-651, Title I, 
            Sec. 124, 76 Stat. 514; Sept. 14, 1962, P.L. 87-663, 
            Sec. 1(3), 76 Stat. 547; March 3, 1964, P.L. 88-276, Sec. 2, 
            78 Stat. 150; Oct. 13, 1996, P.L. 89-650, Sec. 1(1)-(3), 80 
            Stat. 896; July 5, 1968, P.L. 90-374, 82 Stat. 283; Oct. 22, 
            1968, P.L. 90-623, Sec. 2(8), 82 Stat. 1314; Sept. 22, 1970, 
            P.L. 91-405, Title II, Sec. 204(c), 84 Stat. 852; Aug. 7, 
            1972, P.L. 92-365, Sec. 2, 86 Stat. 505; Nov. 29, 1973, P.L. 
            93-171, Sec. 2(1)-(3), 87 Stat. 690; Oct. 7, 1975 P.L. 94-
            106, Title VIII, Sec. 803(b)(1), 89 Stat. 538; Dec. 24, 
            1980, P.L. 96-600, Sec. 2(b), 94 Stat. 3493; Oct. 14, 1981, 
            P.L. 97-60, Title II, Sec. 203(b)(2), 95 Stat. 1006; Oct. 
            12, 1982, P.L. 97-295, Sec. 1(44), 96 Stat. 1298; Sept. 24, 
            1983, P.L. 98-94, Title X, Part A, Sec. 1005(a)(2), (b)(2), 
            97 Stat. 660; Nov. 29, 1989, P.L. 101-189, Div. A, Title 
            XVI, Part C, Sec. 1621(a)(1), 103 Stat. 1602; Nov. 5, P.L. 
            101-510, Div. A, Title V, Part C, Sec. 532(b)(1), 104 Stat. 
            1563; Nov. 30, 1993, P.L. 103-160, Div. A. Title V, Subtitle 
            C, Sec. 531, 107 Stat. 1657; Oct. 5, 1994, P.L. 103-337, 
            Div. A, Title XVI, Subtitle C, Sec. 1673(c)(2), 108 Stat. 
            3016; Feb. 10, 1996, P.L. 104-106, Div. A, Title V, Subtitle 
            D, Part I, Sec. 532(b), 110 Stat. 314; Nov. 18, 1997, P.L. 
            105-85, Div. A, Title X, Subtitle G, Sec. 1073(a)(62), 111 
            Stat. 1903.)
      442.6  Sec. 6956. Midshipmen: nomination and selection to fill 
                vacancies.
                (a) If the annual quota of midshipmen from--
                            (1) enlisted members of the Regular Navy and 
                        the Regular Marine Corps;
                            (2) enlisted members of the Naval Reserve 
                        and the Marine Corps Reserve; or
                            (3) at large by the President;

            is not filled, the Secretary may fill the vacancies by 
            nominating for appointment other candidates from any of 
            these sources who were found best qualified on examination 
            for admission and not otherwise nominated.

                (b) If it is determined that, upon the admission of a 
            new class to the Academy, the number of midshipmen at the 
            Academy will be below the authorized number, the Secretary 
            may fill the vacancies by nominating additional midshipmen 
            from qualified candidates designated as alternates and from 
            other qualified candidates who competed for nomination and 
            are recommended and found qualified by the Academic Board. 
            At least three-fourths of those nominated under this 
            subsection shall be from qualified alternates under clauses 
            (2) through (8) of section 6954(a) of this title, and the 
            remainder shall be from qualified candidates who competed 
            for appointment under any other provision of law. An 
            appointment of a nominee under this subsection is an 
            additional appointment and is not in place of an appointment 
            otherwise authorized by law.
                (c) The failure of a member of a graduating class to 
            complete the course with his class does not delay the 
            appointment of his successor. (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A 
            Stat. 430; March. 3, 1964, Pub. L. 88-276, Sec. 3, 78 Stat. 
            151; July 5, 1968, Pub. L. 90-374, 82 Stat. 283; Nov. 29, 
            1973, Pub. L. 93-171, Sec. 2(4), 87 Stat. 690; Oct. 7, 1975, 
            Pub. L. 94-106, Title VIII, Sec. 803(b)(2), 89 Stat. 538; 
            Oct. 14, 1981, Pub. L. 97-60, Title II, Sec. 206, 95 Stat. 
            1007; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101-510, Sec. 1322(a), 104 Stat. 
            1671, Sec. 532(b), 104 Stat. 1563, 1671; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. 
            L. 101-510, Sec. 532(b)(2), Sec. 1322(a)(14), 104 Stat. 
            1563, 1671.)
        443  Sec. 6968. Board of Visitors.
                (a) A Board of Visitors to the Naval Academy is 
            constituted annually of--
                            (1) the chairman of the Committee on Armed 
                        Services of the Senate, or his designee;
                            (2) three other members of the Senate 
                        designated by the Vice President or the 
                        President pro tempore of the Senate, two of whom 
                        are members of the Committee on Appropriations 
                        of the Senate;
                            (3) the chairman of the Committee on Armed 
                        Services of the House of Representatives, or his 
                        designee;
                            (4) four other members of the House of 
                        Representatives designated by the Speaker of the 
                        House of Representatives, two of whom are 
                        members of the Committee on Appropriations of 
                        the House of Representatives; and
                            (5) six persons designated by the President.
                (b) The persons designated by the President serve for 
            three years each except that any member whose term of office 
            has expired shall continue to serve until his successor is 
            appointed. The President shall designate two persons each 
            year to succeed the members whose terms expire that year.
                (c) If a member of the Board dies or resigns, a 
            successor shall be designated for the unexpired portion of 
            the term by the official who designated the member.
                (d) The Board shall visit the Academy annually. With the 
            approval of the Secretary of the Navy, the Board or its 
            members may make other visits to the Academy in connection 
            with the duties of the Board or to consult with the 
            Superintendent of the Academy.
                (e) The Board shall inquire into the state of morale and 
            discipline, the curriculum, instruction, physical equipment, 
            fiscal affairs, academic methods, and other matters relating 
            to the Academy that the Board decides to consider.
                (f) Within 60 days after its annual visit, the Board 
            shall submit a written report to the President of its action 
            and of its views and recommendations pertaining to the 
            Academy. Any report of a visit, other than the annual visit, 
            shall, if approved by a majority of the members of the 
            Board, be submitted to the President within 60 days after 
            the approval.
                (g) Upon approval by the Secretary, the Board may call 
            in advisers for consultation.
                (h) While performing his duties, each member of the 
            Board and each adviser shall be reimbursed under Government 
            travel regulations for his travel expenses. (Aug. 10, 1956, 
            ch. 1041, Sec. 1, 70A Stat. 434; Dec. 23, 1980, P.L. 96-579, 
            Sec. 13(b), 94 Stat. 3369; Feb. 10, 1996, P.L. 104-106, Div. 
            A, Title X, Subtitle F, Sec. 1061(c)(2), Title XV, 
            Sec. 1502(a)(12), 110 Stat. 443, 503; Pub. L. 106-65, Div. 
            A, Title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774.)
            
                    Chapter 903.--UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY

      443.5  Sec. 9342. Cadets: appointment; numbers, territorial 
                distribution.
                (a) The authorized strength of Air Force Cadets of the 
            Academy (determined for any year as of the day before the 
            last day of the academic year) is 4,000. Subject to that 
            limitation, Air Force Cadets are selected as follows:
                            (1) 65 cadets selected in order or merit as 
                        established by competitive examination from the 
                        children of members of the armed forces who were 
                        killed in action or died of, or have a service-
                        connected disability rated at not less than 100 
                        per centum resulting from wounds or injuries 
                        received or diseases contracted in, or 
                        preexisting injury or disease aggravated by, 
                        active service, children of members who are in a 
                        ``missing status'' as defined in section 551(2) 
                        of title 37, and children of civilian employees 
                        who are in ``missing status'' as defined in 
                        section 5561(5) of title 5. The determination of 
                        the Department of Veterans Affairs as to service 
                        connection of the cause of death or disability, 
                        and the percentage at which the disability is 
                        rated is binding upon the Secretary of the Air 
                        Force.
                            (2) Five cadets nominated at large by the 
                        Vice President or, if there is no Vice 
                        President, by the President pro tempore of the 
                        Senate.
                            (3) Ten cadets from each State, five of whom 
                        are nominated by each Senator from that State.
                            (4) Five cadets from each congressional 
                        district, nominated by the Representative from 
                        the district.
                            (5) Five cadets from the District of 
                        Columbia, nominated by the Delegate to the House 
                        of Representatives from the District of 
                        Columbia.
                            (6) Two cadets from the Virgin Islands, 
                        nominated by the Delegate in Congress from the 
                        Virgin Islands.
                            (7) Six cadets from Puerto Rico, five of 
                        whom are nominated by the Resident Commissioner 
                        from Puerto Rico and one who is a native of 
                        Puerto Rico nominated by the Governor of Puerto 
                        Rico.
                            (8) Two cadets from Guam, nominated by the 
                        Delegate in Congress from Guam.
                            (9) One cadet from American Samoa, nominated 
                        by the Delegate in Congress from American Samoa.
                            (10) One cadet from the Commonwealth of the 
                        Northern Mariana Islands, nominated by the 
                        residents representative from the commonwealth.

            Each Senator, Representative, and Delegate in Congress, 
            including the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, is 
            entitled to nominate 10 persons for each vacancy that is 
            available to him under this section. Nominees may be 
            submitted without ranking or with a principal candidate and 
            9 ranked or unranked alternates. Qualified nominees not 
            selected for appointment under this subsection shall be 
            considered qualified alternates for the purposes of 
            selection under other provisions of this chapter.

                (b) In addition, there may be appointed each year at the 
            Academy cadets as follows:
                            (1) one hundred selected by the President 
                        from the children of members of an armed force 
                        who--

                                (A) are on active duty (other than for 
                            training) and who have served continuously 
                            on active duty for at least eight years;

                                (B) are, or who died while they were, 
                            retired with pay or granted retired or 
                            retainer pay, other than those granted 
                            retired pay under section 12731 of this 
                            title (or under section 1331 of this title 
                            as in effect before the effective date of 
                            the Reserve Officer Personnel Management 
                            Act);

                    however, a person who is eligible for selection 
                    under clause (1) of subsection (a) may not be 
                    selected under this clause.
                            (2) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the Air 
                        Force from enlisted members of the Regular Air 
                        Force.
                            (3) 85 nominated by the Secretary of the Air 
                        Force from enlisted members of reserve 
                        components of the Air Force.
                            (4) 20 nominated by the Secretary of the Air 
                        Force, under regulations prescribed by him, from 
                        the honor graduates of schools designated as 
                        honor schools by the Department of the Army, the 
                        Department of the Navy, or the Department of the 
                        Air Force, and from members of the Air Force 
                        Reserve Officers' Training Corps.
                            (5) 150 selected by the Secretary of the Air 
                        Force in order of merit (prescribed pursuant to 
                        section 9343 of this title) from qualified 
                        alternates nominated by persons named in clauses 
                        (3) and (4) of subsection (a).
                            (c) The President may also appoint as cadets 
                        at the Academy children of persons who have been 
                        awarded the Medal of Honor for acts performed 
                        while in the armed forces.
                            (d) The Superintendent may nominate for 
                        appointment each year 50 persons from the 
                        country at large. Persons nominated under this 
                        paragraph may not displace any appointment 
                        authorized under clauses (2) through (9) of 
                        subsection (a) and may not cause the total 
                        strength of Air Force Cadets to exceed the 
                        authorized number.
                            (e) If the annual quota of cadets under 
                        subsection (b)(1), (2), or (3) is not filled, 
                        the Secretary may fill the vacancies by 
                        nominating for appointment other candidates from 
                        any of these sources who were found best 
                        qualified on examination for admission and not 
                        otherwise nominated.
                            (f) Each candidate for admission nominated 
                        under clauses (3) through (9) of subsection (a) 
                        must be domiciled in the State, or in the 
                        congressional district, from which he is 
                        nominated, or in the District of Columbia, 
                        Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, or the Virgin 
                        Islands, if nominated from one of those places.
                            (g) The Secretary of the Air Force may limit 
                        the number of cadets authorized to be appointed 
                        under this section to the number that can be 
                        adequately accommodated at the Academy as 
                        determined by the Secretary after consulting 
                        with the Committee on Armed Services of the 
                        Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of 
                        the House of Representatives, subject to the 
                        following:
                            (1) Cadets chargeable to each nominating 
                        authority named in subsection (a)(3) or (4) may 
                        not be limited to less than four.
                            (2) If the Secretary limits the number of 
                        appointments under subsection (a)(3) or (4), 
                        appointments under subsection (b)(1)-(4) are 
                        limited as follows:

                                (A) 27 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(1);

                                (B) 27 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(2);

                                (C) 27 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(3); and

                                (D) 13 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(4).

                            (3) If the Secretary limits the number of 
                        appointments under subsection (b)(5), 
                        appointment under subsection (b)(2)-(4) are 
                        limited as follows:

                                (A) 27 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(2);

                                (B) 27 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(3); and

                                (C) 13 appointments under subsection 
                            (b)(4).

                            (4) The limitations provided for in this 
                        subsection do not affect the operation of 
                        subsection (e).
                (h) The Secretary of the Air Force shall furnish to any 
            Member of Congress, upon the written request of such Member, 
            the name of the Congressman or other nominating authority 
            responsible for the nomination of any named or identified 
            person for appointment to the Academy.
                (i) For purposes of the limitation in subsection (a) 
            establishing the aggregate authorized strength of Air Force 
            Cadets, the Secretary of the Air Force may for any year 
            permit a variance in that limitation by not more than one 
            percent. In applying that limitation, and any such variance, 
            the last day of an academic year shall be considered to be 
            graduation day.

            (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 1, 70A Stat. 563; Sept. 14, 
            1962, P.L. 87-663, Sec. 1(5), (6), 76 Stat. 547; March 3, 
            1964, P.L. 88-276, Sec. 4(1), 78 Stat. 151; Oct. 13, 1966, 
            P.L. 89-650, Sec. 1(1)-(3), (5), 80 Stat. 896; July 5, 1968, 
            P.L. 90-374, 82 Stat. 283; Oct. 22, 1968, P.L. 90-623, 
            Sec. 2(8), 82 Stat. 1314; Sept. 22, 1970, P.L. 91-405, Title 
            II, Sec. 204(c), 84 Stat. 852; Aug. 7, 1972, P.L. 92-365, 
            Sec. 1(3), 86 Stat. 505; Nov. 29, 1973, P.L. 93-171, 
            Sec. 3(1)-(4), 87 Stat. 690; Oct. 7, 1975, P.L. 94-106, 
            Title VIII, Sec. 803(b)(1), 89 Stat. 538; Dec. 12, 1980, 
            P.L. 96-513, Title V, Part B, Sec. 514(11), 94 Stat. 2935; 
            Dec. 4, 1980, P.L. 96-600, Sec. 2(c), 94 Stat. 3493; Oct. 
            14, 1981, P.L. 97-60, Title II, Sec. 203(c)(1), 95 Stat. 
            1006; Sept. 24, 1983, P.L. 98-94, Title X, Part A, 
            Sec. 1005(a)(3), (b)(3), 97 Stat. 660, 661; Nov. 29, 1989, 
            P.L. 101-189, Div. A, Title XVI, Part C, Sec. 1621(a)(1), 
            103 Stat. 1602; Nov. 5, 1990, P.L. 101-510, Div. A, Title V, 
            Part C, Sec. 532(c)(1), 104 Stat 1563; Nov. 30, 1993, P.L. 
            103-160, Div. A, Title V, Subtitle C, Sec. 531, 107 Stat. 
            1657; Oct. 5, 1994, P.L. 103-337, Div. A, Title XVI, 
            Subtitle D, Sec. 1674(c)(3), 108 Stat. 3017; Feb. 10, 1996, 
            P.L. 104-106, Div. A, Title V, Subtitle D, Part I, 
            Sec. 532(c), Title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(1), 110 Stat. 315, 502; 
            Nov. 18, 1997, P.L. 105-85, Div. A, Title X, Subtitle G, 
            Sec. 1073(a)(62), 111 Stat. 1903; Pub. L. 106-65, Div. A, 
            Title V, Sec. 531(b)(3), Title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 
            1999, 113 Stat. 602, 774.)

        444  Sec. 9355. Board of Visitors.
                (a) A Board of Visitors to the Academy is constituted 
            annually of--
                            (1) the chairman of the Committee on Armed 
                        Services of the Senate, or his designee;
                            (2) three other members of the Senate 
                        designated by the Vice President or the 
                        President pro tempore of the Senate, two of whom 
                        are members of the Committee on Appropriations 
                        of the Senate;
                            (3) the Chairman of the Committee on Armed 
                        Services of the House of Representatives, or his 
                        designee;
                            (4) four other members of the House of 
                        Representatives designated by the Speaker of the 
                        House of Representatives, two of whom are 
                        members of the Committee on Appropriations of 
                        the House of Representatives; and
                            (5) six persons designated by the President.
                (b) The persons designated by the President serve for 
            three years each except that any member whose term of office 
            has expired shall continue to serve until his successor is 
            appointed. The President shall designate two persons each 
            year to succeed the members whose terms expire that year.
                (c) If a member of the board dies or resigns, a 
            successor shall be designated for the unexpired portion of 
            the term by the official who designated the member.
                (d) The Board shall visit the Academy annually. With the 
            approval of the Secretary of the Air Force, the Board or its 
            members may make other visits to the Academy in connection 
            with the duties of the Board or to consult with the 
            Superintendent of the Academy.
                (e) The Board shall inquire into the morale and 
            discipline, the curriculum, instruction, physical equipment, 
            fiscal affairs, academic methods, and other matters relating 
            to the Academy which the Board decides to consider.
                (f) Within 60 days after its annual visit, the Board 
            shall submit a written report to the President of its 
            action, and of its views and recommendations pertaining to 
            the Academy. Any report of a visit, other than the annual 
            visit, shall, if approved by a majority of the members of 
            the Board, be submitted to the President within 60 days 
            after the approval.
                (g) Upon approval by the Secretary, the Board may call 
            in advisers for consultation.
                (h) While performing his duties, each member of the 
            board and each adviser be reimbursed under Government travel 
            regulations for his travel expenses. (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 
            1041, Sec. 1, 70A Stat. 567; Dec. 23, 1980, P.L. 95-579, 
            Sec. 13(c), 94 Stat. 3369; Feb. 10, 1996, P.L. 104-106, Div 
            A, Title X, Subtitle F, Sec. 1061(e)(2), Title XV, 
            Sec. 1502(a)(12), 110 Stat. 443, 503; Pub. L. 106-65, Div. 
            A, Title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774.)
            
              Chapter 1013.--BUDGET INFORMATION AND ANNUAL REPORTS TO 
                                      CONGRESS

        445  Sec. 10541. National Guard and reserve component equipment; 
                annual report to Congress.
                (a) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 
            Congress each year, not later than February 15, a written 
            report concerning the equipment of the National Guard and 
            the reserve components of the armed forces for each of the 
            three succeeding fiscal years.
                (b) Each report under this section shall include the 
            following:
                            (1) Recommendations as to the type and 
                        quantity of each major item of equipment which 
                        should be in the inventory of the Selected 
                        Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each reserve 
                        component of the armed forces.
                            (2) A statement of the quantity and average 
                        age of each type of major item of equipment 
                        which is expected to be physically available in 
                        the inventory of the Selected Reserve of the 
                        Ready Reserve of each reserve component as of 
                        the beginning of each fiscal year covered by the 
                        report.
                            (3) A statement of the quantity and cost of 
                        each type of major item of equipment which is 
                        expected to be procured for the Selective 
                        Reserve of the Ready Reserve of each reserve 
                        component from commercial sources or to be 
                        transferred to each such Selected Reserve from 
                        the active-duty components of the armed forces.
                            (4) A statement of the quantity of each type 
                        of major item of equipment which is expected to 
                        be retired, decommissioned, transferred, or 
                        otherwise removed from the physical inventory of 
                        the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve of 
                        each reserve component and the plans for 
                        replacement of that equipment.
                            (5) A listing of each major item of 
                        equipment required by the Selected Reserve of 
                        the Ready Reserve of each reserve component 
                        indicating--

                                (A) the full war-time requirement of 
                            that component for that item, shown in 
                            accordance with deployment schedules and 
                            requirements over successive 30-day periods 
                            following mobilization;

                                (B) the number of each such item in the 
                            inventory of the component;

                                (C) a separate listing of each such item 
                            in the inventory that is a deployable item 
                            and is not the most desired item;

                                (D) the number of each such item 
                            projected to be in the inventory at the end 
                            of the third succeeding fiscal year; and

                                (E) the number of nondeployable items in 
                            the inventory as a substitute for a required 
                            major item of equipment.

                            (6) A narrative explanation of the plan of 
                        the Secretary concerned to provide equipment 
                        needed to fill the war-time requirement for each 
                        major item of equipment to all units of the 
                        Selected Reserve, including an explanation of 
                        the plan to equip units of the Selected Reserve 
                        that are short of major items of equipment at 
                        the outset of war.
                            (7) For each item of major equipment 
                        reported under paragraph (3) in a report for one 
                        of the three previous years under this section 
                        as an item expected to be procured for the 
                        Selected Reserve or to be transferred to the 
                        Selected Reserve, the quantity of such equipment 
                        actually procured for or transferred to the 
                        Selected Reserve.
                            (8) A statement of the current status of the 
                        compatibility of equipment between Army reserve 
                        components and active forces of the Army, the 
                        effect of that level of incompatibility on 
                        combat effectiveness, and a plan to achieve full 
                        equipment compatibility.
                (c) Each report under this section shall be expressed in 
            the same format and with the same level of detail as the 
            information presented in the annual Five Year Defense 
            Program Procurement Annex prepared by the Department of 
            Defense. (Added Pub. L. 101-510, Sec. 1483(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 
            104 Stat. 1714 [former Sec. 115(a)(2), (3)]; amended Pub. L. 
            102-484, Sec. 1134, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2541; 
            transferred, redesignated Sec. 10541, and amended Pub. L. 
            103-337, Sec. 1661(d)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2982.)
                            TITLE 12.--BANKS AND BANKING

            
                         Chapter 3.--FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM

        445  Sec. 303. Qualifications and disabilities [of members of 
                Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System].
                No Senator * * * shall be a member of the Board of 
            Governors of the Federal Reserve System or an officer or a 
            director of a Federal Reserve bank. * * * (Dec. 23, 1913, 
            ch. 6, Sec. 4, 38 Stat. 255; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, 
            Sec. 203(a), 49 Stat. 704.)
                               TITLE 14.--COAST GUARD

            
                           Chapter 9.--COAST GUARD ACADEMY

        446  Sec. 194. Annual Board of Visitors.
                (a) In addition to the Advisory Committee, a Board of 
            Visitors to the Academy is established to visit the Academy 
            annually and to make recommendations on the operation of the 
            Academy.
                (b) The Board shall be composed of--
                            (1) two Senators designated by the Chairman 
                        of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                        Transportation of the Senate;
                            (2) three Members of the House of 
                        Representatives designated by the Chairman of 
                        the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries 
                        of the House of Representatives;
                            (3) one Senator designated by the President 
                        of the Senate;
                            (4) two Members of the House of 
                        Representatives designated by the Speaker of the 
                        House of Representatives; and
                            (5) the Chairman of the Committee on 
                        Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
                        Senate and the Chairman of the Committee on 
                        Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the House of 
                        Representatives, as ex offico Members.
                (c) When a Member is unable to attend the annual meeting 
            another Member may be designated as provided under 
            subsection (b).
                (d) When an ex officio Member is unable to attend the 
            annual meeting that Member may designate another Member.
                (e) Members of the Board shall be designated in the 
            First Session and serve for the duration of the Congress.
                (f) The Board shall visit the Academy annually on the 
            date chosen by the Secretary. Each Member of the Board shall 
            be reimbursed, to the extent permitted by law, by the Coast 
            Guard for actual expenses incurred while engaged in duties 
            as a Member of the Board. (Aug. 4, 1949, ch. 393, Sec. 1, 63 
            Stat. 510; Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101-595, Sec. 304, 104 
            Stat. 2984.)
                            15 u.s.c.--commerce and trade

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                            TITLE 15.--COMMERCE AND TRADE

            
                     Chapter 21.--NATIONAL POLICY ON EMPLOYMENT

      446.5  Sec. 1022. Economic Report of President; coverage; 
                supplementary reports; reference to congressional joint 
                committee; percentage rate of unemployment; definitions.
                (a) The President shall annually transmit to the 
            Congress not later than 10 days after the submission of the 
            budget under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States 
            Code, with copies transmitted to the Governor of each State 
            and to other appropriate State and local officials, an 
            economic report (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as 
            the ``Economic Report'') together with the annual report of 
            the Council of Economic Advisers submitted in accord with 
            section 1023(c) of this title, setting forth--
                            (1) the current and foreseeable trends in 
                        the levels of employment, unemployment, 
                        production, capital formation, real income, 
                        Federal budget outlays and receipts, 
                        productivity, international trade and payments, 
                        and prices, and a review and analysis of recent 
                        domestic and international developments 
                        affecting economic trends in the Nation;
                            (2)(A) annual numerical goals for employment 
                        and unemployment, production, real income, 
                        productivity, Federal outlays as a proportion of 
                        gross national product, and prices for the 
                        calendar year in which the Economic Report is 
                        transmitted and for the following calendar year, 
                        designated as short-term goals, which shall be 
                        consistent with achieving as rapidly as feasible 
                        the goals of full employment and production, 
                        increased real income, balanced growth, fiscal 
                        policies that would establish the share of an 
                        expanding gross national product accounted for 
                        by Federal outlays at the lowest level 
                        consistent with national needs and priorities, a 
                        balanced Federal budget, adequate productivity 
                        growth, price stability, achievement of an 
                        improved trade balance, and proper attention to 
                        national priorities; and
                            (B) annual numerical goals as specified in 
                        subparagraph (A) for the three successive 
                        calendar years, designated as medium term goals;
                            (3) employment objectives for certain 
                        significant subgroups of the labor force, 
                        including youth, women, minorities, handicapped 
                        persons, veterans, and middle-aged and older 
                        persons; and
                            (4) a program for carrying out the policy 
                        declared in section 1021 of this title, together 
                        with such recommendations for legislation as the 
                        President may deem necessary or desirable.
                (b) The President may transmit from time to time to the 
            Congress reports supplementary to the Economic Report, each 
            of which shall include such supplementary or revised 
            recommendations as he may deem necessary or desirable to 
            achieve the policy declared in section 1021 of this title.
                (c) The Economic Report, and all supplementary reports 
            transmitted under subsection (b) of this section, shall, 
            when transmitted to Congress, be referred to the joint 
            committee created by section 1024 of this title.
                (d) For the purposes of the Full Employment and Balanced 
            Growth Act of 1978, [15 U.S.C.A. Sec. 3101 et seq.], the 
            percentage rate of unemployment as a percentage of the 
            civilian labor force as set forth by the Bureau of Labor 
            Statistics in the Department of Labor as computed under the 
            procedures in effect as of October 27, 1978.
                (e) For the purpose of the Full Employment and Balanced 
            Growth Act of 1978, [15 U.S.C.A. Sec. 3101 et seq.], the 
            terms ``inflation'', ``prices'', and ``reasonable price 
            stability'' refer to the rate of change or level of the 
            consumer price index as set forth by the Bureau of Labor 
            Statistics, United States Department of Labor. (Feb. 20, 
            1946, ch. 33, Sec. 3, 60 Stat. 24; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 
            Sec. 226, 60 Stat. 838; June 18, 1956, ch. 399, Sec. 1, 70 
            Stat. 289; Oct. 27, 1978, Pub. L. 95-523, Sec. 103, 92 Stat. 
            1892; May 10, 1979, Pub. L. 96-10, Sec. 6(d), 93 Stat. 24; 
            Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13112(e), 
            104 Stat. 1388.)
        447  Sec. 1024. Joint Economic Committee.

  

      447.1      (a) There is established a Joint Economic Committee, to 
            be composed of ten Members of the Senate, to be appointed by 
            the President of the Senate, and ten Members of the House of 
            Representatives, to be appointed by the Speaker of the House 
            of Representatives. In each case, the majority party shall 
            be represented by six Members and the minority party shall 
            be represented by four Members.
      447.2      (b) It shall be the function of the joint committee--
                            (1) to make a continuing study of matters 
                        relating to the Economic Report;
                            (2) to study means of coordinating programs 
                        in order to further the policy of this chapter; 
                        and
                            (3) as a guide to the several committees of 
                        the Congress dealing with legislation relating 
                        to the Economic Report, not later than March 1 
                        of each year (beginning with the year 1947) to 
                        file a report with the Senate and the House of 
                        Representatives containing its findings and 
                        recommendations with respect to each of the main 
                        recommendations made by the President in the 
                        Ecomonic Report, and from time to time to make 
                        such other reports and recommendations to the 
                        Senate and House of Representatives as it deems 
                        advisable.
      447.3      (c) Vacancies in the membership of the joint committee 
            shall not affect the power of the remaining members to 
            execute the functions of the joint committee, and shall be 
            filled in the same manner as in the case of the original 
            selection. The joint committee shall select a chairman and a 
            vice chairman from among its members.
      447.4      (d) The joint committee, or any duly authorized 
            subcommittee thereof, is authorized to hold such hearings as 
            it deems advisable, and, within the limitations of its 
            appropriations, the joint committee is empowered to appoint 
            and fix the compensation of such experts, consultants, 
            technicians, and clerical and stenographic assistants, to 
            procure such printing and binding, and to make such 
            expenditures, as it deems necessary and advisable. The cost 
            of stenographic services to report hearings of the joint 
            committee, or any subcommittee thereof, shall not exceed 25 
            cents per hundred words. The joint committee is authorized 
            to utilize the services, information, and facilities of the 
            departments and establishments of the Government, and also 
            of private research agencies.
      447.5      (e) To enable the joint committee to exercise its 
            powers, functions, and duties there are authorized to be 
            appropriated for each fiscal year such sums as may be 
            necessary, to be disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate on 
            vouchers signed by the chairman or vice chairman, except 
            that vouchers shall not be required for the disbursement of 
            salaries of employees paid at an annual rate.
      447.6      (f) Service of one individual, until the completion of 
            the investigation authorized by Senate Concurrent Resolution 
            26, Eighty-first Congress, as an attorney or expert for the 
            joint committee, in any business or professional field, on a 
            part-time basis, with or without compensation, shall not be 
            considered as service or employment bringing such individual 
            within the provisions of sections 281, 283, or 284 of title 
            18, or of any other Federal law imposing restrictions, 
            requirements, or penalties in relation to the employment of 
            persons, the performance of services, or the payment or 
            receipt of compensation in connection with any claim, 
            proceeding, or matter involving the United States. (Feb. 20, 
            1946, ch. 33, Sec. 5, 60 Stat. 25; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 
            Sec. 225, 60 Stat. 838; Feb. 2, 1948, ch. 42, 62 Stat. 16, 
            Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 627, Sec. Sec. 1, 2, 63 Stat. 721; June 
            18, 1956, ch. 399, Sec. 2, 70 Stat. 290; Feb. 17, 1959, Pub. 
            L. 86-1, 73 Stat. 3; Oct. 13, 1964, Pub. L. 88-661, 78 Stat. 
            1093; Jan. 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90-2, 81 Stat. 4; Dec. 27, 
            1974, Pub. L. 93-554, Sec. 101, 88 Stat. 1776.) (Note: 
            Section 5 of act of February 20, 1946, ch. 33, 60 Stat. 25 
            was redesignated Section 11 by Pub. L. 95-523, Title I, 
            Sec. 104, Oct. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 1893.)
        448  Sec. 1025. Same; printing of monthly publication entitled 
                ``Economic Indicators''; distribution.
                The Joint Economic Committee is authorized to issue a 
            monthly publication entitled ``Economic Indicators'', and a 
            sufficient quantity shall be printed to furnish one copy to 
            each Member of Congress; the Secretary and the Sergeant at 
            Arms of the Senate; the Clerk, Sergeant at Arms, and Chief 
            Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives; two 
            copies to the libraries of the Senate and House, and the 
            Congressional Library; seven hundred copies to the Joint 
            Economic Committee; and the required number of copies to the 
            Superintendent of Documents for distribution to depository 
            libraries; and the Superintendent of Documents is authorized 
            to have copies printed for sale to the public. (June 23, 
            1949, ch. 237, 63 Stat. 264; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
            Sec. 217, Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1747.)
                      18 u.s.c.--crimes and criminal procedure

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                      TITLE 18.--CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

            
               Chapter 11.--BRIBERY, GRAFT, AND CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

        450  Sec. 201. Bribery of public officials and witnesses.
                (a) For the purpose of this section--
                            (1) the term ``public official'' means 
                        Member of Congress, Delegate, or Resident 
                        Commissioner, either before or after such 
                        official has qualified, or an officer or 
                        employee or person acting for or on behalf of 
                        the United States, or any department, agency or 
                        branch of Government thereof, including the 
                        District of Columbia, in any official function, 
                        under or by authority of any such department, 
                        agency, or branch of Government, or a juror;
                            (2) the term ``person who has been selected 
                        to be a public official'' means any person who 
                        has been nominated or appointed to be a public 
                        official, or has been officially informed that 
                        such person will be so nominated or appointed; 
                        and
                            (3) the term ``official act'' means any 
                        decision or action on any question, matter, 
                        cause, suit, proceeding or controversy, which 
                        may at any time be pending, or which may by law 
                        be brought before any public official, in such 
                        official's official capacity, or in such 
                        official's place of trust or profit.
                (b) Whoever--
                            (1) directly or indirectly, corruptly gives, 
                        offers or promises anything of value to any 
                        public official or person who has been selected 
                        to be a public official, or offers or promises 
                        any public official or any person who has been 
                        selected to be a public official to give 
                        anything of value to any other person or entity, 
                        with intent--

                                (A) to influence any official act; or

                                (B) to influence such public official or 
                            person who has been selected to be a public 
                            official to commit or aid in committing, or 
                            collude in, or allow, any fraud, or make 
                            opportunity for the commission of any fraud, 
                            on the United States; or

                                (C) to induce such public official or 
                            such person who has been selected to be a 
                            public official to do or omit to do any act 
                            in violation of the lawful duty of such 
                            official or person;

                            (2) being a public official or person 
                        selected to be a public official, directly or 
                        indirectly, corruptly demands, seeks, receives, 
                        accepts, or agrees to receive or accept anything 
                        of value personally or for any other person or 
                        entity, in return for--

                                (A) being influenced in the performance 
                            of any official act;

                                (B) being influenced to commit or aid in 
                            committing, or to collude in, or allow, any 
                            fraud, or make opportunity for the 
                            commission of any fraud, on the United 
                            States; or

                                (C) being induced to do or omit to do 
                            any act in violation of the official duty of 
                            such official or person;

                            (3) directly or indirectly, corruptly gives, 
                        offers, or promises anything of value to any 
                        person, or offers or promises such person to 
                        give anything of value to any other person or 
                        entity, with intent to influence the testimony 
                        under oath or affirmation of such first-
                        mentioned person as a witness upon a trial, 
                        hearing, or other proceeding, before any court, 
                        any committee of either House or both Houses of 
                        Congress, or any agency, commission, or officer 
                        authorized by the laws of the United States to 
                        hear evidence or take testimony, or with intent 
                        to influence such person to absent himself 
                        therefrom;
                            (4) directly or indirectly, corruptly 
                        demands, seeks, receives, accepts, or agrees to 
                        receive or accept anything of value personally 
                        or for any other person or entity in return for 
                        being influenced in testimony under oath or 
                        affirmation as a witness upon any such trial, 
                        hearing, or other proceeding, or in return for 
                        absenting himself therefrom;

            shall be fined under this title or not more than three times 
            the monetary equivalent of the thing of value, whichever is 
            greater, or imprisoned for not more than fifteen years, or 
            both, and may be disqualified from holding any office of 
            honor, trust, or profit under the United States.

                (c) Whoever--
                            (1) otherwise than as provided by law for 
                        the proper discharge of official duty--

                                (A) directly or indirectly gives, 
                            offers, or promises anything of value to any 
                            public official, former public official, or 
                            person selected to be a public official, for 
                            or because of any official act performed or 
                            to be performed by such public official, 
                            former public official, or person selected 
                            to be a public official; or

                                (B) being a public official, former 
                            public official, or person selected to be a 
                            public official, otherwise than as provided 
                            by law for the proper discharge of official 
                            duty, directly or indirectly demands, seeks, 
                            receives, accepts, or agrees to receive or 
                            accept anything of value personally for or 
                            because of any official act performed or to 
                            be performed by such official or person;

                            (2) directly or indirectly, gives, offers, 
                        or promises anything of value to any person, for 
                        or because of the testimony under oath or 
                        affirmation given or to be given by such person 
                        as a witness upon a trial, hearing, or other 
                        proceeding, before any court, any committee of 
                        either House or both Houses of Congress, or any 
                        agency, commission, or officer authorized by the 
                        laws of the United States to hear evidence or 
                        take testimony, or for or because of such 
                        person's absence therefrom;
                            (3) directly or indirectly, demands, seeks, 
                        receives, accepts, or agrees to receive or 
                        accept anything of value personally for or 
                        because of the testimony under oath or 
                        affirmation given or to be given by such person 
                        as a witness upon any such trial, hearing, or 
                        other proceeding, or for or because of such 
                        person's absence therefrom;

            shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more 
            than two years, or both.

                (d) Paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (b) and 
            paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (c) shall not be 
            construed to prohibit the payment or receipt of witness fees 
            provided by law, or the payment, by the party upon whose 
            behalf a witness is called and receipt by a witness, of the 
            reasonable cost of travel and subsistence incurred and the 
            reasonable value of time lost in attendance at any such 
            trial, hearing, or proceeding, or in the case of expert 
            witnesses, a reasonable fee for time spent in the 
            preparation of such opinion, and in appearing and 
            testifying.
                (e) The offenses and penalties prescribed in this 
            section are separate from and in addition to those 
            prescribed in sections 1503, 1504, and 1505 of this title. 
            (Oct. 23, 1962; Pub. L. 87-849, Sec. 1(a), 76 Stat. 1119, 
            and amended Pub. L. 91-405, Title II, Sec. 204(d)(1), Sept. 
            22, 1970, 84 Stat. 853; Pub. L. 99-646, Sec. 46(a), Nov. 10, 
            1986, 100 Stat. 3601-3604; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, 
            Sec. 330016(2)(D), 108 Stat. 2148.)
        451  Sec. 202. Definitions.
                (a) For the purpose of sections 203, 205, 207, 208, and 
            209 of this title the term ``special Government employee'' 
            shall mean an officer or employee of the executive or 
            legislative branch of the United States Government, of any 
            independent agency of the United States or of the District 
            of Columbia, who is retained, designated, appointed, or 
            employed to perform, with or without compensation, for not 
            to exceed one hundred and thirty days during any period of 
            three hundred and sixty-five consecutive days, temporary 
            duties either on a full-time or intermittent basis, or a 
            part-time United States commissioner, a part-time United 
            States magistrate, or, regardless of the number of days of 
            appointment, an independent counsel appointed under chapter 
            40 of title 28 and any person appointed by that independent 
            counsel under section 594(c) of title 28. Notwithstanding 
            the next preceding sentence, every person serving as a part-
            time local representative of a Member of Congress in the 
            Member's home district or State shall be classified a 
            special Government employee. Notwithstanding section 29 (c) 
            and (d) of the Act of August 10, 1956 (70A Stat. 632; 5 
            U.S.C. 30r (c) and (d)),\1\ a Reserve Officer of the Armed 
            Forces, or an officer of the National Guard of the United 
            States, unless otherwise an officer or employee of the 
            United States, shall be classified as a special Government 
            employee while on active duty solely for training. A Reserve 
            officer of the Armed Forces or an officer of the National 
            Guard of the United States who is voluntarily serving a 
            period of extended active duty in excess of one hundred and 
            thirty days shall be classified as an officer of the United 
            States within the meaning of section 203 and sections 205 
            through 209 and 218. A Reserve officer of the Armed Forces 
            or an officer of the National Guard of the United States who 
            is serving involuntarily shall be classified as a special 
            Government employee. The terms ``officer or employee'' and 
            ``special Government employee'' as used in sections 203, 
            205, 207 through 209, and 218, shall not include enlisted 
            members of the Armed Forces.
                \1\ Section 30r (c) and (d) of title 5, United States 
                Code, is now contained in sections 502, 2105(d), and 
                5534 of that title.
                (b) For the purposes of sections 205 and 207 of this 
            title, the term ``official responsibility'' means the direct 
            administrative or operating authority, whether intermediate 
            or final, and either exercisable alone or with others, and 
            either personally or through subordinates, to approve, 
            disapprove, or otherwise direct Government action.
                (c) Except as otherwise provided in such sections, the 
            terms ``officer'' and ``employee'' in sections 203, 205, 207 
            through 209, and 218 of this title shall not include the 
            President, the Vice President, a Member of Congress, or a 
            Federal judge.
                (d) The term ``Member of Congress'' in sections 204 and 
            207 means--
                            (1) A United States Senator; and
                            (2) a Representative in, or a Delegate or 
                        Resident Commissioner to, the House of 
                        Representatives.
                (e) As used in this chapter, the term--
                            (1) ``executive branch'' includes each 
                        executive agency as defined in title 5, and any 
                        other entity or administrative unit in the 
                        executive branch;
                            (2) ``judicial branch'' means the Supreme 
                        Court of the United States; the United States 
                        courts of appeals; the United States district 
                        courts; the Court of International Trade; the 
                        United States bankruptcy courts; any court 
                        created pursuant to article I of the United 
                        States Constitution, including the Court of 
                        Appeals for the Armed Forces, the United States 
                        Court of Federal Claims, and the United States 
                        Tax Court, but not including a court of a 
                        territory or possession of the United States; 
                        the Federal Judicial Center, and any other 
                        agency, office, or entity in the judicial 
                        branch; and
                            (3) ``legislative branch'' means--

                                (A) the Congress; and

                                (B) the Office of the Architect of the 
                            Capitol, the United States Botanic Garden, 
                            the General Accounting Office, the 
                            Government Printing Office, the Library of 
                            Congress, the Office of Technology 
                            Assessment, the Congressional Budget Office, 
                            the United States Capitol Police, and any 
                            other agency, entity, office, or commission 
                            established in the legislative branch. (June 
                            25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 691; 
                            Oct. 23, 1962, Pub. L. 87-849, 76 Stat. 
                            1121; Oct. 17, 1968, Pub. L. 90-578, 
                            Sec. 301(b), 82 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 100-191, 
                            Sec. 3(a), Dec. 15, 1987, 101 Stat. 1306; 
                            Pub. L. 101-194, Title IV, Sec. 401, Nov. 
                            30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1747; Pub. L. 101-280, 
                            Sec. 5(a), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 158; Pub. 
                            L. 102-572, Sec. 902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 
                            106 Stat. 4516; Pub. L. 103-337, 
                            Sec. 924(d)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 
                            2832.)

        452  Sec. 203. Compensation to Members of Congress, officers, and 
                others in matters affecting the Government.
                (a) Whoever, otherwise than as provided by law for the 
            proper discharge of official duties, directly or 
            indirectly--
                            (1) demands, seeks, receives, accepts, or 
                        agrees to receive or accept any compensation for 
                        any representational services, as agent or 
                        attorney or otherwise, services rendered or to 
                        be rendered either personally or by another--

                                (A) at a time when such person is a 
                            Member of Congress, Member of Congress 
                            Elect, Delegate, Delegate Elect, Resident 
                            Commissioner, or Resident Commissioner 
                            Elect; or

                                (B) at a time when such person is an 
                            officer or employee or Federal judge of the 
                            United States in the executive, legislative, 
                            or judicial branch of the Government, or in 
                            any agency of the United States,

                    in relation to any proceeding, application, request 
                    for a ruling or other determination, contract, 
                    claim, controversy, charge, accusation, arrest, or 
                    other particular matter in which the United States 
                    is a party or has a direct and substantial interest, 
                    before any department, agency, court, court-martial, 
                    officer, or any civil, military, or naval 
                    commission; or
                            (2) knowingly gives, promises, or offers any 
                        compensation for any such representational 
                        services rendered or to be rendered at a time 
                        when the person to whom the compensation is 
                        given, promised, or offered, is or was such a 
                        Member, Member Elect, Delegate, Delegate Elect, 
                        Commissioner, Commissioner Elect, Federal judge, 
                        officer, or employee;

            shall be subject to the penalties set forth in section 216 
            of this title.

                (b) Whoever, otherwise than as provided by law for the 
            proper discharge of official duties, directly or 
            indirectly--
                            (1) demands, seeks, receives, accepts, or 
                        agrees to receive or accept any compensation for 
                        any representational services, as agent or 
                        attorney or otherwise, rendered or to be 
                        rendered either personally or by another, at a 
                        time when such person is an officer or employee 
                        of the District of Columbia, in relation to any 
                        proceeding, application, request for a ruling or 
                        other determination, contract, claim, 
                        controversy, charge, accusation, arrest, or 
                        other particular matter in which the District of 
                        Columbia is a party or has a direct and 
                        substantial interest, before any department, 
                        agency, court, officer, or commission; or
                            (2) knowingly gives, promises, or offers any 
                        compensation for any such representational 
                        services rendered or to be rendered at a time 
                        when the person to whom the compensation is 
                        given, promised, or offered, is or was an 
                        officer or employee of the District of Columbia;

            shall be subject to the penalties set forth in section 216 
            of this title.

                (c) A special Government employee shall be subject to 
            subsection (a) only in relation to a particular matter 
            involving a specific party or parties--
                            (1) in which such employee has at any time 
                        participated personally and substantially as a 
                        Government employee or as a special Government 
                        employee through decision, approval, 
                        disapproval, recommendation, the rendering of 
                        advice, investigation or otherwise; or
                            (2) which is pending in the department or 
                        agency of the Government in which such employee 
                        is serving except that paragraph (2) of this 
                        subsection shall not apply in the case of a 
                        special Government employee who has served in 
                        such department or agency no more than sixty 
                        days during the immediately preceding period of 
                        three hundred and sixty-five consecutive days.
                (d) Nothing in this section prevents an officer or 
            employee, including a special Government employee, from 
            acting, with or without compensation, as agent or attorney 
            for or otherwise representing his parents, spouse, child, or 
            any person for whom, or for any estate for which, he is 
            serving as guardian, executor, administrator, trustee, or 
            other personal fiduciary except--
                            (1) in those matters in which he has 
                        participated personally and substantially as a 
                        Government employee or as a special Government 
                        employee through decision, approval, 
                        disapproval, recommendation, the rendering of 
                        advice, investigation, or otherwise; or
                            (2) in those matters that are the subject of 
                        his official responsibility,

            subject to approval by the Government official responsible 
            for appointment to his position.

                (e) Nothing in this section prevents a special 
            Government employee from acting as agent or attorney for 
            another person in the performance of work under a grant by, 
            or a contract with or for the benefit of, the United States 
            if the head of the department or agency concerned with the 
            grant or contract certifies in writing that the national 
            interest so requires and publishes such certification in the 
            Federal Register.
                (f) Nothing in this section prevents an individual from 
            giving testimony under oath or from making statements 
            required to be made under penalty of perjury. (Oct. 23, 
            1962, Pub. L. 87-849, Sec. 1(a), 76 Stat. 1121, and amended 
            Pub. L. 91-405, Title II, Sec. 204(d)(2), (3), Sept. 22, 
            1970, 84 Stat. 853; Pub. L. 99-646, Sec. 47(a), Nov. 10, 
            1986, 100 Stat. 3604, 3605; Pub. L. 101-194, Title IV, 
            Sec. 402, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1748; Pub. L. 101-280, 
            Sec. 5(b), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 159.)
        453  Sec. 204. Practice in United States Court of Federal Claims 
                or the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal 
                Circuit by Members of Congress.
                Whoever, being a Member of Congress or Member of 
            Congress Elect, practices in the United States Court of 
            Federal Claims or the United States Court of Appeals for the 
            Federal Circuit shall be subject to the penalties set forth 
            in section 216 of this title. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 
            Stat. 697; Oct. 23, 1962; Pub. L. 87-849, 76 Stat. 1122; 
            Sept. 22, 1970; Pub. L. 91-405, Sec. 204(d), 84 Stat. 853; 
            Pub. L. 97-164, Sec. 147, Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 45; Pub. L. 
            101-194, Title IV, Sec. 403, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1749; 
            Pub. L. 102-572, Sec. 902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 
            4516.)
        454  Sec. 205. Activities of officers and employees in claims 
                against and other matters affecting the Government.
                (a) Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United 
            States in the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of 
            the Government or in any agency of the United States, other 
            than in the proper discharge of his official duties--
                            (1) acts as agent or attorney for 
                        prosecuting any claim against the United States, 
                        or receives any gratuity, or any share of or 
                        interest in any such claim, in consideration of 
                        assistance in the prosecution of such claim; or
                            (2) acts as agent or attorney for anyone 
                        before any department, agency, court, court-
                        martial, officer, or civil, military, or naval 
                        commission in connection with any covered matter 
                        in which the United States is a party or has a 
                        direct and substantial interest;

            shall be subject to the penalties set forth in section 216 
            of this title.

                (b) Whoever, being an officer or employee of the 
            District of Columbia or an officer or employee of the Office 
            of the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, 
            otherwise than in the proper discharge of official duties--
                            (1) acts as agent or attorney for 
                        prosecuting any claim against the District of 
                        Columbia, or receives any gratuity, or any share 
                        of or interest in any such claim in 
                        consideration of assistance in the prosecution 
                        of such claim; or
                            (2) acts as agent or attorney for anyone 
                        before any department, agency, court, officer, 
                        or commission in connection with any covered 
                        matter in which the District of Columbia is a 
                        party or has a direct and substantial interest;

            shall be subject to the penalties set forth in section 216 
            of this title.

                (c) A special Government employee shall be subject to 
            subsections (a) and (b) only in relation to a covered matter 
            involving a specific party or parties--
                            (1) in which he has at any time participated 
                        personally and substantially as a Government 
                        employee or special Government employee through 
                        decision, approval, disapproval, recommendation, 
                        the rendering of advice, investigation, or 
                        otherwise; or
                            (2) which is pending in the department or 
                        agency of the Government in which he is serving.

            Paragraph (2) shall not apply in the case of a special 
            Government employee who has served in such department or 
            agency no more than sixty days during the immediately 
            preceding period of three hundred and sixty-five consecutive 
            days.

                (d)(1) Nothing in subsection (a) or (b) prevents an 
            officer or employee, if not inconsistent with the faithful 
            performance of that officer's or employee's duties, from 
            acting without compensation as agent or attorney for, or 
            otherwise representing--
                            (A) any person who is the subject of 
                        disciplinary, loyalty, or other personnel 
                        administration proceedings in connection with 
                        those proceedings; or
                            (B) except as provided in paragraph (2), any 
                        cooperative, voluntary, professional, 
                        recreational, or similar organization or group 
                        not established or operated for profit, if a 
                        majority of the organization's or group's 
                        members are current officers or employees of the 
                        United States or of the District of Columbia, or 
                        their spouses or dependent children.
                (2) Paragraph (1)(B) does not apply with respect to a 
            covered matter that--
                            (A) is a claim under subsection (a)(1) or 
                        (b)(1);
                            (B) is a judicial or administrative 
                        proceeding where the organization or group is a 
                        party; or
                            (C) involves a grant, contract, or other 
                        agreement (including a request for any such 
                        grant, contract, or agreement) providing for the 
                        disbursement of Federal funds to the 
                        organization or group.
                (e) Nothing in subsection (a) or (b) prevents an officer 
            or employee, including a special Government employee, from 
            acting, with or without compensation, as agent or attorney 
            for, or otherwise representing, his parents, spouse, child, 
            or any person for whom, or for any estate for which, he is 
            serving as guardian, executor, administrator, trustee, or 
            other personal fiduciary except--
                            (1) in those matters in which he has 
                        participated personally and substantially as a 
                        Government employee or special Government 
                        employee through decision, approval, 
                        disapproval, recommendation, the rendering of 
                        advice, investigation, or otherwise, or
                            (2) in those matters which are the subject 
                        of his official responsibility,

            subject to approval by the Government official responsible 
            for appointment to his position.

                (f) Nothing in subsection (a) or (b) prevents a special 
            Government employee from acting as agent or attorney for 
            another person in the performance of work under a grant by, 
            or a contract with or for the benefit of, the United States 
            if the head of the department or agency concerned with the 
            grant or contract certifies in writing that the national 
            interest so requires and publishes such certification in the 
            Federal Register.
                (g) Noting in this section prevents an officer or 
            employee from giving testimony under oath or from making 
            statements required to be made under penalty for perjury or 
            contempt.
                (h) For the purpose of this section, the term ``covered 
            matter'' means any judicial or other proceeding, 
            application, request for a ruling or other determination, 
            contract, claim, controversy, investigation, charge, 
            accusation, arrest, or other particular matter.
                (i) Nothing in this section prevents an employee from 
            acting pursuant to--
                            (1) chapter 71 of title 5;
                            (2) section 1004 or chapter 12 of title 39;
                            (3) section 3 of the Tennessee Valley 
                        Authority Act of 1933 (16 U.S.C. 831b);
                            (4) chapter 10 of title I of the Foreign 
                        Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4104 et seq.); or
                            (5) any provision of any other Federal or 
                        District of Columbia law that authorizes labor-
                        management relations between an agency or 
                        instrumentality of the United States or the 
                        District of Columbia and any labor organization 
                        that represents its employees.

            (Added Pub. L. 87-849, Sec. 1(a), October 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 
            1122, and amended Pub. L. 101-194, Title IV, Sec. 404, Nov. 
            30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1750; Pub. L. 101-280, Sec. 5(c), May 4, 
            1990, 104 Stat. 159; Pub. L. 104-177, Sec. 2, Aug. 6, 1996, 
            110 Stat. 1563.)

        455  Sec. 210. Offer to procure appointive public office.
                Whoever pays or offers or promises any money or thing of 
            value to any person, firm, or corporation in consideration 
            of the use or promise to use any influence to procure any 
            appointive office or place under the United States for any 
            person, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not 
            more than one year, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 
            Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 694; Oct. 23, 1962, Pub. L. 87-849, 
            Sec. 1(b), 76 Stat. 1125; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, 
            Sec. 330016 (1)(H), 108 Stat. 2147.)
        456  Sec. 211. Acceptance or solicitation to obtain appointive 
                public office.
                Whoever solicits or receives, either as a political 
            contribution, or for personal emolument, any money or thing 
            of value, in consideration of the promise of support or use 
            of influence in obtaining for any person any appointive 
            office or place under the United States, shall be fined not 
            more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or 
            both.
                Whoever solicits or receives any thing of value in 
            consideration of aiding a person to obtain employment under 
            the United States either by referring his name to an 
            executive department or agency of the United States or by 
            requiring the payment of a fee because such person has 
            secured such employment shall be fined under this title or 
            imprisoned not more than one year, or both. This section 
            shall not apply to such services rendered by an employment 
            agency pursuant to the written request of an executive 
            department or agency of the United States. (June 25, 1948, 
            ch. 645, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 694; Sept. 13, 1951, ch. 380, 65 
            Stat. 320; Oct. 23, 1962, Pub. L. 87-849, Sec. 1(b), 76 
            Stat. 1125; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, 
            Sec. 330016(1)(H), 108 Stat. 2147.)

            
               Chapter 18.--CONGRESSIONAL, CABINET, AND SUPREME COURT 
                       ASSASSINATION, KIDNAPPING, AND ASSAULT

        458  Sec. 351. Congressional, Cabinet, and Supreme Court 
                assassination, kidnapping, and assault; penalties.
                (a) Whoever kills any individual who is a Member of 
            Congress or a Member-of-Congress-elect, a member of the 
            executive branch of the Government who is the head, or a 
            person nominated to be head during the pendency of such 
            nomination, of a department listed in section 101 of title 5 
            or the second ranking official in such department, the 
            Director (or a person nominated to be Director during the 
            pendency of such nomination) or Deputy Director of Central 
            Intelligence, a major Presidential or Vice Presidential 
            candidate (as defined in section 3056 of this title), or a 
            Justice of the United States, as defined in section 451 of 
            title 28, or a person nominated to be a Justice of the 
            United States, during the pendency of such nomination, shall 
            be punished as provided by sections 1111 and 1112 of this 
            title.
                (b) Whoever kidnaps any individual designated in 
            subsection (a) of this section shall be punished (1) by 
            imprisonment for any term of years or for life, or (2) by 
            death or imprisonment for any term of years or for life, if 
            death results to such individual.
                (c) Whoever attempts to kill or kidnap any individual 
            designated in subsection (a) of this section shall be 
            punished by imprisonment for any term of years or for life.
                (d) If two or more persons conspire to kill or kidnap 
            any individual designated in subsection (a) of this section 
            and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the 
            object of the conspiracy, each shall be punished (1) by 
            imprisonment for any term of years or for life, or (2) by 
            death or imprisonment for any term of years or for life, if 
            death results to such individual.
                (e) Whoever assaults any person designated in subsection 
            (a) of this section shall be fined under this title, or 
            imprisoned not more than one year, or both; and if the 
            assault involved the use of a dangerous weapon, or personal 
            injury results, shall be fined under this title, or 
            imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
                (f) If Federal investigative or prosecutive jurisdiction 
            is asserted for a violation of this section, such assertion 
            shall suspend the exercise of jurisdiction by a State or 
            local authority, under any applicable State or local law, 
            until Federal action is terminated.
                (g) Violations of this section shall be investigated by 
            the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Assistance may be 
            requested from any Federal, State, or local agency, 
            including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, any statute, rule, 
            or regulation to the contrary notwithstanding.
                (h) In a prosecution for an offense under this section 
            the Government need not prove that the defendant knew that 
            the victim of the offense was an individual protected by 
            this section.
                (i) There is extraterritorial jurisdiction over the 
            conduct prohibited by this section. (Added Pub. L. 91-644, 
            Title IV, Sec.  15, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1891, and amended 
            Pub. L. 97-285, Sec. Sec.  1, 2(a), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 
            1219; Pub. L. 99-646, Sec.  62, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 
            3614; Pub. L. 100-690, Title VII, Sec.  7074, Nov. 18, 1988, 
            102 Stat. 4405; Pub. L. 103-322, Title XXXII, Sec.  
            320101(d), Title XXXIII, Sec. Sec.  330016(1)(K), (L), 
            330021(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2108, 2147, 2150; Pub. 
            L. 104-294, Title VI, Sec.  604(b)(12)(C), (c)(2), Oct. 11, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 3507, 3509.)
            
                               Chapter 23.--CONTRACTS

        460  Sec. 431. Contracts by Member of Congress.
                Whoever, being a Member of or Delegate to Congress, or a 
            Resident Commissioner, either before or after he has 
            qualified, directly or indirectly, himself, or by any other 
            person in trust for him, or for his use or benefit, or on 
            his account, undertakes, executes, holds, or enjoys, in 
            whole or in part, any contract or agreement, made or entered 
            into in behalf of the United States or any agency thereof, 
            by any officer or person authorized to make contracts on its 
            behalf, shall be fined under this title.
                All contracts or agreements made in violation of this 
            section shall be void; and whenever any sum of money is 
            advanced by the United States or any agency thereof, in 
            consideration of any such contract or agreement, it shall 
            forthwith be repaid; and in case of failure or refusal to 
            repay the same when demanded by the proper officer of the 
            department or agency under whose authority such contract or 
            agreement shall have been made or entered into, suit shall 
            at once be brought against the person so failing or refusing 
            and his sureties for the recovery of the money so advanced. 
            (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 702; Oct. 31, 
            1951, ch. 655, Sec. 19, 65 Stat. 717; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. 
            L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(J), 108 Stat. 2147.)
        461  Sec. 432. Officer or employee contracting with Member of 
                Congress.
                Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United 
            States, on behalf of the United States or any agency 
            thereof, directly or indirectly makes or enters into any 
            contract, bargain, or agreement, with any Member of or 
            Delegate to Congress, or any Resident Commissioner, either 
            before or after he has qualified, shall be fined under this 
            title. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 702; Sept. 
            13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(J), 108 Stat. 
            2147.)
        462  Sec. 433. Exemptions with respect to certain contracts.
                Sections 431 and 432 of this title shall not extend to 
            any contract or agreement made or entered into, or accepted 
            by any incorporated company for the general benefit of such 
            corporation; nor to the purchase or sale of bills of 
            exchange or other property where the same are ready for 
            delivery and payment therefor is made at the time of making 
            or entering into the contract or agreement. Nor shall the 
            provisions of such section apply to advances, loans, 
            discounts, purchase or repurchase agreements extensions, or 
            renewals thereof, or acceptances, releases or substitutions 
            of security therefor or other contracts or agreements made 
            or entered into under the Reconstruction Finance Corporation 
            Act, the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Federal Farm Loan 
            Act, the Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of 1933, the Farm 
            Credit Act of 1933, or the Home Owners Loan Act of 1933, the 
            Farmers' Home Administration Act of 1946, the Bankhead-Jones 
            Farm Tenant Act, or to crop insurance agreements or 
            contracts or agreements of a kind which the Secretary of 
            Agriculture may enter into with farmers.
                Any exemption permitted by this section shall be made a 
            matter of public record. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 1, 62 
            Stat. 703; Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87-353, Sec. 3(o), 75 Stat. 
            774.)

            
                   Chapter 29.--ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL ACTIVITIES

            Sec. 591. (Repealed.)
   462.1-1
   462.1-1  Sec. 594. Intimidation of voters.
                Whoever intimidates, threatens, coerces, or attempts to 
            intimidate, threaten, or coerce, any other person for the 
            purpose of interfering with the right of such other person 
            to vote or to vote as he may choose, or of causing such 
            other person to vote for, or not to vote for, any candidate 
            for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential 
            elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of 
            Representatives, Delegate from the District of Columbia, or 
            Resident Commissioner, at any election held solely or in 
            part for the purpose of electing such candidate, shall be 
            fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, 
            or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 720; Sept. 22, 
            1970, Pub. L. 91-405, Title II, Sec. 204(d)(5), 84 Stat. 
            853; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(H), 108 
            Stat. 2147.)
   462.1-2
   462.1-2  Sec. 595. Interference by administrative employees of 
                Federal, State, or Territorial Governments.
                Whoever, being a person employed in any administrative 
            position by the United States, or by any department or 
            agency thereof, or by the District of Columbia, or any 
            agency or instrumentality thereof, or by any State, 
            Territory, or Possession of the United States, or any 
            political subdivision, municipality, or agency thereof, or 
            agency of such political subdivision or municipality 
            (including any corporation owned or controlled by any State, 
            Territory, or Possession of the United States or by any such 
            political subdivision, municipality, or agency), in 
            connection with any activity which is financed in whole or 
            in part by loans or grants made by the United States, or any 
            department or agency thereof, uses his official authority 
            for the purpose of interfering with, or affecting, the 
            nomination or the election of any candidate for the office 
            of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Member 
            of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, 
            Delegate from the District of Columbia, or Resident 
            Commissioner, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned 
            not more than one year, or both.
                This section shall not prohibit or make unlawful any act 
            by any officer or employee of any educational or research 
            institution, establishment, agency, or system which is 
            supported in whole or in part by any state or political 
            subdivision thereof, or by the District of Columbia or by 
            any Territory or Possession of the United States; or by any 
            recognized religious, philanthropic or cultural 
            organization. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 720; Sept. 
            22, 1970, Pub. L. 91-405, Title II, Sec. 204(d)(6), 84 Stat. 
            853; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(H), 108 
            Stat. 2147.)
      462.2  Sec. 597. Expenditures to influence voting.
                Whoever makes or offers to make an expenditure to any 
            person, either to vote or withhold his vote, or to vote for 
            or against any candidate; and
                Whoever solicits, accepts, or receives any such 
            expenditure in consideration of his vote or the withholding 
            of his vote--
                Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more 
            than one year, or both; and if the violation was willful, 
            shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 
            two years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 721; 
            Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, Title XXXIII, 
            Sec. 330016(1)(H), 108 Stat. 2147; Oct. 11, 1996, Pub. L. 
            104-294, Title VI, Sec. 601(a)(12), 110 Stat. 3498.)
      462.3  Sec. 598. Coercion by means of relief appropriations.
                Whoever uses any part of any appropriation made by 
            Congress for work relief, relief, or for increasing 
            employment by providing loans and grants for public-works 
            projects, or exercises or administers any authority 
            conferred by any Appropriation Act for the purpose of 
            interfering with, restraining, or coercing any individual in 
            the exercise of his right to vote at any election, shall be 
            fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, 
            or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 721; Sept. 13, 
            1994, Pub. L. 103-322, Title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(H), 108 
            Stat. 2147.)
      462.4  Sec. 599. Promise of appointment by candidate.
                Whoever, being a candidate, directly or indirectly 
            promises or pledges the appointment, or the use of his 
            influence or support for the appointment of any person to 
            any public or private position or employment, for the 
            purpose of procuring support in his candidacy shall be fined 
            under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or 
            both; and if the violation was willful, shall be fined under 
            this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. 
            (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 721; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. 
            L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(H), (L), 108 Stat. 2147.)
      462.5  Sec. 600. Promise of employment or other benefit for 
                political activity.
                Whoever, directly or indirectly, promises any 
            employment, position, compensation, contract, appointment, 
            or other benefit, provided for or made possible in whole or 
            in part by any Act of Congress, or any special consideration 
            in obtaining any such benefit, to any person as 
            consideration, favor, or reward for any political activity 
            or for the support of or opposition to any candidate or any 
            political party in connection with any general or special 
            election to any political office, or in connection with any 
            primary election or political convention or caucus held to 
            select candidates for any political office, shall be fined 
            under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or 
            both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 721; Feb. 7, 1972, 
            Pub. L. 92-225, Sec. 202, 86 Stat 9; Oct. 2, 1976, Pub. L. 
            94-453, Sec. 3, 90 Stat. 1517; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-
            322, Sec. 330016(1)(L), 108 Stat. 2147.)
      462.6  Sec. 601. Deprivation of employment or other benefit for 
                political contribution.
                (a) Whoever, directly or indirectly, knowingly causes or 
            attempts to cause any person to make a contribution of a 
            thing of value (including services) for the benefit of any 
            candidate or any political party, by means of the denial or 
            deprivation, or the threat of the denial or deprivation, 
            of--
                            (1) any employment, position, or work in or 
                        for any agency or other entity of the Government 
                        of the United States, a State, or a political 
                        subdivision of a State, or any compensation or 
                        benefit of such employment, position, or work; 
                        or
                            (2) any payment or benefit of a program of 
                        the United States, a State, or a political 
                        subdivision of a State;

            if such employment, position, work, compensation, payment, 
            or benefit is provided for or made possible in whole or in 
            part by an Act of Congress, shall be fined under this title 
            or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

                (b) As used in this section--
                            (1) the term ``candidate'' means an 
                        individual who seeks nomination for election, or 
                        election, to Federal, State, or local office, 
                        whether or not such individual is elected, and, 
                        for purposes of this paragraph, an individual 
                        shall be deemed to seek nomination for election, 
                        or election, to Federal, State, or local office, 
                        if he has (A) taken the action necessary under 
                        the law of a State to qualify himself for 
                        nomination for election, or election, or (B) 
                        received contributions or made expenditures, or 
                        has given his consent for any other person to 
                        receive contributions or make expenditures, with 
                        a view to bringing about his nomination for 
                        election, or election, to such office;
                            (2) the term ``election'' means (A) a 
                        general, special primary, or runoff election, 
                        (B) a convention or caucus of political party 
                        held to nominate a candidate, (C) a primary 
                        election held for the selection of delegates to 
                        a nominating convention of a political party, 
                        (D) a primary election held for the expression 
                        of a preference for the nomination of persons 
                        for election to the office of President, and (E) 
                        the election of delegates to a constitutional 
                        convention for proposing amendments to the 
                        Constitution of the United States or of any 
                        State; and
                            (3) the term ``State'' means a State of the 
                        United States, the District of Columbia, the 
                        Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or 
                        possession of the United States. (June 25, 1948, 
                        ch. 645, 62 Stat. 721; Oct. 2, 1976, Pub. L. 94-
                        453, Sec. 1, 90 Stat. 1516; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. 
                        L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(L), 108 Stat. 2147.)
      462.7  Sec. 602. Solicitation of political contributions.
                (a) It shall be unlawful for--
                            (1) a candidate for the Congress;
                            (2) an individual elected to or serving in 
                        the office of Senator or Representative in, or 
                        Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the 
                        Congress;
                            (3) an officer or employee of the United 
                        States or any department or agency thereof; or
                            (4) a person receiving any salary or 
                        compensation for services from money derived 
                        from the Treasury of the United States; to 
                        knowingly solicit any contribution within the 
                        meaning of section 301(8) of the Federal 
                        Election Campaign Act of 1971 from any other 
                        such officer, employee, or person. Any person 
                        who violates this section shall be fined under 
                        this title or imprisoned not more than 3 years, 
                        or both.
                (b) The prohibition in subsection (a) shall not apply to 
            any activity of an employee (as defined in section 7322(1) 
            of title 5) or any individual employed in or under the 
            United States Postal Service or the Postal Rate Commission, 
            unless that activity is prohibited by section 7323 or 7324 
            of such title. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 722; Jan. 
            8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-187, Title II, Sec. 201(a)(3), 93 Stat. 
            1367; Oct. 6, 1994, Pub. L. 103-94, Sec. 4, 107 Stat. 1004.)
      462.8  Sec. 603. Making political contributions.
                (a) It shall be unlawful for an officer or employee of 
            the United States or any department or agency thereof, or a 
            person receiving any salary or compensation for services 
            from money derived from the Treasury of the United States, 
            to make any contribution within the meaning of section 
            301(8) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to any 
            other such officer, employee or person or to any Senator or 
            Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, 
            the Congress, if the person receiving such contribution is 
            the employer or employing authority of the person making the 
            contribution. Any person who violates this section shall be 
            fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three 
            years, or both.
                (b) For purposes of this section, a contribution to an 
            authorized committee as defined in section 302(e)(1) of the 
            Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 shall be considered a 
            contribution to the individual who has authorized such 
            committee.
                (c) The prohibition in subsection (a) shall not apply to 
            any activity of an employee (as defined in section 7322(1) 
            of title 5) or any individual employed in or under the 
            United States Postal Service or the Postal Rate Commission, 
            unless that activity is prohibited by section 7323 or 7324 
            of such title. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 722; Oct. 
            31, 1951, ch. 655, Sec. 20(b), 65 Stat. 718; Jan. 8, 1980, 
            Pub. L. 96-187, Title II, Sec. 201(a)(4), 93 Stat. 1367; 
            Oct. 6, 1993, Pub. L. 103-94, Sec. 7, 107 Stat. 1005.)
      462.9  Sec. 604. Solicitation from persons on relief.
                Whoever solicits or receives or is in any manner 
            concerned in soliciting or receiving any assessment, 
            subscription, or contribution for any political purpose from 
            any person known by him to be entitled to, or receiving 
            compensation, employment, or other benefit provided for or 
            made possible by any Act of Congress appropriating funds for 
            work relief or relief purposes, shall be fined under this 
            title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (June 
            25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 722, Pub. L. 103-322, 
            Sec. 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
     462.10  Sec. 605. Disclosure of names of persons on relief.
                Whoever, for political purposes, furnishes or discloses 
            any list of names of persons receiving compensation, 
            employment or benefits provided for or made possible by any 
            Act of Congress appropriating, or authorizing the 
            appropriation of funds for work relief or relief purposes, 
            to a political candidate, committee, campaign manager, or to 
            any person for delivery to a political candidate, committee, 
            or campaign manager; and
                Whoever receives any such list or names for political 
            purposes--shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not 
            more than one year, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 
            Stat. 722, Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 
            1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
     462.11  Sec. 606. Intimidation to secure political contributions.
                Whoever, being one of the officers or employees of the 
            United States mentioned in section 602 of this title, 
            discharges, or promotes, or degrades, or in any manner 
            changes the official rank or compensation of any other 
            officer or employee, or promises or threatens so to do, for 
            giving or withholding or neglecting to make any contribution 
            of money or other valuable thing for any political purpose, 
            shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 
            three years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 
            722.)
     462.12  Sec. 607. Place of solicitation.
                (a) It shall be unlawful for any person to solicit or 
            receive any contribution within the meaning of section 
            301(8) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 in any 
            room or building occupied in the discharge of official 
            duties by any person mentioned in section 603, or in any 
            navy yard, fort, or arsenal. Any person who violates this 
            section shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not 
            more than three years, or both.
                (b) The prohibition in subsection (a) shall not apply to 
            the receipt of contributions by persons on the staff of a 
            Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident 
            Commissioner to, the Congress, provided, that such 
            contributions have not been solicited in any manner which 
            directs the contributor to mail or deliver a contribution to 
            any room, building, or other facility referred to in 
            subsection (a), and provided that such contributions are 
            transferred within seven days of receipt to a political 
            committee within the meaning of section 302(e) of the 
            Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971. (June 25, 1948, ch. 
            645, 62 Stat. 722; Jan. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96-187, Title II, 
            Sec. 201(a)(5), 93 Stat. 1367.)

            
                      Chapter 35.--EMBLEMS, INSIGNIA AND NAMES

     462.17  Sec. 713. Use of likenesses of the great seal of the United 
                States, the seals of the President and Vice President, 
                and the seal of the United States Senate, the seal of 
                the United States House of Representatives, and the seal 
                of the United States Congress.
                (a) Whoever knowingly displays any printed or other 
            likeness of the great seal of the United States, or of the 
            seals of the President or the Vice President of the United 
            States, or the seal of the United States Senate, or the seal 
            of the United States House of Representatives, or the seal 
            of the United States Congress, or any facsimile thereof, in, 
            or in connection with, any advertisement, poster, circular, 
            book, pamphlet, or other publication, public meeting, play, 
            motion picture, telecast, or other production, or on any 
            building, monument, or stationery, for the purpose of 
            conveying, or in a manner reasonably calculated to convey, a 
            false impression of sponsorship or approval by the 
            Government of the United States or by any department, 
            agency, or instrumentality thereof, shall be fined under 
            this title or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.
                (b) Whoever, except as authorized under regulations 
            promulgated by the President and published in the Federal 
            Register, knowingly manufactures, reproduces, sells, or 
            purchases for resale, either separately or appended to any 
            article manufactured or sold, any likeness of the seals of 
            the President or Vice President, or any substantial part 
            thereof, except for manufacture or sale of the article for 
            the official use of the Government of the United States, 
            shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 
            six months, or both.
                (c) Whoever, except as directed by the United States 
            Senate, or the Secretary of the Senate on its behalf, 
            knowingly uses, manufactures, reproduces, sells or purchases 
            for resale, either separately or appended to any article 
            manufactured or sold, any likeness of the seal of the United 
            States Senate, or any substantial part thereof, except for 
            manufacture or sale of the article for the official use of 
            the Government of the United States, shall be fined under 
            this title or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.
                (d) Whoever, except as directed by the United States 
            House of Representatives, or the Clerk of the House of 
            Representatives on its behalf, knowingly uses, manufactures, 
            reproduces, sells or purchases for resale, either separately 
            or appended to any article manufactured or sold, any 
            likeness of the seal of the United States House of 
            Representatives, or any substantial part thereof, except for 
            manufacture or sale of the article for the official use of 
            the Government of the United States, shall be fined under 
            this title or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.
                (e) Whoever, except as directed by the United States 
            Congress, or the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of 
            the House of Representatives, acting jointly on its behalf, 
            knowingly uses, manufactures, reproduces, sells or purchases 
            for resale, either separately or appended to any article 
            manufactured or sold, any likeness of the seal of the United 
            States Congress, or any substantial part thereof, except for 
            manufacture or sale of the article for the official use of 
            the Government of the United States, shall be fined under 
            this title or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.
                (f) A violation of the provisions of this section may be 
            enjoined at the suit of the Attorney General,
                            (1) in the case of the great seal of the 
                        United States and the seals of the President and 
                        Vice President, upon complaint by any authorized 
                        representative of any department or agency of 
                        the United States;
                            (2) in the case of the seal of the United 
                        States Senate, upon complaint by the Secretary 
                        of the Senate;
                            (3) in the case of the seal of the United 
                        States House of Representatives, upon complaint 
                        by the Clerk of the House of Representatives; 
                        and
                            (4) in the case of the seal of the United 
                        States Congress, upon complaint by the Secretary 
                        of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of 
                        Representatives, acting jointly. (Added Pub. L. 
                        89-807, Sec. 1(a), Nov. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 1525, 
                        and amended Pub. L. 91-651, Sec. 1, Jan. 5, 
                        1971, 84 Stat. 1940; Pub. L. 102-229, Title II, 
                        Sec. 210(a)-(d), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1717; 
                        Pub. L. 103-322, Title XXXIII, 
                        Sec. 330016(1)(E), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 
                        2146; Pub. L. 105-55, Title III, Sec. 308(a)-
                        (d), Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 1198.)
            
                        Chapter 37.--ESPIONAGE AND CENSORSHIP

     462.19  Sec. 798. Disclosure of classified information.
                (a) Whoever knowingly and willfully communicates, 
            furnishes, transmits, or otherwise makes available to an 
            unauthorized person, or publishes, or uses in any manner 
            prejudicial to the safety or interest of the United States 
            or for the benefit of any foreign government to the 
            detriment of the United States any classified information--
                            (1) concerning the nature, preparation, or 
                        use of any code, cipher, or cryptographic system 
                        of the United States or any foreign government; 
                        or
                            (2) concerning the design, construction, 
                        use, maintenance, or repair of any device, 
                        apparatus, or appliance used or prepared or 
                        planned for use by the United States or any 
                        foreign government for cryptographic or 
                        communication intelligence purposes; or
                            (3) concerning the communication 
                        intelligence activities of the United States or 
                        any foreign government; or
                            (4) obtained by the processes of 
                        communication intelligence from the 
                        communications of any foreign government, 
                        knowing the same to have been obtained by such 
                        processes--

            Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 
            ten years, or both.

                (b) As used in subsection (a) of this section--
                The term ``classified information'' means information 
            which, at the time of a violation of this section, is for 
            reasons of national security, specifically designated by a 
            United States Government Agency for limited or restricted 
            dissemination or distribution;
                The terms ``code,'' ``cipher,'' and ``cryptographic 
            system'' include in their meanings, in addition to their 
            usual meanings, any method of secret writing and any 
            mechanical or electrical device or method used for the 
            purpose of disguising or concealing the contents, 
            significance, or meanings of communications;
                The term ``foreign government'' includes in its meaning 
            any person or persons acting or purporting to act for or on 
            behalf of any faction, party, department, agency, bureau, or 
            military force of or within a foreign country, or for or on 
            behalf of any government or any person or persons purporting 
            to act as a government within a foreign country, whether or 
            not such government is recognized by the United States;
                The term ``communication intelligence'' means all 
            procedures and methods used in the interception of 
            communications and the obtaining of information from such 
            communications by other than the intended recipients;
                The term ``unauthorized person'' means any person who, 
            or agency which, is not authorized to receive information of 
            the categories set forth in subsection (a) of this section, 
            by the President, or by the head of a department of agency 
            of the United States Government which is expressly 
            designated by the President to engage in communication 
            intelligence activities for the United States.
                (c) Nothing in this section shall prohibit the 
            furnishing, upon lawful demand, of information to any 
            regularly constituted committee of the Senate or House of 
            Representatives of the United States of America, or joint 
            committee thereof.
                (d)(1) Any person convicted of a violation of this 
            section shall forfeit to the United States irrespective of 
            any provision of State law--
                            (A) any property constituting, or derived 
                        from, any proceeds the person obtained, directly 
                        or indirectly, as the result of such violation; 
                        and
                            (B) any of the person's property used, or 
                        intended to be used, in any manner or part, to 
                        commit, or to facilitate the commission of, such 
                        violation.
                (2) The court, in imposing sentence on a defendant for a 
            conviction of a violation of this section, shall order that 
            the defendant forfeit to the United States all property 
            described in paragraph (1).
                (3) Except as provided in paragraph (4), the provisions 
            of subsections (b), (c), and (e) through (p) of section 413 
            of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act 
            of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 853(b), (c), and (e)-(p)), shall apply 
            to--
                            (A) property subject to forfeiture under 
                        this subsection;
                            (B) any seizure or disposition of such 
                        property; and
                            (C) any administrative or judicial 
                        proceeding in relation to such property,

            if not inconsistent with this subsection.

                (4) Notwithstanding section 524(c) of title 28, there 
            shall be deposited in the Crime Victims Fund established 
            under section 1402 of the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (42 
            U.S.C. 10601) all amounts from the forfeiture of property 
            under this subsection remaining after the payment of 
            expenses for forfeiture and sale authorized by law.
                (5) As used in this subsection, the term ``State'' means 
            any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, 
            the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or 
            possession of the United States.

            (Added Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, Sec. 24(a), 65 Stat. 719, and 
            amended Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, Title XXXIII, 
            Sec. 330016(1)(L), 108 Stat. 2147; Oct. 14, 1994, Pub. L. 
            103-359, Title VIII, Sec. 804(a), 108 Stat. 3439; Oct. 11, 
            1996, Pub. L. 104-294, Title VI, Sec. 602(c), 110 Stat. 
            3503.)

            
                         Chapter 73.--OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE

     462.20  Sec. 1505. Obstruction of proceedings before departments, 
                agencies, and committees.
                Whoever, with intent to avoid, evade, prevent, or 
            obstruct compliance, in whole or in part, with any civil 
            investigative demand duly and properly made under the Civil 
            Process Act, willfully withholds, misrepresents, removes 
            from any place, conceals, covers up, destroys, mutilates, 
            alters, or by other means falsifies any documentary 
            material, answers to written interrogatories, or oral 
            testimony, which is the subject of such demand; or attempts 
            to do so or solicits another to do so; or
                Whoever corruptly, or by threats or force, or by any 
            threatening letter or communication influences, obstructs, 
            or impedes or endeavors to influence, obstruct, or impede 
            the due and proper administration of the law under which any 
            pending proceeding is being had before any department or 
            agency of the United States, or the due and proper exercise 
            of the power of inquiry under which any inquiry or 
            investigation is being had by either House, or any committee 
            of either House or any joint committee of the Congress--
                Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more 
            than five years, or both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 
            770; Sept. 19, 1962, Pub. L. 87-664, Sec. 6(a), 76 Stat. 
            551; Oct. 15, 1970, Pub. L. 91-452, Title IX, Sec. 903, 84 
            Stat. 947; Sept. 30, 1976, Pub. L. 94-435, Title I, 
            Sec. 105, 90 Stat. 1389; Oct. 12, 1982, Pub. L. 97-291, 
            Sec. 4(d), 96 Stat. 1253; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, 
            Title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), 108 Stat. 2147.)
            
                             Chapter 83.--POSTAL SERVICE

        463  Sec. 1719. Franking privilege.
                Whoever makes use of any official envelope, label, or 
            indorsement authorized by law, to avoid the payment of 
            postage or registry fee on his private letter, packet, 
            package, or other matter in the mail, shall be fined under 
            this title. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 783; Sept. 13, 
            1994, Pub. L. 103-322, Title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(F), 108 
            Stat. 2147.)
            
                     Chapter 93.--PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES

      463.5  Sec. 1906. Disclosure of information from a bank examination 
                report.
                Whoever, being an examiner, public or private, or a 
            General Accounting Office employee with access to bank 
            examination report information under section 714 of title 
            31, discloses the names of borrowers or the collateral for 
            loans of any member bank of the Federal Reserve System, any 
            bank insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
            any branch or agency of a foreign bank (as such terms are 
            defined in paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 1(b) of the 
            International Banking Act of 1978), or any organization 
            operating under section 25 or section 25(a) of the Federal 
            Reserve Act, examined by him or subject to General 
            Accounting Office audit under section 714 of title 31 to 
            other than the proper officers of such bank, branch, agency, 
            or organization, without first having obtained the express 
            permission in writing from the Comptroller of the Currency 
            as to a national bank or a Federal branch or Federal agency 
            (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (5) and (6) of 
            section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978), the 
            Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as to a 
            State member bank, an uninsured State branch or State agency 
            (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (11) and (12) of 
            section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978), or 
            an organization operating under section 25 or section 25(a) 
            of the Federal Reserve Act, or the Federal Deposit Insurance 
            Corporation as to any other insured bank, including any 
            insured branch (as defined in section 3(s) of the Federal 
            Deposit Insurance Act), or from the board of directors of 
            such bank or organization, except when ordered to do so by a 
            court of competent jurisdiction, or by direction of the 
            Congress of the United States, or either House thereof, or 
            any committee of Congress or either House duly authorized or 
            as authorized by section 714 of title 31 shall be fined 
            under this title or imprisoned not more than one year or 
            both. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 791; July 21, 1978, 
            Pub. L. 95-320, Sec. 3, 92 Stat. 393; Sept. 13, 1982, Pub. 
            L. 97-258, Sec. 3(e)(1), 96 Stat. 1064; Nov. 29, 1990, Pub. 
            L. 101-647, Title XXV, Sec. 2597(k), 104 Stat. 4911; Sept. 
            13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, Title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), 
            108 Stat. 2147.)
        464  Sec. 1913. Lobbying with appropriated moneys.
                No part of the money appropriated by any enactment of 
            Congress shall, in the absence of express authorization by 
            Congress, be used directly or indirectly to pay for any 
            personal service, advertisement, telegram, telephone, 
            letter, printed or written matter, or other device, intended 
            or designed to influence in any manner a Member of Congress, 
            to favor or oppose, by vote or otherwise, any legislation or 
            appropriation by Congress, whether before or after the 
            introduction of any bill or resolution proposing such 
            legislation or appropriation; but this shall not prevent 
            officers or employees of the United States or of its 
            departments or agencies from communicating to Members of 
            Congress on the request of any Member or to Congress, 
            through the proper official channels, requests for 
            legislation or appropriations which they deem necessary for 
            the efficient conduct of the public business.
                Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United 
            States or of any department or agency thereof, violates or 
            attempts to violate this section, shall be fined under this 
            title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both; and 
            after notice and hearing by the superior officer vested with 
            the power of removing him, shall be removed from office or 
            employment. (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 792; Sept. 13, 
            1994, Pub. L. 103-322, Title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(G), 108 
            Stat. 2147.)
      464.1  Sec. 1918. Disloyalty and asserting the right to strike 
                against the Government.
                Whoever violates the provision of section 7311 of title 
            5 that an individual may not accept or hold a position in 
            the Government of the United States or the government of the 
            District of Columbia if he--
                            (1) advocates the overthrow of our 
                        constitutional form of government;
                            (2) is a member of an organization that he 
                        knows advocates the overthrow of our 
                        constitutional form of government;
                            (3) participates in a strike, or asserts the 
                        right to strike, against the Government of the 
                        United States or the government of the District 
                        of Columbia; or
                            (4) is a member of an organization of 
                        employees of the Government of the United States 
                        or of individuals employed by the government of 
                        the District of Columbia that he knows asserts 
                        the right to strike against the Government of 
                        the United States or the government of the 
                        District of Columbia;

            shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 
            one year and a day, or both. (Added Pub. L. 89-554, 
            Sec. 3(d), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 609, and amended Pub. L. 
            104-294, Title VI, Sec. 601(a)(8), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 
            3498.)

            
                           Part V.--IMMUNITY OF WITNESSES

      465.1  Sec. 6001. Definitions.
                As used in this chapter--
                            (1) ``agency of the United States'' means 
                        any executive department as defined in section 
                        101 of title 5, United States Code, a military 
                        department as defined in section 102 of title 5, 
                        United States Code, the Nuclear Regulatory 
                        Commission, the Board of Governors of the 
                        Federal Reserve System, the China Trade Act 
                        registrar appointed under 53 Stat. 1432 (15 
                        U.S.C. sec. 143), the Commodity Futures Trading 
                        Commission, the Federal Communications 
                        Commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance 
                        Corporation, the Federal Maritime Commission, 
                        the Federal Power Commission, the Federal Trade 
                        Commission, the Surface Transportation Board, 
                        the National Labor Relations Board, the National 
                        Transportation Safety Board, the Railroad 
                        Retirement Board, an arbitration board 
                        established under 48 Stat. 1193 (45 U.S.C. sec. 
                        157), the Securities and Exchange Commission, or 
                        a board established under 49 Stat. 31 (15 U.S.C. 
                        sec. 715d);
                            (2) ``other information'' includes any book, 
                        paper, document, record, recording, or other 
                        material;
                            (3) ``proceeding before an agency of the 
                        United States'' means any proceeding before such 
                        an agency with respect to which it is authorized 
                        to issue subpoenas and to take testimony or 
                        receive other information from witnesses under 
                        oath; and
                            (4) ``court of the United States'' means any 
                        of the following courts; the Supreme Court of 
                        the United States, a United States court of 
                        appeals, a United States district court 
                        established under chapter 5, title 28, United 
                        States Code, a United States bankruptcy court 
                        established under chapter 6, title 28, United 
                        States Code, the District of Columbia Court of 
                        Appeals, the Superior Court of the District of 
                        Columbia, the District Court of Guam, the 
                        District Court of the Virgin Islands, the United 
                        States Court of Federal Claims, the Tax Court of 
                        the United States, the Court of International 
                        Trade, and the Court of Appeals for the Armed 
                        Forces. (Added Pub. L. 91-452, Title II, 
                        Sec. 201(a), Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 926, and 
                        amended Pub. L. 95-405, Sec. 25, Sept. 30, 1978, 
                        92 Stat. 877; Pub. L. 95-598, Title III, 
                        Sec. 314(l), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2678; Pub. 
                        L. 96-417, Title VI, Sec. 601(l), Oct. 10, 1980, 
                        94 Stat. 1744; Pub. L. 97-164, Title I, 
                        Sec. 164(l), Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 50; Pub. L. 
                        102-550, Title XV, Sec. 1543, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 
                        Stat. 4069; Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 4(d), July 5, 
                        1994, 108 Stat. 1361; Pub. L. 103-322, Title 
                        XXXIII, Sec. 330013(2), (3), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 
                        Stat. 2146; Pub. L. 103-337, Div. A, Title IX, 
                        Sec. 924(d)(1)(B), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2832; 
                        Pub. L. 104-88, Title III, Sec. 303(2), Dec. 29, 
                        1995, 109 Stat. 943.)
      465.2  Sec. 6002. Immunity generally.
                Whenever a witness refuses, on the basis of his 
            privilege against self-incrimination, to testify or provide 
            other information in a proceeding before or ancillary to--
                            (1) a court or grand jury of the United 
                        States,
                            (2) an agency of the United States, or
                            (3) either House of Congress, a joint 
                        committee of the two Houses, or a committee or a 
                        subcommittee of either House,

            and the person presiding over the proceeding communicates to 
            the witness an order issued under this title, the witness 
            may not refuse to comply with the order on the basis of his 
            privilege against self-incrimination; but no testimony or 
            other information compelled under the order (or any 
            information directly or indirectly derived from such 
            testimony or other information) may be used against the 
            witness in any criminal case, except a prosecution for 
            perjury, giving a false statement, or otherwise failing to 
            comply with the order. (Added Pub. L. 91-452, Title II, 
            Sec. 201(a), Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 927, and amended Pub. 
            L. 103-322, Title XXXIII, Sec. 330013(4), Sept. 13, 1994, 
            108 Stat. 2146.)

      465.3  Sec. 6005. Congressional proceedings.
                (a) In the case of any individual who has been or may be 
            called to testify or provide other information at any 
            proceeding before or ancillary to either House of Congress, 
            or any committee, or any subcommittee of either House, or 
            any joint committee of the two Houses, a United States 
            district court shall issue, in accordance with subsection 
            (b) of this section, upon the request of a duly authorized 
            representative of the House of Congress or the committee 
            concerned, an order requiring such individual to give 
            testimony or provide other information which he refuses to 
            give or provide on the basis of his privilege against self-
            incrimination, such order to become effective as provided in 
            section 6002 of this title.
                (b) Before issuing an order under subsection (a) of this 
            section, a United States district court shall find that--
                            (1) in the case of a proceeding before or 
                        ancillary to either Houses of Congress, the 
                        request for such an order has been approved by 
                        an affirmative vote of a majority of the Members 
                        present of that House;
                            (2) in the case of a proceeding before or 
                        ancillary to a committee or a subcommittee of 
                        either House of Congress or a joint committee of 
                        both Houses, the request for such an order has 
                        been approved by an affirmative vote of two-
                        thirds of the members of the full committee; and
                            (3) ten days or more prior to the day on 
                        which the request for such an order was made, 
                        the Attorney General was served with notice of 
                        an intention to request the order.
                (c) Upon application of the Attorney General, the United 
            States district court shall defer the issuance of any order 
            under subsection (a) of this section for such period, not 
            longer than twenty days from the date of the request for 
            such order, as the Attorney General may specify.

            (Added Pub. L. 91-452, Title II, Sec. 201(a), Oct. 15, 1970, 
            84 Stat. 928, and amended Pub. L. 103-322, Title XXXIII, 
            Sec. 330013(4), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2146; Pub. L. 104-
            292, Sec. 5, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3460; Pub. L. 104-294, 
            Title VI, Sec. 605(o), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3510.)
                              19 u.s.c.--customs duties

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                              TITLE 19.--CUSTOMS DUTIES

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                           Chapter 12.--TRADE ACT OF 1974

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                   Subchapter I.--Negotiating and Other Authority

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                 Part 5.--CONGRESSIONAL PROCEDURES WITH RESPECT TO 
                                PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS

      465.4  Sec. 2191. Bills implementing trade agreements on nontariff 
                barriers and resolutions approving commercial agreements 
                with Communist countries.
            (a) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate.
                This section and sections 2192 and 2193 of this title 
            are enacted by the Congress--
                            (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power 
                        of the House of Representatives and the Senate, 
                        respectively, and as such they are deemed a part 
                        of the rules of each House, respectively, but 
                        applicable only with respect to the procedure to 
                        be followed in that House in the case of 
                        implementing bills described in subsection 
                        (b)(1) of this section, implementing revenue 
                        bills described in subsection (b)(2) of this 
                        section, approval resolutions described in 
                        subsection (b)(3) of this section, and 
                        resolutions described in sections 2192(a) and 
                        2193(a) of this title; and they supersede other 
                        rules only to the extent that they are 
                        inconsistent therewith; and
                            (2) with full recognition of the 
                        constitutional right of either House to change 
                        the rules (so far as relating to the procedure 
                        of that House) at any time, in the same manner 
                        and to the same extent as in the case of any 
                        other rule of that House.

            (b) Definitions.
                For purposes of this section--
                            (1) The term ``implementing bill'' means 
                        only a bill of either House of Congress which is 
                        introduced as provided in subsection (c) of this 
                        section with respect to one or more trade 
                        agreements, or with respect to an extension 
                        described in section 3572(c)(3) of this title, 
                        submitted to the House of Representatives and 
                        the Senate under section 2112, section 
                        2903(a)(1) of this title, or section 3572 of 
                        this title and which contains--

                                (A) a provision approving such trade 
                            agreement or agreements or such extension,

                                (B) a provision approving the statement 
                            of administrative action (if any) proposed 
                            to implement such trade agreement or 
                            agreements, and

                                (C) if changes in existing laws or new 
                            statutory authority is required to implement 
                            such trade agreement or agreements or such 
                            extension, provisions, necessary or 
                            appropriate to implement such trade 
                            agreement or agreements or such extension, 
                            either repealing or amending existing laws 
                            or providing new statutory authority.

                            (2) The term ``implementing revenue bill or 
                        resolution'' means an implementing bill, or 
                        approval resolution, which contains one or more 
                        revenue measures by reason of which it must 
                        originate in the House of Representatives.
                            (3) The term ``approval resolution'' means 
                        only a joint resolution of the two Houses of the 
                        Congress, the matter after the resolving clause 
                        of which is as follows: ``That the Congress 
                        approves the extension of nondiscriminatory 
                        treatment with respect to the products of ------
                        ---- transmitted by the President to the 
                        Congress on ------.'', the first blank space 
                        being filled with the name of the country 
                        involved and the second blank space being filled 
                        with the appropriate date.

            (c) Introduction and referral.
                (1) On the day on which a trade agreement is submitted 
            to the House of Representatives and the Senate under section 
            2112, or section 3572 of this title, the implementing bill 
            submitted by the President with respect to such trade 
            agreement or extension shall be introduced (by request) in 
            the House by the majority leader of the House, for himself 
            and the minority leader of the House, or by Members of the 
            House designated by the majority leader and minority leader 
            of the House; and shall be introduced (by request) in the 
            Senate by the majority leader of the Senate, for himself and 
            the minority leader of the Senate, or by Members of the 
            Senate designated by the majority leader and minority leader 
            of the Senate. If either House is not in session on the day 
            on which such a trade agreement or extension is submitted, 
            the implementing bill shall be introduced in that House, as 
            provided in the preceding sentence, on the first day 
            thereafter on which that House is in session. Such bills 
            shall be referred by the Presiding Officers of the 
            respective Houses to the appropriate committee, or, in the 
            case of a bill containing provisions within the jurisdiction 
            of two or more committees, jointly to such committees for 
            consideration of those provisions within their respective 
            jurisdictions.
                (2) On the day on which a bilateral commercial 
            agreement, entered into under subchapter IV of this chapter 
            after January 3, 1975, is transmitted to the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate, an approval resolution with 
            respect to such agreement shall be introduced (by request) 
            in the House by the majority leader of the House, for 
            himself and the minority leader of the House, or by Members 
            of the House designated by the majority leader and minority 
            leader of the House; and shall be introduced (by request) in 
            the Senate by the majority leader of the Senate, for himself 
            and the minority leader of the Senate, or by Members of the 
            Senate designated by the majority leader and minority leader 
            of the Senate. If either House is not in session on the day 
            on which such an agreement is transmitted, the approval 
            resolution with respect to such agreement shall be 
            introduced in that House, as provided in the preceding 
            sentence, on the first day thereafter on which that House is 
            in session. The approval resolution introduced in the House 
            shall be referred to the Committee on Ways and Means and the 
            approval resolution introduced in the Senate shall be 
            referred to the Committee on Finance.

            (d) Amendments prohibited.
                No amendment to an implementing bill or approval 
            resolution shall be in order in either the House of 
            Representatives or the Senate; and no motion to suspend the 
            application of this subsection shall be in order in either 
            House, nor shall it be in order in either House for the 
            Presiding Officer to entertain a request to suspend the 
            application of this subsection by unanimous consent.

            (e) Period for committee and floor consideration.
                (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), if the 
            committee or committees of either House to which an 
            implementing bill or approval resolution has been referred 
            have not reported it at the close of the 45th day after its 
            introduction, such committee or committees shall be 
            automatically discharged from further consideration of the 
            bill or resolution and it shall be placed on the appropriate 
            calendar. A vote on final passage of the bill or resolution 
            shall be taken in each House on or before the close of the 
            15th day after the bill or resolution is reported by the 
            committee or committees of that House to which it was 
            referred, or after such committee or committees have been 
            discharged from further consideration of the bill or 
            resolution. If prior to the passage by one House of an 
            implementing bill or approval resolution of that House, that 
            House receives the same implementing bill or approval 
            resolution from the other House, then--
                            (A) the procedure in that House shall be the 
                        same as if no implementing bill or approval 
                        resolution had been received from the other 
                        House; but
                            (B) the vote on final passage shall be on 
                        the implementing bill or approval resolution of 
                        the other House.
                (2) The provisions of paragraph (1) shall not apply in 
            the Senate to an implementing revenue bill or resolution. An 
            implementing revenue bill or resolution received from the 
            House shall be referred to the appropriate committee or 
            committees of the Senate. If such committee or committees 
            have not reported such bill at the close of the 15th day 
            after its receipt by the Senate (or, if later, before the 
            close of the 45th day after the corresponding implementing 
            revenue bill or resolution was introduced in the Senate), 
            such committee or committees shall be automatically 
            discharged from further consideration of such bill or 
            resolution and it shall be placed on the calendar. A vote on 
            final passage of such bill or resolution shall be taken in 
            the Senate on or before the close of the 15th day after such 
            bill or resolution is reported by the committee or 
            committees of the Senate to which it was referred, or after 
            such committee or committees have been discharged from 
            further consideration of such bill or resolution.
                (3) For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), in computing 
            a number of days in either House, there shall be excluded 
            any day on which that House is not in session.

            (f) Floor consideration in the House.
                (1) A motion in the House of Representatives to proceed 
            to the consideration of an implementing bill or approval 
            resolution shall be highly privileged and not debatable. An 
            amendment to the motion shall not be in order, nor shall it 
            be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the 
            motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
                (2) Debate in the House of Representatives on an 
            implementing bill or approval resolution shall be limited to 
            not more than 20 hours, which shall be divided equally 
            between those favoring and those opposing the bill or 
            resolution. A motion further to limit debate shall not be 
            debatable. It shall not be in order to move to recommit an 
            implementing bill or approval resolution or to move to 
            reconsider the vote by which an implementing bill or 
            approval resolution is agreed to or disagreed to.
                (3) Motions to postpone, made in the House of 
            Representatives with respect to the consideration of an 
            implementing bill or approval resolution, and motions to 
            proceed to the consideration of other business, shall be 
            decided without debate.
                (4) All appeals from the decisions of the chair relating 
            to the application of the Rules of the House of 
            Representatives to the procedure relating to an implementing 
            bill or approval resolution shall be decided without debate.
                (5) Except to the extent specifically provided in the 
            preceding provisions of this subsection, consideration of an 
            implementing bill or approval resolution shall be governed 
            by the Rules of the House of Representatives applicable to 
            other bills and resolutions in similar circumstances.

            (g) Floor consideration in the Senate.
                (1) A motion in the Senate to proceed to the 
            consideration of an implementing bill or approval resolution 
            shall be privileged and not debatable. An amendment to the 
            motion shall not be in order, nor shall it be in order to 
            move to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to 
            or disagreed to.
                (2) Debate in the Senate on an implementing bill or 
            approval resolution, and all debatable motions and appeals 
            in connection therewith, shall be limited to not more than 
            20 hours. The time shall be equally divided between, and 
            controlled by, the majority leader and the minority leader 
            or their designees.
                (3) Debate in the Senate on any debatable motion or 
            appeal in connection with an implementing bill or approval 
            resolution shall be limited to not more than 1 hour, to be 
            equally divided between, and controlled by, the mover and 
            the manager of the bill or resolution, except that in the 
            event the manager of the bill or resolution is in favor of 
            any such motion or appeal, the time in opposition thereto, 
            shall be controlled by the minority leader or his designee. 
            Such leaders, or either of them, may, from time under their 
            control on the passage of an implementing bill or approval 
            resolution, allot additional time to any Senator during the 
            consideration of any debatable motion or appeal.
                (4) A motion in the Senate to further limit debate is 
            not debatable. A motion to recommit an implementing bill or 
            approval resolution is not in order. (Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 
            93-618, Sec.  151, 88 Stat. 2001; Aug. 23, 1988, Pub. L. 
            100-418, Sec. 1007(b)(1), 102 Stat. 1135; Aug. 20, 1990, 
            Pub. L. 101-382, Sec. 132(b)(2), 104 Stat. 645; Dec. 8, 
            1994, Pub. L. 103-465, Title II, Sec. 282(c)(4), 108 Stat. 
            4929.)
      465.5  Sec. 2192. Resolutions disapproving certain actions.
            (a) Contents of resolutions.
                (1) For purposes of this section, the term 
            ``resolution'' means only--
                            (A) a joint resolution of the two Houses of 
                        the Congress, the matter after the resolving 
                        clause of which is as follows: ``That the 
                        Congress does not approve the action taken by, 
                        or the determination of, the President under 
                        section 203 of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 
                        2253] transmitted to the Congress on ----------
                        '', the blank space being filled with the 
                        appropriate date; and
                            (B) a joint resolution of the two Houses of 
                        Congress, the matter after the resolving clause 
                        of which is as follows: ``That the Congress does 
                        not approve ---------- transmitted to the 
                        Congress on ----------'', with the first blank 
                        space being filled in accordance with paragraph 
                        (2), and the second blank space being filled 
                        with the appropriate date.
                (2) The first blank space referred to in paragraph 
            (1)(B) shall be filled, in the case of a resolution referred 
            to in section 2437(c)(2) of this title, with the phrase 
            ``the report of the President submitted under section ------ 
            of the Trade Act of 1974 with respect to ----------'' (with 
            the first blank space being filled with ``402(b)'' or 
            ``409(b)'' [19 U.S.C. 2432(b) or 2439(b)] as appropriate, 
            and the second blank space being filled with the name of the 
            country involved).
            (b) Reference to committees.
                All resolutions introduced in the House of 
            Representatives shall be referred to the Committee on Ways 
            and Means and all resolutions introduced in the Senate shall 
            be referred to the Committee on Finance.

            (c) Discharge of committees.
                (1) If the committee of either House to which a 
            resolution has been referred has not reported it at the end 
            of 30 days after its introduction, not counting any day 
            which is excluded under section 2194(b) of this title, it is 
            in order to move either to discharge the committee from 
            further consideration of the resolution or to discharge the 
            committee from further consideration of any other resolution 
            introduced with respect to the same matter, except that a 
            motion to discharge--
                            (A) may only be made on the second 
                        legislative day after the calendar day on which 
                        the Member making the motion announces to the 
                        House his intention to do so; and
                            (B) is not in order after the Committee has 
                        reported a resolution with respect to the same 
                        matter.
                (2) A motion to discharge under paragraph (1) may be 
            made only by an individual favoring the resolution, and is 
            highly privileged in the House and privileged in the Senate; 
            and debate thereon shall be limited to not more than 1 hour, 
            the time to be divided in the House equally between those 
            favoring and those opposing the resolution, and to be 
            divided in the Senate equally between, and controlled by, 
            the majority leader and the minority leader or their 
            designees. An amendment to the motion is not in order, and 
            it is not in order to move to reconsider the vote by which 
            the motion is agreed to or disagreed to.

            (d) Floor consideration in the House.
                (1) A motion in the House of Representatives to proceed 
            to the consideration of a resolution shall be highly 
            privileged and not debatable. An amendment to the motion 
            shall not be in order, nor shall it be in order to move to 
            reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or 
            disagreed to.
                (2) Debate in the House of Representatives on a 
            resolution shall be limited to not more than 20 hours, which 
            shall be divided equally between those favoring and those 
            opposing the resolution. A motion further to limit debate 
            shall not be debatable. No amendment to, or motion to 
            recommit, the resolution shall be in order. It shall not be 
            in order to move to reconsider the vote by which a 
            resolution is agreed to or disagreed to.
                (3) Motions to postpone, made in the House of 
            Representatives with respect to the consideration of a 
            resolution, and motions to proceed to the consideration of 
            other business shall be decided without debate.
                (4) All appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating 
            to the application of the Rules of the House of 
            Representatives to the procedure relating to a resolution 
            shall be decided without debate.
                (5) Except to the extent specifically provided in the 
            preceding provisions of this subsection, consideration of a 
            resolution in the House of Representatives shall be governed 
            by the Rules of the House of Representatives applicable to 
            other resolutions in similar circumstances.

            (e) Floor consideration in the Senate.
                (1) A motion in the Senate to proceed to the 
            consideration of a resolution shall be privileged. An 
            amendment to the motion shall not be in order, nor shall it 
            be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the 
            motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
                (2) Debate in the Senate on a resolution, and all 
            debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall 
            be limited to not more than 20 hours, to be equally divided 
            between, and controlled by, the majority leader and the 
            minority leader or their designees.
                (3) Debate in the Senate on any debatable motion or 
            appeal in connection with a resolution shall be limited to 
            not more than 1 hour, to be equally divided, between, and 
            controlled by, the mover and the manager of the resolution, 
            except that it the event the manager of the resolution is in 
            favor of any such motion or appeal, the time in opposition 
            thereto, shall be controlled by the minority leader or his 
            designee. Such leaders, or either of them, may, from time 
            under their control on the passage of a resolution, allot 
            additional time to any Senator during the consideration of 
            any debatable motion or appeal.
                (4) A motion in the Senate to further limit debate on a 
            resolution, debatable motion, or appeal is not debatable. No 
            amendment to, or motion to recommit, a resolution is in 
            order in the Senate.
            (f) Procedures in the Senate.
                (1) Except as otherwise provided in the section, the 
            following procedures shall apply in the Senate to a 
            resolution to which this section applies:
                            (A)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), a 
                        resolution that has passed the House of 
                        Representatives shall, when received in the 
                        Senate, be referred to the Committee on Finance 
                        for consideration in accordance with this 
                        section.
                            (ii) If a resolution to which this section 
                        applies was introduced in the Senate before 
                        receipt of a resolution that has passed the 
                        House of Representatives, the resolution from 
                        the House of Representatives shall, when 
                        received in the Senate be placed on the 
                        calendar. If this clause applies, the procedures 
                        in the Senate with respect to a resolution 
                        introduced in the Senate that contains the 
                        identical matter as the resolution that passed 
                        the House of Representatives shall be the same 
                        as if no resolution had been received from the 
                        House of Representatives, except that the vote 
                        on passage in the Senate shall be on the 
                        resolution that passed the House of 
                        Representatives.
                            (B) If the Senate passes a resolution before 
                        receiving from the House of Representatives a 
                        joint resolution that contains the identical 
                        matter, the joint resolution shall be held at 
                        the desk pending receipt of the joint resolution 
                        from the House of Representatives. Upon receipt 
                        of the joint resolution from the House of 
                        Representatives, such joint resolution shall be 
                        deemed to be read twice, considered, read the 
                        third time, and passed.
                (2) If the texts of joint resolutions described in 
            section 2192 or 2193(a) of this title, whichever is 
            applicable, concerning any matter are not identical--
                            (A) the Senate shall vote passage on the 
                        resolution introduced in the Senate, and
                            (B) the text of the joint resolution passed 
                        by the Senate shall, immediately upon its 
                        passage (or, if later, upon receipt of the joint 
                        resolution passed by the House), be substituted 
                        for the text of the joint resolution passed by 
                        the House of Representatives, and such 
                        resolution, as amended, shall be returned with a 
                        request for a conference between the two Houses.
                (3) Consideration in the Senate of any veto message with 
            respect to a joint resolution described in subsection 
            (a)(2)(B) of this section or section 2193(a) of this title, 
            including consideration of all debatable motions and appeals 
            in connection therewith, shall be limited to 10 hours, to be 
            equally divided between, and controlled by, the majority 
            leader and the minority leader or their designees. (Jan. 3, 
            1975, Pub. L. 93-618, Sec. 152, 88 Stat. 2004; July 26, 
            1979, Pub. L. 96-39, Sec. 902(a)(1), 1106(c)(5), 93 Stat 
            299, 312; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98-573, Sec. 248(b), 98 
            Stat. 2998; Aug. 20, 1990, Pub. L. 101-382, Sec. 132(c)(2)-
            (5), 104 Stat. 646, 647; Dec. 8, 1994, Pub. L. 103-465, 
            Sec. 261(d)(1)(A)(ii), 108 Stat. 4909; Pub. L. 104-295, 
            Sec. 20(b)(10), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3527.)
      465.6  Sec. 2193. Resolutions relating to extension of waiver 
                authority under section 402 of the Trade Act of 1974.
            (a) Contents of resolutions.
                For purposes of this section the term ``resolution'' 
            means only a joint resolution of the two Houses of Congress, 
            the matter after the resolving clause of which is as 
            follows: ``That the Congress does not approve the extension 
            of the authority contained in section 402(c) of the Trade 
            Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2432(c)] recommended by the President 
            to the Congress on ---------- with respect to ----------,'' 
            with the first blank space being filled with the appropriate 
            date, and the second blank space being filled with the names 
            of those countries, if any, with respect to which such 
            extension of authority is not approved and with the clause 
            beginning with ``with respect to'' being omitted if the 
            extension of the authority is not approved with respect to 
            any country.
            (b) Application of rules of section 2192 of this title; 
                exceptions.
                (1) Except as provided in this section, the provisions 
            of section 2192 of this title shall apply to resolutions 
            described in subsection (a) of this section.
                (2) In applying section 2192(c)(1) of this title, all 
            calendar days shall be counted.
                (3) That part of section 2192(d)(2) of this title which 
            provides that no amendment is in order shall not apply to 
            any amendment to a resolution which is limited to striking 
            out or inserting the names of one or more countries or to 
            striking out or inserting a with-respect-to clause. Debate 
            in the House of Representatives on any amendment to a 
            resolution shall be limited to not more than 1 hour which 
            shall be equally divided between those favoring and those 
            opposing the amendment. A motion in the House to further 
            limit debate on an amendment to a resolution is not 
            debatable.
                (4) That part of section 2192(e)(4) of this title which 
            provides that no amendment is in order shall not apply to 
            any amendment to a resolution which is limited to striking 
            out or inserting the names of one or more countries or to 
            striking out or inserting a with-respect-to clause. The time 
            limit on a debate on a resolution in the Senate under 
            section 2192(e)(2) of this title shall include all 
            amendments to a resolution. Debate in the Senate on any 
            amendment to a resolution shall be limited to not more than 
            1 hour, to be equally divided between, and controlled by, 
            the mover and the manager of the resolution, except that in 
            the event the manager of the resolution is in favor of any 
            such amendment, the time in opposition thereto shall be 
            controlled by the minority leader or his designee. The 
            majority leader and minority leader may, from time under 
            their control on the passage of a resolution, allot 
            additional time to any Senator during the consideration of 
            any amendment. A motion in the Senate to further limit 
            debate on an amendment to a resolution is not debatable.

            (c) Consideration of second resolution not in order.
                It shall not be in order in either the House of 
            Representatives or the Senate to consider a resolution with 
            respect to a recommendation of the President under section 
            2432(d) of this title (other than a resolution described in 
            subsection (a) of this section received from the other 
            House), if that House has adopted a resolution with respect 
            to the same recommendation.
            (d) Procedures relating to conference reports in the Senate.
                (1) Consideration in the Senate of the conference report 
            on any joint resolution described in subsection (a) of this 
            section, including consideration of all amendments in 
            disagreement (and all amendments thereto), and consideration 
            of all debatable motions and appeals in connection 
            therewith, shall be limited to 10 hours, to be equally 
            divided between, and controlled by, the majority leader and 
            the minority leader or their designees. Debate on any 
            debatable motion or appeal related to the conference report 
            shall be limited to 1 hour, to be equally divided between, 
            and controlled by, the mover and the manager of the 
            conference report.
                (2) In any case in which there are amendments in 
            disagreement, time on each amendment shall be limited to 30 
            minutes, to be equally divided between, and controlled by, 
            the manager of the conference report and the minority leader 
            or his designee. No amendment to any amendment in 
            disagreement shall be received unless it is a germane 
            amendment. (Pub. L. 93-618, Title I, Sec. 153, Jan. 3, 1975, 
            88 Stat. 2006; Aug. 20, 1990, Pub. L. 101-382, 
            Sec. 132(a)(3)-(6), 104 Stat. 644, 645.)
      465.7  Sec. 2194. Special rules relating to Congressional 
                procedures.
                (a) Whenever, pursuant to section 2112(c), 2253(b), 
            2432(d), or 2437 (a) or (b), a document is required to be 
            transmitted to the Congress, copies of such document shall 
            be delivered to both Houses of Congress on the same day and 
            shall be delivered to the Clerk of the House of 
            Representatives if the House is not in session and to the 
            Secretary of the Senate if the Senate is not in session.
                (b) For purposes of sections 2253(c) and 2437(c)(2) of 
            this title, the 90-day period referred to in such sections 
            shall be computed by excluding--
                            (1) the days on which either House is not in 
                        session because of an adjournment of more than 3 
                        days to a day certain or an adjournment of the 
                        Congress sine die, and
                            (2) any Saturday and Sunday, not excluded 
                        under paragraph (1), when either House is not in 
                        session. (Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93-618, 
                        Sec. 154, 88 Stat. 2008; July 26, 1979, Pub. L. 
                        96-39, Sec. 902(a)(2), 93 Stat. 300; Aug. 20, 
                        1990, Pub. L. 101-382, Sec. 132(c)(6), 104 Stat. 
                        647; Pub. L. 103-465, Title II, 
                        Sec. 261(d)(1)(A)(iii), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 
                        4909; June 25, 1999, Pub. L. 106-36, 
                        Sec. 1001(a)(5), 113 Stat. 130.)

            
                     Part 6.--CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON AND REPORTS

      465.8  Sec. 2211. Congressional advisers for trade policy and 
                negotiations.
                (a) Selection.
                            (1) At the beginning of each regular session 
                        of Congress, the Speaker of the House of 
                        Representatives, upon the recommendation of the 
                        chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, 
                        shall select 5 members (not more than 3 of whom 
                        are members of the same political party) of such 
                        committee, and the President pro tempore of the 
                        Senate, upon the recommendation of the chairman 
                        of the Committee on Finance, shall select 5 
                        members (not more than 3 of whom are members of 
                        the same political party) of such committee, who 
                        shall be designated congressional advisers on 
                        trade policy and negotiations. They shall 
                        provide advice on the development of trade 
                        policy and priorities for the implementation 
                        thereof. They shall also be accredited by the 
                        United States Trade Representative on behalf of 
                        the President as official advisers to the United 
                        States delegations to international conferences, 
                        meetings, and negotiating sessions relating to 
                        trade agreements.
                            (2)(A) In addition to the advisers 
                        designated under paragraph (1) from the 
                        Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on 
                        Finance--

                                (i) the Speaker of the House may select 
                            additional members of the House, for 
                            designation as congressional advisers 
                            regarding specific trade policy matters or 
                            negotiations, from any other committee of 
                            the House or joint committee of Congress 
                            that has jurisdiction over legislation 
                            likely to be affected by such matters or 
                            negotiations; and

                                (ii) the President pro tempore of the 
                            Senate may select additional members of the 
                            Senate, for designation as congressional 
                            advisers regarding specific trade policy 
                            matters or negotiations, from any other 
                            committee of the Senate or joint committee 
                            of Congress that has jurisdiction over 
                            legislation likely to be affected by such 
                            matters or negotiations.

                    Members of the House and Senate selected as 
                    congressional advisers under this subparagraph shall 
                    be accredited by the United States Trade 
                    Representative.
                            (B) Before designating any member under 
                        subparagraph (A), the Speaker or the President 
                        pro tempore shall consult with--

                                (i) the chairman and ranking member of 
                            the Committee on Ways and Means or the 
                            Committee on Finance, as appropriate; and

                                (ii) the chairman and ranking minority 
                            member of the committee from which the 
                            member will be selected.

                            (C) Not more than 3 members (not more than 2 
                        of whom are members of the same political party) 
                        may be selected under this paragraph as advisers 
                        from any committee of Congress.
                (b) Briefing.
                            (1) The United States Trade Representative 
                        shall keep each official adviser designated 
                        under subsection (a)(1) currently informed on 
                        matters affecting the trade policy of the United 
                        States and, with respect to possible agreements, 
                        negotiating objectives, the status of 
                        negotiations in progress, and the nature of any 
                        changes in domestic law or the administration 
                        thereof which may be recommended to Congress to 
                        carry out any trade agreement or any requirement 
                        of, amendment to, or recommendation under, such 
                        agreement.
                            (2) The United States Trade Representative 
                        shall keep each official adviser designated 
                        under subsection (a)(2) of this section 
                        currently informed regarding the trade policy 
                        matters and negotiations with respect to which 
                        the adviser is designated.
                            (3)(A) The chairmen of the Committee on Ways 
                        and Means and the Committee on Finance may 
                        designate members (in addition to the official 
                        advisers under subsection (a)(1) of this 
                        section) and staff members of their respective 
                        committees who shall have access to the 
                        information provided to official advisers under 
                        paragraph (1).
                            (B) The chairman of any committee of the 
                        House or Senate or any joint committee of 
                        Congress from which official advisers are 
                        selected under subsection (a)(2) may designate 
                        other members of such committee, and staff 
                        members of such committee, who shall have access 
                        to the information provided to official advisers 
                        under paragraph (2).
                (c) Committee consultation.
                            The United States Trade Representative shall 
                        consult on a continuing basis with the Committee 
                        on Ways and Means of the House of 
                        Representatives, the Committee on Finance of the 
                        Senate, and the other appropriate committees of 
                        the House and Senate on the development, 
                        implementation, and administration of overall 
                        trade policy of the United States. Such 
                        consultations shall include, but are not limited 
                        to, the following elements of such policy:
                            (1) The principal multilateral and bilateral 
                        negotiating objectives and the progress being 
                        made toward their achievement.
                            (2) The implementation, administration, and 
                        effectiveness of recently concluded multilateral 
                        and bilateral trade agreements and resolution of 
                        trade disputes.
                            (3) The actions taken, and proposed to be 
                        taken, under the trade laws of the United States 
                        and the effectiveness, or anticipated 
                        effectiveness, of such actions in achieving 
                        trade policy objectives.
                            (4) The important developments and issues in 
                        other areas of trade for which there must be 
                        developed proper policy response.

            When necessary, meetings shall be held with each Committee 
            in executive session to review matters under negotiation. 
            (Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93-618, Sec. 161, 88 Stat. 2008; July 
            26, 1979, Pub. L. 96-39, Sec. 3(e), 93 Stat. 150; Jan. 2, 
            1980, 1979 Reorg. Plan No. 3, Sec. (b)(1), 93 Stat. 1381; 
            Aug. 23, 1988, Pub. L. 100-418, Sec. 1632, 102 Stat. 1269.)

      465.9  Sec. 2212. Transmission of agreements to Congress.
                (a) As soon as practicable after a trade agreement 
            entered into under section 2133 or 2134 of this title or 
            under section 1102 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness 
            Act of 1988 (19 U.S.C. 2902) has entered into force with 
            respect to the United States, the President shall, if he has 
            not previously done so, transmit a copy of such trade 
            agreement to each House of the Congress together with a 
            statement, in the light of the advice of the International 
            Trade Commission under section 2151(b) of this title, if 
            any, and of other relevant considerations, of his reasons 
            for entering into the agreement.
                (b) The President shall transmit to each Member of the 
            Congress a summary of the information required to be 
            transmitted to each House under subsection (a) of this 
            section. For purposes of this subsection, the term 
            ``Member'' includes any Delegate or Resident Commissioner. 
            (Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93-618, Sec. 162, 88 Stat. 2008; Nov. 
            10, 1988, Pub. L. 100-647, Sec. 9001(a)(10), 102 Stat. 
            3807.)
     465.10  Sec. 2213. Reports.
                (a) Annual report on trade agreements program and 
            national trade policy agenda.
                            (1) The President shall submit to the 
                        Congress during each calendar year (but not 
                        later than March 1 of that year) a report on--

                                (A) the operation of the trade 
                            agreements program, and the provision of 
                            import relief and adjustment assistance to 
                            workers and firms, under this Act during the 
                            preceding calendar year; and

                                (B) the national trade policy agenda for 
                            the year in which the report is submitted.

                            (2) The report shall include, with respect 
                        to the matters referred to in paragraph (1)(A), 
                        information regarding--

                                (A) new trade negotiations;

                                (B) changes made in duties and nontariff 
                            barriers and other distortions of trade of 
                            the United States;

                                (C) reciprocal concessions obtained;

                                (D) changes in trade agreements 
                            (including the incorporation therein of 
                            actions taken for import relief and 
                            compensation provided therefor);

                                (E) the extension or withdrawal of 
                            nondiscriminatory treatment by the United 
                            States with respect to the products of 
                            foreign countries;

                                (F) the extension, modification, 
                            withdrawal, suspension, or limitation of 
                            preferential treatment to exports of 
                            developing countries;

                                (G) the results of actions to obtain the 
                            removal of foreign trade restrictions 
                            (including discriminatory restrictions) 
                            against United States exports and the 
                            removal of foreign practices which 
                            discriminate against United States service 
                            industries (including transportation and 
                            tourism) and investment;

                                (H) the measures being taken to seek the 
                            removal of other significant foreign import 
                            restrictions;

                                (I) each of the referrals made under 
                            section 2171(d)(1)(B) of this title and any 
                            action taken with respect to such referral;

                                (J) other information relating to the 
                            trade agreements program and to the 
                            agreements entered into thereunder; and

                                (K) the number of applications filed for 
                            adjustment assistance for workers and firms, 
                            the number of such applications which were 
                            approved, and the extent to which adjustment 
                            assistance has been provided under such 
                            approved applications.

                            (3)(A) The national trade policy agenda 
                        required under paragraph (1)(B) for the year in 
                        which a report is submitted shall be in the form 
                        of a statement of--

                                (i) the trade policy objectives and 
                            priorities of the United States for the 
                            year, and the reasons therefor;

                                (ii) the actions proposed, or 
                            anticipated, to be undertaken during the 
                            year to achieve such objectives and 
                            priorities, including, but not limited to, 
                            actions authorized under the trade laws and 
                            negotiations with foreign countries;

                                (iii) any proposed legislation necessary 
                            or appropriate to achieve any of such 
                            objectives or priorities; and

                                (iv) the progress that was made during 
                            the preceding year in achieving the trade 
                            policy objectives and priorities included in 
                            the statement provided for that year under 
                            this paragraph.

                            (B) The President may separately submit any 
                        information referred to in subparagraph (A) to 
                        the Congress in confidence if the President 
                        considers confidentiality appropriate.
                            (C) Before submitting the national trade 
                        policy agenda for any year, the President shall 
                        seek advice from the appropriate advisory 
                        committees established under section 2155 of 
                        this title and shall consult with the 
                        appropriate committees of the Congress.
                            (D) The United States Trade Representative 
                        (hereafter referred to in this section as the 
                        ``Trade Representative'') and other appropriate 
                        officials of the United States Government shall 
                        consult periodically with the appropriate 
                        committees of the Congress regarding the annual 
                        objectives and priorities set forth in each 
                        national trade policy agenda with respect to--

                                (i) the status and results of the 
                            actions that have been undertaken to achieve 
                            the objectives and priorities; and

                                (ii) any development which may require, 
                            or result in, changes to any of such 
                            objectives or priorities.

                (b) Annual trade projection report.
                            (1) In order for the Congress to be informed 
                        of the impact of foreign trade barriers and 
                        macroeconomic factors on the balance of trade of 
                        the United States, the Trade Representative and 
                        the Secretary of the Treasury shall jointly 
                        prepare and submit to the Committee on Finance 
                        of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and 
                        Means of the House of Representatives (hereafter 
                        referred to in this subsection as the 
                        ``Committees'') on or before March 1 of each 
                        year a report which consists of--

                                (A) a review and analysis of--

                                        (i) the merchandise balance of 
                                    trade,

                                        (ii) the goods and services 
                                    balance of trade,

                                        (iii) the balance on the current 
                                    account,

                                        (iv) the external debt position,

                                        (v) the exchange rates,

                                        (vi) the economic growth rates,

                                        (vii) the deficit or surplus in 
                                    the fiscal budget, and

                                        (viii) the impact on United 
                                    States trade of market barriers and 
                                    other unfair practices,

                            of countries that are major trading partners 
                            of the United States, including, as 
                            appropriate, groupings of such countries;

                                (B) projections for each of the economic 
                            factors described in subparagraph (A) 
                            (except those described in clauses (v) and 
                            (viii)) for each of the countries and groups 
                            of countries referred to in subparagraph (A) 
                            for the year in which the report is 
                            submitted and for the succeeding year; and

                                (C) conclusions and recommendations, 
                            based upon the projections referred to in 
                            subparagraph (B), for policy changes, 
                            including trade policy, exchange rate 
                            policy, fiscal policy, and other policies 
                            that should be implemented to improve the 
                            outlook.

                            (2) To the extent that subjects referred to 
                        in paragraph (1) (A), (B), or (C) are covered in 
                        the national trade policy agenda required under 
                        subsection (a)(1)(B) or in other reports 
                        required by this Act or other law, the Trade 
                        Representative and the Secretary of the Treasury 
                        may, as appropriate, draw on the information, 
                        analysis, and conclusions, if any, in those 
                        reports for the purposes of preparing the report 
                        required by this subsection.
                            (3) The Trade Representative and the 
                        Secretary of the Treasury shall consult with the 
                        Chairman of the Board of Governors of the 
                        Federal Reserve System in the preparation of 
                        each report required under this subsection.
                            (4) The Trade Representative and the 
                        Secretary of the Treasury may separately submit 
                        any information, analysis, or conclusion 
                        referred to in paragraph (1) to the Committees 
                        in confidence if the Trade Representative and 
                        the Secretary consider confidentiality 
                        appropriate.
                            (5) After submission of each report required 
                        under paragraph (1), the Trade Representative 
                        and the Secretary of the Treasury shall consult 
                        with each of the Committees with respect to the 
                        report.
                (c) ITC reports.
                            The United States International Trade 
                        Commission shall submit to the Congress, at 
                        least once a year, a factual report on the 
                        operation of the trade agreements program. (Jan. 
                        3, 1975, Pub. L. 93-618, Sec. 163, 88 Stat. 
                        2009; Aug. 23, 1988, Pub. L. 100-418, Sec. 1641, 
                        102 Stat. 1271.)

                                    * * * * * * *

            
               Part 8.--IDENTIFICATION OF MARKET BARRIERS AND CERTAIN 
                                UNFAIR TRADE ACTIONS

     465.11  Sec. 2241. Estimates of barriers to market access.
            (a) National trade estimates.
                    (1) In general.
                            For calendar year 1988, and for each 
                        succeeding calendar year, the United States 
                        Trade Representative, through the interagency 
                        trade organization established pursuant to 
                        section 1872(a) of this title and with the 
                        assistance of the interagency advisory committee 
                        established under section 2171(d)(2) of this 
                        title, shall--

                                (A) identify and analyze acts, policies, 
                            or practices of each foreign country which 
                            constitute significant barriers to, or 
                            distortions of--

                                        (i) United States exports of 
                                    goods or services (including 
                                    agricultural commodities; and 
                                    property protected by trademarks, 
                                    patents, and copyrights exported or 
                                    licensed by United States persons),

                                        (ii) foreign direct investment 
                                    by United States persons, especially 
                                    if such investment has implications 
                                    for trade in goods or services; and

                                        (iii) United States electronic 
                                    commerce,

                                (B) make an estimate of the trade-
                            distorting impact on United States commerce 
                            of any act, policy, or practice identified 
                            under subparagraph (A); and

                                (C) make an estimate, if feasible, of--

                                        (i) the value of additional 
                                    goods and services of the United 
                                    States,

                                        (ii) the value of additional 
                                    foreign direct investment by United 
                                    States persons, and

                                        (iii) the value of additional 
                                    United States electronic commerce,

                            that would have been exported to, or 
                            invested in, or transacted with, each 
                            foreign country during such calendar year if 
                            each of such acts, policies, and practices 
                            of such country did not exist.
                    (2) Certain factors taken into account in making 
                            analysis and estimate.
                            In making any analysis or estimate under 
                        paragraph (1), the Trade Representative shall 
                        take into account--

                                (A) the relative impact of the act, 
                            policy, or practice on United States 
                            commerce;

                                (B) the availability of information to 
                            document prices, market shares, and other 
                            matters necessary to demonstrate the effects 
                            of the act, policy, or practice;

                                (C) the extent to which such act, 
                            policy, or practice is subject to 
                            international agreements to which the United 
                            States is a party;

                                (D) any advice given through appropriate 
                            committees established pursuant to section 
                            2155 of this title; and

                                (E) the actual increase in--

                                        (i) the value of goods and 
                                    services of the United States 
                                    exported to,

                                        (ii) the value of foreign direct 
                                    investment made in, and

                                        (iii) the value of electronic 
                                    commerce transacted with,

                            the foreign country during the calendar year 
                            for which the estimate under paragraph 
                            (1)(C) is made.
                    (3) Annual revisions and updates.
                            The Trade Representative shall annually 
                        revise and update the analysis and estimate 
                        under paragraph (1).
            (b) Reports.
                    (1) In general.
                            On or before April 30, 1989, and on or 
                        before March 31 of each succeeding calendar 
                        year, the Trade Representative shall submit a 
                        report on the analysis and estimates made under 
                        subsection (a) of this section for the calendar 
                        year preceding such calendar year (which shall 
                        be known as the ``National Trade Estimate'') to 
                        the President, the Committee on Finance of the 
                        Senate, and appropriate committees of the House 
                        of Representatives.
                    (2) Reports to include information with respect to 
                            action being taken.
                            The Trade Representative shall include in 
                        each report submitted under paragraph (1) 
                        information with respect to any action taken (or 
                        the reasons for no action taken) to eliminate 
                        any act, policy, or practice identified under 
                        subsection (a), including, but not limited to--
                            (A) any action under section 2411 of this 
                        title,
                            (B) negotiations or consultations with 
                        foreign governments, or
                            (C) a section on foreign anticompetitive 
                        practices, the toleration of which by foreign 
                        governments is adversely affecting exports of 
                        United States goods or services.
                    (3) Consultation with Congress on trade policy 
                            priorities.
                            The Trade Representative shall keep the 
                        committees described in paragraph (1) currently 
                        informed with respect to trade policy priorities 
                        for the purposes of expanding market 
                        opportunities. After the submission of the 
                        report required by paragraph (1), the Trade 
                        Representative shall also consult periodically 
                        with, and take into account the views of, the 
                        committees described in that paragraph regarding 
                        means to address the foreign trade barriers 
                        identified in the report, including the possible 
                        initiation of investigations under section 2412 
                        of this title or other trade actions.
            (c) Assistance of other agencies.
                    (1) Furnishing of information.
                            The head of each department or agency of the 
                        executive branch of the Government, including 
                        any independent agency, is authorized and 
                        directed to furnish to the Trade Representative 
                        or to the appropriate agency, upon request, such 
                        data, reports, and other information as is 
                        necessary for the Trade Representative to carry 
                        out his functions under this section. In 
                        preparing the section of the report required by 
                        subsection (b)(2)(C) of this section, the Trade 
                        Representative shall consult in particular with 
                        the Attorney General.
                    (2) Restrictions on release or use of information.
                            Nothing in this subsection shall authorize 
                        the release of information to, or the use of 
                        information by, the Trade Representative in a 
                        manner inconsistent with law or any procedure 
                        established pursuant thereto.
                    (3) Personnel and services.
                            The head of any department, agency, or 
                        instrumentality of the United States may detail 
                        such personnel and may furnish such services, 
                        with or without reimbursement, as the Trade 
                        Representative may request to assist in carrying 
                        out his functions.
            (d) Electronic commerce.
                For purposes of this section, the term ``electronic 
            commerce'' has the meaning given that term in section 
            1104(3) of the Internet Tax Freedom Act. (Pub. L. 93-618, 
            Title I, Sec. 181, as added Pub. L. 98-573, Title III, 
            Sec. 303(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3001, and amended Pub. 
            L. 100-418, Title I, Sec. 1304, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 
            1181; Pub. L. 103-465, Title III, Sec. Sec. 311(a), 312, 
            Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4938; Pub. L. 105-277, Div. C, Title 
            XII, Sec. 1202, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-726.)

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                Chapter 17.--NEGOTIATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TRADE 
                                     AGREEMENTS

                                    * * * * * * *

     465.12  Sec. 2903. Implementation of trade agreements.
                (a) In general.
                            (1) Any agreement entered into under section 
                        2902 (b) or (c) of this title shall enter into 
                        force with respect to the United States if (and 
                        only if)--

                                (A) the President, at least 90 calendar 
                            days before the day on which he enters into 
                            the trade agreement, notifies the House of 
                            Representatives and the Senate of his 
                            intention to enter into the agreement, and 
                            promptly thereafter publishes notice of such 
                            intention in the Federal Register,

                                (B) after entering into the agreement, 
                            the President submits a document to the 
                            House of Representatives and to the Senate 
                            containing a copy of the final legal text of 
                            the agreement, together with--

                                        (i) a draft of an implementing 
                                    bill,

                                        (ii) a statement of any 
                                    administrative action proposed to 
                                    implement the trade agreement, and

                                        (iii) the supporting information 
                                    described in paragraph (2); and

                                (C) the implementing bill is enacted 
                            into law.

                            (2) The supporting information required 
                        under paragraph (1)(B)(iii) consists of--

                                (A) an explanation as to how the 
                            implementing bill and proposed 
                            administrative action will change or affect 
                            existing law; and

                                (B) a statement--

                                        (i) asserting that the agreement 
                                    makes progress in achieving the 
                                    applicable purposes, policies, and 
                                    objectives of this title,

                                        (ii) setting forth the reasons 
                                    of the President regarding--

                                                (I) how and to what 
                                            extent the agreement makes 
                                            progress in achieving the 
                                            applicable purposes, 
                                            policies, and objectives 
                                            referred to in clause (i), 
                                            and why and to what extent 
                                            the agreement does not 
                                            achieve other applicable 
                                            purposes, policies, and 
                                            objectives,
                                                (II) how the agreement 
                                            serves the interests of 
                                            United States commerce, and
                                                (III) why the 
                                            implementing bill and 
                                            proposed administrative 
                                            action is required or 
                                            appropriate to carry out the 
                                            agreement;

                                        (iii) describing the efforts 
                                    made by the President to obtain 
                                    international exchange rate 
                                    equilibrium and any effect the 
                                    agreement may have regarding 
                                    increased international monetary 
                                    stability; and

                                        (iv) describing the extent, if 
                                    any, to which--

                                                (I) each foreign country 
                                            that is a party to the 
                                            agreement maintains non-
                                            commercial state trading 
                                            enterprises that may 
                                            adversely affect, nullify, 
                                            or impair the benefits to 
                                            the United States under the 
                                            agreement, and
                                                (II) the agreement 
                                            applies to or affects 
                                            purchases and sales by such 
                                            enterprises.

                            (3) To ensure that a foreign country which 
                        receives benefits under a trade agreement 
                        entered into under section 2902(b) or (c) of 
                        this title is subject to the obligations imposed 
                        by such agreement, the President shall recommend 
                        to Congress in the implementing bill and 
                        statement of administrative action submitted 
                        with respect to such agreement that the benefits 
                        and obligations of such agreement apply solely 
                        to the parties to such agreement, if such 
                        application is consistent with the terms of such 
                        agreement. The President may also recommend with 
                        respect to any such agreement that the benefits 
                        and obligations of such agreement not apply 
                        uniformly to all parties to such agreement, if 
                        such application is consistent with the terms of 
                        such agreement.
                (b) Application of Congressional ``fast track'' 
            procedures to implementing bills.
                            (1) Except as provided in subsection (c)--

                                (A) the provisions of section 2191 of 
                            this title (hereinafter in this section 
                            referred to as ``fast track procedures'') 
                            apply to implementing bills submitted with 
                            respect to trade agreements entered into 
                            under section 2902 (b) or (c) of this title 
                            before June 1, 1991; and

                                (B) such fast track procedures shall be 
                            extended to implementing bills submitted 
                            with respect to trade agreements entered 
                            into under section 2902 (b) or (c) of this 
                            title after May 31, 1991, and before June 1, 
                            1993, if (and only if)--

                                        (i) the President requests such 
                                    extension under paragraph (2); and

                                        (ii) neither House of the 
                                    Congress adopts an extension 
                                    disapproval resolution under 
                                    paragraph (5) before June 1, 1991.

                            (2) If the President is of the opinion that 
                        the fast track procedures should be extended to 
                        implementing bills described in paragraph 
                        (1)(B), the President must submit to the 
                        Congress, no later than March 1, 1991, a written 
                        report that contains a request for such 
                        extension, together with--

                                (A) a description of all trade 
                            agreements that have been negotiated under 
                            section 2902(b) or (c) of this title and the 
                            anticipated schedule for submitting such 
                            agreements to the Congress for approval;

                                (B) a description of the progress that 
                            has been made in multilateral and bilateral 
                            negotiations to achieve the purposes, 
                            policies, and objectives of this title, and 
                            a statement that such progress justifies the 
                            continuation of negotiations; and

                                (C) a statement of the reasons why the 
                            extension is needed to complete the 
                            negotiations.

                            (3) The President shall promptly inform the 
                        Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and 
                        Negotiations established under section 135 of 
                        the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2155) of his 
                        decision to submit a report to Congress under 
                        paragraph (2). The Advisory Committee shall 
                        submit to the Congress as soon as practicable, 
                        but no later than March 1, 1991, a written 
                        report that contains--

                                (A) its views regarding the progress 
                            that has been made in multilateral and 
                            bilateral negotiations to achieve the 
                            purposes, policies, and objectives of this 
                            title; and

                                (B) a statement of its views, and the 
                            reasons therefor, regarding whether the 
                            extension requested under paragraph (2) 
                            should be approved or disapproved.

                            (4) The reports submitted to Congress under 
                        paragraphs (2) and (3), or any portion of the 
                        reports, may be classified to the extent the 
                        President determines appropriate.
                            (5)(A) For purposes of this subsection, the 
                        term ``extension disapproval resolution'' means 
                        a resolution of either House of the Congress, 
                        the sole matter after the resolving clause of 
                        which is as follows: ``That the ------ 
                        disapproves the request of the President for the 
                        extension, under section 1103(b)(1)(B)(i) of the 
                        Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 
                        [19 U.S.C. 2903(b)(1)(B)(i)], of the provisions 
                        of section 151 of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 
                        U.S.C. 2191] to any implementing bill submitted 
                        with respect to any trade agreement entered into 
                        under section 1102(b) or (c) of such Act [19 
                        U.S.C. 2902(b) or (c)] after May 31 1991, 
                        because sufficient tangible progress has not 
                        been made in trade negotiations.'', with the 
                        blank space being filled with the name of the 
                        resolving House of Congress.
                            (B) Extension disapproval resolutions--

                                (i) may be introduced in either House of 
                            the Congress by any member of such House; 
                            and

                                (ii) shall be jointly referred, in the 
                            House of Representatives, to the Committee 
                            on Ways and Means and the Committee on 
                            Rules.

                            (C) The provisions of section 2192 (d) and 
                        (e) of this title (relating to the floor 
                        consideration of certain resolutions in the 
                        House and Senate) apply to extension disapproval 
                        resolutions.
                            (D) It is not in order for--

                                (i) the Senate to consider any extension 
                            disapproval resolution not reported by the 
                            Committee on Finance;

                                (ii) the House of Representatives to 
                            consider any extension disapproval 
                            resolution not reported by the Committee on 
                            Ways and Means and the Committee on Rules; 
                            or

                                (iii) either House of the Congress to 
                            consider an extension disapproval resolution 
                            that is reported to such House after May 15, 
                            1991.

                (c) Limitations on use of ``fast track'' procedures.
                            (1)(A) The fast track procedures shall not 
                        apply to any implementing bill submitted with 
                        respect to a trade agreement entered into under 
                        section 2902(b) or (c) of this title if both 
                        Houses of the Congress separately agree to 
                        procedural disapproval resolutions within any 
                        60-day period.
                            (B) Procedural disapproval resolutions--

                                (i) in the House of Representatives--

                                        (I) shall be introduced by the 
                                    chairman or ranking minority member 
                                    of the Committee on Ways and Means 
                                    or the chairman or ranking minority 
                                    member of the Committee on Rules,

                                        (II) shall be jointly referred 
                                    to the Committee on Ways and Means 
                                    and the Committee on Rules, and

                                        (III) may not be amended by 
                                    either Committee; and

                                (ii) in the Senate shall be original 
                            resolutions of the Committee on Finance.

                            (C) The provisions of section 2192 (d) and 
                        (e) of this title (relating to the floor 
                        consideration of certain resolutions in the 
                        House and Senate) apply to procedural 
                        disapproval resolutions.
                            (D) It is not in order for the House of 
                        Representatives to consider any procedural 
                        disapproval resolution not reported by the 
                        Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on 
                        Rules.
                            (E) For purposes of this subsection, the 
                        term ``procedural disapproval resolution'' means 
                        a resolution of either House of the Congress, 
                        the sole matter after the resolving clause of 
                        which is as follows: ``That the President has 
                        failed or refused to consult with Congress on 
                        trade negotiations and trade agreements in 
                        accordance with the provisions of the Omnibus 
                        Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, and, 
                        therefore, the provisions of section 151 of the 
                        Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2191] shall not 
                        apply to any implementing bill submitted with 
                        respect to any trade agreement entered into 
                        under section 1102 (b) or (c) of such Act of 
                        1988, [19 U.S.C. 2902(b) or (c)] if, during the 
                        60-day period beginning on the date on which 
                        this resolution is agreed to by the ------, the 
                        ------ agrees to a procedural disapproval 
                        resolution (within the meaning of section 
                        1103(c)(1)(E) of such Act of 1988 [19 U.S.C. 
                        2903(c)(1)(E)].'', with the first blank space 
                        being filled with the name of the resolving 
                        House of the Congress and the second blank space 
                        being filled with the name of the other House of 
                        the Congress.
                            (2) The fast track procedures shall not 
                        apply to any implementing bill that contains a 
                        provision approving of any trade agreement which 
                        is entered into under section 2902(c) of this 
                        title with any foreign country if either--

                                (A) the requirements of section 
                            2902(c)(3) of this title are not met with 
                            respect to the negotiation of such 
                            agreement; or

                                (B) the Committee on Finance of the 
                            Senate or the Committee on Ways and Means of 
                            the House of Representatives disapproves of 
                            the negotiation of such agreement before the 
                            close of the 60-day period which begins on 
                            the date notice is provided under section 
                            2902(c)(3)(i) of this title with respect to 
                            the negotation of such agreement.

                (d) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate.
                            Subsections (b) and (c) are enacted by the 
                        Congress--
                            (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power 
                        of the House of Representatives and the Senate, 
                        respectively, and as such is deemed a part of 
                        the rules of each House, respectively, and such 
                        procedures supersede other rules only to the 
                        extent that they are inconsistent with such 
                        other rules; and
                            (2) with the full recognition of the 
                        constitutional right of either House to change 
                        the rules (so far as relating to the procedures 
                        of that House) at any time, in the same manner, 
                        and to the same extent as any other rule of the 
                        House.
                (e) Computation of certain periods of time.
                            Each period of time described in subsection 
                        (c)(1)(A) and (E) and (2) of this section shall 
                        be computed without regard to--
                            (1) the days on which either House of 
                        Congress is not in session because of an 
                        adjournment of more than 3 days to a day certain 
                        or an adjournment of the Congress sine die; and
                            (2) any Saturday and Sunday, not excluded 
                        under paragraph (1), when either House of the 
                        Congress is not in session. (Aug. 23, 1988, Pub. 
                        L. 100-418, Sec. 1103, 102 Stat. 1128.)

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                     Chapter 22.--URUGUAY ROUND TRADE AGREEMENTS

                                    * * * * * * *

     465.13  Sec. 3534. Annual report on the WTO.
                Not later than March 1 of each year beginning in 1996, 
            the Trade Representative shall submit to the Congress a 
            report describing, for the preceding fiscal year of the 
            WTO--
                            (1) the major activities and work programs 
                        of the WTO, including the functions and 
                        activities of the committees established under 
                        article IV of the WTO Agreement, and the 
                        expenditures made by the WTO in connection with 
                        those activities and programs;
                            (2) the percentage of budgetary assessments 
                        by the WTO that were accounted for by each WTO 
                        member county, including the United States;
                            (3) the total number of personnel employed 
                        or retained by the Secretariat of the WTO, and 
                        the number of professional, administrative, and 
                        support staff of the WTO;
                            (4) for each personnel category described in 
                        paragraph (3), the number of citizens of each 
                        country, and the average salary of the 
                        personnel, in that category;
                            (5) each report issued by a panel or the 
                        Appellate Body in a dispute settlement 
                        proceeding regarding Federal or State law, and 
                        any efforts by the Trade Representative to 
                        provide for implementation of the 
                        recommendations contained in a report that is 
                        adverse to the United States;
                            (6) each proceeding before a panel or the 
                        Appellate Body that was initiated during that 
                        fiscal year regarding Federal or State law, the 
                        status of the proceeding, and the matter at 
                        issue;
                            (7) the status of consultations with any 
                        State whose law was the subject of a report 
                        adverse to the United States that was issued by 
                        a panel or the Appellate Body; and
                            (8) any progress achieved in increasing the 
                        transparency of proceedings of the Ministerial 
                        Conference and the General Council, and of 
                        dispute settlement proceedings conducted 
                        pursuant to the Dispute Settlement 
                        Understanding. (Dec. 8, 1994, Pub.L. 103-465, 
                        Title I, Sec. 124, 108 Stat. 4832.)
     465.14  Sec. 3535. Review of participation in the WTO.
            (a) Report on the operation of the WTO.
                The first annual report submitted to the Congress under 
            section 3534 of this title--
                            (1) after the end of the 5-year period 
                        beginning on the date on which the WTO Agreement 
                        enters into force with respect to the United 
                        States, and
                            (2) after the end of every 5-year period 
                        thereafter,

            shall include an analysis of the effects of the WTO 
            Agreement on the interests of the United States, the costs 
            and benefits to the United States of its participation in 
            the WTO, and the value of the continued participation of the 
            United States in the WTO.

            (b) Congressional disapproval of U.S. participation in the 
                WTO.
                    (1) General rule.
                            The approval of the Congress, provided under 
                        section 3511(a) of this title, of the WTO 
                        Agreement shall cease to be effective if, and 
                        only if, a joint resolution described in 
                        subsection (c) of this section is enacted into 
                        law pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2).
                    (2) Procedural provisions.

                                (A) The requirements of this paragraph 
                            are met if the joint resolution is enacted 
                            under subsection (c) of this section, and--

                                        (i) the Congress adopts and 
                                    transmits the joint resolution to 
                                    the President before the end of the 
                                    90-day period (excluding any day 
                                    described in section 2194(b) of this 
                                    title), beginning on the date on 
                                    which the Congress receives a report 
                                    referred to in subsection (a) of 
                                    this section, and

                                        (ii) if the President vetoes the 
                                    joint resolution, each House of 
                                    Congress votes to override that veto 
                                    on or before the later of the last 
                                    day of the 90-day period referred to 
                                    in clause (i) or the last day of the 
                                    15-day period (excluding any day 
                                    described in section 2194(b) of this 
                                    title) beginning on the date on 
                                    which the Congress receives the veto 
                                    message from the President.

                                (B) A joint resolution to which this 
                            section applies may be introduced at any 
                            time on or after the date on which the 
                            President transmits to the Congress a report 
                            described in subsection (a) of this section, 
                            and before the end of the 90-day period 
                            referred to in subparagraph (A).

            (c) Joint resolutions.
                    (1) Joint resolutions.
                            For purposes of this section, the term 
                        ``joint resolution'' means only a joint 
                        resolution of the 2 Houses of Congress, the 
                        matter after the resolving clause of which is as 
                        follows: ``That the Congress withdraws its 
                        approval, provided under section 101(a) of the 
                        Uruguay Round Agreements Act, of the WTO 
                        Agreement as defined in section 2(9) of that 
                        Act.''.
                    (2) Procedures.

                                (A) Joint resolutions may be introduced 
                            in either House of the Congress by any 
                            member of such House.

                                (B) Subject to the provisions of this 
                            subsection, the provisions of subsections 
                            (b), (d), (e), and (f) of section 2192 of 
                            this title apply to joint resolutions to the 
                            same extent as such provisions apply to 
                            resolutions under such section.

                                (C) If the committee of either House to 
                            which a joint resolution has been referred 
                            has not reported it by the close of the 45th 
                            day after its introduction (excluding any 
                            day described in section 2194(b) of this 
                            title), such committee shall be 
                            automatically discharged from further 
                            consideration of the joint resolution and it 
                            shall be placed on the appropriate calendar.

                                (D) It is not in order for--

                                        (i) the Senate to consider any 
                                    joint resolution unless it has been 
                                    reported by the Committee on Finance 
                                    or the committee has been discharged 
                                    under subparagraph (C); or

                                        (ii) the House of 
                                    Representatives to consider any 
                                    joint resolution unless it has been 
                                    reported by the Committee on Ways 
                                    and Means or the committee has been 
                                    discharged under subparagraph (C).

                                (E) A motion in the House of 
                            Representatives to proceed to the 
                            consideration of a joint resolution may only 
                            be made on the second legislative day after 
                            the calendar day on which the Member making 
                            the motion announces to the House his or her 
                            intention to do so.

                    (3) Consideration of second resolution not in order.
                            It shall not be in order in either the House 
                        of Representatives or the Senate to consider a 
                        joint resolution (other than a joint resolution 
                        received from the other House), if that House 
                        has previously adopted a joint resolution under 
                        this section.
            (d) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate.
                            This section is enacted by the Congress--

                                (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking 
                            power of the House of Representatives and 
                            the Senate, respectively, and as such is 
                            deemed a part of the rules of each House, 
                            respectively, and such procedures supersede 
                            other rules only to the extent that they are 
                            inconsistent with such other rules; and

                                (2) with the full recognition of the 
                            constitutional right of either House to 
                            change the rules (so far as relating to the 
                            procedures of that House) at any time, in 
                            the same manner, and to the same extent as 
                            any other rules of that House. (Dec. 8, 
                            1994, Pub. L. 103-465, Title I, Sec. 125, 
                            108 Stat. 4833.)

                                    * * * * * * *
                                TITLE 20.--EDUCATION

            
                         Chapter 3.--SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

        470  Sec. 42. Board of Regents; members.
            (a) Composition
                The business of the Institution shall be conducted at 
            the city of Washington by a Board of Regents, named the 
            Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, to be composed of 
            the Vice President, the Chief Justice of the United States, 
            three Members of the Senate, three Members of the House of 
            Representatives, and nine other persons, other than Members 
            of Congress, two of whom shall be resident in the city of 
            Washington, and seven of whom shall be inhabitants of some 
            State, but no two of them of the same State.
            (b) Modification of number, appointment or tenure of 
                members; exceptions
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Board of 
            Regents of the Smithsonian Institution may modify the number 
            of members, manner of appointment of members, or tenure of 
            members, of the boards or commissions under the jurisdiction 
            of the Smithsonian Institution, other than--
                            (1) the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian 
                        Institution; and
                            (2) the boards or commissions of the 
                        National Gallery of Art, the John F. Kennedy 
                        Center for the Performing Arts, and the Woodrow 
                        Wilson International Center for Scholars.

            (As amended Oct. 21, 1998, Pub. L. 105-277, Div. A, 
            Sec. 101(e) [Title III, Sec. 355], 112 Stat. 2681-231, 2681-
            303.)

        471  Sec. 43. Appointment of regents; terms of office; vacancies.
                The regents to be selected shall be appointed as 
            follows: The Members of the Senate by the President thereof; 
            the Members of the House by the Speaker thereof; and the 
            nine other persons by joint resolution of the Congress. The 
            Members of the House so appointed shall serve for the term 
            of two years; and on every alternate fourth Wednesday of 
            December a like number shall be appointed in the same 
            manner, to serve until the fourth Wednesday in December, in 
            the second year succeeding their appointment. The Senators 
            so appointed shall serve during the term for which they 
            shall hold, without reelection, their office as Senators. 
            Vacancies, occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise, 
            shall be filled as vacancies in committees are filled. The 
            regular term of service for the other nine members shall be 
            six years; and new elections thereof shall be made by joint 
            resolutions of Congress. Vacancies occasioned by death, 
            resignation, or otherwise may be filled in like manner by 
            joint resolution of Congress. (R.S. Sec. 5581; Dec. 15, 
            1970, Pub. L. 91-551, 84 Stat. 1440.)
                    22 u.s.c.--foreign relations and intercourse

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                    TITLE 22.--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE

            
                 Chapter 7.--INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC.

                                    * * * * * * *

      471.5  Sec. 276. Bureau of Interparliamentary Union; authorization 
                of appropriations.
                There is authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 
            1976 and for each subsequent fiscal year for the annual 
            contribution of the United States toward the maintenance of 
            the Bureau of the Interparliamentary Union for the promotion 
            of international arbitration, an amount equal to 13.61 per 
            centum of the budget of the Interparliamentary Union for the 
            year with respect to which such contribution is to be made 
            if the American group of the Interparliamentary Union has 
            approved such budget.

            (As amended Oct. 21, 1998, Pub. L. 105-277, Div. G, Title 
            XXV, Sec. 2503(b), 112 Stat. 2681-837.)

            
                                 Conditional Repeal

Pub. L. 105-277, Div. G, Title XXV, Sec. 2503(d), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 
2681-837 provided that unless Congress receives certification described in 
subsection (a) [section 2503(a) of Pub. L. 105-277, Div. G, Title XXV, 
enacting a note provision under this section] before October 1, 1999, 
effective on that date the Act entitled ``An Act to authorize participation 
by the United States in the Interparliamentary Union'', approved June 28, 
1935 [22 U.S.C.A. Sec. Sec. 276 to 276a-4] is repealed. See Effective and 
Termination Dates note under this section.

      471.6  Sec. 276a-2. Conference of the Interparliamentary Union and 
                all other parliamentary conferences; appointment of 
                delegates from Senate; Chairman; Vice Chairman.
                Senate delegates to each conference of the 
            Interparliamentary Union, and to all other parliamentary 
            conferences, shall be designated by the President of the 
            Senate upon recommendations of the majority and minority 
            leaders of the Senate. Unless the President of the Senate, 
            upon the recommendation of the majority leader, determines 
            otherwise, the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Senate 
            delegation shall be a Member from the Foreign Relations 
            Committee. Not fewer than two Senators designated to be in 
            the Senate delegation to each conference of the 
            Interparliamentary Union shall be members of the Committee 
            on Foreign Relations. (June 28, 1935, ch. 322, Sec. 4, as 
            added June 15, 1977, Pub. L. 95-45, Sec. 4(d)(3), 91 Stat. 
            223.)
      471.7  Sec. 276a-3. Executive secretary of American group of 
                Interparliamentary Union.
                After December 31, 1977, the executive secretary of the 
            American group of the Interparliamentary Union shall be an 
            officer or employee of the Senate or the House of 
            Representatives and shall be appointed--
                            (1) by the Chairman of the Senate delegation 
                        upon recommendations of the majority and 
                        minority leaders of the Senate for service 
                        during odd-numbered Congresses; and
                            (2) by the Chairman of the House delegation 
                        for service during even-numbered Congresses. 
                        (June 28, 1935, ch. 322, Sec. 5, as added June 
                        15, 1977, Pub. L. 95-45, Sec. 4(d)(3), 91 Stat. 
                        223.)
      471.8  Sec. 276a-4. Auditing of accounts of House and Senate 
                delegations to Interparliamentary Union; finality and 
                conclusiveness of certificate of Chairman.
                The certificate of the Chairman of the respective 
            delegation to the Interparliamentary Union (or the 
            certificate of the executive secretary of the American group 
            if the Chairman delegates such authority to him) shall be 
            final and conclusive upon the accounting officers in the 
            auditing of all accounts of the House and Senate delegations 
            to the Interparliamentary Union. (June 28, 1935, ch. 322, 
            Sec. 6, as added June 15, 1977, Pub. L. 95-45, Sec. 4(d)(3), 
            91 Stat. 223.)
      471.9  Sec. 276c-1. Reports of expenditures by members of American 
                groups or delegations and employees; consolidated 
                reports by Congressional committees; public inspection.
                Each chairman or senior member of the House of 
            Representatives and Senate group or delegation of the United 
            States group or delegation to the Interparliamentary Union, 
            the North Atlantic Assembly, the Canada-United States 
            Interparliamentary Group, the Mexico-United States 
            Interparliamentary Group, or any similar interparliamentary 
            group of which the United States is a member or 
            participates, by whom or on whose behalf local currencies 
            owned by the United States are made available and expended 
            and/or expenditures are made from funds appropriated for the 
            expenses of such group or delegation, shall file with the 
            chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 
            in the case of the group or delegation of the Senate, or 
            with the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
            House of Representatives in the case of the group or 
            delegation of the House, an itemized report showing all such 
            expenditures made by or on behalf of each Member or employee 
            of the group or delegation together with the purposes of the 
            expenditure, including per diem (lodging and meals), 
            transportation, and other purposes. Within sixty days after 
            the beginning of each regular session of Congress, the 
            chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
            chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs shall prepare 
            consolidated reports showing with respect to each such group 
            or delegation the total amount expended, the purposes of the 
            expenditures, the amount expended for each such purpose, the 
            names of the Members or employees by or on behalf of whom 
            the expenditures were made and the amount expended by or on 
            behalf of each Member or employee for each such purpose. The 
            consolidated reports prepared by the chairman of the 
            Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate shall be filed 
            with the Secretary of the Senate, and the consolidated 
            reports prepared by the chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
            Affairs of the House shall be filed with the Clerk of the 
            House and shall be open to public inspection. (As amended 
            Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 9(a)(2), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588; 
            Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 218(1), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 
            Stat. 1747.)

                    canada-united states interparliamentary group

  

     471.10  Sec. 276d. United States group; appointment; term; meetings.
                Not to exceed twenty-four Members of Congress shall be 
            appointed to meet jointly and at least annually and when 
            Congress is not in session (except that this restriction 
            shall not apply during the first session of the Eighty-sixth 
            Congress or to meetings held in the United States) with 
            representatives of the House of Commons and Senate of the 
            Canadian Parliament for discussion of common problems in the 
            interests of relations between the United States and Canada. 
            Of the Members of the Congress to be appointed for the 
            purposes of this section (hereinafter designated as the 
            United States group) half shall be appointed by the Speaker 
            of the House from Members of the House (not less than four 
            of whom shall be from the Foreign Affairs Committee), and 
            half shall be appointed by the President of the Senate upon 
            recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of the 
            Senate from Members of the Senate (not less than four of 
            whom shall be from the Foreign Relations Committee).
                Such appointments shall be for the period of each 
            meeting of the Canada-United States Interparliamentary group 
            except for the four members of the Foreign Affairs Committee 
            and the four members of the Foreign Relations Committee, 
            whose appointments shall be for the duration of each 
            Congress.
                The Chairman or Vice Chairman of the House delegation 
            shall be a Member from the Foreign Affairs Committee, and, 
            unless the President of the Senate, upon the recommendation 
            of the Majority Leader, determines otherwise, the Chairman 
            or Vice Chairman of the Senate delegation shall be a Member 
            from the Foreign Relations Committee. (Pub. L. 86-42, 
            Sec. 1, June 11, 1959, 73 Stat. 72; Pub. L. 95-45, 
            Sec. 4(a), June 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 222; Pub. L. 103-437, 
            Sec. 9(a)(3), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588.)

    471.10a  Sec. 276e. Authorization of appropriations; disbursements.
                An appropriation of $70,000 annually is authorized, 
            $35,000 of which shall be for the House delegation and 
            $35,000 for the Senate delegation, or so much thereof as may 
            be necessary, to assist in meeting the expenses of the 
            United States group of the Canada-United States 
            Interparliamentary group for each fiscal year for which an 
            appropriation is made, the House and Senate portions of such 
            appropriation to be disbursed on vouchers to be approved by 
            the Chairman of the House delegation and the Chairman of the 
            Senate delegation, respectively. (Pub. L. 86-42, Sec. 2, 
            June 11, 1959, 73 Stat. 72; Pub. L. 94-350, Title I, 
            Sec. 118(a), July 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 827; Pub. L. 103-236, 
            Title V, Sec. 502(a)(2), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 462.)
                    mexico-united states interparliamentary group

  

     471.11  Sec. 276h. United States group; appointment; term; meetings.
                Not to exceed twenty-four Members of Congress shall be 
            appointed to meet jointly and at least annually with 
            representatives of the Chamber of Deputies and Chamber of 
            Senators of the Mexican Congress for discussion of common 
            problems in the interests of relations between the United 
            States and Mexico. Of the Members of the Congress to be 
            appointed for the purposes of this section (hereinafter 
            designated as the United States group) half shall be 
            appointed by the Speaker of the House from Members of the 
            House (not less than four of whom shall be from the Foreign 
            Affairs Committee), and half shall be appointed by the 
            President of the Senate upon recommendations of the majority 
            and minority leaders of the Senate from Members of the 
            Senate (not less than four of whom shall be from the Foreign 
            Relations Committee). Such appointments shall be for the 
            period of each meeting of the Mexico-United States 
            Interparliamentary group except for the four members of the 
            Foreign Affairs Committee, and the four members of the 
            Foreign Relations Committee, whose appointments shall be for 
            the duration of each Congress.
                The Chairman or Vice Chairman of the House delegation 
            shall be a Member from the Foreign Affairs Committee, and, 
            unless the President of the Senate, upon the recommendation 
            of the Majority Leader, determines otherwise, the Chairman 
            or Vice Chairman of the Senate delegation shall be a Member 
            from the Foreign Relations Committee. (Pub. L. 86-420, 
            Sec. 1, Apr. 9, 1960, 74 Stat. 40; Pub. L. 95-45, Sec. 4(b), 
            June 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 222; Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 9(a)(4), 
            Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4585.)

    471.11a  Sec. 276i. Authorization of appropriations; disbursements.
                An appropriation of $80,000 annually is authorized, 
            $40,000 of which shall be for the House delegation and 
            $40,000 for the Senate delegation, or so much thereof as may 
            be necessary, to assist in meeting the expenses of the 
            United States group of the Mexico-United States 
            Interparliamentary group for each fiscal year for which an 
            appropriation is made, the House and Senate portions of such 
            appropriation to be disbursed on vouchers to be approved by 
            the Chairman of the House delegation and the Chairman of the 
            Senate delegation, respectively. (As amended Pub. L. 101-
            515, Title III, Sec. 304(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2129; 
            Pub. L. 103-236, Title V, Sec. 502(a)(1), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 
            Stat. 461.)
     471.12  Sec. 276l. British-American Interparliamentary Group.
            (a) Establishment and meetings.
                Not to exceed 24 Members of Congress shall be appointed 
            to meet annually and when the Congress is not in session 
            (except that this restriction shall not apply to meetings 
            held in the United States), with representatives of the 
            House of Commons and the House of Lords of the Parliament of 
            Great Britain for discussion of common problems in the 
            interest of relations between the United States and Great 
            Britain. The Members of Congress so appointed shall be 
            referred to as the ``United States group'' of the United 
            States Interparliamentary Group.
            (b) Appointment of members.
                Of the Members of Congress appointed for purposes of 
            this section--
                            (1) half shall be appointed by the Speaker 
                        of the House of Representatives from among 
                        Members of the House (not less than 4 of whom 
                        shall be members of the Committee on Foreign 
                        Affairs), and
                            (2) half shall be appointed by the President 
                        pro tempore of the Senate, upon recommendations 
                        of the majority and minority leaders of the 
                        Senate, from among Members of the Senate (not 
                        less than 4 of whom shall be members of the 
                        Committee on Foreign Relations) unless the 
                        majority and minority leaders of the Senate 
                        determine otherwise.
            (c) Chair and Vice Chair.
                (1) The Chair or Vice Chair of the House delegation of 
            the United States group shall be a member from the Committee 
            on Foreign Affairs.
                (2) The President pro tempore of the Senate shall 
            designate the Chair or Vice Chair of the Senate delegation.
            (d) Funding.
                There is authorized to be appropriated $50,000 for each 
            fiscal year to assist in meeting the expenses of the United 
            States group for each fiscal year for which an appropriation 
            is made, half of which shall be for the House delegation and 
            half of which shall be for the Senate delegation. The House 
            and Senate portions of such appropriations shall be 
            disbursed on vouchers to be approved by the Chair of the 
            House delegation and the Chair of the Senate delegation, 
            respectively.
            (e) Certification of expenditures.
                The certificate of the Chair of the House delegation or 
            the Senate delegation of the United States group shall be 
            final and conclusive upon the accounting officers in the 
            auditing of the accounts of the United States group.
            (f) Annual report.
                The United States group shall submit to the Congress a 
            report for each fiscal year for which an appropriation is 
            made for the United States group, which shall include its 
            expenditures under such appropriation.
            (g) [Omitted.] (Pub. L. 102-138, Title I, Sec. 168, Oct. 28, 
                1991, 105 Stat. 676.)

  

     471.13  Sec. 276m. United States Delegation to the Parliamentary 
                Assembly of the Conference on Security and Cooperation 
                in Europe (CSCE).
            (a) Establishment.
                In accordance with the allocation of seats to the United 
            States in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Conference on 
            Security and Cooperation in Europe (hereinafter referred to 
            as the ``CSCE Assembly'') not to exceed 17 Members of 
            Congress shall be appointed to meet jointly and annually 
            with representative parliamentary groups from other 
            Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) 
            member-nations for the purposes of--
                            (1) assessing the implementation of the 
                        objectives of the CSCE;
                            (2) discussing subjects addressed during the 
                        meetings of the Council of Ministers for Foreign 
                        Affairs and the biennial Summit of Heads of 
                        State or Government;
                            (3) initiating and promoting such national 
                        and multilateral measures as may further 
                        cooperation and security in Europe.
            (b) Appointment of Delegation.
                For each meeting of the CSCE Assembly, there shall be 
            appointed a United States Delegation, as follows:
                            (1) In 1992 and every even-numbered year 
                        thereafter, 9 Members shall be appointed by the 
                        Speaker of the House from Members of the House 
                        (not less than 4 of whom, including the Chairman 
                        of the United States Delegation, shall be from 
                        the Committee on Foreign Affairs); and 8 Members 
                        shall, upon recommendations of the Majority and 
                        Minority leaders of the Senate, be appointed by 
                        the President pro tempore of the Senate from 
                        Members of the Senate (not less than 4 of whom, 
                        including the Vice Chairman of the United States 
                        Delegation, shall be from the Committee on 
                        Foreign Relations, unless the President pro 
                        tempore of the Senate, upon recommendations of 
                        the Majority and Minority leaders of the Senate, 
                        determines otherwise).
                            (2) In every odd-numbered year beginning in 
                        1993, 9 Members shall, upon recommendation of 
                        the Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate, 
                        be appointed by the President pro tempore of the 
                        Senate from Members of the Senate (not less than 
                        4 of whom, including the Chairman of the United 
                        States Delegation, shall be from the Committee 
                        on Foreign Relations, unless the President pro 
                        tempore of the Senate, upon recommendations of 
                        the Majority and Minority leaders of the Senate, 
                        determines otherwise); and 8 Members shall be 
                        appointed by the Speaker of the House from 
                        Members of the House (not less than 4 of whom, 
                        including the Vice Chairman, shall be from the 
                        Committee on Foreign Affairs).
            (c) Administrative support.
                For the purpose of providing general staff support and 
            continuity between successive delegations, each United 
            States Delegation shall have 2 secretaries (one of whom 
            shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Committee on 
            Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and one of 
            whom shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Delegation of 
            the Senate).
            (d) Funding.
                    (1) United States participation.
                            There is authorized to be appropriated for 
                        each fiscal year $80,000 to assist in meeting 
                        the expenses of the United States delegation. 
                        For each fiscal year for which an appropriation 
                        is made under this subsection, half of such 
                        appropriation may be disbursed on voucher to be 
                        approved by the Chairman and half of such 
                        appropriation may be disbursed on voucher to be 
                        approved by the Vice Chairman.
                    (2) Availability of appropriations.
                            Amounts appropriated pursuant to this 
                        subsection are authorized to be available until 
                        expended.
            (e) Annual report.
                The United States Delegation shall, for each fiscal year 
            for which an appropriation is made, submit to the Congress a 
            report including its expenditures under such appropriation. 
            The certificate of the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the 
            United States Delegation shall be final and conclusive upon 
            the accounting officers in the auditing of the accounts of 
            the United States Delegation. (Pub. L. 102-138, Title I, 
            Sec. 169, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 677.)
            Note
                There are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal 
            year $50,000 for expenses of United States participation in 
            the United States-European Community Interparliamentary 
            Group. (November 22, 1983, Public Law 98-164, Sec. 109(c), 
            as amended September 19, 1986, Public Law 99-415, Sec. 7(b), 
            and October 1, 1988, Public Law 100-459, Sec. 303(c)).

            
                        Chapter 24.--MUTUAL SECURITY PROGRAM

        472  Sec. 1754. Foreign currencies.

                                    * * * * * * *

            (b) Availability to Members and employees of Congress; 
                authorization requirements; reports.
                (1)(A) Notwithstanding section 1306 of title 31, or any 
            other provision of law--
                            (i) local currencies owned by the United 
                        States, which are in excess of the amounts 
                        reserved under section 2362(a) of this title, 
                        and of the requirements of the United States 
                        Government in payment of its obligations outside 
                        the United States, as such requirements may be 
                        determined from time to time by the President; 
                        and
                            (ii) any other local currencies owned by the 
                        United States in amounts not to exceed the 
                        equivalent of $75 per day per person or the 
                        maximum per diem allowance established under the 
                        authority of subchapter I of chapter 57 of Title 
                        5 for employees of the United States Government 
                        while traveling in a foreign country, whichever 
                        is greater, exclusive of the actual cost of 
                        transportation;

            shall be made available to Members and employees of the 
            Congress for their local currency expenses when authorized 
            as provided in subparagraph (B).

                (B) The authorization required for purposes of 
            subparagraph (A) may be provided--
                            (i) by the Speaker of the House of 
                        Representatives in the case of a Member or 
                        employee of the House;
                            (ii) by the chairman of a standing or select 
                        committee of the House of Representatives in the 
                        case of a member or employee of that committee;
                            (iii) by the President of the Senate, the 
                        President pro tempore of the Senate, the 
                        Majority Leader of the Senate, or the Minority 
                        Leader of the Senate, in the case of a Member or 
                        employee of the Senate;
                            (iv) by the chairman of a standing, select, 
                        or special committee of the Senate in the case 
                        of a member or employee of that committee or of 
                        an employee of a member of that committee; and
                            (v) by the chairman of a joint committee of 
                        the Congress in the case of a member or employee 
                        of that committee.
                (C) Whenever local currencies owned by the United States 
            are not otherwise available for purposes of this subsection, 
            the Secretary of the Treasury shall purchase such local 
            currencies as may be necessary for such purposes, using any 
            funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.
                (2) On a quarterly basis, the chairman of each committee 
            of the House of Representatives or the Senate and of each 
            joint committee of the Congress (A) shall prepare a 
            consolidated report (i) which itemizes the amounts and 
            dollar equivalent values of each foreign currency expended 
            and the amounts of dollar expenditures from appropriated 
            funds in connection with travel outside the United States, 
            stating the purposes of the expenditures including per diem 
            (lodging and meals), transportation, and other purposes, and 
            (ii) which shows the total itemized expenditures, by such 
            committee and by each member or employee of such committee 
            (including in the case of a committee of the Senate, each 
            employee of a member of the committee who received an 
            authorization under paragraph (1) from the chairman of the 
            committee); and (B) shall forward such consolidated report 
            to the Clerk of the House of Representatives (if the 
            committee is a committee of the House of Representatives or 
            a joint committee whose funds are disbursed by the Chief 
            Administrative Officer of the House) or to the Secretary of 
            the Senate (if the committee is a committee of the Senate or 
            a joint committee whose funds are disbursed by the Secretary 
            of the Senate). Each such consolidated report shall be open 
            to public inspection and shall be published in the 
            Congressional Record within ten legislative days after the 
            report is forwarded pursuant to this paragraph. In the case 
            of the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and 
            the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House 
            of Representatives, such consolidated report may, in the 
            discretion of the chairman of the committee, omit such 
            information as would identify the foreign countries in which 
            members and employees of that committee traveled.
                (3)(A) Each Member or employee who receives an 
            authorization under paragraph (1) from the Speaker of the 
            House of Representatives, the President of the Senate, the 
            President pro tempore of the Senate, the Majority Leader of 
            the Senate, or the Minority Leader of the Senate, shall 
            within thirty days after the completion of the travel 
            involved, submit a report setting forth the information 
            specified in paragraph (2), to the extent applicable, to the 
            Clerk of the House of Representatives (in the case of a 
            Member of the House or an employee whose salary is disbursed 
            by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House) or the 
            Secretary of the Senate (in the case of a Member of the 
            Senate or an employee whose salary is disbursed by the 
            Secretary of the Senate). In the case of an authorization 
            for a group of Members or employees, such reports shall be 
            submitted for all Members of the group by its chairman, or 
            if there is no designated chairman, by the ranking Member or 
            if the group does not include a Member, by the senior 
            employee in the group. Each report submitted pursuant to 
            this subparagraph shall be open to public inspection.
                (B) On a quarterly basis, the Clerk of the House of 
            Representatives and the Secretary of the Senate shall each 
            prepare a consolidation of the reports received by them 
            under this paragraph with respect to expenditures during the 
            preceding quarter by each Member and employee or by each 
            group in the case of expenditures made on behalf of a group 
            which are not allocable to individual members of the group. 
            Each such consolidation shall be open to public inspection 
            and shall be published in the Congressional Record within 
            ten legislative days after its completion. (Aug. 26, 1954, 
            ch. 937, Title V, Sec. 502, 68 Stat. 849, amended Sept. 3, 
            1954, ch. 1262, Sec. 104, 68 Stat. 1223; July 8, 1955, ch. 
            301, Sec. 9(a), 69 Stat. 288; July 18, 1956, ch. 627, 
            Sec. 9(b), 70 Stat. 560; June 30, 1958, Sec. 401(a), 72 
            Stat. 268; August 27, 1958, Pub. L. 85-766, ch. X, 
            Sec. 1001, 72 Stat. 880; May 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86-472, 
            Sec. 401(a), 74 Stat. 138; July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86-628, 
            Sec. 105(a), 74 Stat. 460; Sept. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87-195, 
            Pt. III, Sec. 642(a)(2), 75 Stat. 460; Oct. 7, 1964, Pub. L. 
            88-633, 78 Stat. 1015; Oct. 18, 1973, Pub. L. 93-126, 
            Sec. 5, 87 Stat. 452; Aug. 13, 1974, Pub. L. 93-371, 
            Sec. 107, 88 Stat. 444; July 25, 1975, Pub. L. 94-59, Title 
            XI, Sec. 1105, 89 Stat. 299; Dec. 18, 1975, Pub. L. 94-157, 
            Title I, ch. IV, 89 Stat. 837; July 12, 1976, Pub. L. 94-
            350, Title IV, Sec. 402, 90 Stat. 833; Oct. 1, 1976, Pub. L. 
            94-440, Title I, Sec. 109, 90 Stat. 1445; Sept. 26, 1978, 
            Pub. L. 95-384, Sec. 22(a), 92 Stat. 742; Aug. 20, 1996, 
            Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 218(2), 110 Stat. 1747.)
      472.5  Sec. 1928a. North Atlantic Treaty Parliamentary Conference; 
                participation; appointment of United States Group.
                Not to exceed twenty-four Members of Congress shall be 
            appointed to meet jointly and annually with representative 
            parliamentary groups from other NATO (North Atlantic Treaty 
            Organization) members, for discussion of common problems in 
            the interests of the maintenance of peace and security in 
            the North Atlantic area. Of the Members of the Congress to 
            be appointed for the purposes of this resolution 
            (hereinafter designated as the ``United States Group''), 
            half shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House from 
            Members of the House (not less than four of whom shall be 
            from the Committee on Foreign Affairs), and half shall be 
            appointed by the President of the Senate upon 
            recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of the 
            Senate from Members of the Senate. Not more than seven of 
            the appointees from the Senate shall be of the same 
            political party. The Chairman or Vice Chairman of the House 
            delegation shall be a Member from the Foreign Affairs 
            Committee, and, unless the President of the Senate, upon the 
            recommendation of the Majority Leader, determines otherwise, 
            the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Senate delegation shall 
            be a Member from the Foreign Relations Committee. Each 
            delegation shall have a secretary. The secretaries of the 
            Senate and House delegations shall be appointed, 
            respectively, by the chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
            Relations of the Senate and the chairman of the Committee on 
            Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives. (July 11, 
            1956, ch. 562, Sec. 1, 70 Stat. 523; Dec. 16, 1963, Pub. L. 
            88-205, Pt. IV, Sec. 406, 77 Stat. 392; Pub. L. 95-45 
            Sec. 4(c), June 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 222; H. Res. 89, February 
            5, 1979; December 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100-204, Title VII, 
            Sec. 744(a), 101 Stat. 1396; Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 9(a)(5), 
            Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588.)
      472.6  Sec. 1928b. Authorization of appropriations.
                There is authorized to be appropriated annually, (1), 
            for the annual contribution of the United States toward the 
            maintenance of the North Atlantic Assembly, such sum as may 
            be agreed upon by the United States Group and approved by 
            such Assembly, but in no event to exceed for any year an 
            amount equal to 25 per centum of the total annual 
            contributions made for that year by all members of the NATO 
            Parliamentary Assembly toward the maintenance of such 
            Assembly, and (2) $100,000, $50,000 for the House delegation 
            and $50,000 for the Senate delegation, or so much thereof as 
            may be necessary, to assist in meeting the expenses of the 
            United States Group of the North Atlantic Assembly for each 
            fiscal year for which an appropriation is made, such 
            appropriation to be dispersed on voucher to be approved by 
            the Chairman of the House delegation and the Chairman of the 
            Senate delegation. (July 11, 1956, ch. 562, Sec. 2, 70 Stat. 
            523; June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85-477, ch. V, Sec. 502(d), 72 
            Stat. 273; Nov. 14, 1967, Pub. L. 90-137, Pt. IV, 
            Sec. 401(a), 81 Stat. 463; Feb. 7, 1972, Pub. L. 92-226, Pt. 
            IV, Sec. 405, 86 Stat. 34; Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100-202, 
            Sec. 101(a) [Title III, Sec. 303], 101 Stat. 1329, 1329-23; 
            Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100-204, Title VII, Sec. 744(b), 101 
            Stat. 1396; Nov. 29, 1999, Pub. L. 106-113, Sec. 1000(a)(7), 
            113 Stat. 1501A-459.)
                          26 u.s.c.--internal revenue code

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                          TITLE 26.--INTERNAL REVENUE CODE

            
                              SUBTITLE A.--INCOME TAXES

            
                        Chapter 1.--NORMAL TAXES AND SURTAXES

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                    Subchapter B.--Computation of Taxable Income

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                Part II.--ITEMS SPECIFICALLY INCLUDED IN GROSS INCOME

                                    * * * * * * *

        473  Sec. 84. Transfer of appreciated property to political 
                organization.

  

      473.1  (a) General rule.
                If--
                            (1) any person transfers property to a 
                        political organization, and
                            (2) the fair market value of such property 
                        exceeds its adjusted basis,

            then for purposes of this chapter the transferor shall be 
            treated as having sold such property to the political 
            organization on the date of the transfer, and the transferor 
            shall be treated as having realized an amount equal to the 
            fair market value of such property on such date.

      473.2  (b) Basis of property.
                In the case of a transfer of property to a political 
            organization to which subsection (a) applies, the basis of 
            such property in the hands of the political organization 
            shall be the same as it would be in the hands of the 
            transferor, increased by the amount of gain recognized to 
            the transferor by reason of such transfer.

              

      473.3  (c) Political organization defined.
                For purposes of this section, the term ``political 
            organization'' has the meaning given to such term by section 
            527(e)(1). (Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93-625, Sec. 13(a), 88 
            Stat. 2120.)

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                 Part VI.--ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS AND 
                                    CORPORATIONS

                                    * * * * * * *

  

        474  Sec. 162. Trade or business expenses.

  

      474.1  (a) In general.
                There shall be allowed as a deduction all the ordinary 
            and necessary expenses paid or incurred during the taxable 
            year in carrying on any trade or business, including--
                            (1) a reasonable allowance for salaries or 
                        other compensation for personal services 
                        actually rendered;
                            (2) traveling expenses (including amounts 
                        expended for meals and lodging other than 
                        amounts which are lavish or extravagant under 
                        the circumstances) while away from home in the 
                        pursuit of a trade or business; and
                            (3) rentals or other payments required to be 
                        made as a condition to the continued use or 
                        possession, for purposes of the trade or 
                        business, of property to which the taxpayer has 
                        not taken or is not taking title or in which he 
                        has no equity.

            For purposes of the preceding sentence, the place of 
            residence of a Member of Congress (including any Delegate 
            and Resident Commissioner) within the State, congressional 
            district, or possession which he represents in Congress 
            shall be considered his home, but amounts expended by such 
            Members within each taxable year for living expenses shall 
            not be deductible for income tax purposes in excess of 
            $3,000. For purposes of paragraph (2), the taxpayer shall 
            not be treated as being temporarily away from home during 
            any period of employment if such period exceeds 1 year. The 
            preceding sentence shall not apply to any Federal employee 
            during any period for which such employee is certified by 
            the Attorney General (or the designee thereof) as traveling 
            on behalf of the United States in temporary duty status to 
            investigate or prosecute, or provide support services for 
            the investigation or prosecution of, a Federal crime. (Aug. 
            16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 45; Oct. 16, 1962, Pub. L. 87-
            834, Sec. 4(b), 76 Stat. 960, 976; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94-
            455, Sec. 1901(c) (4), 90 Stat. 1803; Oct. 1, 1981, Pub. L. 
            97-51, Sec. 139(b)(1), 95 Stat. 967; July 18, 1982, Pub. L. 
            97-216, Sec. 215(a), 96 Stat. 194; Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 
            102-486, Sec. 1938(a), 106 Stat. 3033; Aug. 5, 1997, Pub. L. 
            105-34, Sec. 1204(a), 111 Stat. 995; July 22, 1998, Pub. L. 
            105-206, Sec. 6012(a), 112 Stat. 818.)

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
                         Subchapter F.--Exempt Organizations

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
                          Part VI.--POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS

      474.5  Sec. 527. Political organizations.

  

      474.6  (a) General rule.
                A political organization shall be subject to taxation 
            under this subtitle only to the extent provided in this 
            section. A political organization shall be considered an 
            organization exempt from income taxes for the purpose of any 
            law which refers to organizations exempt from income taxes.

      474.7  (b) Tax imposed.
                (1) In general.--A tax is hereby imposed for each 
            taxable year on the political organization taxable income of 
            every political organization. Such tax shall be computed by 
            multiplying the political organization taxable income by the 
            highest rate of tax specified in section 11(b).
                (2) Alternative tax in case of capital gains.--If for 
            any taxable year any political organization has a net 
            capital gain, then, in lieu of the tax imposed by paragraph 
            (1), there is hereby imposed a tax (if such a tax is less 
            than the tax imposed by paragraph (1)) which shall consist 
            of the sum of--
                            (A) a partial tax, computed as provided by 
                        paragraph (1), on the political organization 
                        taxable income determined by reducing such 
                        income by the amount of such gain, and
                            (B) an amount determined as provided in 
                        section 1201(a) on such gain.

      474.8  (c) Political organization taxable income defined.
                (1) Taxable income defined.--For purposes of this 
            section, the political organization taxable income of any 
            organization for any taxable year is an amount equal to the 
            excess (if any) of--
                            (A) the gross income for the taxable year 
                        (excluding any exempt function income), over
                            (B) the deductions allowed by this chapter 
                        which are directly connected with the production 
                        of the gross income (excluding exempt function 
                        income), computed with the modifications 
                        provided in paragraph (2).
                (2) Modifications.--For purposes of this subsection--
                            (A) there shall be allowed a specific 
                        deduction of $100,
                            (B) no net operating loss deduction shall be 
                        allowed under section 172, and
                            (C) no deduction shall be allowed under part 
                        VIII of subchapter B (relating to special 
                        deductions for corporations).
                (3) Exempt function income.--For purposes of this 
            subsection, the term ``exempt function income'' means any 
            amount received as--
                            (A) a contribution of money or other 
                        property,
                            (B) membership dues, a membership fee or 
                        assessment from a member of the political 
                        organization,
                            (C) proceeds from a political fundraising or 
                        entertainment event, or proceeds from the sale 
                        of political campaign materials, which are not 
                        received in the ordinary course of any trade or 
                        business, or
                            (D) proceeds from the conducting of any 
                        bingo game (as defined in section 513(f)(2)),

            to the extent such amount is segregated for use only for the 
            exempt function of the political organization.

      474.9  (d) Certain uses not treated as income to candidate.
                For purposes of this title, if any political 
            organization--
                            (1) contributes any amount to or for the use 
                        of any political organization which is treated 
                        as exempt from tax under subsection (a) of this 
                        section,
                            (2) contributes any amount to or for the use 
                        of any organization described in paragraph (1) 
                        or (2) of section 509(a) which is exempt from 
                        tax under section 501(a), or
                            (3) deposits any amount in the general fund 
                        of the Treasury or in the general funds of any 
                        State or local government,

            such amount shall be treated as an amount not diverted for 
            the personal use of the candidate or any other person. No 
            deduction shall be allowed under this title for the 
            contribution or deposit of any amount described in the 
            preceding sentence.

     474.10  (e) Other definitions.
                For purposes of this section--
                            (1) Political organization.--The term 
                        ``political organization'' means a party, 
                        committee, association, fund, or other 
                        organization (whether or not incorporated) 
                        organized and operated primarily for the purpose 
                        of directly or indirectly accepting 
                        contributions or making expenditures, or both, 
                        for an exempt function.
                            (2) Exempt function.--The term ``exempt 
                        function'' means the function of influencing or 
                        attempting to influence the selection, 
                        nomination, election, or appointment of any 
                        individual to any Federal, State, or local 
                        public office or office in a political 
                        organization, or the election of Presidential or 
                        Vice-Presidential electors, whether or not such 
                        individual or electors are selected, nominated, 
                        elected, or appointed. Such term includes the 
                        making of expenditures relating to an office 
                        described in the preceding sentence which, if 
                        incurred by the individual, would be allowable 
                        as a deduction under section 162(a).
                            (3) Contributions.--The term 
                        ``contributions'' has the meaning given to such 
                        term by section 271(b)(2).
                            (4) Expenditures.--The term ``expenditures'' 
                        has the meaning given to such term by section 
                        271(b)(3).

                                    * * * * * * *

  

     474.11  (g) Treatment of newsletter funds.
                (1) In general.--For purposes of this section, a fund 
            established and maintained by an individual who holds, has 
            been elected to, or is a candidate (within the meaning of 
            paragraph (3)) for nomination or election to, any Federal, 
            State, or local elective public office for use by such 
            individual exclusively for the preparation and circulation 
            of such individual's newsletter shall, except as provided in 
            paragraph (2), be treated as if such fund constituted a 
            political organization.
                (2) Additional modifications.--In the case of any fund 
            described in paragraph (1)--
                            (A) the exempt function shall be only the 
                        preparation and circulation of the newsletter, 
                        and
                            (B) the specific deduction provided by 
                        subsection (c)(2)(A) shall not be allowed.
                (3) Candidate.--For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 
            ``candidate'' means, with respect to any Federal, State, or 
            local elective public office, an individual who--
                            (A) publicly announces that he is a 
                        candidate for nomination or election to such 
                        office, and
                            (B) meets the qualifications prescribed by 
                        law to hold such office.
     474.12  (h) Special rule for principal campaign committees.
                (1) In general.--In the case of a political organization 
            which is a principal campaign committee, paragraph (1) of 
            subsection (b) shall be applied by substituting ``the 
            appropriate rates'' for ``the highest rate''.
                (2) Principal campaign committee defined.--
                            (A) In general.--For purposes of this 
                        subsection, the term ``principal campaign 
                        committee'' means the political committee 
                        designated by a candidate for Congress as his 
                        principal campaign committee for purposes of--

                                (i) section 302(e) of the Federal 
                            Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
                            432(e)), and

                                (ii) this subsection.

                            (B) Designation.--A candidate may have only 
                        1 designation in effect under subparagraph 
                        (A)(ii) at any time and such designation--

                                (i) shall be made at such time and in 
                            such manner as the Secretary may prescribe 
                            by regulations, and

                                (ii) once made, may be revoked only with 
                            the consent of the Secretary.

                            Nothing in this subsection shall be 
                        construed to require any designation where there 
                        is only one political committee with respect to 
                        a candidate. (Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93-625, 
                        Sec. 10(a), 88 Stat. 2116; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 
                        94-455, Sec. 1901(b)(33)(c), 90 Stat. 1801; Oct. 
                        21, 1978, Pub. L. 95-502, Sec. 302(a), 92 Stat. 
                        1702; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95-600, 
                        Sec. 301(b)(6), 92 Stat. 2821; Aug. 13, 1981, 
                        Pub. L. 97-34, Sec. 128, 95 Stat. 203; July 18, 
                        1984, Pub. L. 98-369, Sec. Sec. 474(r)(16), 
                        722(c), 98 Stat. 843, 973; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. 
                        L. 99-514, Sec. 112(b)(1), 100 Stat. 2085; Nov. 
                        10, 1988, Pub. L. 100-647, Sec. 1001(b)(3)(B), 
                        102 Stat. 3349.)

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
             Subchapter N.--Tax Based on Income From Sources Within or 
                             Without the United States

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
                Part II.--NONRESIDENT ALIENS AND FOREIGN CORPORATIONS

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
                        Subpart D.--Miscellaneous Provisions

                                    * * * * * * *

  

     474.13  Sec. 896. Adjustment of tax on nationals, residents, and 
                corporations of certain foreign countries.

                                    * * * * * * *

  

     474.14  (d) Notification of Congress required.
                No proclamation shall be issued by the President 
            pursuant to this section unless, at lest 30 days prior to 
            such proclamation, he has notified the Senate and the House 
            of Representatives of his intention to issue such 
            proclamation. (Nov. 13, 1966, Pub. L. 89-809, Sec. 105(b), 
            80 Stat. 1563.)
            
                       Subchapter P.--Capital Gains and Losses

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
             Part III.--GENERAL RULES FOR DETERMINING CAPITAL GAINS AND 
                                       LOSSES

     474.15  Sec. 1221. Capital asset defined.
                (a) In general.--For purposes of this subtitle, the term 
            ``capital asset'' means property held by the taxpayer 
            (whether or not connected with his trade or business), but 
            does not include--

                                    * * * * * * *

  

                (5) a publication of the United States Government 
            (including the Congressional Record) which is received from 
            the United States Government or any agency thereof, other 
            than by purchase at the price at which it is offered for 
            sale to the public, and which is held by--
                            (A) a taxpayer who so received such 
                        publication, or
                            (B) a taxpayer in whose hands the basis of 
                        such publication is determined, for purposes of 
                        determining gain from a sale or exchange, in 
                        whole or in part by reference to the basis of 
                        such publication in the hands of a taxpayer 
                        described in subparagraph (A). (Aug. 16, 1954, 
                        ch. 736. 68A Stat. 321; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 
                        94-455, Sec. 2132 (a), 90 Stat. 1925; Aug. 13, 
                        1981, Pub. L. 97-34, Sec. 505 (a), 95 Stat 331; 
                        Dec. 17, 1999, Pub. L. 106-170, Sec. 532(a), 113 
                        Stat. 1928.

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                      SUBTITLE F.--PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION

            
                        Chapter 61.--INFORMATION AND RETURNS

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
                       Subchapter B.--Miscellaneous Provisions

                                    * * * * * * *

  

        475  Sec. 6103. Confidentiality and disclosure of returns and 
                return information.

                                    * * * * * * *

      475.1  (f) Disclosure to committees of Congress.
                (1) Committee on Ways and Means, Committee on Finance, 
            and Joint Committee on Taxation.--Upon written request from 
            the chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means of the House 
            of Representatives, the chairman of the Committee on Finance 
            of the Senate, or the chairman of the Joint Committee on 
            Taxation, the Secretary shall furnish such committee with 
            any return or return information specified in such request, 
            except that any return or return information which can be 
            associated with, or otherwise identify, directly or 
            indirectly, a particular taxpayer shall be furnished to such 
            committee only when sitting in closed executive session 
            unless such taxpayer otherwise consents in writing to such 
            disclosure.
                (2) Chief of Staff of Joint Committee on Taxation.--Upon 
            written request by the Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee 
            on Taxation, the Secretary shall furnish him with any return 
            or return information specified in such request. Such Chief 
            of Staff may submit such return or return information to any 
            committee described in paragraph (1), except that any return 
            or return information which can be associated with, or 
            otherwise identify, directly or indirectly, a particular 
            taxpayer shall be furnished to such committee only when 
            sitting in closed executive session unless such taxpayer 
            otherwise consents in writing to such disclosure.
                (3) Other committees.--Pursuant to an action by, and 
            upon written request by the chairman of, a committee of the 
            Senate or the House of Representatives (other than a 
            committee specified in paragraph (1)) specially authorized 
            to inspect any return or return information by a resolution 
            of the Senate or the House of Representatives or, in the 
            case of a joint committee (other than the joint committee 
            specified in paragraph (1)) by concurrent resolution, the 
            Secretary shall furnish such committee, or a duly authorized 
            and designated subcommittee thereof, sitting in closed 
            executive session, with any return or return information 
            which such resolution authorizes the committee or 
            subcommittee to inspect. Any resolution described in this 
            paragraph shall specify the purpose for which the return or 
            return information is to be furnished and that such 
            information cannot reasonably be obtained from any other 
            source.
                (4) Agents of committees and submission of information 
            to Senate or House of Representatives.--
                            (A) Committees described in paragraph (1).--
                        Any committee described in paragraph (1) or the 
                        Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee on 
                        Taxation shall have the authority, acting 
                        directly, or by or through such examiners or 
                        agents as the chairman of such committee or such 
                        chief of staff may designate or appoint, to 
                        inspect returns and return information at such 
                        time and in such manner as may be determined by 
                        such chairman or chief of staff. Any return or 
                        return information obtained by or on behalf of 
                        such committee pursuant to the provisions of 
                        this subsection may be submitted by the 
                        committee to the Senate or the House of 
                        Representatives, or to both. The Joint Committee 
                        on Taxation may also submit such return or 
                        return information to any other committee 
                        described in paragraph (1), except that any 
                        return or return information which can be 
                        associated with, or otherwise identify, directly 
                        or indirectly, a particular taxpayer shall be 
                        furnished to such committee only when sitting in 
                        closed executive session unless such taxpayer 
                        otherwise consents in writing to such 
                        disclosure.
                            (B) Other committees.--Any committee or 
                        subcommittee described in paragraph (3) shall 
                        have the right, acting directly, or by or 
                        through no more than four examiners or agents, 
                        designated or appointed in writing in equal 
                        numbers by the chairman and ranking minority 
                        member of such committee or subcommittee, to 
                        inspect returns and return information at such 
                        time and in such manner as may be determined by 
                        such chairman and ranking minority member. Any 
                        return or return information obtained by or on 
                        behalf of such committee or subcommittee 
                        pursuant to the provisions of this subsection 
                        may be submitted by the committee to the Senate 
                        or the House of Representatives, or to both, 
                        except that any return or return information 
                        which can be associated with, or otherwise 
                        identify, directly or indirectly, a particular 
                        taxpayer, shall be furnished to the Senate or 
                        the House of Representatives only when sitting 
                        in closed executive session unless such taxpayer 
                        otherwise consents in writing to such 
                        disclosure.
                (5) Disclosure by whistleblower.--Any person who 
            otherwise has or had access to any return or return 
            information under this section may disclose such return or 
            return information to a committee referred to in paragraph 
            (1) or any individual authorized to receive or inspect 
            information under paragraph (4)(A) if such person believes 
            such return or return information may relate to possible 
            misconduct, maladministration, or taxpayer abuse.
      475.2  (g) Disclosure to President and certain other persons.

                                    * * * * * * *

      475.3  (5) Reporting requirements.--
                Within 30 days after the close of each calendar quarter, 
            the President and the head of any agency requesting returns 
            and return information under this subsection shall each file 
            a report with the Joint Committee on Taxation setting forth 
            the taxpayers with respect to whom such requests were made 
            during such quarter under this subsection, the returns or 
            return information involved, and the reasons for such 
            requests. The President shall not be required to report on 
            any request for returns and return information pertaining to 
            an individual who was an officer or employee of the 
            executive branch of the Federal Government at the time such 
            request was made. Reports filed pursuant to this paragraph 
            shall not be disclosed unless the Joint Committee on 
            Taxation determines that disclosure thereof (including 
            identifying details) would be in the national interest. Such 
            reports shall be maintained by the Joint Committee on 
            Taxation for a period not exceeding 2 years unless, within 
            such period, the Joint Committee on Taxation determines that 
            a disclosure to the Congress is necessary. (Pub. L. 105-65, 
            Title V, (Sec. 542(b), 111 Stat. 1412; July 22, 1998, Pub. 
            L. 105-206, Title I, Sec. 1101(b), Title III, 
            Sec. Sec. 3702(a), (b), 3708(a), 3711(b), Title VI, 
            Sec. Sec. 6007(f)(4), 6009(d), 6012(b)(2), (4), 6019(c), 
            6023(22), 112 Stat. 696, 776, 777, 778, 781, 810, 812, 819, 
            823, 826; Oct. 21, 1998, Pub. L. 105-277, Div. J, Title I, 
            Sec. 1006, Title IV, Sec. Sec. 4002(a), (h), 4006(a), 112 
            Stat. 2681-900, 2681-906, 2681-907, 2681-912; Dec. 17, 1999, 
            Pub. L. 106-170, Title V, Sec. 521(a)(1), 113 Stat. 1925.)

                                    * * * * * * *

      475.5  Sec. 6104. Publicity of information required from certain 
                exempt organizations and certain trusts.

  

      475.6  (a) Inspection of applications for tax exemption.
                (1) Public inspection.--
                            (A) Organizations described in section 
                        501.--If an organization described in section 
                        501 (c) or (d) is exempt from taxation under 
                        section 501(a) for any taxable year, the 
                        application filed by the organization with 
                        respect to which the Secretary made his 
                        determination that such organization was 
                        entitled to exemption under section 501(a), 
                        together with any papers submitted in support of 
                        such application, and any letter or other 
                        document issued by the Internal Revenue Service 
                        with respect to such application shall be open 
                        to public inspection at the national office of 
                        the Internal Revenue Service. In the case of any 
                        application filed after the date of the 
                        enactment of this subparagraph, a copy of such 
                        application and such letter or document shall be 
                        open to public inspection at the appropriate 
                        field office of the Internal Revenue Service 
                        (determined under regulations prescribed by the 
                        Secretary). Any inspection under this 
                        subparagraph may be made at such times, and in 
                        such manner, as the Secretary shall by 
                        regulations prescribe. After the application of 
                        any organization has been opened to public 
                        inspection under this subparagraph, the 
                        Secretary shall, on the request of any person 
                        with respect to such organization, furnish a 
                        statement indicating the subsection and 
                        paragraph of section 501 which it has been 
                        determined describes such organization.
                            (B) Pension, etc., plans.--The following 
                        shall be open to public inspection at such times 
                        and in such places as the Secretary may 
                        prescribe:

                                (i) any application filed with respect 
                            to the qualification of a pension, profit-
                            sharing, or stock bonus plan under section 
                            401(a) or 403(a), an individual retirement 
                            account described in section 408(a), or an 
                            individual retirement annuity described in 
                            section 408(b),

                                (ii) any application filed with respect 
                            to the exemption from tax under section 
                            501(a) of an organization forming part of a 
                            plan or account referred to in clause (i),

                                (iii) any papers submitted in support of 
                            an application referred to in clause (i) or 
                            (ii), and

                                (iv) any letter or other document issued 
                            by the Internal Revenue Service and dealing 
                            with the qualification referred to in clause 
                            (i) or the exemption from tax referred to in 
                            clause (ii).

            Except in the case of a plan participant, this subparagraph 
            shall not apply to any plan referred to in clause (i) having 
            not more than 25 participants.

                            (C) Certain names and compensation not to be 
                        open to public inspection.--In the case of any 
                        application, document, or other papers, referred 
                        to in subparagraph (B), information from which 
                        the compensation (including deferred 
                        compensation) of any individual may be 
                        ascertained shall not be opened to public 
                        inspection under subparagraph (B).
                            (D) Withholding of certain other 
                        information.--Upon request of the organization 
                        submitting any supporting papers described in 
                        subparagraph (A) or (B), the Secretary shall 
                        withhold from public inspection any information 
                        contained therein which he determines relates to 
                        any trade secret, patent, process, style of 
                        work, or apparatus, of the organization, if he 
                        determines that public disclosure of such 
                        information would adversely affect the 
                        organization. The Secretary shall withhold from 
                        public inspection any information contained in 
                        supporting papers described in subparagraph (A) 
                        or (B) the public disclosure of which he 
                        determines would adversely affect the national 
                        defense.
                (2) Inspection by committee of Congress.--Section 
            6103(f) shall apply with respect to--
                            (A) the application for exemption of any 
                        organization described in section 501(c) or (d) 
                        which is exempt from taxation under section 
                        501(a) for any taxable year, and any application 
                        referred to in subparagraph (B) of subsection 
                        (a)(1) of this section, and
                            (B) any other papers which are in the 
                        possession of the Secretary and which relate to 
                        such application,

            as if such papers constituted returns. (Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. 
            L. 85-866, Sec. 75(a) 72 Stat. 1660; Sept. 2, 1974, Pub. L. 
            93-406, Sec. 1022(g)(1), (2), 88 Stat. 940; Oct. 4, 1976, 
            Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. Sec. 1201(d), 1906(b)(13)(A), 90 Stat. 
            1667, 1834; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95-600, Sec. 703(m), 92 
            Stat. 2943; July 18, 1984, Pub. L. 98-369 Sec. 491(d)(49), 
            98 Stat. 852.)

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
            Chapter 78.--DISCOVERY OF LIABILITY AND ENFORCEMENT OF TITLE

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
                      Subchapter A.--Examination and Inspection

                                    * * * * * * *

  

   475.6-1
   475.6-1  Sec. 7608. Authority of internal revenue enforcement 
                officers.

                                    * * * * * * *

  

   475.6-2
   475.6-2  (c) Rules relating to undercover operations.

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            (4) Audits.--
                (A) The Service shall conduct a detailed financial audit 
            of each undercover investigative operation which is closed 
            in each fiscal year; and
                            (i) submit the results of the audit in 
                        writing to the Secretary; and
                            (ii) not later than 180 days after such 
                        undercover operation is closed, submit a report 
                        to the Congress concerning such audit.
                (B) The Service shall also submit a report annually to 
            the Congress specifying as to its undercover investigative 
            operations--
                            (i) the number, by programs, of undercover 
                        investigative operations pending as of the end 
                        of the 1-year period for which such report is 
                        submitted;
                            (ii) the number, by programs, of undercover 
                        investigative operations commenced in the 1-year 
                        period for which such report is submitted;
                            (iii) the number, by programs, of undercover 
                        investigative operations closed in the 1-year 
                        period for which such report is submitted; and
                            (iv) the following information with respect 
                        to each undercover investigative operation 
                        pending as of the end of the 1-year period for 
                        which such report is submitted or closed during 
                        such 1-year period--

                                (I) the date the operation began and the 
                            date of the certification referred to in the 
                            last sentence of paragraph (1),

                                (II) the total expenditures under the 
                            operation and the amount and use of the 
                            proceeds from the operation,

                                (III) a detailed description of the 
                            operation including the potential violation 
                            being investigated and whether the operation 
                            is being conducted under grand jury 
                            auspices, and

                                (IV) the results of the operation 
                            including the results of criminal 
                            proceedings.

            (Nov. 18, 1988, Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 7601(c)(2), 102 Stat. 
            4504; July 30, 1996, Pub. L. 104-168, Sec. 1205(c)(1), 110 
            Stat. 1471.)

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
                              Chapter 79.--DEFINITIONS

      475.7  Sec. 7701. Definitions.

                                    * * * * * * *

  

      475.8  (j) Tax treatment of Federal Thrift Savings Fund.
                (1) In general.--For purposes of this title--
                            (A) the Thrift Savings Fund shall be treated 
                        as a trust described in section 401(a) which is 
                        exempt from taxation under section 501(a);
                            (B) any contribution to, or distribution 
                        from, the Thrift Savings Fund shall be treated 
                        in the same manner as contributions to or 
                        distributions from such a trust; and
                            (C) subject to section 401(k)(4)(B) and any 
                        dollar limitation on the application of section 
                        402(e)(3), contributions to the Thrift Savings 
                        Fund shall not be treated as distributed or made 
                        available to an employee or Member nor as a 
                        contribution made to the Fund by an employee or 
                        Member merely because the employee or Member 
                        has, under the provisions of subchapter III of 
                        chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, and 
                        section 8351 of such title 5, an election 
                        whether the contribution will be made to the 
                        Thrift Savings Fund or received by the employee 
                        or Member in cash.
                (2) Nondiscrimination requirements.--Notwithstanding any 
            other provision of the law, the Thrift Savings Fund is not 
            subject to the nondiscrimination requirements applicable to 
            arrangements described in section 401(k) or to matching 
            contributions (as described in section 401(m)), so long as 
            it meets the requirements of this section.
                (3) Coordination with Social Security Act.--Paragraph 
            (1) shall not be construed to provide that any amount of the 
            employee's or Member's basic pay which is contributed to the 
            Thrift Savings Fund shall not be included in the term 
            ``wages'' for the purposes of section 209 of the Social 
            Security Act or section 3121(a) of this title.
                (4) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection, the 
            terms ``Member'', ``employee'', and ``Thrift Savings Fund'' 
            shall have the same respective meanings as when used in 
            subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code.
                (5) Coordination with other provisions of law.--No 
            provision of law not contained in this title shall apply for 
            purposes of determining the treatment under this title of 
            the Thrift Savings Fund or any contribution to, or 
            distribution from, such Fund. (Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99-
            514, Sec. 1147(a), 100 Stat. 2493; Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 
            100-202, Sec. 624(a), 101 Stat. 1329-429; Nov. 10, 1988, 
            Pub. L. 100-647, Sec. 1011A(m)(1), 102 Stat. 3483; Nov. 5, 
            1990, Pub. L. 101-508, Sec. 11704(a)(34), 104 Stat. 1388-
            519; July 3, 1992, Pub. L. 102-318, Sec. 521(b)(43), 106 
            Stat. 313.)

                                    * * * * * * *

  

      475.9  (k) Treatment of certain amounts paid to charity.
                In the case of any payment which, except for section 
            501(b) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, might be 
            made to any officer or employee of the Federal Government 
            but which is made instead on behalf of such officer or 
            employee to an organization described in section 170(c)--
                            (1) such payment shall not be treated as 
                        received by such officer or employee for all 
                        purposes of this title and for all purposes of 
                        any tax law of a State or political subdivision 
                        thereof, and
                            (2) no deduction shall be allowed under any 
                        provision of this title (or of any law of a 
                        State or political subdivision thereof) to such 
                        officer or employee by reason of having such 
                        payment made to such organization.

            For purposes of this subsection, a Senator, a Representative 
            in, or a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress 
            shall be treated as an officer or employee of the Federal 
            Government. (Nov. 30, 1989, Pub. L. 101-194, Sec. 602, 103 
            Stat. 1762; Aug. 14, 1991, Pub. L. 102-90, Sec. 314(e), 103 
            Stat. 469-470.)

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
                             Chapter 80.--GENERAL RULES

                                    * * * * * * *

  

            
                 Subchapter A.--Application of Internal Revenue Laws

                                    * * * * * * *

  

     475.10  Sec. 7802. Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board.

                                    * * * * * * *

  

     475.11  (d) Specific responsibilities.

                                    * * * * * * *

  

                (4) Budget.--To--
                            (A) review and approve the budget request of 
                        the Internal Revenue Service prepared by the 
                        Commissioner;
                            (B) submit such budget request to the 
                        Secretary of the Treasury; and
                            (C) ensure that the budget request supports 
                        the annual and long-range strategic plans.

                                    * * * * * * *

            The Secretary shall submit the budget request referred to in 
            paragraph (4)(B) for any fiscal year to the President who 
            shall submit such request, without revision, to Congress 
            together with the President's annual budget request for the 
            Internal Revenue Service for such fiscal year.

                                    * * * * * * *

     475.12  (f) Administrative matters.

                                    * * * * * * *

                (3) Reports.--
                            (A) Annual.--The Oversight Board shall each 
                        year report with respect to the conduct of its 
                        responsibilities under this title to the 
                        President, the Committees on Ways and Means, 
                        Government Reform and Oversight, and 
                        Appropriations of the House of Representatives 
                        and the Committees on Finance, Governmental 
                        Affairs, and Appropriations of the Senate.
                            (B) Additional report.--Upon a determination 
                        by the Oversight Board under subsection 
                        (c)(1)(B) that the organization and operation of 
                        the Internal Revenue Service are not allowing it 
                        to carry out its mission, the Oversight Board 
                        shall report such determination to the Committee 
                        on Ways and Means of the House of 
                        Representatives and the Committee on Finance of 
                        the Senate. (July 22, 1998, Pub. L. 105-206, 
                        Sec. 1101(a), 112 Stat. 691.)

                                    * * * * * * *

     475.13  Sec. 7803. Commissioner of Internal Revenue; other 
                officials.

                                    * * * * * * *

     475.14  (c) Office of the Taxpayer Advocate.

                                    * * * * * * *

                (2) Functions of office.

                                    * * * * * * *

                (B) Annual reports.--
                            (i) Objectives.--Not later than June 30 of 
                        each calendar year, the National Taxpayer 
                        Advocate shall report to the Committee on Ways 
                        and Means of the House of Representatives and 
                        the Committee on Finance of the Senate on the 
                        objectives of the Office of the Taxpayer 
                        Advocate for the fiscal year beginning in such 
                        calendar year. Any such report shall contain 
                        full and substantive analysis, in addition to 
                        statistical information.
                            (ii) Activities.--Not later than December 31 
                        of each calendar year, the National Taxpayer 
                        Advocate shall report to the Committee on Ways 
                        and Means of the House of Representatives and 
                        the Committee on Finance of the Senate on the 
                        activities of the Office of the Taxpayer 
                        Advocate during the fiscal year ending during 
                        such calendar year. (July 22, 1998, Pub. L. 105-
                        206, Sec. 1102(a), 112 Stat. 697.)

                                    * * * * * * *

     475.15  Sec. 7805. Rules and regulations.

                                    * * * * * * *

     475.16  (b) Retroactivity of regulations.

                                    * * * * * * *

                (6) Congressional authorization.--The limitation of 
            paragraph (1) may be superseded by a legislative grant from 
            Congress authorizing the Secretary to prescribe the 
            effective date with respect to any regulation. (July 30, 
            1996, Pub. L. 104-168, Sec. 1101(a), 110 Stat. 1468.)

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                    SUBTITLE G.--THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION

            
               Chapter 91.--ORGANIZATION AND MEMBERSHIP OF THE JOINT 
                                     COMMITTEE

        476  Sec. 8001. Authorization.
                There shall be a joint congressional committee known as 
            the Joint Committee on Taxation (hereinafter in this 
            subtitle referred to as the ``Joint Committee''). (Aug. 16, 
            1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 925; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94-455, 
            Sec. 1907(a)(1), 90 Stat. 1835.)
      476.1  Sec. 8002. Membership.

  

      476.2  (a) Number and selection.
                The Joint Committee shall be composed of 10 members as 
            follows:
                (1) From Committee on Finance.--Five members who are 
            members of the Committee on Finance of the Senate, three 
            from the majority and two from the minority party, to be 
            chosen by such Committee; and
                (2) From Committee on Ways and Means.--Five members who 
            are members of the Committee on Ways and Means of the House 
            of Representatives, three from the majority and two from the 
            minority party, to be chosen by such Committee.
      476.3  (b) Tenure of office.
                (1) General limitation.--No person shall continue to 
            serve as a member of the Joint Committee after he has ceased 
            to be a member of the committee by which he was chosen, 
            except that--
                (2) Exception.--The members chosen by the Committee on 
            Ways and Means who have been reelected to the House of 
            Representatives may continue to serve as members of the 
            Joint Committee notwithstanding the expiration of the 
            Congress.
      476.4  (c) Vacancies.
                A vacancy in the Joint Committee--
                            (1) Effect.--Shall not affect the power of 
                        the remaining members to execute the functions 
                        of the Joint Committee; and
                            (2) Manner of filling.--Shall be filled in 
                        the same manner as the original selection, 
                        except that--

                                (A) Adjournment or recess of Congress.--
                            In case of a vacancy during an adjournment 
                            or recess of Congress for a period of more 
                            than 2 weeks, the members of the Joint 
                            Committee who are members of the Committee 
                            entitled to fill such vacancy may designate 
                            a member of such Committee to serve until 
                            his successor is chosen by such Committee; 
                            and

                                (B) Expiration of Congress.--In the case 
                            of a vacancy after the expiration of a 
                            Congress which would be filled by the 
                            Committee on Ways and Means, the members of 
                            such Committee who are continuing to serve 
                            as members of the Joint Committee may 
                            designate a person who, immediately prior to 
                            such expiration, was a member of such 
                            Committee and who is reelected to the House 
                            of Representatives, to serve until his 
                            successor is chosen by such Committee.

      476.5  (d) Allowances.
                The members shall serve without compensation in addition 
            to that received for their services as members of Congress; 
            but they shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and 
            other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance 
            of the duties vested in the Joint Committee, other than 
            expenses in connection with meetings of the Joint Committee 
            held in the District of Columbia during such times as the 
            Congress is in session. (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 
            925.)
      476.6  Sec. 8003. Election of chairman and vice chairman.
                The Joint Committee shall elect a chairman and vice 
            chairman from among its members. (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 
            68A Stat. 926.)
      476.7  Sec. 8004. Appointment and compensation of staff.
                Except as otherwise provided by law, the Joint Committee 
            shall have power to appoint and fix the compensation of the 
            Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee and such experts and 
            clerical, stenographic, and other assistants as it deems 
            advisable. (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 926; Oct. 4, 
            1976, Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. 1907(a)(2), 90 Stat. 1835.)
      476.8  Sec. 8005. Payment of expenses.
                The expenses of the Joint Committee shall be paid one-
            half from the contingent fund of the Senate and one-half 
            from the contingent fund of the House of Representatives, 
            upon vouchers signed by the chairman or the vice chairman. 
            (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 926.)

            
                Chapter 92.--POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE

        477  Sec. 8021. Powers.

  

      477.1  (a) To obtain data and inspect income returns.
                            For powers of the Joint Committee to obtain 
                        and inspect income returns, see section 6103(f).
      477.2  (b) Relating to hearings and sessions.
                The Joint Committee, or any subcommittee thereof, is 
            authorized--
                            (1) To hold.--To hold hearings and to sit 
                        and act at such places and times;
                            (2) To require attendance of witnesses and 
                        production of books.--To require by subpoena (to 
                        be issued under the signature of the chairman or 
                        vice chairman) or otherwise the attendance of 
                        such witnesses and the production of such books, 
                        papers, and documents;
                            (3) To administer oaths.--To administer such 
                        oaths; and
                            (4) To take testimony.--To take such 
                        testimony;

            as it deems advisable.

      477.3  (c) To procure printing and binding.
                The Joint Committee, or any subcommittee thereof, is 
            authorized to have such printing and binding done as it 
            deems advisable.
      477.4  (d) To make expenditures.
                The Joint Committee, or any subcommittee thereof, is 
            authorized to make such expenditures as it deems advisable.
            (e) Investigations.--
                The Joint Committee shall review all requests (other 
            than requests by the chairman or ranking member of a 
            committee or subcommittee) for investigations of the 
            Internal Revenue Service by the General Accounting Office, 
            and approve such requests when appropriate, with a view 
            towards eliminating overlapping investigations, ensuring 
            that the General Accounting Office has the capacity to 
            handle the investigation, and ensuring that investigations 
            focus on areas of primary importance to tax administration.
            (f) Relating to Joint Reviews.
                            (1) In general.--The Chief of Staff, and the 
                        staff of the Joint Committee, shall provide such 
                        assistance as is required for joint reviews 
                        described in paragraph (2).
                            (2) Joint reviews.--Before June 1 of each 
                        calendar year after 1998 and before 2004, there 
                        shall be a joint review of the strategic plans 
                        and budget for the Internal Revenue Service and 
                        such other matters as the Chairman of the Joint 
                        Committee deems appropriate. Such joint review 
                        shall be held at the call of the Chairman of the 
                        Joint Committee and shall include two members of 
                        the majority and one member of the minority from 
                        each of the Committees on Finance, 
                        Appropriations, and Governmental Affairs of the 
                        Senate, and the Committees on Ways and Means, 
                        Appropriations, and Government Reform and 
                        Oversight of the House of Representatives.

            (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 927; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. 
            L. 94-455, Sec. 1907(a)(3), 90 Stat. 1835; Nov. 10, 1988, 
            Pub. L. 100-647, Sec. 1018(s)(1), 102 Stat. 3586; July 22, 
            1998, Pub. L. 105-206, Sec. 4001(a), 112 Stat. 783.)

      477.5  Sec. 8022. Duties.
                It shall be the duty of the Joint Committee--
      477.6      (1) Investigation.--
                            (A) Operation and effects of law.--To 
                        investigate the operation and effects of the 
                        Federal system of internal revenue taxes;
                            (B) Administration.--To investigate the 
                        administration of such taxes by the Internal 
                        Revenue Service or any executive department, 
                        establishment, or agency charged with their 
                        administration; and
                            (C) Other investigations.--To make such 
                        other investigations in respect of such system 
                        of taxes as the Joint Committee may deem 
                        necessary.
      477.7      (2) Simplification of law.--
                            (A) Investigation of methods.--To 
                        investigate measures and methods for the 
                        simplification of such taxes, particularly the 
                        income tax; and
                            (B) Publication of proposals.--To publish, 
                        from time to time, for public examination and 
                        analysis, proposed measures and methods for the 
                        simplification of such taxes.
      477.8      (3) Reports.--
                            (A) To report, from time to time, to the 
                        Committee on Finance and the Committee on Ways 
                        and Means, and, in its discretion, to the Senate 
                        or House of Representatives, or both, the 
                        results of its investigations, together with 
                        such recommendations as it may deem advisable.
                            (B) Subject to amounts specifically 
                        appropriated to carry out this subparagraph, to 
                        report, at least once each Congress, to the 
                        Committee on Finance and the Committee on Ways 
                        and Means on the overall state of the Federal 
                        tax system, together with recommendations with 
                        respect to possible simplification proposals and 
                        other matters relating to the administration of 
                        the Federal tax system as it may deem advisable.
                            (C) To report, for each calendar year after 
                        1998 and before 2004, to the Committees on 
                        Finance, Appropriations, and Governmental 
                        Affairs of the Senate, and to the Committees on 
                        Ways and Means, Appropriations, and Government 
                        Reform and Oversight of the House of 
                        Representatives, with respect to--

                                (i) strategic and business plans for the 
                            Internal Revenue Service;

                                (ii) progress of the Internal Revenue 
                            Service in meeting its objectives;

                                (iii) the budget for the Internal 
                            Revenue Service and whether it supports its 
                            objectives;

                                (iv) progress of the Internal Revenue 
                            Service in improving taxpayer service and 
                            compliance;

                                (v) progress of the Internal Revenue 
                            Service on technology modernization; and

                                (vi) the annual filing season.

      477.9      (4) Cross reference.--
                            For duties of the Joint Committee relating 
                        to refunds of income and estate taxes, see 
                        section 6405. (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 
                        927; July 22, 1998, Pub. L. 105-206, 
                        Sec. 4002(a), 112 Stat. 784.)
        478  Sec. 8023. Additional powers to obtain data.

  

      478.1  (a) Securing of data.
                The Joint Committee or the Chief of Staff of the Joint 
            Committee, upon approval of the Chairman or Vice Chairman, 
            is authorized to secure directly from the Internal Revenue 
            Service or the office of the Chief Counsel for the Internal 
            Revenue Service, or directly from any executive department, 
            board, bureau, agency, independent establishment, or 
            instrumentality of the Government, information, suggestions, 
            rulings, data, estimates, and statistics, for the purpose of 
            making investigations, reports, and studies relating to 
            internal revenue taxation. In the investigation by the Joint 
            Committee on Taxation of the administration of the internal 
            revenue taxes by the Internal Revenue Service, the Chief of 
            Staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation is authorized to 
            secure directly from the Internal Revenue Service such tax 
            returns, or copies of tax returns, and other relevant 
            information, as the Chief of Staff deems necessary for such 
            investigation, and the Internal Revenue Service is 
            authorized and directed to furnish such tax returns and 
            information to the Chief of Staff together with a brief 
            report, with respect to each return, as to any action taken 
            or proposed to be taken by the Service as a result of any 
            audit of the return.
      478.2  (b) Furnishing of data.
                The Internal Revenue Service, the office of the Chief 
            Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service, executive 
            departments, boards, bureaus, agencies, independent 
            establishments, and instrumentalities are authorized and 
            directed to furnish such information, suggestions, rulings, 
            data, estimates, and statistics directly to the Joint 
            Committee or to the Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee, 
            upon request made pursuant to this section.
      478.3  (c) Application of subsections (a) and (b).
                Subsections (a) and (b) shall be applied in accordance 
            with their provisions without regard to any reorganization 
            plan becoming effective on, before, or after the date of the 
            enactment of this subsection. (Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A 
            Stat. 928; Sept. 22, 1959, Pub. L. 86-368, Sec. 2(b), 73 
            Stat. 648; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. Sec. 1210(c), 
            1907(a)(4), 90 Stat. 1711, 1835.)

                                    * * * * * * *

            
              SUBTITLE H.--FINANCING OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS

            
                  Chapter 95.--PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUND

                                    * * * * * * *

      478.5  Sec. 9009. Reports to Congress; regulations.

  

      478.6  (a) Reports.
                The Commission shall, as soon as practicable after each 
            presidential election, submit a full report to the Senate 
            and House of Representatives setting forth--
                            (1) the qualified campaign expenses (shown 
                        in such detail as the Commission determines 
                        necessary) incurred by the candidates of each 
                        political party and their authorized committees;
                            (2) the amounts certified by it under 
                        section 9005 for payment to the eligible 
                        candidates for each political party;
                            (3) the amount of payments, if any, required 
                        from such candidates under section 9007, and the 
                        reasons for each payment required;
                            (4) the expensees incurred by the national 
                        committee of a major party or minor party with 
                        respect to a presidential nominating convention;
                            (5) the amounts certified by it under 
                        section 9008(g) for payment to each such 
                        committee; and
                            (6) the amount of payments, if any, required 
                        from such committees under section 9008(h), and 
                        the reasons for each such payment.

            Each report submitted pursuant to this section shall be 
            printed as a Senate document.

      478.7  (b) Regulations, etc.
                The Commission is authorized to prescribe such rules and 
            regulations in accordance with the provisions of subsection 
            (c), to conduct such examinations and audits (in addition to 
            the examinations and audits required by section 9007(a)), to 
            conduct such investigations, and to require the keeping and 
            submission of such books, records, and information, as it 
            deems necessary to carry out the functions and duties 
            imposed on it by this chapter.
      478.8   (c) Review of regulations.
                (1) The Commission, before prescribing any rule or 
            regulation under subsection (b), shall transmit a statement 
            with respect to such rule or regulation to the Senate and to 
            the House of Representatives, in accordance with the 
            provisions of this subsection. Such statement shall set 
            forth the proposed rule or regulation and shall contain a 
            detailed explanation and justification of such rule or 
            regulation.
                (2) If either such House does not, through appropriate 
            action, disapprove the proposed rule or regulation set forth 
            in such statement no later than 30 legislative days after 
            receipt of such statement, then the Commission may prescribe 
            such rule or regulation. Whenever a committee of the House 
            of Representatives reports any resolution relating to any 
            such rule or regulation, it is at any time thereafter in 
            order (even though a previous motion to the same effect has 
            been disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration 
            of the resolution. The motion is highly privileged and is 
            not debatable. An amendment to the motion is not in order, 
            and it is not in order to move to reconsider the vote by 
            which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to. The 
            Commission may not prescribe any rule or regulation which is 
            disapproved by either such House under this paragraph.
                (3) For purposes of this subsection, the term 
            ``legislative days'' does not include any calendar day on 
            which both Houses of the Congress are not in session.
                (4) For purposes of this subsection, the term ``rule or 
            regulation'' means a provision or series of interrelated 
            provisions stating a single separable rule of law. (Dec. 10, 
            1971, Pub. L. 92-178, Sec. 801, 85 Stat. 569; Oct. 15, 1974, 
            Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. Sec. 404(c)(12), (13), 406(b), 88 Stat. 
            1292, 1296; May 11, 1976, Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 304(a), 90 
            Stat. 498.)

                                    * * * * * * *

            
             Chapter 96.--PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY MATCHING PAYMENT ACCOUNT

                                    * * * * * * *

     478.10  Sec. 9039. Reports to Congress; regulations.

  

     478.11  (a) Reports.
                The Commission shall, as soon as practicable after each 
            matching payment period, submit a full report to the Senate 
            and House of Representatives setting forth--
                            (1) the qualified campaign expenses (shown 
                        in such detail as the Commission determines 
                        necessary) incurred by the candidates of each 
                        political party and their authorized committees,
                            (2) the amounts certified by it under 
                        section 9036 for payment to each eligible 
                        candidate, and
                            (3) the amount of payments, if any, required 
                        from candidates under section 9038, and the 
                        reasons for each payment required.

            Each report submitted pursuant to this section shall be 
            printed as a Senate document.

     478.12  (b) Regulations, etc.
                The Commission is authorized to prescribe rules and 
            regulations in accordance with the provisions of subsection 
            (c), to conduct examinations and audits (in addition to the 
            examinations and audits required by section 9038(a)), to 
            conduct investigations, and to require the keeping and 
            submission of any books, records, and information, which it 
            determines to be necessary to carry out its responsibilities 
            under this chapter.
     478.13  (c) Review of regulations.
                (1) The Commission, before prescribing any rule or 
            regulation under subsection (b), shall transmit a statement 
            with respect to such rule or regulation to the Senate and to 
            the House of Representatives, in accordance with the 
            provisions of this subsection. Such statement shall set 
            forth the proposed rule or regulation and shall contain a 
            detailed explanation and justification of such rule or 
            regulation.
                (2) If either such House does not, through appropriate 
            action, disapprove the proposed rule or regulation set forth 
            in such statement no later than 30 legislative days after 
            receipt of such statement, then the Commission may prescribe 
            such rule or regulation. Whenever a committee of the House 
            of Representatives reports any resolution relating to any 
            such rule or regulation, it is at any time thereafter in 
            order (even though a previous motion to the same effect has 
            been disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration 
            of the resolution. The motion is highly privileged and is 
            not debatable. An amendment to the motion is not in order, 
            and it is not in order to move to reconsider the vote by 
            which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to. The 
            Commission may not prescribe any rule or regulation which is 
            disapproved by either such House under this paragraph.
                (3) For purposes of this subsection, the term 
            ``legislative days'' does not include any calendar day on 
            which both Houses of the Congress are not in session.
                (4) For purposes of this subsection, the term ``rule or 
            regulation'' means a provision or series of interrelated 
            provisions stating a single separable rule of law. (Oct. 15, 
            1974, Pub. L. 93-443, Sec. 408(c), 88 Stat. 1301; May 11, 
            1976, Pub. L. 94-283, Sec. 304(b), 90 Stat. 499.)

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                            SUBTITLE I.--TRUST FUND CODE

            
                            Chapter 98.--TRUST FUND CODE

                                    * * * * * * *

            
                          Subchapter B.--General Provisions

                                    * * * * * * *

     478.14  Sec. 9602. Management of trust funds.

  

     478.15  (a) Report.
                It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to 
            hold each Trust Fund established by subchapter A, and (after 
            consultation with any other trustees of the Trust Fund) to 
            report to the Congress each year on the financial condition 
            and the results of the operations of each such Trust Fund 
            during the preceding fiscal year and on its expected 
            condition and operations during the next 5 fiscal years. 
            Such report shall be printed as a House document of the 
            session of the Congress to which the report is made. (Dec. 
            29, 1981, Pub. L. 97-119, Sec. 103(a), 95 Stat. 1638.)
                     28 u.s.c.--judiciary and judicial procedure

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                     TITLE 28.--JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE

            
                          Chapter 39.--INDEPENDENT COUNSEL

        479  NOTE: Chapter expired June 30, 1999.

  

      479.1  Sec. 596. Removal of an independent counsel; termination of 
                office.
                (a) Removal; Report on Removal.--
                            (1) Grounds for removal.--An independent 
                        counsel appointed under this chapter may be 
                        removed from office, other than by impeachment 
                        and conviction, only by the personal action of 
                        the Attorney General and only for good cause, 
                        physical disability, mental incapacity, or any 
                        other condition that substantially impairs the 
                        performance of such independent counsel's 
                        duties.
                            (2) Report to division of the court and 
                        congress.--If an independent counsel is removed 
                        from office, the Attorney General shall promptly 
                        submit to the division of the court and the 
                        Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and 
                        the House of Representatives a report specifying 
                        the facts found and the ultimate grounds for 
                        such removal. The committees shall make 
                        available to the public such report, except that 
                        each committee may, if necessary to protect the 
                        rights of any individual named in the report or 
                        to prevent undue interference with any pending 
                        prosecution, postpone or refrain from publishing 
                        any or all of the report. The division of the 
                        court may release any or all of such report in 
                        accordance with section 594(h)(2).
                            (3) Judicial review of removal.--An 
                        independent counsel removed from office may 
                        obtain judicial review of the removal in a civil 
                        action commenced in the United States District 
                        Court for the District of Columbia. A member of 
                        the division of the court may not hear or 
                        determine any such civil action or any appeal of 
                        a decision in any such civil action. The 
                        independent counsel may be reinstated or granted 
                        other appropriate relief by order of the court.
                (b) Termination of Office.--
                            (1) Termination by action of independent 
                        counsel.--An office of independent counsel shall 
                        terminate when--

                                (A) the independent counsel notifies the 
                            Attorney General that the investigation of 
                            all matters within the prosecutorial 
                            jurisdiction of such independent counsel or 
                            accepted by such independent counsel under 
                            section 594(e), and any resulting 
                            prosecutions, have been completed or so 
                            substantially completed that it would be 
                            appropriate for the Department of Justice to 
                            complete such investigations and 
                            prosecutions; and

                                (B) the independent counsel files a 
                            final report in compliance with section 
                            594(h)(1)(B).

                            (2) Termination by division of the court.--
                        The division of the court, either on its own 
                        motion or upon the request of the Attorney 
                        General, may terminate an office of independent 
                        counsel at any time, on the ground that the 
                        investigation of all matters within the 
                        prosecutorial jurisdiction of such independent 
                        counsel or accepted by such independent counsel 
                        under section 594(e), and any resulting 
                        prosecutions, have been completed or so 
                        substantially completed that it would be 
                        appropriate for the Department of Justice to 
                        complete such investigations and prosecutions. 
                        At the same time of such termination, the 
                        independent counsel shall file the final report 
                        required by section 594(h)(1)(B). If the 
                        Attorney General has not made a request under 
                        this paragraph, the division of the court shall 
                        determine on its own motion whether termination 
                        is appropriate under this paragraph no later 
                        than 2 years after the appointment of an 
                        independent counsel, at the end of the 
                        succeeding 2-year period, and thereafter at the 
                        end of each succeeding 1-year period.
                (c) Audits.--(1) On or before June 30 of each year, an 
            independent counsel shall prepare a statement of 
            expenditures for the 6 months that ended on the immediately 
            preceding March 31. On or before December 31 of each year, 
            an independent counsel shall prepare a statement of 
            expenditures for the fiscal year that ended on the 
            immediately preceding September 30. An independent counsel 
            whose office is terminated prior to the end of the fiscal 
            year shall prepare a statement of expenditures on or before 
            the date that is 90 days after the date on which the office 
            is terminated.
                            (2) The Comptroller General shall--

                                (A) conduct a financial review of a mid-
                            year statement and a financial audit of a 
                            year-end statement and statement on 
                            termination; and

                                (B) report the results to the Committee 
                            on the Judiciary, Committee on Governmental 
                            Affairs, and Committee on Appropriations of 
                            the Senate and the Committee on the 
                            Judiciary, Committee on Government 
                            Operations, and Committee on Appropriations 
                            of the House of Representatives not later 
                            than 90 days following the submission of 
                            each such statement. (Added Oct. 26, 1978, 
                            Pub. L. 95-521, Title VI, Sec. 601(a), 92 
                            Stat. 1872; Jan. 3, 1983, Pub. L. 97-409, 
                            Sec. 2; Dec. 15, 1987, Pub. L. 100-191, 
                            Sec. 2, 101 Stat. 1304; June 30, 1994, Pub. 
                            L. 103-270, 108 Stat. 735.)

            
                     Chapter 85.--DISTRICT COURTS; JURISDICTION

      479.2  Sec. 1365. Senate actions.
                (a) The United States District Court for the District of 
            Columbia shall have original jurisdiction, without regard to 
            the amount in controversy, over any civil action brought by 
            the Senate or any authorized committee or subcommittee of 
            the Senate to enforce, to secure a declaratory judgment 
            concerning the validity of, or to prevent a threatened 
            refusal or failure to comply with, any subpena or order 
            issued by the Senate or committee or subcommittee of the 
            Senate to any entity acting or purporting to act under color 
            or authority of State law or to any natural person to secure 
            the production of documents or other materials of any kind 
            or the answering of any deposition or interrogatory or to 
            secure testimony or any combination thereof. This section 
            shall not apply to an action to enforce, to secure a 
            declaratory judgment concerning the validity of, or to 
            prevent a threatened refusal to comply with, any subpena or 
            order issued to an officer or employee of the executive 
            branch of the Federal Government acting within his or her 
            official capacity, except that this section shall apply if 
            the refusal to comply is based on the assertion of a 
            personal privilege or objection and is not based on a 
            governmental privilege or objection the assertion of which 
            has been authorized by the executive branch of the Federal 
            Government.
                (b) Upon application by the Senate or any authorized 
            committee or subcommittee of the Senate, the district court 
            shall issue an order to an entity or person refusing, or 
            failing to comply with, or threatening to refuse or not to 
            comply with, a subpena or order of the Senate or committee 
            or subcommittee of the Senate requiring such entity or 
            person to comply forthwith. Any refusal or failure to obey a 
            lawful order of the district court issued pursuant to this 
            section may be held by such court to be a contempt thereof. 
            A contempt proceeding shall be commenced by an order to show 
            cause before the court why the entity or person refusing or 
            failing to obey the court order should not be held in 
            contempt of court. Such contempt proceeding shall be tried 
            by the court and shall be summary in manner. The purpose of 
            sanctions imposed as a result of such contempt proceeding 
            shall be to compel obedience to the order of the court. 
            Process in any such action or contempt proceeding may be 
            served in any judicial district wherein the entity or party 
            refusing, or failing to comply, or threatening to refuse or 
            not to comply, resides, transacts business, or may be found, 
            and subpenas for witnesses who are required to attend such 
            proceeding may run into any other district. Nothing in this 
            section shall confer upon such court jurisdiction to affect 
            by injunction or otherwise the issuance or effect of any 
            subpena or order of the Senate or any committee or 
            subcommittee of the Senate or to review, modify, suspend, 
            terminate, or set aside any such subpena or order. An 
            action, contempt proceeding, or sanction brought or imposed 
            pursuant to this section shall not abate upon adjournment 
            sine die by the Senate at the end of a Congress if the 
            Senate or the committee or subcommittee of the Senate which 
            issued the subpena or order certifies to the court that it 
            maintains its interest in securing the documents, answers, 
            or testimony during such adjournment.
                [(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 98-620, Title IV, 
            Sec. 402(29)(D), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3359]
                (d) The Senate or any committee or subcommittee of the 
            Senate commencing and prosecuting a civil action or contempt 
            proceeding under this section may be represented in such 
            action by such attorneys as the Senate may designate.
                (e) A civil action commenced or prosecuted under this 
            section, may not be authorized pursuant to the Standing 
            Order of the Senate ``authorizing suits by Senate 
            Committees'' (S. Jour. 572, May 28, 1928).
                (f) For the purposes of this section the term 
            ``committee'' includes standing, select, or special 
            committees of the Senate established by law or resolution.

            (Added Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII, Sec. 705(f)(1), Oct. 26, 
            1978, 92 Stat. 1879, Sec. 1364, and amended Pub. L. 98-620, 
            Title IV, Sec. 402(29)(D), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3359; 
            renumbered Sec. 1365, Pub. L. 99-336, Sec. 6(a)(1)(B), June 
            19, 1986, 100 Stat. 638; Pub. L. 104-292, Sec. 4, Oct. 11, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 3460.)

            
                 Chapter 91.--UNITED STATES COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS

      479.3  Sec. 1492. Congressional reference cases.
                Any bill, except a bill for a pension, may be referred 
            by either House of Congress to the chief judge of the United 
            States Court of Federal Claims for a report in conformity 
            with section 2509 of this title. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 
            Stat. 941; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89-681, Sec. 1, 80 Stat. 
            958. April 2, 1982, Pub. L. 97-164, Title I, 133(b), 96 
            Stat. 40; Oct. 29, 1992, Pub. L. 102-572, Title IX, 
            Sec. 902(a)(1), 106 Stat. 4516.)

            
                         Chapter 115.--EVIDENCE; DOCUMENTARY

        480  Sec. 1736. Congressional Journals.
                Extracts from the Journals of the Senate and the House 
            of Representatives, and from the Executive Journal of the 
            Senate when the injunction of secrecy is removed, certified 
            by the Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the House of 
            Representatives shall be received in evidence with the same 
            effect as the originals would have. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 
            Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 947.)

            
                            Chapter 131.--RULES OF COURTS

      480.3  Sec. 2076. [Repealed] (Pub. L. 100-702, Sec. 401(c), 102 
                Stat. 4650).

            
                Chapter 165.--UNITED STATES COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS 
                                     PROCEDURE

      480.5  Sec. 2509. Congressional reference cases.
                (a) Whenever a bill, except a bill for a pension, is 
            referred by either House of Congress to the chief judge of 
            the United States Court of Federal Claims pursuant to 
            section 1492 of this title, the chief judge shall designate 
            a judge as hearing officer for the case and a panel of three 
            judges of the court to serve as a reviewing body. One member 
            of the review panel shall be designated as presiding officer 
            of the panel.
                (b) Proceedings in a congressional reference case shall 
            be under rules and regulations prescribed for the purpose by 
            the chief judge who is hereby authorized and directed to 
            require the application of the pertinent rules of practice 
            of the Court of Federal Claims insofar as feasible. Each 
            hearing officer and each review panel shall have authority 
            to do and perform any acts which may be necessary or proper 
            for the efficient performance of their duties, including the 
            power of subpena and the power to administer oaths and 
            affirmations. None of the rules, rulings, findings, or 
            conclusions authorized by this section shall be subject to 
            judicial review.
                (c) The hearing officer to whom a congressional 
            reference case is assigned by the chief judge shall proceed 
            in accordance with the applicable rules to determine the 
            facts, including facts relating to delay or laches, facts 
            bearing upon the question whether the bar of any statute of 
            limitation should be removed, or facts claimed to excuse the 
            claimant for not having resorted to any established legal 
            remedy. He shall append to his findings of fact conclusions 
            sufficient to inform Congress whether the demand is a legal 
            or equitable claim or a gratuity, and the amount, if any, 
            legally or equitably due from the United States to the 
            claimant.
                (d) The findings and conclusions of the hearing officer 
            shall be submitted by him, together with the record in the 
            case, to the review panel for review by it pursuant to such 
            rules as may be provided for the purpose, which shall 
            include provision for submitting the report of the hearing 
            officer to the parties for consideration, exception, and 
            argument before the panel. The panel, by majority vote, 
            shall adopt or modify the findings or the conclusions of the 
            hearing officer.
                (e) The panel shall submit its report to the chief judge 
            for transmission to the appropriate House of Congress.
                (f) Any act or failure to act or other conduct by a 
            party, a witness, or an attorney which would call for the 
            imposition of sanctions under the rules of practice of the 
            Court of Federal Claims shall be noted by the panel or the 
            hearing officer at the time of occurrence thereof and upon 
            failure of the delinquent or offending party, witness, or 
            attorney to make prompt compliance with the order of the 
            panel or the hearing officer a full statement of the 
            circumstances shall be incorporated in the report of the 
            panel.
                (g) The Court of Federal Claims is hereby authorized and 
            directed, under such regulations as it may prescribe, to 
            provide the facilities and services of the office of the 
            clerk of the court for the filing, processing, hearing, and 
            dispatch of congressional reference cases and to include 
            within its annual appropriations the costs thereof and other 
            costs of administration, including (but without limitation 
            to the items herein listed) the salaries and traveling 
            expenses of the judges serving as hearing officers and panel 
            members, mailing and service of process, necessary physical 
            facilities, equipment, and supplies, and personnel 
            (including secretaries and law clerks). (Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. 
            L. 89-681, Sec. 2, 80 Stat. 958; April 2, 1982, Pub. L. 97-
            164, Title I, Sec. 139(h), 96 Stat. 42; Oct. 29, 1992, Pub. 
            L. 102-572, Title IX, Sec. 902(a), 106 Stat. 4516.)
                            31 u.s.c.--money and finance

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                            TITLE 31.--MONEY AND FINANCE

            
                        Chapter 7.--GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE

        481  Sec. 701. Definitions.
                In this chapter--
                            (1) ``agency'' includes the District of 
                        Columbia government but does not include the 
                        legislative branch or the Supreme Court.
                            (2) ``appropriations'' means appropriated 
                        amounts and includes, in appropriate context--

                                (A) funds;

                                (B) authority to make obligations by 
                            contract before appropriations; and

                                (C) other authority making amounts 
                            available for obligation or expenditure. 
                            (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 
                            887.)

      481.1  Sec. 712. Investigating the use of public money.
                The Comptroller General shall--
                            (1) investigate all matters related to the 
                        receipt, disbursement, and use of public money;
                            (2) estimate the cost to the United States 
                        Government of complying with each restriction on 
                        expenditures of a specific appropriation in a 
                        general appropriation law and report each 
                        estimate to Congress with recommendations the 
                        Comptroller General considers desirable;
                            (3) analyze expenditures of each executive 
                        agency the Comptroller General believes will 
                        help Congress decide whether public money has 
                        been used and expended economically and 
                        efficiently;
                            (4) make an investigation and report ordered 
                        by either House of Congress or a committee of 
                        Congress having jurisdiction over revenue, 
                        appropriations, or expenditures; and
                            (5) give a committee of Congress having 
                        jurisdiction over revenue, appropriations, or 
                        expenditures, the help and information the 
                        committee requests. (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 
                        1982, 96 Stat. 889.)
      481.2  Sec. 717. Evaluating programs and activities of the United 
                States Government.
                (a) In this section, ``agency'' means a department, 
            agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government 
            (except a mixed-ownership Government corporation) or the 
            District of Columbia government.
                (b) The Comptroller General shall evaluate the results 
            of a program or activity the Government carries out under 
            existing law--
                            (1) on the initiative of the Comptroller 
                        General;
                            (2) when either House of Congress orders an 
                        evaluation; or
                            (3) when a committee of Congress with 
                        jurisdiction over the program or activity 
                        requests the evaluation.
                (c) The Comptroller General shall develop and recommend 
            to Congress ways to evaluate a program or activity the 
            Government carries out under existing law.
                (d)(1) On request of a committee of Congress, the 
            Comptroller General shall help the committee to--
                            (A) develop a statement of legislative goals 
                        and ways to assess and report program 
                        performance related to the goals, including 
                        recommended ways to assess performance, 
                        information to be reported, responsibility for 
                        reporting, frequency of reports and feasibility 
                        of pilot testing; and
                            (B) assess program evaluations prepared by 
                        and for an agency.
                (2) On request of a member of Congress, the Comptroller 
            General shall give the member a copy of the material the 
            Comptroller General compiles in carrying out this subsection 
            that has been released by the committee for which the 
            material was compiled. (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 
            Stat. 893.)
      481.3  Sec. 718. Availability of draft reports.
                (a) A draft report of an audit under section 714 of this 
            title shall be submitted to the Financial Institutions 
            Examination Council, the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal 
            Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the Office of the 
            Comptroller of the Currency for comment for 30 days.
                (b)(1) The Comptroller General may submit a part of a 
            draft report to an agency for comment for more than 30 days 
            only if the Comptroller General decides, after a showing by 
            the agency, that a longer period is necessary and likely to 
            result in a more accurate report. The report may not be 
            delayed because the agency does not comment within the 
            comment period.
                (2) When a draft report is submitted to an agency for 
            comment, the Comptroller General shall make the draft report 
            available on request to--
                            (A) either House of Congress, a committee of 
                        Congress, or a member of Congress if the report 
                        was begun because of a request of the House, 
                        committee, or member; or
                            (B) the Committee on Governmental Affairs of 
                        the Senate and the Committee on Government 
                        Operations of the House of Representatives if 
                        the report was not begun because of a request of 
                        either House of Congress, a committee of 
                        Congress, or a member of Congress.
                (3) This subsection is subject to statutory and 
            executive order guidelines for handling and storing 
            classified information and material.
                (c) A final report of the Comptroller General shall 
            include--
                            (1) a statement of significant changes of a 
                        finding, conclusion, or recommendation in an 
                        earlier draft report because of comments on the 
                        draft by an agency;
                            (2) a statement of the reasons the changes 
                        were made; and
                            (3) for a draft report submitted under 
                        subsection (a) of this section, written comments 
                        of the agency submitted during the comment 
                        period. (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 
                        Stat. 894.)
      481.4  Sec. 719. Comptroller General reports.
                (a) At the beginning of each regular session of 
            Congress, the Comptroller General shall report to Congress 
            (and to the President when requested by the President) on 
            the work of the Comptroller General. A report shall include 
            recommendations on--
                            (1) legislation the Comptroller General 
                        considers necessary to make easier the prompt 
                        and accurate making and settlement of accounts; 
                        and
                            (2) other matters related to the receipt, 
                        disbursement, and use of public money the 
                        Comptroller General considers advisable.
                (b)(1) the Comptroller General shall include in the 
            report to Congress under subsection (a) of this section--
                            (A) a review of activities under sections 
                        717 (b)-(d) and 731(e)(2) of this title, 
                        including recommendations under section 717(c) 
                        of this title;
                            (B) information on carrying out duties and 
                        powers of the Comptroller General under clauses 
                        (A) and (C) of this paragraph, subsections (g) 
                        and (h) of this section, and sections 717, 
                        731(e)(2), 734, 1112, and 1113 of this title; 
                        and
                            (C) the name of each officer and employee of 
                        the General Accounting Office assigned or 
                        detailed to a committee of Congress, the 
                        committee to which the officer or employee is 
                        assigned or detailed, the length of the period 
                        of assignment or detail, a statement on whether 
                        the assignment or detail is finished or 
                        continuing, and compensation paid out of 
                        appropriations available to the Comptroller 
                        General for the period of the assignment or 
                        detail that has been completed.
                (2) In a report under subsection (a) of this section or 
            in a special report to Congress when Congress is in session, 
            the Comptroller General shall include recommendations on 
            greater economy and efficiency in public expenditures.
                (3) The report under subsection (a) shall also include a 
            statement of the staff hours and estimated cost of work 
            performed on audits, evaluations, investigations, and 
            related work during each of the three fiscal years preceding 
            the fiscal year in which the report is submitted, stated 
            separately for each division of the General Accounting 
            Office by category as follows:
                            (A) A category for work requested by the 
                        chairman of a committee of Congress, the 
                        chairman of a subcommittee of such a committee, 
                        or any other Member of Congress.
                            (B) A category for work required by law to 
                        be performed by the Comptroller General.
                            (C) A category for work initiated by the 
                        Comptroller General in the performance of the 
                        Comptroller General's general responsibilities.
                (c) The Comptroller General shall report to Congress--
                            (1) specially on expenditures and contracts 
                        an agency makes in violation of law;
                            (2) on the adequacy and effectiveness of--

                                (A) administrative audits of accounts 
                            and claims in an agency; and

                                (B) inspections by an agency of offices 
                            and accounts of fiscal officials; and

                            (3) as frequently as practicable on audits 
                        carried out under sections 713 and 714 of this 
                        title.
                (d) The Comptroller General shall report on analyses 
            carried out under section 712(3) of this title to the 
            Committees on Governmental Affairs and Appropriations of the 
            Senate, the Committees on Government Operations and 
            Appropriations of the House, and the committees with 
            jurisdiction over legislation related to the operation of 
            each executive agency.
                (e) The Comptroller General shall give the President 
            information on expenditures and accounting the President 
            requests.
                (f) When the Comptroller General submits a report to 
            Congress, the Comptroller General shall deliver copies of 
            the report to--
                            (1) the Committees on Governmental Affairs 
                        and Appropriations of the Senate;
                            (2) the Committees on Government Operations 
                        and Appropriations of the House;
                            (3) a committee of Congress that requested 
                        information on any part of a program or activity 
                        of a department, agency, or instrumentality of 
                        the United States Government (except a mixed-
                        ownership Government corporation) or the 
                        District of Columbia government that is the 
                        subject of any part of a report; and
                            (4) any other committee of Congress 
                        requesting a copy.
                (g)(1) The Comptroller General shall prepare--
                            (A) each month a list of reports issued 
                        during the prior month; and
                            (B) at least once each year a list of 
                        reports issued during the prior 12 months.
                (2) A copy of each list shall be sent to each committee 
            of Congress and each member of Congress. On request, the 
            Comptroller General promptly shall provide a copy of a 
            report to a committee or member.
                (h) On request of a committee of Congress, the 
            Comptroller General shall explain to and discuss with the 
            committee or committee staff a report the Comptroller 
            General makes that would help the committee--
                            (1) evaluate a program or activity of an 
                        agency within the jurisdiction of the committee; 
                        or
                            (2) in its consideration of proposed 
                        legislation.
                [(i) Redesignated (h)]

            (As amended Pub. L. 104-316, Title I, Sec. 115(b), Oct. 19, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 3834; Pub. L. 105-85, Div. A, Title X, 
            Sec. 1044, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1887.)

      481.5  Sec. 720. Agency reports.
                (a) In this section, ``agency'' means a department, 
            agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government 
            (except a mixed-ownership Government corporation) or the 
            District of Columbia government.
                (b) When the Comptroller General makes a report that 
            includes a recommendation to the head of an agency, the head 
            of the agency shall submit a written statement on action 
            taken on the recommendation by the head of the agency. The 
            statement shall be submitted to--
                            (1) The Committee on Governmental Affairs of 
                        the Senate and the Committee on Government 
                        Operations of the House of Representatives 
                        before the 61st day after the date of the 
                        report; and
                            (2) The Committees on Appropriations of both 
                        Houses of Congress in the first request for 
                        appropriations submitted more than 60 days after 
                        the date of the report. (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 
                        13, 1982, 96 Stat. 896.)
      481.6  Sec. 734. Assignments and details to Congress.
                The Comptroller General may assign or detail an officer 
            or employee of the General Accounting Office to full-time 
            continuous duty with a committee of Congress for not more 
            than one year. (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 
            899; Pub. L. 98-367, Title I, Sec. 8, July 17, 1984, 98 
            Stat. 475.)

            
              Chapter 11.--THE BUDGET AND FISCAL, BUDGET, AND PROGRAM 
                                    INFORMATION

        482  Sec. 1101. Definitions.
                In this chapter--
                            (1) ``agency'' includes the District of 
                        Columbia government but does not include the 
                        legislative branch or the Supreme Court.
                            (2) ``appropriations'' means appropriated 
                        amounts and includes, in appropriate context--

                                (A) funds;

                                (B) authority to make obligations by 
                            contract before appropriations; and

                                (C) other authority making amounts 
                            available for obligation or expenditure. 
                            (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 
                            907.)

      482.1  Sec. 1102. Fiscal year.
                The fiscal year of the Treasury begins on October 1 of 
            each year and ends on September 30 of the following year. 
            Accounts of receipts and expenditures required under law to 
            be published each year shall be published for the fiscal 
            year. (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 908.)
        483  Sec. 1103. Budget ceiling.
                Congress reaffirms its commitment that budget outlays of 
            the United States Government for a fiscal year may be not 
            more than the receipts of the Government for that year. 
            (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 908.)
      483.1  Sec. 1104. Budget and appropriations authority of the 
                President.
                (a) The President shall prepare budgets of the United 
            States Government under section 1105 of this title and 
            proposed deficiency and supplemental appropriations under 
            section 1107 of this title. To the extent practicable, the 
            President shall use uniform terms in stating the purposes 
            and conditions of appropriations.
                (b) Except as provided in this chapter, the President 
            shall prescribe the contents and order of statements in the 
            budget on expenditures and estimated expenditures and 
            statements on proposed appropriations and information 
            submitted with the budget and proposed appropriations. The 
            President shall include with the budget and proposed 
            appropriations information on personnel and other objects of 
            expenditure in the way that information was included in the 
            budget for fiscal year 1950. However, the requirement that 
            information be included in the budget in that way may be 
            waived or changed by joint action of the Committees on 
            Appropriations of both Houses of Congress. This subsection 
            does not limit the authority of a committee of Congress to 
            request information in a form it prescribes.
                (c) When the President makes a basic change in the form 
            of the budget, the President shall submit with the budget 
            information showing where items in the budget for the prior 
            fiscal year are contained in the present budget. However, 
            the President may change the functional categories in the 
            budget only in consultation with the Committees on 
            Appropriations and on the Budget of both Houses of Congress. 
            Committees of the House of Representatives and Senate shall 
            receive prompt notification of all such changes.
                (d) The President shall develop programs and prescribe 
            regulations to improve the compilation, analysis, 
            publication, and dissemination of statistical information by 
            executive agencies. The President shall carry out this 
            subsection through the Administrator for the Office of 
            Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Office of 
            Management and Budget.
                (e) Under regulations prescribed by the President, each 
            agency shall provide information required by the President 
            in carrying out this chapter. The President has access to, 
            and may inspect, records of an agency to obtain information. 
            (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 908; Pub. L. 99-
            177, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1060.)
        484  Sec. 1105. Budget contents and submission to Congress.
                (a) On or after the first Monday in January but not 
            later than the first Monday in February of each year, the 
            President shall submit a budget of the United States 
            Government for the following fiscal year. Each budget shall 
            include a budget message and summary and supporting 
            information. The President shall include in each budget the 
            following:
                            (1) information on activities and functions 
                        of the Government.
                            (2) when practicable, information on costs 
                        and achievements of Government programs.
                            (3) other desirable classifications of 
                        information.
                            (4) a reconciliation of the summary 
                        information on expenditures with proposed 
                        appropriations.
                            (5) except as provided in subsection (b) of 
                        this section, estimated expenditures and 
                        proposed appropriations the President decides 
                        are necessary to support the Government in the 
                        fiscal year for which the budget is submitted 
                        and the 4 fiscal years after that year.
                            (6) estimated receipts of the Government in 
                        the fiscal year for which the budget is 
                        submitted and the 4 fiscal years after that year 
                        under--

                                (A) laws in effect when the budget is 
                            submitted; and

                                (B) proposals in the budget to increase 
                            revenues.

                            (7) appropriations, expenditures, and 
                        receipts of the Government in the prior fiscal 
                        year.
                            (8) estimated expenditures and receipts, and 
                        appropriations and proposed appropriations, of 
                        the Government for the current fiscal year.
                            (9) balanced statement of the--

                                (A) condition of the Treasury at the end 
                            of the prior fiscal year;

                                (B) estimated condition of the Treasury 
                            at the end of the current fiscal year; and

                                (C) estimated condition of the Treasury 
                            at the end of the fiscal year for which the 
                            budget is submitted if financial proposals 
                            in the budget are adopted.

                            (10) essential information about the debt of 
                        the Government.
                            (11) other financial information the 
                        President decides is desirable to explain in 
                        practicable detail the financial condition of 
                        the Government.
                            (12) for each proposal in the budget for 
                        legislation that would establish or expand a 
                        Government activity or function, a table 
                        showing--

                                (A) the amount proposed in the budget 
                            for appropriation and for expenditure 
                            because of the proposal in the fiscal year 
                            for which the budget is submitted; and

                                (B) the estimated appropriation required 
                            because of the proposal for each of the 4 
                            fiscal years after that year that the 
                            proposal will be in effect.

                            (13) an allowance for additional estimated 
                        expenditures and proposed appropriations for the 
                        fiscal year for which the budget is submitted.
                            (14) an allowance for unanticipated 
                        uncontrollable expenditures for that year.
                            (15) a separate statement on each of the 
                        items referred to in section 301(a) (1)-(5) of 
                        the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 
                        632(a) (1)-(5)).
                            (16) the level of tax expenditures under 
                        existing law in the tax expenditures budget (as 
                        defined in section 3(a)(3) of the Congressional 
                        Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 622(a)(3)) for the 
                        fiscal year for which the budget is submitted, 
                        considering projected economic factors and 
                        changes in the existing levels based on 
                        proposals in the budget.
                            (17) information on estimates of 
                        appropriations for the fiscal year following the 
                        fiscal year for which the budget is submitted 
                        for grants, contracts, and other payments under 
                        each program for which there is an authorization 
                        of appropriations for that following fiscal year 
                        when the appropriations are authorized to be 
                        included in an appropriation law for the fiscal 
                        year before the fiscal year in which the 
                        appropriation is to be available for obligation.
                            (18) a comparison of the total amount of 
                        budget outlays for the prior fiscal year, 
                        estimated in the budget submitted for that year, 
                        for each major program having relatively 
                        uncontrollable outlays with the total amount of 
                        outlays for that program in that year.
                            (19) a comparison of the total amount of 
                        receipts for the prior fiscal year, estimated in 
                        the budget submitted for that year, with 
                        receipts received in that year, and for each 
                        major source of receipts, a comparison of the 
                        amount of receipts estimated in that budget with 
                        the amount of receipts from that source in that 
                        year.
                            (20) an analysis and explanation of the 
                        differences between each amount compared under 
                        clauses (18) and (19) of this subsection.
                            (21) a horizontal budget showing--

                                (A) the program for meteorology and the 
                            National Climate Program established under 
                            section 5 of the National Climate Program 
                            Act (15 U.S.C. 2904);

                                (B) specific aspects of the program of, 
                            and appropriations for, each agency; and

                                (C) estimated goals and financial 
                            requirements.

                            (22) a statement of budget authority, 
                        proposed budget authority, budget outlays, and 
                        proposed budget outlays, and descriptive 
                        information in terms of--

                                (A) a detailed structure of national 
                            needs that refers to the missions and 
                            programs of agencies (as defined in section 
                            101 of this title); and

                                (B) the missions and basic programs.

                            (23) separate appropriation accounts for 
                        appropriations under the Occupational Safety and 
                        Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.) and 
                        the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 
                        (30 U.S.C. 801 et seq.).
                            (24) recommendations on the return of 
                        Government capital to the Treasury by a mixed-
                        ownership corporation (as defined in section 
                        9101 (2) of this title) that the President 
                        decides are desirable.
                            (25) a separate appropriation account for 
                        appropriations for each Office of Inspector 
                        General of an establishment defined under 
                        section 11(2) of the Inspector General Act of 
                        1978.
                            (26) a separate statement of the amount of 
                        appropriations requested for the Office of 
                        National Drug Control Policy and each program of 
                        the National Drug Control Program.
                            (27) a separate statement of the amount of 
                        appropriations requested for the Office of 
                        Federal Financial Management.
                            (28) beginning with fiscal year 1999, a 
                        Federal Government performance plan for the 
                        overall budget as provided for under section 
                        1115.
                            (29) information about the Violent Crime 
                        Reduction Trust Fund, including a separate 
                        statement of amounts in that Trust Fund.
                            (30) an analysis displaying, by agency, 
                        proposed reductions in full-time equivalent 
                        positions compared to the current year's level 
                        in order to comply with section 5 of the Federal 
                        Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994.
                            (31) a separate statement of the amount of 
                        appropriations requested for the Chief Financial 
                        Officer in the Executive Office of the 
                        President.
                            (32) a statement of the levels of budget 
                        authority and outlays for each program assumed 
                        to be extended in the baseline as provided in 
                        section 257(b)(2)(A) and for excise taxes 
                        assumed to be extended under section 
                        257(b)(2)(C) of the Balanced Budget and 
                        Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985.
                (b) Estimated expenditures and proposed appropriations 
            for the legislative branch and the judicial branch to be 
            included in each budget under subsection (a)(5) of this 
            section shall be submitted to the President before October 
            16 of each year and included in the budget by the President 
            without change.
                (c) The President shall recommend in the budget 
            appropriate action to meet an estimated deficiency when the 
            estimated receipts for the fiscal year for which the budget 
            is submitted (under laws in effect when the budget is 
            submitted) and the estimated amounts in the Treasury at the 
            end of the current fiscal year available for expenditure in 
            the fiscal year for which the budget is submitted, are less 
            than the estimated expenditures for that year. The President 
            shall make recommendations required by the public interest 
            when the estimated receipts and estimated amounts in the 
            Treasury are more than the estimated expenditures.
                (d) When the President submits a budget or supporting 
            information about a budget, the President shall include a 
            statement on all changes about the current fiscal year that 
            were made before the budget or information was submitted.
                (e)(1) The President shall submit with materials related 
            to each budget transmitted under subsection (a) on or after 
            January 1, 1985, an analysis for the ensuing fiscal year 
            that shall identify requested appropriations or new 
            obligational authority and outlays for each major program 
            that may be classified as a public civilian capital 
            investment program and for each major program that may be 
            classified as a military capital investment program, and 
            shall contain summaries of the total amount of such 
            appropriations or new obligational authority and outlays for 
            public civilian capital investment programs and summaries of 
            the total amount of such appropriations or new obligational 
            authority and outlays for military capital investment 
            programs. In addition, the analysis under this paragraph 
            shall contain--
                            (A) an estimate of the current service 
                        levels of public civilian capital investment and 
                        of military capital investment and alternative 
                        high and low levels of such investments over a 
                        period of ten years in current dollars and over 
                        a period of five years in constant dollars;
                            (B) the most recent assessment analysis and 
                        summary, in a standard format, of public 
                        civilian capital investment needs in each major 
                        program area over a period of ten years;
                            (C) an identification and analysis of the 
                        principal policy issues that effect estimated 
                        public civilian capital investment needs for 
                        each major program; and
                            (D) an identification and analysis of 
                        factors that affect estimated public civilian 
                        capital investment needs for each major program, 
                        including but not limited to the following 
                        factors:

                                (i) economic assumptions;

                                (ii) engineering standards;

                                (iii) estimates of spending for 
                            operation and maintenance;

                                (iv) estimates of expenditures for 
                            similar investments by State and local 
                            governments; and

                                (v) estimates of demand for public 
                            services derived from such capital 
                            investments and estimates of the service 
                            capacity of such investments.

                                To the extent that any analysis required 
                            by this paragraph relates to any program for 
                            which Federal financial assistance is 
                            distributed under a formula prescribed by 
                            law, such analysis shall be organized by 
                            State and within each State by major 
                            metropolitan area if data are available.

                (2) For purposes of this subsection, any appropriation, 
            new obligational authority, or outlay shall be classified as 
            a public civilian capital investment to the extent that such 
            appropriation, authority, or outlay will be used for the 
            construction, acquisition, or rehabilitation of any physical 
            asset that is capable of being used to produce services or 
            other benefits for a number of years and is not classified 
            as a military capital investment under paragraph (3). Such 
            assets shall include (but not be limited to)--
                            (A) roadways or bridges,
                            (B) airports or airway facilities,
                            (C) mass transportation systems,
                            (D) wastewater treatment or related 
                        facilities,
                            (E) water resources projects,
                            (F) hospitals,
                            (G) resource recovery facilities,
                            (H) public buildings,
                            (I) space or communications facilities,
                            (J) railroads, and
                            (K) federally assisted housing.
                (3) For purposes of this subsection, any appropriation, 
            new obligational authority, or outlay shall be classified as 
            a military capital investment to the extent that such 
            appropriation authority, or outlay will be used for the 
            construction, acquisition, or rehabilitation of any physical 
            asset that is capable of being used to produce services or 
            other benefits for purposes of national defense and security 
            for a number of years. Such assets shall include military 
            bases, posts, installations, and facilities.
                (4) Criteria and guidelines for use in the 
            identification of public civilian and military capital 
            investments, for distinguishing between public civilian and 
            military capital investments, and for distinguishing between 
            major and nonmajor capital investment programs shall be 
            issued by the Director of the Office of Management and 
            Budget after consultation with the Comptroller General and 
            the Congressional Budget Office. The analysis under the 
            subsection shall be accompanied by an explanation of such 
            criteria and guidelines.
                (5) For purposes of this subsection--
                            (A) the term ``construction'' includes the 
                        design, planning, and erection of new structures 
                        and facilities, the expansion of existing 
                        structures and facilities, the reconstruction of 
                        a project at an existing site or adjacent to an 
                        existing site, and the installation of initial 
                        and replacement equipment for such structures 
                        and facilities;
                            (B) the term ``acquisition'' includes the 
                        addition of land, sites, equipment, structures, 
                        facilities, or rolling stock by purchase, lease-
                        purchase, trade, or donation; and
                            (C) the term ``rehabilitation'' includes the 
                        alteration of or correction of deficiencies in 
                        an existing structure or facility so as to 
                        extend the useful life or improve the 
                        effectiveness of the structure or facility, the 
                        modernization or replacement of equipment at an 
                        existing structure or facility, the 
                        modernization or and the modernization of, or 
                        replacement of parts for, rolling stock.
                (f) The budget transmitted pursuant to subsection (a) 
            for a fiscal year shall be prepared in a manner consistent 
            with the requirements of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
            Deficit Control Act of 1985 that apply to that and 
            subsequent fiscal years.
                (g)(1) The Director of the Office of Management and 
            Budget shall establish the funding for advisory and 
            assistance services for each department and agency as a 
            separate object class in each budget annually submitted to 
            the Congress under this section.
                (2)(A) In paragraph (1), except as provided in 
            subparagraph (B), the term ``advisory and assistance 
            services'' means the following services when provided by 
            nongovernmental sources:
                            (i) Management and professional support 
                        services.
                            (ii) Studies, analyses, and evaluations.
                            (iii) Engineering and technical services.
                (B) In paragraph (1), the term ``advisory and assistance 
            services'' does not include the following services:
                            (i) Routine automated data processing and 
                        telecommunications services unless such services 
                        are an integral part of a contract for the 
                        procurement of advisory and assistance services.
                            (ii) Architectural and engineering services, 
                        as defined in section 901 of the Brooks 
                        Architect-Engineers Act (40 U.S.C. 541).
                            (iii) Research on basic mathematics or 
                        medical, biological, physical, social, 
                        psychological, or other phenomena.

            (As amended Pub. L. 98-501, Title II, Sec. 203, Oct. 19, 
            1984, 98 Stat. 2324; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 241, 
            Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 100-119, Title I, 
            Sec. 106(f), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 100-418, 
            Title V, Sec. 5301, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1462; Pub. L. 
            100-504, Title I, Sec. 108, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2529; 
            Pub. L. 100-690, Title I, Sec. Sec. 1006, 1009, Nov. 18, 
            1988, 102 Stat. 4187, 4188; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, 
            Sec. 13112(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608; Pub. L. 
            101-576, Title II, Sec. 203(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 
            2841; Pub. L. 103-62, Sec. 4(a), Aug. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 
            286; Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 4(f)(1)(E), July 5, 1994, 108 
            Stat. 1362; Pub. L. 103-322, Title IX, Sec. 90208(a), Title 
            XXXI, Sec. 310001(e), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1995, 2103; 
            Pub. L. 103-355, Title II, Sec. 2454(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 
            Stat. 3326; Pub. L. 104-287, Sec. 4(l), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 
            Stat. 3388; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10209(b), Aug. 5, 
            1997, 111 Stat. 711; Pub. L. 105-277, Div. C, Title VII, 
            Sec. 713(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-693.)

      484.1  Sec. 1106. Supplemental budget estimates and changes.
                (a) Before July 16 of each year, the President shall 
            submit to Congress a supplemental summary of the budget for 
            the fiscal year for which the budget is submitted under 
            section 1105(a) of this title. The summary shall include--
                            (1) for that fiscal year--

                                (A) substantial changes in or 
                            reappraisals of estimates of expenditures 
                            and receipts;

                                (B) substantial obligations imposed on 
                            the budget after its submission;

                                (C) current information on matters 
                            referred to in section 1105(a) (8) and (9) 
                            (B) and (C) of this title; and

                                (D) additional information the President 
                            decides is advisable to provide Congress 
                            with complete and current information about 
                            the budget and current estimates of the 
                            functions, obligations, requirements, and 
                            financial condition of the United States 
                            Government.

                            (2) for the 4 fiscal years following the 
                        fiscal year for which the budget is submitted, 
                        information on estimated expenditures for 
                        programs authorized to continue in future years, 
                        or that are considered mandatory, under law; and
                            (3) for future fiscal years, information on 
                        estimated expenditures of balances carried over 
                        from the fiscal year for which the budget is 
                        submitted.
                (b) Before July 16 of each year, the President shall 
            submit to Congress a statement of changes in budget 
            authority requested, estimated budget outlays, and estimated 
            receipts for the fiscal year for which the budget is 
            submitted (including prior changes proposed for the 
            executive branch of the Government) that the President 
            decides are necessary and appropriate based on current 
            information. The statement shall include the effect of those 
            changes on the information submitted under section 
            1105(a)(1)-(14) and (b) of this title and shall include 
            supporting information as practicable. The statement 
            submitted before July 16 may be included in the information 
            submitted under subsection (a)(1) of this section.
                (c) Subsection (f) of section 1105 shall apply to 
            revisions and supplemental summaries submitted under this 
            section to the same extent that such subsection applies to 
            the budget submitted under section 1105(a) to which such 
            revisions and summaries relate. (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 
            1982, 96 Stat. 911; Pub. L. 99-77 Title II, Sec. 242, Dec. 
            12, 1985, Stat. 1063.)
        485  Sec. 1107. Deficiency and supplemental appropriations.
                The President may submit to Congress proposed deficiency 
            and supplemental appropriations the President decides are 
            necessary because of laws enacted after the submission of 
            the budget or that are in the public interest. The President 
            shall include the reasons for the submission of the proposed 
            appropriations and the reasons the proposed appropriations 
            were not included in the budget. When the total proposed 
            appropriations would have required the President to make a 
            recommendation under section 1105(c) of this title if they 
            had been included in the budget, the President shall make a 
            recommendation under that section. (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 
            13, 1982, 96 Stat. 911.)
      485.1  Sec. 1108. Preparation and submission of appropriations 
                requests to the President.
                (a) In this section (except subsections (b)(1) and (e)), 
            ``agency'' means a department, agency, or instrumentality of 
            the United States Government.
                (b)(1) The head of each agency shall prepare and submit 
            to the President each appropriation request for the agency. 
            The request shall be prepared and submitted in the form 
            prescribed by the President under this chapter and by the 
            date established by the President. When the head of an 
            agency does not submit a request by that date, the President 
            shall prepare the request for the agency to be included in 
            the budget or changes in the budget or as deficiency and 
            supplemental appropriations. The President may change agency 
            appropriation requests. Agency appropriation requests shall 
            be developed from cost-based budgets in the way and at times 
            prescribed by the President. The head of the agency shall 
            use the cost-based budget to administer the agency and to 
            divide appropriations or amounts.
                (2) An officer or employee of an agency in the executive 
            branch may submit to the President or Congress a request for 
            legislation authorizing deficiency or supplemental 
            appropriations for the agency only with the approval of the 
            head of the agency.
                (c) The head of an agency shall include with an 
            appropriation request submitted to the President a report 
            that the statement of obligations submitted with the request 
            contains obligations consistent with section 1501 of this 
            title. The head of the agency shall support the report with 
            a certification of the consistency and shall support the 
            certification with records showing that the amounts have 
            been obligated. The head of the agency shall designate 
            officials to make the certifications, and those officials 
            may not delegate the duty to make the certifications. The 
            certifications and records shall be kept in the agency--
                            (1) in a form that makes audits and 
                        reconciliations easy; and
                            (2) for a period necessary to carry out 
                        audits and reconciliations.
                (d) To the extent practicable, the head of an agency 
            shall--
                            (1) provide information supporting the 
                        agency's budget request for its missions by 
                        function and subfunction (including the mission 
                        of each organizational unit of the agency); and
                            (2) relate the agency's programs to its 
                        missions.
                (e) Except as provided in subsection (f) of this 
            section, an officer or employee of an agency (as defined in 
            section 1101 of this title) may submit to Congress or a 
            committee of Congress an appropriations estimate or request, 
            a request for an increase in that estimate or request, or a 
            recommendation on meeting the financial needs of the 
            Government only when requested by either House of Congress.
                (f) The Interstate Commerce Commission shall submit to 
            Congress copies of budget estimates, requests, and 
            information (including personnel needs), legislative 
            recommendations, prepared testimony for congressional 
            hearings, and comments on legislation at the same time they 
            are sent to the President or the Office of Management and 
            Budget. An officer of an agency may not impose conditions on 
            or impair communication by the Commission with Congress, or 
            a committee or member of Congress, about the information.
                (g) Amounts available under law are available for field 
            examinations of appropriation estimates. The use of the 
            amounts is subject only to regulations prescribed by the 
            appropriate standing committees of Congress. (Pub. L. 97-
            258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 912.)
        486  Sec. 1109. Current programs and activities estimates.
                (a) On or before the first Monday after January 3 of 
            each year (on or before February 5 in 1986), the President 
            shall submit to both Houses of Congress the estimated budget 
            outlays and proposed budget authority that would be included 
            in the budget for the following fiscal year if programs and 
            activities of the United States Government were carried on 
            during that year at the same level as the current fiscal 
            year without a change in policy. The President shall state 
            the estimated budget outlays and proposed budget authority 
            by function and subfunction under the classifications in the 
            budget summary table under the heading ``Budget Authority 
            and Outlays by Function and Agency'', by major programs in 
            each function, and by agency. The President also shall 
            include a statement of the economic and program assumptions 
            on which those budget outlays and budget authority are 
            based, including inflation, real economic growth, and 
            unemployment rates, program caseloads, and pay increases.
                (b) The Joint Economic Committee shall review the 
            estimated budget outlays and proposed budget authority and 
            submit an economic evaluation of the budget outlays and 
            budget authority to the Committees on the Budget of both 
            Houses before March 1 of each year. (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 
            13, 1982, 96 Stat. 913; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 222, 
            Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1060.)
      486.1  Sec. 1110. Year-ahead requests for authorizing legislation.
                A request to enact legislation authorizing new budget 
            authority to continue a program or activity for a fiscal 
            year shall be submitted to Congress before May 16 of the 
            year before the year in which the fiscal year begins. If a 
            new program or activity will continue for more than one 
            year, the request must be submitted for at least the first 
            and second fiscal years. (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 
            Stat. 913.)
        487  Sec. 1111. Improving economy and efficiency.
                To improve economy and efficiency in the United States 
            Government, the President shall--
                            (1) make a study of each agency to decide, 
                        and may send Congress recommendations, on 
                        changes that should be made in--

                                (A) the organization, activities, and 
                            business methods of agencies;

                                (B) agency appropriations;

                                (C) the assignment of particular 
                            activities to particular services; and

                                (D) regrouping of services; and

                            (2) evaluate and develop improved plans for 
                        the organization, coordination, and management 
                        of the executive branch of the Government. (Pub. 
                        L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 913.)
      487.1  Sec. 1112. Fiscal, budget, and program information.
                (a) In this section, ``agency'' means a department, 
            agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government 
            except a mixed/ownership Government corporation.
                (b) In cooperation with the Comptroller General, the 
            Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of the Office of 
            Management and Budget shall establish and maintain standard 
            data processing and information systems for fiscal, budget, 
            and program information for use by agencies to meet the 
            needs of the Government, and to the extent practicable, of 
            State and local governments.
                (c) The Comptroller General--
                            (1) in cooperation with the Secretary, the 
                        Director of the Office of Management and Budget, 
                        and the Director of the Congressional Budget 
                        Office, shall establish, maintain, and publish 
                        standard terms and classifications for fiscal, 
                        budget, and program information of the 
                        Government, including information on fiscal 
                        policy, receipts, expenditures, program, 
                        projects, activities, and functions;
                            (2) when advisable, shall report to Congress 
                        on those terms and classifications, and 
                        recommend legislation necessary to promote the 
                        establishment, maintenance, and use of standard 
                        terms and classifications by the executive 
                        branch of the Government; and
                            (3) in carrying out this subsection, shall 
                        give particular consideration to the needs of 
                        the Committees on Appropriations and on the 
                        Budget of both Houses of Congress, the Committee 
                        on Ways and Means of the House, the Committee on 
                        Finance of the Senate, and the Congressional 
                        Budget Office.
                (d) Agencies shall use the standard terms and 
            classifications published under subsection (c)(1) of this 
            section in providing fiscal, budget, and program information 
            to Congress.
                (e) In consultation with the President, the head of each 
            executive agency shall take actions necessary to achieve to 
            the extent possible--
                            (1) consistency in budget and accounting 
                        classifications;
                            (2) synchronization between those 
                        classifications and organizational structure; 
                        and
                            (3) information by organizational unit on 
                        performance and program costs to support budget 
                        justifications.
                (f) In cooperation with the Director of the 
            Congressional Budget Office, the Comptroller General, and 
            appropriate representatives of State and local governments, 
            the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (to the 
            extent practicable) shall provide State and local 
            governments with fiscal, budget, and program information 
            necessary for accurate and timely determination by those 
            governments of the impact on their budget of assistance of 
            the United States Government. (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 
            1982, 96 Stat. 913.)
        488  Sec. 1113. Congressional information.
                (a)(1) When requested by a committee of Congress having 
            jurisdiction over receipts or appropriations, the President 
            shall provide the committee with assistance and information.
                (2) When requested by a committee of Congress, 
            additional information related to the amount of an 
            appropriation originally requested by an Office of Inspector 
            General shall be submitted to the committee.
                (b) When requested by a committee of Congress, by the 
            Comptroller General, or by the Director of the Congressional 
            Budget Office, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Director 
            of the Office of Management and Budget, and the head of each 
            executive agency shall--
                            (1) provide information on the location and 
                        kind of available fiscal, budget, and program 
                        information;
                            (2) to the extent practicable, prepare 
                        summary tables of that fiscal, budget, and 
                        program information and related information the 
                        committee, the Comptroller General, or the 
                        Director of the Congressional Budget Office 
                        considers necessary; and
                            (3) provide a program evaluation carried out 
                        or commissioned by an executive agency.
                (c) In cooperation with the Director of the 
            Congressional Budget Office, the Secretary, and the Director 
            of the Office of Management and Budget, and Comptroller 
            General shall--
                            (1) establish and maintain a current 
                        directory of sources of, and information systems 
                        for, fiscal, budget, and program information and 
                        a brief description of the contents of each 
                        source and system;
                            (2) when requested, provide assistance to 
                        committees of Congress and members of Congress 
                        in obtaining information from the sources in the 
                        directory; and
                            (3) when requested, provide assistance to 
                        committees and, to the extent practicable, to 
                        members of Congress in evaluating the 
                        information obtained from the sources in the 
                        directory.
                (d) To the extent they consider necessary, the 
            Comptroller General and the Director of the Congressional 
            Budget Office individually or jointly shall establish and 
            maintain a file of information to meet recurring needs of 
            Congress for fiscal, budget, and program information to 
            carry out this section and sections 717 and 1112 of this 
            title. The file shall include information on budget 
            requests, congressional authorizations to obligate and 
            expend, apportionment and reserve actions, and obligations 
            and expenditures. The Comptroller General and the Director 
            shall maintain the file and an index to the file so that it 
            is easier for the committees and agencies of Congress to use 
            the file and index through data processing and 
            communications techniques.
                (e)(1) The Comptroller General shall--
                            (A) carry out a continuing program to 
                        identify the needs of committees and members of 
                        Congress for fiscal, budget, and program 
                        information to carry out this section and 
                        section 1112 of this title;
                            (B) assist committees of Congress in 
                        developing their information needs;
                            (C) monitor recurring reporting requirements 
                        of Congress and committees; and
                            (D) make recommendations to Congress and 
                        committees for changes and improvements in those 
                        reporting requirements to meet information needs 
                        identified by the Comptroller General, to 
                        improve their usefulness to congressional users, 
                        and to eliminate unnecessary reporting.
                (2) Before September 2 of each year, the Comptroller 
            General shall report to Congress on--
                            (A) the needs identified under paragraph 
                        (1)(A) of this subsection;
                            (B) the relationship of those needs to 
                        existing reporting requirements;
                            (C) the extent to which reporting by the 
                        executive branch of the United States Government 
                        currently meets the identified needs;
                            (D) the changes to standard classifications 
                        necessary to meet congressional needs;
                            (E) activities, progress, and results of the 
                        program of the Comptroller General under 
                        paragraph (1) (B)-(D) of this subsection; and
                            (F) progress of the executive branch in the 
                        prior year.
                (3) Before March 2 of each year, the Director of the 
            Office of Management and Budget and the Secretary shall 
            report to Congress on plans for meeting the needs identified 
            under paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection, including--
                            (A) plans for carrying out changes to 
                        classifications to meet information needs of 
                        Congress;
                            (B) the status of information systems in the 
                        prior year; and
                            (C) the use of standard classifications. 
                        (Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 914; 
                        Pub. L. 97-452, Sec. 1(3), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 
                        Stat. 2467.)
        489  Sec. 1114. Repealed. (Oct. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103-355, 
                Sec. 2454(c)(2), 108 Stat. 3326.)
            
                 Chapter 33.--DEPOSITING, KEEPING, AND PAYING MONEY

            
                               Subchapter 2.--Payments

      489.1  Sec. 3332. Required direct deposit.
                (a)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all 
            Federal wage, salary, and retirement payments shall be paid 
            to recipients of such payments by electronic funds transfer, 
            unless another method has been determined by the Secretary 
            of the Treasury to be appropriate.
                (2) Each recipient of Federal wage, salary, or 
            retirement payments shall designate one or more financial 
            institutions or other authorized payment agents and provide 
            the payment certifying or authorizing agency information 
            necessary for the recipient to receive electronic funds 
            transfer payments through each institution so designated.
                (b)(1) The head of each agency shall waive the 
            requirements of subsection (a) of this section for a 
            recipient of Federal wage, salary, or retirement payments 
            authorized or certified by the agency upon written request 
            by such recipient.
                (2) Federal wage, salary, or retirement payments shall 
            be paid to any recipient granted a waiver under paragraph 
            (1) of this subsection by any method determined appropriate 
            by the Secretary of the Treasury.
                (c)(1) The Secretary of the Treasury may waive the 
            requirements of subsection (a) of this section for any group 
            of recipients upon request by the head of an agency under 
            standards prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury.
                (2) Federal wage, salary, or retirement payments shall 
            be paid to any member of a group granted a waiver under 
            paragraph (1) of this subsection by any method determined 
            appropriate by the Secretary of the Treasury.
                (d) This section shall apply only to recipients of 
            Federal wage or salary payments who begin to receive such 
            payments on or after January 1, 1995, and recipients of 
            Federal retirement payments who begin to receive such 
            payments on or after January 1, 1995.
                (e)(1) Notwithstanding subsections (a) through (d) of 
            this section, sections 5120(a) and (d) of title 38, and any 
            other provision of law, all Federal payments to a recipient 
            who becomes eligible for that type of payment after 90 days 
            after the date of the enactment of the Debt Collection 
            Improvement Act of 1996 shall be made by electronic funds 
            transfer.
                (2) The head of a Federal agency shall, with respect to 
            Federal payments made or authorized by the agency, waive the 
            application of paragraph (1) to a recipient of those 
            payments upon receipt of written certification from the 
            recipient that the recipient does not have an account with a 
            financial institution or an authorized payment agent.
                (f)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law 
            (including subsections (a) through (e) of this section and 
            sections 5120(a) and (d) of title 38), except as provided in 
            paragraph (2) all Federal payments made after January 1, 
            1999, shall be made by electronic funds transfer.
                (2)(A) The Secretary of the Treasury may waive 
            application of this subsection to payments--
                            (i) for individuals or classes of 
                        individuals for whom compliance imposes a 
                        hardship;
                            (ii) for classifications or types of checks; 
                        or
                            (iii) in other circumstances as may be 
                        necessary.
                (B) The Secretary of the Treasury shall make 
            determinations under subparagraph (A) based on standards 
            developed by the Secretary.
                (g) Each recipient of Federal payments required to be 
            made by electronic funds transfer shall--
                            (1) designate 1 or more financial 
                        institutions or other authorized agents to which 
                        such payments shall be made; and
                            (2) provide to the Federal agency that makes 
                        or authorizes the payments information necessary 
                        for the recipient to receive electronic funds 
                        transfer payments through each institution or 
                        agent designated under paragraph (1).
                (h) The crediting of the amount of a payment to the 
            appropriate account on the books of a financial institution 
            or other authorized payment agent designated by a payment 
            recipient under this section shall constitute a full 
            acquittance to the United States for the amount of the 
            payment.
                (i)(1) The Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe 
            regulations that the Secretary considers necessary to carry 
            out this section.
                (2) Regulations under this subsection shall ensure that 
            individuals required under subsection (g) to have an account 
            at a financial institution because of the application of 
            subsection (f)(1)--
                            (A) will have access to such an account at a 
                        reasonable cost; and
                            (B) are given the same consumer protections 
                        with respect to the account as other account 
                        holders at the same financial institution.
                (j) For purposes of this section--
                            (1) The term ``electronic funds transfer'' 
                        means any transfer of funds, other than a 
                        transaction originated by cash, check, or 
                        similar paper instrument, that is initiated 
                        through an electronic terminal, telephone, 
                        computer, or magnetic tape, for the purpose of 
                        ordering, instructing, or authorizing a 
                        financial institution to debit or credit an 
                        account. The term includes Automated Clearing 
                        House transfers, Fed Wire transfers, transfers 
                        made at automatic teller machines, and point-of-
                        sale terminals.
                            (2) The term ``Federal agency'' means--

                                (A) an agency (as defined in section 101 
                            of this title); and

                                (B) a Government corporation (as defined 
                            in section 103 of title 5).

                            (3) The term ``Federal payments'' includes--

                                (A) Federal wage, salary, and retirement 
                            payments;

                                (B) vendor and expense reimbursement 
                            payments; and

                                (C) benefit payments.

                Such term shall not include any payment under the 
            Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

            (As amended Pub. L. 98-369, Title VIII, Sec. 2814, July 18, 
            1984, 98 Stat. 1207; Pub. L. 103-356, Title IV, Sec. 402(a), 
            Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3412; Pub. L. 104-134, Title III, 
            Sec. 31001(x)(1), Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321-376.)
                              39 u.s.c.--postal service

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                              TITLE 39.--POSTAL SERVICE

            
                                Part IV.--MAIL MATTER

            
                      Chapter 32.--PENALTY AND FRANKED MAIL\1\

        490  Sec. 3201. Definitions.
                As used in this chapter--
                \1\ For United States Postal Service regulation on 
                congressional franking privilege, see Senate Manual 
                section 497. See also the Regulations Governing the Use 
                of the Mailing Frank by Members and Officers of the 
                United States Senate, issued by the Select Committee on 
                Ethics. See also Regulations Governing Franked Mail, 
                issued by the Senate Committee on Rules and 
                Administration.
                            (1) ``penalty mail'' means official mail, 
                        other than franked mail, which is authorized by 
                        law to be transmitted in the mail without 
                        prepayment of postage;
                            (2) ``penalty cover'' means envelopes, 
                        wrappers, labels, or cards used to transmit 
                        penalty mail;
                            (3) ``frank'' means the autographic or 
                        facsimile signature of persons authorized by 
                        sections 3210-3216 and 3218 of this title to 
                        transmit matter through the mail without 
                        prepayment of postage or other indicia 
                        contemplated by sections 733 and 907 of title 
                        44;
                            (4) ``franked mail'' means mail which is 
                        transmitted in the mail under a frank;
                            (5) ``Members of Congress'' includes 
                        Senators, Representatives, Delegates, and 
                        Resident Commissioners; and
                            (6) ``missing child'' has the meaning 
                        provided by section 403(1) of the Juvenile 
                        Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974. 
                        (Aug. 12, 1970, Pub. L. 91-375, Sec. 2, 84 Stat. 
                        751; Aug. 9, 1985, Pub. L. 99-87, Sec. 1(b), 99 
                        Stat. 291.)
        491  Sec. 3210. Franked mail transmitted by the Vice President, 
                Members of Congress, and congressional officials.
                (a)(1) It is the policy of the Congress that the 
            privilege of sending mail as franked mail shall be 
            established under this section in order to assist and 
            expedite the conduct of the official business, activities, 
            and duties of the Congress of the United States.
                (2) It is the intent of the Congress that such official 
            business, activities, and duties cover all matters which 
            directly or indirectly pertain to the legislative process or 
            to any congressional representative functions generally, or 
            to the functioning, working, or operating of the Congress 
            and the performance of official duties in connection 
            therewith, and shall include, but not be limited to, the 
            conveying of information to the public, and the requesting 
            of the views of the public, or the views and information of 
            other authority of government, as a guide or a means of 
            assistance in the performance of those functions.
                (3) It is the intent of the Congress that mail matter 
            which is frankable specifically includes, but is not limited 
            to--
                            (A) mail matter to any person and to all 
                        agencies and officials of Federal, State, and 
                        local governments regarding programs, decisions, 
                        and other related matters of public concern or 
                        public service, including any matter relating to 
                        actions of a past or current Congress;
                            (B) the usual and customary congressional 
                        newsletter or press release which may deal with 
                        such matters as the impact of laws and decisions 
                        on State and local governments and individual 
                        citizens; reports on public and official actions 
                        taken by Members of Congress; and discussions of 
                        proposed or pending legislation or governmental 
                        actions and the positions of the Members of 
                        Congress on, and arguments for or against, such 
                        matters;
                            (C) the usual and customary congressional 
                        questionnaire seeking public opinion on any law, 
                        pending or proposed legislation, public issue, 
                        or subject;
                            (D) mail matter dispatched by a Member of 
                        Congress between his Washington office and any 
                        congressional district offices, or between his 
                        district offices;
                            (E) mail matter directed by one Member of 
                        Congress to another Member of Congress or to 
                        representatives of the legislative bodies of 
                        State and local governments;
                            (F) mail matter expressing congratulations 
                        to a person who has achieved some public 
                        distinction;
                            (G) mail matter, including general mass 
                        mailings, which consist of Federal laws, Federal 
                        regulations, other Federal publications, 
                        publications purchased with Federal funds, or 
                        publications containing items of general 
                        information;
                            (H) mail matter which consists of voter 
                        registration or election information or 
                        assistance prepared and mailed in a nonpartisan 
                        manner;
                            (I) mail matter which constitutes or 
                        includes a biography or autobiography of any 
                        Member of, or Member-elect to, Congress or any 
                        biographical or autobiographical material 
                        concerning such Member or Member-elect or the 
                        spouse or other members of the family of such 
                        Member or Member-elect, and which is so mailed 
                        as a part of a Federal publication or in 
                        response to a specific request therefor and is 
                        not included for publicity purposes in a 
                        newsletter or other general mass mailing of the 
                        Member or Member-elect under the franking 
                        privilege; or
                            (J) mail matter which contains a picture, 
                        sketch, or other likeness of any Member or 
                        Member-elect and which is so mailed as a part of 
                        a Federal publication or in response to a 
                        specific request therefor and, when contained in 
                        a newsletter or other general mass mailing of 
                        any Member or Member-elect, is not of such size, 
                        or does not occur with such frequency in the 
                        mail matter concerned, as to lead to the 
                        conclusion that the purpose of such picture, 
                        sketch, or likeness is to advertise the Member 
                        or Member-elect rather than to illustrate 
                        accompanying text.
                (4) It is the intent of the Congress that the franking 
            privilege under this section shall not permit, and may not 
            be used for, the transmission through the mails as franked 
            mail, of matter which in its nature is purely personal to 
            the sender or to any other person and is unrelated

            to the official business, activities, and duties of the 
            public officials covered by subsection (b)(1) of this 
            section.

                (5) It is the intent of the Congress that a Member of or 
            Member-elect to Congress may not mail as franked mail--
                            (A) mail matter which constitutes or 
                        includes any article, account, sketch, 
                        narration, or other text laudatory and 
                        complimentary of any Member of, or Member-elect 
                        to, Congress on a purely personal or political 
                        basis rather than on the basis of performance of 
                        official duties as a Member or on the basis of 
                        activities as a Member-elect;
                            (B) mail matter which constitutes or 
                        includes--

                                (i) greetings from the spouse or other 
                            members of the family of such Member or 
                            Member-elect, unless it is a brief reference 
                            in otherwise frankable mail;

                                (ii) reports of how or when such Member 
                            or Member-elect, or the spouse or any other 
                            member of the family of such Member or 
                            Member-elect, spends time other than in the 
                            performance of, or in connection with, the 
                            legislative, representative, and other 
                            official functions of such Member or the 
                            activities of such Member-elect as a Member-
                            elect; or

                                (iii) any card expressing holiday 
                            greetings from such Member or Member-elect; 
                            or

                            (C) mail matter which specifically solicits 
                        political support for the sender or any other 
                        person or any political party, or a vote or 
                        financial assistance for any candidate for any 
                        public office.

            The House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards and 
            the Select Committee on Standards and Conduct of the Senate 
            shall prescribe for their respective Houses such rules and 
            regulations and shall take such other action, as the 
            Commission or Committee considers necessary and proper for 
            the Members and Members-elect to conform to the provisions 
            of this clause and applicable rules and regulations. Such 
            rules and regulations shall include, but not be limited to, 
            provisions prescribing the time within which such mailings 
            shall be mailed at or delivered to any postal facility to 
            attain compliance with this clause and the time when such 
            mailings shall be deemed to have been so mailed or delivered 
            and such compliance attained.

                (6)(A) It is the intent of Congress that a Member of, or 
            Member-elect to, Congress may not mail any mass mailing as 
            franked mail--
                            (i) if the mass mailing is mailed fewer than 
                        60 days (or in the case of a Member of the 
                        House, fewer than 90 days) immediately before 
                        the date of any primary election or general 
                        election (whether regular, special, or runoff) 
                        in which the Member is a candidate for 
                        reelection; or
                            (ii) in the case of a Member of, or Member-
                        elect to, the House who is a candidate for any 
                        other public office, if the mass mailing--

                                (I) is prepared for delivery within any 
                            portion of the jurisdiction of or the area 
                            covered by the public office which is 
                            outside the area constituting the 
                            congressional district from which the Member 
                            or Member-elect was elected; or

                                (II) is mailed fewer than 90 days 
                            immediately before the date of any primary 
                            election or general election (whether 
                            regular, special, or runoff) in which the 
                            Member or Member-elect is a candidate for 
                            any other public office.

                (B) Any mass mailing which is mailed by the chairman of 
            any organization referred to in the last sentence of section 
            3215 of this title which relates to the normal and regular 
            business of the organization may be mailed without regard to 
            the provisions of this paragraph.
                (C) No Member of the Senate may mail any mass mailing as 
            franked mail if such mass mailing is mailed fewer than 60 
            days immediately before the date of any primary election or 
            general election (whether regular, special, or runoff) for 
            any national, State or local office in which such Member is 
            a candidate for election.
                (D) The Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate and the 
            House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards shall 
            prescribe for their respective Houses rules and regulations, 
            and shall take other action as the Committee or the 
            Commission considers necessary and proper for Members and 
            Members-elect to comply with the provisions of this 
            paragraph and applicable rules and regulations. The rules 
            and regulations shall include provisions prescribing the 
            time within which mailings shall be mailed at or delivered 
            to any postal facility and the time when the mailings shall 
            be deemed to have been mailed or delivered to comply with 
            the provisions of this paragraph.
                (E) As used in this section, the term ``mass mailing'' 
            means, with respect to a session of Congress, any mailing of 
            newsletters or other pieces of mail with substantially 
            identical content (whether such mail is deposited singly or 
            in bulk, or at the same time or different times), totaling 
            more than 500 pieces in that session, except that such term 
            does not include any mailing--
                            (i) of matter in direct response to a 
                        communication from a person to whom the matter 
                        is mailed;
                            (ii) from a Member of Congress to other 
                        Members of Congress, or to Federal, State, or 
                        local government officials; or
                            (iii) of a news release to the 
                        communications media.
                (F) For purposes of subparagraphs (A) and (C) if mail 
            matter is of a type which is not customarily postmarked, the 
            date on which such matter would have been postmarked if it 
            were of a type customarily postmarked shall apply.
                (7) A Member of the House of Representatives may not 
            send any mass mailing outside the congressional district 
            from which the Member was elected.
                (b)(1) The Vice President, each Member of or Member-
            elect to Congress, the Secretary of the Senate, the Sergeant 
            at Arms of the Senate, each of the elected officers of the 
            House of Representatives (other than a Member of the House), 
            the Legislative Counsels of the House of Representatives and 
            the Senate, the Law Revision Counsel of the House of 
            Representatives, and the Senate Legal Counsel may send, as 
            franked mail, matter relating to their official business, 
            activities, and duties, as intended by Congress to be 
            mailable as franked mail under subsection (a) (2) and (3) of 
            this section.
                (2) If a vacancy occurs in the Office of the Secretary 
            of the Senate, the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, an 
            elected officer of the House of Representatives (other than 
            a Member of the House), the Legislative Counsel of the House 
            of Representatives or the Senate, the Law Revision Counsel 
            of the House of Representatives, or the Senate Legal Counsel 
            any authorized person may exercise the franking privilege in 
            the officer's name during the period of the vacancy.
                (3) The Vice President, each Member of Congress, the 
            Secretary of the Senate, the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, 
            and each of the elected officers of the House (other than a 
            Member of the House), during the 90-day period immediately 
            following the date on which they leave office, may send, as 
            franked mail, matter on official business relating to the 
            closing of their respective offices. The House Commission on 
            Congressional Mailing Standards and the Select Committee on 
            Standards and Conduct of the Senate \1\ shall prescribe for 
            their respective Houses such rules and regulations, and 
            shall take such other action as the Commission or Committee 
            considers necessary and proper, to carry out the provisions 
            of this paragraph.
                \1\ Name changed to the Select Committee on Ethics by S. 
                Res. 4, 95-1, Feb. 4, 1977.
                (c) Franked mail may be in any form appropriate for mail 
            matter, including, but not limited to, correspondence, 
            newsletters, questionnaires, recordings, facsimiles, 
            reprints, and reproductions. Franked mail shall not include 
            matter which is intended by Congress to be nonmailable as 
            franked mail under subsection (a) (4) and (5) of this 
            section.
                (d)(1) A Member of the Congress may mail franked mail 
            with a simplified form of address for delivery within that 
            area constituting the congressional district or State from 
            which the Member was elected.
                (2) A Member-elect to the Congress may mail franked mail 
            with a simplified form of address for delivery within that 
            area constituting the congressional district or State from 
            which he was elected.
                (3) A Delegate, Delegate-elect, Resident Commissioner, 
            or Resident Commissioner-elect to the House of 
            Representatives may mail franked mail with a simplified form 
            of address for delivery within the area from which he was 
            elected.
                (4) Any franked mail which is mailed under this 
            subsection shall be mailed at the equivalent rate of postage 
            which assures that the mail will be sent by the most 
            economical means practicable.
                (5) The Senate Committee on Rules and Administration and 
            the House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards 
            shall prescribe for their respective Houses rules and 
            regulations governing any franked mail which is mailed under 
            this subsection and shall by regulation limit the number of 
            such mailings allowed under this subsection.
                (6)(A) Any Member of, or Member-elect to, the House of 
            Representatives entitled to make any mailing as franked mail 
            under this subsection shall, before making any mailing, 
            submit a sample or description of the mail matter involved 
            to the House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards 
            for an advisory opinion as to whether the proposed mailing 
            is in compliance with the provisions of this subsection.
                (B) The Senate Select Committee on Ethics may require 
            any Member of, or Member-elect to, the Senate entitled to 
            make any mailings as franked mail under this subsection to 
            submit a sample or description of the mail matter to the 
            Committee for an advisory opinion as to whether the proposed 
            mailing is in compliance with the provisions of this 
            subsection.
                (7) Franked mail mailed with a simplified form of 
            address under this subsection--
                            (A) shall be prepared as directed by the 
                        Postal Service; and
                            (B) may be delivered to--

                                (i) each box holder or family on a rural 
                            or star route;

                                (ii) each post office box holder; and

                                (iii) each stop or box on a city carrier 
                            route.

                (8) For the purposes of this subsection, a congressional 
            district includes, in the case of a Representative at Large 
            or Representative at Large-elect, the State from which he 
            was elected.
                (e) The frankability of mail matter shall be determined 
            under the provisions of this section by the type and content 
            of the mail sent, or to be sent.
                (f) Any mass mailing which otherwise would be permitted 
            to be mailed as franked mail under this section shall not be 
            so mailed unless the cost of preparing and printing the mail 
            matter is paid exclusively from funds appropriated by 
            Congress, except that an otherwise frankable mass mailing 
            may contain, as an enclosure or supplement, any public 
            service material which is purely instructional or 
            informational in nature, and which in content is frankable 
            under this section.
                (g) Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, 
            State, or local law, or any regulation thereunder, the 
            equivalent amount of postage determined under section 3216 
            of this title on franked mail mailed under the frank of the 
            Vice President or a Member of Congress, and the cost of 
            preparing or printing such frankable matter for such mailing 
            under the frank, shall not be considered as a contribution 
            to, or an expenditure by, the Vice President or a Member of 
            Congress for the purpose of determining any limitation on 
            expenditures or contributions with respect to any such 
            official, imposed by any Federal, State, or local law or 
            regulation, in connection with any campaign of such official 
            for election to any Federal office. (Aug. 12, 1970, Pub. L. 
            91-375, Sec. 2, 84 Stat. 754; July 9, 1971, Pub. L. 92-51, 
            Sec. 101, 85 Stat. 132; Dec. 18, 1973, Pub. L. 93-191, 
            Sec. 1(a), 87 Stat. 737; Dec. 23, 1975, Pub. L. 94-177, 
            Sec. 1(b), 89 Stat. 1032; Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, 
            Sec. 714(a), 92 Stat. 1884; Oct. 26, 1981, Pub. L. 97-69, 
            Sec. Sec. 1, 2, 3, 4, 95 Stat. 1041-1043; Sept. 24, 1982, 
            Pub. L. 97-263, Sec. 1, 96 Stat. 1132; Pub. L. 101-163, 
            Title III, Sec. 318, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1068; Pub. L. 
            101-520, Title III, Sec. Sec. 311(h)(1), 316, Nov. 5, 1990, 
            104 Stat. 2280, 2283; Pub. L. 102-392, Title III, 
            Sec. 309(a), Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1722; Pub. L. 104-197, 
            Title I, Sec. 102(a), Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2401.)
        492  Sec. 3211. Public documents.
                The Vice President, Members of Congress, the Secretary 
            of the Senate, the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, each of 
            the elected officers of the House of Representatives (other 
            than a Member of the House) during the 90-day period 
            immediately following the expiration of their respective 
            terms of office, may send and receive as franked mail all 
            public documents printed by order of Congress. (Aug. 12, 
            1970, Pub. L. 91-375, Sec. 2, 84 Stat. 754; Dec. 18, 1973, 
            Pub. L. 93-191, Sec. 2, 87 Stat. 741; Oct. 26, 1981, Pub. L. 
            97-69, Sec. 5(a), 95 Stat. 1043.)
        493  Sec. 3212. Congressional Record under frank of Members of 
                Congress.
                (a) Members of Congress may send the Congressional 
            Record as franked mail.
                (b) Members of Congress may send, as franked mail, any 
            part, of, or a reprint of any part of, the Congressional 
            Record, including speeches or reports contained therein, if 
            such matter is mailable as franked mail under section 3210 
            of this title. (Aug. 12, 1970, Pub. L. 91-375, Sec. 2, 84 
            Stat. 754; Dec. 18, 1973, Pub. L. 93-191, Sec. 3, 87 Stat. 
            741.)
            Cross Reference
                For extracts from Congressional Record furnished Members 
            of Congress and the Resident Commissioner in envelopes ready 
            for mailing, see section 907 of title 44, United States Code 
            (Senate Manual section 657).
        494  Sec. 3213. Seeds and reports from Department of Agriculture.
                Seeds and agricultural reports emanating from the 
            Department of Agriculture may be mailed--
                            (1) as penalty mail by the Secretary of 
                        Agriculture; and
                            (2) during the 90-day period immediately 
                        following the expiration of their terms of 
                        office, as franked mail by Members of Congress. 
                        (Aug. 12, 1970, Pub. L. 91-375, Sec. 2, 84 Stat. 
                        754; Oct. 26, 1981, Pub. L. 97-69, Sec. 5(b), 95 
                        Stat. 1043.)
        495  Sec. 3215. Lending or permitting use of frank unlawful.
                A person entitled to use a frank may not lend it or 
            permit its use by any committee, organization, or 
            association, or permit its use by any person for the benefit 
            or use of any committee, organization, or association. This 
            section does not apply to any standing, select, special, or 
            joint committee, or subcommittee thereof, or commission, of 
            the Senate, House of Representatives, or Congress, composed 
            of Members of Congress, or to the Democratic caucus or the 
            Republican conference of the House of Representatives or of 
            the Senate. (Aug. 12, 1970, Pub. L. 91-375, Sec. 2, 84 Stat. 
            754; Dec. 18, 1973, Pub. L. 93-191, Sec. 10, 87 Stat. 746.)
        496  Sec. 3216. Reimbursement for franked mailings.
                (a) The equivalent of--
                            (1) postage on, and fees and charges in 
                        connection with, mail matter sent through the 
                        mails--

                                (A) under the franking privilege (other 
                            than under section 3219 of this title), by 
                            the Vice President, Members of and Members-
                            elect to Congress, the Secretary of the 
                            Senate, the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, 
                            each of the elected officers of the House of 
                            Representatives (other than a Member of the 
                            House), the Legislative Counsels of the 
                            House of Representatives and the Senate, the 
                            Law Revision Counsel of the House of 
                            Representatives, and the Senate Legal 
                            Counsel; and

                                (B) by the survivors of a Member of 
                            Congress under section 3218 of this title; 
                            and

                            (2) those portions of fees and charges to be 
                        paid for handling and delivery by the Postal 
                        Service of Mailgrams considered as franked mail 
                        under section 3219 of this title;

            shall be paid by appropriation for the official mail costs 
            of the Senate and the House of Representatives for that 
            purpose and then paid to the Postal Service as postal 
            revenue. Except as to Mailgrams and except as provided by 
            sections 733 and 907 of title 44, envelopes, wrappers, 
            cards, or labels used to transmit franked mail shall bear, 
            in the upper right-hand corner, the sender's signature, or a 
            facsimile thereof.

                (b) Postage on, and fees and charges in connection with, 
            mail matter sent through the mails under section 3214 of 
            this title shall be paid each fiscal year, out of any 
            appropriation made for that purpose, to the Postal Service 
            as postal revenue in an amount equivalent to the postage, 
            fees, and charges which would otherwise be payable on, or in 
            connection with, such mail matter.
                (c) Payment under subsection (a) or (b) of this section 
            shall be deemed payment for all matter mailed under the 
            frank and for all fees and charges due the Postal Service in 
            connection therewith.
                (d) Money collected for matter improperly mailed under 
            the franking privilege shall be deposited as miscellaneous 
            receipts in the general fund of the Treasury.
                (e)(1) Not later than two weeks after the last day of 
            each quarter of the fiscal year, or as soon as practicable 
            thereafter, the Postmaster General shall send to the Chief 
            Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, the 
            House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards, the 
            Secretary of the Senate, and the Senate Committee on Rules 
            and Administration a report which shall contain a tabulation 
            of the estimated number of pieces and costs of franked mail, 
            as defined in section 3201 of this title, in each mail 
            classification sent through the mail for the quarter and for 
            the preceding quarters in the fiscal year, together with 
            separate tabulations of the number of pieces and costs of 
            such mail sent by the House and by the Senate.
                (2) Two weeks after the close of the second quarter of 
            the fiscal year, or as soon as practicable thereafter, the 
            Postmaster General shall send to the Chief Administrative 
            Officer of the House of Representatives, the House 
            Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards, the Committee 
            on House Oversight, the Secretary of the Senate, and the 
            Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, a statement of 
            the costs of postage on, and fees and charges in connection 
            with, mail matter sent through the mails as described in 
            subsection (1) of this section for the preceding two 
            quarters together with an estimate of such costs for the 
            balance of the fiscal year. As soon as practicable after 
            receipt of this statement, the House Commission on 
            Congressional Mailing Standards, the Committee on House 
            Oversight, and the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration shall consider promulgating such regulations 
            for their respective Houses as may be necessary to ensure 
            that total postage costs, as described in subsection (1) of 
            this section, will not exceed the amounts available for the 
            fiscal year. (Aug. 12, 1970, Pub. L. 91-375, Sec. 2, 84 
            Stat. 754; July 9, 1971, Pub. L. 92-51, Sec. 101, 85 Stat. 
            132; Dec. 18, 1973, Pub. L. 93-191, Sec. 7, 87 Stat. 745; 
            Mar. 27, 1974, Pub. L. 93-255, Sec. 2(a), 88 Stat. 52; Oct. 
            26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, Sec. 714(b), 92 Stat. 1884; Oct. 
            26, 1981, Pub. L. 97-69, Sec. 6(a), 95 Stat. 1043; Sept. 24, 
            1982, Pub. L. 97-263, Sec. 1, 96 Stat. 1132; Pub. L. 101-
            163, Title III, Sec. 316(b), formerly Sec. 316(c), Sec. 317, 
            Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1067, renumbered Pub. L. 101-520, 
            Title III, Sec. 311(h)(3)(B), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2280; 
            Pub. L. 102-90, Title III, Sec. 306, Aug. 14, 1991, 105 
            Stat. 466; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 220, Aug. 20, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 1748.)
      496.1  Sec. 3218. Franked mail for survivors of Members of 
                Congress.
                Upon the death of a Member of Congress during his term 
            of office, the surviving spouse of such Member (or, if there 
            is no surviving spouse, a member of the immediate family of 
            the Member designated by the Secretary of the Senate or the 
            Clerk of the House of Representatives, as appropriate, in 
            accordance with rules and procedures established by the 
            Secretary or the Clerk) may send, for a period not to exceed 
            180 days after his death, as franked mail, nonpolitical 
            correspondence relating to the death of the Member. (Aug. 
            12, 1970, Pub. L. 91-375, Sec. 2,

            84 Stat. 755; Dec. 18, 1973, Pub. L. 93-191, Sec. 11, 87 
            Stat. 746; Oct. 26, 1981, Pub. L. 97-69, Sec. 6 (b) and (c), 
            95 Stat. 1043.)

      496.2  Sec. 3219. Mailgrams.
                Any Mailgram sent by the Vice President, a Member of or 
            Member-elect to Congress, the Secretary of the Senate, the 
            Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, an elected officer of the 
            House of Representatives (other than a Member of the House), 
            the Legislative Counsel of the House of Representatives or 
            the Senate, the Law Revision Counsel of the House of 
            Representatives, or the Senate Legal Counsel, and then 
            delivered by the Postal Service, shall be considered as 
            franked mail, subject to section 3216(a)(2) of this title, 
            if such Mailgram contains matter of the kind authorized to 
            be sent by that official as franked mail under section 3210 
            of this title. (Added Dec. 18, 1973, Pub. L. 93-191, 
            Sec. 12, 87 Stat. 746; Oct. 26, 1978, Pub. L. 95-521, 
            Sec. 714(c), 92 Stat. 1884; Sept. 24, 1982, Pub. L. 97-263, 
            Sec. 1, 96 Stat. 1132.)
      496.3  Sec. 3220. Use of official mail in the location and recovery 
                of missing children.
                (a)(1) The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
            Prevention, after consultation with appropriate public and 
            private agencies, shall prescribe general guidelines under 
            which penalty mail may be used to assist in the location and 
            recovery of missing children. The guidelines shall provide 
            information relating to--
                            (A) the form and manner in which materials 
                        and information relating to missing children 
                        (such as biographical data and pictures, 
                        sketches, or other likenesses) may be included 
                        in penalty mail;
                            (B) appropriate sources from which such 
                        materials and information may be obtained;
                            (C) the procedures by which such materials 
                        and information may be obtained; and
                            (D) any other matter which the Office 
                        considers appropriate.
                (2) Each executive department and independent 
            establishment of the Government of the United States shall 
            prescribe regulations under which penalty mail sent by such 
            department or establishment may be used in conformance with 
            the guidelines prescribed under paragraph (1).
                (b) The Senate Committee on Rules and Administration and 
            the House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards 
            shall prescribe for their respective Houses rules and 
            regulations, and shall take such other action as the 
            Committee or Commission considers necessary and proper, in 
            order that purposes similar to those of subsection (a) may, 
            in the discretion of the congressional official or office 
            concerned, be carried out by the use of franked mail sent by 
            such official or office.
                (c) As used in this section, ``Office of Juvenile 
            Justice and Delinquency Prevention'' and ``Office'' each 
            means the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
            Prevention within the Department of Justice, as established 
            by section 201 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
            Prevention Act of 1974. (Aug. 9, 1985, Pub. L. 99-87, 
            Sec. 1(a)(1), 99 Stat. 290.)

                              39 u.s.c.--postal service

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

        497  
                  Domestic Mail Manual Provisions Relating to the 
                          Congressional Franking Privilege

            
                         Part E050--Official Mail (Franked)

            1.0  Basic Information

            1.1  Members of Congress. Official mail of Members of 
            Congress is sent without prepayment of postage and bears 
            instead a written or printed facsimile signature, or a 
            specified marking. Exhibit 1.1 shows what is accepted under 
            frank and who is authorized its use.

            1.2  Former President and Spouse. Any former President of 
            the United States and any surviving spouse of a former 
            President may send nonpolitical mail as franked mail if it 
            bears the sender's written or facsimile signature and the 
            words ``Postage and Fees Paid'' in the upper right corner of 
            the address side.

            1.3  Surviving Spouse of Member of Congress. When a Member 
            of Congress dies during the term of office, the Member's 
            surviving spouse may send correspondence relating to the 
            death without prepayment of postage, for a period not to 
            exceed 180 days after the death of the Member. The mail must 
            bear the sender's written or facsimile signature in the 
            upper right corner of the address side. If there is no 
            surviving spouse, this privilege may be exercised by an 
            immediate family member of the deceased Member of Congress 
            designated by the Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of 
            the House of Representatives, as appropriate.

            1.4  Use. A person entitled to use franked mail may not lend 
            this frank or permit its use by any committee, organization, 
            association, or other person. This restriction does not 
            apply to a committee of the Congress.

            1.5  Criteria. Franked mail must be addressed to the 
            recipient by name, except under A040 and must meet the 
            mailability criteria in C010, C020, and C030, and the 
            physical standards for the class of mail being used.\1\

                \1\ Part A040 describes alternative addressing formats. 
                Part C010 gives general mailability standards (such as 
                requisite dimensions, packaging, and containers). Part 
                C020 describes articles and substances prohibited 
                because they may be injurious to life, health or 
                property (such as liquor or firearms). Part C030 refers 
                to restricted forms of printed materials (such as 
                deceptive solicitations or sexually oriented 
                advertisements).

            1.6  Handling. Franked mail is entitled to all special 
            services for which it is properly endorsed, and is handled 
            and forwarded as ordinary mail, except that after delivery 
            to the addressee, it may not be remailed.

            1.7  Package to One Addressee. A person entitled to use 
            franked mail may send a package of franked mail to one 
            addressee, who may open the package and on behalf of such 
            person address the franked articles and mail them.

                                                   Exhibit 1.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          User entitled                Matter permitted           Marking required          Period authorized
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vice President of the United      Public documents printed   Public Document and the    During 90 days
 States, Members of Congress,      by order of Congress.      letters U.S.S. or M.C.     immediately after
 Resident Commissioners,                                      must appear on address     expiration of term of
 Secretary of the Senate,                                     side.                      office.
 Sergeant at Arms of the Senate,
 and each elected officer of the
 House of Representatives (other
 than Members of the House).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Members of Congress and Resident  Congressional Record or    Congressional Record or    During term of office
 Commissioners                     any part of it             Part of Congressional      only.
                                   (including reprints of     Record and U.S.S. or
                                   any part, speech, or       M.C. must appear on the
                                   report contained in it)    address side.
                                   if for official
                                   business, activities, or
                                   duties.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Members of Congress               Seed and agricultural      Signature and title        During 90 days
                                   reports from Department    (written or printed        immediately after
                                   of Agriculture.            facsimile) of person       expiration of term of
                                                              entitled to frank must     office.
                                                              appear on address side.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vice President of the United      Official correspondence    Mailgrams may be sent in   During term of office
 States, Members and Members-      including Mailgrams        standard Mailgram          only. When position of
 elect of Congress, Resident                                  envelopes. For other       Secretary, Sergeant at
 Commissioners, Secretary of the                              correspondence,            Arms, elected officer,
 Senate, Sergeant at Arms of the                              signature and title        Legislative Counsel,
 Senate, each elected officer of                              (written or printed        Law Revision Counsel,
 the House of Representatives                                 facsimile) of person       or Senate Legal Counsel
 (other than a Member of the                                  entitled to frank must     is vacant, privileges
 House), Legislative Counsels of                              appear on address side.    may be exercised in
 the House of Representatives                                                            officer's name by
 and the Senate, Law Revision                                                            authorized persons.
 Counsel of the House of
 Representatives, and Senate
 Legal Counsel.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vice President-elect              All mail connected with    Signature and title        Until assumption of
                                   preparation for            (written or printed        duties as Vice
                                   assumption of official     facsimile) of Vice         President.
                                   duties as Vice President.  President-elect must
                                                              appear on address side.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Former Vice President, each       Matter on official         Signature and title        During 90 days
 former Member of Congress,        business about closing     (written or printed        immediately after date
 former Secretary of the Senate,   of offices.                facsimile) of person       of leaving office.
 former Sergeant at Arms of the                               entitled to frank must
 Senate, each former elected                                  appear on address side.
 officer of the House (other
 than a former Member of the
 House), and each former
 Delegate or Resident
 Commissioner.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Former Speakers of the House      Public documents, seeds,   Signature and title        For as long as the
                                   and agricultural reports   (written or printed        former Speaker
                                   from Department of         facsimile) of former       determines necessary.
                                   Agriculture, official      Speaker, or Mailgram or
                                   correspondence including   public document marking
                                   Mailgrams.                 as shown above, must
                                                              appear on address side.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  40 u.s.c.--public buildings, property, and works

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                  TITLE 40.--PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PROPERTY, AND WORKS

            
                      Chapter 2.--CAPITOL BUILDING AND GROUNDS

        500  Sec. 161. Title of Superintendent of Capitol Building and 
                Grounds changed to Architect of the Capitol.
                The title of ``Superintendent of the Capitol Building 
            and Grounds'' is changed to ``Architect of the Capitol.'' 
            (Mar. 3, 1921, ch. 124, Sec. 1, 41 Stat. 1291.)
        501  Sec. 162. Architect of the Capitol; powers and duties.
                The Architect of the Capitol shall perform all the 
            duties relative to the Capitol Building performed prior to 
            August 15, 1876, by the Commissioner of Public Buildings and 
            Grounds, and shall be appointed by the President: Provided, 
            That no change in the architectural features of the Capitol 
            Building or in the landscape features of the Capitol Grounds 
            shall be made except on plans to be approved by Congress. 
            (Aug. 15, 1876, ch. 287, Sec. 1, 19 Stat. 147; Feb. 14, 
            1902, ch. 17, Sec. 1, 32 Stat. 20; Mar. 3, 1921, ch. 124, 
            Sec. 1, 41 Stat. 1291.)
      501.1  Sec. 162-1. Appointment of Architect of the Capitol.
                (a)(1) The Architect of the Capitol shall be appointed 
            by the President by and with the advice and consent of the 
            Senate for a term of 10 years.
                (2) There is established a commission to recommend 
            individuals to the President for appointment to the office 
            of Architect of the Capitol. The Commission shall be 
            composed of--
                            (A) the Speaker of the House of 
                        Representatives,
                            (B) the President pro tempore of the Senate,
                            (C) the majority and minority leaders of the 
                        House of Representatives and the Senate, and
                            (D) the chairmen and the ranking minority 
                        members of the Committee on House Oversight of 
                        the House of Representatives, the Committee on 
                        Rules Administration of the Senate, the 
                        Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                        Representatives, and the Committee on 
                        Appropriations of the Senate.

            The commission shall recommend at least three individuals 
            for appointment to such office.

                (3) An individual appointed Architect of the Capitol 
            under paragraph (1) shall be eligible for reappointment to 
            such office.
                (b) Subsection (a) of this section shall be effective in 
            the case of appointments made to fill vacancies in the 
            office of Architect of the Capitol which occur on or after 
            November 21, 1989. If no such vacancy occurs within the six-
            year period which begins on November 21, 1989, no individual 
            may, after the expiration of such period, hold such office 
            unless the individual is appointed in accordance with 
            subsection (a). (Pub. L. 101-163, Title III, Sec. 319, Nov. 
            21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1068; Pub. L. 104-19, Sec. 701, July 27, 
            1995, 109 Stat. 220.)
      501.2  Sec. 162a. Compensation of Architect of Capitol.
                The compensation of the Architect of the Capitol shall 
            be at an annual rate which is equal to the annual rate of 
            basic pay payable for positions at level III of the 
            Executive Schedule under section 5314 of Title 5. (Aug. 14, 
            1964, Pub. L. 88-426, Sec. 203(c), 78 Stat. 415; Dec. 16, 
            1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 219, 81 Stat. 639; Salary 
            Recommendations, Budget, 1970, pursuant to Act Dec. 16, 
            1967, Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(h), 81 Stat. 634; August 9, 
            1975, Pub. L. 94-82, Title II, Sec. 204(b), 89 Stat. 421; 
            Dec. 14, 1979, Pub. L. 96-146, Sec. 1(1), 93 Stat. 1086.)
      501.3  Sec. 162b. Semiannual report of expenditures by Architect of 
                Capitol.
                (1) Commencing with the semiannual period beginning 
            January 1, 1965, and for each semiannual period thereafter, 
            the Architect of the Capitol shall compile and, not later 
            than sixty days following the close of the semiannual 
            period, submit to the Senate and the House of 
            Representatives a report of all expenditures made from 
            monies appropriated to the Architect of the Capitol, based 
            on payrolls and other vouchers transmitted during such 
            period to the Treasury Department for disbursement, such 
            report to include (1) the name, title, and gross salary 
            payment to each employee; (2) a list of government 
            contributions to retirement, health insurance, and other 
            similar funds; and (3) name of payee, brief description of 
            service rendered or items furnished under contract, purchase 
            order or other agreement. Such report shall be printed as a 
            Senate document.
                (2) The report by the Architect of the Capitol under 
            paragraph (1) for the semiannual period beginning on January 
            1, 1976, shall include the period beginning on July 1, 1976, 
            and ending on September 30, 1976, and such semiannual period 
            shall be treated as closing on September 30, 1976. 
            Thereafter, the report by the Architect of the Capitol under 
            paragraph (1) shall be for the semiannual periods beginning 
            on October 1 and ending on March 31 and beginning on April 1 
            and ending on September 30 of each year. (As amended Pub. L. 
            94-303, Title I, Sec. 118(c), June 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 616.)
        502  Sec. 163. Care and superintendence of Capitol by Architect 
                of Capitol.
                The Architect of the Capitol shall have the care and 
            superintendence of the Capitol, including lighting. His 
            office shall be in the Capitol Building. (Aug. 15, 1876, ch. 
            287, Sec. 1, 19 Stat. 147; Mar. 3, 1877, ch. 102, 19 Stat. 
            298; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, Sec. 3(14), 65 Stat. 708.)
        503  Sec. 163a. Exterior of Capitol, duty of Architect.
                It shall be the duty of the Architect to clean and keep 
            in proper order the exterior of the Capitol. (July 7, 1884, 
            ch. 332, 23 Stat. 209.)
        504  Sec. 163b. Delegation of authority by Architect of Capitol.
                The Architect of the Capitol is authorized hereafter to 
            delegate to the Assistant Architect and other assistants 
            such authority of the Architect as he may deem proper. (Aug. 
            5, 1955, ch. 568, 69 Stat. 515.)
        505  Sec. 164a. Assistant Architect of Capitol to act in case of 
                absence, disability, or vacancy.
                On and after August 18, 1970, the Assistant Architect of 
            the Capitol shall act as Architect of the Capitol during the 
            absence or disability of that official or whenever there is 
            no Architect. (Aug. 18, 1970, Pub. L. 91-382, Sec. 101, 84 
            Stat. 817; Pub. L. 101-163, Sec. 106(d), 103 Stat. 1057, 
            Nov. 21, 1989.)
        506  Sec. 166. Architect of Capitol; repairs of Capitol.
                All improvements, alterations, additions, and repairs of 
            the Capitol Building shall be made by the direction and 
            under the supervision of the Architect of the Capitol. (R.S. 
            Sec. 1816; Feb. 14, 1902, ch. 17, Sec. 1, 32 Stat. 20; Mar. 
            3, 1921, ch. 124, Sec. 1, 41 Stat. 1291; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 
            654, Sec. 3(15), 65 Stat. 708.)
      506.1     Extension, Reconstruction, and Replacement of Central 
                        Portion of the United States Capitol
                Section 101 of Act of August 5, 1955, as amended by the 
            Act of September 29, 1969, Pub. L. 91-77, 83 Stat. 124, 
            provides in part that:
                ``The Architect of the Capitol is hereby authorized, 
            under the direction of a Commission for Extension of the 
            United States Capitol, to be composed of the President of 
            the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the 
            majority leader of the Senate, the majority leader of the 
            House of Representatives, the minority leader of the House 
            of Representatives, and the Architect of the Capitol, to 
            provide for the extension, reconstruction, and replacement 
            of the central portion of the United States Capitol in 
            substantial accordance with scheme B of the architectural 
            plan submitted by a joint commission of Congress and 
            reported to Congress on March 3, 1905 (House Document 
            numbered 385, Fifty-eighth Congress), but with such 
            modifications and additions, including provisions for 
            restaurant facilities, and such other facilities on the 
            Capitol Grounds, together with utilities, equipment, 
            approaches, and other appurtenant or necessary items, as may 
            be approved by said Commission.''
            Cross Reference
                Changes in architectural features of the Capitol 
            Building or in landscape features of Capitol Grounds, see 
            section 162 of this title (Senate Manual section 501).
            Note
                Section 305 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations 
            Act, 1993, provided that:
                ``Sec. 305. (a) The Architect of the Capitol, in 
            consultation with the heads of the agencies of the 
            legislative branch, shall develop an overall plan for 
            satisfying the telecommunications requirements of such 
            agencies, using a common system architecture for maximum 
            interconnection capability and engineering compatibility. 
            The plan shall be subject to joint approval by the Committee 
            on House Administration of the House of Representatives and 
            the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, 
            and, upon approval, shall be communicated to the Committee 
            on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the 
            Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. No part of any 
            appropriation in this Act or any other Act shall be used for 
            acquisition of any new or expanded telecommunications system 
            for an agency of the legislative branch, unless, as 
            determined by the Architect of the Capitol, the acquisition 
            is in conformance with the plan, as approved.
                ``(b) As used in this section--
                  ``(1) the term ``agency of the legislative branch'' 
                means, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the 
                Botanic Garden, the General Accounting Office, the 
                Government Printing Office, the Library of Congress, the 
                Office of Technology Assessment, and the Congressional 
                Budget Office; and
                  ``(2) the term ``telecommunications system'' means an 
                electronic system for voice, data, or image 
                communication, including any associated cable and 
                switching equipment.''
                ``(c) This section shall apply with respect to fiscal 
            years beginning after September 30, 1992.'' (Pub. L. 102-
            392, Title III, Sec. 305, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1721.)
            Note
                Section 168 of the Energy Policy Act, 1992, provided 
            Energy Management Requirements for Congressional Buildings 
            as follows:
                ``(a) In general.--The Architect of the Capitol 
            (hereafter in this section [this note] referred to as the 
            `Architect') shall undertake a program of analysis and, as 
            necessary, retrofit of the Capitol Building, the Senate 
            Office Buildings, the House Office Buildings, and the 
            Capitol Grounds, in accordance with subsection (b).
                ``(b) Program.--
                        ``(1) Lighting.--

``(A) Implementation.--

``(i) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment 
of this Act [Oct. 24, 1992] and subject to the availability of funds to 
carry out this section [this note], the Architect shall begin implementing 
a program to replace in each building described in subsection (a) all 
inefficient office and general use area fluorescent lighting systems with 
systems that incorporate the best available design and technology and that 
have payback periods of 10 years or less, as determined by using methods 
and procedures established under section 544(a) of the National Energy and 
Conservation Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 8254(a)).

``(ii) Replacement of incandescent lighting.--Whenever practicable in 
office and general use areas, the Architect shall replace incandescent 
lighting with efficient fluorescent lighting.

``(B) Completion.--Subject to the availability of funds to carry out this 
section [this note], the program described in subparagraph (A) shall be 
completed not later than 5 years after the date of the enactment of this 
Act [Oct. 24, 1992].

                        ``(2) Evaluation and report.--

``(A) In general.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment 
of this Act [Oct. 24, 1992], the Architect shall submit to the Speaker of 
the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate a 
report evaluating potential energy conservation measures for each building 
described in subsection (a) in the areas of heating, ventilation, air 
conditioning equipment, insulation, windows, domestic hot water, food 
service equipment, and automatic control equipment.

``(B) Costs.--The report submitted under subparagraph (A) shall detail the 
projected installation cost, energy and cost savings, and payback period of 
each energy conservation measure, as determined by using methods and 
procedures established under section 544(a) of the National Energy 
Conservation Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 8254(a)).

                        ``(3) Review and approval of energy conservation 
                    measures.--The Committee on Public Works and 
                    Transportation of the House of Representatives and 
                    the Committee on Rules and Administration of the 
                    Senate shall review the energy conservation measures 
                    identified in accordance with paragraph (2) and 
                    shall approve any such measure before it may be 
                    implemented.
                        ``(4) Utility incentive programs.--In carrying 
                    out this section [this note], the Architect is 
                    authorized and encouraged to--

``(A) accept any rebate or other financial incentive offered through a 
program for energy conservation or demand management of electricity, water, 
or gas that--

``(i) is conducted by an electric, natural gas, or water utility;

``(ii) is generally available to customers of the utility; and

``(iii) provides for the adoption of energy efficiency technologies or 
practices that the Architect determines are cost-effective for the 
buildings described in subsection (a); and

``(B) enter into negotiations with electric and natural gas utilities to 
design a special demand management and conservation incentive program to 
address the unique needs of the buildings described in subsection (a).

                        ``(5) Use of savings.--The Architect shall use 
                    an amount equal to the rebate or other savings from 
                    the financial incentive programs under paragraph 
                    (4)(A), without additional authorization or 
                    appropriation, for the implementation of additional 
                    energy and water conservation measures in the 
                    buildings under the jurisdiction of the Architect.
                ``(c) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
            authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to 
            carry out this section [this note].'' (Pub. L. 102-486, 
            Title I, Sec. 168, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2862.)
        507  Sec. 166a. [Omitted.].

  

      508.1  Sec. 166b-1a. Compensation of employees under Architect of 
                the Capitol; single per annum gross rates of pay.
                Whenever the rate of pay of--
                            (1) an employee of the Office of Architect 
                        of the Capitol;
                    or
                            (2) an employee of the House Restaurant or 
                        of the Senate Restaurant, under the supervision 
                        of the Architect of the Capitol as an agent of 
                        the House or Senate, respectively, as the case 
                        may be,

            is fixed or adjusted on or after the effective date of this 
            section, that rate, as so fixed and adjusted, shall be a 
            single per annum gross rate. (Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-510, 
            Sec. 481, 84 Stat. 1196.)

      508.2  Sec. 166b-1b. Conversion by Architect of Capitol of existing 
                basic pay rates to per annum gross pay rates.
                The Architect of the Capitol shall convert, as of the 
            effective date of this section, to a single per annum gross 
            rate, the rate of pay of each employee described in 
            subparagraph (1) or subparagraph (2) of section 166b-1a of 
            this title, whose pay immediately prior to such effective 
            date was fixed at a basic rate with respect to which 
            additional pay was payable by law. (Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 
            91-510, Sec. 482, 84 Stat. 1196.)
      508.3  Sec. 166b-1c. Obsolete references in existing law to basic 
                pay rates.
                In any case in which--
                            (1) the rate of pay of, or any maximum or 
                        minimum rate of pay with respect to--

                                (A) any employee described in 
                            subparagraph (1) or subparagraph (2) of 
                            section 166b-1a of this title, or

                                (B) the position of such employee, or

                                (C) any class or group of such employees 
                            or positions, is referred to in or provided 
                            by statute or other authority;

                    and
                            (2) the rate so referred to or provided is a 
                        basic rate with respect to which additional pay 
                        is provided by law;

            such statutory provision or authority shall be deemed to 
            refer, in lieu of such basic rate, to the per annum gross 
            rate which an employee receiving such basic rate immediately 
            prior to the effective date of this section would receive, 
            without regard to such statutory provision or authority, 
            under section 166b-1b of this title on and after such date. 
            (Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-510, Sec. 483, 84 Stat. 1196.)

      508.4  Sec. 166b-1d. Savings provisions.
                The provisions of sections 166b-1a to 166b-1f of this 
            title shall not be construed to--
                            (1) limit or otherwise affect any authority 
                        for the making of any appointment to, or for 
                        fixing or adjusting the pay for, the position of 
                        any employee described in subparagraph (1) or 
                        subparagraph (2) of section 166b-1a of this 
                        title;
                            (2) affect the continuity of employment of, 
                        or reduce the pay of, any employee holding any 
                        position referred to in subparagraph (1) of this 
                        section; or
                            (3) modify, change, supersede, or otherwise 
                        affect the provisions of sections 5504 and 
                        6101(a)(5) of title 5, insofar as such sections 
                        relate to the Office of the Architect of the 
                        Capitol. (Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-510, 
                        Sec. 484, 84 Stat. 1197.)
      508.5  Sec. 166b-1e. Effect on existing law.
                (a) All provisions of law inconsistent with sections 
            166b-1a to 166b-1f of this title are hereby superseded to 
            the extent of the inconsistency.
                (b) Sections 5504 and 6101(a)(5) of title 5 shall apply 
            to employees of the House and Senate Restaurants who are 
            paid at per annum rates of pay as long as such employees are 
            under the supervision of the Architect of the Capitol as an 
            agent of the House or Senate, respectively, as the case may 
            be. (Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-510, Sec. 485, 84 Stat. 
            1197.)
      508.6  Sec. 166b-1f. Exemptions.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of sections 166b-1a 
            to 166b-1f of this title, the foregoing provisions of such 
            sections do not apply to any employee described in section 
            166b-1a of this title whose pay is fixed and adjusted--
                            (1) in accordance with chapter 51, and 
                        subchapter III of chapter 53, of title 5, 
                        relating to classification and General Schedule 
                        pay rates;
                            (2) in accordance with subchapter IV of 
                        chapter 53 of title 5, relating to prevailing 
                        rate pay systems;
                            (3) at per hour or per diem rates in 
                        accordance with section 3 of the Legislative Pay 
                        Act of 1929, as amended (46 Stat. 38; 55 Stat. 
                        615), relating to employees performing 
                        professional and technical services for the 
                        Architect of the Capitol in connection with 
                        construction projects and employees under the 
                        Office of the Architect of the Capitol whose 
                        tenure of employment is temporary or of 
                        uncertain duration; or
                            (4) in accordance with prevailing rates 
                        under authority of sections 174j-1 to 174j-7 of 
                        this title entitled ``Joint Resolution 
                        transferring the management of the Senate 
                        Restaurants to the Architect of the Capitol, and 
                        for other purposes'', or section 174k of this 
                        title, relating to the duties of the Architect 
                        of the Capitol with respect to the House of 
                        Representatives Restaurant. (Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. 
                        L. 91-510, Sec. 486, 84 Stat. 1197.)
        509  Sec. 166b-2. Registered nurses compensated under 
                appropriations for Capitol Buildings, Senate Office 
                Buildings, and House Office Buildings; allocation to 
                General Schedule salary grade.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, effective on 
            the first day of the first applicable pay period which 
            begins on or after December 27, 1974, the positions of 
            registered nurses compensated under appropriations for 
            Capitol Buildings, Senate Office Buildings, and House Office 
            Buildings shall be allocated by the Architect of the Capitol 
            at not to exceed grade 12 of the General Schedule.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, effective 
            January 1, 1975, none of the funds appropriated to the 
            Architect of the Capitol shall thereafter be available for 
            any nursing position unless the position is occupied by a 
            Registered Nurse: Provided, That such provision shall not be 
            applicable to the present incumbents of such positions. 
            (June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85-462, 72 Stat. 208; Dec. 27, 1974, 
            Pub. L. 93-554, Sec. 101, 88 Stat. 1777; Pub. L. 101-520, 
            Sec. 109, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2269; Pub. L. 103-283, 
            Title I, Sec. 103, July 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 1435.)
      509.1  Sec. 166b-3a. Compensation of certain positions in Office of 
                Architect of Capitol.
            (a) Amount of compensation to be that specified in 
                appropriations Acts.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the pay for 
            positions described in subsection (b) shall be the amounts 
            specified for such positions in appropriations Acts.
            (b) Positions covered.
                The positions referred to in subsection (a) of this 
            section are--
                            (1) the position of assistant referred to in 
                        the proviso in the first undesignated paragraph 
                        under the center subheadings ``Office of the 
                        Architect of the Capitol'' and ``salaries'' in 
                        the first section of the Legislative Branch 
                        Appropriation Act, 1971 (40 U.S.C. 164a), and
                            (2) the eight positions provided for in the 
                        third and fourth undesignated paragraphs under 
                        the center subheadings ``Office of the Architect 
                        of the Capitol'' and ``salaries'' in the first 
                        section of the Legislative Branch Appropriation 
                        Act, 1960 (40 U.S.C. 166b-3).
            (c) Calculation of amounts.
                The pay for each position described in subsection (b) 
            shall be the pay payable for such position with respect to 
            the last pay period before this section takes effect, 
            subject to any applicable adjustment during fiscal year 1988 
            under, or by reference to any applicable adjustment during 
            fiscal year 1988 under, subchapter I of chapter 53 of title 
            5.
            (d) Effective date.
                This section shall apply in fiscal years beginning after 
            September 30, 1987, with respect to pay periods beginning 
            after December 22, 1987. (Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 101(i) 
            [Title III, Sec. 308], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329-309; 
            Pub. L. 101-163, Title I, Sec. 106(e), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 
            Stat. 1057.)
      509.2  Sec. 166b-6. Assignment and reassignment of personnel by 
                Architect of the Capitol for personal services.
                Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, in order to 
            improve the economic use of the personal services of his 
            employees, the Architect of the Capitol is authorized 
            hereafter to assign and reassign, without increase or 
            decrease in basic salary or wages, any person on the 
            employment rolls of his Office, for personal services in any 
            buildings, facilities or grounds under his jurisdiction or 
            for personal services in connection with any project under 
            his jurisdiction for which appropriations have been made and 
            are available, whenever such action, in his opinion, will be 
            most advantageous to the interest of or result in either 
            specific or overall savings to the Government. Exceptions 
            may be made where there are differences in equipment. No 
            assignment or reassignment of personnel by the Architect of 
            the Capitol pursuant to this provision shall operate in any 
            respect to augment or decrease any general or specific 
            appropriation. (Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 106, Dec. 22, 1987, 
            101 Stat. 1329-433.)
            Note
                Sections 104 and 105 of Pub. L. 100-458, Oct. 1, 1988, 
            (102 Stat. 2171), provided that:
                ``Sec. 104. Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, 
            the Architect of the Capitol is hereby authorized to (1) 
            develop a pilot program to determine the economic 
            feasibility and efficiency of centralizing certain 
            maintenance functions, to assign and reassign, without 
            increase or decrease in basic salary or wages, any person on 
            the employment rolls of the Office of the Architect of the 
            Capitol, for personal services in any buildings, facilities, 
            or grounds under his jurisdiction for which appropriations 
            have been made and are available; (2) maintain appropriate 
            cost and productivity records for the program; and (3) 
            report to appropriate authorities, including the Committees 
            on Appropriations, on the results of the program, together 
            with recommendations for continuation or expansion of the 
            program.
                ``Sec. 105. The Architect of the Capitol, under the 
            direction of the Joint Committee on the Library, is 
            authorized to accept donations to restore and display the 
            Statue of Freedom model.''.
        510  Sec. 168. Heating and ventilating Senate wing.
                All engineers and others who are engaged in heating and 
            ventilating the Senate wing of the Capitol shall be subject 
            to the orders and in all respects under the direction of the 
            Architect of the Capitol, subject to the approval of the 
            Senate Committee on Rules and Administration. (July 11, 
            1888, ch. 615, Sec. 1, 25 Stat. 258; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 
            Sec. Sec. 102, 224, 60 Stat. 814, 838.)
        511  Sec. 170. Purchase of furniture or carpets for House or 
                Senate.
                No furniture or carpets for either House shall be 
            purchased without the written order of the chairman of the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration, for the Senate, or 
            without the written order of the chairman of the Committee 
            on House Oversight of the House of Representatives, for the 
            House of Representatives. (R.S. Sec. 1816; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 
            753, Sec. Sec. 102, 121, 224, 60 Stat. 814, 822, 838; Aug. 
            20, 1996, Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 221(2), 110 Stat. 
            1748.)
      511.1  (Transferred)
            Note
                This section transferred to 2 U.S.C. Sec. 117b-1. 
            (Senate Manual section 300.)
        512  Sec. 174b. Senate Office Building; approval of structural 
                changes by Architect of Capitol.
                Structural changes in the Senate Office Building \1\ 
            shall only be made with the approval of the Architect of the 
            Capitol. (July 1, 1941, ch. 268, Sec. 1, 55 Stat. 458.)
                \1\See Senate Manual sections 79.8, 79.9.
        513  Sec. 174b-1. Additional Senate office building.
                Upon completion of the additional office building \1\ 
            for the United States Senate, the building and the grounds 
            and sidewalks surrounding the same shall be subject to the 
            provisions of sections 174c, 174d, 193a--193m, 212a, and 
            212b of this title, in the same manner and to the same 
            extent as the present Senate Office Building\1\ and the 
            grounds and sidewalks surrounding the same. (June 25, 1948, 
            ch. 658, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 1029.)
      513.1       Extension of Additional Senate Office Building Site
                To enable the Architect of the Capitol, under the 
            direction of the Senate Office Building Commission, to 
            acquire on behalf of the United States, by purchase, 
            condemnation, transfer, or otherwise, in addition to the 
            real property contained in square 724 in the District of 
            Columbia heretofore acquired under Public Law 85-429, 
            approved May 29, 1958 (72 Stat. 148-149), and Public Law 91-
            382, approved August 18, 1970 (84 Stat. 819), for purposes 
            of further extension of such site or for additions to the 
            United States Capitol Grounds, all publicly or privately 
            owned real property contained in lot 18 in square 724 in the 
            District of Columbia, as such square appears on the records 
            in the Office of the Surveyor of the District of Columbia as 
            of the date of the approval of this Act: Provided, That for 
            the purposes of this Act, square 724 shall be deemed to 
            extent to the outer face of the curbs surrounding such 
            square: Provided further, That, upon acquisition of any real 
            property under this Act, the jurisdiction of the Capitol 
            Police shall extend over such property: Provided further, 
            That, any proceeding for condemnation brought under this Act 
            shall be conducted in accordance with the Act of December 
            23, 1963 (16 D.C. Code, secs. 1351-1368): Provided further, 
            That upon acquisition of any real property pursuant to this 
            Act, the Architect of the Capitol, when directed by the 
            Senate Office Building Commission to so act, is authorized 
            to provide for the demolition and/or removal of any 
            structures on, or constituting a part of, such property and 
            to use the property for Government purposes or to lease any 
            or all of such property for such periods and under such 
            terms and conditions as he may deem most advantageous to the 
            United States and to incur any necessary expenses in 
            connection therewith: Provided further, That, such real 
            property, when acquired under authority of this Act, shall 
            be subject to the provisions of the Act of July 31, 1946, as 
            amended (40 U.S.C. 193a-193m, 212a, and 212b): Provided 
            further, That, the Architect of the Capitol, under the 
            direction of the Senate Office Building Commission, is 
            authorized to enter into contracts and to make such 
            expenditures, including expenditures for personal and other 
            services, expenditures authorized by Public Law 91-646, 
            approved January 2, 1971 (84 Stat. 1894-1907), applicable to 
            the Architect of the Capitol, and expenditures for any other 
            required items, as may be necessary to carry out the 
            provisions of the appropriation; $270,000, to remain 
            available until expended. (Dec. 15, 1971, Pub. L. 92-184, 85 
            Stat. 637.)
      513.2     Construction of an Extension to the New Senate Office 
                                     Building\1\
                To enable the Architect of the Capitol, under the 
            direction of the Senate Office Building Commission, to 
            provide for the construction and equipment of an extension 
            to the New Senate Office Building,\1\ in accordance with 
            plans approved by such Commission and by the Senate 
            Committee on Public Works, on the east half of square 725 
            including the public alley separating the east and west 
            halves of such square, but excluding lot 885 in such square, 
            containing office rooms and such other rooms and 
            accommodations as may be approved by the Senate Office 
            Building Commission, and by the Senate Committee on Public 
            Works, including structural and other changes in the 
            existing new Senate Office Building \1\ necessitated by such 
            construction, together with approaches, connections with the 
            Capitol Power Plant and public utilities, and architectural 
            landscape treatment of the grounds: Provided, That upon 
            completion of the project, the building and the grounds and 
            sidewalks surrounding the same shall be subject to the 
            provisions of the Act of June 8, 1942 (40 U.S.C. 174 (c) and 
            (d)), and the Act of July 31, 1946 (40 U.S.C. 193a-193m, 
            212a and 212b) in the same manner and to the same extent as 
            the present Senate Office Buildings and the grounds and 
            sidewalks surrounding the same: Provided further, That 
            during each fiscal year, the Senate Committee on Public 
            Works shall examine the progress and costs of construction 
            of such building and take such steps as are necessary to 
            insure its economical construction: Provided further, That 
            the Architect of the Capitol, under the direction of the 
            Senate Office Building Commission, is authorized and 
            directed to enter into such contracts, incur such 
            obligations, and make such expenditures, including 
            expenditures for personal and other services, as may be 
            necessary to carry out the provisions of this paragraph; 
            $47,925,000, to remain available until expended.
      513.3  Acquisition of Property as a Site for Parking Facilities for 
                              the United States Senate
                To enable the Architect of the Capitol, under the 
            direction of the Senate Office Building Commission, in 
            addition to the real property contained in square 724 in the 
            District of Columbia heretofore acquired under Public Law 
            85-429, approved May 29, 1958 (72 Stat. 148-149), Public Law 
            91-382, approved August 18, 1970 (84 Stat. 819), and Public 
            Law 92-184, approved December 15, 1971 (85 Stat. 637), to 
            acquire on behalf of the United States, by purchase, 
            condemnation, transfer, or otherwise, as a site for parking 
            facilities for the United States Senate, all publicly or 
            privately owned real property contained in lots 79, 80, 86, 
            94, 805, 806, 833, 838, 839, 840, and 844 in square 724 in 
            the District of Columbia, and all alleys or parts of alleys 
            and streets contained within the curblines surrounding such 
            square, as such square appears on the records in the office 
            of the surveyor of the District of Columbia as of the date 
            of the approval of this Act: Provided, That for the purposes 
            of this paragraph, square 724 shall be deemed to extend to 
            the outer face of the curbs surrounding such square: 
            Provided further, That, upon acquisition of any real 
            property under this paragraph, the jurisdiction of the 
            Capitol Police shall extend over such property, and any 
            property acquired under this paragraph shall become a part 
            of the United States Capitol Grounds and be subject to the 
            provisions of sections 193a-193m, 212a, and 212b of title 
            40, United States Code: Provided further, That any 
            proceeding for condemnation brought under this paragraph 
            shall be conducted in accordance with the Act of December 
            23, 1963 (16 D.C. Code secs. 1351-1368): Provided further, 
            That, notwithstanding any other provision of law, any real 
            property owned by the United States and any public alleys or 
            parts of alleys and streets contained within the curblines 
            surrounding square 724, shall, upon request of the Architect 
            of the Capitol, made with the approval of the Senate Office 
            Building Commission, be transferred to the jurisdiction and 
            control of the Architect of the Capitol without 
            reimbursement or transfer of funds, and any alleys or parts 
            of alleys or streets contained within the curblines of said 
            square shall be closed and vacated by the Commissioner of 
            the District of Columbia, appointed pursuant to part III of 
            Reorganization Plan Numbered 3 of 1967, in accordance with 
            any request therefore made by the Architect of the Capitol 
            with the approval of such Commission: Provided further, 
            That, upon acquisition of any real property pursuant to this 
            paragraph, the Architect of the Capitol, when directed by 
            the Senate Office Building Commission to so act, is 
            authorized to provide for the demolition and/or removal of 
            any buildings or other structures on, or constituting a part 
            of, such property and, pending demolition, to use the 
            property for Government purposes or to lease any or all of 
            such property for such periods and under such terms and 
            conditions as he may deem most advantageous to the United 
            States and to incur any necessary expenses in connection 
            therewith: Provided further, That nothing herein shall be 
            construed to prohibit the continued use of areas in square 
            724, acquired under authority of the Acts of May 29, 1958, 
            August 18, 1970, and December 15, 1971, herein before cited, 
            for the parking of automobiles, until such times as such 
            areas may be required for construction purposes: Provided 
            further, That the Architect of the Capitol, under the 
            direction of Senate Office Building Commission, is 
            authorized to enter into such contracts, incur such 
            obligations, and make such expenditures, including 
            expenditures for personal and other services, and 
            expenditures authorized by Public Law 91-646, approved 
            January 2, 1971 (84 Stat. 1894-1907) applicable to the 
            Architect of the Capitol, as may be necessary to carry out 
            the provisions of this paragraph; $4,075,000, to remain 
            available until expended.
      513.4     Plans for Garage and Related Facilities for the United 
                                    States Senate
                To enable the Architect of the Capitol to initiate and 
            conduct a study, after consultation with the appropriate 
            Federal agencies and individuals experienced in the design 
            of vehicle parking structures, to explore design and cost 
            alternatives for construction, on square 724, of a parking 
            garage with limited commercial facilities, and report his 
            preliminary findings and recommendations to the Senate 
            Committee on Public Works: Provided, That the Architect of 
            the Capitol, concurrently with such study, is authorized to 
            establish, for the purpose of development of a basic concept 
            therefor, an architectural design competition, in order to 
            encourage the preparation of an imaginative design for the 
            garage structure, including limited commercial facilities 
            and landscaping and to assure a pleasant transition to and 
            maximum coordination with the surrounding residential and 
            commercial community in that area of Northeast Washington 
            within sight of or adjoining the Capitol Grounds: Provided 
            further, That such design concept may consider and include 
            existing and future land use and structures in said 
            surrounding community, and shall consider any existing model 
            cities or other governmental planning for such Northeast 
            area, including that of the National Capitol Planning 
            Commission: Provided further, That guidelines and criteria 
            specifically defining the limits, scope, and all aspects of 
            the competition shall be developed and promulgated by the 
            Architect of the Capitol, with the approval of the Senate 
            Office Building Commission, and an award for the best design 
            or designs shall be determined by a committee jointly 
            designated for this purpose by the Architect of the Capitol 
            and the Senate Office Building Commission, in such amount as 
            they may deem to be appropriate: Provided further, That the 
            Architect of the Capitol, under the direction of the Senate 
            Office Building Commission, is authorized and directed to 
            enter into such contracts, incur such obligations, and make 
            such expenditures, including expenditures for personal and 
            other services, as may be necessary to carry out the 
            provisions of this paragraph; $50,000, to remain available 
            until expended. (Oct. 31, 1972, Pub. L. 92-607, 86 Stat. 
            1510.)
      513.5  City Post Office Building; Leased Property as Part of Senate 
                                  Office Buildings
                (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
            Architect of the Capitol, subject to the approval of the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration, is authorized to 
            lease, for use by the United States Senate, and for such 
            other purposes as such committee may approve, 150,000 square 
            feet of space, more or less, in the property located at 2 
            Massachusetts Avenue, N.E., Washington, District of 
            Columbia, known as the City Post Office Building: Provided, 
            That rental payments shall be paid from the account 
            `Architect of the Capitol, Senate Office Buildings' upon 
            vouchers approved by the Architect of the Capitol: Provided 
            further, That nothing in this section shall be construed so 
            as to obligate the Senate or any of its Members, officers, 
            or employees to enter into any such lease or to imply any 
            obligation to enter into any such lease.
                (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, property 
            leased under authority of subsection (a) shall be maintained 
            by the Architect of the Capitol as part of the `Senate 
            Office Buildings' subject to the laws, rules, and 
            regulations governing such buildings, and the Architect is 
            authorized to incur such expenses as may be necessary to 
            provide for such occupancy.
                (c) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the 
            `Architect of the Capitol, Senate Office Buildings' such 
            sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of 
            subsections (a) and (b).
                (d) There is authorized to be appropriated to the 
            Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate such sums as 
            may be necessary to provide for the planning and relocation 
            of offices and equipment to the property described in 
            subsection (a), subject to direction by the Committee on 
            Rules and Administration.
                (e) The authority under this section shall continue 
            until otherwise provided by law. (Pub. L. 101-520, Title I. 
            Sec. 107, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2267.)
      513.6  Acquisition of Property For Use as Residential Facility For 
                             United States Senate Pages
                (a) Acquisition of property.--The Architect of the 
            Capitol, under the direction of the Senate Committee on 
            Rules and Administration, may acquire, on behalf of the 
            United States Government, by purchase, condemnation, 
            transfer or otherwise, as an addition to the United States 
            Capitol Grounds, all publicly and privately owned real 
            property in lots 34 and 35 in square 758 in the District of 
            Columbia as those lots appear on the records in the Office 
            of the Surveyor of the District of Columbia as the date of 
            the enactment of this Act [Aug. 3, 1992], extending to the 
            outer face of the curbs of the square in which such lots are 
            located and including all alleys or parts of alleys and 
            streets within the lot lines and curb lines surrounding such 
            real property, together with all improvements thereon.
                (b) United States Capitol Grounds and Buildings.--
            Immediately upon the acquisition by the Architect of the 
            Capitol, on behalf of the United States, of the real 
            property, and the improvements thereon, as provided under 
            subsection (a), the real property acquired shall be a part 
            of the United States Capitol Grounds, and the improvements 
            on such real property shall be a part of the Senate Office 
            Buildings. Such real property and improvements shall be 
            subject to the Act of July 31, 1946 (40 U.S.C. 193a et seq.) 
            [sections 193a to 193m, 212a, 212a-2 and 212b of this title 
            and provisions set out as notes under sections 193a and 193h 
            of this title], and the Act of June 8, 1942 (40 U.S.C. 174c) 
            [sections 174c and 174d of this title].
                (c) Building codes.--The real property and improvements 
            acquired in accordance with subsection (a) shall be repaired 
            and altered, to the maximum extent feasible as determined by 
            the Architect of the Capitol, in accordance with a 
            nationally recognized model building code, and other 
            applicable nationally recognized codes (including electrical 
            codes, fire and life safety codes, and plumbing codes, as 
            determined by the Architect of the Capitol), using the most 
            current edition of the nationally recognized codes referred 
            to in this subsection.
                (d) Repairs; expenditures.--The Architect of the Capitol 
            is authorized, without regard to the provisions of section 
            3709 of the Revised Statutes of the United States [section 5 
            of Title 41, Public Contracts], to enter into contracts and 
            to make expenditures for necessary repairs to, and 
            refurbishment of, the real property and the improvements on 
            such real property acquired in accordance with subsection 
            (a), including expenditures for personal and other services 
            as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act 
            [this note]. In no event shall the aggregate value of 
            contracts and expenditures under this subsection exceed an 
            amount equal to that authorized to be appropriated pursuant 
            to subsection (e).
                (e) Authorization.--There is authorized to be 
            appropriated to the account under the heading ``Architect of 
            the Capitol'' and the subheadings ``Capitol Buildings and 
            Grounds'' and ``Senate Office Buildings'', $2,000,000 for 
            carrying out the purposes of this Act [this note]. Moneys 
            appropriated pursuant to this authorization may remain 
            available until expended.
                (f) Use of property.--The real property, and 
            improvements thereon, acquired in accordance with subsection 
            (a) shall be available to the Sergeant at Arms and 
            Doorkeeper of the Senate for use as a residential facility 
            for United States Senate Pages, and for such other purposes 
            as the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration may 
            provide. (Pub. L. 102-330, Aug. 3, 1992, 106 Stat 849.)
        514  Sec. 174c. Control, care, and supervision of Senate office 
                building.
                The Senate Office Building,\1\ and the employment of all 
            services (other than for officers and privates of the 
            Capitol Police) necessary for its protection, care, and 
            occupancy, together with all other items that may be 
            appropriated for by the Congress for such purposes, shall be 
            under the control and supervision of the Architect of the 
            Capitol, subject to the approval of the Senate Committee on 
            Rules and Administration as to matters of general policy; 
            and the Architect of the Capitol shall submit annually to 
            the Congress estimates in detail for all services (other 
            than for officers and privates of the Capitol Police) and 
            for all other expenses in connection with said office 
            building and necessary for its protection, care, and 
            occupancy. (June 8, 1942, ch. 396, Sec. 1, 56 Stat. 343; 
            Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, Sec. Sec. 102, 224, 60 Stat. 814, 
            838.)
                \1\See Senate Manual sections 79.8, 79.9.
        515  Sec. 174d. Assignment of space in Senate office building.
                The assignment of rooms and other space in the Senate 
            Office Building \1\ shall be under the direction and control 
            of the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration and 
            shall not be a part of the duties of the Architect of the 
            Capitol. (June 8, 1942, ch. 396, Sec. 1, 56 Stat. 343; Aug. 
            2, 1946, ch. 753, Sec. Sec. 102, 224, 60 Stat. 814, 838.)
                \1\ See Senate Manual sections 79.8, 79.9
        516  Sec. 174d-1. Assignment of space for meetings of joint 
                committees, conference committees, etc.
                The President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker 
            of the House of Representatives shall cause a survey to be 
            made of available space within the Capitol which could be 
            utilized for joint committee meetings, meetings of 
            conference committees, and other meetings, requiring the 
            attendance of both Senators and Members of the House of 
            Representatives; and shall recommend the reassignment of 
            such space to accommodate such meetings. (Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 
            753, Sec. 242, 60 Stat. 839.)
        517  Sec. 174e. Certification of vouchers by Architect of 
                Capitol.
                It shall not be a duty of the Architect of the Capitol 
            to certify any payroll or other voucher covering any 
            expenditure from any appropriation for the Senate Office 
            Building, or for any other building or activity, unless the 
            obligation involved was incurred by him or under his 
            direction. (June 8, 1942, ch. 396, Sec. 1, 56 Stat. 343.)
        518  Sec. 174j-1. Senate Restaurants; management by Architect of 
                Capitol; approval of matters of general policy; 
                termination.
                Effective August 1, 1961, the management of the Senate 
            Restaurants and all matters connected therewith, heretofore 
            under the direction of the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration, shall be under the direction of the 
            Architect of the Capitol under such rules and regulations as 
            the Architect may prescribe for the operation and the 
            employment of necessary assistance for the conduct of said 
            restaurants by such business methods as may produce the best 
            results consistent with economical and modern management, 
            subject to the approval of the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration as to matters of general policy: Provided, 
            That the management of the Senate Restaurant by the 
            Architect of the Capitol shall cease and the restaurants 
            revert from the jurisdiction of the Architect of the Capitol 
            to the jurisdiction of the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration upon adoption by that committee of a 
            resolution ordering such transfer of jurisdiction at any 
            time hereafter. (Pub. L. 87-82, Sec. 1, July 6, 1961, 75 
            Stat. 199.)
            Note
                Section 5 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 
            1989, provided:
                ``Sec. 5. The Committee on Rules and Administration of 
            the Senate may provide for the distribution of unused food 
            from the Senate cafeterias under the jurisdiction of the 
            committee to the needy of the District of Columbia through 
            an appropriate private distribution organization selected by 
            the committee.'' (Pub. L. 100-458, Sec. 5, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 
            Stat. 2161.)
      518.1  [Omitted.]

  

      518.2  Sec. 174j-3. Authorization and direction to effectuate 
                purposes of sections 174j-1 to 174j-7 of this title
                The Architect of the Capitol is authorized and directed 
            to carry into effect for the United States Senate the 
            provisions of sections 174j-1 to 174j-7 of this title and to 
            exercise the authorities contained herein, and any 
            resolution of the Senate amendatory hereof or supplementary 
            hereto hereafter adopted. Such authority and direction shall 
            continue until the United States Senate shall by resolution 
            otherwise order, or until the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration shall by resolution order the restaurants to 
            be returned to the committee's jurisdiction. (Pub. L. 87-82, 
            Sec. 3, July 6, 1961, 75 Stat. 199.)
      518.3  Sec. 174j-4. Special deposit account; establishment; 
                appropriations; approval of payments.
                There is established with the Treasurer of the United 
            States a special deposit account in the name of the 
            Architect of the Capitol for the United States Senate 
            Restaurants, into which shall be deposited all sums received 
            pursuant to sections 174j-1 to 174j-7 of this title or any 
            amendatory or supplementary resolutions hereafter adopted 
            and from the operations thereunder and from which shall be 
            disbursed the sums necessary in connection with the exercise 
            of the duties required under section 174j-1 to 174j-7 of 
            this title or any amendatory or supplementary resolutions 
            and the operations thereunder. Any amounts appropriated for 
            fiscal year 1973 and thereafter from the Treasury of the 
            United States, which shall be part of a ``Contingent 
            Expenses of the Senate'' item for the particular fiscal year 
            involved, shall be paid to the Architect of the Capitol by 
            the Secretary of the Senate at such times and in such sums 
            as the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration may 
            approve. Any such payment shall be deposited by the 
            Architect in full under such special deposit account. (July 
            6, 1961, Pub. L. 87-82, Sec. 4, 75 Stat. 199; July 9, 1971, 
            Pub. L. 92-51, Sec. 101, 85 Stat. 129; July 10, 1972, Pub. 
            L. 92-342, Sec. 101, 86 Stat. 435.)
      518.4  Sec. 174j-5. Deposits and disbursements under special 
                deposit account.
                Deposits and disbursements under such special deposit 
            account (1) shall be made by the Architect, or, when 
            directed by him, by such employees of the Architect as he 
            may designate, and (2) shall be subject to audit by the 
            General Accounting Office at such times and in such manner 
            as the Comptroller General may direct: Provided, That 
            payments made by or under direction of the Architect of the 
            Capitol from such special deposit account shall be 
            conclusive upon all officers of the Government. (Pub. L. 87-
            82, Sec. 5, July 6, 1961, 75 Stat. 200.)
      518.5  Sec. 174j-6. Bond of Architect, Assistant Architect, and 
                other employees.
                The Architect, Assistant Architect, and any employees of 
            the Architect designated by the Architect under section 
            174j-5 of this title shall each give bond in the sum of 
            $5,000 with such surety as the Secretary of the Treasury may 
            approve for the handling of the financial transactions under 
            such special deposit account. (Pub. L. 87-82, Sec. 6, July 
            6, 1961, 75 Stat. 200.)
      518.6  Sec. 174j-7. Supersedure of prior provisions for maintenance 
                and operation of Senate Restaurants.
                This Act shall supersede any other Acts or resolutions 
            heretofore approved for the maintenance and operation of the 
            Senate Restaurants: Provided, however, That any Acts or 
            resolutions now in effect shall again become effective, 
            should the restaurants at any future time revert to the 
            jurisdiction of the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration. (Pub. L. 87-82, Sec. 7, July 6, 1961, 75 
            Stat. 200.)
   518.6-1  Sec. 174j-8. Management personnel and miscellaneous 
                expenses; availability of appropriations; annual and 
                sick leave.
                Hereafter, appropriations for the ``Senate Office 
            Buildings'' shall be available for employment of management 
            personnel of the Senate restaurant facilities and 
            miscellaneous restaurant expenses (except cost of food and 
            cigar stand sales) and, in fixing the compensation of such 
            personnel, the compensation of four positions hereafter to 
            be designated as Director of Food Service, Assistant 
            Director of Food Service, Manager (special functions), and 
            Administrative Officer shall be fixed by the Architect of 
            the Capitol without regard to chapter 51 and subchapters III 
            and IV of chapter 53 of title 5, and shall thereafter be 
            adjusted in accordance with section 5307 of title 5. Annual 
            and sick leave balances of such personnel, as of July 9, 
            1971, shall be credited to the leave accounts of such 
            personnel, subject to the provisions of section 6304 of 
            title 5, upon their transfer to the appropriation for Senate 
            Office Buildings and such personnel shall continue, while 
            employed by the Architect of the Capitol, to earn leave at 
            rates not less than their present accrual rates. (Pub. L. 
            92-51, Sec. 101, July 9, 1971, 85 Stat. 138, amended Pub. L. 
            94-59, Title V, Sec. 500, July 25, 1975, 89 Stat. 289; Pub. 
            L. 101-509, 104 Stat. 1440, Nov. 5, 1990.)
    518.6-2  Sec. 174j-9. Loans for Senate Restaurants.
            (a) Borrowing authority.
                Subject to the approval of the Senate Committee on Rules 
            and Administration, the Architect of the Capitol shall have 
            authority to borrow (and be accountable for), from time to 
            time, from the appropriation account, within the contingent 
            fund of the Senate, for ``Miscellaneous Items'', such amount 
            as he may determine necessary to carry out the provisions of 
            the joint resolution entitled ``Joint Resolution 
            transferring the management of the Senate Restaurants to the 
            Architect of the Capitol, and for other purposes'', approved 
            July 6, 1961, as amended (40 U.S.C. 174j-1 through 174j-8), 
            and resolutions of the Senate amendatory thereof or 
            supplementary thereto.
            (b) Amount and period of loan; voucher.
                Any such loan authorized pursuant to subsection (a) of 
            this section shall be for such amount and for such period as 
            the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration shall 
            prescribe and shall be made by the Secretary of the Senate 
            to the Architect of the Capitol upon a voucher approved by 
            the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration.
            (c) Deposit, credit, and future availability of proceeds 
                from repayment.
                All proceeds from the repayment of any such loan shall 
            be deposited in the appropriation account, within the 
            contingent fund of the Senate, for ``Miscellaneous Items'', 
            shall be credited to the fiscal year during which such loan 
            was made, and shall thereafter be available for the same 
            purposes for which the amount loaned was initially 
            appropriated. (Pub. L. 98-396, Title I, Sec. 101, Aug. 22, 
            1984, 98 Stat. 1395.)
      518.7  Sec. 184a. John W. McCormack Residential Page School
                (a) Construction authorization for dormitory and 
            classroom facilities complex.--There is hereby authorized to 
            be constructed, on a site jointly approved by the Senate 
            Office Building Commission and the House Office Building 
            Commission, in accordance with plans which shall be prepared 
            by or under the direction of the Architect of the Capitol 
            and which shall be submitted to and jointly approved by the 
            Senate Office Building Commission and the House Office 
            Building Commission, a fireproof building containing 
            dormitory and classroom facilities, including necessary 
            furnishings and equipment, for pages of the Senate, the 
            House of Representatives, and the Supreme Court of the 
            United States.
                (b) Acquisition of property in District of Columbia.--
            The Architect of the Capitol, under the joint direction and 
            supervision of the Senate Office Building Commission and the 
            House Office Building Commission, is authorized to acquire 
            on behalf of the United States, by purchase, condemnation, 
            transfer, or otherwise, such publicly or privately owned 
            real property in the District of Columbia (including all 
            alleys, and parts of alleys, and streets within the 
            curblines surrounding such real property) located in the 
            vicinity of the United States Capitol Grounds, as may be 
            approved jointly by the Senate Office Building Commission 
            and the House Office Building Commission, for the purpose of 
            constructing on such real property, in accordance with this 
            section, a suitable dormitory and classroom facilities 
            complex for pages of the Senate, the House of 
            Representatives, and the Supreme Court of the United States.
                (c) Condemnation proceedings.--Any proceeding for 
            condemnation instituted under subsection (b) of this section 
            shall be conducted in accordance with subchapter IV of 
            chapter 13 of title 16 of the District of Columbia Code.
                (d) Transfer of United States owned property.--
            Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any real 
            property owned by the United States, and any alleys, or 
            parts of alleys and streets, contained within the curblines 
            surrounding the real property acquired on behalf of the 
            United States under this section shall be transferred, upon 
            the request of the Architect of the Capitol made with the 
            joint approval of the Senate Office Building Commission and 
            the House Office Building Commission, to the jurisdiction 
            and control of the Architect of the Capitol.
                (e) Alley and street closures by Mayor of District of 
            Columbia.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any 
            alleys, or parts of alleys and streets, contained within the 
            curblines surrounding the real property acquired on behalf 
            of the United States under this section shall be closed and 
            vacated by the Mayor of the District of Columbia in 
            accordance with any request therefor made by the Architect 
            of the Capitol with the joint approval of the Senate Office 
            Building Commission and the House Office Building 
            Commission.
                (f) United States Capitol Grounds provisions 
            applicable.--Upon the acquisition on behalf of the United 
            States of all real property under this section, such 
            property shall be a part of the United States Capitol 
            Grounds and shall be subject to the provisions of sections 
            193a to 193m, 212a, 212a-2, and 212b of this title.
                (g) Designation; employment of services under 
            supervision and control of Architect of Capitol; joint 
            approval and direction of Speaker and President pro tempore; 
            annual estimates to Congress; regulations governing 
            Architect of Capitol.--The building constructed on the real 
            property acquired under this section shall be designated the 
            ``John W. McCormack Residential Page School''. The 
            employment of all services (other than that of the United 
            States Capitol Police) necessary for its protection, care, 
            maintenance, and use, for which appropriations are made by 
            Congress, shall be under the control and supervision of the 
            Architect of the Capitol. Such supervision and control shall 
            be subject to the joint approval and direction of the 
            Speaker and the President pro tempore. The Architect shall 
            submit annually to the Congress estimates in detail for all 
            services, other than those of the United States Capitol 
            Police or those provided in connection with the conduct of 
            school operations and the personal supervision of pages, and 
            for all other expenses in connection with the protection, 
            care, maintenance, and use of the John W. McCormack 
            Residential Page School. The Speaker and the President pro 
            tempore shall prescribe, from time to time, regulations 
            governing the Architect in the provision of services and the 
            protection, care, and maintenance, of the John W. McCormack 
            Residential Page School.
                (h) Joint appointee for supervision and control over 
            page activities; regulations; Residence Superintendent of 
            Pages; appointment, compensation, and duties; additional 
            personnel: appointment and compensation.--The Speaker of the 
            House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of 
            the Senate jointly shall designate an officer of the House 
            and an officer of the Senate, other than a Member of the 
            House or Senate, who shall jointly exercise supervision and 
            control over the activities of the pages resident in the 
            John W. McCormack Residential Page School. With the approval 
            of the Speaker and the President pro tempore, such officers 
            so designated shall prescribe regulations governing--
                            (1) the actual use and occupancy of the John 
                        W. McCormack Residential Page School including, 
                        if necessary, the imposition of a curfew for 
                        pages;
                            (2) the conduct of pages generally; and
                            (3) other matters pertaining to the 
                        supervision, direction, safety, and well-being 
                        of pages in off-duty hours.

            Such officers, subject to the approval of the Speaker and 
            the President pro tempore, jointly shall appoint and fix the 
            per annum gross rate of pay of a Residence Superintendent of 
            Pages, who shall perform such duties with respect to the 
            supervision of pages resident therein as those officials 
            shall prescribe. In addition, such officers, subject to the 
            approval of the Speaker and the President pro tempore, 
            jointly shall appoint and fix the per annum gross rates of 
            pay of such additional personnel as may be necessary to 
            assist those officers and the Residence Superintendent of 
            Pages in carrying out their functions under this section.

                (i) Sections 88(a) and 88(b) of title 2 unaffected.--
            Nothing in section 88b-1 of title 2 and this section shall 
            affect the operation of section 88b of title 2, relating to 
            educational facilities of pages and other minors who are 
            congressional employees. (Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-510, 
            Sec. 492, 84 Stat. 1199; Dec. 24, 1973, Pub. L. 93-198, 
            Sec. 421, 87 Stat. 789; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. L. 104-186, 
            Title II, Sec. 204(34)(c), 110 Stat. 1734.)
      518.8     Acquisition of Property as an Addition to the Capitol 
                                       Grounds
                To enable the Architect of the Capitol to acquire on 
            behalf of the United States, as an addition to the United 
            States Capitol Grounds, by purchase, condemnation, transfer, 
            or otherwise, all publicly or privately owned property 
            contained in square 764 in the District of Columbia, and all 
            alleys or parts of alleys contained within the curblines 
            surrounding such square, as such square appears on the 
            records in the office of the surveyor of the District of 
            Columbia as of the date of the approval of this Act: 
            Provided,  That any proceeding for condemnation brought 
            under this paragraph shall be conducted in accordance with 
            the Act of December 23, 1963 (16 D.C. Code, secs. 1351-
            1368): Provided further, That for the purposes of this 
            paragraph, square 764 shall be deemed to extend to the outer 
            face of the curbs surrounding such square: Provided further, 
            That notwithstanding any other provision of law, any real 
            property owned by the United States and any public alleys or 
            parts of alleys and streets contained within the curblines 
            surrounding such square shall, upon request of the Architect 
            of the Capitol, be transferred to the jurisdiction and 
            control of the Architect of the Capitol without 
            reimbursement or transfer of funds, and any alleys or parts 
            of alleys or streets contained within the curblines of said 
            square shall be closed and vacated by the Commissioner of 
            the District of Columbia, appointed pursuant to part III of 
            Reorganization Plan numbered 3 of 1967, in accordance with 
            any request therfor made by the Architect of the Capitol: 
            Provided further, That, upon acquisition of such real 
            property pursuant to this paragraph, the Architect of the 
            Capitol is authorized to use such property as a green park 
            area, pending its development for permanent use as the site 
            of the John W. McCormack Residential Page School, subject to 
            the approval of the Senate Office Building Commission and 
            the House Office Building Commission: Provided further, That 
            the jurisdiction of the Capitol Police shall extend over any 
            real property acquired under this paragraph and such 
            property shall become a part of the United States Capitol 
            Grounds and be subject to the provisions of sections 193a-
            193m, 212a, and 212b of title 40, United States Code: 
            Provided further, That the Architect of the Capitol, under 
            the direction of the Senate Office Building Commission and 
            the House Office Building Commission, is authorized and 
            directed to enter into such contracts, incur such 
            obligations, and make such expenditures, including 
            expenditures for personal and other services, as may be 
            necessary to carry out the provisions of this paragraph; 
            $1,450,000, to remain available until expended. (Oct. 31, 
            1972, Pub. L. 92-607, 86 Stat. 1512.)
        519  Sec. 185a. Senate garage; control, supervision, servicing of 
                official motor vehicles.
                (a) The employees of the Senate garage engaged by the 
            Architect of the Capitol for the primary purpose of 
            servicing official motor vehicles, together with the 
            functions performed by such employees, shall, on October 1, 
            1980, be transferred to the jurisdiction of the Sergeant at 
            Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate: Provided further, That, 
            effective July 1, 1965, the underground space in the north 
            extension of the Capitol Grounds, known as the Legislative 
            Garage shall hereafter be known as the Senate Garage and 
            shall be under the jurisdiction and control of the Architect 
            of the Capitol, subject to such regulations respecting the 
            use thereof as may be promulgated by the Senate Committee on 
            Rules and Administration: Provided further, That, such 
            regulations shall provide for the continued assignment of 
            space and the continued furnishing of service in such garage 
            for official motor vehicles of the House and the Senate and 
            the Architect of the Capitol and Capitol Grounds maintenance 
            equipment.
                (b) As used in subsection (a) of this section, the term 
            ``servicing'' includes, with respect to an official motor 
            vehicle, the washing and fueling of such vehicle, the 
            checking of its tires and battery, and checking and adding 
            oil. (June 30, 1932, ch. 314, Sec. 1, 47 Stat. 391; Aug. 20, 
            1964, Pub. L. 88-454, 78 Stat. 545; Oct. 13, 1980, Pub. L. 
            96-444, Sec. 1(a)(1), (b), 94 Stat. 1889.)
        520  Sec. 186. Transfer of material and equipment to Architect.
                The Secretary of the Army is authorized to transfer, 
            without payment, to the Architect of the Capitol, such 
            material and equipment, not required by the Department of 
            the Army, as the Architect may request for use at the 
            Capitol powerplant, the Capitol Building, and the Senate and 
            House Office Buildings. (June 5, 1920, ch. 253, Sec. 1, 41 
            Stat. 1035; Mar. 3, 1921, ch. 124, Sec. 1, 41 Stat. 1291.)
        521  Sec. 187. National Statuary Hall.
                Suitable structures and railings shall be erected in the 
            old hall of Representatives for the reception and protection 
            of statuary, and the same shall be under the supervision and 
            direction of the Architect of the Capitol. And the President 
            is authorized to invite all the States to provide and 
            furnish statues, in marble or bronze, not exceeding two in 
            number for each State, of deceased persons who have been 
            citizens thereof, and illustrious for their historic renown 
            or for distinguished civic or military services, such as 
            each State may deem to be worthy of this national 
            commemoration; and when so furnished, the same shall be 
            placed in the old hall of the House of Representatives, in 
            the Capitol of the United States, which is set apart, or so 
            much thereof as may be necessary, as a national statuary 
            hall for the purpose indicated in this section. (R.S. 
            Sec. 1814; Aug. 15, 1876, ch. 287, Sec. 1, 19 Stat. 147; 
            Mar. 3, 1921, ch. 124, Sec. 1, 41 Stat. 1291.)
      521.1                       Location of Statues
                House Concurrent Resolution 47, passed Feb. 24, 1933, 47 
            Stat. Part 2, 1784, provided:
                ``That the Architect of the Capitol, upon the approval 
            of the Joint Committee on the Library, with the advice of 
            the Commission on Fine Arts, is hereby authorized and 
            directed to relocate within the Capitol any of the statues 
            already received and placed in Statuary Hall, and to provide 
            for the reception and location of the statues received 
            hereafter from the States.''
        522  Sec. 188. Works of fine arts.
                The Joint Committee on the Library, whenever, in their 
            judgment, it is expedient, are authorized to accept any work 
            of the fine arts, on behalf of Congress, which may be 
            offered, and to assign the same such place in the Capitol as 
            they may deem suitable, and shall have the supervision of 
            all works of art that may be placed in the Capitol. (R.S. 
            Sec. 1831.)
      522a  Sec. 188a. United States Capitol Preservation Commission.
            (a) Establishment and purposes.
                There is established in the Congress the United States 
            Capitol Preservation Commission (hereinafter in sections 
            188a to 188a-5 of this title referred to as the 
            ``Commission'') for the purposes of----
                            (1) providing for improvements in, 
                        preservation of, and acquisitions for, the 
                        United States Capitol;
                            (2) providing for works of fine art and 
                        other property for display in the United States 
                        Capitol and at other locations under the control 
                        of the Congress; and
                            (3) conducting other activities that 
                        directly facilitate, encourage, or otherwise 
                        support any purposes specified in paragraph (1) 
                        or (2).
            (b) Membership.
                The Commission shall be composed of the following 
            Members of Congress:
                            (1) The President pro tempore of the Senate 
                        and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 
                        who shall be co-chairmen.
                            (2) The Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the 
                        Joint Committee on the Library.
                            (3) The Chairman and the ranking minority 
                        party member of the Committee on Rules and 
                        Administration of the Senate, and the Chairman 
                        and the ranking minority party member of the 
                        Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
                        Representatives.
                            (4) The majority leader and the minority 
                        leader of the Senate.
                            (5) The majority leader and the minority 
                        leader of the House of Representatives.
                            (6) The Chairman of the Commission on the 
                        Bicentennial of the United States Senate and the 
                        Chairman of the Commission of the House of 
                        Representatives Bicentenary, to be succeeded 
                        upon expiration of such commissions, by a 
                        Senator or Member of the House of 
                        Representatives, as appropriate, appointed by 
                        the Senate or House of Representatives co-
                        chairman of the Commission, respectively.
                            (7) One Senator appointed by the President 
                        pro tempore of the Senate and one Senator 
                        appointed by the minority leader of the Senate.
                            (8) One Member of the House of 
                        Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the 
                        House of Representatives and one Member of the 
                        House of Representatives appointed by the 
                        minority leader of the House of Representatives.
            (c) Designees.
                Each member of the Commission specified under subsection 
            (b) of this section (other than a member under paragraph (7) 
            or (8) of such subsection) may designate a Senator or Member 
            of the House of Representatives, as the case may be, to 
            serve as a member of the Commission in place of the member 
            so specified.
            (d) Architect of the Capitol.
                In addition to the members under subsection (b) of this 
            section, the Architect of the Capitol shall participate in 
            the activities of the Commission, ex officio, and without 
            the right to vote.
            (e) Staff support and assistance.
                The Senate Commission on Art, the House of 
            Representatives Fine Arts Board, and the Architect of the 
            Capitol shall provide to the Commission such staff support 
            and assistance as the Commission may request.

            (Pub. L. 100-696, Title VIII, Sec. 801, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 
            Stat. 4608; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 221(7), Aug. 20, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 1749.)

     522a-1  Sec. 188a-1. Authority of Commission to accept gifts and 
                conduct other transactions relating to works of fine art 
                and other property.
            (a) In general.
                In carrying out the purposes referred to in section 
            188a(a) of this title the Commission is authorized--
                            (1) to accept gifts of works of fine art, 
                        gifts of other property, and gifts of money; and
                            (2) to acquire property, administer 
                        property, dispose of property, and conduct other 
                        transactions related to such purposes.
            (b) Transfer and disposition of works of fine art and other 
                property.
                The Commission shall, with respect to works of fine art 
            and other property received by the Commission--
                            (1) in consultation with the Joint Committee 
                        on the Library, the Senate Commission on Art, or 
                        the House of Representatives Fine Arts Board, as 
                        the case may be, transfer such property to the 
                        entity consulted;
                            (2) if a transfer described in paragraph (1) 
                        is not appropriate, dispose of the work of fine 
                        art by sale or other transaction; and
                            (3) in the case of property that is not 
                        directly related to the purposes referred to in 
                        section 188a(a) of this title, dispose of such 
                        property by sale or other transaction.
            (c) Requirements for conduct of transactions.
                In conducting transactions under this section, the 
            Commission shall--
                            (1) accept money only in the form of a check 
                        or similar instrument made payable to the 
                        Treasury of the United States and shall deposit 
                        any such check or instrument in accordance with 
                        section 188a-2 of this title;
                            (2) in making sales and engaging in other 
                        property transactions, take into consideration 
                        market conditions and other relevant factors; 
                        and
                            (3) assure that each transaction is directly 
                        related to the purposes referred to in section 
                        188a(a) of this title. (Pub. L. 100-696, Title 
                        VIII, Sec. 802, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4609; 
                        Pub. L. 101-302, Title III, Sec. 312(a), May 25, 
                        1990, 104 Stat. 245.)
     522a-2  Sec. 188a-2. Capitol Preservation Fund.
            (a) In general.
                There is established in the Treasury a fund, to be known 
            as the ``Capitol Preservation Fund'' (hereafter in sections 
            188a to 188a-5 of this title referred to as the ``fund''), 
            which shall consist of (1) amounts deposited, and interest 
            and proceeds credited, under subsection (d) of this section, 
            (2) obligations obtained under subsection (e) of this 
            section, and (3) all surcharges received by the Secretary of 
            the Treasury from the sale of coins minted under the 
            Bicentennial of the United States Congress Commemorative 
            Coin Act.
            (b) Availability of fund.
                The fund shall be available to the Commission--
                            (1) for payment of transaction costs and 
                        similar expenses incurred under section 188a-1 
                        of this title;
                            (2) subject to the approval of the Committee 
                        on Appropriations of the House of 
                        Representatives and the Committee on 
                        Appropriations of the Senate, for improvement 
                        and preservation projects for the United States 
                        Capitol;
                            (3) for disbursement with respect to works 
                        of fine art and other property as provided in 
                        section 188a-1 of this title; and
                            (4) for such other payments as may be 
                        required to carry out section 188a of this title 
                        or section 188a-1 of this title.
            (c) Transaction costs and proportionality.
                In carrying out this section, the Commission shall, to 
            the extent practicable, take such action as may be 
            necessary--
                            (1) to minimize disbursements under 
                        subsection (b)(1) of this section; and
                            (2) to equalize disbursements under 
                        subsection (b) of this section between the 
                        Senate and the House of Representatives.
            (d) Deposits, credits, and disbursements.
                The Commission shall deposit in the fund gifts of money 
            and proceeds of transactions under section 188a-1 of this 
            title. The Secretary of the Treasury shall credit to the 
            fund the interest on, and the proceeds from sale or 
            redemption of, obligations held in the fund. Disbursements 
            from the fund shall be made on vouchers approved by the 
            Commission and signed by the co-chairmen.
            (e) Investments.
                The Secretary of the Treasury shall invest any portion 
            of the fund that, as determined by the Commission, is not 
            required to meet current withdrawals. Each investment shall 
            be made in an interest bearing obligation of the United 
            States or an obligation guaranteed as to principal and 
            interest by the United States that, as determined by the 
            Commission has a maturity suitable for the fund. In carrying 
            out this subsection, the Secretary may make such purchases, 
            sales, and redemptions of obligations as may be approved by 
            the Commission.

            (Pub. L. 100-696, Title VIII, Sec. 803, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 
            Stat. 4609; Pub. L. 101-302, Title III, Sec. 312(b), May 25, 
            1990, 104 Stat. 245.)

     522a-3  Sec. 188a-3. Audits by the Comptroller General.
                The Comptroller General shall conduct annual audits of 
            the transactions of the Commission and shall report the 
            results of each audit to the Congress. (Pub. L. 100-696, 
            Title VIII, Sec. 804, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4610.)
     522a-4  Sec. 188a-4. Advisory boards.
                The Commission may establish appropriate boards to 
            provide advice and assistance to the Commission and to 
            further the purposes of the Commission. The boards shall be 
            composed of members (including chairmen) who shall be 
            appointed by the Commission from public and private life and 
            shall serve at the pleasure of the Commission and each co-
            chairman of the Commission may appoint one member to any 
            such board. The members of boards under this section may be 
            reimbursed for actual and necessary expenses incurred in the 
            performance of the duties of the boards, at the discretion 
            of the Commission. (Pub. L. 100-696, Title VIII, Sec. 805, 
            Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4610.)
     522a-5  Sec. 188a-5. ``Members of the House of Representatives'' 
                defined.
                As used in sections 188a to 188a-5 of this title, the 
            term ``Member of the House of Representatives'' means a 
            Representative in, or a Delegate or Resident Commissioner 
            to, the Congress. (Pub. L. 100-696, Title VIII, Sec. 806, 
            Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4610.)
      522b
      522b  Sec. 188b. Senate Commission on Art.
            (a) Establishment.
                There is hereby established a Senate Commission on Art 
            (hereinafter referred to as ``the Commission'') consisting 
            of the President pro tempore of the Senate, the chairman and 
            ranking minority member of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration of the Senate, and the majority and minority 
            leaders of the Senate.
            (b) Chairman and Vice Chairman; quorum; Executive Secretary.
                The Commission shall elect a Chairman and a Vice 
            Chairman at the beginning of each Congress. Three members of 
            the Commission shall constitute a quorum for the transaction 
            of business, except that the Commission may fix a lesser 
            number which shall constitute a quorum for the taking of 
            testimony. The Secretary of the Senate shall be the 
            Executive Secretary of the Commission \1\
                \1\ So in original. Probably should end with a period.
            (c) Selection of Curator of Art and Antiquities of the 
                Senate; availability of professional and clerical 
                assistance.
                The Commission shall select a Curator of Art and 
            Antiquities of the Senate who shall be appointed by and be 
            an employee of the Secretary of the Senate. The Curator 
            shall serve at the pleasure of the Commission, shall perform 
            such duties as it may prescribe, and shall receive 
            compensation at a gross rate, not to exceed $22,089 per 
            annum to be fixed by the Commission. At the request of the 
            Commission the Secretary of the Senate shall detail to the 
            Commission such additional professional, clerical, and other 
            assistants as, from time to time, it deems necessary.
            (d) Hearings and meetings.
                The Commission shall be empowered to hold hearings, 
            summon witnesses, administer oaths, employ reporters, 
            request the production of papers and records, take such 
            testimony, and adopt such rules for the conduct of its 
            hearings and meetings, as it deems necessary. (Pub. L. 100-
            696, Title IX, Sec. 901(a), (b)(1), (3), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 
            Stat. 4610, 4611.)
     522b-1  Sec. 188b-1. Duties of Commission.
            (a) In general.
                The Commission is hereby authorized and directed to 
            supervise, hold, place, protect, and make known all works of 
            art, historical objects, and exhibits within the Senate wing 
            of the United States Capitol, any Senate Office Buildings, 
            and in all rooms, spaces, and corridors thereof, which are 
            the property of the United States, and in its judgment to 
            accept any works of art, historical objects, or exhibits 
            which may hereafter be offered, given, or devised to the 
            Senate, its committees, and its officers for placement and 
            exhibition in the Senate wing of the Capitol, the Senate 
            Office Buildings, or in rooms, spaces, or corridors thereof.
            (b) Issuance and publication of regulations.
                The Commission shall prescribe such regulations as it 
            deems necessary for the care, protection, and placement of 
            such works of art, exhibits, and historical objects in the 
            Senate wing of the Capitol and the Senate Office Buildings, 
            and for their acceptance on behalf of the Senate, its 
            committees, and officers. Such regulations shall be 
            published in the Congressional Record at such time or times 
            as the Commission may deem necessary for the information of 
            the Members of the Senate and the public.
            (c) Consistency of regulations.
                Regulations authorized by the provisions of section 193 
            of this title to be issued by the Sergeant at Arms of the 
            Senate for the protection of the Capitol, and any 
            regulations issued, or activities undertaken, by the 
            Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, or the 
            Architect of the Capitol, in carrying out duties relating to 
            the care, preservation, and protection of the Senate wing of 
            the Capitol and the Senate Office Buildings, shall be 
            consistent with such rules and regulations as the Commission 
            may issue pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.
            (d) Responsibilities of Committee on Rules and 
                Administration of the Senate.
                The Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate 
            in consultation with the Architect of the Capitol and 
            consistent with regulations prescribed by the Commission 
            under subsection (b) of this section, shall have 
            responsibility for the supervision, protection, and 
            placement of all works of art, historical objects, and 
            exhibits which shall have been accepted on behalf of the 
            Senate by the Commission or acknowledged as United States 
            property by inventory of the Commission, and which may be 
            lodged in the Senate wing of the Capitol or the Senate 
            Office Building by the Commission. (Pub. L. 100-696, Title 
            IX, Sec. 901(a), (b)(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4610, 
            4611.)
     522b-2  Sec. 188b-2. Supervision and maintenance of Old Senate 
                Chamber.
                The Commission shall have responsibility for the 
            supervision and maintenance of the Old Senate Chamber on the 
            principal floor of the Senate wing of the Capitol insofar as 
            it is to be preserved as a patriotic shrine in the Capitol 
            for the benefit of the people of the United States.

            (Pub. L. 100-696, Title IX, Sec. 901(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 
            Stat. 4610.)

     522b-3  Sec. 188b-3. Publication of list of works of art, historical 
                objects, and exhibits.
                The Commission shall, from time to time, but at least 
            once every ten years, publish as a Senate document a list of 
            all works of art, historical objects, and exhibits currently 
            within the Senate wing of the Capitol and the Senate Office 
            Buildings, together with their description, location, and 
            with such notes as may be pertinent to their history.

            (Pub. L. 100-696, Title IX, Sec. 901(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 
            Stat. 4610.)

     522b-4  Sec. 188b-4. Authorization of appropriations.
                There is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of the 
            contingent fund of the Senate for the expenses of the 
            Commission the sum of $15,000 each fiscal year, to be 
            disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate on vouchers signed 
            by the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Commission: 
            Provided, That no payment shall be made from such 
            appropriation as salary. (Pub. L. 100-696, Title IX, 
            Sec. 901(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4610.)
     522b-5  Sec. 188b-5. Additional authority for Senate Commission on 
                Art to acquire works of art, historical objects, 
                documents, or exhibits.
                (a) The Senate Commission on Art, in addition to any 
            authority conferred upon it by sections 188b to 188b-4 of 
            this title, is authorized to acquire any work of art, 
            historical object, document or material relating to 
            historical matters, or exhibit for placement or exhibition 
            in the Senate wing of the Capitol, the Senate Office 
            Buildings, or in rooms, spaces, or corridors thereof.
                (b) This section shall be effective as of March 1, 1971. 
            (Pub. L. 100-696, Title IX, Sec. 901(a), (c), Nov. 18, 1988, 
            102 Stat. 4610, 4611.)
     522b-6  Sec. 188b-6. Conservation, restoration, replication, or 
                replacement of items in United States Senate Collection.
            (a) Use of moneys in Senate contingent fund.
                Effective with the fiscal year ending September 30, 
            2000, and each fiscal year thereafter, subject to the 
            approval of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, 
            any unexpended and unobligated funds in the appropriation 
            account for the ``Secretary of the Senate'' within the 
            contingent fund of the Senate which have not been withdrawn 
            in accordance with section 102a of title 2 shall be 
            available for the expenses incurred, without regard to the 
            fiscal year in which incurred, for the conservation, 
            restoration, and replication or replacement, in whole or in 
            part, of items of art, fine art, and historical items within 
            the Senate wing of the United States Capitol, any Senate 
            Office Building, or any room, corridor, or other space 
            therein. In the case of replication or replacement of such 
            items, the funds available under this subsection shall be 
            available for any such items previously contained within the 
            Senate wing of the Capitol, or an item historically 
            accurate.
            (b) United States Senate Collection.
                All such items of art referred to in subsection (a) of 
            this section shall be known as the ``United States 
            Collection''.
            (c) Approval of disbursements by Chairman or Executive 
                Secretary of Senate Commission on Art.
                Disbursements for expenses incurred for the purposes in 
            subsection (a) of this section shall be made upon vouchers 
            approved by the Chairman of the Senate Commission on Art or 
            the Executive Secretary of the Senate Commission on Art.

            (Pub. L. 101-302, Title III, Sec. 316, May 25, 1990, 104 
            Stat. 246; Pub. L. 101-520, Title III, Sec. 323, Nov. 5, 
            1990, 104 Stat. 2285; Pub. L. 102-90, Title III, Sec. 310, 
            Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 467; Pub. L. 102-392, Title III, 
            Sec. 312, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1723; Pub. L. 104-53, 
            Sec. 311, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 538; Pub. L. 104-197, 
            Title III, Sec. 313, Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2415; Pub. L. 
            105-55, Title III, Sec. 309, Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 1198; 
            Pub. L. 105-275, Title III, Sec. 311, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 
            Stat. 2457, Sept. 29, 1999, Pub. L. 106-57, Sec. 309, 113 
            Stat. 427.)

        523  Sec. 189. Art exhibits.
                No work of art or manufacture other than the property of 
            the United States shall be exhibited in the National 
            Statuary Hall, the Rotunda, or the corridors of the Capitol. 
            (Mar. 3, 1879, ch. 182, Sec. 1, 20 Stat. 391.)
        524  Sec. 190. Private studios and works of art.
                No room in the Capitol shall be used for private studios 
            or works of art, without permission from the Joint Committee 
            on the Library, given in writing; and it shall be the duty 
            of the Architect of the Capitol to carry this provision into 
            effect. (Mar. 3. 1875, ch. 130, Sec. 1, 18 Stat. 376.)
        525  Sec. 193. Protection of buildings and property.
                The Sergeants at Arms of the Senate and of the House of 
            Representatives are authorized to make such regulations as 
            they may deem necessary for preserving the peace and 
            securing the Capitol from defacement, and for the protection 
            of the public property therein, and they shall have power to 
            arrest and detain any person violating such regulations, 
            until such person can be brought before the proper 
            authorities for trial. (R.S. Sec. 1820.)
            Cross References
                Policing of Capitol building and grounds, see section 
            212a of this title (Senate Manual section 546).
                Use of Capitol Grounds for temporary recreational 
            purposes permitted, see section 214a of this title (Senate 
            Manual section 549a).
        526  Sec. 193a. United States Capitol Grounds; area comprising; 
                jurisdiction.
                The United States Capitol Grounds shall comprise all 
            squares, reservations, streets, roadways, walks, and other 
            areas as defined on a map entitled ``Map showing areas 
            comprising United States Capitol Grounds'', dated June 25, 
            1946, approved by the Architect of the Capitol and recorded 
            in the Office of the Surveyor of the District of Columbia in 
            book 127, page 8, including all additions added thereto by 
            law subsequent to June 25, 1946, [and]
                            (i) That portion of the triangle of Federal 
                        land in Reservation No. 204 in the District of 
                        Columbia under the jurisdiction of the Secretary 
                        of the Interior, including any contiguous 
                        sidewalks, bound by Constitution Avenue, N.E., 
                        on the north, the branch of Maryland Avenue, 
                        N.E., running in a northeast direction on the 
                        west, the major portion of Maryland Avenue, 
                        N.E., on the south, and 2nd Street, N.E., on the 
                        east, including the contiguous sidewalks.
                            (ii) That irregular area of Federal land in 
                        Reservation No. 204 in the District of Columbia 
                        under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the 
                        Interior, including any contiguous sidewalks, 
                        northeast of the real property described in 
                        clause (i) bound by Constitution Avenue, N.E., 
                        on the north, the branch of Maryland Avenue, 
                        N.E., running to the northeast on the south, and 
                        the private property on the west known as lot 7, 
                        in square 726.
                            (iii) The two irregularly shaped medians 
                        lying north and east of the property described 
                        in clause (i), located between the north and 
                        south curbs of Constitution Avenue, N.E., west 
                        of its intersection with Second Street, N.E., 
                        all as shown in Land Record No. 268, dated 
                        November 22, 1957, in the Office of the 
                        Surveyor, District of Columbia, in Book 138, 
                        Page 58.
                            (iv) All sidewalks under the jurisdiction of 
                        the District of Columbia abutting on and 
                        contiguous to the land described in clauses (i), 
                        (ii), and (iii).

            and the jurisdiction and control over the United States 
            Capitol Grounds, vested prior to July 31, 1946, by law in 
            the Architect of the Capitol, is extended to the entire area 
            of the United States Capitol Grounds, and the Architect of 
            the Capitol shall be responsible for the maintenance and 
            improvement thereof, including those streets and roadways in 
            said United States Capitol Grounds as shown on said map as 
            being under the jurisdiction and control of the 
            Commissioners of the District of Columbia, except that the 
            Mayor of the District of Columbia shall be responsible for 
            the maintenance and improvement of those portions of the 
            following streets which are situated between the curblines 
            thereof: Constitution Avenue from Second Street Northeast to 
            Third Street Northwest, First Street from D Street N.E. to D 
            Street S.E., D Street from First Street S.E. to Canal Street 
            S.W., and First Street from the north side of Louisiana 
            Avenue to the intersection of C Street and Canal Street 
            S.W., Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest from First Street 
            Northwest to Third Street Northwest, Maryland Avenue 
            Southwest from First Street Southwest to Third Street 
            Southwest, Second Street Northeast from F Street Northeast 
            to C Street Southeast; C Street Southeast from Second Street 
            Southeast to First Street Southeast; that portion of 
            Maryland Avenue Northeast from Second Street Northeast to 
            First Street Northeast; that portion of New Jersey Avenue 
            Northwest from D Street Northwest to Louisiana Avenue; that 
            portion of Second Street Southwest from the north curb of D 
            Street to the south curb of Virginia Avenue Southwest; that 
            portion of Virginia Avenue Southwest from the east curb of 
            Second Street Southwest to the west curb of Third Street 
            Southwest; that portion of Third Street Southwest from the 
            south curb of Virginia Avenue Southwest to the north curb of 
            D Street Southwest; that portion of D Street Southwest from 
            the west curb of Third Street Southwest to the east curb of 
            Second Street Southwest; that portion of Canal Street 
            Southwest, including sidewalks and traffic islands, from the 
            south curb of Independence Avenue Southwest to the west curb 
            of South Capitol Street: Provided, That the Mayor of the 
            District of Columbia shall be permitted to enter any part of 
            said United States Capitol Grounds for the purpose of 
            repairing or maintaining or, subject to the approval of the 
            Architect of the Capitol, for the purpose of constructing or 
            altering, any utility service of the District of Columbia 
            government.

            (As amended Nov. 12, 1996, Pub. L. 104-333, Div. I, Title V, 
            Sec. 514(c)(3)(A), 110 Stat. 4167.)

            Note

Public Law 97-379, December 22, 1982, 96 Stat. 1935, provided in part that 
the definition of United States Capitol Grounds should include the 
following additional areas which are situated as follows:

                        (1) All sidewalks and contiguous areas presently 
                    under the jurisdiction of the District of Columbia 
                    located on the south side of Pennsylvania Avenue, 
                    Northwest, between the west curb of First Street, 
                    Northwest and the east curb of Third Street, 
                    Northwest.
                        (2) All sidewalks and contiguous areas presently 
                    under the jurisdiction of the District of Columbia 
                    located on the north side of Maryland Avenue, 
                    Southwest, between the west curb of First Street, 
                    Southwest and the east curb of Third Street, 
                    Southwest.
                        (3) All sidewalks and contiguous areas presently 
                    under the jurisdiction of the District of Columbia, 
                    located on the west side of First Street between the 
                    south curb of Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest and the 
                    north curb of Maryland Avenue, Southwest.
                        (4) All sidewalks and contiguous areas presently 
                    under the jurisdiction of the District of Columbia, 
                    located on the east side of Third Street between the 
                    south curb of Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest and the 
                    north curb of Maryland Avenue, Southwest.
                Section 3 of Pub. L. 96-432 provided that: ``On and 
            after the effective date of this section [See section 4 of 
            Pub. L. 96-432], that portion of C Street Northeast from the 
            west curb of Second Street Northeast to the east curb of 
            First Street Northeast shall be under the exclusive 
            jurisdiction and control of the Capitol Police Board and the 
            Architect of the Capitol in the same manner and to the same 
            extent as such Board or the Architect of the Capitol has 
            over other streets comprising the United States Capitol 
            Grounds, and the Architect of the Capitol shall be 
            responsible for the maintenance and improvement thereof.''
        527  Sec. 193b. Public use of Capitol Grounds.
                Public travel in and occupancy of said United States 
            Capitol Grounds shall be restricted to the roads, walks, and 
            places prepared for that purpose by flagging, paving, or 
            otherwise. (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 2, 60 Stat. 718.)
        528  Sec. 193c. Obstruction of roads; conveyance of goods or 
                merchandise; Capitol Grounds.
                It is forbidden to occupy the roads in said United 
            States Capitol Grounds in such manner as to obstruct or 
            hinder their proper use, or to use the roads in the area of 
            said United States Capitol Grounds, south of Constitution 
            Avenue and B Street and north of Independence Avenue and B 
            Street, for the conveyance of goods or merchandise, except 
            to or from the Capitol on Government service. (July 31, 
            1946, ch. 707, Sec. 3, 60 Stat. 718.)
        529  Sec. 193d. Sale of articles; signs; solicitation on Capitol 
                Grounds.
                It is forbidden to offer or expose any article for sale 
            in said United States Capitol Grounds; to display any sign, 
            placard, or other form of advertisement therein; to solicit 
            fares, alms, subscriptions, or contributions therein. (July 
            31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 4, 60 Stat. 718.)
        530  Sec. 193e. Injuries to property; Capitol Grounds.
                It is forbidden to step or climb upon, remove, or in any 
            way injure any statue, seat, wall, fountain, or other 
            erection or architectural feature, or any tree, shrub, 
            plant, or turf in said United States Capitol Grounds. (July 
            31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 5, 60 Stat. 718.)
        531  Sec. 193f. Capitol Grounds and Buildings security.
            (a) Firearms, dangerous weapons, explosives, or incendiary 
                devices.
                It shall be unlawful for any person or group of 
            persons--
                            (1) Except as authorized by regulations 
                        which shall be promulgated by the Capitol Police 
                        Board:

                                (A) to carry on or have readily 
                            accessible to the person of any individual 
                            upon the United States Capitol Grounds or 
                            within any of the Capitol Buildings any 
                            firearm, dangerous weapon, explosive, or 
                            incendiary device; or

                                (B) to discharge any firearm or 
                            explosive, to use any dangerous weapon, or 
                            to ignite any incendiary device, upon the 
                            United States Capitol Grounds or within any 
                            of the Capitol Buildings; or

                                (C) to transport by any means upon the 
                            United States Capitol Grounds or within any 
                            of the Capitol Buildings any explosive or 
                            incendiary device; or

                            (2) Knowingly, with force and violence, to 
                        enter or to remain upon the floor of either 
                        House of the Congress.
            (b) Violent entry and disorderly conduct.
                It shall be unlawful for any person or group of persons 
            willfully and knowingly--
                            (1) to enter or to remain upon the floor of 
                        either House of the Congress, to enter or to 
                        remain in any cloakroom or lobby adjacent to 
                        such floor, or to enter or to remain in the 
                        Rayburn Room of the House or the Marble Room of 
                        the Senate, unless such person is authorized, 
                        pursuant to rules adopted by that House or 
                        pursuant to authorization given by that House, 
                        to enter or to remain upon such floor or in such 
                        cloakroom, lobby, or room;
                            (2) to enter or to remain in the gallery of 
                        either House of the Congress in violation of 
                        rules governing admission to such gallery 
                        adopted by that House or pursuant to 
                        authorization given by that House;
                            (3) to enter or to remain in any room within 
                        any of the Capitol Buildings set aside or 
                        designated for the use of either House of the 
                        Congress or any Member, committee, subcommittee, 
                        officer, or employee of the Congress or either 
                        House thereof with intent to disrupt the orderly 
                        conduct of official business;
                            (4) to utter loud, threatening, or abusive 
                        language, or to engage in any disorderly or 
                        disruptive conduct, at any place upon the United 
                        States Capitol Grounds or within any of the 
                        Capitol Buildings with intent to impede, 
                        disrupt, or disturb the orderly conduct of any 
                        session of the Congress or either House thereof, 
                        or the orderly conduct within any such building 
                        of any hearing before, or any deliberations of, 
                        any committee or subcommittee of the Congress or 
                        either House thereof;
                            (5) to obstruct, or to impede passage 
                        through or within, the United States Capitol 
                        Grounds or any of the Capitol Buildings;
                            (6) to engage in any act of physical 
                        violence upon the United States Capitol Grounds 
                        or within any of the Capitol Buildings; or
                            (7) to parade, demonstrate, or picket within 
                        any of the Capitol Buildings.
            (c) Exemption of Government officials.
                Nothing contained in this section shall forbid any act 
            of any Member of Congress, or any employee of a Member of 
            the Congress, any officer or employee of the Congress or any 
            committee or subcommittee thereof, or any officer or 
            employee of either House of the Congress or any committee or 
            subcommittee thereof, which is performed in the lawful 
            discharge of his official duties. (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, 
            Sec. 6, 60 Stat. 718; Aug. 6, 1962, Pub. L. 87-571, 76 Stat. 
            307; Oct. 20, 1967, Pub. L. 90-108, Sec. 1(b), 81 Stat. 
            276.)
        532  Sec. 193g. Same; parades or assemblages; display of flags.
                It is forbidden to parade, stand, or move in processions 
            or assemblages in said United States Capitol Grounds, or to 
            display therein any flag, banner, or device designed or 
            adapted to bring into public notice any party, organization, 
            or movement, except as hereinafter provided in sections 193j 
            and 193k of this title. (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 7, 60 
            Stat. 719.)
            Note
                The Case of Jeannette Rankin Brigade v. Chief of Capitol 
            Police, D.C., D.C. 1972, 342 F. Supp. 575, affirmed 93 S. 
            Ct. 311, 409 U.S. 972, held that the governmental interest 
            in maintenance of a ``park-like setting'' on Capitol grounds 
            was not sufficient to sustain this section prohibiting 
            parades or assemblages on the Capitol grounds and that the 
            section is void on its face on both U.S.C.A. Const. Amends. 
            1 and 5 grounds.
        533  Sec. 193h. Prosecution and punishment of offenses.
                (a) Any violation of section 193f(a) of this title, and 
            any attempt to commit any such violation, shall be a felony 
            punishable by a fine not exceeding $5,000, or imprisonment 
            not exceeding five years, or both.
                (b) Any violation of section 193b, 193c, 193d, 193e, 
            193f(b), or 193g of this title, and any attempt to commit 
            any such violation, shall be a misdemeanor punishable by a 
            fine not exceeding $500, or imprisonment not exceeding six 
            months, or both.
                (c) Violations of sections 193a-193m, 212a, 212a-2, and 
            212b of this title, including attempts or conspiracies to 
            commit such violations, shall be prosecuted by the United 
            States attorney or his assistants in the name of the United 
            States. None of the general laws of the United States and 
            none of the laws of the District of Columbia shall be 
            superseded by any provision of said sections. Where the 
            conduct violating said sections also violates the general 
            laws of the United States or the laws of the District of 
            Columbia, both violations may be joined in a single 
            prosecution. Prosecution for any violation of section 
            193f(a) of this title or for conduct which constitutes a 
            felony under the general laws of the United States or the 
            laws of the District of Columbia shall be in the United 
            States District Court for the District of Columbia. All 
            other prosecutions for violations of said sections may be in 
            the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. Whenever any 
            person is convicted of a violation of said sections and of 
            the general laws of the United States or the laws of the 
            District of Columbia, in a prosecution under this 
            subsection, the penalty which may be imposed for such 
            violation is the highest penalty authorized by any of the 
            laws for violation of which the defendant is convicted. 
            (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 8, 60 Stat. 719; Oct. 20, 
            1967, Pub. L. 90-108, Sec. 1(c), 81 Stat. 277; July 29, 
            1970. Pub. L. 91-358, Sec. 155(a), 84 Stat. 570.)
        534  Sec. 193i. Assistance to authorities by Capitol employees.
                It shall be the duty of all persons employed in the 
            service of the Government in the Capitol or in the United 
            States Capitol Grounds to prevent, as far as may be in their 
            power, offenses against sections 193a-193m, 212a, 212a-2, 
            and 212b of this title, and to aid the police, by 
            information or otherwise, in securing the arrest and 
            conviction of offenders. (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 10, 
            60 Stat. 719.)
        535  Sec. 193j. Suspension of prohibitions against use of 
                grounds.
                In order to admit of the due observance within the 
            United States Capitol Grounds of occasions of national 
            interest becoming the cognizance and entertainment of 
            Congress, the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the 
            House of Representatives, acting concurrently, are 
            authorized to suspend for such proper occasions so much of 
            the prohibitions contained in sections 193b-193g of this 
            title as would prevent the use of the roads and walks of the 
            said grounds by processions or assemblages, and the use upon 
            them of suitable decorations, music, addresses, and 
            ceremonies: Provided, That responsible officers shall have 
            been appointed, and arrangements determined which are 
            adequate, in the judgment of said President of the Senate 
            and Speaker of the House of Representatives, for the 
            maintenance of suitable order and decorum in the 
            proceedings, and for guarding the Capitol and its grounds 
            from injury. (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 11, 60 Stat. 
            719.)
        536  Sec. 193k. Power of Capitol Police Board to suspend 
                prohibitions.
                In the absence from Washington of either of the officers 
            designated in section 193j of this title, the authority 
            therein given to suspend certain prohibitions of sections 
            193(a) to 193(m), 212(a), 212(a)(2), and 212(b) of this 
            title shall devolve upon the other, and in the absence from 
            Washington of both it shall devolve upon the Capitol Police 
            Board: Provided, That notwithstanding the provisions of 
            sections 193g and 193j of this title, the Capitol Police 
            Board is authorized to grant the Mayor of the District of 
            Columbia authority to permit the use of Louisiana Avenue for 
            any of the purposes prohibited by section 193g of this 
            title. (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 12, 60 Stat. 719; Dec. 
            24, 1973, Pub. L. 93-198, Title IV, Sec. 421, 87 Stat. 789.)
        537  Sec. 193l. Concerts on grounds.
                Nothing in sections 193a-193k and 212a, and 212a-2 of 
            this title shall be construed to prohibit the giving of 
            concerts in the United States Capitol Grounds, at such times 
            as will not interfere with the Congress, by any band in the 
            service of the United States, when and as authorized by the 
            Architect of the Capitol. (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 13, 
            60 Stat. 720.)
        538  Sec. 193m. Definitions.
                (a) As used in sections 193a-193m, 212a, 212a-2, and 
            212b of this title--
                            (1) The term ``Capitol Buildings'' means the 
                        United States Capitol, the Senate and House 
                        Office Buildings and garages, the Capitol Power 
                        Plant, all subways and enclosed passages 
                        connecting two or more such structures, and the 
                        real property underlying and enclosed by any 
                        such structure.
                            (2) The term ``firearm'' shall have the same 
                        meaning as when used in section 901(3) of title 
                        15.
                            (3) The term ``dangerous weapon'' includes 
                        all articles enumerated in section 14(a) of the 
                        Act of July 8, 1932 (47 Stat. 654, as amended; 
                        D.C. Code 22-3214(a)) and also any device 
                        designed to expel or hurl a projectile capable 
                        of causing injury to persons or property, 
                        daggers, dirks, stilettoes, and knives having 
                        blades over three inches in length.
                            (4) The term ``explosive'' shall have the 
                        same meaning as when used in section 121(1) of 
                        title 50.
                            (5) The term ``act of physical violence'' 
                        means any act involving (1) an assault or any 
                        other infliction or threat of infliction of 
                        death or bodily harm upon any individual, or (2) 
                        damage to or destruction of any real property or 
                        personal property. (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, 
                        Sec. 16(a), 60 Stat. 721; Oct. 20, 1967, Pub. L. 
                        90-108, Sec. 1(d), 81 Stat. 277.)
      538.1  Sec. 193m-1. Audit for private organizations conducting 
                activities or performing services in or on United States 
                Capitol Buildings or Grounds; report to Congress.
                Any private organization, except political parties and 
            committees constituted for election of Federal officials, 
            whether or not organized for profit and whether or not any 
            of its income inures to the benefit of any person, which 
            performs services or conducts activities in or on the United 
            States Capitol Buildings or Grounds, as defined by or 
            pursuant to law, shall be subject, for each year in which it 
            performs such services or conducts such activities, to a 
            special audit of its accounts which shall be conducted by 
            the General Accounting Office. The results of such audit 
            shall be reported by the Comptroller General to the Senate 
            and House of Representatives. (Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91-
            510, Sec. 451, 84 Stat. 1193.)
        539  Sec. 206. Capitol police; appointment; Chief of the Capitol 
                Police.
                There shall be a Capitol police. The captain and 
            lieutenants shall be selected jointly by the Sergeant at 
            Arms of the Senate and the Sergeant at Arms of the House of 
            Representatives; and one-half of the privates shall be 
            selected by the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and one-half 
            by the Sergeant at Arms of the House of Representatives. The 
            Capitol Police shall be headed by a Chief who shall be 
            appointed by the Capitol Police Board and shall serve at the 
            pleasure of the Board. (R.S. Sec. 1821; Apr. 28, 1902, ch. 
            594, Sec. 1, 32 Stat. 124; June 28, 1943, ch. 173, Sec. 101, 
            57 Stat. 230; Dec. 20, 1979, Pub. L. 96-152, Sec. 1(a), 93 
            Stat. 1099.)
      539.1  Sec. 206c. Emergency duty overtime pay for Capitol Police 
                from funds disbursed by Secretary of the Senate; 
                compensatory time off in place of additional pay; 
                election, accrual and transfer of time off; rules and 
                regulations.
                Each officer or member of the Capitol Police force whose 
            compensation is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate, 
            who performs duty in addition to the number of hours of his 
            regularly scheduled tour of duty for any day on or after 
            July 1, 1974, is entitled to be paid compensation (when 
            ordered to perform such duty by proper authority) or receive 
            compensatory time off for each such additional hour of duty, 
            except that an officer shall be entitled to such 
            compensation only upon a determination made by the Capitol 
            Police Board with respect to any additional hours. 
            Compensation of an officer or member for each additional 
            hour of duty shall be paid at a rate equal to his hourly 
            rate of compensation in the case of an officer, and at a 
            rate equal to one and one-half times his hourly rate of 
            compensation for a member of such force. The hourly rate of 
            compensation of such officer or member shall be determined 
            by dividing his annual rate of compensation by 2,080. Any 
            officer or member entitled to be paid compensation for such 
            additional hours shall make a written election, which is 
            irrevocable, whether he desires to be paid that compensation 
            or to receive compensatory time off instead for each such 
            hour. Compensation due officers and members under this 
            paragraph shall be paid by the Secretary, upon certification 
            by the Chief of the Capitol Police at the end of each 
            calendar quarter and approval of the Capitol Police Board, 
            from funds available in the Senate appropriation, 
            ``Salaries, Officers and Employees'' for the fiscal year in 
            which the additional hours of duty are performed without 
            regard to the limitations specified therein. Any 
            compensatory time off accrued and not used by an officer or 
            member at the time he is separated from service on the 
            Capitol Police force may not be transferred to any other 
            department, agency, or establishment of the United States 
            Government or the government of the District of Columbia, 
            and no lump-sum amount shall be paid for such accrued time. 
            The Capitol Police Board is authorized to prescribe 
            regulations to carry out this section. (Pub. L. 92-51, 
            Sec. 101, July 9, 1971; 85 Stat. 130, amended Pub. L. 93-
            145, Sec. 101, Nov. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 532; Pub. L. 93-371, 
            Sec. 101(5), Aug. 13, 1974, 88 Stat. 430.)
        540  Sec. 207. Payment of Capitol Police.
                The said police shall be paid on the order of the 
            Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and the Sergeant at Arms of 
            the House, or of either of them. (R.S. Sec. 1822.)
      540a
      540a  Sec. 207a. Unified payroll administration for Capitol 
                Police.
                Payroll administration for the Capitol Police and 
            civilian support personnel of the Capitol Police shall be 
            carried out on a unified basis by a single disbursing 
            authority. The Capitol Police Board, with the approval of 
            the Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
            Representatives and the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration of the Senate, acting jointly, shall, by 
            contract or otherwise, provide for such unified payroll 
            administration. (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 9C, as added 
            Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102-397, Title I, Sec. 102, 106 Stat. 
            1950; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 221(12), Aug. 21, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 1750.)
            Note
            Effective Date
                Section 104 of Pub. L. 102-397, as amended Pub. L. 102-
            392, Title III, Sec. 321, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1726, 
            provided that: ``The unified payroll administration under 
            the amendment made by section 102 [enacting this section] 
            shall apply with respect to pay periods beginning after 
            September 30, 1993.''
        541  Sec. 208. Suspension of Capitol Police members.
                The captain of the Capitol police may suspend any member 
            of the force, subject to the approval of the two Sergeants 
            at Arms and of the Architect of the Capitol. (R.S. 
            Sec. 1823; Mar. 3, 1921, ch. 124, Sec. 1, 41 Stat. 1291.)
        542  Sec. 209. Pay of Capitol Police members under suspension.
                Whenever a member of the Capitol police or watch force 
            is suspended from duty for cause, said policeman or watchman 
            shall receive no compensation for the time of such 
            suspension if he shall not be reinstated. (Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 
            129, Sec. 1, 18 Stat. 345.)
        543  Sec. 210. Uniform; belts and arms; Capitol Police.
                The Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and the Sergeant at 
            Arms of the House of Representatives shall select and 
            regulate the pattern for a uniform for the Capitol police 
            and watchmen, and furnish each member of the force with the 
            necessary belts and arms, payable out of the contingent fund 
            of the Senate and House of Representatives upon the 
            certificate of the officers above named. Such arms so 
            furnished shall be carried by each officer and member of the 
            Capitol Police, while in the Capitol Building (as defined in 
            section 16(a)(1) of the Act of July 31, 1946, as amended (40 
            U.S.C. 193m)), and while within or outside of the boundaries 
            of the United States Capitol Grounds (as defined in the 
            first section of the Act of July 31, 1946, as amended (40 
            U.S.C. 193a)), in such manner and at such times as the 
            Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and the Sergeant at Arms of 
            the House of Representatives may, by regulations, prescribe. 
            (R.S. Sec. 1824; Oct. 31, 1972, Pub. L. 92-607, Sec. 507, 86 
            Stat. 1508; May 4, 1977, Pub. L. 95-26, Sec. 112, 91 Stat. 
            87.)
        544  Sec. 211. Uniform; at whose expense; Capitol Police.
                The members of the Capitol police shall furnish at their 
            own expense, each his own uniform, which shall be in exact 
            conformity to that required by regulation of the Sergeants 
            at Arms. (R.S. Sec. 1825.)
        545  Sec. 212. Wearing uniform on duty; Capitol Police.
                The officers, privates, and watchmen of the Capitol 
            police shall, when on duty, wear the regulation uniform. 
            (Mar. 18, 1904, ch. 716, Sec. 1, 33 Stat. 89.)
        546  Sec. 212a. Policing of Capitol buildings and grounds; powers 
                of Capitol police; arrests by Capitol Police for crimes 
                of violence; arrests by District of Columbia police.
                The Capitol Police shall police the United States 
            Capitol Buildings and Grounds under the direction of the 
            Capitol Police Board, consisting of the Sergeant at Arms of 
            the United States Senate, the Sergeant at Arms of the House 
            of Representatives, and the Architect of the Capitol, and 
            shall have the power to enforce the provisions of sections 
            193a to 193m, 212a, 212a-2, and 212b of this title and 
            regulations promulgated under section 212b of this title, 
            and to make arrests within the United States Capitol 
            Buildings and Grounds for any violations of any law of the 
            United States, of the District of Columbia, or of any State, 
            or any regulation promulgated pursuant thereto: Provided, 
            That for the fiscal year for which appropriations are made 
            by this Act the Capitol Police shall have the additional 
            authority to make arrests within the District of Columbia 
            for crimes of violence, as defined in section 16 of title 
            18, committed within the Capitol Buildings and Grounds and 
            shall have the additional authority to make arrests, without 
            a warrant, for crimes of violence, as defined in section 16 
            of title 18, committed in the presence of any member of the 
            Capitol Police performing official duties: Provided further, 
            That the Metropolitan Police force of the District of 
            Columbia are authorized to make arrests within the United 
            States Capitol Buildings and Grounds for any violation of 
            any such laws or regulations, but such authority shall not 
            be construed as authorizing the Metropolitan Police force, 
            except with the consent or upon the request of the Capitol 
            Police Board, to enter such buildings to make arrests in 
            response to complaints or to serve warrants or to patrol the 
            United States Capitol Buildings and Grounds. For the purpose 
            of this section, the word ``grounds'' shall include the 
            House Office Buildings parking areas and that part or parts 
            of property which have been or hereafter are acquired in the 
            District of Columbia by the Architect of the Capitol, or by 
            an officer of the Senate or the House, by lease, purchase, 
            intergovernment transfer, or otherwise, for the use of the 
            Senate, the House, or the Architect of the Capitol. (July 
            31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 9, 60 Stat. 719; Dec. 24, 1973, Pub. 
            L. 93-198, title VII, Sec. 739(g)(4), (5), 87 Stat. 829; 
            Pub. L. 101-520, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2264; Pub. L. 102-
            392, Title III, Sec. 310, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1723; Pub. 
            L. 102-397, Title I, Sec. 103, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 
            1950.)
      546.1  Sec. 212a-1. Capitol grounds and Library of Congress 
                grounds; detail of police.
                The Capitol Police Board is authorized to detail police 
            from the House Office, Senate Office, and Capitol Buildings 
            for police duty on the Capitol Grounds and on the Library of 
            Congress Grounds. (Pub. L. 96-432, Sec. 5, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 
            Stat. 1853.)
      546.2  Sec. 212a-2. Protection of Members of Congress, officers of 
                Congress, and members of their families.
            (a) Authority of the Capitol Police.
                Subject to the direction of the Capitol Police Board, 
            the United States Capitol Police is authorized to protect, 
            in any area of the United States, the person of any Member 
            of Congress, officer of the Congress, as defined in section 
            60-1(b) of Title 2, and any member of the immediate family 
            of any such Member or officer, if the Capitol Police Board 
            determines such protection to be necessary.
            (b) Detail of police.
                In carrying out its authority under this section, the 
            Capitol Police Board, or its designee, is authorized, in 
            accordance with regulations issued by the Board pursuant to 
            this section, to detail, on a case-by-case basis, members of 
            the United States Capitol Police to provide such protection 
            as the Board may determine necessary under this section.
            (c) Arrest of suspects.
                In the performance of their protective duties under this 
            section, members of the United States Capitol Police are 
            authorized (1) to make arrests without warrant for any 
            offense against the United States committed in their 
            presence, or for any felony cognizable under the laws of the 
            United States if they have reasonable grounds to believe 
            that the person to be arrested has committed or is 
            committing such felony; and (2) to utilize equipment and 
            property of the Capitol Police.
            (d) Fines and penalties.
                Whoever knowingly and willfully obstructs, resists, or 
            interferes with a member of the Capitol Police engaged in 
            the performance of the protective functions authorized by 
            this section, shall be fined not more than $300 or 
            imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
            (e) Construction of provisions.
                Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to 
            imply that the authority, duty, and function conferred on 
            the Capitol Police Board and the United States Capitol 
            Police are in lieu of or intended to supersede any 
            authority, duty, or function imposed on any Federal 
            department, agency, bureau, or other entity, or the 
            Metropolitan Police of the District of Columbia, involving 
            the protection of any such Member, officer, or family 
            member.
            (f) ``United States'' defined.
                As used in this section, the term ``United States'' 
            means each of the several States of the United States, the 
            District of Columbia, and territories and possessions of the 
            United States. (Pub. L. 97-143, Sec. 1(a), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 
            Stat. 1723.)
            Note
                Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1977, Pub. L. 95-26, 
            chapter VIII, Sec. 113.91 Stat. 87, provided:
                ``Sec. 113. The Chairman of the Capitol Police Board is 
            authorized, subject to such conditions as he may impose, to 
            authorize the assignment of a police motor vehicle for use 
            by instructor personnel of the Capital Police Force while 
            assigned to the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center.''
            Cross Reference
                For the definition of Capitol Buildings, see section 
            193m of this title. (Senate Manual section 538.)
        547  Sec. 212a-3. Law enforcement authority of Capitol Police 
                oversight.
            (a) Scope.
                Subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by the 
            Capitol Police Board and approved by the Committee on House 
            Oversight of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
            on Rules and Administration of the Senate, a member of the 
            Capitol Police shall have authority to make arrests and 
            otherwise enforce the laws of the United States, including 
            the laws of the District of Columbia--
                            (1) within the District of Columbia, with 
                        respect to any crime of violence committed 
                        within the United States Capitol Grounds;
                            (2) within the District of Columbia, with 
                        respect to any crime of violence committed in 
                        the presence of the member, if the member is in 
                        the performance of official duties when the 
                        crime is committed;
                            (3) within the District of Columbia, to 
                        prevent imminent loss of life or injury to 
                        person or property, if the officer is in the 
                        performance of official duties when the 
                        authority is exercised; and
                            (4) within the area described in subsection 
                        (b) of this section.
            (b) Area.
                The area referred to in subsection (a)(4) of this 
            section is that area bounded by the north curb of H Street 
            from 3rd Street, N.W. to 7th Street, N.E., the east curb of 
            7th Street from H Street, N.E., to M Street, S.E., the south 
            curb of M Street from 7th Street, S.E., to 1st Street, S.E., 
            the east curb of 1st Street from M Street, S.E., to Potomac 
            Avenue S.E., the southeast curb of Potomac Avenue from 1st 
            Street, S.E. to South Capitol Street, S.W., the west curb of 
            South Capitol Street from Potomac Avenue, S.W. to P Street, 
            S.W., the north curb of P Street from South Capitol Street, 
            S.W. to 3rd Street, S.W., and the west curb of 3rd Street 
            from P Street, S.W. to H Street, N.W.
            (c) Authority of Metropolitan Police force unaffected.
                This section does not affect the authority of the 
            Metropolitan Police force of the District of Columbia with 
            respect to the area described in subsection (b) of this 
            section.
            (d) ``Crime of violence'' defined.
                As used in this section, the term ``crime of violence'' 
            has the meaning given that term in section 16 of title 18. 
            (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, Sec. 9B, as added Oct. 6, 1992, 
            Pub. L. 102-397, Title I, Sec. 101, 106 Stat. 1949; Aug. 20, 
            1996, Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 221(13), 110 Stat. 
            1750.)
      547.1  Sec. 212b. Regulation of traffic by Capitol Police Board.
                (a) The Capitol Police Board, consisting of the Sergeant 
            at Arms of the United States Senate, the Sergeant at Arms of 
            the House of Representatives, and the Architect of the 
            Capitol, shall have exclusive charge and control of the 
            regulation and movement of all vehicular and other traffic, 
            including the parking and impounding of vehicles and 
            limiting the speed thereof, within the United States Capitol 
            Grounds; and said Board is authorized and empowered to make 
            and enforce all necessary regulations therefor and to 
            prescribe penalties for violation of such regulations, such 
            penalties not to exceed a fine of $300 or imprisonment for 
            not more than ninety days. Notwithstanding the foregoing 
            provisions of this section those provisions of the Superior 
            Court of the District of Columbia Traffic Act of 1925, as 
            amended, for the violation of which specific penalties are 
            provided in said Act, as amended, shall be applicable to the 
            United States Capitol Grounds. Prosecutions for violation of 
            such regulations shall be in the Superior Court of the 
            District of Columbia, upon information by the Corporation 
            Counsel of the District of Columbia or any of his 
            assistants.
      547.2      (b) Regulations authorized to be promulgated under this 
            section shall be promulgated by the Capitol Police Board and 
            such regulations may be amended from time to time by the 
            Capitol Police Board whenever it shall deem it necessary: 
            Provided, That until such regulations are promulgated and 
            become effective, the traffic regulations of the District of 
            Columbia shall be applicable to the United States Capitol 
            Grounds.
      547.3      (c) All regulations promulgated under the authority of 
            this section shall, when adopted by the Capitol Police 
            Board, be printed in one or more of the daily newspapers 
            published in the District of Columbia, and shall not become 
            effective until the expiration of ten days after the date of 
            such publication, except that whenever the Capitol Police 
            Board deems it advisable to make effective immediately any 
            regulation relating to parking, diverting of vehicular 
            traffic, or the closing of streets to such traffic, the 
            regulation shall be effective immediately upon placing at 
            the point where it is to be in force conspicuous signs 
            containing a notice of the regulation. Any expenses incurred 
            under this subsection shall be payable from the 
            appropriation ``Uniforms and Equipment, Capitol Police''.
      547.4      (d) It shall be the duty of the Commissioners of the 
            District of Columbia, or any officer or employee of the 
            government of the District of Columbia designated by said 
            Commissioners, upon request of the Capitol Police Board, to 
            cooperate with the Board in the preparation of the 
            regulations authorized to be promulgated under this section, 
            and any future amendments thereof. (July 31, 1946, ch. 707, 
            Sec. 14, 60 Stat. 720; July 11, 1947, ch. 211, Sec. Sec. 1, 
            2, 61 Stat. 308; July 8, 1963, Pub. L. 88-60, 77 Stat. 78; 
            Dec. 24, 1973, Pub. L. 93-198, Title VII, Sec. 739(g)(6), 87 
            Stat. 829.)
        548  [Omitted.]

  

        549  Sec. 214. Protection of grounds.
                It shall be the duty of the Capitol police to prevent 
            any portion of the Capitol Grounds and terraces from being 
            used as playgrounds or otherwise, so far as may be necessary 
            to protect the public property, turf and grass from 
            destruction or injury. (Apr. 29, 1876, ch. 86, 19 Stat. 41.)
      549a
      549a  [Omitted.]

  

      549b
      549b  Sec. 214b. Designation of Capitol grounds as play area for 
                children of Members and employees of Senate or House of 
                Representatives.
            (a) Authority of Capitol Police Board.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject 
            to the provisions of paragraph (1) of subsection (b) of this 
            section, the Capitol Police Board is authorized to designate 
            certain portions of the Capitol grounds (other than a 
            portion within the area bounded on the North by Constitution 
            Avenue, on the South by Independence Avenue, on the East by 
            First Street, and on the West by First Street) for use 
            exclusively as play areas for the benefit of children 
            attending a day care center which is established for the 
            primary purpose of providing child care for the children of 
            Members and employees of the Senate or the House of 
            Representatives.
            (b) Required approval; fences; termination of authority.
                (1) In the case of any such designation referred to in 
            subsection (a) of this section involving a day care center 
            established for the benefit of children of Members and 
            employees of the Senate, the designation shall be with the 
            approval of the Senate Committee on Rules and 
            Administration, and in the case of such a center established 
            for the benefit of children of Members and employees of the 
            House of Representatives, the designation shall be with the 
            approval of the House Committee on House Oversight, with the 
            concurrence of the House Office Building Commission.
                (2) The Architect of the Capitol shall enclose with a 
            fence any area designated pursuant to subsection (a) of this 
            section as a play area.
                (3) The authority to use an area designated pursuant to 
            subsection (a) of this section as a play area may be 
            terminated at any time by the Committee which approved such 
            designation.
            (c) Playground equipment; required approval.
                Nothing in this or any other Act shall be construed as 
            prohibiting any day care center referred to in subsection 
            (a) of this section from placing playground equipment within 
            an area designated pursuant to subsection (a) of this 
            section for use solely in connection with the operation of 
            such center, subject to, in the case of a day care center 
            established for the benefit of children of Members and 
            employees of the Senate, the approval of the Senate 
            Committee on Rules and Administration, and in the case of 
            such a center established for the benefit of children of 
            Members and employees of the House of Representatives, the 
            approval of the House Committee on House Oversight, with the 
            concurrence of the House Office Building Commission.
            (d) Day care center.
                The day care center referred to in S. Res. 269, Ninety-
            eighth Congress, first session, is a day care center for 
            which space may be designated under subsection (a) of this 
            section for use as a play area. (Pub. L. 98-392, Sec. 3, 
            Aug. 21, 1984, 98 Stat. 1362; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
            Sec. 221(14), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1750.)
      549c
      549c  Sec. 214c. Senate Employee Child Care Center.
            (a) Applicability of provisions.
                The provisions of this section shall apply to any 
            individual who is employed by the Senate day care center 
            (known as the ``Senate Employee Child Care Center'' and 
            hereafter in this section referred to as the ``Center'') 
            established pursuant to Senate Resolution 269, Ninety-eighth 
            Congress, and section 214b of this title.
            (b) Employee election of health care insurance coverage.
                Any individual described under subsection (a) of this 
            section who is employed by the Center on or after August 14, 
            1991, shall be deemed an employee under section 8901(1) of 
            title 5, for purposes of health insurance coverage under 
            chapter 89 of such title 5. An individual described under 
            subsection (a) of this section who is an employee of the 
            Center on August 14, 1991, may elect coverage under this 
            subsection during the 31-day period beginning on August 14, 
            1991, and during such periods as determined by the Office of 
            Personnel Management for employees of the Center employed 
            after such date.
            (c) Deductions and withholding from employee pay.
                The Center shall make such deductions and withholdings 
            from the pay of an individual described under subsection (a) 
            of this section who is an employee of the Center in 
            accordance with subsection (d) of this section.
            (d) Employee records; amount of deductions.
                The Center shall--
                            (1) maintain records on all employees 
                        covered under this section in such manner as the 
                        Secretary of the Senate may require for 
                        administrative purposes; and
                            (2) after consultation with the Secretary of 
                        the Senate--

                                (A) make deductions from the pay of 
                            employees of amounts determined in 
                            accordance with section 8906 of title 5; and

                                (B) transmit such deductions to the 
                            Secretary of the Senate for deposit and 
                            remittance to the Office of Personnel 
                            Management.

            (e) Government contributions.
                Government contributions for individuals receiving 
            benefits under this section, as computed under section 8906 
            of title 5, shall be made by the Secretary of the Senate 
            from the appropriations account, within the contingent fund 
            of the Senate, ``miscellaneous items''.
            (f) Regulations.
                The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe 
            regulations to carry out provisions of this section. (Pub. 
            L. 102-90, Title III, Sec. 311, Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 
            467.)
      549d
      549d  Sec. 214d. Child care center employee benefits.
            (a) Election for coverage.
                The provisions of this section shall apply to any 
            individual who--
                            (1)(A) On October 6, 1992, is employed by 
                        the Senate day care center (known as the 
                        ``Senate Employee Child Care Center'') 
                        established pursuant to Senate Resolution 269, 
                        Ninety-eighth Congress, and section 214b of this 
                        title; and
                            (B) makes an election to be covered by this 
                        section with the Secretary of the Senate, no 
                        later than 60 days after October 6, 1992; or
                            (2) is hired by the Center after October 6, 
                        1992, and makes an election to be covered by 
                        this section with the Secretary of the Senate, 
                        no later than 60 days after the date such 
                        individual begins employment.
            (b) Payment of deposit; payroll deduction.
                (1) Any individual described under subsection (a) of 
            this section may be credited, under section 8411 of title 5 
            for service as an employee of the Senate day care center 
            before January 1, 1993, if such employee makes a payment of 
            the deposit under section 8411(f)(2) of such title without 
            application of the provisions of section 8411(b)(3) of such 
            title.
                (2) An individual described under subsection (a) of this 
            section shall be credited under section 8411 of title 5 for 
            any service as an employee of the Senate day care center on 
            or after October 6, 1992, if such employee has such amounts 
            deducted and withheld from his pay as determined by the 
            Office of Personnel Management (in accordance with 
            regulations prescribed by such Office subject to subsection 
            (h) of this section) which would be deducted and withheld 
            from the basic pay of an employee under section 8422 of 
            title 5.
            (c) Survivor annuities and disability benefits.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, any 
            service performed by an individual described under 
            subsection (a) of this section as an employee of the Senate 
            day care center is deemed to be civilian service creditable 
            under section 8411 of title 5 for purposes of qualifying for 
            survivor annuities and disability benefits under subchapters 
            IV and V of chapter 84 of such title, if such individual 
            makes payment of an amount, determined by the Office of 
            Personnel Management, which would have been deducted and 
            withheld from the basic pay of such individual if such 
            individual had been an employee subject to section 8422 of 
            title 5 for such period so credited, together with interest 
            thereon.
            (d) Participation in Thrift Savings Plan.
                An individual described under subsection (a) of this 
            section shall be deemed a congressional employee for 
            purposes of chapter 84 of title 5 including subchapter III 
            thereof and may make contributions under section 8432 of 
            such title effective for the first applicable pay period 
            beginning on or after October 6, 1992.
            (e) Life insurance coverage.
                An individual described under subsection (a) of this 
            section shall be deemed an employee under section 8701(a)(3) 
            of title 5 for purposes of life insurance coverage under 
            chapter 87 of such title.
            (f) Source of contributions for benefits.
                Government contributions for individuals receiving 
            benefits under this section, as computed under sections 
            8423, 8432, and 8708, shall be made by the Secretary of the 
            Senate from the appropriations account, within the 
            contingent fund of the Senate, ``Miscellaneous Items''.
            (g) Certification of creditable service.
                The Office of Personnel Management shall accept the 
            certification of the Secretary of the Senate concerning 
            creditable service for the purpose of this section.
            (h) Payment to Center of amounts equal to Federal tax on 
                employers.
                (1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2), the 
            Secretary of the Senate shall pay such amounts to the Senate 
            day care center equal to the tax on employers under section 
            3111 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with respect to 
            each employee of the Senate day care center. Such payments 
            shall be made from the appropriations account, within the 
            contingent fund of the Senate, ``Miscellaneous Items''.
                (2) The Senate day care center shall provide appropriate 
            documentation to the Secretary of the Senate of payment by 
            such center of the tax described under paragraph (1), before 
            the Secretary of the Senate may pay any amount to such 
            center as provided under paragraph (1).
            (i) Administrative provisions.
                The Center shall--
                            (1) consult with the Secretary of the Senate 
                        on the administration of this section;
                            (2) maintain records on all employees 
                        covered under this section in such manner as the 
                        Secretary of the Senate may require for 
                        administrative purposes;
                            (3) make deductions and withholdings from 
                        the pay of employees in the amounts determined 
                        under sections 8422, 8432, and 8707 of title 5; 
                        and
                            (4) transmit such deductions and 
                        withholdings to the Secretary of the Senate for 
                        deposit and remittance to the Office of 
                        Personnel Management.
            (j) Regulations.
                The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe 
            regulations to carry out the provisions of this section. 
            (Pub. L. 102-392, Title III, Sec. 320, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 
            Stat. 1725; Pub. L. 103-50, Sec. 1203, July 2, 1993, 107 
            Stat. 268.)
        550  Sec. 215. Supervision of Botanical Garden.
                The supervision of the Capitol police shall extend over 
            the Botanical Garden. (R.S. Sec. 1826.)
        551  Sec. 216. Superintendent, etc., of Botanical Garden and 
                greenhouses.
                There shall be a superintendent and assistants in the 
            Botanical Garden and greenhouses, who shall be under the 
            direction of the Joint Committee on the Library. (R.S. 
            Sec. 1827.)
        552  Sec. 216a. Restriction on use of appropriation for Botanical 
                Garden.
                On and after July 31, 1958, no part of any appropriation 
            for the Botanic Garden shall be used for the distribution, 
            by congressional allotment, of trees, plants, shrubs, or 
            other nursery stock. (July 31, 1958, Pub. L. 85-570, 
            Sec. 101, 72 Stat. 450.)
        553  Sec. 223. Capitol Grounds shuttle service; purchase, etc., 
                of vehicles.
                Funds appropriated for the Capitol Grounds after October 
            1, 1976, shall be available for the purchase or rental, 
            maintenance and operation of passenger motor vehicles to 
            provide shuttle service for Members and employees of 
            Congress to and from the buildings in the Legislative group. 
            (Pub. L. 94-440, Title VI, Sec. 601, Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 
            1453.)

            
                   Chapter 18.--NATIONAL VISITOR CENTER FACILITIES

            
                          Part A.--National Visitor Center

        554  Sec. 801. National Visitor Center; designation; parking 
                facility; authorization of agreements and leases for use 
                of Union Station.

                                    * * * * * * *

                                        Note
                Capitol Grounds; Erection of Flagpoles and Improvement 
            of Traffic. Pub. L. 94-320, June 25, 1976, 90 Stat. 711, 
            provided:
                That, subject to the approval of the Architect of the 
            Capitol and to such conditions as he may prescribe, the 
            Secretary of the Interior is authorized to make such use of 
            that portion of the United States Capitol Grounds adjacent 
            or in close proximity to the sidewalks abutting the circular 
            perimeter of the Union Station Plaza in front of Columbus 
            Plaza and the National Visitor Center as may be necessary to 
            enable the Secretary of the Interior to erect and maintain 
            flagpoles to fly the flags of each of the States of the 
            United States and its territories and possessions, generally 
            as shown on NCPC Map File Numbered 1.11 (38.00)-27861.
                Sec. 2. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
            the Architect of the Capitol is authorized, subject to the 
            provisions of this Act and to such conditions as the 
            Architect of the Capitol may prescribe, to enter into an 
            agreement with the appropriate officials of the government 
            of the District of Columbia pursuant to which the Architect 
            of the Capitol is authorized to permit the government of the 
            District of Columbia to utilize certain areas of the United 
            States Capitol Grounds for the purpose of making certain 
            street changes in order to coordinate and improve the flow 
            of traffic to and from the United States Capitol Grounds and 
            the National Visitor Center (formerly Union Station), and 
            the flow of traffic within Union Station Plaza.
                (b) Pursuant to such agreement, the Architect of the 
            Capitol is authorized to make available to the government of 
            the District of Columbia, for the purposes referred to in 
            subsection (a), certain portions of the United States 
            Capitol Grounds as follows:
                            (1) approximately two thousand one hundred 
                        square feet of land in Square 680, at the east 
                        end thereof, located within the United States 
                        Capitol Grounds adjacent to the Union Station 
                        Plaza, Massachusetts Avenue, and E Street 
                        Northeast, in order to enable the government of 
                        the District of Columbia to carry out the 
                        purposes referred to in subsection (a) of this 
                        section, and to change the curbline, and 
                        relocate existing sidewalks and curbs, to 
                        conform to such street change;
                            (2) approximately three thousand five 
                        hundred square feet of land in Square 723, at 
                        the northwest end thereof, located within the 
                        United States Capitol Grounds adjacent to the 
                        Union Station Plaza, First Street, and 
                        Massachusetts Avenue Northeast, in order to 
                        enable the government of the District of 
                        Columbia to carry out the purposes referred to 
                        in subsection (a) of this section, and to change 
                        the curbline, and relocate existing sidewalks 
                        and curbs, to conform to such street change; and
                            (3) approximately four hundred square feet 
                        of land in Square 721, at the southwest end 
                        thereof, located within the United States 
                        Capitol Grounds adjacent to the Union Station 
                        Plaza and Massachusetts Avenue Northeast, in 
                        order to enable the government of the District 
                        of Columbia to carry out the purposes referred 
                        to in subsection (a) of this section, and to 
                        change the curbline, and relocate existing 
                        sidewalks and curbs, to conform to such street 
                        change.
                Sec. 3. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to grant 
            to the Secretary of the Interior or to the government of the 
            District of Columbia any right, title, or interest in or to 
            any part of the United States Capitol Grounds and such area 
            affected by this Act or any agreement pursuant thereto shall 
            continue to be a part of the United States Capitol Grounds. 
            All areas of the United States Capitol Grounds, including 
            sidewalks, lawns and other growth, streets, and curblines, 
            disturbed by reason of operations pursuant to this Act shall 
            be promptly relocated or restored by the Secretary of the 
            Interior or the government of the District of Columbia, as 
            the case may be, in a manner approved by, and satisfactory 
            to the Architect of the Capitol.
                Sec. 4. The Congress shall not incur any expense, 
            liability, obligation, or other responsibility (operational 
            or otherwise), under or by reason of this Act, or any 
            agreement pursuant to this Act, or be liable under any claim 
            or any nature or kind that may arise from either the 
            construction, operation, or maintenance of the flagpoles 
            authorized by this Act, or from carrying out any agreement 
            pursuant to this Act.
            
                       Subchapter III.--Capitol Visitor Center

        556  Sec. 831. Capitol educational and information center and 
                information and distribution stations; operation 
                agreements.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
            Architect of the Capitol, in consultation with the House 
            Office Building Commission and the Senate Office Building 
            Commission, is hereby authorized and directed to provide 
            adequate space and facilities in the Capitol Building for an 
            educational and informational center and information and 
            distribution stations to afford visitors to the Capitol 
            Building an opportunity to acquire (1) information relative 
            to Congressional offices, (2) assistance relative to their 
            visit to the Capitol, (3) pamphlets, books, drawings, slides 
            and photographs, and related materials, and (4) information 
            about the Capitol and the history of the Capitol Building 
            and past and present Congresses. All materials distributed 
            by such educational and informational center and such 
            stations shall first be approved by the Architect of the 
            Capitol, after consultation with the House Committee on 
            House Oversight of the House of Representatives, the Senate 
            Committee on Rules and Administration, the United States 
            Capitol Historical Society, and such other educational and 
            historical groups as the Architect of the Capitol deems 
            appropriate. The Architect of the Capitol is hereby 
            authorized to enter into such agreements as may be 
            reasonably necessary to operate such educational and 
            informational center and stations. (Mar. 12, 1968, Pub. L. 
            90-264, Sec. 301, 82 Stat. 46; Aug. 20, 1996, Pub. L. 104-
            186, Title II, Sec. 221(16), 110 Stat. 1750.)
            
                        Subchapter IV.--Capitol Guide Service

        558  Sec. 851. Capitol Guide Service.

  

      558.1  (a) Establishment; designation; Supervision of Capitol Guide 
                Board; membership of Board.
                There is hereby established an organization under the 
            Congress of the United States, to be designated the 
            ``Capitol Guide Service'', which shall be subject to the 
            direction, supervision, and control of a Capitol Guide Board 
            consisting of the Architect of the Capitol, the Sergeant at 
            Arms of the Senate, and the Sergeant at Arms of the House of 
            Representatives.
      558.2  (b) Guided tours; regulations.
                The Capitol Guide Service is authorized and directed to 
            provide guided tours of the interior of the United States 
            Capitol Building for the education and enlightenment of the 
            general public, without charge for such tours. All such 
            tours shall be conducted in compliance with regulations 
            prescribed by the Capitol Guide Board.
      558.3  (c) Duties of Capitol Guide Board; positions of guide in 
                Capitol Guide Service; establishment and revision; 
                Chief, Deputy Chief, and Assistant Chief Guide and 
                Guides: appointment, duties, pay and termination of 
                employment.
                The Capitol Guide Board is authorized--
                            (1) with the prior approval of the Committee 
                        on Rules and Administration of the Senate and 
                        the Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
                        Representatives, to establish and revise such 
                        number of positions of Guide in the Capitol 
                        Guide Service as the Board considers necessary 
                        to carry out effectively the activities of the 
                        Capitol Guide Service;
                            (2) to appoint, on a permanent basis, 
                        without regard to political affiliation, and 
                        solely on the basis of fitness to perform their 
                        duties, a Chief Guide, a Deputy Chief Guide, and 
                        an Assistant Chief Guide, and, in addition, such 
                        number of Guides as may be authorized under 
                        subparagraph (1) of this subsection;
                            (3) to prescribe their duties and 
                        responsibilities;
                            (4) with the prior approval of the Committee 
                        on Rules and Administration of the Senate and 
                        the Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
                        Representatives, to fix, and adjust from time to 
                        time, their respective rates of pay at single 
                        per annum (gross) rates; and
                            (5) to terminate their employment as the 
                        Board considers appropriate.
      558.4  (d) Uniforms.
                The Capitol Guide Board shall--
                            (1) prescribe a uniform dress, including 
                        appropriate insignia, which shall be worn by 
                        personnel of the Capitol Guide Service when on 
                        duty; and
                            (2) from time to time, as may be necessary, 
                        procure and furnish such uniforms to such 
                        personnel without charge to such personnel.
      558.5  (e) Acceptance of fees; prohibition.
                An employee of the Capitol Guide Service shall not 
            charge or accept any fee, or accept any gratuity, for or on 
            account of his official services.
      558.6  (f) Personnel detail.
                The Capitol Guide Board may detail personnel of the 
            Capitol Guide Service to assist the United States Capitol 
            Police by providing ushering and informational services, and 
            other services not directly involving law enforcement, in 
            connection with the inauguration of the President and Vice 
            President of the United States, the official reception of 
            representatives of foreign nations and other persons by the 
            Senate or House of Representatives, and other special or 
            ceremonial occasions in the United States Capitol Building 
            or on the United States Capitol Grounds which require the 
            presence of additional Government personnel and which cause 
            the temporary suspension of the performance of the regular 
            duties of the Capitol Guide Service.
      558.7  (g) Historical and educational information.
                The Capitol Guide Board may receive and consider advice 
            and information from any private historical or educational 
            organization, association, or society with respect to those 
            operations of the Capitol Guide Service which involve the 
            furnishing of historical and educational information to the 
            general public.
      558.8  (h) Regulations for operation of service.
                With the prior approval of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration of the Senate and the Committee on House 
            Administration of the House of Representatives, the Capitol 
            Guide Board shall prescribe such regulations as the Board 
            considers necessary and appropriate for the operation of the 
            Capitol Guide Service.
      558.9  (i) Disciplinary action.
                The Capitol Guide Board may take appropriate 
            disciplinary action, including, when circumstances warrant, 
            suspension from duty without pay, reduction in pay, 
            demotion, or removal from employment with the Capitol Guide 
            Service, against any employee who violates any provision of 
            this section or any regulation prescribed by the Board 
            pursuant to this section.
     558.10  (j) Volunteers.
                (1) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, the 
            Capitol Guide Service is authorized to accept voluntary 
            personal services.
                (2) No person shall be permitted to donate personal 
            services under this subsection unless the person has first 
            agreed, in writing, to waive any claim against the United 
            States arising out of or in connection with such services, 
            other than a claim under chapter 81 of title 5.
                (3) No person donating personal services under this 
            section shall be considered an employee of the United States 
            for any purposes other than for purposes of chapter 81 of 
            title 5.
                (4) In no case shall the acceptance of personal services 
            under this section result in the reduction of pay or 
            displacement of any employee of the Capitol Guide Service.

            (As amended Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 221(17), Aug. 
            20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1750; Pub. L. 104-279, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 
            Stat. 3358.)

            
             Chapter 21.--NATIONAL CAPITAL MEMORIALS AND COMMEMORATIVE 
                                       WORKS

      559.1  Sec. 1001. Purposes.
                The purposes of this Act are as follows:
                            (a) to preserve the integrity of the 
                        comprehensive design of the L'Enfant and 
                        McMillan plans for the Nation's Capital;
                            (b) to ensure the continued public use and 
                        enjoyment of open space in the District of 
                        Columbia;
                            (c) to preserve, protect and maintain the 
                        limited amount of open space available to 
                        residents of, and visitors to, the Nation's 
                        Capital; and
                            (d) to ensure that future commemorative 
                        works in areas administered by the National Park 
                        Service and the General Services Administration 
                        in the District of Columbia and its environs (1) 
                        are appropriately designed, constructed, and 
                        located and (2) reflect a consensus of the 
                        lasting national significance of the subjects 
                        involved.

            (Pub. L. 99-652, Sec. 1, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3650.)

      559.2  Sec. 1002. Definitions.
                As used in this Act--
                            (a) the term ``Secretary'' means the 
                        Secretary of the Interior;
                            (b) the term ``Administrator'' means the 
                        Administrator of the General Services 
                        Administration;
                            (c) the term ``commemorative work'' means 
                        any statue, monument, sculpture, memorial, 
                        plaque, inscription or other structure or 
                        landscape feature, including a garden or 
                        memorial grove, designed to perpetuate in a 
                        permanent manner the memory of an individual, 
                        group, event or other significant element of 
                        American history. The term does not include any 
                        such item which is located within the interior 
                        of a structure or a structure which is primarily 
                        used for other purposes;
                            (d) the term ``person'' means a public 
                        agency, and an individual, group or organization 
                        that is described in section 501(c)(3) of title 
                        26 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of 
                        such title, and which is authorized by Congress 
                        to establish a commemorative work in the 
                        District of Columbia and its environs;
                            (e) notwithstanding any other provision of 
                        law, the term ``the District of Columbia and its 
                        environs'' means those lands and properties 
                        administered by the National Park Service and 
                        the General Services Administration located in 
                        Areas I and II as depicted on the map numbered 
                        869/86501, and dated May 1, 1986.

            (Pub. L. 99-652, Sec. 2, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3650; Pub. 
            L. 103-321, Sec. 2, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1793.)

      559.3  Sec. 1003. Congressional authorization of commemorative 
                works.
            (a) Works on Federal lands.
                No commemorative work may be established on Federal 
            lands referred to in section 1001(d) of this title in the 
            District of Columbia and its environs unless specifically 
            authorized by law. All such authorized commemorative works 
            shall be subject to applicable provisions of this chapter.
            (b) Military commemorative works.
                A military commemorative work may be authorized only to 
            commemorate a war or similar major military conflict or to 
            commemorate any branch of the Armed Forces. No commemorative 
            work commemorating a lesser conflict or a unit of an Armed 
            Force shall be authorized. Commemorative works to a war or 
            similar major military conflict shall not be authorized 
            until at least 10 years after the officially designated end 
            of the event.
            (c) Works commemorating events, individuals, or groups.
                 A commemorative work commemorating an event, 
            individual, or group of individuals, other than a military 
            commemorative work as described in subsection (b) of this 
            section, shall not be authorized until after the 25th 
            anniversary of the event, death of the individual, or death 
            of the last surviving member of the group.
            (d) Consultation with National Capital Memorial Commission.
                In considering legislation authorizing commemorative 
            works within the District of Columbia and its environs, the 
            Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives 
            and the Energy and Natural Resources Committee of the Senate 
            shall solicit the views of the National Capital Memorial 
            Commission. (Pub. L. 99-652, Sec. 3, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 
            Stat. 3651, amended Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 101(f) [Title II, 
            Sec. 3], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329-196; Pub. L. 100-230, 
            Sec. 3, Jan. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1564; Pub. L. 103-321, 
            Sec. 2, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1794; Pub. L. 104-186, 
            Title II, Sec. 221(18) Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1750.)
      559.4  Sec. 1004. National Capital Memorial Commission.
                (a) The National Capital Memorial Advisory Committee as 
            established by the Secretary is redesignated as the National 
            Capital Memorial Commission. The membership of the 
            Commission shall be expanded to include:
                            Director, National Park Service (Chairman)
                            Architect of the Capitol
                            Chairman, American Battle Monuments 
                        Commission
                            Chairman, Commission of Fine Arts
                            Chairman, National Capital Planning 
                        Commission
                            Mayor, District of Columbia
                            Commissioner, Public Building Service, 
                        General Services Administration
                            Secretary, Department of Defense
                (b) The National Capital Memorial Commission shall 
            advise the Secretary and the Administrator on policy and 
            procedures for establishment of (and proposals to establish) 
            commemorative works in the District of Columbia and its 
            environs, as well as such other matters concerning 
            commemorative works in the Nation's Capital as it may deem 
            appropriate. The Commission shall meet at least twice 
            annually. (Pub. L. 99-652, Sec. 4, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 
            3651.)
      559.5  Sec. 1005. Availability of map depicting Area I and Area II.
                The Secretary and the Administrator shall make 
            available, for public inspection at appropriate offices of 
            the National Park Service and the General Services 
            Administration, the map numbered 869/86501, and dated May 1, 
            1986. (Pub. L. 99-652, Sec. 5, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 
            3651.)
      559.6  Sec. 1006. Specific conditions applicable to Areas I and II.
                (a) Area I.--The Secretary or Administrator (as 
            appropriate) may, after seeking the advice of the National 
            Capital Memorial Commission, recommend the location of a 
            commemorative work in Area I only if the Secretary or 
            Administrator (as appropriate) determines that the subject 
            of the commemorative work is of preeminent historical and 
            lasting significance to the Nation. The Secretary or 
            Administrator (as appropriate) shall notify the National 
            Capital Memorial Commission and the committees of Congress 
            specified in section 3(b) of the recommendation by the 
            Secretary or Administrator (as appropriate) that a 
            commemorative work should be located in Area I. The location 
            of a commemorative work in Area I shall be deemed not 
            authorized, unless, not later than 150 calendar days after 
            such notification, the recommendation is approved by law.
                (b) Area II.--Commemorative works of subjects of lasting 
            historical significance to the American people may be 
            located in Area II. (Pub. L. 99-652, Sec. 6, Nov. 14, 1986, 
            100 Stat. 3651; Pub. L. 103-321, Sec. 2, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 
            Stat. 1794.)
      559.7  Sec. 1007. Site and design approval.
                (a) Any person authorized by law to establish a 
            commemorative work in the District of Columbia and its 
            environs shall comply with each of the following 
            requirements before requesting the permit for the 
            construction of the commemorative work:
                            (1) Such person shall consult with the 
                        National Capital Memorial Commission regarding 
                        the selection of alternative sites and designs 
                        for the commemorative work.
                            (2) Following consultation in accordance 
                        with paragraph (1), the Secretary or 
                        Administrator (as appropriate) shall submit, on 
                        behalf of such person, site and design proposals 
                        to the Commission on Fine Arts and the National 
                        Capital Planning Commission for their approval.
                (b) In considering site and design proposals, the 
            Commission on Fine Arts, the National Capital Planning 
            Commission and the Secretary and Administrator shall be 
            guided by, but not limited by, the following criteria:
                            (1) to the maximum extent possible, a 
                        commemorative work shall be located in 
                        surroundings that are relevant to the subject of 
                        the commemorative work;
                            (2) a commemorative work shall be so located 
                        as to prevent interference with, or encroachment 
                        upon, any existing commemorative work and to 
                        protect, to the maximum extent practicable, open 
                        space and existing public use; and
                            (3) a commemorative work shall be 
                        constructed of durable material suitable to the 
                        outdoor environment. Landscape features of 
                        commemorative works shall be compatible with the 
                        climate. (Pub. L. 99-652, Sec. 7, Nov. 14, 1986, 
                        100 Stat. 3652; Pub. L. 103-321, Sec. 2(d), Aug. 
                        26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1794.)
      559.8  Sec. 1008. Criteria for issuance of construction permit.
            (a) Issuance of construction permit.
                Prior to issuing a permit for the construction of a 
            commemorative work in the District of Columbia and its 
            environs, the Secretary or Administrator (as appropriate) 
            shall determine that:
                            (1) the site and design have been approved 
                        by the Secretary or Administrator (as 
                        appropriate), the National Capital Planning 
                        Commission and the Commission on Fine Arts;
                            (2) knowledgeable persons qualified in the 
                        field of preservation and maintenance have been 
                        consulted to determine structural soundness and 
                        durability of the commemorative work, and to 
                        assure that the commemorative work meets high 
                        professional standards;
                            (3) the person authorized to construct the 
                        commemorative work has submitted contract 
                        documents for construction of the commemorative 
                        work to the Secretary or Administrator (as 
                        appropriate); and
                            (4) the person authorized to construct the 
                        commemorative work has available sufficient 
                        funds to complete construction of the project.
            (b) Donation for perpetual maintenance and preservation.
                In addition to the foregoing criteria, no construction 
            permit shall be issued unless the person authorized to 
            construct the commemorative work has donated an amount equal 
            to 10 per centum of the total estimated cost of construction 
            to offset the costs of perpetual maintenance and 
            preservation of the commemorative work: Provided, That the 
            provisions of this subsection shall not apply in instances 
            when the commemorative work is constructed by a Department 
            or agency of the Federal Government and less than 50 per 
            centum of the funding for such work is provided by private 
            sources.
                            (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of 
                        law, all moneys provided by persons for 
                        maintenance pursuant to this subsection shall be 
                        credited to a separate account in the Treasury.
                            (2) Congress authorizes and directs that the 
                        Secretary of the Treasury shall make all or a 
                        portion of such moneys available to the 
                        Secretary or the Administrator at his request 
                        for maintenance of commemorative works. Under no 
                        circumstances may the Secretary or Administrator 
                        request funds from the separate account 
                        exceeding the total moneys deposited by persons 
                        establishing commemorative works in areas he 
                        administers. The Secretary and the Administrator 
                        shall maintain an inventory of funds available 
                        for such purposes: Provided, That such moneys 
                        shall not be subject to annual appropriations.
            (c) Suspension for misrepresentation of fundraising; annual 
                reports.
                (1) The Secretary or the Administrator (as appropriate) 
            may suspend any activity under the authority of this chapter 
            with respect to the establishment of a commemorative work if 
            the Secretary or Administrator determines the fundraising 
            efforts with respect to the commemorative work have 
            misrepresented an affiliation with the commemorative work or 
            the United States.
                (2) The person shall be required to submit to the 
            Secretary or Administrator an annual report of operations, 
            including financial statements audited by an independent 
            certified public accountant, paid for by the person 
            authorized to construct the commemorative work. (Pub. L. 99-
            652, Sec. 8, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3652; Pub. L. 103-321, 
            Sec. 2, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1794.)
      559.9  Sec. 1009. Temporary site designation.
                (a) If the Secretary, in consultation with the National 
            Capital Memorial Commission, determines that a site where 
            commemorative works may be displayed on a temporary basis is 
            necessary in order to aid in the preservation of the limited 
            amount of open space available to residents of, and visitors 
            to, the Nation's Capital, a site may be designated on lands 
            administered by the Secretary in the District of Columbia. A 
            designation may not be made under the preceding sentence 
            unless, at least one hundred and twenty days before the 
            designation, the Secretary, in consultation with the 
            National Capital Memorial Commission, prepares and submits 
            to the Congress a plan for the site. The plan shall include 
            specifications for the location, construction, and 
            administration of the site, and criteria for displaying 
            commemorative works at the site.
                (b) Any commemorative work displayed at the site shall 
            be installed, maintained, and removed at the sole expense 
            and risk of the person authorized to display the 
            commemorative works. Such person shall agree to indemnify 
            the United States for any liability arising from the display 
            of the commemorative work under this section. (Pub. L. 99-
            652, Sec. 9, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3653; Pub. L. 103-321, 
            Sec. 2(f), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1795.)
     559.10  Sec. 1010. Miscellaneous provisions.
            (a) Documentation of design and construction to Secretary or 
                Administrator.
                Complete documentation of design and construction of 
            each commemorative work located in the District of Columbia 
            and its environs shall be provided to the Secretary or the 
            Administrator (as appropriate) and shall be permanently 
            maintained in the manner provided by law.
            (b) Expiration of legislative authority for commemorative 
                work.
                Any legislative authority for a commemorative work shall 
            expire at the end of the seven-year period beginning on the 
            date of the enactment of such authority unless the Secretary 
            or Administrator (as appropriate) has issued a construction 
            permit for the commemorative work during that period.
            (c) Responsibility for maintenance of completed work.
                Upon completion of any commemorative work within the 
            District of Columbia and its environs, the Secretary or 
            Administrator (as appropriate) shall assume responsibility 
            for the maintenance of such work.
            (d) Development of regulations or standards.
                The Secretary and the Administrator shall develop 
            appropriate regulations or standards to carry out this 
            chapter.
            (e) Commemorative works to which applicable.
                This Act shall not apply to commemorative works 
            authorized by a law enacted before the commencement of the 
            Ninety-ninth Congress. (Pub. L. 99-652, Sec. 10, Nov. 14, 
            1986, 100 Stat. 3654; Pub. L. 102-216, Dec. 11, 1991, 105 
            Stat. 1666; Pub. L. 103-321, Sec. 2(g), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 
            Stat. 1795.)
            
                 Chapter 23.--JUDICIARY OFFICE BUILDING DEVELOPMENT

     559.11  Sec. 1201. Findings and purposes.
            (a) Findings.
                The Congress makes the following findings and 
            declarations:
                            (1) Space for consolidation of activities of 
                        the Administrative Office of the United States 
                        Courts and other offices of the judicial branch 
                        of Government and for providing office space for 
                        retired justices of the Supreme Court is 
                        necessary and should be located in the vicinity 
                        of the Supreme Court building.
                            (2) Orderly development of the Capitol 
                        Grounds should be consistent with the Master 
                        Plan for the United States Capitol, dated 1981.
                            (3) The cost of leasing space by the 
                        judicial branch of the Government is high.
                            (4) Development of squares 721 and 722 in 
                        the District of Columbia is necessary to achieve 
                        the objectives of the Union Station 
                        Redevelopment Act [40 U.S.C.A. Sec. 811 et seq.] 
                        and the revitalization of the Union Station 
                        area.
                            (5) The Judicial Conference of the United 
                        States endorsed by resolution the construction 
                        of an office building on the Capitol Grounds to 
                        house the Administrative Office of the United 
                        States Courts and related judicial branch 
                        offices.
            (b) Purposes.
                The purposes of this chapter are as follows:
                            (1) To implement the report submitted to 
                        Congress by the Architect and the Secretary of 
                        Transportation under the Act of December 28, 
                        1985 (99 Stat. 1749-1750), relating to the needs 
                        of the Federal judiciary for additional Federal 
                        office space.
                            (2) To authorize the Architect to acquire by 
                        lease space primarily for use by the judicial 
                        branch of the Government by entering into 
                        contracts for the design and construction of a 
                        building adjacent to Union Station.
                            (3) To ensure that the design and 
                        construction of such building will insofar as 
                        practicable result in a building which is 
                        efficient and economical and which provides 
                        visual testimony to the dignity, enterprise, 
                        vigor, and stability of the Federal Government. 
                        (Pub. L. 100-480, Sec. 2, Oct. 7, 1988, 102 Stat 
                        2328.)
     559.12  Sec. 1202. Construction of building.
            (a) Selection process.
                    (1) General rule.
                            The Architect, under the direction of the 
                        Commission and in accordance with such policies 
                        and procedures as the Architect shall establish, 
                        shall select in accordance with provision of 
                        this subsection a person to develop squares 721 
                        and 722 (bounded by F Street, 2nd Street, 
                        Massachusetts Avenue, and Columbia Plaza, 
                        Northeast) in the District of Columbia.
                    (2) Revision of proposals.
                            Not later than 90 days after October 7, 
                        1988, each of the 5 persons who submitted a 
                        proposal for development of squares 721 and 722 
                        under the study conducted under the Act of 
                        December 28, 1985 (99 Stat. 1749-1750), which is 
                        one of the 5 proposals under consideration by 
                        the Architect may revise such proposal to take 
                        into account the objectives of this chapter and 
                        resubmit such proposal to the Architect.
                    (3) Selection of revised proposal.
                            Subject to paragraph (4), not later than 120 
                        days after October 7, 1988, the Architect shall 
                        select one of the persons resubmitting a 
                        proposal under paragraph (2) to develop squares 
                        721 and 722 in the District of Columbia.
                    (4) Nonsubmission of revised proposals; protection 
                            of United States interest.
                            If no proposal is resubmitted to the 
                        Architect under paragraph (2) in the 90-day 
                        period or if the Architect determines that none 
                        of the proposals resubmitted under paragraph (2) 
                        is in the best interests of the United States, 
                        the Architect shall conduct a competition for 
                        selection of a person to develop squares 721 and 
                        722 in the District of Columbia. Such 
                        competition shall be conducted in accordance 
                        with such policies and procedures as the 
                        Architect may establish for a development 
                        competition.
                    (5) Purpose of development.
                            The purpose of development of squares 721 
                        and 722 is to provide office space for the 
                        Administrative Office of the United States 
                        Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, the 
                        Judicial Panel of Multidistrict Litigation, and 
                        the United States Sentencing Commission, 
                        chambers for retired justices of the Supreme 
                        Court, and other related offices of the judicial 
                        branch of the United States and other persons 
                        (including governmental entities).
                    (6) Approval of Chief Justice.
                            All final decisions regarding architectural 
                        design of the building to be constructed under 
                        this chapter shall be subject to the approval of 
                        the Chief Justice of the United States.
                    (7) Prohibitions on payments for bids and designs.
                            The Architect may not make any payment to 
                        any person for any bid or design proposal under 
                        any competition conducted under this subsection.
                    (8) Limitations.
                    (A) Size of building.
                            The building (excluding parking facilities) 
                        to be constructed under this chapter may not 
                        exceed 520,000 gross square feet in size above 
                        the level of Columbia Plaza in the District of 
                        Columbia.
                    (B) Height of building.
                            The height of the building and other 
                        improvements shall be compatible with the height 
                        of surrounding Government and historic buildings 
                        and conform to the provisions of the Act of June 
                        1, 1910, commonly known as the Building Height 
                        Act of 1910 (36 Stat. 452).
                    (C) Design.
                            The building and other improvements shall be 
                        designed in harmony with historical and 
                        Government buildings in the vicinity, shall 
                        reflect the symbolic importance and historic 
                        character of the United States Capitol and other 
                        buildings on the United States Capitol grounds, 
                        and shall represent the dignity and stability of 
                        the Federal Government.
            (b) Development agreement.
                    (1) Authority to enter.
                            The Architect may enter into with the person 
                        selected to develop squares 721 and 722 under 
                        subsection (a) of this section an agreement for 
                        the development of such squares. Except as 
                        otherwise provided in this chapter, such 
                        agreement shall provide for development of such 
                        squares substantially in accordance with (A) 
                        alternative D of the report to Congress entitled 
                        ``The Study of Alternatives for the Construction 
                        of an Office Building(s) for the Administrative 
                        Office of the United States Courts'', submitted 
                        to Congress on August 10, 1987, by the Architect 
                        and the Secretary of Transportation, and (B) the 
                        Master Plan for the United States Capitol, dated 
                        1981.
                    (2) Contents.
                            The development agreement under paragraph 
                        (1) shall at a minimum provide for the 
                        following:

                                (A) Except to the extent otherwise 
                            provided by this chapter, all design, 
                            development, and construction costs incurred 
                            with respect to the building to be 
                            constructed under the agreement will be at 
                            no cost to the United States.

                                (B) Title to squares 721 and 722 will 
                            remain in the United States.

                                (C) Title to the building and other 
                            improvements constructed or otherwise made 
                            on or to squares 721 and 722 will 
                            immediately revert to the United States at 
                            the expiration of not more than 30 years 
                            from the effective date of the lease 
                            agreement entered into under section 1203 of 
                            this title without payment of any 
                            compensation by the United States.

                                (D) The building and other improvements 
                            constructed on or to squares 721 and 722 to 
                            be leased to the United States will be in 
                            accordance with the provisions of this 
                            chapter and the lease agreement will contain 
                            such terms and conditions as may be 
                            prescribed by the Architect to carry out the 
                            objectives of this chapter.

                    The agreement shall include a copy of the lease 
                    agreement entered into under section 1203 of this 
                    title by the Architect and the person selected to 
                    develop squares 721 and 722.
            (c) Chilled water and steam from the Capitol Power Plant.
                    (1) Authority for hookup to Capitol Power Plant.
                            The building to be constructed under this 
                        chapter may be connected to the Capitol Power 
                        Plant through construction of extensions to the 
                        chilled water and steam lines which serve Union 
                        Station. If such building is to be connected to 
                        the Capitol Power Plant, the agreement under 
                        subsection (b) of this section between the 
                        Architect and the person selected to construct 
                        such building shall provide that such person 
                        will bear all costs associated with the 
                        installation of chilled water and steam lines to 
                        the building and shall reimburse the Union 
                        Station Redevelopment Corporation for an 
                        equitable share of the costs incurred by the 
                        Union Station Redevelopment Corporation in the 
                        construction of extensions of the chilled water 
                        and steam lines from such Plant to Union 
                        Station.
                    (2) Furnishing of chilled water and steam from 
                            Capitol Power Plant.
                            If the building to be constructed under this 
                        chapter is connected with the Capitol Power 
                        Plant pursuant to paragraph (1), the Architect 
                        shall furnish, on a reimbursable basis, chilled 
                        water and steam from such Plant to such 
                        building.
            (d) Construction standards and inspections.
                The building and other improvements constructed under 
            this chapter shall meet all standards applicable to 
            construction of a Federal building. During construction, the 
            Architect shall conduct periodic inspections of such 
            building for the purpose of assuring that such standards are 
            being met. Such building shall not be subject to any law of 
            the District of Columbia relating to building codes, 
            permits, or inspection (including any such law enacted by 
            Congress).
            (e) Applicability of certain laws.
                The building and other improvements constructed under 
            this chapter shall not be subject to any law of the District 
            of Columbia relating to real estate and personal property 
            taxes, special assessments, or other taxes (including any 
            such law enacted by Congress). (Pub. L. 100-480, Sec. 3, 
            Oct. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 2329.)
     559.13  Sec. 1203. Lease of building by the Architect of the 
                Capitol.
            (a) Entry into lease agreement.
                Before the development agreement is entered into under 
            section 1202 of this title, the Architect shall enter into 
            with the person selected to construct the building under 
            this chapter an agreement for the lease of such building by 
            the Architect to carry out the objectives of this chapter.
            (b) Terms of lease agreement.
                The agreement entered into under this section shall 
            include at a minimum the following terms:
                            (1) The Architect will lease the building 
                        and other improvements for a term not to exceed 
                        30 years from the effective date of such lease 
                        agreement.
                            (2) The rental rate per square foot of 
                        occupiable space for all space in the building 
                        and other improvements will be in the best 
                        interest of the United States and carry out the 
                        objectives of this chapter, but in no case may 
                        the aggregate rental rate for all space in the 
                        building and other improvements produce an 
                        amount less than the amount necessary to 
                        amortize the cost of development of squares 721 
                        and 722 over the term of the lease.
                            (3) Authority for the Architect to make 
                        space available and to sublease space in the 
                        building and other improvements in accordance 
                        with section 1205 of this title.
            (c) Accounting system.
                The Architect shall maintain an accounting system for 
            operation and maintenance of the building and other 
            improvements to be constructed under this chapter which will 
            permit accurate projections of the dates and the costs of 
            major repairs, improvements, reconstructions, and 
            replacements of such building and improvements and other 
            capital expenditures on such building and improvements.
            (d) Obligation of funds.
                Obligation of funds for lease payments under this 
            section may only be made on an annual basis and may only be 
            made from the account established by section 1207 of this 
            title. (Pub. L. 100-480, Sec. 4, Oct. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 
            2331.)
     559.14  Sec. 1204. Structural and mechanical care and security.
            (a) Structural and mechanical care.
                Upon occupancy by the United States of the building and 
            other improvements constructed under this chapter, the 
            structural and mechanical care and maintenance of such 
            building and improvements (including the care and 
            maintenance of the grounds of such building) shall be the 
            responsibility of the Architect, under the direction of the 
            Commission, in the same manner and to the same extent as the 
            structural and mechanical care and maintenance of the United 
            States Supreme Court Building under section 13a of this 
            title, and all other duties and work required for the 
            operation and domestic care of such building and 
            improvements shall be performed by the Architect, under the 
            direction of the Commission.
            (b) Security.
                    (1) General rule.
                            The United States Capitol Police shall be 
                        responsible for all exterior security of the 
                        building and other improvements constructed 
                        under this chapter.
                    (2) Authority of Supreme Court Marshal.
                            Nothing in this chapter shall be construed 
                        to interfere with the obligation of the Marshal 
                        of the Supreme Court of the United States to 
                        protect justices, officers, employees, or other 
                        personnel of the Supreme Court who may occupy 
                        the building and other improvements.
                    (3) Reimbursement.
                            The Architect shall transfer from the 
                        account established by section 1207 of this 
                        title such amounts as may be necessary to 
                        reimburse the United States Capitol Police for 
                        expenses incurred in providing exterior security 
                        under this subsection. The United States Capitol 
                        Police may accept amounts transferred by the 
                        Architect under this paragraph, and such amounts 
                        shall be credited to the appropriation account 
                        charged by the United States Capitol Police in 
                        executing the performance of security duties.
            (c) Authority of Capitol Police.
                The United States Capitol Police are authorized to 
            police the building and other improvements constructed 
            pursuant to this chapter, including the interior and 
            exterior thereof, and to make arrests within the interior 
            and exterior of such building and other improvements for any 
            violation of any law of the United States, of the District 
            of Columbia, or of any State, or any regulation promulgated 
            pursuant thereto. (Pub. L. 100-480, Sec. 5, Oct. 7, 1988, 
            102 Stat. 2331; Pub. L. 102-392, Title III, Sec. 311(a), 
            Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1723.)
     559.15  Sec. 1205. Allocation of space.
            (a) Governmental entities.
                    (1) Judicial branch.
                            Subject to the provisions of this section, 
                        the Architect shall make available, on a 
                        reimbursable basis, all space in the building 
                        and other improvements constructed under this 
                        chapter to the judicial branch of the United 
                        States substantially in accordance with the 
                        report referred to in section 1202(b)(1) of this 
                        title.
                    (2) Other.
                            Any space in the building and other 
                        improvements constructed under this chapter 
                        which the Chief Justice determines is not needed 
                        by the judicial branch of the United States may 
                        be made available by the Architect, on a 
                        reimbursable basis, to Federal governmental 
                        entities which are not part of the judicial 
                        branch and which are not staff of Members of 
                        Congress or Congressional Committees.
                    (3) Terms and conditions.
                            Space made available under this subsection 
                        shall be subject to such terms and conditions as 
                        are necessary to carry out the objectives of 
                        this chapter.
                    (4) Reimbursement rate.
                            All space made available by the Architect 
                        under this subsection shall be subject to 
                        reimbursement at the rate established under 
                        section 1203(b)(2) of this title plus such 
                        amount as the Architect and--

                                (A) in the case of the judicial branch, 
                            the Director of the Administrative Office of 
                            the United States Courts, or

                                (B) in the case of any governmental 
                            entity not a part of the judicial branch, 
                            such entity,

                    determine is necessary to pay on an annual basis for 
                    the cost of administering the building and other 
                    improvements (including costs of operation, 
                    maintenance, rehabilitation, security, and 
                    structural, mechanical, and domestic care) which are 
                    attributable to such space.
                    (5) Meeting judicial branch needs.
                    (A) In general.
                            Whenever the Chief Justice notifies the 
                        Architect that the judicial branch of the United 
                        States requires additional space in the building 
                        and other improvements constructed under this 
                        chapter, the Architect shall accommodate those 
                        requirements (i) in the case of space made 
                        available to the Administrator of General 
                        Services, by a date agreed upon under 
                        subparagraph (B), or (ii) in the case of space 
                        made available to any person or governmental 
                        entity (other than the General Services 
                        Administration), within 90 days after the date 
                        of such notification.
                    (B) Space available to GSA.
                            In any case in which such additional space 
                        is provided from space in the building made 
                        available to the Administrator of General 
                        Services, the space shall be vacated 
                        expeditiously by not later than a date mutually 
                        agreed upon by the Chief Justice and the 
                        Administrator of General Services.
                    (C) Unoccupied space
                            Whenever any space in the building is 
                        unoccupied, the Chief Justice shall have a right 
                        of first refusal to use such space to meet the 
                        needs of the judicial branch in accordance with 
                        this subsection.
                    (6) Assignment of space within the judicial branch.
                            The Director of the Administrative Office of 
                        the United States Courts may assign and reassign 
                        space made available to the judicial branch of 
                        the United States under this subsection among 
                        offices of the judicial branch as the Director 
                        deems appropriate.
                    (7) Lease authority.
                            The Architect of the Capitol is authorized 
                        to lease and occupy not more than 75,000 square 
                        feet of space in the Thurgood Marshall Federal 
                        Judiciary Building. Payments under any such 
                        lease shall be made upon vouchers approved by 
                        the Architect of the Capitol. There are 
                        authorized to be appropriated--

                                (A) to the Architect of the Capitol such 
                            sums as may be necessary to carry out this 
                            paragraph, including sums for the 
                            acquisition and installation of furniture 
                            and furnishings for space leased under this 
                            paragraph; and

                                (B) to the Sergeant at Arms of the 
                            Senate such sums as may be necessary for the 
                            planning, acquisition, and installation of 
                            telecommunications equipment and services 
                            for the Architect of the Capitol with 
                            respect to space leased under this 
                            paragraph.

                    (8) Lease approval.
                            Any lease under paragraph (7) shall be 
                        subject to approval by the Committee on 
                        Appropriations of the House of Representatives, 
                        the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, 
                        the House Office Building Commission, and the 
                        Committee on Rules and Administration of the 
                        Senate.
            (b) Nongovernmental tenants.
                    (1) General rule.
                            Any space in the building and other 
                        improvements constructed under this chapter 
                        which the Chief Justice determines is not needed 
                        by the judicial branch of the United States 
                        shall first be offered to other Federal 
                        governmental entities which are not staff of 
                        Members of Congress or Congressional Committees; 
                        and then, if any space remains, it may be 
                        subleased by the Architect, under the direction 
                        of the Commission, to any person.
                    (2) Rental rate.
                            All space subleased by the Architect under 
                        this subsection shall be subject to 
                        reimbursement at a rate which is comparable to 
                        prevailing rental rates for similar facilities 
                        in the area but not less than the rate 
                        established under section 1203(b)(2) of this 
                        title plus such amount as the Architect and the 
                        person subleasing such space agree is necessary 
                        to pay on an annual basis for the cost of 
                        administering the building (including costs of 
                        operation, maintenance, rehabilitation, 
                        security, and structural, mechanical, and 
                        domestic care) which are attributable to such 
                        space.
                    (3) Limitation.
                            Subleases under this subsection must be 
                        compatible with the dignity and functions of the 
                        judicial branch offices housed in the building 
                        and must not unduly interfere with the 
                        activities and operations of the judicial branch 
                        agencies housed in the building. The provisions 
                        of section 193d, and section 193m-1 of this 
                        title shall not apply to any space in the 
                        building and other improvements subleased to a 
                        non-Government tenant under this subsection.
                    (4) Collection of rent.
                            The Architect shall collect rent for space 
                        subleased under this subsection.
            (c) Deposit of rent and reimbursements.
                All funds received under this subsection (including 
            lease payments and reimbursements) shall be deposited into 
            the account established by section 1207 of this title. (Pub. 
            L. 100-480, Sec. 6, Oct. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 2332; Pub. L. 
            102-392, Title III, Sec. 318, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1724; 
            Pub. L. 103-4, Sec. 2, Feb. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 30.)
     559.16  Sec. 1206. Commission for Judiciary Office Building.
            (a) Establishment.
                There is established a Commission to be known as the 
            Commission for the Judiciary Office Building.
            (b) Membership.
                The Commission shall be composed of the following 13 
            members:
                            (1) Two individuals appointed by the Chief 
                        Justice from among justices of the Supreme Court 
                        and other judges of the United States (or their 
                        designees).
                            (2) The members of the House Office Building 
                        Commission (or their designees).
                            (3) The majority leader and minority leader 
                        of the Senate (or their designees).
                            (4) The Chairman and the ranking minority 
                        member of the Senate Committee on Rules and 
                        Administration (or their designees).
                            (5) The Chairman and the ranking minority 
                        member of the Senate Committee on Environment 
                        and Public Works (or their designees).
                            (6) The Chairman and ranking minority member 
                        of the Committee on Public Works and 
                        Transportation of the House of Representatives 
                        (or their designees).
            (c) Duties.
                The Commission shall be responsible for supervision of 
            design, construction, operation, maintenance, structural, 
            mechanical, and domestic care and security of the building 
            to be constructed under this chapter. The Commission shall 
            from time to time prescribe rules and regulations to govern 
            the actions of the Architect under this chapter and to 
            govern the use and occupancy of all space in such building.
            (d) Quorum.
                Seven members of the Commission shall constitute a 
            quorum. (Pub. L. 100-480, Sec. 7, Oct. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 
            2334.)
     559.17  Sec. 1207. Funding.
            (a) Separate account.
                There is established in the Treasury of the United 
            States a separate account. Such account shall include all 
            amounts deposited therein under section 1205(c) of this 
            title and such amounts as may be appropriated thereto but 
            not to exceed $2,000,000. Amounts in the account shall be 
            available to the Architect for paying expenses for 
            structural, mechanical, and domestic care, maintenance, 
            operation, and utilities of the building and other 
            improvements constructed under this chapter, for reimbursing 
            the United States Capitol Police for expenses incurred in 
            providing exterior security for the building and other 
            improvements, for making lease payments under section 1203 
            of this title and for necessary personnel (including 
            consultants).
            (b) Unexpended balances of funds.
                The unexpended balance of funds appropriated by the 
            Urgent Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1986 under the 
            heading ``Study of Construction of Office Building'' (100 
            Stat. 717) are transferred to the Architect on October 7, 
            1988. Such unexpended balance shall be available for design 
            review, construction inspection, contract administration, 
            and such other project related costs under this chapter as 
            the Architect may deem appropriate. (Pub. L. 100-480, 
            Sec. 9, Oct. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 2334; Pub. L. 102-392, Title 
            III, Sec. 311(b), Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1723.)
     559.18  Sec. 1208. Definitions.
                As used in this chapter--
            (1) Architect.
                            The term ``Architect'' means the Architect 
                        of the Capitol.
            (2) Chief Justice.
                            The term ``Chief Justice'' means the Chief 
                        Justice of the United States or his designee; 
                        except that in any case in which there is a 
                        vacancy of the office of the Chief Justice of 
                        the United States, the most senior associate 
                        justice of the Supreme Court shall be treated as 
                        the Chief Justice of the United States for 
                        purposes of this chapter until such time as such 
                        vacancy is filled.
            (3) Commission.
                            The term ``Commission'' means the Commission 
                        for the Judiciary Office Building established by 
                        section 1206 of this title. (Pub. L. 100-480, 
                        Sec. 10, Oct. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 2335.)
                             41 u.s.c.--public contracts

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                             TITLE 41.--PUBLIC CONTRACTS

            
                           Chapter 1.--GENERAL PROVISIONS

        560  Sec. 6a-1. Architect of the Capitol, exception from 
                advertisement requirement.
                On and after July 27, 1965, the purchase of supplies and 
            equipment and the procurement of services for all branches 
            under the Architect of the Capitol may be made in the open 
            market without compliance with section 5 of this title in 
            the manner common among businessmen, when the aggregate 
            amount of the purchase or the service does not exceed 
            $25,000 in any instance. (As amended Pub. L. 93-356, Sec. 2, 
            July 25, 1974, 88 Stat. 390, Pub. L. 98-191 Sec. 9(c), Dec. 
            1, 1983, 98 Stat. 1332.)
      560.1  Sec. 6a-2. Architect of the Capitol, authority for personal 
                services contracts with legal entities.
                Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
            Architect of the Capitol is authorized to contract for 
            personal services with any firm, partnership, corporation, 
            association, or other legal entity in the same manner as he 
            is authorized to contract for personal services with 
            individuals under the provisions of section 5 of this title. 
            (Pub. L. 96-558, Dec. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 3263.)
        561  Sec. 22. Interest of Member of Congress.
                No member of Congress shall be admitted to any share or 
            part of any contract or agreement made, entered into, or 
            accepted by or on behalf of the United States, or to any 
            benefit to arise thereupon. (R.S. Sec. 3741; Feb. 27, 1877, 
            ch. 69, Sec. 1, 19 Stat. 249; Jan. 25, 1934, ch. 5, 48 Stat. 
            337; June 27, 1934, ch. 847, Title V, Sec. 510, 48 Stat. 
            1264; Aug. 26, 1937, ch. 821, 50 Stat. 838; Oct. 13, 1994, 
            Pub. L. 103-355, Sec. 6004, 108 Stat. 3364.)
            Note
                Section 903 of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 
            1983, provided the following:
                Sec. 903. (a) Notwithstanding any provision to the 
            contrary in any contract which is entered into by any person 
            and either the Administrator of General Services or a 
            contracting officer of any executive agency and under which 
            such person agrees to sell or lease to the Federal 
            Government (or any one or more entities thereof) any unit of 
            property, supplies, or services at a specified price or 
            under specified terms and conditions (or both), such person 
            may sell or lease to the Congress the same type of such 
            property, supplies, or services at a unit price or under 
            terms and conditions (or both) which are different from 
            those specified in such contract; and any such sale or lease 
            of any unit or units of such property, supplies, or services 
            to the Congress shall not be taken into account for the 
            purpose of determining the price at which, or the terms and 
            conditions under which, such person is obligated under such 
            contract to sell or lease any unit of such property, 
            supplies, or services to any entity of the Federal 
            Government other than the Congress. For purposes of the 
            preceding sentence, any sale or lease of property, supplies, 
            or services to the Senate (or any office or instrumentality 
            thereof), or to the House of Representatives (or any office 
            or instrumentality thereof) shall be deemed to be a sale or 
            lease of such property, supplies, or services to the 
            Congress.
                (b) The provisions of this section shall take effect 
            with respect to sales or leases of property, supplies, or 
            services to the Congress after July 29, 1983.
                        42 u.s.c.--the public health welfare

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                      TITLE 42.--THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE

            
                Chapter 126.--EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH 
                                    DISABILITIES

                                    * * * * * * *

        565  Sec. 12209. Instrumentalities of the Congress.
                The General Accounting Office, the Government Printing 
            Office, and the Library of Congress shall be covered as 
            follows:
                    (1) In general.
                The rights and protections under this chapter shall, 
            subject to paragraph (2), apply with respect to the conduct 
            of each instrumentality of the Congress.
                    (2) Establishment of remedies and procedures by 
                            instrumentalities.
                The chief official of each instrumentality of the 
            Congress shall establish remedies and procedures to be 
            utilized with respect to the rights and protections provided 
            pursuant to paragraph (1).
                    (3) Report to Congress.
                The chief official of each instrumentality of the 
            Congress shall, after establishing remedies and procedures 
            for purposes of paragraph (2), submit to the Congress a 
            report describing the remedies and procedures.
                    (4) Definition of instrumentalities.
                For purposes of this section, the term ``instrumentality 
            of the Congress'' means the following: the General 
            Accounting Office, the Government Printing Office, and the 
            Library of Congress.
                    (5) Enforcement of employment rights.
                The remedies and procedures set forth in section 717 of 
            the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-16) shall be 
            available to any employee of an instrumentality of the 
            Congress who alleges a violation of the rights and 
            protections under sections 102 through 104 of this Act that 
            are made applicable by this section, except that the 
            authorities of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 
            shall be exercised by the chief official of the 
            instrumentality of the Congress.
                    (6) Enforcement of rights to public services and 
                            accommodations.
                The remedies and procedures set forth in section 717 of 
            the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-16) shall be 
            available to any qualified person with a disability who is a 
            visitor, guest, or patron of an instrumentality of Congress 
            and who alleges a violation of the rights and protections 
            under sections 201 through 230 or section 302 or 303 of this 
            Act that are made applicable by this section, except that 
            the authorities of the Equal Employment Opportunity 
            Commission shall be exercised by the chief official of the 
            instrumentality of the Congress.
                    (7) Construction.
                Nothing in this section shall alter the enforcement 
            procedures for individuals with disabilities provided in the 
            General Accounting Office Personnel Act of 1980 [31 U.S.C.A. 
            Sec. 731 et seq.] and regulations promulgated pursuant to 
            that Act. (Pub. L. 101-336, Title V, Sec. 509, July 26, 
            1990, 104 Stat. 373; Pub. L. 102-166, Title III, Sec. 315, 
            Nov. 21, 1991, 105 Stat. 1095; Pub. L. 104-1, Sec. 201, Jan. 
            23, 1995, 109 Stat. 8, 16.)
                      44 u.s.c.--public printing and documents

                  general and permanent laws relating to the senate

                      TITLE 44.--PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS

            
                       Chapter 1.--JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING

        600  Sec. 101. Joint Committee on Printing: membership.
                The Joint Committee on Printing shall consist of the 
            chairman and four members of the Committee on Rules and 
            Administration of the Senate and the chairman and four 
            members of the Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
            Representatives. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 
            1238; Feb. 17, 1981, Pub. L. 97-4, 95 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 104-
            186, Title II, Sec. 223(1), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1751.)
        601  Sec. 102. Joint Committee on Printing: succession; powers 
                during recess.
                The members of the Joint Committee on Printing who are 
            reelected to the succeeding Congress shall continue as 
            members of the committee until their successors are chosen. 
            The President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of 
            Representatives shall, on the last day of a Congress, 
            appoint members of their respective Houses who have been 
            elected to the succeeding Congress to fill vacancies which 
            may then be about to occur on the Committee, and the 
            appointees and members of the Committee who have been 
            reelected shall continue until their successors are chosen.
                When Congress is not in session, the Joint Committee may 
            exercise all its powers and duties as when Congress is in 
            session. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1238.)
        602  Sec. 103. Joint Committee on Printing: remedial powers.
                The Joint Committee on Printing may use any measures it 
            considers necessary to remedy neglect, delay, duplication, 
            or waste in the public printing and binding and the 
            distribution of Government publications. (Oct. 2, 1968, Pub. 
            L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1239.)

            
                       Chapter 3.--GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

        603  Sec. 301. Public Printer: appointment.
                The President of the United States shall nominate and, 
            by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a 
            suitable person, who must be a practical printer and versed 
            in the art of bookbinding, to take charge of and manage the 
            Government Printing Office. His title shall be Public 
            Printer. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1239; June 
            6, 1972, Pub. L. 92-310, Sec. 210(a) (1), (2), 86 Stat. 
            204.)
        604  Sec. 302. Deputy Public Printer: appointment; duties.
                The Public Printer shall appoint a suitable person, who 
            must be a practical printer and versed in the art of 
            bookbinding, to be the Deputy Public Printer. He shall 
            perform the duties formerly required of the chief clerk, 
            supervise the buildings occupied by the Government Printing 
            Office, and perform any other duties required of him by the 
            Public Printer. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 
            1239.)
        605  Sec. 303. Public Printer and Deputy Public Printer: pay.
                The annual rate of pay for the Public Printer shall be a 
            rate which is equal to the rate for level III of the 
            Executive Schedule of subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 
            5. The annual rate of pay for the Deputy Public Printer 
            shall be a rate which is equal to the rate for level IV of 
            such Executive Schedule. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 
            Stat. 1239; Aug. 9, 1975, Pub. L. 94-82, Sec. 204(c)(1), 89 
            Stat. 421; Pub. L. 101-520, Title II, 5209, Nov. 5, 1990, 
            104 Stat. 2274.)
        606  Sec. 304. Public Printer: vacancy in office.
                In case of the death, resignation, absence, or sickness 
            of the Public Printer, the Deputy Public Printer shall 
            perform the duties of the Public Printer until a successor 
            is appointed or his absence or sickness ceases; but the 
            President may direct any other officer of the Government, 
            whose appointment is vested in the President by and with the 
            advice and consent of the Senate, to perform the duties of 
            the vacant office until a successor is appointed, or the 
            sickness or absence of the Public Printer ceases. A vacancy 
            occasioned by death or resignation may not be filled 
            temporarily under this section for longer than ten days, and 
            a temporary appointment, designation, or assignment of 
            another officer may not be made except to fill a vacancy 
            happening during a recess of the Senate. (Oct. 22, 1968, 
            Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1239.)
        607  Sec. 305. Public Printer: employees; pay.
                (a) The Public Printer may employ journeymen, 
            apprentices, laborers, and other persons necessary for the 
            work of the Government Printing Office at rates of wages and 
            salaries, including compensation for night and overtime 
            work, he considers for the interest of the Government and 
            just to the persons employed, except as otherwise provided 
            by this section. He may not employ more persons than the 
            necessities of the public work require nor more than four 
            hundred apprentices at one time. The minimum pay of 
            journeymen printers, pressmen, and bookbinders employed in 
            the Government Printing Office shall be at the rate of 90 
            cents an hour for the time actually employed. Except as 
            provided by the preceding part of this section the rate of 
            wages, including compensation for night and overtime work, 
            for more than ten employees of the same occupation shall be 
            determined by a conference between the Public Printer and a 
            committee selected by the trades affected, and the rates and 
            compensation so agreed upon shall become effective upon 
            approval by the Joint Committee on Printing. When the Public 
            Printer and the committee representing a trade fail to agree 
            as to wages, salaries, and compensation, either party may 
            appeal to the Joint Committee on Printing, and the decision 
            of the Joint Committee is final. The wages, salaries, and 
            compensation so determined are not subject to change oftener 
            than once a year.
                (b) The Public Printer may grant an employee paid on an 
            annual basis compensatory time off from duty instead of 
            overtime pay for overtime work. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-
            620, 82 Stat. 1240; Dec. 26, 1969, Pub. L. 91-167, 83 Stat. 
            453; July 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91-369, 84 Stat. 693.)
            
               Chapter 5.--PRODUCTION AND PROCUREMENT OF PRINTING AND 
                                      BINDING

        608  Sec. 501. Government printing, binding, and blank-book work 
                to be done at Government Printing Office.
                All printing, binding, and blank-book work for Congress, 
            the Executive Office, the Judiciary, other than the Supreme 
            Court of the United States, and every executive department, 
            independent office and establishment of the Government, 
            shall be done at the Government Printing Office, except--
                            (1) classes of work the Joint Committee on 
                        Printing considers to be urgent or necessary to 
                        have done elsewhere; and
                            (2) printing in field printing plants 
                        operated by an executive department, independent 
                        office or establishment, and the procurement of 
                        printing by an executive department, independent 
                        office or establishment from allotments for 
                        contract field printing, if approved by the 
                        Joint Committee on Printing.
                Printing or binding may be done at the Government 
            Printing Office only when authorized by law. (Oct. 22, 1968, 
            Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1243.) (Note: See Immigration and 
            Naturalization Service v. Chadha (1983; 462 U.S. 919; 103 
            S.Ct. 2764) relating to similar legislative veto provisions 
            found unconstitutional.)
        609  Sec. 502. Procurement of printing, binding, and blank-book 
                work by Public Printer.
                Printing, binding, and blank-book work authorized by 
            law, which the Public Printer is not able or equipped to do 
            at the Government Printing Office, may be produced elsewhere 
            under contracts made by him with the approval of the Joint 
            Committee on Printing. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 
            Stat. 1243.) (Note: See Immigration and Naturalization 
            Service v. Chadha (1983; 462 U.S. 919; 103 S.Ct. 2764) 
            relating to similar legislative veto provisions found 
            unconstitutional.)
        610  Sec. 506. Time for printing documents or reports which 
                include illustrations or maps.
                A document or report to be illustrated or accompanied by 
            maps may not be printed by the Public Printer until the 
            illustrations or maps designed for it are ready for 
            publication. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1244.)
        611  Sec. 507. Orders for printing to be acted upon within one 
                year.
                An order for public printing may not be acted upon by 
            the Public Printer after the expiration of one year unless 
            the entire copy and illustrations for the work have been 
            furnished within that period. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-
            620, 82 Stat. 1244.)
        612  Sec. 508. Annual estimates of quantity of paper required for 
                public printing and binding.
                At the beginning of each session of Congress, the Public 
            Printer shall submit to the Joint Committee on Printing 
            estimates of the quantity of paper of all descriptions 
            required for the public printing and binding during the 
            ensuing year. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 
            1244.)
            
                   Chapter 7.--CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING

        613  Sec. 701. ``Usual number'' of documents and reports; 
                distribution of House and Senate documents and reports; 
                binding; reports on private bills; number of copies 
                printed; distribution.\1\
                (a) The order by either House of Congress to print a 
            document or report shall signify the ``usual number'' of 
            copies for binding and distribution among those entitled to 
            receive them. A greater number may not be printed unless 
            ordered by either House, or as provided by this section. 
            When a special number of a document or report is ordered 
            printed, the usual number shall also be printed, unless 
            already ordered.
                \1\The number of copies to be printed or the 
                distribution thereof as specified in sections 701, 706, 
                713, 721, 723, 726, 906, 1339, and 1718 of title 44, 
                United States Code, have been changed by the Joint 
                Committee on Printing under authority of section 103 of 
                title 44 (Senate Manual section 602), or as a result of 
                sequestrations of funds mandated by Pub. L. 99-177, the 
                Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
                1985. For current regulations, consult the Joint 
                Committee on Printing.
                (b) The ``usual number'' of documents and reports shall 
            be one thousand six hundred and eighty-two copies, which 
            shall be printed at one time and distributed as follows:
                Of the House documents and reports, unbound--to the 
            Senate document room, one hundred and fifty copies; to the 
            office of the Secretary of the Senate, ten copies; to the 
            House document room, not to exceed five hundred copies; to 
            the office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives, 
            twenty copies; to the Library of Congress, ten copies, as 
            provided by section 1718 of this title.
                Of the Senate documents and reports, unbound--to the 
            Senate document room, two hundred and twenty copies; office 
            of the Secretary of the Senate, ten copies; to the House 
            document room, not to exceed five hundred copies; to the 
            Clerk's office of the House of Representatives, ten copies; 
            to the Library of Congress, ten copies, as provided by 
            section 1718 of this title.
                (c) Of the number printed, the Public Printer shall bind 
            a sufficient number of copies for distribution as follows:
                Of the House documents and reports, bound--to the Senate 
            library, fifteen copies; to the Library of Congress, not to 
            exceed one hundred and fifty copies, as provided by section 
            1718 of this title; to the House of Representatives library, 
            fifteen copies; to the Superintendent of Documents, as many 
            copies as are required for distribution to the State 
            libraries and designated depositories.
                Of the Senate documents and reports, bound--to the 
            Senate library, fifteen copies; to the Library of Congress, 
            copies as provided by sections 1718 and 1719 of this title; 
            to the House of Representatives library, fifteen copies; to 
            the Superintendent of Documents, as many copies as may be 
            required for distribution to State libraries and designated 
            depositories. In binding documents the Public Printer shall 
            give precedence to those that are to be distributed to 
            libraries and to designated depositories. But a State 
            library or designated depository entitled to documents that 
            may prefer to have its documents in unbound form, may do so 
            by notifying the Superintendent of Documents to that effect 
            prior to the convening of each Congress.
                (d) The usual number of reports on private bills, 
            concurrent or simple resolutions, may not be printed. 
            Instead there shall be printed of each Senate report on a 
            private bill, simple or concurrent resolution, in addition 
            to those required to be furnished the Library of Congress, 
            three hundred and forty-five copies, which shall be 
            distributed as follows: to the Senate document room, two 
            hundred and twenty copies; to the Secretary of the Senate, 
            fifteen copies; to the House document room, one hundred 
            copies; to the Superintendent of Documents, ten copies; and 
            of each House report on a private bill, simple or concurrent 
            resolution, in addition to those for the Library of 
            Congress, two hundred and sixty copies, which shall be 
            distributed as follows: to the Senate document room, one 
            hundred and thirty-five copies; to the Secretary of the 
            Senate, fifteen copies; to the House document room, one 
            hundred copies; to the Superintendent of Documents, ten 
            copies.
                This section does not prevent the binding of all Senate 
            and House reports in the reserve volumes bound for and 
            delivered to the Senate and House libraries, nor abridge the 
            right of the Vice President, Senators, Representatives, 
            Resident Commissioner, Secretary of the Senate, and Clerk of 
            the House to have bound in half morocco, or material not 
            more expensive, one copy of every public document to which 
            he may be entitled. At least twelve copies of each report on 
            bills for the payment or adjudication of claims against the 
            Government shall be kept on file in the Senate document 
            room. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1246.)
            Cross Reference
                Distribution of Government publications to Library of 
            Congress, see section 1718 of this title (Senate Manual 
            section 667).
        614  Sec. 702. Extra copies of documents and reports.
                Copies in addition to the ``usual number'' of documents 
            and reports shall be printed promptly when ready for 
            publication, and may be bound in paper or cloth as the Joint 
            Committee on Printing directs. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-
            620, 82 Stat. 1247.)
        615  Sec. 703. Printing extra copies.
                Orders for printing copies in addition to the ``usual 
            number'', otherwise than provided for by this section, shall 
            be by simple, concurrent, or joint resolution. Either House 
            may print extra copies to the amount of $1,200 by simple 
            resolution; if the cost exceeds that sum, the printing shall 
            be ordered by concurrent resolution, unless the resolution 
            is self-appropriating, when it shall be by joint resolution. 
            Resolutions, when presented to either House, shall be 
            referred to the Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
            Representatives or the Committee on Rules and Administration 
            of the Senate, who, in making their report, shall give the 
            probable cost of the proposed printing upon the estimate of 
            the Public Printer; and extra copies may not be printed 
            before the committee has reported. The printing of 
            additional copies may be performed upon orders of the Joint 
            Committee on Printing within a limit of $700 in cost in any 
            one instance. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1247; 
            Pub. L. 104-186; Title II, Sec. 223(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 
            Stat. 1751.)
        616  Sec. 704. Reprinting bills, laws, and reports from 
                committees not exceeding fifty pages.
                When the supply is exhausted, the Secretary of the 
            Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives may 
            order the reprinting of not more than one thousand copies of 
            a pending bill, resolution, or public law, not exceeding 
            fifty pages, or a report from a committee or congressional 
            commission on pending legislation not accompanied by 
            testimony or exhibits or other appendices and not exceeding 
            fifty pages. The Public Printer shall require each 
            requisition for reprinting to cite the specific authority of 
            law for its execution. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 
            Stat. 1248.)
        617  Sec. 705. Duplicate orders to print.
                The Public Printer shall examine the orders of the 
            Senate and House of Representatives for printing, and in 
            case of duplication shall print under the first order 
            received. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1248.)
        618  Sec. 706. Bills and resolutions: number and distribution.\1\
                There shall be printed of each Senate and House public 
            bill and joint resolution six hundred and twenty-five 
            copies, which shall be distributed as follows:
                \1\See footnote to Senate Manual section 613.
                            to the Senate document room, two hundred and 
                        twenty-five copies;
                            to the office of Secretary of Senate, 
                        fifteen copies;
                            to the House document room, three hundred 
                        and eighty-five copies.
                There shall be printed of each Senate private bill, when 
            introduced, when reported, and when passed, three hundred 
            copies, which shall be distributed as follows:
                            to the Senate document room, one hundred and 
                        seventy copies;
                            to the Secretary of the Senate, fifteen 
                        copies;
                            to the House document room, one hundred 
                        copies;
                            to the Superintendent of Documents, ten 
                        copies.
                There shall be printed of each House private bill, when 
            introduced, when reported, and when passed, two hundred and 
            sixty copies, which shall be distributed as follows:
                            to the Senate document room, one hundred and 
                        thirty-five copies;
                            to the Secretary of the Senate, fifteen 
                        copies;
                            to the House document room, one hundred 
                        copies;
                            to the Superintendent of Documents, ten 
                        copies.
                Bills and resolutions shall be printed in bill form, 
            and, unless specially ordered by either House shall be 
            printed only when referred to a committee, when favorably 
            reported back, and after their passage by either House.
                Of concurrent and simple resolutions, when reported, and 
            after their passage by either House, only two hundred and 
            sixty copies shall be printed, except by special order, and 
            shall be distributed as follows:
                            to the Senate document room, one hundred and 
                        thirty-five copies;
                            to the Secretary of the Senate, fifteen 
                        copies;
                            to the House document room, one hundred 
                        copies;
                            to the Superintendent of Documents, ten 
                        copies. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 
                        1248.)
        619  Sec. 707. Bills and resolutions: style and form.
                Subject to sections 205 and 206 of Title 1, the Joint 
            Committee on Printing may authorize the printing of a bill 
            or resolution, with index and ancillaries, in the style and 
            form the Joint Committee on Printing considers most suitable 
            in the interest of economy and efficiency, and to so 
            continue until final enactment in both Houses of Congress. 
            The committee may also curtail the number of copies of bills 
            or resolutions, including the slip form of a public Act or 
            public resolution. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 
            1248.)
        620  Sec. 708. Bills and resolutions: binding sets for Congress.
                The Public Printer shall bind four sets of Senate and 
            House of Representatives bills, joint and concurrent 
            resolutions of each Congress, two for the Senate and two for 
            the House, to be furnished him from the files of the Senate 
            and House document room, the volumes when bound to be kept 
            there for reference. (Oct 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 
            1249.)
        621  Sec. 709. Public and private laws, postal conventions, and 
                treaties.
                The Public Printer shall print in slip form copies of 
            public and private laws, postal conventions, and treaties, 
            to be charged to the congressional allotment for printing 
            and binding. The Joint Committee on Printing shall control 
            the number and distribution of copies. (Oct 22, 1968, Pub. 
            L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1249.)
        622  Sec. 711. Printing Acts, joint resolutions, and treaties.
                The Public Printer, on receiving from the Archivist of 
            the United States a copy of an Act or joint resolution, or 
            from the Secretary of State, a copy of a treaty, shall print 
            an accurate copy and transmit it in duplicate to the 
            Archivist of the United States or to the Secretary of State, 
            as the case may be, for revision. On the return of one of 
            the revised duplicates, he shall make the marked corrections 
            and print the number specified by section 709 of this title. 
            (As amended Pub. L. 98-497, Title I, Sec. 107(b)(1), Oct. 
            19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2286.)
        623  Sec. 713. Journals of Houses of Congress.\1\
                There shall be printed of the Journals of the Senate and 
            House of Representatives eight hundred and twenty copies, 
            which shall be distributed as follows:
                \1\See footnote to Senate Manual section 613.
                            to the Senate document room, ninety copies 
                        for distribution to Senators, and twenty-five 
                        additional copies;
                            to the Senate library, ten copies;
                            to the House document room, three hundred 
                        and sixty copies for distribution to Members, 
                        and twenty-five additional copies;
                            to the Department of State, four copies;
                            to the Superintendent of Documents, one 
                        hundred and forty-four copies to be distributed 
                        to three libraries in each of the States to be 
                        designated by the Superintendent of Documents; 
                        and
                            to the library of the House of 
                        Representatives, ten copies.

            The remaining number of the Journals of the Senate and House 
            of Representatives, consisting of twenty-five copies, shall 
            be furnished to the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of 
            the House of Representatives, respectively, as the 
            necessities of their respective offices require, as rapidly 
            as signatures are completed for distribution. (Oct. 22, 
            1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1249; Apr. 2, 1982, Pub. L. 
            97-164, Sec. 158, 96 Stat. 47.)

        624  Sec. 714. Printing documents for Congress in two or more 
                editions; printing of full number and allotment of full 
                quota.
                The Joint Committee on Printing shall establish rules to 
            be observed by the Public Printer, by which public documents 
            and reports printed for Congress, or either House, may be 
            printed in two or more editions, to meet the public 
            requirements. The aggregate of the editions may not exceed 
            the number of copies otherwise authorized. This section does 
            not prevent the printing of the full number of a document or 
            report, or the allotment of the full quota to Senators and 
            Representatives, as otherwise authorized, when a legitimate 
            demand for the full complement is known to exist. (Oct. 22, 
            1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1250.)
        625  Sec. 715. Senate and House documents and reports for 
                Department of State.
                The Public Printer shall print, in addition to the usual 
            number, and furnish the Department of State twenty copies of 
            each Senate and House of Representatives document and 
            report. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1250.)
            Cross References
                For distribution of House and Senate documents and 
            reports, see sections 701, 1718, and 1719 of this title 
            (Senate Manual sections 613, 667, and 668).
        626  Sec. 716. Printing of documents not provided for by law.
                Either House may order the printing of a document not 
            already provided for by law, when accompanied by an estimate 
            from the Public Printer as to the probable cost. An 
            executive department, bureau, board, or independent office 
            of the Government submitting reports or documents in 
            response to inquiries from Congress shall include an 
            estimate of the probable cost of printing to the usual 
            number. This section does not apply to reports or documents 
            not exceeding fifty pages. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 
            82 Stat. 1250.)
        627  Sec. 717. Appropriation chargeable for printing of document 
                or report by order of Congress.
                The cost of the printing of a document or report printed 
            by order of Congress which, under section 1107 of this 
            title, cannot be properly charged to another appropriation 
            or allotment of appropriation already made, upon order of 
            the Joint Committee on Printing, shall be charged to the 
            allotment of appropriation for printing and binding for 
            Congress. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1250.)
        628  Sec. 718. Lapse of authority to print.
                The authority to print a document or report, or a 
            publication authorized by law to be printed, for 
            distribution by Congress, shall lapse when the whole number 
            of copies has not been ordered within two years from the 
            date of the original order, except orders for subsequent 
            editions, approved by the Joint Committee on Printing, in 
            which case the whole number may not exceed that originally 
            authorized by law. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 
            1250.)
        629  Sec. 719. Classification and numbering of publications 
                ordered printed by Congress; designation of publications 
                of departments; printing of committee hearings.
                Publications ordered printed by Congress, or either 
            House, shall be in four series, namely:
                            one series of reports made by the committees 
                        of the Senate, to be known as Senate reports;
                            one series of reports made by the committees 
                        of the House of Representatives, to be known as 
                        House reports;
                            one series of documents other than reports 
                        of committees, the orders for printing which 
                        originate in the Senate, to be known as Senate 
                        documents, and
                            one series of documents other than committee 
                        reports, the orders for printing which originate 
                        in the House of Representatives, to be known as 
                        House documents.
                The publications in each series shall be consecutively 
            numbered, the numbers in each series continuing in unbroken 
            sequence throughout the entire term of a Congress, but these 
            provisions do not apply to the documents printed for the use 
            of the Senate in executive session. Of the ``usual number'', 
            the copies which are intended for distribution to State 
            libraries and other designated depositories of annual or 
            serial publications originating in or prepared by an 
            executive department, bureau, office, commission, or board 
            may not be numbered in the document or report series of 
            either House of Congress, but shall be designated by title 
            and bound as provided by section 738 of this title; and the 
            departmental edition, if any, shall be printed concurrently 
            with the ``usual number''. Hearings of committees may be 
            printed as congressional documents only when specifically 
            ordered by Congress or either House. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 
            90-620, 82 Stat. 1250.)
        630  Sec. 720. Senate and House Manuals.
                Each House may order printed as many copies as it 
            desires, of the Senate Manual and of the Rules and Manual of 
            the House of Representatives, even though the cost exceed 
            $500. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1251.)
        631  Sec. 721. Congressional Directory.\1\
                (a) There shall be prepared under the direction of the 
            Joint Committee on Printing (1) a Congressional Directory, 
            which shall be printed and distributed as early as 
            practicable during the first session of each Congress and 
            (2) a supplement to each Congressional Directory, which 
            shall be printed and distributed as early as practicable 
            during the second regular session of each Congress. The 
            Joint Committee shall control the number and distribution of 
            the Congressional Directory and each supplement.
                \1\See footnote to Senate Manual section 613.
                (b) One copy of the Congressional Directory delivered to 
            Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives 
            (including Delegates and the Resident Commissioner) shall be 
            bound in cloth and imprinted on the cover with the name of 
            the Member. Copies of the Congressional Directory delivered 
            to depository libraries may be bound in cloth. All other 
            copies of the Congressional Directory shall be bound in 
            paper and names shall not be imprinted thereon, except that 
            copies printed for sale under section 722 may be bound in 
            cloth. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1251; Aug. 
            5, 1977, Pub. L. 95-94, Sec. 404, 91 Stat. 682.)
        632  Sec. 722. Congressional Directory: sale.
                The Public Printer, under the direction of the Joint 
            Committee on Printing, may print the current Congressional 
            Directory for sale at a price sufficient to reimburse the 
            expense of printing. The money derived from sales shall be 
            paid into the Treasury and accounted for in his annual 
            report to Congress, and sales may not be made on credit. 
            (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1251.)
        633  Sec. 723. Memorial addresses; preparation; distribution.\1\
                After the final adjournment of each session of Congress, 
            there shall be compiled, prepared, printed with 
            illustrations, and bound in cloth in one volume, in the 
            style, form, and manner directed by the Joint Committee on 
            Printing, without extra compensation to any employee, the 
            legislative proceedings of Congress and the exercises at the 
            general memorial services held in the House of 
            Representatives during each session relative to the death of 
            a Member of Congress or a former Member of Congress who 
            served as speaker, together with all relevant memorial 
            addresses and eulogies published in the Congressional Record 
            during the same session of Congress, and any other matter 
            the Joint Committee considers relevant; and there shall be 
            printed as many copies as needed to supply the total 
            quantity provided for by this section, of which fifty 
            copies, bound in full morocco, with gilt edges, suitably 
            lettered as may be requested, shall be delivered to the 
            family of the deceased, and the remaining copies shall be 
            distributed as follows:
                \1\See footnote to Senate Manual section 613. Title VIII 
                of Public Law 94-59, Sec. 801 July 25, 1975, 89 Stat. 
                296, provides in part as follows: ``Hereafter, 
                appropriations for authorized printing and binding for 
                Congress shall not be available under the authority of 
                section 723 of title 44 of the United States Code for 
                the printing, publication, and distribution of more than 
                fifty bound eulogies to be delivered to the family of 
                the deceased, and in the case of a deceased Senator or 
                deceased Representative (including Delegates to Congress 
                and the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico), there 
                shall be furnished to his successor in office two 
                hundred and fifty copies.''.
                            of all eulogies on deceased Members of 
                        Congress to the Vice President and each Senator, 
                        Representative, and Resident Commissioner in 
                        Congress, one copy;
                            of the eulogies on deceased Senators there 
                        shall be furnished two hundred and fifty copies 
                        for each Senator of the State represented by the 
                        deceased and twenty copies for each 
                        Representative from that State;
                            of the eulogies on a deceased Representative 
                        and Resident Commissioner two hundred and fifty 
                        copies for his successor in office; twenty 
                        copies for each of the other Representatives, or 
                        Resident Commissioner of the State, or insular 
                        possession represented by the deceased; and 
                        twenty copies for each Senator from that State.
                The ``usual number'' of memorial addresses may not be 
            printed. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1251; Oct. 
            1, 1981, Pub. L. 97-51, Sec. 101(c), 95 Stat. 959.)
        634  Sec. 724. Memorial addresses: illustrations.
                The illustrations to accompany bound copies of memorial 
            addresses delivered in Congress shall be made at the Bureau 
            of Engraving and Printing and paid for out of the 
            appropriation for that bureau, or, in the discretion of the 
            Joint Committee on Printing, shall be obtained elsewhere by 
            the Public Printer and charged to the allotment for printing 
            and binding for Congress. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 
            Stat. 1252.)
        635  Sec. 725. Statement of appropriations; ``usual number''.
                Of the statements of appropriations required to be 
            prepared by section 105 of Title 2, there shall be printed, 
            after the close of each regular session of Congress, the 
            usual number of copies. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 
            Stat. 1252.)
        636  Sec. 726. Printing for committees for Congress.\1\
                A Committee of Congress may not procure the printing of 
            more than one thousand copies of a hearing, or other 
            document germane thereto, for its use except by simple, 
            concurrent, or joint resolution, as provided by section 703 
            of this title. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 
            1252.)
                \1\ See footnote to Senate Manual section 613.
        637  Sec. 727. Committee reports: indexing and binding.
                The Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House 
            of Representatives shall procure and file for the use of 
            their respective House copies of all reports made by 
            committees, and at the close of each session of Congress 
            shall have the reports indexed and bound, one copy to be 
            deposited in the library of each House and one copy in the 
            committee from which the report emanates. (Oct. 22, 1968, 
            Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1252.)
        638  Sec. 728. United States Statutes at Large: distribution.\2\
                The Public Printer, after the final adjournment of each 
            regular session of Congress, shall print and bind copies of 
            the United States Statutes at Large, to be charged to the 
            congressional allotment for printing and binding. The Joint 
            Committee on Printing shall control the number and 
            distribution of the copies.
                \2\Title X of Pub. L. 94-440, Sec. 1000, Oct. 1, 1976, 
                90 Stat. 1459, provides in part as follows: ``Hereafter, 
                notwithstanding any other provisions of law, 
                appropriations for the automatic distribution to 
                Senators and Representatives (including Delegates to 
                Congress and the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico) 
                of copies of the United States Statutes at Large shall 
                not be available with respect to any Senator or 
                Representative unless such Senator or Representative 
                specifically, in writing, requests that he receive 
                copies of such document.''.
                The Public Printer shall print and, after the end of 
            each calendar year, bind and deliver to the Superintendent 
            of Documents a number of copies of the United States 
            Treaties and Other International Agreements not exceeding 
            the number of copies of the United States Statutes at Large 
            required for distribution in the manner provided by law. 
            (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1252.)
        639  Sec. 730. Distribution of documents to Members of Congress.
                When, in the division among Senators, and 
            Representatives, of documents printed for the use of 
            Congress there is an apportionment to each or either House 
            in round numbers, the Public Printer may not deliver the 
            full number so accredited at the Senate Service Department 
            and House of Representatives Publications Distribution 
            Service, but only the largest multiple of the number 
            constituting the full membership of that House, including 
            the Secretary and Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and Clerk 
            and Sergeant at Arms of the House, which is contained in the 
            round numbers thus accredited to that House, so that the 
            number delivered divides evenly and without remainder among 
            the Members of the House to which they are delivered; and 
            the remainder of the documents thus resulting shall be 
            turned over to the Superintendent of Documents, to be 
            distributed by him, first, to public and school libraries 
            for the purpose of completing broken sets; second, to public 
            and school libraries that have not been supplied with any 
            portions of the sets, and, lastly, by sale to other persons; 
            the libraries to be named to him by Senators and 
            Representatives; and in this distribution the Superintendent 
            of Documents, as far as practicable, shall make an equal 
            allowance to each Senator and Representative. (Oct. 22, 
            1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1253; Pub. L. 104-186, Title 
            II, Sec. 223(3), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1751.)
        640  Sec. 731. Allotments of public documents printed after 
                expiration of terms of Members of Congress; rights of 
                retiring Members to documents.
                The Congressional allotment of public documents, other 
            than the Congressional Record, printed after the expiration 
            of the term of office of the Vice President of the United 
            States, or Senator, Representative, or Resident 
            Commissioner, shall be delivered to his successor in office.
                Unless the Vice President of the United States, a 
            Senator, Representative, or Resident Commissioner, having 
            public documents to his credit at the expiration of his term 
            of office takes them prior to the 30th day of June next 
            following the date of expiration, he shall forfeit them to 
            his successor in office. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 
            Stat. 1253.)
        641  Sec. 732. Time for distribution of documents by Members of 
                Congress extended.
                Reelected Members may distribute public documents to 
            their credit, or the credit of their respective districts in 
            the Interior or other Departments and bureaus, and in the 
            Government Printing Office, during their successive terms 
            and until their right to frank documents ends. (Oct. 22, 
            1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1253.)
        642  Sec. 733. Documents and reports ordered by Members of 
                Congress; franks and envelopes for Members of Congress.
                The Public Printer on order of a Member of Congress, on 
            prepayment of the cost, may reprint documents and reports of 
            committees together with the evidence papers submitted, or 
            any part ordered printed by the Congress.
                He may also furnish without cost to Members and the 
            Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, blank franks printed 
            on sheets and perforated, or singly at their option, for 
            public documents. Franks shall contain in the upper left-
            hand corner the following words: ``Public document. United 
            States Senate'' or ``House of Representatives U.S.'' and in 
            upper right-hand corner the letters ``U.S.S.'' or ``M.C.'' 
            Franks may also contain information relating to missing 
            children as provided in section 3220 of title 39. But he may 
            not print any other words except where it is desirable to 
            affix the official title of a document. Other words printed 
            on franks shall be at the personal expense of the Member or 
            Resident Commissioner ordering them.
                At the request of a Member of Congress or Resident 
            Commissioner the Public Printer may print upon franks or 
            envelopes used for mailing public documents the facsimile 
            signature of the Member or Resident Commissioner and a 
            special request for return if not called for, and the name 
            of the State or Commonwealth and county and city. The Member 
            or Resident Commissioner shall deposit with his order the 
            extra expense involved in printing these additional words.
                The Public Printer may also, at the request of a Member 
            or Resident Commissioner, print on envelopes authorized to 
            be furnished, the name of the Member or Resident 
            Commissioner, and State or Commonwealth, the date, and the 
            topic or subject matter, not exceeding twelve words.
                The Public Printer shall deposit moneys accruing under 
            this section in the Treasury of the United States to the 
            credit of the appropriation made for the working capital of 
            the Government Printing Office for the year in which the 
            work is done. He shall account for them in his annual report 
            to Congress. (As amended Pub. L. 93-191, Sec. 8(a), Dec. 18, 
            1973, 87 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 93-255, Sec. 2(b), Mar. 27, 
            1974, 88 Stat. 52; Pub. L. 99-87, Sec. 1(c)(2), Aug. 9, 
            1958, 99 Stat. 291.)
        643  Sec. 734. Stationery and blank books for Congress.
                Upon requisition of the Secretary of the Senate and the 
            Clerk of the House of Representatives, respectively, the 
            Public Printer shall furnish stationery, blank books, 
            tables, forms, and other necessary papers preparatory to 
            congressional legislation, required for the official use of 
            the Senate and the House of Representatives, or their 
            committees and officers. This does not prevent the purchase 
            by the officers of the Senate and House of Representatives 
            of stationery and blank books necessary for sales to 
            Senators and Members in the stationery rooms of the two 
            Houses as provided by law. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 
            82 Stat. 1254.)
        644  Sec. 735. Binding for Senators.\1\
                Each Senator is entitled to the binding in half morocco, 
            or material not more expensive, of one copy of each public 
            document to which he is entitled, an account of which shall 
            be kept by the Secretary of the Senate. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. 
            L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1254; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
            Sec. 223(4)(A), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1751.)
                \1\The rebinding of clothbound books has been prohibited 
                by the Joint Committee on Printing under authority of 
                section 103 of title 44, United States Code (Senate 
                Manual section 602).
                Title VIII of Pub. L. 94-59, Sec. 801, July 25, 1975, 89 
                Stat. 296, provides in part as follows: ``Hereafter, 
                notwithstanding any other provisions of law, 
                appropriations for the binding of copies of public 
                documents by Committees for distribution to Senators and 
                Representatives (including Delegates to Congress and the 
                Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico) shall not be 
                available for a Senator or Representative unless such 
                Senator or Representative specifically, in writing, 
                requests that he receive bound copies of any such 
                documents.''.
        645  Sec. 736. Binding at expense of Members of Congress.
                The Public Printer may bind at the Government Printing 
            Office books, maps, charts, or documents published by 
            authority of Congress, upon application of a Member of 
            Congress, and payment of the actual cost of binding. (Oct. 
            22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1254.)
        646  Sec. 737. Binding for Senate library.\1\
                The Secretary of the Senate may make requisition upon 
            the Public Printer for the binding for the Senate library of 
            books he considers necessary, at a cost not to exceed $200 
            per year. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1254.)
                \1\The ceiling of $200 per year for binding for the 
                Senate library has been removed by the Joint Committee 
                on Printing under authority of section 103 of title 44, 
                United States Code (Senate Manual section 602).
        647  Sec. 738. Binding of publications for distribution to 
                libraries.
                The Public Printer shall supply the Superintendent of 
            Documents with sufficient copies of publications distributed 
            in unbound form, to be bound and distributed to the State 
            libraries and other designated depositories for their 
            permanent files. Every publication of sufficient size on any 
            one subject shall be bound separately and receive the title 
            suggested by the subject of the volume, and the others shall 
            be distributed in unbound form as soon as printed. The 
            library edition, as well as all other bound sets of 
            congressional numbered documents and reports, shall be 
            arranged in volumes and bound in the manner directed by the 
            Joint Committee on Printing. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 
            82 Stat. 1254.)
        648  Sec. 739. Senate and House document rooms; superintendents.
                There shall be one document room of the Senate and one 
            of the House of Representatives, to be designated, 
            respectively, the ``Senate and House document room.'' Each 
            shall be in charge of a superintendent, who shall be 
            appointed by the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of 
            the House, respectively, together with the necessary 
            assistants. The Senate document room shall be under the 
            jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Senate. (Oct. 22, 1968, 
            Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1254; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
            Sec. 223(5), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1751.)
        649  Sec. 740. Senate Service Department and House Publications 
                Distribution Service; superintendents.
                There shall be a Senate Service Department and a House 
            of Representatives Publications Distribution Service in the 
            charge of superintendents, appointed respectively by the 
            Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and Chief Administrative 
            Officer of the House of Representatives, together with the 
            necessary assistants. Reports or documents to be distributed 
            for the Senators and Representatives shall be folded and 
            distributed from the Senate Service Department and House of 
            Representatives Publications Distribution Service, unless 
            otherwise ordered, and the respective superintendent shall 
            notify each Senator and Representative in writing once every 
            sixty days of the number and character of publications on 
            hand and assigned to him for use and distribution. (Oct. 22, 
            1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1255; Pub. L. 104-186, Title 
            II, Sec. 223(6), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1751.)
        650  Sec. 741. Disposition of documents stored at Capitol.
                The Secretary and Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and the 
            Clerk and Doorkeeper of the House of Representatives, at the 
            convening in regular session of each successive Congress 
            shall cause an invoice to be made of public documents stored 
            in and about the Capitol, other than those belonging to the 
            quota of Members of Congress, to the Library of Congress and 
            the Senate and House libraries and document rooms. The 
            superintendents of the Senate Service Department and House 
            of Representatives Publications Distribution Service shall 
            put the documents to the credit of Senators and 
            Representatives in quantities equal in the number of volumes 
            and as nearly as possible in value, to each Member of 
            Congress, and the documents shall be distributed upon the 
            orders of Senators and Representatives, each of whom shall 
            be supplied by the superintendents of the Senate Service 
            Department and House of Representatives Publications 
            Distribution Service with a list of the number and character 
            of the publications thus put to his credit, but before 
            apportionment is made copies of any of these documents 
            desired for the use of a committee of either House shall be 
            delivered to the chairman of the committee.
                Four copies of leather-bound documents shall be reserved 
            and carefully stored, to be used in supplying deficiencies 
            in the Senate and House libraries caused by wear or loss. 
            (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1255.)
            
                          Chapter 9.--CONGRESSIONAL RECORD

        651  Sec. 901. Congressional Record: arrangement, style, 
                contents, and indexes.
                The Joint Committee on Printing shall control the 
            arrangement and style of the Congressional Record, and while 
            providing that it shall be substantially a verbatim report 
            of proceedings, shall take all needed action for the 
            reduction of unnecessary bulk. It shall provide for the 
            publication of an index of the Congressional Record 
            semimonthly during and at the close of sessions of Congress. 
            (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1255.)
        652  Sec. 902. Congressional Record: indexes.
                The Joint Committee on Printing shall designate to the 
            Public Printer competent persons to prepare the semimonthly 
            and the session index to the Congressional Record and shall 
            fix the compensation to be paid by the Public Printer for 
            that work, and direct the form and manner of its publication 
            and distribution. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 
            1256.)
        653  Sec. 903. Congressional Record: daily and permanent forms.
                The public proceedings of each House of Congress as 
            reported by the Official Reporters, shall be printed in the 
            Congressional Record, which shall be issued in daily form 
            during each session and shall be revised, printed, and bound 
            promptly, as directed by the Joint Committee on Printing, in 
            permanent form, for distribution during and after the close 
            of each session of Congress. The daily and the permanent 
            Record shall bear the same date, which shall be that of the 
            actual day's proceedings reported. The ``usual number'' of 
            the Congressional Record may not be printed. (Oct. 22, 1968, 
            Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1256.)
        654  Sec. 904. Congressional Record: maps; diagrams; 
                illustrations.
                Maps, diagrams, or illustrations may not be inserted in 
            the Record without the approval of the Joint Committee on 
            Printing. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1256.)
        655  Sec. 905. Congressional Record: additional insertions.
                The Joint Committee on Printing shall provide for 
            printing in the daily Record the legislative program for the 
            day together with a list of congressional committee meetings 
            and hearings, and the place of meeting and subject matter. 
            It shall cause a brief resume of congressional activities 
            for the previous day to be incorporated in the Record, 
            together with an index of its contents prepared under the 
            supervision of the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of 
            the House of Representatives, respectively. (Oct. 22, 1968, 
            Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1256.)
        656  Sec. 906. Congressional Record: gratuitous copies; 
                delivery.\1\
                The Public Printer shall furnish the Congressional 
            Record only as follows:
                \1\ Pub. L. 93-145, Nov. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 546, provides 
                in part as follows: ``Hereafter, appropriations for 
                authorized printing and binding for Congress shall not 
                be available under the authority of the Act of October 
                22, 1968 (44 U.S.C. 906) for the printing, publication, 
                and distribution of more than one copy of the bound 
                permanent editions of the Congressional Record for the 
                Vice President and each Member of the Senate and House 
                of Representatives.''.
                    of the bound edition--
                            to the Senate Service Department five copies 
                        for the Vice President and each Senator;
                            to the Secretary and Sergeant at Arms of the 
                        Senate, each, two copies;
                            to the Joint Committee on Printing not to 
                        exceed one hundred copies;
                            to the House of Representatives Publications 
                        Distribution Service, three copies for each 
                        Representative and Resident Commissioner in 
                        Congress; and
                            to the Clerk and Sergeant at Arms of the 
                        House of Representatives, each, two copies;
                    of the daily edition--
                            to the Vice President, one hundred copies;
                            to each Senator, fifty copies (which may be 
                        transferred only to public agencies and 
                        institutions);
                            to the Secretary and Sergeant at Arms of the 
                        Senate, each, twenty-five copies;
                            to the Secretary, for official use, not to 
                        exceed thirty-five copies; and
                            to the Sergeant at Arms for use on the floor 
                        of the Senate, not to exceed fifty copies;
                            to each Member of the House of 
                        Representatives, the Resident Commissioner from 
                        Puerto Rico, the Delegate from the District of 
                        Columbia, the Delegate from Guam, and the 
                        Delegate from the Virgin Islands, thirty-four 
                        copies (which may be transferred only to public 
                        agencies and institutions);
                            to the Clerk and Sergeant at Arms of the 
                        House of Representatives, each, twenty-five 
                        copies;
                            to the Clerk, for official use, not to 
                        exceed fifty copies, and to the Clerk for use on 
                        the floor of the House of Representatives, not 
                        to exceed seventy-five copies;
                            to the Vice President and each Senator, 
                        Representative, and Resident Commissioner in 
                        Congress (and not transferable) three copies of 
                        which one shall be delivered at his residence, 
                        one at his office and one at the Capitol.
                In addition to the foregoing the Congressional Record 
            shall also be furnished as follows:
                In unstitched form, and held in reserve by the Public 
            Printer, as many copies of the daily Record as may be 
            required to supply a semimonthly edition, bound in paper 
            cover together with each semimonthly index when it is 
            issued, and then be delivered promptly as follows:
                            to each committee and commission of 
                        Congress, one daily and one semimonthly copy;
                            to each joint committee and joint commission 
                        in Congress, as may be designated by the Joint 
                        Committee on Printing, two copies of the daily, 
                        one semimonthly copy, and one bound copy;
                            to the Secretary and the Sergeant at Arms of 
                        the Senate, for office use, each, six 
                        semimonthly copies;
                            to the Clerk and Sergeant at Arms of the 
                        House, for office use, each, six semimonthly 
                        copies;
                            to the Joint Committee on Printing, ten 
                        semimonthly copies;
                            to the Vice President and each Senator, 
                        Representative, and Resident Commissioner in 
                        Congress, one semimonthly copy;
                            to the President of the United States, for 
                        the use of the Executive Office, ten copies of 
                        the daily, two semimonthly copies, and one bound 
                        copy;
                            to the Chief Justice of the United States 
                        and each of the Associate Justices of the 
                        Supreme Court of the United States, one copy of 
                        the daily;
                            to the offices of the marshal and clerk of 
                        the Supreme Court of the United States, each, 
                        two copies of the daily and one semimonthly 
                        copy;
                            to each United States circuit and district 
                        judge, and to the chief judge and each associate 
                        judge of the United States Court of Federal 
                        Claims, the United States Court of International 
                        Trade, the Tax Court of the United States, the 
                        United States Court of Appeals for Veterans 
                        Claims, and the United States Court of Appeals 
                        for the Armed Forces, upon request to a Member 
                        of Congress and notification by the Member to 
                        the Public Printer, one copy of the daily, in 
                        addition to those authorized to be furnished to 
                        Members of Congress under the preceding 
                        provisions of this section;
                            to the offices of the Vice President and the 
                        Speaker of the House of Representatives, each, 
                        six copies of the daily and one semimonthly 
                        copy;
                            to the Sergeant at Arms, the Chaplain, the 
                        Postmaster, the superintendent and the foreman 
                        of the Senate Service Department and of the 
                        House of Representatives Publications 
                        Distribution Service, respectively; and to the 
                        Secretaries to the Majority and the Minority of 
                        the Senate, each, one copy of the daily;
                            to the office of the Parliamentarian of the 
                        House of Representatives, six copies of the 
                        daily, one semimonthly copy, and two bound 
                        copies;
                            to the offices of the Official Reporters of 
                        Debates of the Senate and House of 
                        Representatives, respectively, each, fifteen 
                        copies of the daily, one semimonthly copy, and 
                        three bound copies;
                            to the office of the stenographers to 
                        committees of the House of Representatives, four 
                        copies of the daily and one semimonthly copy;
                            to the office of the Congressional Record 
                        Index, ten copies of the daily and two 
                        semimonthly copies;
                            to the offices of the superintendent of the 
                        Senate and House document rooms, each, three 
                        copies of the daily, one semimonthly copy, and 
                        one bound copy;
                            to the offices of the superintendents of the 
                        Senate and House press galleries, each, two 
                        copies of the daily, one semimonthly copy, and 
                        one bound copy;
                            to the offices of the Legislative Counsel of 
                        the Senate and House of Representatives, 
                        respectively, and the Architect of the Capitol, 
                        each, three copies of the daily, one semimonthly 
                        copy, and one bound copy;
                            to the Library of Congress for official use 
                        in Washington, District of Columbia, and for 
                        international exchange, as provided by sections 
                        1718 and 1719 of this title, not to exceed one 
                        hundred and forty-five copies of the daily, five 
                        semimonthly copies, and one hundred and fifty 
                        bound copies;
                            to the library of the Senate, three copies 
                        of the daily, two semimonthly copies, and not to 
                        exceed fifteen bound copies;
                            to the library of the House of 
                        Representatives, five copies of the daily, two 
                        semimonthly copies, and not to exceed twenty-
                        eight bound copies, of which eight copies may be 
                        bound in the style and manner approved by the 
                        Joint Committee on Printing;
                            to the library of the Supreme Court of the 
                        United States, two copies of the daily, two 
                        semimonthly copies, and not to exceed five bound 
                        copies;
                            to the library of each United States Court 
                        of Appeals, each United States District Court, 
                        the United States Court of Federal Claims, the 
                        United States Court of International Trade, the 
                        Tax Court of the United States, the United 
                        States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, and 
                        the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed 
                        Forces, upon request to the Public Printer, one 
                        copy of the daily, one semimonthly copy, and one 
                        bound copy;
                            to the Public Printer for official use, not 
                        to exceed seventy-five copies of the daily, ten 
                        semimonthly copies, and two bound copies;
                            to the Director of the Botanic Garden, two 
                        copies of the daily and one semimonthly copy:
                            to the Archivist of the United States, five 
                        copies of the daily, two semimonthly copies, and 
                        two bound copies;
                            to the library of each executive department, 
                        independent office, and establishment of the 
                        Government in the District of Columbia, except 
                        those designated as depository libraries, and to 
                        the libraries of the municipal government of the 
                        District of Columbia, the Naval Observatory, and 
                        the Smithsonian Institution, each, two copies of 
                        the daily, one semimonthly copy, and one bound 
                        copy;
                            to the offices of the Governors of Puerto 
                        Rico, Guam and the Virgin Islands, each, five 
                        copies in both daily and bound form;
                            to the office of the Governor of the Canal 
                        Zone, five copies in both daily and bound form;
                            to each ex-President and ex-Vice President 
                        of the United States, one copy of the daily;
                            to each former Senator, Representative, and 
                        Commissioner from Puerto Rico, upon request to 
                        the Public Printer, one copy of the daily;
                            to the governor of each State, one copy in 
                        both daily and bound form;
                            to each separate establishment of the Armed 
                        Forces Retirement Home, to each of the National 
                        Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, and to 
                        each of the State soldiers' homes, one copy of 
                        the daily;
                            to the Superintendent of Documents, as many 
                        daily and bound copies as may be required for 
                        distribution to depository libraries;
                            to the Department of State, not to exceed 
                        one hundred and fifty copies of the daily, for 
                        distribution to each United States embassy and 
                        legation abroad, and to the principal consular 
                        offices in the discretion of the Secretary of 
                        State;
                            to each foreign legation in Washington whose 
                        government extends a like courtesy to our 
                        embassies and legations abroad, one copy of the 
                        daily, to be furnished upon requisition of and 
                        sent through the Secretary of State;
                            to each newspaper correspondent whose name 
                        appears in the Congressional Directory, and who 
                        makes application, for his personal use and that 
                        of the papers he represents, one copy of the 
                        daily and one copy of the bound, the same to be 
                        sent to the office address of the member of the 
                        press or elsewhere as he directs; not to exceed 
                        four copies in all may be furnished to members 
                        of the same press bureau.
                Copies of the daily edition, unless otherwise directed 
            by the Joint Committee on Printing, shall be supplied and 
            delivered promptly on the day after the actual day's 
            proceedings as originally published. Each order for the 
            daily Record shall begin with the current issue, if previous 
            issues of the same session are not available. The 
            apportionment specified for daily copies may not be 
            transferred for the bound form and an allotment of daily 
            copies not used by a Member during a session shall lapse 
            when the session ends. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 
            Stat. 1256; June 12, 1970, Pub. L. 91-276, 84 Stat. 303; 
            Aug. 10, 1972, Pub. L. 92-373, 86 Stat. 528; June 8, 1974, 
            Pub. L. 93-314, Sec. 1(b), 88 Stat. 239; Aug. 5, 1977, Pub. 
            L. 95-94, Sec. 407(a), 91 Stat. 683; Oct. 10, 1980, Pub. L. 
            96-417, Title VI, Sec. 601(11), 94 Stat. 1744; Apr. 2, 1982, 
            Pub. L. 97-164, Sec. 164(2), 96 Stat. 50; Pub. L. 101-510, 
            Title XV, Sec. Sec. 1533(c)(3), 1541(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 
            Stat. 1736; Pub. L. 102-82, Sec. 6, Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 
            337; Pub. L. 103-337, Sec. 924(d)(1)(D), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 
            Stat. 2832; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 223(7), Aug. 20, 
            1996, 110 Stat. 1751; Pub. L. 105-368, Sec. 512(b)(1)(C), 
            112 Stat. 3342.)
        657  Sec. 907. Congressional Record: extracts for Members of 
                Congress; mailing envelopes.
                The Public Printer may print and deliver, upon the order 
            of a Member of Congress and payment of the cost, extracts 
            from the Congressional Record. The Public Printer may 
            furnish without cost to Members and the Resident 
            Commissioner, envelopes, ready for mailing the Congressional 
            Record or any part of it, or speeches, or reports in it, if 
            such part, speeches, or reports are mailable as franked mail 
            under section 3210 of title 39. Envelopes so furnished shall 
            contain in the upper left-hand corner the following words: 
            ``United States Senate'' or ``House of Representatives, U.S. 
            Part of Congressional Record'', and in the upper right-hand 
            corner the letters ``U.S.S.'' or ``M.C.'', and the Public 
            Printer may, at the request of a Member or Resident 
            Commissioner, print in addition to the foregoing, his name 
            and State or Commonwealth, the date, and the topic or 
            subject matter, not exceeding twelve words. He may not print 
            any other words on envelopes, except at the personal expense 
            of the Member or Resident Commissioner ordering the 
            envelopes, except to affix the official title of a document. 
            The Public Printer shall deposit moneys accruing under this 
            section in the Treasury of the United States to the credit 
            of the appropriation made for the working capital of the 
            Government Printing Office for the year in which the work is 
            done, and accounted for in his annual report to Congress. 
            (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1259; Dec. 18, 
            1973, Pub. L. 93-191, Sec. 8(b), 87 Stat. 745; Mar. 27, 
            1974, Pub. L. 93-255, Sec. 2(c), 88 Stat. 52.)
        658  Sec. 908. Congressional Record: payment for printing 
                extracts or other documents.
                If a Member or Resident Commissioner fails to pay the 
            cost of printing extracts from the Congressional Record or 
            other documents ordered by him to be printed, the Public 
            Printer shall certify the amount due to the Chief 
            Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives or 
            the financial clerk of the Senate, as the case may be, who 
            shall deduct from any salary due the delinquent the amount, 
            or as much of it as the salary due may cover, and pay the 
            amount so obtained to the Public Printer, to be applied by 
            him to the satisfaction of the indebtedness. (Oct. 22, 1968, 
            Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1260; Pub. L. 104-186, Title II, 
            Sec. 223(8), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1752.)
        659  Sec. 910. Congressional Record: subscriptions; sale of 
                current, individual numbers, and bound sets; postage 
                rate.
                (a) Under the direction of the Joint Committee, the 
            Public Printer may sell--
                            (1) subscriptions to the daily Record; and
                            (2) current, individual numbers, and bound 
                        sets of the Congressional Record.
                (b) The price of a subscription to the daily Record and 
            of current, individual numbers, and bound sets shall be 
            determined by the Public Printer based upon the cost of 
            printing and distribution. Any such price shall be paid in 
            advance. The money from any such sale shall be paid into the 
            Treasury and accounted for in the Public Printer's annual 
            report to Congress.
                (c) The Congressional Record shall be entitled to be 
            mailed at the same rates of postage at which any newspaper 
            or other periodical publication, with a legitimate list of 
            paid subscribers, is entitled to be mailed. (Oct. 22, 1968, 
            Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1260; June 8, 1974, Pub. L. 93-314, 
            Sec. 1(a), 88 Stat. 239.)

            
              Chapter 11.--EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIARY PRINTING AND BINDING

        660  Sec. 1104. Restrictions on use of illustrations.
                Appropriations made for printing and binding may not be 
            used for an illustration, engraving, or photograph in a 
            document or report ordered printed by Congress unless the 
            order to print expressly authorizes it, nor in a document or 
            report of an executive department, independent office or 
            establishment of the Government until the head of the 
            executive department or Government establishment certifies 
            in a letter transmitting the report that the illustration, 
            engraving, or photograph is necessary and relates entirely 
            to the transaction of public business. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. 
            L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1261.)

            
                    Chapter 13.--PARTICULAR REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS

        661  Sec. 1301. Agriculture, Department of: report of Secretary.
                The annual report of the Secretary of Agriculture shall 
            be submitted and printed in two parts, as follows:
                            part 1, containing purely business and 
                        executive matter necessary for the Secretary to 
                        submit to the President and Congress;
                            part 2, reports from the different bureaus 
                        and divisions, and papers prepared by their 
                        special agents, accompanied by suitable 
                        illustrations as are, in the opinion of the 
                        Secretary, specially suited to interest and 
                        instruct the farmers of the country, and to 
                        include a general report of the operations of 
                        the department for their information.
                In addition to the usual number, there shall be printed 
            of part 1, one thousand copies for the Senate, two thousand 
            copies for the House of Representatives, and three thousand 
            copies for the Department of Agriculture; and of part 2, one 
            hundred and ten thousand copies for the use of the Senate, 
            three hundred and sixty thousand copies for the use of the 
            House of Representatives, and thirty thousand copies for the 
            use of the Department of Agriculture, the illustrations for 
            part 2 to be subject to the approval of the Secretary of 
            Agriculture, and executed under the supervision of the 
            Public Printer, in accordance with directions of the Joint 
            Committee on Printing, and the title of each of the parts 
            shall show that each part is complete in itself. (Pub. L. 
            90-620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1265.)
      661.1  Sec. 1326. Librarian of Congress: reports.
                Five thousand copies of the annual and special reports 
            of the Librarian of Congress submitted to Congress, shall be 
            printed and bound in cloth for the Library of Congress. 
            (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1270.)
        662  Sec. 1339. Printing of the President's Message.\1\
                The message of the President without the accompanying 
            documents and reports shall be printed in pamphlet form, 
            immediately upon its receipt by Congress. In addition to the 
            usual number, fifteen thousand copies shall be printed, of 
            which five thousand shall be for the Senate, and ten 
            thousand for the House of Representatives.
                \1\See footnote to Senate Manual section 613.
                In addition to the usual number of the President's 
            message and accompanying documents, there shall be printed 
            one thousand copies for the Senate and two thousand for the 
            House of Representatives. The President's message shall be 
            delivered by the printer to the appropriate officers of each 
            House of Congress on or before the third Wednesday next 
            after the meeting of Congress, or as soon after as may be 
            practicable. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1272.)
            
               Chapter 17.--DISTRIBUTION AND SALE OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS

        663  Sec. 1705. Printing additional copies for sale to public; 
                regulations.
                The Public Printer shall print additional copies of a 
            Government publication, not confidential in character, 
            required for sale to the public by the Superintendent of 
            Documents, subject to regulation by the Joint Committee on 
            Printing and without interference with the prompt execution 
            of printing for the Government. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-
            620, 82 Stat. 1279.)
        664  Sec. 1706. Printing and sale of extra copies of documents.
                The Public Printer shall furnish to applicants giving 
            notice before the matter is put to press, not exceeding two 
            hundred and fifty to any one applicant, copies of bills, 
            reports, and documents. The applicants shall pay in advance 
            the price of the printing. The printing of these copies for 
            private parties may not interfere with the printing for the 
            Government. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1279.)
        665  Sec. 1710. Index of documents: number and distribution.
                The Superintendent of Documents, at the close of each 
            regular session of Congress, shall prepare and publish a 
            comprehensive index of public documents, upon a plan 
            approved by the Joint Committee on Printing. The Public 
            Printer shall, immediately upon its publication, deliver to 
            him a copy of every document printed by the Government 
            Printing Office. The head of each executive department, 
            independent agency and establishment of the Government shall 
            deliver to him a copy of every document issued or published 
            by the department, bureau, or office not confidential in 
            character. He shall also prepare and print in one volume a 
            consolidated index of Congressional documents, and shall 
            index single volumes of documents as the Joint Committee on 
            Printing directs. Two thousand copies each of the 
            comprehensive index and of the consolidated index shall be 
            printed and bound in addition to the usual number, two 
            hundred for the Senate, eight hundred for the House of 
            Representatives and one thousand for distribution by the 
            Superintendent of Documents. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 
            82 Stat. 1280.)
        666  Sec. 1715. Publications for department or officer or for 
                congressional committees.
                When printing not bearing a congressional number, except 
            confidential matter, blank forms, and circular letters not 
            of a public character, is done for a department or officer 
            of the Government, or not of a confidential character, is 
            done for use of congressional committees, two copies shall 
            be sent, unless withheld by order of the committee, by the 
            Public Printer to the Senate and House of Representatives 
            libraries, respectively, and one copy each to the document 
            rooms of the Senate and House of Representatives, for 
            reference; and these copies may not be removed. (Oct. 22, 
            1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1281.)
        667  Sec. 1718. Distribution of Government publications to the 
                Library of Congress.\1\
                There shall be printed and furnished to the Library of 
            Congress for official use in the District of Columbia not to 
            exceed twenty-five copies of:
                \1\See footnote to Senate Manual section 613.
                            House documents and reports, bound;
                            Senate documents and reports, bound;
                            Senate and House journals, bound;
                            public bills and resolutions;
                            the United States Code and supplements, 
                        bound; and
                            all other publications and maps which are 
                        printed, or otherwise reproduced, under 
                        authority of law, upon the requisition of a 
                        Congressional committee, executive department, 
                        bureau, independent office, establishment, 
                        commission, or officer of the Government.
                Confidential matter, blank forms, and circular letters 
            not of a public character shall be excepted.
                In addition, there shall be delivered as printed to the 
            Library of Congress:
                            ten copies of each House document and 
                        report, unbound;
                            ten copies of each Senate document and 
                        report, unbound;
                    and
                            ten copies of each private bill and 
                        resolution and fifty copies of the laws in slip 
                        form. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 
                        1282; Oct. 2, 1982, Pub. L. 97-276, Sec. 101(e), 
                        96 Stat. 1189.)
        668  Sec. 1719. International exchange of Government 
                publications.
                For the purpose of more fully carrying into effect the 
            convention concluded at Brussels on March 15, 1886, and 
            proclaimed by the President of the United States on January 
            15, 1889, there shall be supplied to the Superintendent of 
            Documents not to exceed one hundred and twenty-five copies 
            each of all Government publications, including the daily and 
            bound copies of the Congressional Record, for distribution 
            to those foreign governments which agree, as indicated by 
            the Library of Congress, to send to the United States 
            similar publications of their governments for delivery to 
            the Library of Congress. Confidential matter, blank forms, 
            circular letters not of a public character, publications 
            determined by their issuing department, office, or 
            establishment to be required for official use only or for 
            strictly administrative or operational purposes which have 
            no public interest or educational value, and publications 
            classified for reasons of national security shall be 
            exempted from this requirement. The printing, binding, and 
            distribution costs of any publication distributed in 
            accordance with this section shall be charged to 
            appropriations provided to the Superintendent of Documents 
            for that purpose. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 
            1282; Oct. 2, 1982, Pub. L. 97-276, Sec. 101(e), 96 Stat. 
            1189; Pub. L. 99-500, Sec. 101(j), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 
            1783-287, and Pub. L. 99-591, Sec. 101(j), Oct. 30, 1986, 
            100 Stat. 3341-287, as amended July 1987, Pub. L. 100-71, 
            Title I, 101 Stat. 425.)
            
                       Chapter 19.--DEPOSITORY LIBRARY PROGRAM

        669  Sec. 1901. Definition of Government publication.
                ``Government publication'' as used in this chapter, 
            means informational matter which is published as an 
            individual document at Government expense, or as required by 
            law. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1283.)
        670  Sec. 1902. Availability of Government publications through 
                Superintendent of Documents; lists of publications not 
                ordered from Government Printing Office.
                Government publications, except those determined by 
            their issuing components to be required for official use 
            only or for strictly administrative or operational purposes 
            which have no public interest or educational value and 
            publications classified for reasons of national security, 
            shall be made available to depository libraries through the 
            facilities of the Superintendent of Documents for public 
            information. Each component of the Government shall furnish 
            the Superintendent of Documents a list of such publications 
            it issued during the previous month, that were obtained from 
            sources other than the Government Printing Office. (Oct. 22, 
            1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1283.)
        671  Sec. 1903. Distribution of publications to depositories; 
                notice to Government components; cost of printing and 
                binding.
                Upon request of the Superintendent of Documents, 
            components of the Government ordering the printing of 
            publications shall either increase or decrease the number of 
            copies of publications furnished for distribution to 
            designated depository libraries and State libraries so that 
            the number of copies delivered to the Superintendent of 
            Documents is equal to the number of libraries on the list. 
            The number thus delivered may not be restricted by any 
            statutory limitation in force on August 9, 1962. Copies of 
            publications furnished the Superintendent of Documents for 
            distribution to designated depository libraries shall 
            include--
                            the journals of the Senate and House of 
                        Representatives;
                            all publications, not confidential in 
                        character, printed upon the requisition of a 
                        congressional committee;
                            Senate and House public bills and 
                        resolutions; and
                            reports on private bills, concurrent or 
                        simple resolutions;

            but not so-called cooperative publications which must 
            necessarily be sold in order to be self-sustaining.

                The Superintendent of Documents shall currently inform 
            the components of the Government ordering printing of 
            publications as to the number copies of their publications 
            required for distribution to depository libraries. The cost 
            of printing and binding those publications distributed to 
            depository libraries obtained elsewhere than from the 
            Government Printing Office, shall be borne by components of 
            the Government responsible for their issuance; those 
            requisitioned from the Government Printing Office shall be 
            charged to appropriations provided the Superintendent of 
            Documents for that purpose. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 
            82 Stat. 1283.)
        672  Sec. 1904. Classified list of Government publications for 
                selection by depositories.
                The Superintendent of Documents shall currently issue a 
            classified list of Government publications in suitable form, 
            containing annotations of contents and listed by item 
            identification numbers to facilitate the selection of only 
            those publications needed by depository libraries. The 
            selected publications shall be distributed to depository 
            libraries in accordance with regulations of the 
            Superintendent of Documents, as long as they fulfill the 
            conditions provided by law. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 
            82 Stat. 1284.)
        673  Sec. 1905. Distribution to depositories; designation of 
                additional libraries; justification; authorization for 
                certain designations.
                The Government publications selected from lists prepared 
            by the Superintendent of Documents, and when requested from 
            him, shall be distributed to depository libraries 
            specifically designated by law and to libraries designated 
            by Senators, Representatives, and the Resident Commissioner 
            from Puerto Rico, by the Commissioner of the District of 
            Columbia, and by the Governors of Guam, American Samoa, and 
            the Virgin Islands, respectively. Additional libraries 
            within areas served by Representatives or the Resident 
            Commissioner from Puerto Rico may be designated by them to 
            receive Government publications to the extent that the total 
            number of libraries designated by them does not exceed two 
            within each area. Not more than two additional libraries 
            within a State may be designated by each Senator from the 
            State. Before an additional library within a State, 
            congressional district or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is 
            designated as a depository for Government publications, the 
            head of that library shall furnish his Senator, 
            Representative, or the Resident Commissioner from Puerto 
            Rico, as the case may be, with justification of the 
            necessity for the additional designation. The justification, 
            which shall also include a certification as to the need for 
            the additional depository library designation, shall be 
            signed by the head of every existing depository library 
            within the congressional district or the Commonwealth of 
            Puerto Rico or by the head of the library authority of the 
            State or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, within which the 
            additional depository library is to be located. The 
            justification for additional depository library designations 
            shall be transmitted to the Superintendent of Documents by 
            the Senator, Representative, or the Resident Commissioner 
            from Puerto Rico, as the case may be. The Commissioner of 
            the District of Columbia may designate two depository 
            libraries in the District of Columbia, the Governor of Guam 
            and the Governor of American Samoa may each designate one 
            depository library in Guam and American Samoa, respectively, 
            and the Governor of the Virgin Islands may designate one 
            depository library on the island of Saint Thomas and one on 
            the island of Saint Croix. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 
            82 Stat. 1284.)
        674  Sec. 1906. Land-grant colleges constituted depositories.
                Land-grant colleges are constituted depositories to 
            receive Government publications subject to the depository 
            laws. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1284.)
        675  Sec. 1909. Requirements of depository libraries; reports on 
                conditions; investigations; termination; replacement.
                Only a library able to provide custody and service for 
            depository materials and located in an area where it can 
            best serve the public need, and within an area not already 
            adequately served by existing depository libraries may be 
            designated by Senators, Representatives, the Resident 
            Commissioner from Puerto Rico, the Commissioner of the 
            District of Columbia, or the Governors of Guam, American 
            Samoa, or the Virgin Islands as a depository of Government 
            publications. The designated depository libraries shall 
            report to the Superintendent of Documents at least every two 
            years concerning their condition.
                The Superintendent of Documents shall make firsthand 
            investigation of conditions for which need is indicated and 
            include the results of investigations in his annual report. 
            When he ascertains that the number of books in a depository 
            library is below ten thousand, other than Government 
            publications, or it has ceased to be maintained so as to be 
            accessible to the public, or that the Government 
            publications which have been furnished the library have not 
            been properly maintained, he shall delete the library from 
            the list of depository libraries if the library fails to 
            correct the unsatisfactory conditions within six months. The 
            Representative or the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico 
            in whose area the library is located or the Senator who made 
            the designation, or a successor of the Senator, and, in the 
            case of a library in the District of Columbia, the 
            Commissioner of the District of Columbia, and in the case of 
            a library in Guam, American Samoa, or the Virgin Islands, 
            the Governor, shall be notified and shall then be authorized 
            to designate another library within the area served by him, 
            which shall meet the conditions herein required, but which 
            may not be in excess of the number of depository libraries 
            authorized by law within the State, district, territory, or 
            the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, as the case may be. (Oct. 
            22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1285.)
        676  Sec. 1910. Designations of replacement depositories; 
                limitations on numbers; conditions.
                The designation of a library to replace a depository 
            library, other than a depository library specifically 
            designated by law, may be made only within the limitations 
            on total numbers specified by section 1905 of this title, 
            and only when the library to be replaced ceases to exist, or 
            when the library voluntarily relinquishes its depository 
            status, or when the Superintendent of Documents determines 
            that it no longer fulfills the conditions provided by law 
            for depository libraries. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 
            Stat. 1286.)
        677  Sec. 1912. Regional depositories; designation; functions; 
                disposal of publications.
                Not more than two depository libraries in each State and 
            the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico may be designated as 
            regional depositories, and shall receive from the 
            Superintendent of Documents copies of all new and revised 
            Government publications authorized for distribution to 
            depository libraries. Designation of regional depository 
            libraries may be made by a Senator or the Resident 
            Commissioner from Puerto Rico within the areas served by 
            them, after approval by the head of the library authority of 
            the State or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, as the case 
            may be, who shall first ascertain from the head of the 
            library to be so designated that the library will, in 
            addition to fulfilling the requirements for depository 
            libraries, retain at least one copy of all Government 
            publications either in printed or microfacsimile form 
            (except those authorized to be discarded by the 
            Superintendent of Documents); and within the region served 
            will provide interlibrary loan, reference service, and 
            assistance for depository libraries in the disposal of 
            unwanted Government publications. The agreement to function 
            as a regional depository library shall be transmitted to the 
            Superintendent of Documents by the Senator or the Resident 
            Commissioner from Puerto Rico when the designation is made.
                The libraries designated as regional depositories may 
            permit depository libraries, within the areas served by 
            them, to dispose of Government publications which they have 
            retained for five years after first offering them to other 
            depository libraries within their area, then to other 
            libraries. (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1286.)
        678  Sec. 1914. Implementation  of  depository  library  program  
                by  Public Printer.
                The Public Printer, with the approval of the Joint 
            Committee on Printing, as provided by section 103 of this 
            title, may use any measures he considers necessary for the 
            economical and practical implementation of this chapter. 
            (Oct. 22, 1968, Pub. L. 90-620, 82 Stat. 1287.)
      678.1  Sec. 1915. Highest State appellate court libraries as 
                depository libraries.
                Upon the request of the highest appellate court of a 
            State, the Public Printer is authorized to designate the 
            library of that court as a depository library. The 
            provisions of section 1911 of this title shall not apply to 
            any library so designated. (Aug. 10, 1972, Pub. L. 92-368, 
            Sec. 1(a), 86 Stat. 507.)
      678.2  Sec. 1916. Designation of libraries of accredited law 
                schools as depository libraries.
                (a) Upon the request of any accredited law school, the 
            Public Printer shall designate the library of such law 
            school as a depository library. The Public Printer may not 
            make such designation unless he determines that the library 
            involved meets the requirements of this chapter, other than 
            those requirements of the first undesignated paragraph of 
            section 1909 of this title which relate to the location of 
            such library.
                (b) For purposes of this section, the term ``accredited 
            law school'' means any law school which is accredited by a 
            nationally recognized accrediting agency or association 
            approved by the Commissioner of Education for such purpose 
            or accredited by the highest appellate court of the State in 
            which the law school is located. (April 17, 1978, Pub. L. 
            95-261, Sec. 1, 92 Stat. 199.)

            
              Chapter 21.--NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION

        679  Sec. 2112. Presidential archival depository.
                (a)(1) When the Archivist considers it to be in the 
            public interest, the Archivist may--
                            (A)(i) accept, for and in the name of the 
                        United States, land, a facility, and equipment 
                        offered as a gift to the United States for the 
                        purpose of creating a Presidential archival 
                        depository;
                            (ii) take title to the land, facility, and 
                        equipment on behalf of the United States; and
                            (iii) maintain, operate, and protect the 
                        land, facility, and equipment as a Presidential 
                        archival depository and as part of the national 
                        archives system; * * *
                (3) Prior to accepting and taking title to any land, 
            facility, or equipment under subparagraph (A) of paragraph 
            (1), or prior to entering into any agreement under 
            subparagraph (B) of such paragraph or any other agreement to 
            accept or establish a Presidential archival depository, the 
            Archivist shall submit a written report on the proposed 
            Presidential archival depository to the President of the 
            Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. The 
            report shall include--
                            (A) a description of the land, facility, and 
                        equipment offered as a gift or to be made 
                        available without transfer of title;
                            (B) a statement specifying the estimated 
                        total cost of the proposed depository and the 
                        amount of the endowment for the depository 
                        required pursuant to subsection (g) of this 
                        section;
                            (C) a statement of the terms of the proposed 
                        agreement, if any;
                            (D) a general description of the types of 
                        papers, documents, or other historical materials 
                        proposed to be deposited in the depository to be 
                        created, and of the terms of the proposed 
                        deposit;
                            (E) a statement of any additional 
                        improvements and equipment associated with the 
                        development and operation of the depository, an 
                        estimate of the costs of such improvements and 
                        equipment, and a statement as to the extent to 
                        which such costs will be incurred by any Federal 
                        or State government agency;
                            (F) an estimate of the total annual cost to 
                        the United States of maintaining, operating, and 
                        protecting the depository; and
                            (G) a certification that such facility and 
                        equipment (whether offered as a gift or made 
                        available without transfer of title) comply with 
                        standards promulgated by the Archivist pursuant 
                        to paragraph (2) of this subsection.

            (Pub. L. 90-620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1289, Sec. 2108; 
            Pub. L. 94-575, Sec. 4(a), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2727; 
            Pub. L. 95-591, Sec. 2(b)(3), Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2528; 
            renumbered Sec. 2112 and amended Pub. L. 98-497, Title I, 
            Sec. Sec. 102(a)(1), 107(a)(6), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 
            2280, 2286; Pub. L. 99-323, Sec. 3, May 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 
            495.)

      679.1  Sec. 2118. Records of Congress.
                The Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House 
            of Representatives, acting jointly, shall obtain at the 
            close of each Congress all the noncurrent records of the 
            Congress and of each congressional committee and transfer 
            them to the National Archives and Records Administration for 
            preservation, subject to the orders of the Senate or the 
            House of Representatives, respectively. (Pub. L. 90-620, 
            Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1291, Sec. 2114; renumbered and 
            amended Pub. L. 98-497, Title I, Sec. Sec. 102(a)(1), 
            107(a)(10), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2280, 2286.)
            Cross Reference
                The Senate provided public access to its records 
            pursuant to S. Res. 474, Dec. 1, 1980. See Senate Manual 
            section 60.

            
                          Chapter 33.--DISPOSAL OF RECORDS

        680  Sec. 3303a. Examination by Archivist of lists and schedules 
                of records lacking preservation value; disposal of 
                records.
                (a) The Archivist shall examine the lists and schedules 
            submitted to him under section 3303 of this title. If the 
            Archivist determines that any of the records listed in a 
            list or schedule submitted to him do not, or will not after 
            the lapse of the period specified, have sufficient 
            administrative, legal, research, or other value to warrant 
            their continued preservation by the Government, he may, 
            after publication of notice in the Federal Register and an 
            opportunity for interested persons to submit comment 
            thereon--
                            (1) notify the agency to that effect; and
                            (2) empower the agency to dispose of those 
                        records in accordance with regulations 
                        promulgated under section 3302 of this title.
                (b) Authorizations granted under lists and schedules 
            submitted to the Archivist under section 3303 of this title, 
            and schedules promulgated by the Archivist under subsection 
            (d) of this section, shall be mandatory, subject to section 
            2909 of this title. As between an authorization granted 
            under lists and schedules submitted to the Archivist under 
            section 3303 of this title and an authorization contained in 
            a schedule promulgated under subsection (d) of this section, 
            application of the authorization providing for the shorter 
            retention period shall be required, subject to section 2909 
            of this title.
                (c) The Archivist may request advice and counsel from 
            the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate and 
            the Committee on House Oversight of the House of 
            Representatives with respect to the disposal of any 
            particular records under this chapter whenever he considers 
            that--
                            (1) those particular records may be of 
                        special interest to the Congress; or
                            (2) consultation with the Congress regarding 
                        the disposal of those particular records is in 
                        the public interest.

            However, this subsection does not require the Archivist to 
            request such advice and counsel as a regular procedure in 
            the general disposal of records under this chapter.

                (d) The Archivist shall promulgate schedules authorizing 
            the disposal, after the lapse of specified periods of time, 
            of records of a specified form or character common to 
            several or all agencies if such records will not, at the end 
            of the periods specified, have sufficient administrative, 
            legal, research, or other value to warrant their further 
            preservation by the United States Government. A Federal 
            agency may request changes in such schedules for its records 
            pursuant to section 2009 of this title.
                (e) The Archivist may approve and effect the disposal of 
            records that are in his legal custody, provided that records 
            that had been in the custody of another existing agency may 
            not be disposed of without the written consent of the head 
            of the agency.
                (f) The Archivist shall make an annual report to the 
            Congress concerning the disposal of records under this 
            chapter, including general descriptions of the types of 
            records disposed of and such other information as he 
            considers appropriate to keep the Congress fully informed 
            regarding the disposal of records under this chapter. (Added 
            Pub. L. 91-287, Sec. 1, June 23, 1970, 84 Stat. 320, and 
            amended Pub. L. 95-440, Sec. 1, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 
            1063; Pub. L. 98-497, Title I, Sec. 107(b)(24), (25)(B), 
            Title II, Sec. 204, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2290, 2294; Pub. 
            L. 104-186, Title II, Sec. 223(10), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 
            1752.)

            
               Chapter 35.--COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY

        681  Sec. 3501. Purposes.
                The purposes of this chapter are to--
                            (1) minimize the paperwork burden for 
                        individuals, small businesses, educational and 
                        nonprofit institutions, Federal contractors, 
                        State, local and tribal governments, and other 
                        persons resulting from the collection of 
                        information by or for the Federal Government;
                            (2) ensure the greatest possible public 
                        benefit from and maximize the utility of 
                        information created, collected, maintained, 
                        used, shared and disseminated by or for the 
                        Federal Government;
                            (3) coordinate, integrate, and to the extent 
                        practicable and appropriate, make uniform 
                        Federal information resources management 
                        policies and practices as a means to improve the 
                        productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness of 
                        Government programs, including the reduction of 
                        information collection burdens on the public and 
                        the improvement of service delivery to the 
                        public;
                            (4) improve the quality and use of Federal 
                        information to strengthen decisionmaking, 
                        accountability, and openness in Government and 
                        society;
                            (5) minimize the cost to the Federal 
                        Government of the creation, collection, 
                        maintenance, use, dissemination, and disposition 
                        of information;
                            (6) strengthen the partnership between the 
                        Federal Government and State, local, and tribal 
                        governments by minimizing the burden and 
                        maximizing the utility of information created, 
                        collected, maintained, used, disseminated, and 
                        retained by or for the Federal Government;
                            (7) provide for the dissemination of public 
                        information on a timely basis, on equitable 
                        terms, and in a manner that promotes the utility 
                        of the information to the public and makes 
                        effective use of information technology;
                            (8) ensure that the creation, collection, 
                        maintenance, use, dissemination, and disposition 
                        of information by or for the Federal Government 
                        is consistent with applicable laws, including 
                        laws relating to--

                                (A) privacy and confidentiality, 
                            including section 552a of title 5;

                                (B) security of information, including 
                            the Computer Security Act of 1987 (Public 
                            Law 100-235); and

                                (C) access to information, including 
                            section 552 of title 5;

                            (9) ensure the integrity, quality, and 
                        utility of the Federal statistical system;
                            (10) ensure that information technology is 
                        acquired, used, and managed to improve 
                        performance of agency missions, including the 
                        reduction of information collection burdens on 
                        the public; and
                            (11) improve the responsibility and 
                        accountability of the Office of Management and 
                        Budget and all other Federal agencies to 
                        Congress and to the public for implementing the 
                        information collection review process, 
                        information resources management, and related 
                        policies and guidelines established under this 
                        chapter.

            (Pub. L. 96-511, Sec. 2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2812; 
            amended Pub. L. 99-591, Title VIII, Sec. 811, Oct. 30, 1986, 
            100 Stat. 3341-335; Pub. L. 104-13; May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 
            163.)

        682  Sec. 3503. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.
                (a) There is established in the Office of Management and 
            Budget an office to be known as the Office of Information 
            and Regulatory Affairs.
                (b) There shall be at the head of the Office an 
            Administrator who shall be appointed by the President, by 
            and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Director 
            shall delegate to the Administrator the authority to 
            administer all functions under this chapter, except that any 
            such delegation shall not relieve the Director of 
            responsibility for the administration of such functions. The 
            Administrator shall serve as principal adviser to the 
            Director on Federal information resources management policy. 
            (Added Pub. L. 96-511, Sec. 2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 
            2814, and amended Pub. L. 99-500, Title I, Sec. 101(m), 
            [Title VIII, Sec. 813(a)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783-
            336; Pub. L. 99--591, Title I, Sec. 101(m), [Title VIII, 
            Sec. 813(a)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-336; Pub. L. 
            104-13; May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 166.)
        683  Sec. 3505. Assignment of tasks and deadlines.
                (a) In carrying out the functions under this chapter, 
            the Director shall--
                            (1) in consultation with agency heads, set 
                        an annual Governmentwide goal for the reduction 
                        of information collection burdens by at least 10 
                        percent during each of fiscal years 1996 and 
                        1997 and 5 percent during each of fiscal years 
                        1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001, and set annual 
                        agency goals to--

                                (A) reduce information collection 
                            burdens imposed on the public that--

                                        (i) represent the maximum 
                                    practicable opportunity in each 
                                    agency; and

                                        (ii) are consistent with 
                                    improving agency management of the 
                                    process for the review of 
                                    collections of information 
                                    established under section 3506(c); 
                                    and

                                (B) improve information resources 
                            management in ways that increase the 
                            productivity, efficiency and effectiveness 
                            of Federal programs, including service 
                            delivery to the public;

                            (2) with selected agencies and non-Federal 
                        entities on a voluntary basis, conduct pilot 
                        projects to test alternative policies, 
                        practices, regulations, and procedures to 
                        fulfill the purposes of this chapter, 
                        particularly with regard to minimizing the 
                        Federal information collection burden; and
                            (3) in consultation with the Administrator 
                        of General Services, the Director of the 
                        National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
                        the Archivist of the United States, and the 
                        Director of the Office of Personnel Management, 
                        develop and maintain a Governmentwide strategic 
                        plan for information resources management, that 
                        shall include--

                                (A) a description of the objectives and 
                            the means by which the Federal Government 
                            shall apply information resources to improve 
                            agency and program performance;

                                (B) plans for--

                                        (i) reducing information burdens 
                                    on the public, including reducing 
                                    such burdens through the elimination 
                                    of duplication and meeting shared 
                                    data needs with shared resources;

                                        (ii) enhancing public access to 
                                    and dissemination of, information, 
                                    using electronic and other formats; 
                                    and

                                        (iii) meeting the information 
                                    technology needs of the Federal 
                                    Government in accordance with the 
                                    purposes of this chapter; and

                                (C) a description of progress in 
                            applying information resources management to 
                            improve agency performance and the 
                            accomplishment of missions.

                (b) For purposes of any pilot project conducted under 
            subsection (a)(2), the Director may, after consultation with 
            the agency head, waive the application of any administrative 
            directive issued by an agency with which the project is 
            conducted, including any directive requiring a collection of 
            information, after giving timely notice to the public and 
            the Congress regarding the need for such waiver.

            (Added Pub. L. 96-511, Sec. 2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 
            2818; and amended Pub. L. 99-500, Title I, Sec. 101(m), 
            [Title VIII, Sec. 815], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783-337; 
            Pub. L. 99-591, Title I, Sec. 101(m), [Title VIII, 
            Sec. 815], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-337; Pub. L. 104-
            13, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 170.)

        684  Sec. 3514. Responsiveness to Congress.
                (a)(1) The Director shall--
                            (A) keep the Congress and congressional 
                        committees fully and currently informed of the 
                        major activities under this chapter; and
                            (B) submit a report on such activities to 
                        the President of the Senate and the Speaker of 
                        the House of Representatives annually and at 
                        such other times as the Director determines 
                        necessary.
                (2) The Director shall include in any such report a 
            description of the extent to which agencies have--
                            (A) reduced information collection burdens 
                        on the public, including--

                                (i) a summary of accomplishments and 
                            planned initiatives to reduce collection of 
                            information burdens;

                                (ii) a list of all violations of this 
                            chapter and of any rules, guidelines, 
                            policies, and procedures issued pursuant to 
                            this chapter;

                                (iii) a list of any increase in the 
                            collection of information burden, including 
                            the authority for each such collection; and

                                (iv) a list of agencies that in the 
                            preceding year did not reduce information 
                            collection burdens in accordance with 
                            section 3505(a)(1), a list of the programs 
                            and statutory responsibilities of those 
                            agencies that precluded that reduction, and 
                            recommendations to assist those agencies to 
                            reduce information collection burdens in 
                            accordance with that section;

                            (B) improved the quality and utility of 
                        statistical information;
                            (C) improved public access to Government 
                        information; and
                            (D) improved program performance and the 
                        accomplishment of agency missions through 
                        information resources management.
                (b) The preparation of any report required by this 
            section shall be based on performance results reported by 
            the agencies and shall not increase the collection of 
            information burden on persons outside the Federal 
            Government.

            (Added Pub. L. 96-511, Sec. 2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 
            2823, and amended Pub. L. 99-500, Title I, Sec. 101(m), 
            [Title VIII, Sec. 819], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783-339; 
            Pub. L. 99-591, Title I, Sec. 101(m), [Title VIII, 
            Sec. 819], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-339; Pub. L. 104-
            13, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 181.)
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                                HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS

                                           

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                             declaration of independence

            declaration of independence

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                             DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

                              IN CONGRESS JULY 4, 1776

            ____________________________________________________________

             THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF 
                                       AMERICA

                When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary 
            for one people to dissolve the political bands which have 
            connected them with another, and to assume among the powers 
            of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the 
            Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent 
            respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should 
            declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
                We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men 
            are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator 
            with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, 
            Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these 
            rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their 
            just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever 
            any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it 
            is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to 
            institute new Government, laying its foundation on such 
            principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to 
            them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and 
            Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments 
            long established should not be changed for light and 
            transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn 
            that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are 
            sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms 
            to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of 
            abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object 
            evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it 
            is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such 
            Government, and to provide new Guards for their future 
            security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these 
            Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains 
            them to alter their former Systems of Government. The 
            history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of 
            repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct 
            object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these 
            States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid 
            world.
                He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome 
            and necessary for the public good.
                He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate 
            and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation 
            till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended he 
            has utterly neglected to attend to them.
                He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation 
            of large districts of people, unless those people would 
            relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a 
            right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
                He has called together legislative bodies at places 
            unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the dispository of 
            their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them 
            into compliance with his measures.
                He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for 
            opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of 
            the people.
                He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, 
            to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative 
            powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the 
            People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in 
            the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from 
            without, and convulsions within.
                He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these 
            States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for 
            Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to 
            encourage their migrations hither, and raising the 
            conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
                He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by 
            refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary 
            powers.
                He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the 
            tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their 
            salaries.
                He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent 
            hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out 
            their substance.
                He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies 
            without the Consent of our legislatures.
                He has affected to render the Military independent of 
            and superior to the Civil power.
                He has combined with others to subject us to a 
            jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged 
            by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended 
            Legislation:
                For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
                For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment 
            for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants 
            of these States:
                For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
                For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
                For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial 
            by Jury:
                For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for 
            pretended offences:
                For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a 
            neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary 
            government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it 
            at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the 
            same absolute rule into these Colonies:
                For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most 
            valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our 
            Governments:
                For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring 
            themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all 
            cases whatsoever.
                He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of 
            his Protection and waging War against us.
                He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our 
            towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
                He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign 
            Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and 
            tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & 
            perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and 
            totally unworthy of the Head of a civilized nation.
                He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on 
            the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become 
            the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall 
            themselves by their Hands.
                He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and 
            has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our 
            frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of 
            warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes 
            and conditions.
                In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned 
            for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions 
            have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose 
            character is thus marked by every act which may define a 
            Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
                Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British 
            brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts 
            by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction 
            over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our 
            emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their 
            native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by 
            the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, 
            which would inevitably interrupt our connections and 
            correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of 
            justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce 
            in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold 
            them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in 
            Peace Friends.
                WE, THEREFORE, the Representatives of the United States 
            of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the 
            Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our 
            intentions, do, in the Name, and by authority of the good 
            People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That 
            these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and 
            Independent States; that they are Absolved from all 
            Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political 
            connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is 
            and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and 
            Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, 
            conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and 
            do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of 
            right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a 
            firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we 
            mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and 
            our sacred Honor.

  (The foregoing declaration was, by order of Congress, engrossed, and 
                    signed by the following members:)

                                                           JOHN HANCOCK.

                              New Hampshire

            Vosiah Bartlett,
            Wm. Whipple,
            Matthew Thornton.
              

                            Massachusetts Bay

            Saml. Adams,
            John Adams,
            Robt. Treat Paine,
            Elbridge Gerry.

                           Rhode Island, etc.

            Step. Hopkins,
            William Ellery.

                               Connecticut

            Roger Sherman,
            Sam'el Huntington,
            Wm. Williams,
            Oliver Wolcott.

                                New York

            Wm. Floyd,
            Phil. Livingston,
            Frans. Lewis,
            Lewis Morris.

                               New Jersey

            Richd. Stockton,
            Jno. Witherspoon,
            Fras. Hopkinson,
            John Hart,
            Abra Clark.
              

                              Pennsylvania

            Robt. Morris,
            Benjamin Rush,
            Benja. Franklin,
            John Morton,
            Geo. Clymer,
            Jas. Smith,
            Geo. Taylor,
            James Wilson,
            Geo. Ross.
              

                                Delaware

            Caesar Rodney,
            Geo. Read,
            Tho. M'Kean.
              

                                Maryland

            Samuel Chase,
            Wm. Paca,
              
            Thos. Stone,
            Charles Carroll of
              Carrollton.

                                Virginia

            George Withe,
            Richard Henry Lee,
            Th. Jefferson,
            Benja. Harrison,
            Thos. Nelson, Jr.,
            Francis Lightfoot Lee,
            Carter Braxton.
              

                             North Carolina

            Wm. Hooper,
            Joseph Hewes,
            John Penn.
              

                             South Carolina

            Edward Rutledge,
            Thos. Heyward, Junr.,
            Thomas Lynch, Junr.,
            Arthur Middleton.

                                 Georgia

            Button Gwinnett,
            Lyman Hall,

            Geo. Walton.
              
                  

                Resolved, That copies of the Declaration be sent to the 
            several assemblies, conventions, and committees or councils 
            of safety, and to the several commanding officers of the 
            Continental Troops: That it be proclaimed in each of the 
            United States, and at the Head of the Army.--[Jour. Cong., 
            vol. 1, p. 396.]
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                              ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

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                                HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

                While the Declaration of Independence was under 
            consideration in the Continental Congress, and before it was 
            finally agreed upon, measures were taken for the 
            establishment of a constitutional form of government; and on 
            the 11th of June, 1776, it was ``Resolved, That a committee 
            be appointed to prepare and digest the form of a 
            confederation to be entered into between these Colonies''; 
            which committee was appointed the next day, June 12, and 
            consisted of a member from each Colony, namely: Mr. 
            Bartlett, Mr. S. Adams, Mr. Hopkins, Mr. Sherman, Mr. R. R. 
            Livingston, Mr. Dickinson, Mr. McKean, Mr. Stone, Mr. 
            Nelson, Mr. Hewes, Mr. E. Rutledge, and Mr. Gwinnett. On the 
            12th of July, 1776, the committee reported a draft of the 
            Articles of Confederation, which was printed for the use of 
            the members under the strictest injunctions of secrecy.
                This report underwent a thorough discussion in Congress, 
            from time to time, until the 15th of November, 1777; on 
            which day, ``Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union'' 
            were finally agreed to in form, and they were directed to be 
            proposed to the legislatures of all the United States, and 
            if approved by them, they were advised to authorize their 
            delegates to ratify the same in the Congress of the United 
            States; and in that event they were to become conclusive. On 
            the 17th of November, 1777, the Congress agreed upon the 
            form of a circular letter to accompany the Articles of 
            Confederation, which concluded with a recommendation to each 
            of the several legislatures ``to invest its delegates with 
            competent powers, ultimately, and in the name and behalf of 
            the State, to subscribe articles of confederation and 
            perpetual union of the United States, and to attend Congress 
            for that purpose on or before the 10th day of March next.'' 
            This letter was signed by the President of Congress and 
            sent, with a copy of the articles, to each State 
            legislature.
                On the 26th of June, 1778, Congress agreed upon the form 
            of a ratification of the Articles of Confederation, and 
            directed a copy of the articles and the ratification to be 
            engrossed on parchment; which, on the 9th of July, 1778, 
            having been examined and the blanks filled, was signed by 
            the delegates of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode 
            Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, 
            Pennsylvania, Virginia, and South Carolina. Congress then 
            directed that a circular letter be addressed to the States 
            whose delegates were not present, or being present, 
            conceived they were not authorized to sign the ratification, 
            informing them how many and what States had ratified the 
            Articles of Confederation, and desiring them, with all 
            convenient dispatch, to authorize their delegates to ratify 
            the same. Of these States, North Carolina ratified on the 
            21st and Georgia on the 24th of July, 1778; New Jersey on 
            the 26th of November following; Delaware on the 5th of May, 
            1779; Maryland on the 1st of March, 1781; and on the 2d of 
            March, 1781, Congress assembled under the new form of 
            government.
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                                        [756]

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                            ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION\1\

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     756.1      ACT OF CONFEDERATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

            to all to whom these presents shall come, we the undersigned 
                delegates of the states affixed to our names, send 
                greetings

                Whereas the Delegates of the United States of America in 
            Congress assembled did on the 15th day of November in the 
            Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy 
            seven, and in the Second Year of the Independence of America 
            agree to certain articles of Confederation and perpetual 
            Union between the states of Newhampshire, Massachusetts-bay, 
            Rhodeisland and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New 
            York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, 
            Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia in the 
            Words following, viz.
                \1\Adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 
            1777, while meeting at York, Pennsylvania, which served as 
            the site of the National Capital from September 30, 1777, to 
            June 27, 1778. Ratification of the Articles by the 
            respective delegates commenced on July 9, 1778, in 
            Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but was not completed until 
            March 1, 1781, when the Articles were signed by the 
            delegates from Maryland.

            ``articles of confederation and perpetual union between the 
                states of newhampshire, massachusetts-bay, rhodeisland 
                and providence plantations, connecticut, new york, new 
                jersey, pennsylvania, delaware, maryland, virginia, 
                north carolina, south carolina and georgia

     756.2      Article i. The Stile of this confederacy shall be ``The 
            United States of America.''
     756.3      Article ii. Each State retains its Sovereignty, freedom 
            and independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction and right, 
            which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to 
            the United States in Congress assembled.
     756.4      Article iii. The said states hereby severally enter into 
            a firm league of friendship with each other, for their 
            common defence, the security of their Liberties, and their 
            mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist 
            each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made 
            upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, 
            sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatever.
     756.5      Article iv. The better to secure and perpetuate mutual 
            friendship and intercourse among the people of the different 
            states in this union, the free inhabitants of each of these 
            states, paupers, vagabonds and fugitives from Justice 
            excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities 
            of free citizens in the several states, and the people of 
            each state shall have free ingress and regress to and from 
            any other state, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges 
            of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, 
            impositions and restrictions as the inhabitants thereof 
            respectively, provided that such restrictions shall not 
            extend so far as to prevent the removal of property imported 
            into any state, to any other state of which the Owner is an 
            inhabitant, provided also that no imposition, duties or 
            restriction shall be laid by any state, on the property of 
            the united states, or either of them.
                If any Person guilty of, or charged with treason, felony 
            or other high misdemeanor in any state, shall flee from 
            Justice, and be found in any of the united states, he shall 
            upon demand of the Governor or executive power, of the state 
            from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the state 
            having jurisdiction of his offence.
                Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these 
            states to the records, acts and judicial proceedings of the 
            courts and magistrates of every other state.
     756.6      Article v. For the more convenient management of the 
            general interest of the united states, delegates shall be 
            annually appointed in such manner as the legislature of each 
            state shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday 
            in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each 
            state, to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time 
            within the year, and to send others in their stead, for the 
            remainder of the Year.
                No state shall be represented in Congress by less than 
            two, nor by more than seven Members; and no person shall be 
            capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any 
            term of six years; nor shall any person, being a delegate, 
            be capable of holding any office under the united states, 
            for which he, or another for his benefit receives any 
            salary, fees or emolument of any kind.
                Each state shall maintain its own delegates in a meeting 
            of the states, and while they act as members of the 
            committee of the states.
                In determining questions in the united states, in 
            Congress assembled, each state shall have one vote.
                Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be 
            impeached or questioned in any Court, or place out of 
            Congress, and the members of congress shall be protected in 
            their persons from arrests and imprisonments, during the 
            time of their going to and from, and attendance on congress, 
            except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace.
     756.7      Article vi. No state without the Consent of the united 
            states in congress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or 
            receive any embassy from, or enter into any conference, 
            agreement, alliance or treaty with any King, prince or 
            state; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or 
            trust under the united states, or any of them, accept of any 
            present, emolument, office or title of any kind whatever 
            from any king, prince or foreign state; nor shall the united 
            states in congress assembled, or any of them, grant any 
            title of nobility.
                No two or more states shall enter into any treaty, 
            confederation or alliance whatever between them, without the 
            consent of the united states in congress assembled, 
            specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to 
            be entered into, and how long it shall continue.
                No state shall lay any imposts of duties, which may 
            interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by 
            the united states in congress assembled with any king, 
            prince or state, in pursuance of any treaties already 
            proposed by congress to the courts of France and Spain.
                No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace by 
            any state, except such number only, as shall be deemed 
            necessary by the united states in congress assembled, for 
            the defence of such state, or its trade; nor shall any body 
            of forces be kept up by any state, in time of peace, except 
            such number only, as in the judgment of the united states, 
            in congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison 
            the forts necessary for the defence of such state; but every 
            state shall always keep up a well regulated and disciplined 
            militia, sufficiently armed and accoutred, and shall provide 
            and constantly have ready for use, in public stores, a due 
            number of field-pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of 
            arms, ammunition and camp equipage.
                No state shall engage in any war without the consent of 
            the united states in congress assembled, unless such state 
            be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received 
            certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation 
            of Indians to invade such state, and the danger is so 
            imminent as not to admit of a delay, till the united states 
            in congress assembled can be consulted: nor shall any state 
            grant commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor 
            letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a 
            declaration of war by the united states in Congress 
            assembled, and then only against the kingdom or state and 
            the subjects thereof, against which war has been so 
            declared, and under such regulations as shall be established 
            by the united states in congress assembled, unless such 
            state be infested by pirates, in which case vessels of war 
            may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the 
            danger shall continue, or until the united states in 
            congress assembled shall determine otherwise.
     756.8      Article vii. When land-forces are raised by any state 
            for the common defence, all officers of or under the rank of 
            colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each state 
            respectively by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such 
            manner as such state shall direct, and all vacancies shall 
            be filled up by the state which first made the appointment.
     756.9      Article viii. All charges of war, and all other expences 
            that shall be incurred for the common defence or general 
            welfare, and allowed by the united states in congress 
            assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which 
            shall be supplied by the several states, in proportion to 
            the value of all land within each state, granted to or 
            surveyed for any Person, as such land and the buildings and 
            improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such 
            mode as the united states in congress assembled, shall from 
            time to time direct and appoint.
                The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and 
            levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of 
            the several states within the time agreed upon by the united 
            states in congress assembled.
    756.10      Article ix. The united states in congress assembled, 
            shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of 
            determining on peace and war, except in the cases mentioned 
            in the sixth article--of sending and receiving embassadors--
            entering into treaties and alliances, provided that no 
            treaty of commerce shall be made whereby the legislative 
            power of the respective states shall be restrained from 
            imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners, as their own 
            people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation 
            or importation of any species of goods or commodities 
            whatsoever--of establishing rules for deciding in all cases, 
            what captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what 
            manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service 
            of the united states shall be divided or appropriated--of 
            granting letters of marque and reprisal in times of peace--
            appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies 
            committed on the high seas and establishing courts for 
            receiving and determining finally appeals in all cases of 
            captures, provided that no member of congress shall be 
            appointed a judge of any of the said courts.
    756.11      The united states in congress assembled shall also be 
            the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences 
            now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two or 
            more states concerning boundary, jurisdiction or any other 
            cause whatever, which authority shall always be exercised in 
            the manner following. Whenever the legislative or executive 
            authority or lawful agent of any state in controversy with 
            another shall present a petition to congress stating the 
            matter in question and praying for a hearing, notice thereof 
            shall be given by order of congress to the legislative or 
            executive authority of the other state in controversy, and a 
            day assigned for the appearance of the parties by their 
            lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint by 
            joint consent, commissioners or judges to constitute a court 
            for hearing and determining the matter in question: but if 
            they cannot agree, congress shall name three persons out of 
            each of the united states, and from the list of such persons 
            each party shall alternately strike out one, the petitioners 
            beginning, until the number shall be reduced to thirteen; 
            and from that number not less than seven, nor more than nine 
            names as congress shall direct, shall in the presence of 
            congress be drawn out by lot, and the persons whose names 
            shall be so drawn or any five of them, shall be 
            commissioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the 
            controversy, so always as a major part of the judges who 
            shall hear the cause shall agree in the determination: and 
            if either party shall neglect to attend at the day 
            appointed, without showing reasons, which congress shall 
            judge sufficient, or being present shall refuse to strike, 
            the congress shall proceed to nominate three persons out of 
            each State, and the secretary of congress shall strike in 
            behalf of such party absent or refusing; and the judgment 
            and sentence of the court to be appointed, in the manner 
            before prescribed, shall be final and conclusive; and if any 
            of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of 
            such court, or to appear or defend their claim or cause, the 
            court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence, or 
            judgment, which shall in like manner be final and decisive, 
            the judgment or sentence and other proceedings being in 
            either case transmitted to congress, and lodged among the 
            acts of congress for the security of the parties concerned: 
            provided that every commissioner, before he sits in 
            judgment, shall take an oath to be administered by one of 
            the judges of the supreme or superior court of the state, 
            where the cause shall be tried, ``well and truly to hear and 
            determine the matter in question, according to the best of 
            his judgment without favour, affection or hope of reward'': 
            provided also that no state shall be deprived of territory 
            for the benefit of the united states.
    756.12      All controversies concerning the private right of soil 
            claimed under different grants of two or more states, whose 
            jurisdiction as they may respect such lands, and the states 
            which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or 
            either of them being at the same time claimed to have 
            originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, 
            shall on the petition of either party to the congress of the 
            united states, be finally determined as near as may be in 
            the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding 
            disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between 
            different states.
    756.13      The united states in congress assembled shall also have 
            the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the 
            alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by 
            that of the respective states--fixing the standard of 
            weights and measures throughout the united states--
            regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the 
            Indians, not members of any of the states, provided that the 
            legislative right of any state within its own limits be not 
            infringed or violated--establishing and regulating post-
            offices from one state to another, throughout all the united 
            states, and exacting such postage on the papers passing 
            thro' the same as may be requisite to defray the expences of 
            the said office--appointing all officers of the land forces, 
            in the service of the united states, excepting regimental 
            officers--appointing all the officers of the naval forces, 
            and commissioning all officers whatever in the service of 
            the united states--making rules for the government and 
            regulation of the said land and naval forces, and directing 
            their operations.
    756.14      The united states in congress assembled shall have 
            authority to appoint a committee, to sit in the recess of 
            congress, to be denominated ``A Committee of the States,'' 
            and to consist of one delegate from each state; and to 
            appoint such other committees and civil officers as may be 
            necessary for managing the general affairs of the united 
            states under their direction--to appoint one of their number 
            to preside, provided that no person be allowed to serve in 
            the office of president more than one year in any term of 
            three years; to ascertain the necessary sums of Money to be 
            raised for the service of the united states, and to 
            appropriate and apply the same for defraying the public 
            expences--to borrow money, or emit bills on the credit of 
            the united states, transmitting every half year to the 
            respective states an account of the sums of moneys so 
            borrowed or emitted--to build and equip a navy--to agree 
            upon the number of land forces, and to make requisition from 
            each state for its quota, in proportion to the number of 
            white inhabitants in such state; which requisitions shall be 
            binding, and thereupon the legislature of each state shall 
            appoint the regimental officers, raise the men and cloath, 
            arm and equip them in a soldier like manner, at the expence 
            of the united states; and the officers and men so cloathed, 
            armed and equipped shall march to the place appointed, and 
            within the time agreed on by the united states in congress 
            assembled: But if the united states in congress assembled 
            shall, on consideration of circumstances judge proper that 
            any state should not raise men, or should raise a smaller 
            number than its quota, and that any other state should raise 
            a greater number of men than the quota thereof, such extra 
            number shall be raised, officered, cloathed, armed and 
            equipped in the same manner as the quota of such state, 
            unless the legislature of such state shall judge that such 
            extra number cannot be safely spared out of the same, in 
            which case they shall raise, officer, cloath, arm and equip 
            as many of such extra number as they judge can be safely 
            spared. And the officers and men so cloathed, armed and 
            equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the 
            time agreed on by the united states in congress assembled.
    756.15      The united states in congress assembled shall never 
            engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal in 
            time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor 
            coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain 
            the sums and expences necessary for the defence and welfare 
            of the united states, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor 
            borrow money on the credit of the united states, nor 
            appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of 
            war, to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea 
            forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander-in-chief of the 
            army or navy, unless nine states assent to the same; nor 
            shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning 
            from day to day be determined, unless by the votes of a 
            majority of the united states in congress assembled.
    756.16      The Congress of the united states shall have power to 
            adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within 
            the united states, so that no period of adjournment be for a 
            longer duration than the space of six Months, and shall 
            publish the Journal of their proceedings monthly, except 
            such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances or 
            military operations as in their judgment require secrecy; 
            and the yeas and nays of the delegates of each state on any 
            question shall be entered on the Journal, when it is desired 
            by any delegate; and the delegates of a state, or any of 
            them, at his or their request shall be furnished with a 
            transcript of the said Journal, except such parts as are 
            above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the 
            several states.
    756.17      Article x. The committee of the states, or any nine of 
            them, shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of 
            congress such of the powers of congress as the united states 
            in congress assembled, by the consent of nine states, shall 
            from time to time think expedient to vest them with; 
            provided that no power be delegated to the said committee, 
            for the exercise of which, by the articles of confederation, 
            the voice of nine states in the congress of the united 
            states assembled is requisite.
    756.18      Article xi. Canada acceding to this confederation, and 
            joining in the measures of the united states, shall be 
            admitted into, and entitled to all the advantages of this 
            union: but no other colony shall be admitted into the same, 
            unless such admission be agreed to by nine states.
    756.19      Article xii. All bills of credit emitted, monies 
            borrowed and debts contracted by, or under the authority of 
            congress, before the assembling of the united states, in 
            pursuance of the present confederation, shall be deemed and 
            considered as a charge against the united states, for 
            payment and satisfaction whereof the said united states, and 
            the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged.
    756.20      Article xiii. Every state shall abide by the 
            determinations of the united states in congress assembled, 
            on all questions which by this confederation are submitted 
            to them. And the Articles of this confederation shall be 
            inviolably observed by every state, and the union shall be 
            perpetual; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be 
            made in any of them; unless such alteration be agreed to in 
            a congress of the united states, and be afterward confirmed 
            by the legislatures of every state.
    756.21      AND WHEREAS it has pleased the Great Governor of the 
            World to incline the hearts of the legislatures we 
            respectively represent in congress, to approve of, and to 
            authorize us to ratify the said articles of confederation 
            and perpetual union. KNOW YE that we the undersigned 
            delegates, by virtue of the power and authority to us given 
            for that purpose, do by these presents, in the name and in 
            behalf of our respective constituents, fully and entirely 
            ratify and confirm each and every of the said articles of 
            confederation and perpetual union, and all and singular the 
            matters and things therein contained: And we do further 
            solemnly plight and engage the faith of our respective 
            constituents, that they shall abide by the determinations of 
            the united states in congress assembled, on all questions, 
            which by the said confederation are submitted to them. And 
            that the articles thereof shall be inviolably observed by 
            the states we respectively represent and that the union 
            shall be perpetual.
    756.22      IN WITNESS whereof we have hereunto set our hands in 
            Congress. DONE at Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania 
            the ninth Day of July in the Year of our Lord one Thousand 
            seven Hundred and Seventy-eight, and in the third year of 
            the independence of America.

          On the part and behalf of the State of New Hampshire.

            Josiah Bartlett,
              
            John Wentworth, Junr.
              August 8, 1778.

        On the part and behalf of the State of Massachusetts Bay.

            John Hancock,
            Samuel Adams,
            Elbridge Gerry,
            Francis Dana,
            James Lovell,
            Samuel Holten.

 On the part and in behalf of the State of Rhode Island and Providence 
                              Plantations.

            William Ellery,
            Henry Marchant,
            John Collins.

           On the part and behalf of the State of Connecticut.

            Roger Sherman,
            Samuel Huntington,
            Oliver Wolcott,
            Titus Hosmer,
            Andrew Adams.

            On the part and behalf of the State of New York.

            Jas Duane,
            Fras Lewis,
            William Duer,
            Gouvr Morris.

          On the part and in behalf of the State of New Jersey.

            Jno Witherspoon,
              
            Nathl Scudder, Nov. 26, 1778.

          On the part and behalf of the State of Pennsylvania.

            Robt. Morris,
            Daniel Roberdeau,
            Jona Bayard Smith,
            William Clingan,
            Joseph Reed, July 22, 1778.

            On the part and behalf of the State of Delaware.

            John Dickinson, May 5, 1779,
            Nicholas Van Dyke,
            Tho. M'Kean, Feb. 12, 1779.

            On the part and behalf of the State of Maryland.

            John Hanson, March 1, 1781,
            Daniel Carrol    Do

            On the part and behalf of the State of Virginia.

            Richard Henry Lee,
            John Banister,
            Thomas Adams,
            Jno Harvie,
            Francis Lightfoot Lee.

         On the part and behalf of the State of North Carolina.

            John Penn, July 21, 1778,
            Corns. Harnett,
            Jno Williams.

         On the part and behalf of the State of South Carolina.

            Henry Laurens,
            William Henry Drayton,
            Jno Mathews,
            Richard Hutson,
            Thos. Heyward, Junr.

             On the part and behalf of the State of Georgia.

            Jno Walton, 24th July 1778,
            Edwd Telfair,
            Edwd. Langworthy.
                                  ordinance of 1787

            ordinance of 1787

                                        [757]

            ____________________________________________________________

                                  ORDINANCE OF 1787

            ____________________________________________________________

              AN ORDINANCE FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF THE 
                      UNITED STATES NORTHWEST OF THE RIVER OHIO

                      [The Confederate Congress, July 13, 1787]

     757.1      Section 1. Be it ordained by the United States in 
            Congress assembled, That the said Territory, for the purpose 
            of temporary government, by one district, subject, however, 
            to be divided into two districts, as future circumstances 
            may, in the opinion of Congress, make it expedient.
     757.2      Sec. 2. Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That 
            the estates both of resident and non-resident proprietors in 
            the said territory, dying intestate, shall descend to, and 
            be distributed among, their children and the descendants of 
            a deceased child in equal parts, the descendants of a 
            deceased child or grandchild to take the share of their 
            deceased parent in equal parts among them; and where there 
            shall be no children or descendants, then in equal parts to 
            the next of kin, in equal degree; and among collaterals, the 
            children of a deceased brother or sister of the intestate 
            shall have, in equal parts among them, their deceased 
            parent's share; and there shall, in no case, be a 
            distinction between kindred of the whole and half blood; 
            saving in all cases to the widow of the intestate, her third 
            part of the real estate for life, and one-third part of the 
            personal estate; and this law relative to descents and 
            dower, shall remain in full force until altered by the 
            legislature of the district. And until the governor and 
            judges shall adopt laws as hereinafter mentioned, estates in 
            the said territory may be devised or bequeathed by wills in 
            writing, signed and sealed by him or her in whom the estate 
            may be, (being of full age,) and attested by three 
            witnesses; and real estates may be conveyed by lease and 
            release, or bargain and sale, signed, sealed, and delivered 
            by the person, being of full age, in whom the estate may be, 
            and attested by two witnesses, provided such wills be duly 
            proved, and such conveyances be acknowledged, or the 
            execution thereof duly proved, and be recorded within one 
            year after proper magistrates, courts, and registers, shall 
            be appointed for that purpose; and personal property may be 
            transferred by delivery, saving, however, to the French and 
            Canadian inhabitants, and other settlers of the Kaskaskies, 
            Saint Vincents, and the neighboring villages, who have 
            heretofore professed themselves citizens of Virginia, their 
            laws and customs now in force among them, relative to the 
            descent and conveyance of property.
     757.3      Sec. 3. Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That 
            there shall be appointed, from time to time, by Congress, a 
            governor whose commission shall continue in force for the 
            term of three years, unless sooner revoked by Congress; he 
            shall reside in the district, and have a freehold estate 
            therein, in one thousand acres of land, while in the 
            exercise of his office.
     757.4      Sec. 4. There shall be appointed from time to time, by 
            Congress, a secretary, whose commission shall continue in 
            force for four years, unless sooner revoked; he shall reside 
            in the district, and have a freehold estate therein, in five 
            hundred acres of land, while in the exercise of his office. 
            It shall be his duty to keep and preserve the acts and laws 
            passed by the legislature, and the public records of the 
            district, and the proceedings of the governor in his 
            executive department, and transmit authentic copies of such 
            acts and proceedings every six months to the Secretary of 
            Congress. There shall also be appointed a court, to consist 
            of three judges, any two of whom to form a court, who shall 
            have a common-law jurisdiction, and reside in the district, 
            and have each therein a freehold estate, in five hundred 
            acres of land, while in the exercise of their offices; and 
            their commissions shall continue in force during good 
            behavior.
     757.5      Sec. 5. The governor and judges, or a majority of them, 
            shall adopt and publish in the district such laws of the 
            original States, criminal and civil, as may be necessary, 
            and best suited to the circumstances of the district, and 
            report them to Congress from time to time, which laws shall 
            be in force in the district until the organization of the 
            general assembly therein, unless disapproved of by Congress; 
            but afterwards the legislature shall have authority to alter 
            them as they shall think fit.
     757.6      Sec. 6. The governor, for the time being, shall be 
            commander-in-chief of the militia, appoint and commission 
            all officers in the same below the rank of general officers; 
            all general officers shall be appointed, and commissioned by 
            Congress.
     757.7      Sec. 7. Previous to the organization of the general 
            assembly the governor shall appoint such magistrates, and 
            other civil officers, in each county or township, as he 
            shall find necessary for the preservation of the peace and 
            good order in the same. After the general assembly shall be 
            organized the powers and duties of magistrates and other 
            civil officers shall be regulated and defined by the said 
            assembly; but all magistrates and other civil officers, not 
            herein otherwise directed, shall, during the continuance of 
            this temporary government, be appointed by the governor.
     757.8      Sec. 8. For the prevention of crimes and injuries, the 
            laws to be adopted or made shall have force in all parts of 
            the district, and for the execution of process, criminal and 
            civil, the governor shall make proper divisions thereof, and 
            he shall proceed, from time to time, as circumstances may 
            require, to lay out the parts of the district in which the 
            Indian titles shall have been extinguished, into counties 
            and townships, subject, however, to such alterations as may 
            thereafter be made by the legislature.
     757.9      Sec. 9. So soon as there shall be five thousand free 
            male inhabitants, of full age, in the district, upon giving 
            proof thereof to the governor, they shall receive authority, 
            with time and place, to elect representatives from their 
            counties or townships, to represent them in the general 
            assembly: Provided, That for every five hundred free male 
            inhabitants there shall be one representative, and so on, 
            progressively, with the number of free male inhabitants, 
            shall the right of representation increase, until the number 
            of representatives shall amount to twenty-five; after which 
            the number and proportion of representatives shall be 
            regulated by the legislature: Provided, That no person be 
            eligible or qualified to act as a representative, unless he 
            shall have been a citizen of one of the United States three 
            years, and be a resident in the district, or unless he shall 
            have resided in the district three years, and, in either 
            case, shall likewise hold in his own right, in fee-simple, 
            two hundred acres of land within the same: Provided also, 
            That a freehold in fifty acres of land in the district, 
            having been a citizen of one of the States, and being 
            resident in the district, or the like freehold and two 
            years' residence in the district, shall be necessary to 
            qualify a man as an elector of a representative.
    757.10      Sec. 10. The representatives thus elected shall serve 
            for the term of two years; and in case of the death of a 
            representative, or removal from office, the governor shall 
            issue a writ to the county or township, for which he was a 
            member, to elect another in his stead, to serve for the 
            residue of the term.
    757.11      Sec. 11. The general assembly, or legislature, shall 
            consist of the governor, legislative council, and a house of 
            representatives. The legislative council shall consist of 
            five members, to continue in office five years, unless 
            sooner removed by Congress; any three of whom to be a 
            quorum; and the members of the council shall be nominated 
            and appointed in the following manner, to wit: As soon as 
            representatives shall be elected the governor shall appoint 
            a time and place for them to meet together, and, when met 
            they shall nominate ten persons, resident in the district, 
            and each possessed of a freehold in five hundred acres of 
            land, and return their names to Congress, five of whom 
            Congress shall appoint and commission to serve as aforesaid; 
            and whenever a vacancy shall happen in the council, by death 
            or removal from office, the house of representatives shall 
            nominate two persons, qualified as aforesaid, for each 
            vacancy, and return their names to Congress, one of whom 
            Congress shall appoint and commission for the residue of the 
            term; and every five years, four months at least before the 
            expiration of the time of service of the members of the 
            council, the said house shall nominate ten persons, 
            qualified as aforesaid, and return their names to Congress, 
            five of whom Congress shall appoint and commission to serve 
            as members of the council five years, unless sooner removed. 
            And the governor, legislative council, and house of 
            representatives shall have authority to make laws in all 
            cases for the good government of the district, not repugnant 
            to the principles and articles in this ordinance established 
            and declared. And all bills, having passed by a majority in 
            the house, and by a majority in the council, shall be 
            referred to the governor for his assent; but no bill or 
            legislative act whatever, shall be of any force without his 
            assent. The governor shall have power to convene, prorogue, 
            and dissolve the general assembly, when, in his opinion, it 
            shall be expedient.
    757.12      Sec. 12. The governor, judges, legislative council, 
            secretary, and such other officers as Congress shall appoint 
            in the district, shall take an oath or affirmation of 
            fidelity, and of office; the governor before the President 
            of Congress, and all other officers before the governor. As 
            soon as a legislature shall be formed in the district, the 
            council and house assembled, in one room, shall have 
            authority, by joint ballot, to elect a delegate to Congress, 
            who shall have a seat in Congress, with a right of debating, 
            but not of voting, during this temporary government.
    757.13      Sec. 13. And for extending the fundamental principles of 
            civil and religious liberty, which form the basis whereon 
            these republics, their laws and constitutions, are erected; 
            to fix and establish those principles as the basis of all 
            laws, constitutions, and governments, which forever 
            hereafter shall be formed in the said territory; to provide, 
            also, for the establishment of States, and permanent 
            government therein, and for their admission to a share in 
            the Federal councils on an equal footing with the original 
            States, at as early periods as may be consistent with the 
            general interest:
    757.14      Sec. 14. It is hereby ordained and declared, by the 
            authority aforesaid, That the following articles shall be 
            considered as articles of compact, between the original 
            States and the people and States in the said territory, and 
            forever remain unalterable, unless by common consent, to 
            wit:

    757.15                            Article I

                No person, demeaning himself in a peaceable and orderly 
            manner, shall ever be molested on account of his mode of 
            worship, or religious sentiments, in the said territories.

    757.16                           Article II

                The inhabitants of the said territory shall always be 
            entitled to the benefits of the writs of habeas corpus, and 
            of the trial by jury; of a proportionate representation of 
            the people in the legislature, and of judicial proceedings 
            according to the course of the common law. All persons shall 
            be bailable, unless for capital offences, where the proof 
            shall be evident, or the presumption great. All fines shall 
            be moderate; and no cruel or unusual punishments shall be 
            inflicted. No man shall be deprived of his liberty or 
            property, but by the judgment of his peers, or the law of 
            the land, and should the public exigencies make it 
            necessary, for the common preservation, to take any person's 
            property, or to demand his particular services, full 
            compensation shall be made for the same. And, in the just 
            preservation of rights and property, it is understood and 
            declared, that no law ought ever to be made or have force in 
            the said territory, that shall, in any manner whatever, 
            interfere with or affect private contracts, or engagements, 
            bona fide, and without fraud previously formed.

    757.17                           Article III

                Religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to 
            good government, and the happiness of mankind, schools and 
            the means of education shall forever be encouraged. The 
            utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the 
            Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from 
            them without their consent; and in their property, rights, 
            and liberty they never shall be invaded or disturbed, unless 
            in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress; but laws 
            founded in justice and humanity shall, from time to time, be 
            made, for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for 
            preserving peace and friendship with them.

    757.18                           Article IV

                The said territory, and the States which may be formed 
            therein, shall forever remain a part of this confederacy of 
            the United States of America, subject to the Articles of 
            Confederation, and to such alterations therein as shall be 
            constitutionally made; and to all the acts and ordinances of 
            the United States in Congress assembled, conformable 
            thereto. The inhabitants and settlers in the said territory 
            shall be subject to pay a part of the Federal debts, 
            contracted, or to be contracted, and a proportional part of 
            the expenses of government to be apportioned on them by 
            Congress, according to the same common rule and measure by 
            which apportionments thereof shall be made on the other 
            States; and the taxes for paying their proportion shall be 
            laid and levied by the authority and direction of the 
            legislatures of the district or districts, or new States, as 
            in the original States, within the time agreed upon by the 
            United States in Congress assembled. The legislatures of 
            those districts, or new States, shall never interfere with 
            the primary disposal of the soil by the United States in 
            Congress assembled, nor with any regulations Congress may 
            find necessary for securing the title in such soil to the 
            bona-fide purchasers. No tax shall be imposed on lands the 
            property of the United States; and in no case shall non-
            resident proprietors be taxed higher than residents. The 
            navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and Saint 
            Lawrence, and the carrying places between the same, shall be 
            common highways, and forever free, as well to the 
            inhabitants of the said territory as to the citizens of the 
            United States, and those of any other States that may be 
            admitted into the confederacy, without any tax, impost, or 
            duty therefor.
            [Sands v. Manistee River Imp. Co., 123 U.S. 288.]
    757.19                            Article V

                There shall be formed in the said territory not less 
            than three nor more than five States; and the boundaries of 
            the States, as soon as Virginia shall alter her act of 
            cession and consent to the same, shall become fixed and 
            established as follows, to wit: The western State, in the 
            said territory, shall be bounded by the Mississippi, the 
            Ohio, and the Wabash Rivers; a direct line drawn from the 
            Wabash and Post Vincents, due north, to the territorial line 
            between the United States and Canada; and by the said 
            territorial line to the Lake of the Woods and Mississippi. 
            The middle State shall be bounded by the said direct line, 
            the Wabash from Post Vincents to the Ohio, by the Ohio, by a 
            direct line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great 
            Miami to the said territorial line, and by the said 
            territorial line. The eastern State shall be bounded by the 
            last-mentioned direct line, the Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the 
            said territorial line: Provided, however, And it is further 
            understood and declared, that the boundaries of these three 
            States shall be subject so far to be altered that, if 
            Congress shall hereafter find it expedient, they shall have 
            authority to form one or two States in that part of the said 
            territory which lies north of an east and west line drawn 
            through the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan. And 
            whenever any of the said States shall have sixty thousand 
            free inhabitants therein, such State shall be admitted, by 
            its delegates, into the Congress of the United States, on an 
            equal footing with the original States, in all respects 
            whatever; and shall be at liberty to form a permanent 
            constitution and State government: Provided, The 
            constitution and government, so to be formed, shall be 
            republican, and in conformity to the principles contained in 
            these articles, and, so far as it can be consistent with the 
            general interests of the Confederacy, such admission shall 
            be allowed at an earlier period, and when there may be a 
            less number of free inhabitants in the State than sixty 
            thousand.

    757.20                           Article VI

                There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude 
            in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of 
            crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: 
            Provided always, That any person escaping in the same, from 
            whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the 
            original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed, 
            and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor service 
            as aforesaid.
    757.21      Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That the 
            resolutions of the 23d of April, 1784, relative to the 
            subject of this ordinance, be, and the same are hereby, 
            repealed, and declared null and void.
                Done by the United States, in Congress assembled, the 
            13th day of July, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of their 
            sovereignty and independence the 12th.

                                                        Charles Thomson,

                                                                  Sec'y.
                          constitution of the united states

                                        [760]

            ____________________________________________________________

                    CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

            ____________________________________________________________

                                HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

                In May, 1785, a committee of Congress made a report 
            recommending an alteration in the Articles of Confederation, 
            but no action was taken on it, and it was left to the State 
            Legislatures to proceed in the matter. In January, 1786, the 
            Legislature of Virginia passed a resolution providing for 
            the appointment of five commissioners, who, or any three of 
            them, should meet such commissioners as might be appointed 
            in the other States of the Union, at a time and place to be 
            agreed upon, to take into consideration the trade of the 
            United States; to consider how far a uniform system in their 
            commercial regulations may be necessary to their common 
            interest and their permanent harmony; and to report to the 
            several States such an act, relative to this great object, 
            as, when ratified by them, will enable the United States in 
            Congress effectually to provide for the same. The Virginia 
            commissioners, after some correspondence, fixed the first 
            Monday in September as the time, and the city of Annapolis 
            as the place for the meeting, but only four other States 
            were represented, viz: Delaware, New York, New Jersey, and 
            Pennsylvania; the commissioners appointed by Massachusetts, 
            New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Rhode Island failed to 
            attend. Under the circumstances of so partial a 
            representation, the commissioners present agreed upon a 
            report (drawn by Mr. Hamilton, of New York), expressing 
            their unanimous conviction that it might essentially tend to 
            advance the interests of the Union if the States by which 
            they were respectively delegated would concur, and use their 
            endeavors to procure the concurrence of the other States, in 
            the appointment of commissioners to meet at Philadelphia on 
            the second Monday of May following, to take into 
            consideration the situation of the United States; to devise 
            such further provisions as should appear to them necessary 
            to render the Constitution of the Federal Government 
            adequate to the exigencies of the Union; and to report such 
            an act for that purpose to the United States in Congress 
            assembled as, when agreed to by them and afterwards 
            confirmed by the Legislatures of every State, would 
            effectually provide for the same.
                Congress, on the 21st of February, 1787, adopted a 
            resolution in favor of a convention, and the Legislatures of 
            those States which had not already done so (with the 
            exception of Rhode Island) promptly appointed delegates. On 
            the 25th of May, seven States having convened, George 
            Washington, of Virginia, was unanimously elected President, 
            and the consideration of the proposed constitution was 
            commenced. On the 17th of September, 1787, the Constitution 
            as engrossed and agreed upon was signed by all the members 
            present, except Mr. Gerry, of Massachusetts, and Messrs. 
            Mason and Randolph, of Virginia. The president of the 
            convention transmitted it to Congress, with a resolution 
            stating how the proposed Federal Government should be put in 
            operation, and an explanatory letter. Congress, on the 28th 
            of September, 1787, directed the Constitution so framed, 
            with the resolutions and letter concerning the same, to ``be 
            transmitted to the several Legislatures in order to be 
            submitted to a convention of delegates chosen in each State 
            by the people thereof, in conformity to the resolves of the 
            convention.''
                On the 4th of March, 1789, the day which had been fixed 
            for commencing the operations of Government under the new 
            Constitution, it had been ratified by the conventions chosen 
            in each State to consider it, as follows: Delaware, December 
            7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; New Jersey, 
            December 19, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; Connecticut, 
            January 9, 1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland, 
            April 28, 1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, 
            June 21, 1788; Virginia, June 25, 1788; and New York, July 
            26, 1788.
                The President informed Congress, on the 28th of January, 
            1790, that North Carolina had ratified the Constitution 
            November 21, 1789; and he informed Congress on the 1st of 
            June, 1790, that Rhode Island had ratified the Constitution 
            May 29, 1790. Vermont, in convention, ratified the 
            Constitution January 10, 1791, and was, by an act of 
            Congress approved February 18, 1791, ``received and admitted 
            into this Union as a new and entire member of the United 
            States.''
            constitution of the united states

            ____________________________________________________________

                    CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

            ____________________________________________________________
     760.1  We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more 
                perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic 
                Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the 
                general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to 
                ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish 
                this Constitution for the United States of America.


       761                            ARTICLE I

     761.1      Section 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall 
            be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall 
            consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
     761.2      Section 2.\1\ The House of Representatives shall be 
            composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People 
            of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall 
            have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most 
            numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
     761.3      \2\ No Person shall be a Representative who shall not 
            have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been 
            seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall 
            not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which 
            he shall be chosen.
                Note.--The small superior figures designate clauses, and 
            have no reference to footnotes.
     761.4      \3\ *[Representatives and direct Taxes shall be 
            apportioned among the several States which may be included 
            within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, 
            which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of 
            free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of 
            Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all 
            other Persons.] The actual Enumeration shall be made within 
            three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the 
            United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten 
            Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The 
            Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every 
            thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one 
            Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, 
            the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, 
            Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations 
            one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, 
            Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia 
            ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia 
            three.
                *The part included in heavy brackets was repealed by 
            section 2 of amendment XIV, Senate Manual section 784.2.
                                As per act of November 15, 1941, the 
                                    apportionment, based on the 
                                    Sixteenth Census (1940), the 
                                    Seventeenth Census (1950), and the 
                                    Eighteenth Census (1960), 
                                    distributes the 435 seats in the 
                                    House among the States according to 
                                    the method of equal proportions. 
                                    (See Senate Manual section 974.)
     761.5      \4\ When vacancies happen in the Representation from any 
            State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of 
            Election to fill such Vacancies.
     761.6      \5\ The House of Representatives shall chuse their 
            Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of 
            Impeachment.
     761.7      \1\ Section 3. *The Senate of the United States shall be 
            composed of two Senators from each State, [chosen by the 
            Legislature] thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall 
            have one Vote.
                *The part included in heavy brackets was changed by 
            clause 1 of amendment XVII, Senate Manual section 787.1.
     761.8      \2\ Immediately after they shall be assembled in 
            Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as 
            equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the 
            Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the 
            Expiration of the Second Year, of the second Class at the 
            Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the 
            Expiration of the sixth Year; so that one-third may be 
            chosen every second Year; [and if Vacancies happen by 
            Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the 
            Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make 
            temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the 
            Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies].**
                **The part included in heavy brackets was changed by 
            clause 2 of amendment XVII, Senate Manual section 787.2.
     761.9      \3\ No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have 
            attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a 
            Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when 
            elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall 
            be chosen.
    761.10      \4\ The Vice President of the United States shall be 
            President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they 
            be equally divided.
    761.11      \5\ The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and 
            also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice 
            President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President 
            of the United States.
    761.12      \6\ The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all 
            Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be 
            on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United 
            States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no 
            Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two-
            thirds of the Members present.
    761.13      \7\ Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend 
            further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to 
            hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust, or Profit under 
            the United States: but the Party convicted shall 
            nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, 
            Judgment, and Punishment, according to Law.
    761.14      Section 4. \1\ The Time, Places and Manner of holding 
            Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be 
            prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the 
            Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such 
            Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.
    761.15      \2\ The Congress shall assemble at least once in every 
            Year, and such Meeting shall [be on the first Monday in 
            December,] unless they shall by Law appoint a different 
            Day.*
                *The part included in heavy brackets was changed by 
            Section 2 of amendment XX, Senate Manual section 790.2.
    761.16      Section 5. \1\ Each House shall be the Judge of the 
            Elections, Returns, and Qualifications of its own Members, 
            and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do 
            Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, 
            and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent 
            Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each 
            House may provide.
    761.17      \2\ Each House may determine the Rules of its 
            Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behavior, 
            and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.
    761.18      \3\ Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, 
            and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts 
            as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and 
            Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, 
            at the Desire of one fifth of those Present be entered on 
            the Journal.
    761.19      \4\ Neither House, during the Session of Congress, 
            shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more 
            than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which 
            the two Houses shall be sitting.
    761.20      Section 6. \1\ The Senators and Representatives shall 
            receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained 
            by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. 
            They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach 
            of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their 
            Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in 
            going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or 
            Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any 
            other Place.
    761.21      \2\ No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time 
            for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office 
            under the Authority of the United States, which shall have 
            been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been 
            encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office 
            under the United States, shall be a Member of either House 
            during his Continuance in Office.
    761.22      Section 7. \1\ All Bills for raising Revenue shall 
            originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate 
            may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
    761.23      \2\ Every Bill which shall have passed the House of 
            Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a 
            Law, be presented to the President of the United States; if 
            he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, 
            with his Objections to that House in which it shall have 
            originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their 
            Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such 
            Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass 
            the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to 
            the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, 
            and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become 
            a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall 
            be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons 
            voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the 
            Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be 
            returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) 
            after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be 
            a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the 
            Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which 
            Case it shall not be a Law.
    761.24      \3\ Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the 
            Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may 
            be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be 
            presented to the President of the United States; and before 
            the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or 
            being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of 
            the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the 
            Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
    761.25      Section 8. \1\ The Congress shall have Power To lay and 
            collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts 
            and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of 
            the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall 
            be uniform throughout the United States;
    761.26      \2\ To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
    761.27      \3\ To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among 
            the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;
    761.28      \4\ To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and 
            uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the 
            United States;
    761.29      \5\ To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of 
            foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;
    761.30      \6\ To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the 
            Securities and current Coin of the United States;
    761.31      \7\ To establish Post Offices and post Roads;
    761.32      \8\ To promote  the Progress of Science and useful Arts, 
            by  securing  for  limited  Times  to  Authors  and  
            Inventors  the exclusive Right to their respective Writings 
            and Discoveries;
    761.33      \9\ To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme 
            Court;
    761.34      \10\ To define and punish Piracies and Felonies 
            committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of 
            Nations;
    761.35      \11\ To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and 
            Reprisal and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and 
            Water;
    761.36      \12\ To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation 
            of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two 
            Years;
    761.37      \13\ To provide and maintain a Navy;
    761.38      \14\ To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of 
            the land and naval Forces;
    761.39      \15\ To provide  for calling forth the Militia to 
            execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and 
            repel Invasions;
    761.40      \16\ To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining 
            the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be 
            employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to 
            the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, 
            and the Authority of training the Militia according to the 
            discipline prescribed by Congress;
    761.41      \17\ To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases 
            whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles 
            square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the 
            acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of 
            the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all 
            Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the 
            State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, 
            Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful 
            Buildings;--And
    761.42      \18\ To make all Laws which shall be necessary and 
            proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and 
            all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the 
            Government of the United States, or in any Department or 
            Officer thereof.
    761.43      Section 9. \1\ The Migration or Importation of Such 
            Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper 
            to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to 
            the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or 
            duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten 
            dollars for each Person.
    761.44      \2\ The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not 
            be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion 
            the public Safety may require it.
    761.45      \3\ No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be 
            passed.
    761.46      *\4\ No capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, 
            unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein 
            before directed to be taken.
                *See also amendment XVI, Senate Manual section 786.
    761.47      \5\ No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported 
            from any State.
    761.48      \6\ No preference shall be given by any Regulation of 
            Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of 
            another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State be 
            obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.
    761.49      \7\ No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in 
            Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular 
            Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of 
            all public Money shall be published from time to time.
    761.50      \8\ No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United 
            States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust 
            under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, 
            accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any 
            kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.
    761.51      Section 10.\1\ No State shall enter into any Treaty, 
            Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and 
            Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing 
            but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass 
            any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing 
            the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.
    761.52      \2\ No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, 
            lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what 
            may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection 
            Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by 
            any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the 
            Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be 
            subject to the Revision and Control of the Congress.
    761.53      \3\ No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay 
            any duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of 
            Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another 
            State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless 
            actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not 
            admit of delay.

 
                                           

                                     ARTICLE II

     762.1      Section 1. \1\ The executive Power shall be vested in a 
            President of the United States of America. He shall hold his 
            Office during the Term of four years, and, together 
            with the Vice-President, chosen for the same Term, be 
            elected, as follows:
                See also amendment XXII, Senate Manual section 
            792.
     762.2      \2\ Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the 
            Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal 
            to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which 
            the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or 
            Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or 
            Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an 
            Elector.
     762.3      *[The Electors shall meet in their respective States, 
            and vote by Ballot for two persons, of whom one at least 
            shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with 
            themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons 
            voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List 
            they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat 
            of the Government of the United States, directed to the 
            President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, 
            in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
            open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be 
            counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes 
            shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the 
            whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more 
            than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of 
            Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately 
            chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person 
            have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the 
            said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in 
            chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, 
            the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum 
            for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from 
            two-thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States 
            shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the 
            Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest 
            Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. 
            But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, 
            the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice-
            President.]
                *This paragraph has been superseded by amendment XII, 
            Senate Manual section 782.
     762.4      \3\ The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the 
            Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; 
            which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.
     762.5      \4\ No person except a natural born Citizen, or a 
            Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of 
            this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of 
            President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that 
            Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty-five 
            Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United 
            States.
     762.6      \5\ In case of the Removal of the President from Office, 
            or of his Death, resignation, or Inability to discharge the 
            Powers and Duties of the said Office, the same shall 
            devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law 
            provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or 
            Inability, both of the President and Vice President, 
            declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such 
            Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be 
            removed, or a President shall be elected.
                See also amendment XXV, Senate Manual section 
            795.
     762.7      \6\ The President shall, at stated Times, receive for 
            his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be 
            encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he 
            shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within 
            that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or 
            any of them.
     762.8      \7\ Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he 
            shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:--``I do 
            solemly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
            Office of President of the United States, and will to the 
            best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the 
            Constitution of the United States.''
     762.9      Section 2. \1\ The President shall be Commander in Chief 
            of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the 
            Militia of the several States, when called into the actual 
            Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in 
            writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive 
            Departments, upon any subject relating to the Duties of 
            their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant 
            Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United 
            States, except in Cases of Impeachment.
    762.10      \2\ He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and 
            Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds 
            of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and 
            by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall 
            appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, 
            Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the 
            United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise 
            provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the 
            Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior 
            Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in 
            the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.
    762.11      \3\ The President shall have Power to fill up all 
            Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, 
            by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of 
            their next Session.
    762.12      Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the 
            Congress Information of the State of the Union, and 
            recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall 
            judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary 
            Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in 
            Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time 
            of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall 
            think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public 
            Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully 
            executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the 
            United States.
    762.13      Section 4. The President, Vice President and all civil 
            Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office 
            on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or 
            other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

       763                           ARTICLE III

     763.1      Section 1. The judicial Power of the United States, 
            shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior 
            Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and 
            establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior 
            Courts, shall hold their offices during good Behaviour, and 
            shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a 
            Compensation which shall not be diminished during their 
            Continuance in Office.
     763.2      Section 2. \1\ The judicial Power shall extend to all 
            Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, 
            the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which 
            shall be made, under their Authority;--to all Cases 
            affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--
            to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to 
            Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;--
            to Controversies between two or more States;--between a 
            State and Citizens of another State;--between Citizens of 
            different States;--between Citizens of the same State 
            claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between 
            a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, 
            Citizens or Subjects.
     763.3      \2\ In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public 
            Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be 
            Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. 
            In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court 
            shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, 
            with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the 
            Congress shall make.
     763.4      \3\ The trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of 
            Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held 
            in the State where the said Crimes shall have been 
            committed; but when not committed within any State, the 
            Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may 
            by Law have directed.
     763.5      Section 3. \1\ Treason against the United States, shall 
            consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to 
            their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall 
            be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two 
            Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open 
            Court.
     763.6      \2\ The Congress shall have power to declare the 
            Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall 
            work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the 
            Life of the Person attainted.

       764                           ARTICLE IV

     764.1      Section 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each 
            State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings 
            of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws 
            prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and 
            Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
     764.2      Section 2. \1\ The Citizens of each State shall be 
            entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the 
            several States.
     764.3      \2\ A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, 
            or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in 
            another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of 
            the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed 
            to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
     764.4      \3\ [No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, 
            under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in 
            Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged 
            from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on 
            Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be 
            due.]*
                *This paragraph has been superseded by amendment XIII, 
            Senate Manual section 783.
     764.5      Section 3. \1\ New States may be admitted by the 
            Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed 
            or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor 
            any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, 
            or parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures 
            of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
     764.6      \2\ The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make 
            all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory 
            of other Property belonging to the United States; and 
            nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to 
            Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any 
            particular State.
     764.7      Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every 
            State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and 
            shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on 
            Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when 
            the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic 
            Violence.
                                      ARTICLE V

       765      The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall 
            deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this 
            Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of 
            two-thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention 
            for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be 
            valid to all Intents and Purposes, as part of this 
            Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-
            fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three-
            fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of 
            Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that 
            no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One 
            thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect 
            the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the 
            first Article, and that no State without its Consent, shall 
            be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.


       766                           ARTICLE VI

     766.1      \1\ All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, 
            before the Adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid 
            against the United States under this Constitution, as under 
            the Confederation.
     766.2      \2\ This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States 
            which shall be made in Pursuance thereof, and all Treaties 
            made, or which shall be made, under Authority of the United 
            States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land, and the Judges 
            in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the 
            Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary 
            notwithstanding.
     766.3      \3\ The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, 
            and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all 
            executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States 
            and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or 
            Affirmation, to support this constitution; but no religious 
            Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office 
            or public Trust under the United States.


       767                           ARTICLE VII

                The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall 
            be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution 
            between the States so ratifying the Same.
       768  Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States 
                present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of 
                our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and 
                of the Independence of the United States of America the 
                Twelfth. In witness whereof We have here unto subscribed 
                our Names,

                                                        G o WASHINGTON--

                           Presidt. and deputy from Virginia.

                                    New Hampshire

            John Langdon,
            Nicholas Gilman.

                                    Massachusetts

            Nathaniel Gorham,
            Rufus King.

                                     Connecticut

            Wm. Saml. Johnson,
            Roger Sherman.

                                      New York

            Alexander Hamiltion.
              

                                     New Jersey

            Wil: Livingston,
            David Brearley,
            Wm. Paterson,
            Jona. Dayton.

                                    Pennsylvania

            B. Franklin,
            Robt. Morris,
            Tho: Fitzsimons,
            James Wilson,
            Thomas Mifflin,
            Geo: Clymer,
            Jared Ingersoll,
            Gouv: Morris.

                                      Delaware

            Geo: Read,
            John Dickinson,
            Jaco: Broom,
            Gunning Bedford, Jun'r,
            Richard Bassett.

                                      Maryland

            James M'Henry,
            Danl Carroll,
            Dan: of St. Thos. Jenifer.

                                      Virginia

            John Blair,
            James Madison, Jr.

                                   North Carolina

            Wm. Blount,
            Hu. Williamson,
            Rich'd Dobbs Spaight.

                                   South Carolina

            J. Rutledge,
              
            Charles Pinckney,
            Charles Cotesworth
              Pinckney,
            Pierce Butler.

                                       Georgia

            William Few,
              
                Attest:
            Abr. Baldwin.
              
            William Jackson, Secretary.

       769                RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION

                The Constitution was adopted by a convention of the 
            States September 17, 1787, and was subsequently ratified by 
            the several States, in the following order, viz:
                Delaware, December 7, 1787, yeas, 30 (unanimous).
                Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787, yeas, 46; nays, 23.
                New Jersey, December 18, 1787, yeas, 38 (unanimous).
                Georgia, January 2, 1788, yeas, 26 (unanimous).
                Connecticut, January 9, 1788, yeas, 128; nays, 40.
                Massachusetts, February 6, 1788, yeas, 187; nays, 168.
                Maryland, April 28, 1788, yeas, 63; nays, 11.
                South Carolina, May 23, 1788, yeas, 149; nays, 73.
                New Hampshire, June 21, 1788, yeas, 57; nays, 46.
                Virginia, June 25, 1788, yeas, 89; nays, 79.
                New York, July 26, 1788, yeas, 30; nays, 27.
                North Carolina, November 21, 1789, yeas, 184; nays, 77.
                Rhode Island, May 29, 1790, yeas, 34; nays, 32.

            ____________________________________________________________
            constitution of the united states

                                        [770]


            ____________________________________________________________

            articles in addition to, and amendment of, the constitution 
                of the united states of america, proposed by congress, 
                and ratified by the legislatures of the several states, 
                pursuant to the fifth article of the original 
                constitution\1\
                \1\In Dillon v. Gloss, 256 U.S. 368[1921], the Supreme 
            Court stated that it would take judicial notice of the date 
            on which a State ratified a proposed constitutional 
            amendment. Accordingly the Court consulted the State 
            journals to determine the dates on which each house of the 
            legislature of certain States ratified the Eighteenth 
            amendment. It, therefore, follows that the date on which the 
            governor approved the ratification, or the date on which the 
            secretary of state of a given State certified the 
            ratification, or the date on which the Secretary of State of 
            the United States received a copy of said certificate, or 
            the date on which he proclaimed that the amendment had been 
            ratified are not controlling. Hence, the ratification date 
            given on the following pages is the date on which the 
            legislature of a given State approved the particular 
            amendment (signature by the speaker or presiding officers of 
            both houses being considered a part of the ratification of 
            the ``legislature''). When that date is not available, the 
            date given is that on which it was approved by the governor 
            or certified by the secretary of state of the particular 
            State. In each case such fact has been noted. Information as 
            to ratification is based on data supplied by the Department 
            of State and the General Services Administration.

            ____________________________________________________________
       771                        AMENDMENT [I] \2\

                Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment 
            of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or 
            abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the 
            right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition 
            the Government for a redress of grievances.
                \2\Brackets enclosing an amendment number indicate that 
            the number was not specifically assigned in the resolution 
            proposing the amendment. It will be seen, accordingly, that 
            only amendments XIII, XIV, XV, and XVI were thus technically 
            ratified by number.

       772                         AMENDMENT [II]

                A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the 
            security of a free State, the right of the people to keep 
            and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

       773                         AMENDMENT [III]

                No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any 
            house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, 
            but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

       774                         AMENDMENT [IV]

                The right of the people to be secure in their persons, 
            houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches 
            and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall 
            issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or 
            affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be 
            searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

       775                          AMENDMENT [V]

                No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or 
            other wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or 
            indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the 
            land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual 
            service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any 
            person be subject for the same offenses to be twice put in 
            jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any 
            criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be 
            deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process 
            of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, 
            without just compensation.

       776                         AMENDMENT [VI]

                In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy 
            the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury 
            of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been 
            committed, which district shall have been previously 
            ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and 
            cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses 
            against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining 
            witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of 
            Counsel for his defence.

       777                         AMENDMENT [VII]

                In suits at common law, where the value in controversy 
            shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury 
            shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be 
            otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than 
            according to the rules of the common law.

       778                        AMENDMENT [VIII]

                Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive 
            fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

       779                         AMENDMENT [IX]

                The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, 
            shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained 
            by the people.

       780                          AMENDMENT [X]

                The powers not delegated to the United States by the 
            Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are 
            reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

                The first 10 amendments\3\ to the Constitution (i.e. 
            nos. 3 to 12 of those proposed) were ratified by the several 
            State legislatures on the following dates: New Jersey, 
            November 20, 1789; Maryland, December 19, 1789; North 
            Carolina, December 22, 1789; South Carolina, January 19, 
            1790; New Hampshire, January 25, 1790; Delaware, January 28, 
            1790; New York, February 27, 1790; Pennsylvania, March 10, 
            1790; Rhode Island, June 7, 1790; Vermont, November 3, 1791; 
            Virginia, December 15, 1791; Massachusetts, March 2, 1939; 
            Georgia, March 18, 1939; Connecticut, April 19, 1939.
                \3\The first 10 amendments, along with 2 others, were 
            proposed by Congress on September 25, 1789, when they passed 
            the Senate [1 Ann. Cong. (1st Cong., 1st sess.) 90], having 
            previously passed the House on September 24 [Id., 948]. They 
            appear officially in 1 Stat. 97. Ratification was completed 
            on December 15, 1791, when the eleventh State (Virginia) 
            approved these amendments, there being then 14 States in the 
            Union. On March 1, 1792, Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of 
            State, addressed letters to the Governors of the several 
            States, advising them of the said ratifications (National 
            Archives, Department of State, American Letters, IV, 355).
                Proposal no. 1 prescribed the ratio of representation to 
            population in the House and was ratified by 10 states (1 
            short of the requisite number). Proposal no. 2 later 
            achieved ratification and became Amendment XXVII, Senate 
            Manual Section 797.
                *By Council of Revision. State legislature approved Feb. 
            24, 1790.
                  
       781                         AMENDMENT [XI]

                The Judicial power of the United States shall not be 
            construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced 
            or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens 
            of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign 
            State.
                The eleventh amendment\4\ was ratified by the several 
            State legislatures on the following dates: New York, March 
            27, 1794; Rhode Island, March 31, 1794; Connecticut, May 8, 
            1794; New Hampshire, June 16, 1794; Massachusetts, June 26, 
            1794; Vermont, between October 9 and November 9, 1794; 
            Virginia, November 18, 1794; Georgia, November 29, 1794; 
            Kentucky, December 7, 1794; Maryland, December 26, 1794; 
            Delaware, January 23, 1795; North Carolina, February 7, 
            1795; South Carolina, December 4, 1797 [State Department, 
            Press Releases, vol. XII, p. 247 (1935)].
                \4\The eleventh amendment was proposed by Congress on 
            March 4, 1794, when it passed the House [4 Ann. Cong. (3d 
            Cong., 1st sess.) 477, 478], having previously passed the 
            Senate on January 14 [Id., 30, 31]. It appears officially in 
            1 Stat. 402. Ratification was completed on February 7, 1795, 
            when the twelfth State (North Carolina) approved the 
            amendment, there being then 15 States in the Union. Official 
            announcement of ratification was not made until January 8, 
            1798, when President John Adams in a message to Congress 
            stated that the eleventh amendment had been adopted by 
            three-fourths of the States and that it ``may now be deemed 
            to be part of the Constitution'' [1 Mess. and Papers of 
            Pres. 250]. In the interim South Carolina had ratified, and 
            Tennessee had been admitted into the Union as the sixteenth 
            State.
                  
       782                         AMENDMENT [XII]

                The electors shall meet in their respective states, and 
            vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of 
            whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state 
            with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person 
            voted for, as President, and in distinct ballots the person 
            voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct 
            lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all 
            persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of 
            votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and 
            transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
            States, directed to the President of the Senate;--The 
            President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate 
            and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and 
            the votes shall then be counted;--The person having the 
            greatest number of votes for President, shall be the 
            President, if such number be a majority of the whole number 
            of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, 
            then from the persons having the highest numbers not 
            exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, 
            the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by 
            ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the 
            votes shall be taken by states the representation from each 
            state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall 
            consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the 
            states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary 
            to a choice.\5\ [And if the House of Representatives shall 
            not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall 
            devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next 
            following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, 
            as in the case of the death or other constitutional 
            disability of the President.]--The person having the 
            greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the 
            Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole 
            number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a 
            majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the 
            Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the 
            purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of 
            Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be 
            necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally 
            ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to 
            that of Vice-President of the United States.
                \5\The part included in heavy brackets has been 
            superseded by section 3 of amendment XX, Senate Manual 
            section 790.3.
                The twelfth amendment\6\ was ratified by the several 
            State legislatures on the following dates: North Carolina, 
            December 22, 1803; Maryland, December 24, 1803; Kentucky, 
            December 27, 1803; Ohio, between December 5 and December 30, 
            1803; Pennsylvania, January 5, 1804; Vermont, January 30, 
            1804; Virginia, between December 20, 1803 and February 3, 
            1804; New York, February 10, 1804; New Jersey, February 22, 
            1804; Rhode Island, between February 27 and March 12, 1804; 
            South Carolina, May 15, 1804; Georgia, May 19, 1804; New 
            Hampshire, June 15, 1804; Tennessee, July 27, 1804. The 
            amendment was rejected by Delaware on January 18, 1804; and 
            by Connecticut at its session begun May 10, 1804; 
            Massachusetts ratified this amendment in 1961 (after having 
            rejected it on February 3, 1804).
                \6\The twelfth amendment was proposed by Congress on 
            December 9, 1803, when it passed the House [13 Ann. Cong. 
            (8th Cong., 1st sess.) 775, 776], having previously passed 
            the Senate on December 2 [Id., 209]. It was not signed by 
            the presiding officers of the House and Senate until 
            December 12. It appears officially in 2 Stat. 306. 
            Ratification was probably completed on June 15, 1804, when 
            the legislature of the thirteenth State (New Hampshire) 
            approved the amendment, there being then 17 States in the 
            Union. The Governor of New Hampshire, however, vetoed this 
            act of the legislature on June 20, and the act failed to 
            pass again by two-thirds vote then required by the State 
            constitution. Inasmuch as article V of the Federal 
            Constitution specifies that amendments shall become 
            effective ``when ratified by the legislatures of three-
            fourths of the several States or by conventions in three-
            fourths thereof,'' it has been generally believed that an 
            approval or veto by a Governor is without significance. If 
            the ratification by New Hampshire be deemed ineffective, 
            then the amendment became operative by Tennessee's 
            ratification on July 27, 1804. On September 25, 1804, in a 
            circular letter to the Governors of the several States, 
            Secretary of State Madison declared the amendment ratified 
            by three-fourths of the States.

       783                         AMENDMENT XIII

     783.1      Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, 
            except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall 
            have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United 
            States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
     783.2      Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this 
            article by appropriate legislation.
                The thirteenth amendment\7\ was ratified by the several 
            State legislatures on the following dates: Illinois, 
            February 1, 1865; Rhode Island, February 2, 1865; Michigan, 
            February 2, 1865; Maryland, February 3, 1865; New York, 
            February 3, 1865; West Virginia, February 3, 1865; Missouri, 
            February 6, 1865; Maine, February 7, 1865; Kansas, February 
            7, 1865; Massachusetts, February 7, 1865; Pennsylvania, 
            February 8, 1865; Virginia, February 9, 1865; Ohio, February 
            10, 1865; Louisiana, February 15 or 16, 1865; Indiana, 
            February 16, 1865; Nevada, February 16, 1865; Minnesota, 
            February 23, 1865; Wisconsin, February 24, 1865; Vermont, 
            March 9, 1865 (date on which it was ``approved'' by 
            Governor); Tennessee, April 7, 1865; Arkansas, April 14, 
            1865; Connecticut, May 4, 1865; New Hampshire, June 30, 
            1865; South Carolina, November 13, 1865; Alabama, December 
            2, 1865 (date on which it was ``approved'' by Provisional 
            Governor); North Carolina, December 4, 1865; Georgia, 
            December 6, 1865; Oregon, December 11, 1865; California, 
            December 15, 1865; Florida, December 28, 1865 (Florida again 
            ratified this amendment on June 9, 1868, upon its adoption 
            of a new constitution); Iowa, January 17, 1866; New Jersey, 
            January 23, 1866 (after having rejected the amendment on 
            March 16, 1865); Texas, February 17, 1870; Delaware, 
            February 12, 1901 (after having rejected the amendment on 
            February 8, 1865); Kentucky, March 18, 1976 (after having 
            rejected the amendment on February 24, 1865). The amendment 
            was rejected by Mississippi on December 2, 1865.
                \7\The thirteenth amendment was proposed by Congress on 
            January 31, 1865, when it passed the House [Cong. Globe 
            (38th Cong., 2d sess.) 531], having previously passed the 
            Senate on April 8, 1864 [Id. (38th cong., 1st sess.) 1490]. 
            It appears officially in 13 Stat. 567 under date of February 
            1, 1865. Ratification was completed on December 6, 1865, 
            when the legislature of the twenty-seventh State (Georgia) 
            approved the amendment, there being then 36 States in the 
            Union. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State Seward 
            certified that the thirteenth amendment had become a part of 
            the Constitution [13 Stat. 774].
                A ``thirteenth amendment'' depriving of United States 
            citizenship any citizen who should accept any title, office, 
            or emolument from a foreign power, was proposed by Congress 
            on May 1, 1810, when it passed the House [21 Ann. Cong. 
            (11th Cong., 2d sess.) 2050], having previously passed the 
            Senate on April 27 [20 Ann. Cong. (11th Cong., 2d sess.) 
            672]. It appears officially in 2 Stat. 613. It failed of 
            adoption, being ratified by but 12 States up to December 10, 
            1812 [2 Miscell. Amer. State Papers, 477-479; 2 Doc. Hist. 
            Const. 454-499], there then being 18 in all.
                Another ``thirteenth amendment'', forbidding any future 
            amendment that should empower Congress to interfere with the 
            domestic institution of any State, was proposed by Congress 
            on March 2, 1861, when it passed the Senate [Cong. Globe 
            (36th Cong., 2d sess.) 1403], having previously passed the 
            House on February 28 [Id., 1285]. It appears officially in 
            12 Stat. 2512. It failed of adoption, being ratified by but 
            three States: Ohio, May 13, 1861 [58 Laws Ohio 190]; 
            Maryland, January 10, 1862 [Laws Maryland (1861-62) 21]; 
            Illinois, February 14, 1862 [2 Doc. Hist. Const., 518] 
            irregular, because by convention instead of by legislature 
            as authorized by Congress.

       784                          AMENDMENT XIV

     784.1      Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United 
            States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are 
            citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they 
            reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall 
            abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the 
            United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of 
            life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor 
            deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal 
            protection of the laws.
     784.2      Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among 
            the several States according to their respective numbers, 
            counting the whole number of persons in each State, 
            excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at 
            any election for the choice of electors for President and 
            Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in 
            Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or 
            the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of 
            the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years 
            of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
            abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other 
            crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced 
            in the proportion which the number of such male citizens 
            shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one 
            years of age in such State.
     784.3      Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or 
            Representative in Congress, or elector of President and 
            Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under 
            the United States, or under any State, who, having 
            previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an 
            officer of the United States, or as a member of any State 
            legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any 
            State, to support the Constitution of the United States, 
            shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
            same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But 
            Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove 
            such disability.
     784.4      Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United 
            States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for 
            payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing 
            insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But 
            neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay 
            any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or 
            rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the 
            loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, 
            obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
     784.5      Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by 
            appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
                The fourteenth amendment\8\ was ratified by the several 
            State legislatures on the following dates: Connecticut, June 
            30, 1866; New Hampshire, July 7, 1866; Tennessee, July 19, 
            1866; New Jersey, September 11, 1866 (the New Jersey 
            Legislature on February 20, 1868, ``withdrew'' its consent 
            to the ratification; the Governor vetoed that bill on March 
            5, 1868, and it was repassed over his veto on March 24, 
            1868; and on Nov. 12, 1980, the Legislature expressed 
            support for the amendment); Oregon, September 19, 1866 
            (Oregon ``withdrew'' its consent on October 15, 1868); 
            Vermont, October 30, 1866; New York, January 10, 1867; Ohio, 
            January 11, 1867 (Ohio ``withdrew'' its consent on January 
            15, 1868), Illinois, January 15, 1867; West Virginia, 
            January 16, 1867; Michigan, January 16, 1867; Kansas, 
            January 17, 1867; Minnesota, January 17, 1867; Maine, 
            January 19, 1867; Nevada, January 22, 1867; Indiana, January 
            23, 1867; Missouri, January 26, 1867 (date on which it was 
            certified by the Missouri secretary of state); Rhode Island, 
            February 7, 1867; Pennsylvania, February 12, 1867; 
            Wisconsin, February 13, 1867 (actually passed February 7, 
            but not signed by legislative officers until February 13); 
            Massachusetts, March 20, 1867; Nebraska, June 15, 1867; 
            Iowa, March 9, 1868; Arkansas, April 6, 1868; Florida, June 
            9, 1868; North Carolina, July 2, 1868 (after having rejected 
            the amendment on December 13, 1866); Louisiana, July 9, 1868 
            (after having rejected the amendment on February 6, 1867); 
            South Carolina, July 9, 1868 (after having rejected the 
            amendment on December 20, 1866); Alabama, July 13, 1868 
            (date on which it was ``approved'' by the Governor); 
            Georgia, July 21, 1868 (after having rejected the amendment 
            on November 9, 1866--Georgia ratified again on February 2, 
            1870); Virginia, October 8, 1869 (after having rejected the 
            amendment on January 9, 1867); Mississippi, January 17, 
            1870; Texas, February 18, 1870 (after having rejected the 
            amendment on October 27, 1866); Delaware, February 12, 1901 
            (after having rejected the amendment on February 8, 1867); 
            Maryland, April 4, 1959 (after having rejected the amendment 
            on March 23, 1867); California, May 6, 1959; Kentucky, March 
            18, 1976 (after having rejected the amendment on January 8, 
            1867).
                \8\The fourteenth amendment was proposed by Congress on 
            June 13, 1866, when it passed the House [Cong. Globe (39th 
            Cong., 1st sess.) 3148, 3149], having previously passed the 
            Senate on June 8 [Id., 3042]. It appears officially in 14 
            Stat. 358 under date of June 16, 1866. Ratification was 
            probably completed on July 9, 1868, when the legislature of 
            the twenty-eighth State (South Carolina or Louisiana) 
            approved the amendment, there being then 37 States in the 
            Union. However, Ohio and New Jersey had prior to that date 
            ``withdrawn'' their earlier assent to this amendment. 
            Accordingly, Secretary of State Seward on July 20, 1868, 
            certified that the amendment had become a part of the 
            Constitution if the said withdrawals were ineffective [15 
            Stat. 706-707]. Congress at once (July 21, 1868) passed a 
            joint resolution declaring the amendment a part of the 
            Constitution and directing the Secretary to promulgate it as 
            such. On July 28, 1868, Secretary Seward certified without 
            reservation that the amendment was a part of the 
            Constitution. In the interim, two other States, Alabama on 
            July 13 and Georgia on July 21, 1868, had added their 
            ratifications.

       785                          AMENDMENT XV

     785.1      Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to 
            vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or 
            by any State on account of race, color, or previous 
            condition of servitude.
     785.2      Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this 
            article by appropriate legislation.
                The fifteenth amendment\9\ was ratified by the several 
            State legislatures on the following dates: Nevada, March 1, 
            1869; West Virginia, March 3, 1869; North Carolina, March 5, 
            1869; Louisiana, March 5, 1869 (date on which it was 
            ``approved'' by the Governor); Illinois, March 5, 1869; 
            Michigan, March 5, 1869; Wisconsin, March 5, 1869; Maine, 
            March 11, 1869; Massachusetts, March 12, 1869; South 
            Carolina, March 15, 1869; Arkansas, March 15, 1869; 
            Pennsylvania, March 25, 1869; New York, April 14, 1869 (New 
            York ``withdrew'' its consent to the ratification on January 
            5, 1870, which action it rescinded on March 30, 1970); 
            Indiana, May 14, 1869; Connecticut, May 19, 1869; Florida, 
            June 14, 1869; New Hampshire, July 1, 1869; Virginia, 
            October 8, 1869; Vermont, October 20, 1869; Alabama, 
            November 16, 1869; Missouri, January 7, 1870 (Missouri had 
            ratified the first section of the 15th Amendment on March 1, 
            1869; it failed to include in its ratification the second 
            section of the amendment); Minnesota, January 13, 1870; 
            Mississippi, January 17, 1870; Rhode Island, January 18, 
            1870; Kansas, January 19, 1870 (Kansas had by a defectively 
            worded resolution previously ratified this amendment on 
            February 27, 1869); Ohio, January 27, 1870 (after having 
            rejected the amendment on May 4, 1869); Georgia, February 2, 
            1870; Iowa, February 3, 1870; Nebraska, February 17, 1870; 
            Texas, February 18, 1870; New Jersey, February 15, 1871 
            (after having rejected the amendment on February 7, 1870); 
            Delaware, February 12, 1901 (date on which approved by 
            Governor; Delaware had previously rejected the amendment on 
            March 18, 1869); Oregon, February 24, 1959 (after having 
            rejected the amendment on October 26, 1870); California, 
            April 3, 1962 (after having rejected the amendment on 
            January 28, 1870); Maryland, May 7, 1973 (date on which 
            approved by Governor; Maryland had previously rejected the 
            amendment on February 26, 1870); Kentucky, March 18, 1976 
            (after having rejected the amendment on March 12, 1869). The 
            amendment was rejected by Tennessee on November 16, 1869.
                \9\The fifteenth amendment was proposed by Congress on 
            February 26, 1869, when it passed the Senate [Cong. Globe 
            (40th Cong., 3d sess.) 1641], having previously passed the 
            House on February 25 [Id., 1563, 1564]. It appears 
            officially in 15 Stat. 346 under date of February 27, 1869. 
            Ratification was probably completed on February 3, 1870, 
            when the legislature of the twenty-eighth State (Iowa) 
            approved the amendment, there being then 37 States in the 
            Union. However, New York had prior to that date 
            ``withdrawn'' its earlier assent to this amendment. Even if 
            this withdrawal were effective, Nebraska's ratification on 
            February 17, 1870, authorized Secretary of State Fish's 
            certification of March 30, 1870, that the 15th amendment had 
            become a part of the Constitution [16 Stat. 1131].

       786                          AMENDMENT XVI

                The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes 
            on incomes, from whatever source derived, without 
            apportionment among the several States, and without regard 
            to any census or enumeration.
                The sixteenth amendment\10\ was ratified by the several 
            State legislatures on the following dates: Alabama, August 
            10, 1909; Kentucky, February 8, 1910; South Carolina, 
            February 19, 1910; Illinois, March 1, 1910; Mississippi, 
            March 7, 1910; Oklahoma, March 10, 1910; Maryland, April 8, 
            1910; Georgia, August 3, 1910; Texas, August 16, 1910; Ohio, 
            January 19, 1911; Idaho, January 20, 1911; Oregon, January 
            23, 1911; Washington, January 26, 1911; Montana, January 27, 
            1911; Indiana, January 30, 1911; California, January 31, 
            1911; Nevada, January 31, 1911; South Dakota, February 1, 
            1911; Nebraska, February 9, 1911; North Carolina, February 
            11, 1911; Colorado, February 15, 1911; North Dakota, 
            February 17, 1911; Michigan, February 23, 1911; Iowa, 
            February 24, 1911; Kansas, March 2, 1911; Missouri, March 
            16, 1911; Maine, March 31, 1911; Tennessee, April 7, 1911; 
            Arkansas, April 22, 1911 (after having rejected the 
            amendment at the session begun January 9, 1911); Wisconsin, 
            May 16, 1911; New York, July 12, 1911; Arizona, April 3, 
            1912; Minnesota, June 11, 1912; Louisiana, June 28, 1912; 
            West Virginia, January 31, 1913; Delaware, February 3, 1913; 
            Wyoming, February 3, 1913; New Mexico, February 3, 1913; New 
            Jersey, February 4, 1913; Vermont, February 19, 1913; 
            Massachusetts, March 4, 1913; New Hampshire, March 7, 1913 
            (after having rejected the amendment on March 2, 1911). The 
            amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by 
            Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Utah.
                \10\The sixteenth amendment was proposed by Congress on 
            July 12, 1909, when it passed the House [44 Cong. Rec. (61st 
            Cong., 1st sess.) 4390, 4440, 4441], having previously 
            passed the Senate on July 5 [Id., 4121]. It appears 
            officially in 36 Stat. 184. Ratification was completed on 
            February 3, 1913, when the legislature of the thirty-sixth 
            State (Delaware, Wyoming, or New Mexico) approved the 
            amendment, there being then 48 States in the Union. On 
            February 25, 1913, Secretary of State Knox certified that 
            this amendment had become a part of the Constitution [37 
            Stat. 1785].

       787                        AMENDMENT [XVII]

     787.1      The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
            Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for 
            six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The 
            electors in each State shall have the qualifications 
            requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the 
            State legislatures.
     787.2      When vacancies happen in the representation of any State 
            in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall 
            issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, 
            That the legislature of any State may empower the executive 
            thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill 
            the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
                This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect 
            the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes 
            valid as part of the Constitution.
                The seventeenth amendment \11\ was ratified by the 
            several State legislatures on the following dates: 
            Massachusetts, May 22, 1912; Arizona, June 3, 1912; 
            Minnesota, June 10, 1912; New York, January 15, 1913; 
            Kansas, January 17, 1913; Oregon, January 23, 1913; North 
            Carolina, January 25, 1913; California, January 28, 1913; 
            Michigan, January 28, 1913; Iowa, January 30, 1913; Montana, 
            January 30, 1913; Idaho, January 31, 1913; West Virginia, 
            February 4, 1913; Colorado, February 5, 1913; Nevada, 
            February 6, 1913; Texas, February 7, 1913; Washington, 
            February 7, 1913; Wyoming, February 8, 1913; Arkansas, 
            February 11, 1913; Illinois, February 13, 1913; North 
            Dakota, February 14, 1913; Wisconsin, February 18, 1913; 
            Indiana, February 19, 1913; New Hampshire, February 19, 
            1913; Vermont, February 19, 1913; South Dakota, February 19, 
            1913; Maine, February 20, 1913; Oklahoma, February 24, 1913; 
            Ohio, February 25, 1913; Missouri, March 7, 1913; New 
            Mexico, March 13, 1913; Nebraska, March 14, 1913; New 
            Jersey, March 17, 1913; Tennessee, April 1, 1913; 
            Pennsylvania, April 2, 1913; Connecticut, April 8, 1913; 
            Louisiana, June 5, 1914. The amendment was rejected by Utah 
            on February 26, 1913.
                \11\ The seventeenth amendment was proposed by Congress 
            on May 13, 1912, when it passed the House [48 Cong. Rec. 
            (62d Cong., 2d sess.) 6367], having previously passed the 
            Senate on June 12, 1911 [47 Cong. Rec. (62d Cong., 1st 
            sess.) 1925]. It appears officially in 37 Stat. 646. 
            Ratification was completed on April 8, 1913, when the 
            thirty-sixth State (Connecticut) approved the amendment, 
            there being then 48 States in the Union. On May 31, 1913, 
            Secretary of State Bryan certified that it had become a part 
            of the Constitution [38 Stat. 2049].
                *Amendment XVIII was repealed by amendment XXI, Senate 
            Manual section 791.

       788                      [AMENDMENT [XVIII]]*

     788.1      [Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this 
            article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of 
            intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, 
            or the exportation thereof from the United States and all 
            territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage 
            purposes is hereby prohibited.
     788.2      [Section 2. The Congress and the several States shall 
            have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate 
            legislation.
     788.3      [Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it 
            shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution 
            by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in 
            the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the 
            submission hereof to the States by the Congress.]
                The eighteenth amendment \12\ was ratified by the 
            several State legislatures on the following dates: 
            Mississippi, January 8, 1918; Virginia, January 11, 1918; 
            Kentucky, January 14, 1918; North Dakota, January 28, 1918 
            (date on which approved by Governor); South Carolina, 
            January 29, 1918; Maryland, February 13, 1918; Montana, 
            February 19, 1918; Texas, March 4, 1918; Delaware, March 18, 
            1918; South Dakota, March 20, 1918; Massachusetts, April 2, 
            1918; Arizona, May 24, 1918; Georgia, June 26, 1918; 
            Louisiana, August 9, 1918 (date on which approved by 
            Governor); Florida, November 27, 1918; Michigan, January 2, 
            1919; Ohio, January 7, 1919; Oklahoma, January 7, 1919; 
            Idaho, January 8, 1919; Maine, January 8, 1919; West 
            Virginia, January 9, 1919; California, January 13, 1919; 
            Tennessee, January 13, 1919; Washington, January 13, 1919; 
            Arkansas, January 14, 1919; Kansas, January 14, 1919; 
            Illinois, January 14, 1919; Indiana, January 14, 1919; 
            Alabama, January 15, 1919; Colorado, January 15, 1919; Iowa, 
            January 15, 1919; New Hampshire, January 15, 1919; Oregon, 
            January 15, 1919; Nebraska, January 16, 1919; North 
            Carolina, January 16, 1919; Utah, January 16, 1919; 
            Missouri, January 16, 1919; Wyoming, January 16, 1919; 
            Minnesota, January 17, 1919; Wisconsin, January 17, 1919; 
            New Mexico, January 20, 1919; Nevada, January 21, 1919; New 
            York, January 29, 1919; Vermont, January 29, 1919; 
            Pennsylvania, February 25, 1919; Connecticut, May 6, 1919; 
            New Jersey, March 9, 1922. The amendment was rejected (and 
            not subsequently ratified) by Rhode Island.
                \12\ The eighteenth amendment was proposed by Congress 
            on December 18, 1917, when it passed the Senate [Cong. Rec. 
            (65th Cong., 2d sess.) 478], having previously passed the 
            House on December 17 [Id., 470]. It appears officially in 40 
            Stat. 1050. Ratification was completed on January 16, 1919, 
            when the thirty-sixth State approved the amendment, there 
            being then 48 States in the Union. On January 29, 1919, 
            Acting Secretary of State Polk certified that this amendment 
            had been adopted by the requisite number of States [40 Stat. 
            1941]. By its terms this amendment did not become effective 
            until 1 year after ratification.

       789                         AMENDMENT [XIX]

     789.1      The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall 
            not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any 
            State on account of sex.
     789.2      Congress shall have power to enforce this article by 
            appropriate legislation.
                The nineteenth amendment \13\ was ratified by the 
            several State legislatures on the following dates: Illinois, 
            June 10, 1919 (readopted June 17, 1919); Michigan, June 10, 
            1919; Wisconsin, June 10, 1919; Kansas, June 16, 1919; New 
            York, June 16, 1919; Ohio, June 16, 1919; Pennsylvania, June 
            24, 1919; Massachusetts, June 25, 1919; Texas, June 28, 
            1919; Iowa, July 2, 1919 (date on which approved by 
            Governor); Missouri, July 3, 1919; Arkansas, July 28, 1919; 
            Montana, August 2, 1919 (date on which approved by 
            Governor); Nebraska, August 2, 1919; Minnesota, September 8, 
            1919; New Hampshire, September 10, 1919 (date on which 
            approved by Governor); Utah, October 2, 1919; California, 
            November 1, 1919; Maine, November 5, 1919; North Dakota, 
            December 1, 1919; South Dakota, December 4, 1919 (date on 
            which certified); Colorado, December 15, 1919 (date on which 
            approved by Governor); Kentucky, January 6, 1920; Rhode 
            Island, January 6, 1920; Oregon, January 13, 1920; Indiana, 
            January 16, 1920; Wyoming, January 27, 1920; Nevada, 
            February 7, 1920; New Jersey, February 9, 1920; Idaho, 
            February 11, 1920; Arizona, February 12, 1920; New Mexico, 
            February 21, 1920 (date on which approved by Governor); 
            Oklahoma, February 28, 1920; West Virginia, March 10, 1920; 
            Washington, March 22, 1920; Tennessee, August 18, 1920; 
            Connecticut, September 14, 1920 (confirmed September 21, 
            1920); Vermont, February 8, 1921; Delaware, March 6, 1923 
            (after having rejected it on June 2, 1920); Maryland, March 
            29, 1941 (after having rejected it on February 24, 1920, 
            ratification certified on February 25, 1958); Virginia, 
            February 21, 1952 (after having rejected it on February 12, 
            1920); Alabama, September 8, 1953 (after having rejected it 
            on September 22, 1919); Florida, May 13, 1969; South 
            Carolina, July 1, 1969 (after having rejected it on January 
            29, 1920); Georgia, February 20, 1970 (after having rejected 
            it on July 24, 1919); Louisiana, June 11, 1970 (after having 
            rejected it on July 1, 1920); North Carolina, May 6, 1971; 
            Mississippi, March 22, 1984 (after having rejected it on 
            March 29, 1920).
                \13\ The nineteenth amendment was proposed by Congress 
            on June 4, 1919, when it passed the Senate [Cong. Rec. (66th 
            Cong., 1st sess.) 635], having previously passed the House 
            on May 21 [Id., 94]. It appears officially in 41 Stat. 362. 
            Ratification was completed on August 18, 1920, when the 
            thirty-sixth State (Tennessee) approved the amendment, there 
            being then 48 States in the Union. On August 26, 1920, 
            Secretary of State Colby certified that it had become a part 
            of the Constitution [41 Stat. 1823].

       790                         AMENDMENT [XX]

     790.1      Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice-President 
            shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms 
            of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of 
            January, of the years in which such terms would have ended 
            if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of 
            their successors shall then begin.
     790.2      Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in 
            every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d 
            day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different 
            day.
     790.3      Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of 
            the term of the President, the President elect shall have 
            died, the Vice-President elect shall become President. If a 
            President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed 
            for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect 
            shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice-President elect 
            shall act as President until a President shall have 
            qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case 
            wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice-President elect 
            shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as 
            President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be 
            selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a 
            President or Vice-President shall have qualified.
     790.4      Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case 
            of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of 
            Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of 
            choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of 
            the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may 
            choose a Vice-President whenever the right of choice shall 
            have devolved upon them.
     790.5      Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 
            15th day of October following the ratification of this 
            article.
     790.6      Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it 
            shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution 
            by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States 
            within seven years from the date of its submission.
                The twentieth amendment \14\ was ratified by the several 
            State legislatures on the following dates: Virginia, March 
            4, 1932; New York, March 11, 1932; Mississippi, March 16, 
            1932; Arkansas, March 17, 1932; Kentucky, March 17, 1932; 
            New Jersey, March 21, 1932; South Carolina, March 25, 1932; 
            Michigan, March 31, 1932; Maine, April 1, 1932; Rhode 
            Island, April 14, 1932; Illinois, April 21, 1932; Louisiana, 
            June 22, 1932; West Virginia, July 30, 1932; Pennsylvania, 
            August 11, 1932; Indiana, August 15, 1932; Texas, September 
            7, 1932; Alabama, September 13, 1932; California, January 4, 
            1933; North Carolina, January 5, 1933; North Dakota, January 
            9, 1933; Minnesota, January 12, 1933; Arizona, January 13, 
            1933; Montana, January 13, 1933; Nebraska, January 13, 1933; 
            Oklahoma, January 13, 1933; Kansas, January 16, 1933; 
            Oregon, January 16, 1933; Delaware, January 19, 1933; 
            Washington, January 19, 1933; Wyoming, January 19, 1933; 
            Iowa, January 20, 1933; South Dakota, January 20, 1933; 
            Tennessee, January 20, 1933; Idaho, January 21, 1933; New 
            Mexico, January 21, 1933; Georgia, January 23, 1933; 
            Missouri, January 23, 1933; Ohio, January 23, 1933; Utah, 
            January 23, 1933; Colorado, January 24, 1933; Massachusetts, 
            January 24, 1933; Wisconsin, January 24, 1933; Nevada, 
            January 26, 1933; Connecticut, January 27, 1933; New 
            Hampshire, January 31, 1933; Vermont, February 2, 1933; 
            Maryland, March 24, 1933; Florida, April 26, 1933.
                \14\ The twentieth amendment was proposed by Congress on 
            March 2, 1932, when it passed the Senate [Cong. Rec. (72d 
            Cong., 1st sess.) 5086], having previously passed the House 
            on March 1 [Id., 5027]. It appears officially in 47 Stat. 
            745. Ratification was completed on January 23, 1933, when 
            the thirty-sixth State approved the amendment, there being 
            then 48 States in the Union. On February 6, 1933, Secretary 
            of State Stimson certified that it had become a part of the 
            Constitution [47 Stat. 2569].
                A proposed amendment which would authorize Congress to 
            limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons under 18 
            years of age was passed by Congress on June 2, 1924. This 
            proposal at the time it was submitted to the States was 
            referred to as ``the proposed 20th Amendment.'' It appears 
            officially in 43 Stat. 670.
                The status of this proposed amendment is a matter of 
            conflicting opinion. The Kentucky Court of Appeals in Wise 
            v. Chandler (270 Ky. 1 [1937]) has held that it is no longer 
            open to ratification because: (1) Rejected by more than one-
            fourth of the States; (2) a State may not reject and then 
            subsequently ratify, at least when more than one-fourth of 
            the States are on record as rejecting; and (3) more than a 
            reasonable time has elapsed since it was submitted to the 
            States in 1924 (for subsequent litigation in the Chandler 
            case see 303 U.S. 634 and 307 U.S. 474). The Kansas Supreme 
            Court in Coleman v. Miller (146 Kan. 390 [1937]) came to the 
            opposite conclusion.
                On October 1, 1937, 27 States had ratified the proposed 
            amendment. Of these States 10 had previously rejected the 
            amendment on one or more occasions. At least 26 different 
            States have at one time rejected the amendment.

       791                         AMENDMENT [XXI]

     791.1      Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the 
            Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.
     791.2      Section 2. The transportation or importation into any 
            State, Territory, or possession of the United States for 
            delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in 
            violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
     791.3      Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it 
            shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution 
            by conventions in the several States, as provided in the 
            Constitution, within seven years from the date of the 
            submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
                The twenty-first amendment \15\ was ratified by the 
            several State conventions on the following dates: Michigan, 
            April 10, 1933; Wisconsin, April 25, 1933; Rhode Island, May 
            8, 1933; Wyoming, May 25, 1933; New Jersey, June 1, 1933; 
            Delaware, June 24, 1933; Indiana, June 26, 1933; 
            Massachusetts, June 26, 1933; New York, June 27, 1933; 
            Illinois, July 10, 1933; Iowa, July 10, 1933; Connecticut, 
            July 11, 1933; New Hampshire, July 11, 1933; California, 
            July 24, 1933; West Virginia, July 25, 1933; Arkansas, 
            August 1, 1933; Oregon, August 7, 1933; Alabama, August 8, 
            1933; Tennessee, August 11, 1933; Missouri, August 29, 1933; 
            Arizona, September 5, 1933; Nevada, September 5, 1933; 
            Vermont, September 23, 1933; Colorado, September 26, 1933; 
            Washington, October 3, 1933; Minnesota, October 10, 1933; 
            Idaho, October 17, 1933; Maryland, October 18, 1933; 
            Virginia, October 25, 1933; New Mexico, November 2, 1933; 
            Florida, November 14, 1933; Texas, November 24, 1933; 
            Kentucky, November 27, 1933; Ohio, December 5, 1933; 
            Pennsylvania, December 5, 1933; Utah, December 5, 1933; 
            Maine, December 6, 1933; Montana, August 6, 1934. The 
            amendment was rejected by a convention in the State of South 
            Carolina, on December 4, 1933. The electorate of the State 
            of North Carolina voted against holding a convention at a 
            general election held on November 7, 1933.
                \15\ The twenty-first amendment was proposed by Congress 
            on February 20, 1933, when it passed the House [76 Cong. 
            Rec. (72d Cong., 2d sess.) 4516], having previously passed 
            the Senate on February 16 [Id., 4231]. It appears officially 
            in 47 Stat. 1625. Ratification was completed on December 5, 
            1933, when the thirty-sixth State (Utah) approved the 
            amendment, there being then 48 States in the Union. On 
            December 5, 1933, Acting Secretary of State Phillips 
            certified that it had been adopted by the requisite number 
            of States [48 Stat. 1749].
       792                        AMENDMENT [XXII]

     792.1      Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of 
            the President more than twice, and no person who has held 
            the office of President, or acted as President, for more 
            than two years of a term to which some other person was 
            elected President shall be elected to the office of the 
            President more than once. But this Article shall not apply 
            to any person holding the office of President when this 
            Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent 
            any person who may be holding the office of President, or 
            acting as President, during the term within which this 
            Article becomes operative, from holding the office of 
            President or acting as President during the remainder of 
            such term.
     792.2      Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it 
            shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution 
            by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States 
            within seven years from the date of its submission to the 
            States by the Congress.
                The twenty-second amendment \16\ was ratified by the 
            several State legislatures on the following dates: Maine, 
            March 31, 1947; Michigan, March 31, 1947; Iowa, April 1, 
            1947; Kansas, April 1, 1947; New Hampshire, April 1, 1947; 
            Delaware, April 2, 1947; Illinois, April 3, 1947; Oregon, 
            April 3, 1947; Colorado, April 12, 1947; California, April 
            15, 1947; New Jersey, April 15, 1947; Vermont, April 15, 
            1947; Ohio, April 16, 1947; Wisconsin, April 16, 1947; 
            Pennsylvania, April 29, 1947; Connecticut, May 21, 1947; 
            Missouri, May 22, 1947; Nebraska, May 23, 1947; Virginia, 
            January 28, 1948; Mississippi, February 12, 1948; New York, 
            March 9, 1948; South Dakota, January 21, 1949; North Dakota, 
            February 25, 1949; Louisiana, May 17, 1950; Montana, January 
            25, 1951; Indiana, January 29, 1951; Idaho, January 30, 
            1951; New Mexico, February 12, 1951; Wyoming, February 12, 
            1951; Arkansas, February 15, 1951; Georgia, February 17, 
            1951; Tennessee, February 20, 1951; Texas, February 22, 
            1951; Utah, February 26, 1951; Nevada, February 26, 1951; 
            Minnesota, February 27, 1951; North Carolina, February 28, 
            1951; South Carolina, March 13, 1951; Maryland, March 14, 
            1951; Florida, April 16, 1951; Alabama, May 4, 1951. The 
            amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by 
            Oklahoma in June 1947, and Massachusetts on June 9, 1949.
                \16\ The twenty-second amendment was proposed by 
            Congress on March 24, 1947, when the House agreed to Senate 
            amendment [93 Cong. Rec. (80th Cong., 1st sess.) 2389], 
            having previously been passed in the House of 
            Representatives on February 6, 1947 [93 Cong. Rec. (80th 
            Cong., 1st sess.) 872], and in the Senate on March 12, 1947, 
            with an amendment [93 Cong. Rec. (80th Cong., 1st sess.) 
            1978]. Ratification was completed on February 27, 1951, when 
            the legislature of the thirty-sixth State (Minnesota) 
            approved the amendment, there being then forty-eight States 
            in the Union. On March 1, 1951, the Administrator of General 
            Services, Jess Larson, certified that this amendment had 
            become a part of the Constitution.

       793                        AMENDMENT [XXIII]

     793.1      Section 1. The District constituting the seat of 
            Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner 
            as the Congress may direct:
                A number of electors of President and Vice President 
            equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in 
            Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were 
            a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; 
            they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, 
            but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the 
            election of President and Vice President, to be electors 
            appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District 
            and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article 
            of amendment.
     793.2      Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this 
            article by appropriate legislation.
                The twenty-third amendment \17\ was ratified by the 
            several State legislatures on the following dates: Hawaii, 
            June 23, 1960 (technical correction, June 30, 1960); 
            Massachusetts, August 22, 1960; New Jersey, December 19, 
            1960; New York, January 17, 1961; California, January 19, 
            1961; Oregon, January 27, 1961; Maryland, January 30, 1961; 
            Idaho, January 31, 1961; Maine, January 31, 1961; Minnesota, 
            January 31, 1961; New Mexico, February 1, 1961; Nevada, 
            February 2, 1961; Montana, February 6, 1961; Colorado, 
            February 8, 1961; Washington, February 9, 1961; West 
            Virginia, February 9, 1961; Alaska, February 10, 1961; 
            Wyoming, February 13, 1961; South Dakota, February 14, 1961 
            (date of filing in Office of Secretary of State of South 
            Dakota); Delaware, February 20, 1961; Utah, February 21, 
            1961; Wisconsin, February 21, 1961; Pennsylvania, February 
            28, 1961; Indiana, March 3, 1961; North Dakota, March 3, 
            1961; Tennessee, March 6, 1961; Michigan, March 8, 1961; 
            Connecticut, March 9, 1961; Arizona, March 10, 1961; 
            Illinois, March 14, 1961; Nebraska, March 15, 1961; Vermont, 
            March 15, 1961; Iowa, March 16, 1961; Missouri, March 20, 
            1961; Oklahoma, March 21, 1961; Rhode Island, March 22, 
            1961; Kansas, March 29, 1961; Ohio, March 29, 1961; New 
            Hampshire, March 30, 1961 (date in official notice; preceded 
            by ratification on March 29, 1961, which was annulled and 
            then repeated March 29). Arkansas rejected the proposal on 
            January 24, 1961.
                \17\ The twenty-third amendment was proposed by Congress 
            on June 16, 1960, when the Senate agreed to S.J. Res. 39, 
            86th Cong., as passed by the House of Representatives on 
            June 14; which action consisted of substituting H.J. Res. 
            757 for the original text of S.J. Res. 39 [106 Cong. Rec. 
            (86th Cong., 2d sess.) 12571]. S.J. Res. 39 as approved by 
            the Senate on February 2, 1960 [106 Cong. Rec. (86th Cong., 
            2d sess.) 12850-58], for the first time since 1789, proposed 
            several unrelated articles of amendment, though several 
            amendments cover several points in sections of an article; 
            as finally proposed it dealt with a single matter. It 
            appears officially in 74 Stat. 1057 under date of June 16, 
            1960. Ratification was completed on March 29, 1961, when the 
            legislature of the thirty-eighth State (Ohio) approved the 
            amendment, there being then fifty States in the Union. The 
            identity of the thirty-eighth State was in doubt until New 
            Hamphire by ``official notice'' determined March 30 as the 
            date of its ratification. On April 3, 1961, the 
            Administrator of General Services, John L. Moore, certified 
            that this amendment had become a part of the Constitution 
            (26 F.R. 2808 and 75 Stat. 847).

       794                        AMENDMENT [XXIV]

     794.1      Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to 
            vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice 
            President, for electors for President or Vice President, or 
            for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be 
            denied or abridged by the United States or any State by 
            reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
     794.2      Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this 
            article by appropriate legislation.
                The twenty-fourth amendment \18\ was ratified by the 
            several State legislatures on the following dates: Illinois, 
            November 14, 1962; New Jersey, December 3, 1962; Oregon, 
            January 25, 1963; Montana, January 28, 1963; West Virginia, 
            February 1, 1963; New York, February 4, 1963; Maryland, 
            February 6, 1963; California, February 7, 1963; Alaska, 
            February 11, 1963; Rhode Island, February 14, 1963; Indiana, 
            February 19, 1963; Utah, February 20, 1963; Michigan, 
            February 20, 1963; Colorado, February 21, 1963; Ohio, 
            February 27, 1963; Minnesota, February 27, 1963; New Mexico, 
            March 5, 1963; Hawaii, March 6, 1963; North Dakota, March 7, 
            1963; Idaho, March 8, 1963; Washington, March 14, 1963; 
            Vermont, March 15, 1963; Nevada, March 19, 1963; 
            Connecticut, March 20, 1963; Tennessee, March 21, 1963; 
            Pennsylvania, March 25, 1963; Wisconsin, March 26, 1963; 
            Kansas, March 28, 1963; Massachusetts, March 28, 1963; 
            Nebraska, April 4, 1963; Florida, April 18, 1963; Iowa, 
            April 24, 1963; Delaware, May 1, 1963; Missouri, May 13, 
            1963; New Hampshire, June 16, 1962; Kentucky, June 27, 1963; 
            Maine, January 16, 1964; South Dakota, January 23, 1964; 
            Virginia, February 25, 1977; North Carolina, May 3, 1989. 
            Mississippi rejected the proposal on December 20, 1962.
                \18\ The twenty-fourth amendment was proposed by 
            Congress on August 27, 1962, when it passed the House [108 
            Cong. Rec. (87th Cong., 2d sess.) 1767], having previously 
            passed the Senate on March 27, 1962 [Id., 5105]. It appears 
            officially in 76 Stat. 1259 under date of August 29, 1962. 
            Ratification was completed on January 23, 1964, when the 
            legislature of the thirty-eighth State (South Dakota) 
            approved the amendment, there being then fifty States in the 
            Union. On February 4, 1964, the Administrator of General 
            Services, Bernard L. Boutin, certified that this amendment 
            had become a part of the Constitution (29 F.R. 1715).

       795                         AMENDMENT [XXV]

     795.1      Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from 
            office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President 
            shall become President.
     795.2      Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of 
            the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice 
            President who shall take office upon confirmation by a 
            majority vote of both Houses of Congress.
     795.3      Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the 
            President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the 
            House of Representatives his written declaration that he is 
            unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and 
            until he transmits to them a written declaration to the 
            contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the 
            Vice President as Acting President.
     795.4      Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of 
            either the principal officers of the executive departments 
            or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, 
            transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the 
            Speaker of the House of Representatives their written 
            declaration that the President is unable to discharge the 
            powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall 
            immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as 
            Acting President.
                Thereafter, when the President transmits to the 
            President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the 
            House of Representatives his written declaration that no 
            inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of 
            his office unless the Vice President and a majority of 
            either the principal officers of the executive department or 
            of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit 
            within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate 
            and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their 
            written declaration that the President is unable to 
            discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon 
            Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-
            eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the 
            Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter 
            written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, 
            within twenty-one days after Congress is required to 
            assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that 
            the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties 
            of his office, the Vice President shall continue to 
            discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the 
            President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.
                The twenty-fifth amendment \19\ was ratified by the 
            several State legislatures on the following dates: Nebraska, 
            July 12, 1965; Wisconsin, July 13, 1965; Oklahoma, July 16, 
            1965; Massachusetts, August 9, 1965; Pennsylvania, August 
            18, 1965; Kentucky, September 15, 1965; Arizona, September 
            22, 1965; Michigan, October 5, 1965; Indiana, October 20, 
            1965; California, October 21, 1965; Arkansas, November 4, 
            1965; New Jersey, November 29, 1965; Delaware, December 7, 
            1965; Utah, January 17, 1966; West Virginia, January 20, 
            1966; Maine, January 24, 1966; Rhode Island, January 28, 
            1966; Colorado, February 3, 1966; New Mexico, February 3, 
            1966; Kansas, February 8, 1966; Vermont, February 10, 1966; 
            Alaska, February 18, 1966; Idaho, March 2, 1966; Hawaii, 
            March 3, 1966; Virginia, March 8, 1966; Mississippi, March 
            10, 1966; New York, March 14, 1966; Maryland, March 23, 
            1966; Missouri, March 30, 1966; New Hampshire, June 13, 
            1966; Louisiana, July 5, 1966; Tennessee, January 12, 1967; 
            Wyoming, January 25, 1967; Washington, January 26, 1967; 
            Iowa, January 26, 1967; Oregon, February 2, 1967; Minnesota, 
            February 10, 1967; Nevada, February 10, 1967; Connecticut, 
            February 14, 1967; Montana, February 15, 1967; South Dakota, 
            March 6, 1967; Ohio, March 7, 1967; Alabama, March 14, 1967; 
            North Carolina, March 22, 1967; Illinois, March 22, 1967; 
            Texas, April 25, 1967; Florida, May 25, 1967.
                \19\ The twenty-fifth amendment was proposed by Congress 
            on July 6, 1965, when the Senate agreed to a conference 
            report, to which the House had previously agreed on June 30, 
            1965. It appears officially in 79 Stat. 1327. Ratification 
            was completed on February 10, 1967, when the legislature of 
            the thirty-eighth State (Nevada) approved the amendment, 
            there being then fifty States in the Union. On February 23, 
            1967, the Administrator of General Services, Lawson B. 
            Knott, Jr., certified that this amendment had become a part 
            of the Constitution (32 F.R. 3287).

       796                        AMENDMENT [XXVI]

     796.1      Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, 
            who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be 
            denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on 
            account of age.
     796.2      Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this 
            article by appropriate legislation.
                The twenty-sixth amendment \20\ was ratified by the 
            several State legislatures on the following dates: 
            Connecticut, March 23, 1971; Delaware, March 23, 1971; 
            Minnesota, March 23, 1971; Tennessee, March 23, 1971; 
            Washington, March 23, 1971; Hawaii, March 24, 1971; 
            Massachusetts, March 24, 1971; Montana, March 29, 1971; 
            Arkansas, March 30, 1971; Idaho, March 30, 1971; Iowa, March 
            30, 1971; Nebraska, April 2, 1971; New Jersey, April 3, 
            1971; Kansas, April 7, 1971; Michigan, April 7, 1971; 
            Alaska, April 8, 1971; Maryland, April 8, 1971; Indiana, 
            April 8, 1971; Maine, April 9, 1971; Vermont, April 16, 
            1971; Louisiana, April 17, 1971; California, April 19, 1971; 
            Colorado, April 27, 1971; Pennsylvania, April 27, 1971; 
            Texas, April 27, 1971; South Carolina, April 28, 1971; West 
            Virginia, April 28, 1971; New Hampshire, May 13, 1971; 
            Arizona, May 14, 1971; Rhode Island, May 27, 1971; New York, 
            June 2, 1971; Oregon, June 4, 1971; Missouri, June 14, 1971; 
            Wisconsin, June 22, 1971; Illinois, June 29, 1971; Alabama, 
            June 30, 1971; Ohio, June 30, 1971; North Carolina, July 1, 
            1971; Oklahoma, July 1, 1971; Virginia, July 8, 1971; 
            Wyoming, July 8, 1971; Georgia, October 4, 1971.
                \20\ The twenty-sixth amendment was proposed by Congress 
            on March 23, 1971, when it passed the House [117 Cong. Rec. 
            (92d Cong., 1st sess.) 7570], having previously passed the 
            Senate on March 10, 1971 [Id., 5830]. It appears officially 
            in 85 Stat. 825. Ratification was completed on July 1, 1971, 
            when the legislature of the thirty-eighth State (North 
            Carolina) approved the amendment, there being then fifty 
            States in the Union. On July 5, 1971, the Administrator of 
            General Services, Robert L. Kunzig, certified that this 
            amendment had become a part of the Constitution (36 F.R. 
            12725).

       797                        AMENDMENT [XXVII]

     797.1      No law, varying the compensation for the services of the 
            Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an 
            election of Representatives shall have intervened.
     797.2      The twenty-seventh amendment \21\ was ratified by the 
            following States: Maryland, December 19, 1789; North 
            Carolina, December 22, 1789; South Carolina, January 19, 
            1790; Delaware, January 28, 1790; Vermont, November 3, 1791; 
            Virginia, December 15, 1791; Ohio, May 6, 1873; Wyoming, 
            March 6, 1978; Maine, April 27, 1983; Colorado, April 22, 
            1984; South Dakota, February 21, 1985; New Hampshire, March 
            7, 1985; Arizona, April 3, 1985; Tennessee, May 23, 1985, 
            Oklahoma, July 10, 1985; New Mexico, February 14, 1986; 
            Indiana, February 24, 1986; Utah, February 25, 1986; 
            Arkansas, March 6, 1987; Montana, March 17, 1987; 
            Connecticut, May 13, 1987; Wisconsin, July 15, 1987; 
            Georgia, February 2, 1988; West Virginia, March 10, 1988; 
            Louisiana, July 7, 1988; Iowa, February 9, 1989; Idaho, 
            March 23, 1989; Nevada, April 26, 1989; Alaska, May 6, 1989; 
            Oregon, May 19, 1989, Minnesota, May 22, 1989; Texas, May 
            25, 1989; Kansas, April 5, 1990; Florida, May 31, 1990; 
            North Dakota, March 25, 1991; Alabama, May 5, 1992; 
            Missouri, May 5, 1992; Michigan, May 7, 1992; New Jersey, 
            May 7, 1992; Illinois, May 12, 1992; California, June 26, 
            1992; Rhode Island, June 10, 1993.
                \21\ The twenty-seventh amendment was the second of 
            twelve articles proposed by the First Congress on Sept. 25, 
            1789. Ratification was completed on May 7, 1992, when the 
            legislatures of the thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth States 
            (Michigan and New Jersey) approved the amendment, there 
            being then fifty States in the Union. On May 18, 1992, the 
            Archivist of the United States declared this amendment to 
            have become valid. (F.R. Doc. 92-11951, 57 F.R. 21187).
                   index to the constitution of the united states

                                Senate Manual Section

                                       [797.5]

            ____________________________________________________________

                 INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES AND 
                                 AMENDMENTS THERETO

            ____________________________________________________________

                                Senate Manual Section

                                          A

            Absence:
                    Congress, Members (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 1). 761.16
                    Vice President, Senate (art. 1, Sec. 3, 
                        cl. 5)................................ 761.11
            Accused, rights of (amdt. 6)...................... 776
            Actions:
                    Common law (amdt. 7)...................... 777
                    Judicial Power (art. 3, Sec. 2)........... 763.2
            Acts, States, manner of proving (art. 4, Sec. 1).. 764.1
            Adjournment of Congress:
                    Day to Day (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 1)........ 761.16
                    More than three days (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 
                        4).................................... 761.19
                    Questions of (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 3)...... 761.24
                    President (art. 2, Sec. 3)................ 762.12
                    Veto (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 2).............. 761.23
            Admiralty (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 1)................. 763.2
            Advice and consent of Senate (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 
                2)............................................ 762.10
            Age:
                    Eighteen-year-olds, right to vote (amdt. 
                        26)................................... 796
                    President (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 4)......... 762.5
                    Representative (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 2).... 761.3
                    Senator (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 3)........... 761.9
                    Vice President (amdt. 12)................. 782
                                (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 4)........762.5
            Ambassadors:
                    Appointment (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2)....... 762.10
                    Cases affecting (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 2)... 763.3
                    Reception (art. 2, Sec. 3)................ 762.12
            Amendments to Constitution (art. 5)............... 765
            Appointments (art. 2, Sec. 2, cls. 2, 3).......... 762.10-11
            Apportionment:
                    Representatives (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)... 761.4
                                (amdt. 14, Sec. 2).............784.2
                    Taxes (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)............. 761.4
                                (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 4)........761.46
            Appropriations:
                    Army, limitation (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 2).. 761.26
                    Necessity of (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 7)...... 761.49
            Arms, right to bear (amdt. 2)..................... 772
            Army:
                    Appropriations, limitation (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 8, cl. 12)....................... 761.36
                    Commander-in-Chief (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 1) 762.9
                    Congress, power to raise (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                        cl. 12)............................... 761.36
                    Government and regulation (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                        cl. 14)............................... 761.38
                    Indictments (amdt. 5)..................... 775
            Arrest, Representatives and Senators (art. 1, 
                Sec. 6, cl. 1)................................ 761.20
            Arsenals (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 17)................. 761.41
            Arts, Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8)............ 761.32
            Assembly, right of (amdt. 1)...................... 771
            Attainder, Bill of:
                    Congress, prohibition (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 
                        3).................................... 761.45
                    States, prohibition (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.51
                    Treason (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 2)........... 763.6
            Attorneys, right to (amdt. 6)..................... 776
            Authors, right to writings (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8) 761.32

                                          B

            Bail (amdt. 8).................................... 778
            Bankruptcy (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 4)................ 761.28
            Bill of Rights (amdts. 1-10)...................... 771-780
            Bills of credit (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1).......... 761.51
            Bounties (amdt. 14, Sec. 4)....................... 784.4
            Bribery, impeachment (art. 2, Sec. 4)............. 762.13
            Breach of peace, Senator or Representative (art. 
                1, Sec. 6, cl. 1)............................. 761.20

                                          C

            Capital crimes (amdt. 5).......................... 775
            Capitation tax (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 4)............ 761.46
            Captures, congressional rules (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                11)........................................... 761.35
            Census, See Enumeration.
            Chief Justice (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 6)............. 761.12
            Citizens:
                    Birth (amdt. 14, Sec. 1).................. 784.1
                    Defined (amdt. 14, Sec. 1)................ 784.1
                    Due process (amdt. 14, Sec. 1)............ 784.1
                    Equal protection (amdt. 14, Sec. 1)....... 784.1
                    Judicial power of United States (art. 3, 
                        Sec. 2, cl. 1)........................ 763.2
                                (amdt. 11).....................781
                    Natural born (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 4)...... 762.5
                    Privileges and immunities (art. 4, Sec. 2, 
                        cl. 1)................................ 764.2
                                (amdt. 14, Sec. 1).............784.1
                                Qualification:
                            President (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 4). 762.5
                            Representative (art. 1, Sec. 2, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 761.2
                            Senator (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 3)... 761.9
                                Suffrage:
                            Eighteen-year-olds (amdt. 26)..... 796.1
                            Race (amdt. 15, Sec. 1)........... 785.1
                            Women (amdt. 19).................. 789
            Civil officers, removal (art. 2, Sec. 4).......... 762.13
            Claims of United States, or State (art. 4, Sec. 3, 
                cl. 2)........................................ 764.6
            Coinage:
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 5).......... 761.29
                    Counterfeiting (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 6).... 761.30
                    Foreign (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 5)........... 761.29
                    States, prohibition (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.51
            Commander-in-chief (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 1)........ 762.9
            Commerce, regulation (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 3)...... 761.27
            Common defense (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1)............ 761.25
            Common law (amdt. 7).............................. 777
            Compact, States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3).......... 761.53
            Compensation:
                    Judges (art. 3, Sec. 1)................... 763.1
                    Justices of Supreme Court (art. 3, Sec. 1) 763.1
                    Members of Congress (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.20
                                (amdt. 27).....................797
                    President (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 6)......... 762.7
                    Private property, taking (amdt. 5)........ 775
            Compulsory process (amdt. 6)...................... 776
            Confederate states (amdt. 14, Sec. 4)............. 784.4
            Confederation debts (art. 6, Sec. 1).............. 766.1
            Confrontation, right of (amdt. 6)................. 776
            Congress: See also Senate and House of 
                Representatives:
                                Adjournment:
                            Day-to-day (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 1) 761.16
                            Less than quorum (art. 1, Sec. 5, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 761.16
                            More than three days (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 5, cl. 4)................ 761.19
                            President's power (art. 2, Sec. 3) 762.12
                            Questions of (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 
                                3)............................ 761.24
                            Veto, effect on (art. 1, Sec. 7, 
                                cl. 2)........................ 761.23
                    Composition (art. 1, Sec. 1).............. 761.1
                                Consent:
                            Receipt of gifts, etc. (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 9, cl. 8)................ 761.50
                            State action:

                                    Agreements (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 10, cl. 3)..... 761.53
                                    Duties (art. 1, Sec. 10, 
                                          cl. 2).............. 761.52
                                    Ships of war (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 10, cl. 3)..... 761.53
                                    Troops (art. 1, Sec. 10, 
                                          cl. 3).............. 761.53
                                    War (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 
                                          3).................. 761.53
                    Constitutional amendments (art. 5)........ 765
                                Elections:
                            Judge of (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 1).. 761.16
                            President, House (amdt. 12)....... 782
                            Regulation (art. 1, Sec. 4, cl. 1) 761.14
                            Vice President, Senate (amdt. 12). 782
                    Extra sessions (art. 2, Sec. 3)........... 762.12
                                House of Representatives. See as 
                                    main entry.
                                Journals:
                            Entries:

                                    Names, Members (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 5, cl. 3)...... 761.18
                                    Objections, President 
                                          (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 
                                          2).................. 761.23
                                    Yeas and nays (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 5, cl. 3)...... 761.18
                            Keeping (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 3)... 761.18
                    Legislative power (art. 1, Sec. 1)........ 761.1
                                Members:
                            Attendance (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 1) 761.16
                            Discipline (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 2) 761.17
                            Eligibility for other offices 
                                (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 2)....... 761.21
                            Expulsion (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 2). 761.17
                            Immunity (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 1).. 761.20
                            Names, entry on journal (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 5, cl. 3)................ 761.18
                            Oath (art. 6, cl. 3).............. 766.3
                            Punishment (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 2) 761.17
                            Qualifications (art. 1, Sec. 6, 
                                cl. 2)........................ 761.21
                            Salaries (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 1).. 761.20
                                (amdt. 27).....................797
                                Powers:
                            Acting President, designation 
                                (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 5)....... 762.6
                            Amendments to constitution (art. 
                                5)............................ 765
                            Appointment, vesting (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 2, cl. 2)................ 762.10
                            Army:

                                    Raise and support (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 8, cl. 12)..... 761.36
                                    Regulation (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 8, cl. 14)..... 761.38
                            Bankruptcy (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 4) 761.28
                            Borrowing (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 2). 761.26
                            Captures, rules (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                                cl. 11)....................... 761.35
                            Commerce, regulation (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 8, cl. 3)................ 761.27
                            Common defense (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 761.25
                            Copyrights (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8) 761.32
                            Counterfeiting (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                                cl. 6)........................ 761.30
                            Criminal trails (art. 3, Sec. 2, 
                                cl. 3)........................ 763.4
                            Debts (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1)..... 761.25
                            District of Columbia (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 8, cl. 17)............... 761.41
                            Duties and excises, levying (art. 
                                1, Sec. 8, cl. 1)............. 761.25
                            Election, judge of (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 5, cl. 1)................ 761.16
                            Exclusive legislation (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 8, cl. 17)............... 761.41
                            Executing laws (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                                cl. 15)....................... 761.39
                            Felonies on high seas (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 8, cl. 10)............... 761.34
                            Fifteenth Amendment, enforcing 
                                (amdt. 15, Sec. 2)............ 785.2
                            Foreign coins (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                                5)............................ 761.29
                            Forts, etc. (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                                17)........................... 761.41
                            Fourteenth Amendment, enforcing 
                                (amdt. 14, Sec. 5)............ 784.5
                            Full faith and credit clause (art. 
                                4, Sec. 1).................... 764.1
                            General welfare (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 761.25
                            Habeas corpus (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 
                                2)............................ 761.44
                            Impost, levying (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 761.25
                            Incidential powers (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 8, cl. 18)............... 761.42
                            Income tax (amdt. 16)............. 786
                            Inferior courts:

                                    Creation (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                                          cl. 9).............. 761.33
                                    Establishment (art. 3, 
                                          Sec. 1, cl. 1)...... 763.1
                            Inferior officers, appointment 
                                (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2)....... 762.10
                            Laws of nations, offenses (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 8, cl. 10)............... 761.34
                            Letters of marque and reprisal 
                                (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 11)...... 761.35
                            Militia (art. 1, Sec. 8, cls. 15, 
                                16)........................... 761.39-40
                            Money (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 5)..... 761.29
                            Naturalization (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                                cl. 4)........................ 761.28
                            Navy:

                                    Provide and maintain (art. 
                                          1, Sec. 8, cl. 13).. 761.37
                                    Regulation (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 8, cl. 14)..... 761.38
                            Necessary and proper (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 8, cl. 18)............... 761.42
                            Patents (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8)... 761.32
                            Piracy and felonies on the high 
                                seas (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 10). 761.34
                            Post offices and post roads (art. 
                                1, Sec. 8, cl. 7)............. 761.31
                            Presidential electors (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 1, cl. 3)................ 762.4
                            Property of United States (art. 4, 
                                Sec. 3, cl. 2)................ 764.6
                            Removing disability (amdt. 14, 
                                Sec. 3)....................... 784.3
                            Slave traffic (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 
                                1)............................ 761.43
                            States, admission (art. 4, Sec. 3, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 764.5
                            Supreme Court (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 
                                2)............................ 763.3
                            Taxes, levying (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 761.25
                            Territories (art. 4, Sec. 3, cl. 
                                2)............................ 764.6
                            Treason (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 2)... 763.6
                            War (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 11)...... 761.35
                            Weights and measures (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 8, cl. 5)................ 761.29
                    President, disability (amdt. 25).......... 795
                                Prohibitions:
                            Abridgement of:

                                    Assembly, right of 
                                          (amdt.1)............ 771
                                    Petition, right of 
                                          (amdt.1)............ 771
                                    Press, freedom of (amdt.1) 771
                                    Speech, freedom of 
                                          (amdt.1)............ 771
                            Religion, laws regarding (amdt.1). 771
                    Quorum (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 1)............ 761.16
                                Senate. See as main entry.
                    Sessions (art. 1, Sec. 4, cl. 2).......... 761.15
                                (amdt. 20, Sec. 2).............790.2
                    Vice President, confirmation (amdt. 25, 
                        Sec. 2)............................... 795.2
                    Votes (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 3)............. 761.18
                                (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 2)........761.23
            Connecticut (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)............... 761.4
            Consuls. See Ambassadors.
            Contract impairment (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)...... 761.51
            Conventions, State:
                    Proposing amendments (art. 5)............. 765
                    Ratification of Constitution (art. 7)..... 767
            Copyrights (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8)................ 761.32
            Counsel, accused (amdt. 6)........................ 776
            Counterfeiting (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 6)............ 761.30
            Courts:
                    Appointment, judges (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 
                        2).................................... 762.10
                    Creation (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 9).......... 761.33
                    Establishment (art. 3, Sec. 1)............ 763.1
                                Inferior courts. See as main 
                                    entry.
                                Judges. See as main entry.
                    Judicial power (art. 3, Sec. 1)........... 763.1
                                Supreme Court. See as main entry.
            Crimes and offenses:
                    Conviction of certain, removal (art. 2, 
                        Sec. 4)............................... 762.13
                    Extradition (art. 4, Sec. 2, cl. 2)....... 763.3
                    Felonies on high seas (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                        10)................................... 761.34
                    Laws of nations (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 10).. 761.34
                    Pardons (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 1)........... 762.9
                    Piracy (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 10)........... 761.34
                                Treason. See as main entry.
            Cruel and unusual punishments (amdt. 8)........... 778

                                          D

            Debts:
                    Confederate states (amdt. 14, Sec. 4)..... 784.4
                    Contracted before adoption of Constitution 
                        (art. 6, Sec. 1)...................... 766.1
                    Payment (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1)........... 761.25
                    Pensions (amdt. 14, Sec. 4)............... 784.4
            Defense (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1)................... 761.25
            Delaware (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3).................. 761.4
            Direct taxes, apportionment (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 
                3)............................................ 761.4
                                (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 4)........761.46
            Discoveries (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8)............... 761.32
            Disorderly behavior, punishment (art. 1, Sec. 5, 
                cl. 2)........................................ 761.17
            Disqualification:
                    Impeachment (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 7)....... 761.13
                    Officers of the United States in rebellion 
                        (amdt. 14, Sec. 3).................... 784.3
                    Members of House of Representatives and 
                        Senate (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 2)........ 761.21
            District of Columbia (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 17)..... 761.41
                    Exclusive legislation, Congress (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 8, cl. 17)....................... 761.41
                    Presidential and Vice Presidential 
                        electors (amdt. 23)................... 793
            Dock yards (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 17)............... 761.41
            Domestic tranquility (preamble)................... 760.1
            Double jeopardy (amdt. 5)......................... 775
            Due process (amdt. 5)............................. 775
                                (amdt. 14, Sec. 1).............784.1
            Duties:
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1).......... 761.25
                    Exportations from States (art. 1, Sec. 9, 
                        cl. 5)................................ 761.47
                    State imports or exports (art. 1, Sec. 10, 
                        cl. 2)................................ 761.52
                    State traffic (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 1)..... 761.43
                    Tonnage (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3).......... 761.53
                    Uniformity required (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.25
                    Vessels (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 6)........... 761.48

                                          E

            Eighteen-year-olds, right to vote (amdt. 26)...... 796
            Eighteenth Amendment, repeal (amdt. 21, Sec. 1)... 791.1
            Elections:
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 4, cl. 1).......... 761.14
                    Day (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 3)............... 762.4
                    Each House to judge (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.16
                    President and Vice President (art. 2, 
                        Sec. 1)............................... 762.1
                                (amdt. 12).....................782
                    Representatives (art. 1, Sec. 4, cl. 1)... 761.14
                    Senators (art. 1, Sec. 4, cl. 1).......... 761.14
                                (amdt. 17).....................787
            Electors:
                                Congress:
                            Representatives (art. 1, Sec. 2, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 761.2
                            Senators (amdt. 17)............... 787
                    District of Columbia (amdt. 23)........... 793
                    Eighteen-year-olds (amdt. 26)............. 796
                    Poll tax (amdt. 24)....................... 794
                    Race (amdt. 15)........................... 785
                    Sex (amdt. 19)............................ 789
            Emoluments, acceptance:
                    Office holder (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 8)..... 761.50
                    President (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 6)......... 762.7
            Enemies:
                    Adhering to (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 1)....... 763.5
                    Aid and comfort (amdt. 14, Sec. 3)........ 784.3
            Enumeration:
                    Direct taxes (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 4)...... 761.46
                    Indians, not taxed (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3) 761.4
                                (amdt. 14, Sec. 2).............784.2
                    Inhabitants (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)....... 761.4
                    Of rights not to deny others (amdt. 9).... 779
                    Ratio of representation (art. 1, Sec. 2, 
                        cl. 3)................................ 761.4
            Equal protection of the laws (amdt. 14, Sec. 1)... 784.1
            Equal suffrage, Senate (art. 5)................... 765
            Equity, judicial powers (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 1)... 763.2
                                (amdt. 11).....................781
            Excises (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1)................... 761.25
            Exclusive legislation (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 17).... 761.41
            Executive departments:
                    Appointments (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2)...... 762.10
                                Officers:
                            Oath (art. 6, cl. 3).............. 766.3
                            Written opinions (art. 2, Sec. 2, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 762.9
            Executive of State (art. 4, Sec. 4)............... 764.7
            Executive power (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 1)........... 762.1
            Expenditures (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 6).............. 761.48
            Exports:
                    State duties (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 2)..... 761.52
                    Tax or duty (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 5)....... 761.47
            Ex post facto laws:
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 3).......... 761.45
                    States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)........... 761.51
            Extradition (art. 4, Sec. 2, cl. 2)............... 764.3
            Extraordinary occasions, convening Congress (art. 
                2, Sec. 3).................................... 762.12

                                          F

            Fact and law, Supreme Court (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 
                2)............................................ 763.3
            Felonies:
                    Extradition (art. 4, Sec. 2, cl. 2)....... 764.3
                    Members of Congress (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.20
                    On high seas (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 10)..... 761.34
            Fines (amdt. 8)................................... 778
            Foreign states or nations:
                    Coin, value (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 5)....... 761.29
                    Commerce (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 3).......... 761.27
                    Judicial power (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 1).... 763.2
                                (amdt. 11).....................781
                    States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3)........... 761.53
            Forfeitures (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 2)............... 763.6
            Form of government (art. 4, Sec. 4)............... 764.7
            Formation of new States (art. 4, Sec. 3, cl. 1)... 764.5
            Former jeopardy (amdt. 5)......................... 775
            Forts (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 17).................... 761.41
            Fugitives from justice (art. 4, Sec. 2, cl. 2).... 764.3
            Full faith and credit clause (art. 4, Sec. 1)..... 764.1

                                          G

            General welfare (preamble)........................ 760.1
                                (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1)........761.25
            Georgia (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)................... 761.4
            Good behavior, judges (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 1)..... 761.7
            Grand jury (amdt. 5).............................. 775

                                          H

            Habeas corpus (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 2)............. 761.44
            Heads of departments (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 1)...... 762.9
            High crimes and misdemeanors (art. 2, Sec. 4)..... 762.13
            High seas (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 10)................ 761.34
            House of Representatives:
                                Adjournment:
                            Less than quorum (art. 1, Sec. 5, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 761.16
                            Limitations (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 
                                4)............................ 761.19
                    Composition (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 1)....... 761.3
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 1).......... 761.2
                    Impeachment (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 5)....... 761.6
                                Journal:
                            Entries (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 2)... 761.23
                            Required (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 3).. 761.18
                    Legislative power (art. 1, Sec. 1)........ 761.1
                                Members:
                            Apportionment (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 
                                3)............................ 761.4
                                (amdt. 14, Sec. 2).............784.2
                            Attendance (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 1) 761.16
                            Disciplining (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 
                                2)............................ 761.17
                            Disqualifications, removal (amdt. 
                                14, Sec. 3)................... 784.3
                            Election (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 1).. 761.2
                                    Judge of (art. 1, Sec. 5, 
                                          cl. 1).............. 761.16
                                    Regulations (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 4, cl. 1)...... 761.14
                                    Qualifications of electors 
                                          (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 
                                          1).................. 761.2
                                    Time, place, and manner 
                                          (art. 1, Sec. 4, cl. 
                                          1).................. 761.14
                            Eligibility for other offices 
                                (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 2)....... 761.21
                            Expulsion (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 2). 761.17
                            Holding other office (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 6, cl. 2)................ 761.21
                            Immunity, speech or debate (art. 
                                1, Sec. 6, cl. 1)............. 761.20
                            Names, entry on journal (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 5, cl. 3)................ 761.18
                            Number (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3).... 761.4
                            Oath (art. 6, cl. 3).............. 766.3
                            Presidential electors, as (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 1, cl. 2)................ 762.2
                            Privilege from arrest (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 6, cl. 1)................ 761.20
                            Qualifications (art. 1, Sec. 2, 
                                cl. 2)........................ 761.3
                                (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 2)........761.21
                                (amdt. 14, Sec. 3).............784.3
                            Salaries (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 1).. 761.20
                                (amdt. 27).....................797
                            Vacancies (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 4). 761.5
                    Officers (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 5).......... 761.6
                                Powers:
                            Impeachment (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 
                                5)............................ 761.6
                            Judge of elections, returns (art. 
                                1, Sec. 5, cl. 1)............. 761.16
                            Members:

                                    Disciplining (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 5, cl. 2)...... 761.17
                                    Qualifications (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 5, cl. 1)...... 761.16
                    President, election (art. 2, Sec. 1)...... 762.1
                                (amdt. 12).....................782
                                Quorum:
                            Majority to constitute (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 5, cl. 1)................ 761.16
                            Selecting President (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 1)....................... 762.1
                                (amdt. 12).....................782
                    Revenue bills (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 1)..... 761.22
                    Rules (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 2)............. 761.17
                                Speaker:
                            Disability of President (amdt. 25) 795
                            Selection (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 5). 761.6
                    Veto, consideration of (art. 1, Sec. 7, 
                        cl. 2)................................ 761.23
                    Votes (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 3)............. 761.18
                                (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 2)........761.23
            Houses, secure in (amdt. 4)....................... 774

                                          I

            Immunities:
                    Abridgement, by States (amdt. 14, Sec. 1). 784.1
                    Citizens (art. 4, Sec. 2, cl. 1).......... 764.2
            Impeachment:
                    Chief Justice (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 6)..... 761.12
                    Grounds (art. 2, Sec. 4).................. 762.13
                    House of Representatives (art. 1, Sec. 2, 
                        cl. 5)................................ 761.6
                    Judgment, extent and effect (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 3, cl. 7)........................ 761.13
                    Jury trial, not required (art. 3, Sec. 2, 
                        cl. 3)................................ 763.4
                    Persons subject to (art. 2, Sec. 4)....... 762.13
                    Senate trial (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 6)...... 761.12
                    Two-thirds vote (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 6)... 761.12
            Imports:
                                Duties:
                            Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1).. 761.25
                            States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 2)... 761.52
                    Slaves (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 2)............ 761.44
            Imposts:
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1).......... 761.25
                    States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 2)........... 761.52
            Inability. See President.
            Incidental powers of Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                18)........................................... 761.42
            Income tax (amdt. 16)............................. 786
            Incrimination, self, prohibited (amdt. 5)......... 775
            Indian tribes, commerce (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 3)... 761.27
            Indians (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)................... 761.4
            Indictment, information, and complaints:
                    Impeachment (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 7)....... 761.13
                    Necessity (amdt. 5)....................... 775
            Infamous crimes (amdt. 5)......................... 775
            Inferior courts:
                    Congress to establish (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                        9).................................... 761.33
                                (art. 3, Sec. 1)...............763.1
                    Judicial power (art. 3, Sec. 1)........... 763.1
            Inhabitant of State, qualification:
                    Representative (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 2).... 761.3
                    Senator (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 3)........... 761.9
            Insurrections:
                    Congress, calling militia (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                        cl. 15)............................... 761.39
                    Debts (amdt. 14, Sec. 4).................. 784.4
                    Participation in (amdt. 14, Sec. 3)....... 784.3
            Interstate and foreign commerce (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                cl. 3)........................................ 761.27
            Intoxicating liquors:
                    Importation into certain States (amdt. 21, 
                        Sec. 3)............................... 791.3
                    Repeal of Eighteenth Amendment (amdt. 21, 
                        Sec. 1)............................... 791.1
                    Transportation (amdt. 21, Sec. 2)......... 791.2
            Invasions:
                    Congress, calling militia (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                        cl. 15)............................... 761.39
                    Habeas corpus (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 2)..... 761.44
                                State:
                            Protection (art. 4, Sec. 4)....... 764.7
                            Right of (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3). 761.53
            Inventors, discoveries (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8).... 761.32
            Involuntary servitude, prohibited (amdt. 13, 
                Sec. 1)....................................... 783.1

                                          J

            Jeopardy, same offense (amdt. 5).................. 765
            Judges:
                    Appointment (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2)....... 762.10
                    Compensation (art. 3, Sec. 1)............. 763.1
                    Oath (art. 6, cl. 3)...................... 766.3
                    State, duty (art. 6, cl. 2)............... 766.2
                    Supreme Court (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2)..... 762.10
                    Term (art. 3, Sec. 1)..................... 763.1
            Judgment, impeachment (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 7)..... 761.13
            Judicial officers, State and Federal, oath (art. 
                6, cl. 3)..................................... 766.3
            Judicial power:
                                Jurisdiction, Supreme Court:
                            Appellate (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 2). 763.3
                            Original (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 2).. 763.3
                    Scope (art. 3, Sec. 2, cls. 1, 2)......... 763.2-3
                                (amdt. 11).....................781
                    Vesting, Supreme Court and inferior courts 
                        (art. 3, Sec. 1)...................... 763.1
            Judicial proceedings, State (art. 4, Sec. 1)...... 764.1
            Jury:
                    Action of (amdt. 5)....................... 775
                    Criminal cases (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 3).... 763.4
                                (amdt. 6)......................776
                    Trial by, right (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 3)... 763.4
                                (amdt. 6)......................776
                                (amdt. 7)......................777
            Just compensation, for property (amdt. 5)......... 775
            Justice (preamble)................................ 760.1
                    Fugitives (art. 4, Sec. 2, cl. 2)......... 764.3

                                          K

            Keeping and bearing arms, right (amdt. 2)......... 772
            King, gifts, etc., from (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 8)... 761.50

                                          L

            Labor, due (art. 4, Sec. 2, cl. 3)................ 764.4
            Land and naval forces (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 14).... 761.38
            Lands, claims (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 1)............. 763.2
            Law of the land:
                    Constitution, law and treaties (art. 6, 
                        cl. 2)................................ 766.2
                    State judges (art. 6, cl. 2).............. 766.2
            Laws of the United States:
                    Execution (art. 2, Sec. 3)................ 762.12
                    Judicial power (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 1).... 763.2
                    Supremacy (art. 6, cl. 2)................. 766.2
            Legal tender, States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)..... 761.51
            Legislation, Congress:
                    Exclusive (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 17)........ 761.31
                    Necessary and proper (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                        18)................................... 761.42
            Legislative powers (art. 1, Sec. 1)............... 761.1
            Letters of marque and reprisal:
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 11)......... 761.35
                    States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)........... 761.51
            Life, liberty, and property:
                    Due process (amdt. 5)..................... 775
                    State limitation (amdt. 14, Sec. 1)....... 784.1

                                          M

            Magazines (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 17)................ 761.41
            Majority:
                    Presidential elections (amdt. 12)......... 782
                    Quorum of each House (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.16
            Maritime jurisdiction (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 1)..... 763.2
            Marque and reprisal. See Letters of.
            Massachusetts (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)............. 761.4
            Measures. See Weights.
            Meeting of Congress (art. 1, Sec. 4, cl. 2)....... 761.15
                                (amdt. 20, Sec. 2).............790.2
            Militia:
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cls. 15, 16).... 761.39-40
                    Indictment (amdt. 5)...................... 775
                    President (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 1)......... 762.9
                    Right to maintain (amdt. 2)............... 772
                    State (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 16)............ 761.43
            Ministers. See Ambassadors.
            Misdemeanors, civil officers (art. 2, Sec. 4)..... 762.13
            Money:
                    Appropriation (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 7)..... 761.49
                    Army (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 12)............. 761.36
                    Borrowing (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 2)......... 761.26
                    Coining and regulating (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                        cl. 5)................................ 761.29
                    Foreign (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 5)........... 761.29
                    Receipts and expenditures (art. 1, Sec. 9, 
                        cl. 7)................................ 761.49

                                          N

            Natural born citizen, President (art. 2, Sec. 1, 
                cl. 4)........................................ 762.5
            Naturalization:
                    Citizenship (amdt. 14, Sec. 1)............ 784.1
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 4).......... 761.28
            Navy:
                    Commander-in-Chief (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 1) 762.9
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 13)......... 761.37
                    Indictments (amdt. 5)..................... 775
                    Regulation (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 14)....... 761.38
            New Hampshire (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)............. 761.4
            New Jersey (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)................ 761.4
            New York (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3).................. 761.4
            New States, admission (art. 4, Sec. 3, cl. 1)..... 764.5
            Nobility, title of:
                                Granting prohibited:
                            States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)... 761.51
                            United States (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 
                                8)............................ 761.50
                    Office holder, acceptance (art. 1, Sec. 9, 
                        cl. 8)................................ 761.50
            Nomination:
                    Officers (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2).......... 762.10
                    Recess of Senate (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 3).. 762.11
            North Carolina (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)............ 761.4

                                          O

            Oath:
                    President (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 7)......... 762.8
                    Senators, impeachment trials (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 3, cl. 6)........................ 761.12
                    Support constitution (art. 6, cl. 3)...... 766.3
                    Warrants (amdt. 4)........................ 774
            Obligation of contracts (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1).. 761.51
            Offenses. See Crimes.
            Officers:
                    Accepting presents, etc. (art. 1, Sec. 9, 
                        cl. 8)................................ 761.50
                    Appointment (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2)....... 762.10
                    Commissions (art. 2, Sec. 3).............. 762.12
                    House of Representatives (art. 1, Sec. 2, 
                        cl. 5)................................ 761.6
                    Impeachment, grounds (art. 2, Sec. 4)..... 762.13
                    Oath (art. 6, cl. 3)...................... 766.3
                    Qualifications (amdt. 14, Sec. 3)......... 784.3
                    Religious test (art. 6, cl. 3)............ 766.3
                    Senate (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 5)............ 761.11
            Offices, vacancy (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 3).......... 762.11
            Opinions of department heads (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 
                1)............................................ 762.9
            Original jurisdiction, Supreme Court (art. 3, 
                Sec. 2, cl. 2)................................ 763.3

                                          P

            Papers, search (amdt. 4).......................... 774
            Pardons, reprieves (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 1)........ 762.9
            Patents (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8)................... 761.32
            Pay. See Compensation.
            Peace:
                    Breach of (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 1)......... 761.20
                                Time of:
                            Quartering soldiers (amdt. 3)..... 773
                            States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3)... 761.53
            Penalties, Congress, Members (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 
                1)............................................ 761.16
            Pennsylvania (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3).............. 761.4
            People:
                    Assembly, right of (amdt. 1).............. 771
                    Enumeration of rights (amdt. 9)........... 779
                    Reservation of powers (amdt. 10).......... 780
                    Right to keep and bear arms (amdt. 2)..... 772
                    Searches and seizures (amdt. 4)........... 774
            Petition, right of (amdt. 1)...................... 771
            Piracy (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 10)................... 761.34
            Poll tax (amdt. 24)............................... 794.1
            Ports (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 6)..................... 761.48
            Post office and post roads (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 7) 761.31
            Posterity (preamble).............................. 760.1
            Presentments, grand jury (amdt. 5)................ 775
            Presents, acceptance (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 8)...... 761.50
            President:
                                Acting:
                            Congress may designate (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 1, cl. 5)................ 762.6
                            Failure of President-elect to 
                                qualify (amdt. 20, Sec. 3).... 790.3
                            Vice President as (amdt. 25, 
                                Sec. 3)....................... 795.3
                                (amdt. 25, Sec. 4).............795.4
                    Appointments (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2)...... 762.10
                            Ambassadors (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 
                                2)............................ 762.10
                            Consuls (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2)... 762.10
                            Ministers (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2). 762.10
                            Officers of the U.S. (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 2, cls. 2, 3)............ 762.10-11
                            Recess (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 3).... 762.11
                            Supreme Court Justices (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 2, cl. 2)................ 762.10
                            Vesting, Congress (art. 2, Sec. 2, 
                                cl. 2)........................ 762.10
                    Bills (art. 1, Sec. 7, cls. 2, 3)......... 761.23-24
                    Commander-in-Chief (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 1) 762.9
                                Congress:
                            Adjournment (art. 2, Sec. 3)...... 762.12
                            Extra sessions (art. 2, Sec. 3)... 762.12
                            Information and recommendations 
                                (art. 2, Sec. 3).............. 762.12
                            Succession:

                                    Death (amdt. 20, Sec. 4).. 790.4
                                    Declaration of inability 
                                          (amdt. 25, Sec. 3).. 795.3
                                    Inability (art. 2, Sec. 1, 
                                          cl. 5).............. 762.6
                    Department heads, opinions (art. 2, 
                        Sec. 2, cl. 1)........................ 762.9
                    Disability (amdt. 25)..................... 795
                            Acting President (amdt. 25)....... 795
                            Congress, declaration of inability 
                                (amdt. 25, Sec. 4)............ 795.4
                            Declaration of inability (amdt. 
                                25, Sec. 3)................... 795.3
                                (amdt. 25, Sec. 4).............795.4
                            Vice President, duties (amdt. 25, 
                                Sec. 3)....................... 795.3
                                Election:
                            Denial of right to vote for (amdt. 
                                14, Sec. 2)................... 784.2
                            Electors:

                                    Appointment (art. 2, 
                                          Sec. 1, cls. 2, 3).. 762.10-11
                                    Proscription (amdt. 12)... 782
                                    Poll tax, qualification 
                                          (amdt. 24).......... 794.1
                            Method, prescribed (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 1, cls. 2, 3)............ 762.10-11
                                (amdt. 12).....................782
                    Emoluments (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 6)........ 762.7
                    Execution of laws (art. 2, Sec. 3)........ 762.12
                    Executive power (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 1)... 762.1
                                Impeachment:
                            Chief Justice presides at trial 
                                (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 6)....... 761.12
                            Grounds (art. 2, Sec. 4).......... 762.13
                    Inferior officers, appointment (art. 2, 
                        Sec. 2, cl. 2)........................ 762.10
                    Information and recommendations (art. 2, 
                        Sec. 3)............................... 762.12
                    Laws, execution (art. 2, Sec. 3).......... 762.12
                                Ministers:
                            Appointment (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 
                                2)............................ 762.10
                            Reception (art. 2, Sec. 3)........ 762.12
                    Oath (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 7).............. 762.8
                                Officers of U.S.:
                            Commissioning (art. 2, Sec. 3).... 762.12
                            Inferior, appointment (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 2, cl. 2)................ 762.10
                    Pardoning power (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 1)... 762.9
                    Qualifications (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 4).... 762.5
                                Removal from office:
                            Successor (amdt. 25, Sec. 1)...... 795.1
                            Vice President to discharge duties 
                                (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 5)....... 762.6
                    Resignation, successor (amdt. 25, Sec. 1). 795.1
                    Salary (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 6)............ 762.7
                                Succession:
                            Death of President-elect (amdt. 
                                20, Sec. 3)................... 790.3
                            Duties (amdt. 25)................. 795
                    Term (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 1).............. 762.1
                                (amdt. 20, Sec. 1).............790.1
                    Treaties (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2).......... 762.10
                    Vacancies, temporary appointments (art. 2, 
                        Sec. 2, cl. 1)........................ 762.9
                    Vacancies in office, successor (amdt. 25). 795
                                Vacancy in office of Vice 
                                    President:
                            Nomination of successor (amdt. 25, 
                                Sec. 2)....................... 795.2
                    Veto (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 2).............. 761.23
            President of Senate (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 4)....... 761.10
            President pro tempore of Senate (art. 1, Sec. 3, 
                cl. 5)........................................ 761.11
            Presidential electors:
                    Ballot (amdt. 12)......................... 782
                    Certificate (amdt. 12).................... 782
                    Day of vote (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 3)....... 762.4
                                Disqualifications:
                            Engaging in rebellion (amdt. 14, 
                                Sec. 3)....................... 784.3
                            Officers of the U.S. (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 1, cl. 2)................ 762.3
                            Representatives (art. 2, Sec. 1, 
                                cl. 2)........................ 762.3
                            Senators (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 2).. 762.3
                    District of Columbia (amdt. 23)........... 793
                    Meeting (amdt. 12)........................ 782
                    Number (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 2)............ 762.2
                                Vote:
                            Restrictions (amdt. 12)........... 782
                            Time (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 3)...... 762.3
            Press, freedom of (amdt. 1)....................... 771
            Primary election, poll tax (amdt. 24)............. 794
            Private property, taking (amdt. 5)................ 775
            Privileges and immunities:
                    Abridgment (amdt. 14, Sec. 1)............. 784.1
                    Citizens (art. 4, Sec. 2, cl. 1).......... 764.2
                    Congress, Members (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 1). 761.20
                    Double jeopardy (amdt. 5)................. 775
            Prize, rules (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 11)............. 761.35
            Probable cause, warrants (amdt. 4)................ 774
            Progress, promote (art. 1, Sec. cl. 8)............ 761.32
            Prohibited powers, reserved (amdt. 10)............ 780
            Promote general welfare (preamble)................ 761.1
            Property, deprivation (amdt. 14, Sec. 1).......... 784.1
            Property of U.S. (art. 4, Sec. 3, cl. 2).......... 764.6
            Prosecutions:
                    Accused, rights of (amdt. 6).............. 776
                    Jury trial, right to (art. 3, Sec. 2, cls. 
                        2, 3)................................. 763.3-4
                                (amdt. 6)......................776
                    Place of trial (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 3).... 763.4
                    Presentment of grand jury (amdt. 5)....... 775
                    Process, obtaining witnesses (amdt. 6).... 776
                                Punishment:
                            Cruel and unusual, prohibited 
                                (amdt. 8)..................... 778
                            Felonies on high seas (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 8, cl. 10)............... 761.34
                            Impeachment (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 
                                7)............................ 761.13
                            Laws of nations (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                                cl. 10)....................... 761.34
                            Piracy (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 10)... 761.34
                            Treason (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 2)... 763.6
                    Self-incrimination, restriction (amdt. 5). 775
                                Trial:
                            Jury (art. 3, Sec. 2, cls. 2, 3).. 763.3-4
                                (amdt. 6)......................776
                            Place (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 3)..... 763.4
                            Public (amdt. 6).................. 776
                            Speedy (amdt. 6).................. 776
                    Venue (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 3)............. 763.4
                                (amdt. 6)......................776
                    Witnesses (amdt. 6)....................... 776
            Public acts, state, full faith and credit (art. 4, 
                Sec. 1)....................................... 764.1
            Public danger (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 2)............ 761.52
            Public debt (amdt. 14, Sec. 4).................... 784.4
            Public ministers, reception (art. 2, Sec. 3)...... 762.12
            Public money (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 7).............. 761.49
            Public records, State (art. 4, Sec. 1)............ 764.1
            Punishment. See Prosecutions.

                                          Q

            Qualifications:
                                Electors:
                            Poll tax (amdt. 24)............... 794
                            Representatives (art. 1, Sec. 2, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 761.2
                            Senators (amdt. 17)............... 787
                    Members, each House judge (art. 1, Sec. 5, 
                        cl. 1)................................ 761.16
                    Office (art. 6, cl. 3).................... 766.3
                    President (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 4)......... 762.5
                    Religious test (art. 6, cl. 3)............ 766.3
                    Representative (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 2).... 761.3
                    Senator (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 3)........... 761.9
                    Vice President (amdt. 12)................. 782
            Quartering soldiers (amdt. 3)..................... 773
            Quorum:
                    House, choosing president (art. 2, Sec. 1) 762.1
                                (amdt. 12).....................782
                    Majority to constitute (art. 1, Sec. 5, 
                        cl. 1)................................ 761.16
                    Senate, choosing vice president (art. 2, 
                        Sec. 1)............................... 762.1
                                (amdt. 12).....................782

                                          R

            Race (amdt. 15, Sec. 1)........................... 785.1
            Ratification:
                    Amendments (art. 5)....................... 765
                    Constitution (art. 7)..................... 767
                                By original States.............769
            Ratio, representation (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)..... 761.14
                    (amdt. 14, Sec. 2)........................ 784.2
            Rebellion:
                    Debts (amdt. 14, Sec. 4).................. 784.4
                    Habeas corpus (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 2)..... 761.44
                    Participation (amdt. 14, Sec. 3).......... 784.3
            Receipts and expenditures, publication (art. 1, 
                Sec. 9, cl. 7)................................ 761.49
            Recess of Senate, appointments (art. 2, Sec. 2, 
                cl. 3)........................................ 762.11
            Reconsideration of bills (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 2).. 761.23
            Records, State, manner of proving (art. 4, Sec. 1) 764.1
            Redress of grievances (amdt. 1)................... 771
            Regulating commerce, Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                3)............................................ 761.27
            Regulations:
                    Elections, congressional (art. 1, Sec. 4, 
                        cl. 1)................................ 761.14
                    Land and naval forces (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                        14)................................... 761.38
                    Port preference (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 6)... 761.48
            Religion, establishment, free exercise (amdt. 1).. 771
            Religious test (art. 6, cl. 3).................... 766.3
            Removal:
                    Impeachment (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 7)....... 761.13
                    President (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 5)......... 762.6
            Representation:
                    Apportionment (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)..... 761.4
                                (amdt. 14, Sec. 2).............784.2
                    Ratio (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)............. 761.4
                    Senate, equal suffrage (art. 5)........... 765
                    Vacancies (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 4)......... 761.5
            Representatives. See House of Representatives.
            Reprieves (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 1)................. 762.9
            Reprisal. See Letters of marque.
            Republican form of government (art. 4, Sec. 4).... 764.7
            Reserved powers (amdt. 10)........................ 780
            Reserved rights (amdt. 9)......................... 779
            Residence requirements. See Qualifications.
            Resignation, President (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 5).... 762.6
            Revenue bills (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 1)............. 761.22
            Review, after jury trial (amdt. 7)................ 777
            Rhode Island (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3).............. 761.4
            Right of petition (amdt. 1)....................... 771
            Rights reserved (amdt. 10)........................ 780
            Rules:
                    Each House to determine own (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 5, cl. 2)........................ 761.17
                    Land and naval forces (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                        14)................................... 761.38
                    Territory and property of U.S. (art. 4, 
                        Sec. 3, cl. 2)........................ 764.6

                                          S

            Salaries. See Compensation.
            Science (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8)................... 761.32
            Searches and seizures (amdt. 4)................... 774
            Senate:
                                Adjournment:
                            Limitations (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 
                                4)............................ 761.19
                            Quorum, less than (art. 1, Sec. 5, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 761.16
                                Advice and consent of:
                            Appointments:

                                    Ambassadors (art. 2, 
                                          Sec. 2, cl. 2)...... 762.10
                                    Consuls (art. 2, Sec. 2, 
                                          cl. 2).............. 762.10
                                    Ministers (art. 2, Sec. 2, 
                                          cl. 2).............. 762.10
                                    Officers of the U.S. (art. 
                                          2, Sec. 2, cl. 2)... 762.10
                                    Supreme Court Justices 
                                          (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 
                                          2).................. 762.10
                            Treaties (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2).. 762.10
                                Impeachment:
                            Judgment (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 7).. 761.13
                            Power to try (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 
                                6)............................ 761.12
                                Journal:
                            Entries (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 2)... 761.23
                            Required (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 3).. 761.18
                    Legislative power (art. 1, Sec. 1)........ 761.1
                                Members:
                            Choosing Senators (art 1, Sec. 3, 
                                cl. 1)........................ 761.7
                                (amdt. 17).....................787
                            Classes (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 2)... 761.8
                            Compelling attendance (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 5, cl. 1)................ 761.16
                            Disorderly behavior, punishment 
                                (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 2)....... 761.17
                            Election:

                                    Electors, qualifications 
                                          (amdt. 17).......... 787
                                      (amdt. 24).............. 794
                                    Judge of, returns (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 5, cl. 1)...... 761.16
                                    Time, place, and manner 
                                          (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 
                                          1).................. 761.7
                                      (art. 1, Sec. 4, cl. 1). 761.14
                                      (amdt. 17).............. 787
                            Eligibility for other offices 
                                (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 2)....... 761.21
                            Expulsion (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 2). 761.17
                            Immunity:

                                    Arrest (art. 1, Sec. 6, 
                                          cl. 1).............. 761.20
                                    Speech and debate (art. 1, 
                                          Sec. 6, cl. 1)...... 761.20
                            Oath (art. 6, cl. 3).............. 766.3
                            Presidential electors, as (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 1, cl. 2)................ 762.2
                            Privilege from arrest (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 6, cl. 1)................ 761.20
                            Qualifications (art. 1, Sec. 3, 
                                cl. 3)........................ 761.9
                                (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 2)........761.21
                                (amdt. 14, Sec. 3).............784.3
                            Salaries (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 1).. 761.20
                                (amdt. 27).....................797
                            Term (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 1)...... 761.7
                                (amdt. 17).....................787
                            Vacancies (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 2). 761.8
                                (amdt. 17).....................787
                            Votes (amdt. 17).................. 787
                    Officers, choice (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 5).. 761.11
                                Powers:
                            Disciplining Members (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 5, cl. 2)................ 761.17
                            Impeachment trials (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 3, cl. 6)................ 761.12
                            Judge of elections, returns and 
                                qualifications of Members 
                                (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 1)....... 761.16
                                President pro tempore:
                            Choice (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 5).... 761.11
                            Disability of President, duties 
                                (amdt. 25).................... 795
                    President to convene on extraordinary 
                        occasions (art. 2, Sec. 3)............ 762.12
                                Quorum:
                            Choosing vice president (art. 2, 
                                Sec. 1)....................... 762.1
                                (amdt. 12).....................782
                            Majority to constitute (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 5, cl. 1)................ 761.16
                    Recess, temporary appointments (art. 2, 
                        Sec. 2, cl. 3)........................ 762.11
                    Revenue bills, amendments by (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 7, cl. 1)........................ 761.22
                    Rules, establishment (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 
                        2).................................... 761.17
                    States, equal suffrage in (art. 5)........ 765
                    Treaties, consent (art, 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2). 762.10
                                Vice President:
                            Election (art. 2, Sec. 1)......... 762.1
                                (amdt. 12).....................782
                            President of Senate (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 3, cl. 4)................ 761.10
                            Vote (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 4)...... 761.10
                                Votes:
                            Each Senator entitled to one (art. 
                                1, Sec. 3, cl. 1)............. 761.7
                                (amdt. 17).....................787
                            Entry in Journal (art. 1, Sec. 5, 
                                cl. 3)........................ 761.18
                                (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 2)........761.23
                            Vice President, none unless 
                                equally divided (art. 1, 
                                Sec. 3, cl. 4)................ 761.10
            Servitude:
                    Involuntary, prohibited (amdt. 13, Sec. 1) 783.1
                    Right to vote (amdt. 15, Sec. 1).......... 785.1
            Session:
                    Adjournment during (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 4) 761.19
                    Congress, every year (art. 1, Sec. 4, cl. 
                        2).................................... 761.15
            Sex, right to vote (amdt. 19)..................... 789
            Ships of war, States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3)..... 761.53
            Silver coin, payment (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)..... 761.51
            Slavery prohibited (amdt. 13, Sec. 1)............. 783.1
            Slaves:
                    Congressional power (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.43
                    Escape, surrender (art. 4, Sec. 2, cl. 3). 764.4
                    Payment for, prohibited (amdt. 14, Sec. 4) 784.4
            Soldiers, quartering (amdt. 3).................... 773
            South Carolina (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)............ 761.4
            Speech:
                    Freedom of (amdt. 1)...................... 771
                    Immunity, Congress, Members (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 6, cl. 1)........................ 761.20
            State of the Union, President (art. 2, Sec. 3).... 762.12
            States:
                    Acts (art. 4, Sec. 1)..................... 764.1
                    Admission (art. 4, Sec. 3, cl. 1)......... 764.5
                    Agreements (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3)....... 761.53
                    Alliances (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)........ 761.51
                    Bills of attainder (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.51
                    Cases in which party (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 
                        2).................................... 763.3
                    Citizens (art. 4, Sec. 2, cl. 1).......... 764.2
                    Coining money (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1).... 761.51
                    Confederations (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)... 761.51
                    Consolidation (art. 4, Sec. 3, cl. 1)..... 764.1
                    Contract, impairment (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.51
                    Controversies (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 1)..... 763.2
                      (amdt. 11).............................. 781
                    Domestic violence (art. 4, Sec. 4)........ 764.7
                    Due process (amdt. 14, Sec. 1)............ 784.1
                    Equal protection (amdt. 14, Sec. 1)....... 784.1
                    Executive authority, vacancies, Senate 
                        (amdt. 17)............................ 787
                    Exportations (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 5)...... 761.47
                    Ex post facto law (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1) 761.51
                    Formation (art. 4, Sec. 3, cl. 1)......... 764.5
                    Import and export duties (art. 1, Sec. 10, 
                        cl. 2)................................ 761.52
                    Interstate commerce (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                        3).................................... 761.27
                    Invasion, protection (art. 4, Sec. 4)..... 764.7
                    Judicial proceedings (art. 4, Sec. 1)..... 764.1
                    Legal tender (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)..... 761.51
                                Legislatures:
                            Amending constitution (art. 5).... 765
                            Invasions, application for 
                                protection (art. 4, Sec. 4)... 764.7
                            Members, oath (art. 6, cl. 3)..... 766.3
                    Letters of marque and reprisal (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 10, cl. 1)....................... 761.51
                                Officers:
                            Congress, reduced representation 
                                (amdt. 14, Sec. 2)............ 784.2
                            Oath (art. 6, cl. 3).............. 766.3
                            Qualifications (amdt. 14, Sec. 3). 784.3
                    Poll tax (amdt. 24)....................... 794
                    Port preferences (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 6).. 761.48
                                Powers:
                            Militia (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 16).. 761.40
                            Reserved to (amdt. 10)............ 780
                                Ratification:
                            Amendments to Constitution (art. 
                                5)............................ 765
                            Constitution (art. 7)............. 767
                                By original States.............769
                    Records (art. 4, Sec. 1).................. 764.1
                                Representatives in Congress:
                            Reduction (amdt. 14, Sec. 2)...... 784.2
                            Vacancies (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 4). 761.3
                    Republican form of government (art. 4, 
                        Sec. 4)............................... 764.7
                    Senate, equal suffrage (art. 5)........... 765
                    Ships of war (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3)..... 761.53
                                Suffrage:
                            Abridgment (amdt. 15, Sec. 1)..... 785.1
                            Eighteen-year-olds (amdt. 26)..... 796
                            Poll tax (amdt. 24)............... 794
                    Titles of nobility (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.51
                    Tonnage duties (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3)... 761.53
                    Treaties (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)......... 761.51
                    Troops (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3)........... 761.53
                    Vessels (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 6)........... 761.48
                    War (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3).............. 761.53
            Succession, Presidential (amdt. 25)............... 795
            Suffrage:
                    Abridgment (amdt. 15, Sec. 1)............. 785.1
                    Eighteen-year-olds (amdt. 26)............. 796
                    Poll tax (amdt. 24)....................... 794
                    Sex (amdt. 19)............................ 789
                    State deprivation (art. 5)................ 765
            Sundays, President, bills (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 2). 761.23
            Suppression of insurrection:
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 15)......... 761.39
                    Public debt (amdt. 14, Sec. 4)............ 784.4
            Supreme Court:
                    Chief Justice, impeachment (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 3, cl. 6)........................ 761.12
                    Inferior tribunals, Congress (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 8, cl. 9)........................ 761.33
                                Judicial power:
                            Scope (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 1)..... 763.2
                            Vested in (art. 3, Sec. 1)........ 763.1
                                Jurisdiction:
                            Appellate, Congress (art. 3, 
                                Sec. 2, cl. 2)................ 763.3
                    Original (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 2).......... 763.3
                                Justices:
                            Appointment (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 
                                2)............................ 762.10
                            Compensation (art. 3, Sec. 1)..... 763.1
                            Good behavior, hold office during 
                                (art. 3, Sec. 1).............. 763.1
            Supreme law of the land:
                    State judges bound (art. 6, cl. 2)........ 766.2
                    What constitutes (art. 6, cl. 2).......... 766.2

                                          T

            Taxes:
                    Apportionment (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 4)..... 761.46
                    Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1).......... 761.25
                    Direct taxes (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3)...... 761.2
                    Income tax (amdt. 16)..................... 786
                    Poll tax (amdt. 24)....................... 794
                    Slave traffic (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 1)..... 761.43
                                State:
                            Duties (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 2)... 761.52
                            Exportations (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 
                                5)............................ 761.47
                    Uniformity (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1)........ 761.25
            Term of office:
                    President (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 1)......... 762.1
                    Representative in Congress (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 2, cl. 1)........................ 761.2
                            Office created during term (art. 
                                1, Sec. 6, cl. 2)............. 761.21
                    Senator (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 1)........... 761.7
                            Office created during term (art. 
                                1, Sec. 6, cl. 2)............. 761.21
                    Vice President (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 1).... 762.1
            Territories (art. 4, Sec. 3, cl. 2)............... 764.6
            Testimony, treason (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 1)........ 763.5
            Tie vote, Senate (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 4).......... 761.10
            Title of nobility:
                    Office holder (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 8)..... 761.50
                    States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)........... 761.51
                    United States (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 8)..... 761.50
            Tonnage, duty (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 3)............ 761.53
            Treason:
                    Attainder (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 2)......... 763.6
                    Confession (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 1)........ 763.5
                    Definition (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 1)........ 763.5
                    Extradition (art. 4, Sec. 2, cl. 2)....... 764.3
                    Impeachment for (art. 2, Sec. 4).......... 762.13
                    Proof required (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 1).... 763.5
                    Punishment (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 2)........ 763.6
                    Representatives, arrest for (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 6, cl. 1)........................ 761.20
                    Senators, arrest for (art. 1, Sec. 6, cl. 
                        1).................................... 761.20
            Treasury:
                    State duties and imposts (art. 1, Sec. 10, 
                        cl. 2)................................ 761.52
                    Withdrawing money from (art. 1, Sec. 9, 
                        cl. 7)................................ 761.49
            Treaties:
                    Courts, jurisdiction (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 
                        1).................................... 763.2
                    President (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2)......... 762.10
                    Senate, advice and consent (art. 2, 
                        Sec. 2, cl. 2)........................ 762.10
                    States (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 1)........... 761.51
                    Supremacy (art. 6, cl. 2)................. 766.2
            Trial:
                    Jury (art. 3, Sec. 2, cls. 2, 3).......... 763.3-4
                                (amdt. 6)......................776
                    Place (art. 3, Sec. 2, cl. 3)............. 763.4
                    Public (amdt. 6).......................... 776
                    Speedy (amdt. 6).......................... 776

                                          U

            Uniformity:
                    Bankruptcy (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 4)........ 761.28
                    Duties (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1)............ 761.25
                    Naturalization (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 4).... 761.28
                    Taxes (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 1)............. 761.25
            Unusual punishments (amdt. 8)..................... 788

                                          V

            Venue (amdt. 6)................................... 776
            Vessels (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 6)................... 761.48
            Veto (amdt. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 2)..................... 761.23
            Vice President:
                    Acting President (amdt. 25, Sec. 3)....... 795.3
                                (amdt. 25, Sec. 4).............795.4
                    Congress, confirmation (amdt. 25, Sec. 2). 795.2
                    Discharging duties of President (art. 2, 
                        Sec. 1, cl. 5)........................ 762.6
                    District of Columbia, electors (amdt. 23). 793
                                Election:
                            Abridgment of right to vote for 
                                (amdt. 14, Sec. 2)............ 784.2
                            Electors, limitations (amdt. 12).. 782
                            Method (art. 2, Sec. 1, cls. 2, 3) 762.2-3
                                (amdt. 12).....................782
                    Impeachment (art. 2, Sec. 4).............. 762.13
                    Poll tax (amdt. 24)....................... 794
                    President of Senate (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 
                        4).................................... 761.10
                    Qualifications (amdt. 12)................. 782
                    Senate, absence, President pro tempore 
                        (art. 1, Sec. 3, cl. 5)............... 761.11
                    Succession to Presidency (amdt. 25)....... 795
                    Term (art. 2, Sec. 1, cl. 1).............. 762.1
                                (amdt. 20, Sec. 1).............790
                                Vacancy:
                            Confirmation (amdt. 25, Sec. 2)... 795.2
                            Nomination (amdt. 25, Sec. 2)..... 795.2
            Virginia (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 3).................. 761.4
            Vote, abridgment of right to, prohibited:
                    Eighteen years or older (amdt. 26, Sec. 1) 796.1
                    Failure to pay poll tax (amdt. 24, Sec. 1) 794.1
                    Race, color (amdt. 15, Sec. 1)............ 785.1
                    Sex (amdt. 19)............................ 789
            Vote of two-thirds:
                    Amendments to Constitution, proposed (art. 
                        5).................................... 765
                    Bills vetoed (art. 1, Sec. 7, cl. 2)...... 761.23
                    Conviction on impeachment (art. 1, Sec. 3, 
                        cl. 6)................................ 761.12
                    Expel Member of Congress (art. 1, Sec. 5, 
                        cl. 2)................................ 761.17
                    Senate, treaties (art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2).. 762.10
                    Removal of disability (amdt. 14, Sec. 3).. 784.3

                                          W

            War:
                    Congress, to declare (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                        11)................................... 761.35
                                In time of:
                            Jury presentment (amdt. 5)........ 775
                            Quartering soldiers (amdt. 3)..... 773
                    Levy against United States, treason (art. 
                        3, Sec. 3, cl. 1)..................... 763.5
                    State (art. 1, Sec. 10, cl. 2)............ 761.52
            Warrants, requisites (amdt. 4).................... 774
            Weights and measures, Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, 
                cl. 5)........................................ 761.29
            Witnesses:
                    Confrontation, right of (amdt. 6)......... 776
                    Self-incrimination (amdt. 5).............. 775
                    Treason (art. 3, Sec. 3, cl. 1)........... 763.5
            Women, right to vote (amdt. 19)................... 789
            Writ of habeas corpus (art. 1, Sec. 9, cl. 2)..... 761.44
            Writings, copyright, Congress (art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 
                8)............................................ 761.32
            Writs, election (art. 1, Sec. 2, cl. 4)........... 761.5
            Writs of error (amdt. 7).......................... 777

                                          Y

            Yea and nay votes, Congress:
                    Entered on journal (art. 1, Sec. 5, cl. 3) 761.18
                    Vetoed measure, reconsideration (art. 1, 
                        Sec. 7, cl. 2)........................ 761.23
?

            ===========================================================_

                                  STATISTICAL DATA

            ===========================================================_

                                           
                See footnotes at end of 
            table.

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                        PRESIDENTS PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE

            FROM THE FIRST CONGRESS TO END OF SECOND SESSION OF THE ONE 
                               HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS

            ------------------------------------------------------------

            [In earlier years the appointment or election of a President 
                pro tempore was held by the Senate to be for the 
                occasion only, so that more than one appears in several 
                sessions and in others none were chosen. Since Mar. 12, 
                1890, however, they have served until ``the Senate 
                otherwise ordered.'']


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        Name of President pro
               Congress                        tempore                   State                   Elected
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First................................  John Langdon...........  New Hampshire..........  Apr. 6, 1789.
Second...............................  Richard Henry Lee......  Virginia...............  Apr. 18, 1792.
    Do...............................  John Langdon...........  New Hampshire..........  Nov. 5, 1792.
                                                                                         Mar. 1, 1793.
Third................................  Ralph Izard\1\.........  South Carolina.........  May 31, 1794.
    Do...............................  Henry Tazewell.........  Virginia...............  Feb. 20, 1795.
Fourth...............................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Dec. 7, 1795.
    Do...............................  Samuel Livermore.......  New Hampshire..........  May 6, 1796.
    Do...............................  William Bingham........  Pennsylvania...........  Feb. 16, 1797.
Fifth................................  William Bradford.......  Rhode Island...........  July 6, 1797.
    Do...............................  Jacob Read.............  South Carolina.........  Nov. 22, 1797.
    Do...............................  Theodore Sedgwick......  Massachusetts..........  June 27, 1798.
    Do...............................  John Laurance..........  New York...............  Dec. 6, 1798.
    Do...............................  James Ross.............  Pennsylvania...........  Mar. 1, 1799.
Sixth................................  Samuel Livermore.......  New Hampshire..........  Dec. 2, 1799.
    Do...............................  Uriah Tracy............  Connecticut............  May 14, 1800.
    Do...............................  John E. Howard.........  Maryland...............  Nov. 21, 1800.
    Do...............................  James Hillhouse........  Connecticut............  Feb. 28, 1801.
Seventh..............................  Abraham Baldwin........  Georgia................  Dec. 7, 1801.
                                                                                         Apr. 17, 1802.
    Do...............................  Stephen R. Bradley.....  Vermont................  Dec. 14, 1802.
                                                                                         Feb. 25, 1803.
                                                                                         Mar. 2, 1803.
Eighth...............................  John Brown.............  Kentucky...............  Oct. 17, 1803.
                                                                                         Jan. 23, 1804.
    Do...............................  Jesse Franklin.........  North Carolina.........  Mar. 10, 1804.
    Do...............................  Joseph Anderson........  Tennessee..............  Jan. 15, 1805.
                                                                                         Feb. 28, 1805.
                                                                                         Mar. 2, 1805.
Ninth................................  Samuel Smith...........  Maryland...............  Dec. 2, 1805.
                                                                                         Mar. 18, 1806.
                                                                                         Mar. 2, 1807.
Tenth................................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Apr. 16, 1808.
    Do...............................  Stephen R. Bradley.....  Vermont................  Dec. 28, 1808.
    Do...............................  John Milledge..........  Georgia................  Jan. 30, 1809.
Eleventh.............................  Andrew Gregg...........  Pennsylvania...........  June 26, 1809.
    Do...............................  John Gaillard..........  South Carolina.........  Feb. 28, 1810.
                                                                                         Reelected Apr. 17,
                                                                                          1810.
    Do...............................  John Pope..............  Kentucky...............  Feb. 23, 1811.
Twelfth..............................  William H. Crawford....  Georgia................  Mar. 24, 1812.
Thirteenth...........................  Joseph B. Varnum.......  Massachusetts..........  Dec. 6, 1813.
    Do...............................  John Gaillard..........  South Carolina.........  Apr. 18, 1814.
                                                                                         Nov. 25, 1814, upon the
                                                                                          death of Vice
                                                                                          President Elbridge
                                                                                          Gerry.\2\
Fourteenth...........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Mar. 6, 1817.
                                                                                         Mar. 31, 1818.
Fifteenth............................  ......do.\3\...........  ......do...............  .......................
    Do...............................  James Barbour..........  Virginia...............  Feb. 15, 1819.
Sixteenth............................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
    Do...............................  John Gaillard..........  South Carolina.........  Jan. 25, 1820.
Seventeenth..........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Feb. 1, 1822.
                                                                                         Feb. 19, 1823.
Eighteenth...........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  May 21, 1824.
Nineteenth...........................  ......do.\4\...........  ......do...............  Mar. 9, 1825.
    Do...............................  Nathaniel Macon........  North Carolina.........  May 20, 1826.
                                                                                         Jan. 2, 1827.
                                                                                         Mar. 2, 1827.
Twentieth............................  Samuel Smith\5\........  Maryland...............  May 15, 1828.
Twenty-first.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Mar. 13, 1829.\4\
                                                                                         May 29, 1830.
                                                                                         Mar. 1, 1831.\6\
Twenty-second........................  Littleton W. Tazewell..  Virginia...............  July 9, 1832.
    Do...............................  Hugh L. White..........  Tennessee..............  Dec. 3, 1832.
Twenty-third.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
    Do...............................  George Poindexter......  Mississippi............  June 28, 1834.
    Do...............................  John Tyler.............  Virginia...............  Mar. 3, 1835.
Twenty-fourth........................  William R. King........  Alabama................  July 1, 1836.
                                                                                         Jan. 28, 1837.
Twenty-fifth.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Mar. 7, 1837.\4\
                                                                                         Oct. 13, 1837.
                                                                                         July 2, 1838.
                                                                                         Feb. 25, 1839.
Twenty-sixth.........................  ......do.\7\...........  ......do...............  .......................
                                                                                         July 3, 1840.
                                                                                         Mar. 3, 1841.
Twenty-seventh.......................  William R. King\4\.....  Alabama................  Mar. 4, 1841.
    Do...............................  Samuel L. Southard\8\..  New Jersey.............  Mar. 11, 1841.
    Do...............................  Willie P. Mangum.......  North Carolina.........  May 31, 1842.
Twenty-eighth........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Twenty-ninth.........................  Ambrose H. Sevier\9\...  Arkansas...............  Dec. 27, 1845.
    Do...............................  David R. Atchison......  Missouri...............  Aug. 8, 1846.
                                                                                         Jan. 11, 1847.
                                                                                         Mar. 3, 1847.
Thirtieth............................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Feb. 2, 1848.
                                                                                         June 1, 1848.
                                                                                         June 26, 1848.
                                                                                         July 29, 1848.
                                                                                         Dec. 26, 1848.
                                                                                         Mar. 2, 1849.
Thirty-first.........................  David R. Atchison\4\...  Missouri...............  Mar. 5, 1849.
                                                                                         Mar. 16, 1849.
    Do...............................  William R. King........  Alabama................  May 6, 1850.
                                                                                         July 11, 1850.
Thirty-second........................  ......do.\10\..........  ......do...............  .......................
    Thirty-second....................  David R. Atchison......  Missouri...............  Dec. 20, 1852.
Thirty-third.........................  ......do.\4\...........  ......do...............  Mar. 4, 1853.
    Do...............................  Lewis Cass\11\.........  Michigan...............  Dec. 4, 1854.
    Do...............................  Jesse D. Bright........  Indiana................  Dec. 5, 1854.
Thirty-fourth........................  ......do.\12\..........  ......do...............  June 11, 1856.
    Do...............................  Charles E. Stuart\13\..  Michigan...............  June 9, 1856.
    Do...............................  James M. Mason\14\.....  Virginia...............  Jan. 6, 1857.
Thirty-fifth.........................  ......do.\4\...........  ......do...............  Mar. 4, 1857.
    Do...............................  Thomas J. Rusk\4\......  Texas..................  Mar. 14, 1857.
    Do...............................  Benjamin Fitzpatrick...  Alabama................  Dec. 7, 1857.
                                                                                         Mar. 29, 1858.
                                                                                         June 14, 1858.
                                                                                         Jan. 25, 1859.
Thirty-sixth.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Mar. 9, 1859.\4\
                                                                                         Dec. 19, 1859.
                                                                                         Feb. 20, 1860.\4\
                                                                                         June 26, 1860.
    Do...............................  Jesse D. Bright........  Indiana................  June 12, 1860.
    Do...............................  Solomon Foot...........  Vermont................  Feb. 16, 1861.
Thirty-seventh.......................  Solomon Foot...........  ......do...............  Mar. 23, 1861.\4\
                                                                                         July 18, 1861.
                                                                                         Jan. 15, 1862.
                                                                                         Mar. 31, 1862.
                                                                                         June 19, 1862.
                                                                                         Feb. 18, 1863.
Thirty-eighth........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Mar. 4, 1863.\4\
                                                                                         Dec. 18, 1863.
                                                                                         Feb. 23, 1864.
                                                                                         Apr. 11, 1864.
    Do...............................  Daniel Clark...........  New Hampshire..........  Apr. 26, 1864.
                                                                                         Feb. 9, 1865.
Thirty-ninth.........................  Layfayette S.            Connecticut............  Mar. 7, 1865.
                                        Foster\15\.
    Do...............................  Benjamin F. Wade.......  Ohio...................  Mar. 2, 1867.
Fortieth.............................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Forty-first..........................  Henry B. Anthony.......  Rhode Island...........  Mar. 23, 1869.
                                                                                         Apr. 9, 1869.
                                                                                         May 28, 1870.
                                                                                         July 1, 1870.
                                                                                         July 14, 1870.
Forty-second.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Mar. 10, 1871.
                                                                                         Apr. 17, 1871.
                                                                                         May 23, 1871.\4\
                                                                                         Dec. 21, 1871.
                                                                                         Feb. 23, 1872.
                                                                                         June 8, 1872.
    Do...............................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Dec. 4, 1872.
                                                                                         Dec. 13, 1872.
                                                                                         Dec. 20, 1872.
                                                                                         Jan. 24, 1873.
Forty-third..........................  Matthew H. Carpenter...  Wisconsin..............  Mar. 12, 1873.\4\
                                                                                         Mar. 26, 1873.\4\
                                                                                         Dec. 11, 1873.
                                                                                         Dec. 23, 1874.
    Do...............................  Henry B. Anthony.......  Rhode Island...........  Jan. 23, 1875.
                                                                                         Feb. 15, 1875.
Forty-fourth.........................  Thomas W. Ferry........  Michigan...............  Mar. 9, 1875.\4\
                                                                                         Mar. 19, 1875.\4\
                                                                                         Dec. 20, 1875.
Forty-fifth..........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Mar. 5, 1877.\4\
                                                                                         Feb. 26, 1878.
                                                                                         Apr. 17, 1878.
                                                                                         Mar. 3, 1879.
Forty-sixth..........................  Allen G. Thurman.......  Ohio...................  Apr. 15, 1879.
                                                                                         Apr. 7, 1880.
                                                                                         May 6, 1880.
Forty-seventh........................  Thomas F. Bayard.......  Delaware...............  Oct. 10, 1881.\4\
    Do...............................  David Davis\16\........  Illinois...............  Oct. 13, 1881.
    Do...............................  George F. Edmunds......  Vermont................  Mar. 3, 1883.
Forty-eighth.........................  ......do.\17\..........  ......do...............  Jan. 14, 1884.
Forty-ninth..........................  John Sherman\18\.......  Ohio...................  Dec. 7, 1885.
    Do...............................  John J. Ingalls........  Kansas.................  Feb. 25, 1887.
Fiftieth.............................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Fifty-first..........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Mar. 7, 1889.\4\
                                                                                         Apr. 2, 1889.\4\
                                                                                         Feb. 28, 1890.
                                                                                         Apr. 3, 1890.\19\
    Do...............................  Charles F. Manderson...  Nebraska...............  Mar. 2, 1891.
Fifty-second.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Fifty-third..........................  ......do.\20\..........  ......do...............  .......................
    Do...............................  Isham G. Harris\4\.....  Tennessee..............  Mar. 22, 1893.
    Do...............................  Matt W. Ransom\21\.....  North Carolina.........  Jan. 7, 1895.
    Do...............................  Isham G. Harris........  Tennessee..............  Jan. 10, 1895.
Fifty-fourth.........................  William P. Frye........  Maine..................  Feb. 7, 1896.
Fifty-fifth..........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Fifty-sixth..........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Fifty-seventh........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Mar. 7, 1901.\4\
Fifty-eighth.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Fifty-ninth..........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Sixtieth.............................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Dec. 5, 1907.
Sixty-first..........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Sixty-second.........................  ......do.\22\..........  ......do...............  .......................
    Do...............................  Charles Curtis\23\.....  Kansas.................  Dec. 4, 1911.
    Do...............................  Augustus O. Bacon\24\..  Georgia................  Jan. 15, 1912.
    Do...............................  Jacob H. Gallinger\25\.  New Hampshire..........  Feb. 12, 1912.
    Do...............................  Henry Cabot Lodge\26\..  Massachusetts..........  Mar. 25, 1912.
    Do...............................  Frank B. Brandegee\27\.  Connecticut............  May 25, 1912.
Sixty-third..........................  James P. Clarke........  Arkansas...............  Mar. 13, 1913.\4\
Sixty-fourth.........................  ......do.\28\..........  ......do...............  Dec. 6, 1915.
    Do...............................  Willard Saulsbury......  Delaware...............  Dec. 14, 1916.
Sixty-fifth..........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Sixty-sixth..........................  Albert B. Cummins......  Iowa...................  May 19, 1919.
Sixty-seventh........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Mar. 7, 1921.\4\
Sixty-eighth.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Sixty-ninth..........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
    Do...............................  George H. Moses........  New Hampshire..........  Mar. 6, 1925.\4\
Seventieth...........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Dec. 15, 1927.
Seventy-first........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Seventy-second.......................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Seventy-third........................  Key Pittman............  Nevada.................  Mar. 9, 1933.
Seventy-fourth.......................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Jan. 7, 1935.
Seventy-fifth........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Seventy-sixth........................  ......do.\29\..........  ......do...............  .......................
    Do...............................  William H. King........  Utah...................  Nov. 19, 1940.
Seventy-seventh......................  Pat Harrison\30\.......  Mississippi............  Jan. 6, 1941.
    Do...............................  Carter Glass...........  Virginia...............  July 10, 1941.
Seventy-eighth.......................  ......do...............  ......do...............  Jan. 5, 1943.
Seventy-ninth........................  Kenneth McKellar.......  Tennessee..............  Jan. 6, 1945.
Eightieth............................  Arthur H. Vandenberg...  Michigan...............  Jan. 4, 1947.
Eighty-first.........................  Kenneth McKellar.......  Tennessee..............  Jan. 3, 1949.
Eighty-second........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Eighty-third.........................  Styles Bridges.........  New Hampshire..........  Jan. 3, 1953.
Eighty-fourth........................  Walter F. George.......  Georgia................  Jan. 5, 1955.
Eighty-fifth.........................  Carl Hayden............  Arizona................  Jan. 3, 1957.
Eighty-sixth.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Eighty-seventh.......................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Eighty-eighth........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Eighty-ninth.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Ninetieth............................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Ninety-first.........................  Richard B. Russell \31\  Georgia................  Jan. 3, 1969.
Ninety-second........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
    Do...............................  Allen J. Ellender \32\.  Louisiana..............  Jan. 22, 1971.
    Do...............................  James O. Eastland......  Mississippi............  July 28, 1972.
Ninety-third.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Ninety-fourth........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Ninety-fifth.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Ninety-sixth.........................  Warren G. Magnuson.....  Washington.............  Jan. 15, 1979.
    Do...............................  Milton R. Young\33\....  North Dakota...........  Dec. 4, 1980.
Ninety-seventh.......................  Strom Thurmond.........  South Carolina.........  Jan. 5, 1981.
Ninety-eighth........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
Ninety-ninth.........................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
One-hundredth........................  John C. Stennis........  Mississippi............  Jan. 6, 1987.
One-hundred-first....................  Robert C. Byrd.........  West Virginia..........  Jan. 3, 1989.
One-hundred-second...................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
One-hundred-third....................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
One-hundred-fourth...................  Strom Thurmond.........  South Carolina.........  Jan. 4, 1995.
One-hundred-fifth....................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
One-hundred-sixth....................  ......do...............  ......do...............  .......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Samuel Livermore was elected Feb. 20, 1795, but declined.
\2\Vice President Gerry died in preceding Congress.
\3\Continuing from preceding session; elected Mar. 6, 1817 (special session of the Senate).
\4\Special session of the Senate.
\5\Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina, was first elected on the same day, but declined to serve.
\6\Littleton W. Tazewell, of Virginia, was first elected, but declined to serve.
\7\Continuing from preceding session.
\8\Special session of the Senate.  Resigned as President pro tempore May 31, 1842.
\9\Served as President pro tempore 1 day, under designation by the Vice President.
\10\Resigned as President pro tempore Dec. 20, 1852.
\11\For 1 day only.
\12\Continued from preceding Congress.
\13\Served June 5, 1856; resigned June 11, 1856.
\14\Served Jan. 5, 1856.
\15\Special session of the Senate.  Elected ``to serve in the absence of the Vice President'' and served until
  Mar. 2, 1867.
\16\Special session of the Senate.  Resigned Mar. 3, 1883.
\17\Reelected.
\18\Resigned, effective Feb. 26, 1887.
\19\Resigned as President pro tempore, effective Mar. 2, 1891.
\20\Resigned as President pro tempore Mar. 22, 1893.
\21\Resigned as President pro tempore Jan. 10, 1895.
\22\Resigned as President pro tempore Apr. 27, 1911.
\23\Elected to serve Dec. 4 to 12, 1911.
\24\Elected to serve Jan. 15 to 17, Mar. 11 and 12, Apr. 8, May 10, May 30 to June 3, June 13 to July 5, Aug. 1
  to 10, and Aug. 27 to Dec. 15, 1912; Jan. 5 to 18 and Feb. 2 to 15, 1913.
\25\Elected to serve Feb. 12 to 14, Apr. 26 and 27, May 7, July 6 to 31, Aug. 12 to 26, 1912; Dec. 16, 1912, to
  Jan. 4, 1913; Jan 19 to Feb. 1 and Feb. 16 to Mar. 3, 1913.
\26\Elected to serve Mar. 25 and 26, 1912.
\27\Elected to serve May 25, 1912.
\28\Died Oct. 1, 1916.
\29\Died Nov. 10, 1940.
\30\Died June 22, 1941.
\31\Died Jan. 21, 1971.
\32\Died July 27, 1972.
\33\Elected to serve for one day only (Dec. 5, 1980).

               deputy president pro tempore of the senate
            [798.3]
      798.3

                                  deputy president pro tempore of the senate\1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Congress                          Name                    State                   Elected
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95th.................................  Hubert H. Humphrey\2\..  Minnesota..............  Jan. 11, 1977
                                                                                          (effective Jan. 5,
                                                                                          1977).
100th \3\............................  George J. Mitchell.....  Maine..................  Jan. 28, 1987.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\This office was established by S. Res. 17, 95-1, agreed to Jan. 10, 1977 (effective Jan. 5, 1977). The
  resolution provided that ``[a]ny Member of the Senate who has held the Office of President of the United
  States or Vice President of the United States shall be a Deputy President pro tempore''.
\2\Died Jan. 13, 1978.
\3\ S. Res. 90, 100-1, agreed to Jan. 28, 1987, provided that in addition to Senators who hold the Office of
  Deputy President pro tempore under authority of S. Res. 17, 95-1, any other Member of the Senate designated by
  Senate resolution shall hold the office at the pleasure of the Senate during the 100th Congress. Senator
  Mitchell was so designated by S. Res. 91, agreed to the same date.


      798.5

                             permanent acting president pro tempore of the senate\1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Congress                          Name                    State                   Elected
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
88th-95th............................  Lee Metcalf \2\........  Montana................  Feb. 7, 1964.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Development of this office started in 1963 upon adoption of S. Res. 232 and S. Res. 238, making Senator
  Metcalf Permanent Acting President pro tempore from Dec. 9, 1963, until meeting of the second regular session
  of the 88th Congress. On Feb. 7, 1964, S. Res. 296 was adopted authorizing Senator Metcalf ``to perform the
  duties of the Chair as Acting President pro tempore until otherwise ordered by the Senate.''
\2\Died Jan. 12, 1978.

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                            SENATORS OF THE UNITED STATES

            FROM THE FIRST CONGRESS TO THE END OF THE SECOND SESSION OF 
                           THE ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS

            ------------------------------------------------------------

                             CLASSIFICATION OF SENATORS

                Under Article I, section 3, clause 2, of the 
            Constitution of the United States, relating to the 
            classification of Senators in the First and succeeding 
            Congresses, it was provided that, ``Immediately after they 
            shall be assembled in consequence of the first election they 
            shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. 
            The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be 
            vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second 
            class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third 
            class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third 
            may be chosen every second year.'' The classification of the 
            Senators of the First Congress was made in accordance with 
            this provision by lot. The following table shows the classes 
            to which the Senators of the First Congress, and from States 
            subsequently admitted into the Union, were severally 
            assigned, and the succession in each State to the end of the 
            second session of the One hundred sixth Congress.


                                  TERMS OF SENATORS

                Technically, pursuant to the Twentieth Amendment to the 
            Constitution of the United States, ratified January 23, 
            1933, the terms of Members of the Senate commence at noon on 
            the third day of January and end six years later at noon on 
            the third day of January. In view of the impracticality of 
            dealing with split days, however, it has been the long 
            established practice for payment of salaries, computation of 
            allowances, and recording of service to credit a Member for 
            the full day of the third of January and to consider the 
            term as ended at the close of business on the second of 
            January six years later. Accordingly, the service of Members 
            of the Senate is shown on that basis in the following 
            tables.
            TABLE OF SENATORS FROM THE FIRST CONGRESS TO THE SECOND 
                SESSION OF THE ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS
                Footnotes continued on next 
            page.
                                                                800  801
            800  801

                                                     ALABAMA
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16th-29th.......................  William R. King...  Dec. 14, 1819     Mar. 3, 1847      Res. Apr. 15, 1844.
28th............................  Dixon H. Lewis....  Apr. 22, 1844     Dec. 9, 1844      By gov., to fill vac.
28th-32d........................  ......do..........  Dec. 10, 1844     Mar. 3, 1853      Died Oct. 25, 1848.
30th-31st.......................  Benjamin            Nov. 25, 1848     Nov. 30, 1849     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Fitzpatrick.
31st-32d........................  Jeremiah Clemens..  Nov. 30, 1849     Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
33d-38th........................  Clement Claiborne   Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
                                   Clay, Jr.\1\.
40th-41st.......................  Willard Warner\2\.  June 25, 1868     Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
42d-44th........................  George              Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
                                   Goldthwaite\3\.
45th-62d........................  John T. Morgan....  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1913      Died June 11, 1907.
60th............................  John H.             June 18, 1907     July 15, 1907     ......................
                                   Bankhead\4\.
60th-68th.......................  ......do..........  July 16, 1907     Mar. 3, 1925      Died Mar. 1, 1920.
66th............................  Braxton B. Comer..  Mar. 5, 1920      Nov. 2, 1920      By gov., to fill vac.
66th-71st.......................  J. Thomas Heflin..  Nov. 2, 1920      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
72d-80th........................  John H. Bankhead,   Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1949      Died June 12, 1946.
                                   2d.
79th............................  George R. Swift\5\  June 15, 1946     Nov. 5, 1946      ......................
79th-95th.......................  John Sparkman\6\..  Nov. 6, 1946      Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
96th-104th......................  Howell Heflin.....  Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 1997      ......................
105th-107th.....................  Jeff Sessions.....  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16th-18th.......................  John W. Walker....  Dec. 14, 1819     Mar. 3, 1825      Res. Dec. 12, 1822.
17th-18th.......................  William Kelly.....  Dec. 12, 1822         Do.           ......................
19th-21st.......................  Henry H. Chambers.  Mar. 4, 1825      Mar. 3, 1831      Died Jan. 25, 1826.
19th............................  Israel Pickens....  Feb. 17, 1826     Nov. 27, 1826     By gov., to fill vac.
19th-21st.......................  John McKinley.....  Nov. 27, 1826     Mar. 3, 1831      ......................
22d-24th........................  Gabriel Moore.....  Mar. 4, 1831      Mar. 3, 1837      ......................
25th............................  John McKinley.....  Mar. 4, 1837      Mar. 3, 1843      Res. Apr. 22, 1837.
25th-27th.......................  Clement Comer Clay  June 19, 1837         Do.           Res. Nov. 15, 1841.
27th-30th.......................  Arthur P. Bagby...  Nov. 24, 1841     Mar. 3, 1849      Res. June 16, 1848
30th............................  William R. King...  July 1, 1848          Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
31st-33d........................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1855      Res. Dec. 20, 1852.
32d-33d.........................  Benjamin            Jan. 14, 1853     Dec. 11, 1853     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Fitzpatrick.
33d-36th........................  ......do.\7\......  Dec. 12, 1853     Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
40th-45th.......................  George E.           June 25, 1868     Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
                                   Spencer\8\.
46th-48th.......................  George S. Houston.  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1885      Died Dec. 31, 1879.
46th............................  Luke Pryor........  Jan. 7, 1880      Nov. 23, 1880     By gov., to fill vac.
46th-54th.......................  James L. Pugh.....  Nov. 24, 1880     Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-60th.......................  Edmund W. Pettus..  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1909      Died July 27, 1907.
60th-63d........................  Joseph F.           Aug. 6, 1907      Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
                                   Johnston\9\.
63d.............................  Francis S. White..  May 11, 1914          Do.           ......................
64th-69th.......................  Oscar W. Underwood  Mar. 4, 1915      Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
70th-75th.......................  Hugo Black........  Mar. 4, 1927      Jan. 3, 1939      Res. Aug. 19, 1937.
75th............................  Mrs. Dixie Bibb     Aug. 20, 1937         Do.           ......................
                                   Graves\10\.
75th-90th.......................  Lister Hill\11\...  Jan. 11, 1938     Jan. 2, 1969      By gov., to fill vac.
91st-96th.......................  James B. Allen....  Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1981      Died June 1, 1978.
95th............................  Maryon Pittman      June 8, 1978      Nov. 7, 1978      ......................
                                   Allen\12\.
95th-96th.......................  Donald W.           Nov. 8, 1978      Jan. 2, 1981
                                   Stewart\13\.
96th-99th.......................  Jeremiah            Jan. 2, 1981      Jan. 2, 1987
                                   Denton\14\.
100th-108th.....................  Richard C. Shelby.  Jan. 3, 1987      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Retired from the Senate Jan. 21, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Vacancy from Jan. 21, 1861, to
  June 25, 1868, because of Civil War.
\2\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865.
\3\Not sworn in until Jan. 15, 1872, because of protest.
\4\By governor, to fill vacancy; not sworn.
\5\By governor, to fill vacancy. Resigned Nov. 5, 1946.
\6\Elected Nov. 5, 1946, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1949.
\7\Retired from the Senate Jan. 21, 1861. Vacancy from Jan. 21, 1861, to June 25, 1868, because of Civil War.
\8\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867.
\9\Died Aug. 8, 1913. Vacancy from Aug. 8, 1913, to May 11, 1914. Henry D. Clayton; appointed by governor Aug.
  12, 1913, to fill vacancy; credentials withdrawn, Oct. 21, 1913, Frank P. Glass, appointed by governor Nov.
  17, 1913, but by Senate resolution, Feb. 4, 1914, was declared not entitled to a seat.
\10\By governor, to fill vacancy. Resigned Jan. 10, 1938.
\11\Elected Apr. 26, 1938, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 3, 1939.
\12\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1981, until election held on Nov. 7, 1978.
\13\Elected Nov. 7, 1978, to complete vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1981. Resigned Jan. 1, 1981.
\14\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1981.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Arkansas table.
            802  803
                                                                802  803

                                                     ALASKA
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86th-92d........................  E. L. Bartlett....  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1973      Died Dec. 11, 1968.
90th-107th......................  Ted Stevens\1\....  Dec. 24, 1968     Jan. 2, 2003      By gov., to fill vac.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86th-90th.......................  Ernest Gruening...  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1969      ......................
91st-96th.......................  Mike Gravel.......  Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1981
97th-108th......................  Frank H. Murkowski  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Nov. 3, 1970, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1973.


            804  805
                                                                804  805

                                                     ARIZONA
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
62d-76th........................  Henry Fountain      Mar. 27, 1912     Jan. 2, 1941      ......................
                                   Ashurst.
77th-82d........................  Ernest W.           Jan. 3, 1941      Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
                                   McFarland.
83d-88th........................  Barry Goldwater...  Jan. 3, 1953      Jan. 2, 1965      ......................
89th-94th.......................  Paul J. Fannin....  Jan. 3, 1965      Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
95th-103d.......................  Dennis DeConcini..  Jan. 3, 1977      Jan. 2, 1995      ......................
104th-106th.....................  Jon Kyl...........  Jan. 3, 1995      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
62d-66th........................  Marcus A. Smith...  Mar. 27, 1912     Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-69th.......................  Ralph H. Cameron..  Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
70th-90th.......................  Carl Hayden.......  Mar. 4, 1927      Jan. 2, 1969      ......................
91st-99th.......................  Barry Goldwater...  Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1987      ......................
100th-108th.....................  John S. McCain III  Jan. 3, 1987      Jan. 2, 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                See footnotes at end of 
            Arkansas table.
            806  807
                                                                806  807

                                                    ARKANSAS
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24th-29th.......................  William S. Fulton.  Sept. 18, 1836    Mar. 3, 1847      Died Aug. 15, 1844.
28th-32d........................  Chester Ashley....  Nov. 8, 1844      Mar. 3, 1853      Died Apr. 29, 1848.
30th............................  William K.          May 12, 1848      Nov. 16, 1848     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Sebastian.
30th-38th.......................  ......do.\1\......  Nov. 17, 1848     Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
40th-41st.......................  Alexander           June 22, 1868     Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
                                   McDonald\2\.
42d-44th........................  Powell Clayton....  Mar. 14, 1871     Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
45th-50th.......................  Augustus H.         Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1889      Res. Mar. 6, 1885.
                                   Garland.
49th-59th.......................  James H. Berry....  Mar. 20, 1885     Mar. 3, 1907      ......................
60th-62d........................  Jeff Davis........  Mar. 4, 1907      Mar. 3, 1913      Died Jan. 3, 1913.
62d.............................  John N. Heiskell..  Jan. 6, 1913      Jan. 29, 1913     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  William M.          Jan. 29, 1913     Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
                                   Kavanaugh.
63d-77th........................  Joseph T.           Mar. 4, 1913      Jan. 2, 1943      ......................
                                   Robinson\3\.
75th-77th.......................  John E. Miller\4\.  Nov. 15, 1937         Do.           ......................
77th............................  Lloyd Spencer.....  Apr. 1, 1941          Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
78th-95th.......................  John L. McClellan.  Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1979      Died Nov. 28, 1977.
95th............................  Kaneaster Hodges,   Dec. 10, 1977         Do.           ......................
                                   Jr.\5\.
96th-104th......................  David H. Pryor....  Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 1997      ......................
105th-107th.....................  Tim Hutchinson....  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24th-30th.......................  Ambrose H. Sevier.  Sept. 18, 1836    Mar. 3, 1849      Res. Mar. 15, 1848.
30th............................  Solon Borland.....  Mar. 30, 1848     Nov. 16, 1848     By gov., to fill vac.
30th-33d........................  ......do..........  Nov. 17, 1848     Mar. 3, 1855      Res. Apr. 3, 1853.
33d.............................  Robert W. Johnson.  July 6, 1853      Nov. 9, 1854      By gov., to fill vac.
33d-36th........................  ......do..........  Nov. 10, 1854     Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
37th-39th.......................  Charles B.          Mar. 4, 1861      Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
                                   Mitchel\6\.
40th-42d........................  Benjamin F.         June 23, 1868     Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
                                   Rice\7\.
43d-45th........................  Stephen W. Dorsey.  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-48th.......................  James D. Walker...  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1885      ......................
49th-57th.......................  James K. Jones....  Mar. 4, 1885      Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-66th.......................  James P. Clarke...  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 2, 1921      Died Oct. 1, 1916.
64th-66th.......................  William F. Kirby..  Nov. 8, 1916          Do.           ......................
67th-72d........................  Thaddeus H.         Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1933      Died Nov. 6, 1931.
                                   Caraway.
72d.............................  Mrs. Hattie W.      Nov. 13, 1931     Jan. 12, 1932     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Caraway.
72d-78th........................  ......do..........  Jan. 13, 1932     Jan. 2, 1945      ......................
79th-93d........................  J. William          Jan. 3, 1945      Jan. 2, 1975      Res. Dec. 31, 1974.
                                   Fulbright.
94th-105th......................  Dale Bumpers......  Jan. 3, 1975      Jan. 2, 1999      ......................
106th-108th.....................  Blanche L. Lincoln  Jan. 3, 1999      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Expelled July 11, 1861. Vacancy from July 11, 1861, to June 22, 1868, because of Civil War.
\2\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865.
\3\Elected Jan. 28, 1913. Took oath Mar. 10, 1913. Served as governor until Mar. 8, 1913. Died July 14, 1937.
  Vacancy from July 15 to Nov. 14, 1937.
\4\Elected Oct. 18, 1937. Served in House during interim. Resigned Mar. 31, 1941.
\5\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1979.
\6\Expelled July 11, 1861. Vacancy from July 11, 1861, to June 23, 1868, because of Civil War.
\7\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867.


                See footnotes at end of 
            California table.
                                                                808  809
            808  809

                                                   CALIFORNIA
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31st............................  John C. Fremont...  Sept. 9, 1850     Mar. 3, 1851      ......................
32d-34th........................  John B. Weller\1\.  Jan. 30, 1852     Mar. 3, 1857      ......................
35th-37th.......................  David C. Broderick  Mar. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1863      Died Sept. 16, 1859.
36th............................  Henry P. Haun.....  Nov. 3, 1859      Mar. 4, 1860      By gov., to fill vac.
36th-37th.......................  Milton S. Latham..  Jan. 11, 1860     Mar. 3, 1863      ......................
38th-40th.......................  John Conness......  Mar. 4, 1863      Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
41st-43d........................  Eugene Casserly...  Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875      Res. Nov. 29, 1873.
43d.............................  John S. Hager.....  Dec. 23, 1873         Do.           ......................
44th-46th.......................  Newton Booth......  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-49th.......................  John F. Miller....  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1887      Died Mar. 8, 1886.
49th............................  George Hearst.....  Mar. 23, 1886     Aug. 4, 1886      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Abram P. Williams.  Aug. 4, 1886      Mar. 3, 1887      ......................
50th-52d........................  George Hearst.....  Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1893      Died Feb. 28, 1891.
52d.............................  Charles N. Felton.  Mar. 19, 1891         Do.           ......................
53d-55th........................  Stephen M.          Mar. 4, 1893      Mar. 3, 1899
                                   White\2\.
56th-58th.......................  Thomas R. Bard....  Feb. 7, 1900      Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
59th-61st.......................  Frank P. Flint....  Mar. 4, 1905      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-64th........................  John D. Works.....  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
65th-79th.......................  Hiram W.            Mar. 4, 1917      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
                                   Johnson\3\.
78th-85th.......................  Wm. F. Knowland\4\  Aug. 26, 1945     Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-88th.......................  Clair Engle.......  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1965      Died July 30, 1964.
88th............................  Pierre Salinger\5\  Aug. 4, 1964      Dec. 31, 1964     By gov., to fill vac.
88th-91st.......................  George Murphy\6\..  Jan. 1, 1965      Jan. 2, 1971      Res. Jan. 2, 1971.
91st-94th.......................  John V. Tunney\7\.  Jan. 2, 1971      Jan. 2, 1977      Res. Jan. 1, 1977.
94th-97th.......................  S. I. Hayakawa\8\.  Jan. 2, 1977      Jan. 2, 1983      ......................
98th-102d.......................  Pete Wilson \9\...  Jan. 3, 1983      Jan. 2, 1995      Res. Jan. 7, 1991.
102d............................  John Seymour \10\.  Jan. 10, 1991     Nov. 3, 1992      By gov., to fill vac.
103d-106th......................  Dianne              Nov. 4, 1992      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................
                                   Feinstein\11\.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31st-33d........................  William M.          Sept. 9, 1850     Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
                                   Gwin\12\.
34th-36th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 13, 1857     Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
37th-39th.......................  James A. McDougall  Mar. 4, 1861      Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
40th-42d........................  Cornelius Cole....  Mar. 4, 1867      Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-45th........................  Aaron A. Sargent..  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-48th.......................  James T. Farley...  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1885      ......................
49th-54th.......................  Leland Stanford...  Mar. 4, 1885      Mar. 3, 1897      Died June 21, 1893.
53d.............................  George C. Perkins.  July 26, 1893     Jan. 22, 1895     By gov., to fill vac.
53d-63d.........................  ......do..........  Jan. 23, 1895     Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
64th-66th.......................  James D. Phelan...  Mar. 4, 1915      Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-72d........................  Samuel M.           Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
                                   Shortridge.
73d-75th........................  William Gibbs       Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1939      Res. Nov. 8, 1938.
                                   McAdoo.
75th............................  Thomas M. Storke..  Nov. 9, 1938          Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
76th-81st.......................  Sheridan Downey...  Jan. 3, 1939      Jan. 2, 1951      Res. Nov. 30, 1950.
81st............................  Richard M.          Dec. 4, 1950          Do.           ......................
                                   Nixon\13\.
82d-84th........................  ......do\14\......  Jan. 3, 1951      Jan. 2, 1957      ......................
83d-90th........................  Thomas H.           Jan. 2, 1953      Jan. 2, 1969      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Kuchel\15\.
91st-102d.......................  Alan Cranston.....  Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1993      ......................
103d-108th......................  Barbara Boxer.....  Jan. 3, 1993      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1851, to Jan. 30, 1852.
\2\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1899, to Feb. 7, 1900, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\3\Elected Nov. 7, 1916. Took oath Apr. 2, 1917. Governor during interim. Died Aug. 6, 1945.
\4\By governor, to fill vacancy. Elected Nov. 5, 1946, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1947, and also to
  fill term ending Jan. 2, 1953.
\5\Resigned Dec. 31, 1964.
\6\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1965.
\7\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1971.
\8\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1977.
\9\Resigned Jan. 7, 1991, having been elected Governor of California.
\10\By governor, to fill vacancy until Nov. 3, 1992.
\11\Elected Nov. 3, 1992, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1995.
\12\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1855, to Jan. 12, 1857, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\13\Elected Nov. 7, 1950. Oath administered on Dec. 4, 1950.
\14\Resigned Nov. 11, 1952, effective Jan. 1, 1953, having been elected Vice President.
\15\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1957.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Colorado table.
            810  811
                                                                810  811

                                                    COLORADO
                                                     Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
44th-47th.......................  Henry M. Teller...  Nov. 15, 1876     Mar. 3, 1883      Res. Apr. 17, 1882.
47th............................  George M. Chilcott  Apr. 17, 1882     Jan. 27, 1883     By gov., to fill vac.
47th............................  Horace A. W. Tabor  Jan. 27, 1883     Mar. 3, 1883      ......................
48th-50th.......................  Thomas M. Bowen...  Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1889      ......................
51st-56th.......................  Edward O. Wolcott.  Mar. 4, 1889      Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
57th-59th.......................  Thomas M.           Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1907      ......................
                                   Patterson.
60th-62d........................  Simon Guggenheim..  Mar. 4, 1907      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-65th........................  John F. Shafroth..  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
66th-71st.......................  Lawrence C. Phipps  Mar. 4, 1919      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
72d-74th........................  Edward P. Costigan  Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
75th-83d........................  Edwin C. Johnson..  Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1955      ......................
84th-92d........................  Gordon Allott.....  Jan. 3, 1955      Jan. 2, 1973      ......................
93d-95th........................  Floyd K. Haskell..  Jan. 3, 1973      Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
96th-101st......................  William L.          Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 1991
                                   Armstrong.
102d-104th......................  Hank Brown........  Jan. 3, 1991      Jan. 2, 1997      ......................
105th-107th.....................  Wayne Allard......  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
44th-45th.......................  Jerome B. Chaffee.  Nov. 15, 1876     Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-48th.......................  Nathaniel P. Hill.  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1885      ......................
49th-60th.......................  Henry M. Teller...  Mar. 4, 1885      Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
61st-63d........................  Charles J. Hughes,  Mar. 4, 1909      Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
                                   Jr.\1\.
62d-66th........................  Charles S. Thomas.  Jan. 15, 1913     Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-69th.......................  Samuel D.           Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1927      Died Mar. 24, 1923.
                                   Nicholson.
68th............................  Alva B. Adams.....  May 17, 1923      Nov. 30, 1924     By gov., to fill vac.
68th-69th.......................  Rice W. Means.....  Dec. 1, 1924      Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
70th-72d........................  Charles W.          Mar. 4, 1927      Mar. 3, 1933      Died Aug. 27, 1932.
                                   Waterman.
72d.............................  Walter Walker.....  Sept. 26, 1932    Dec. 6, 1932      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Karl C. Schuyler..  Dec. 7, 1932      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
73d-78th........................  Alva B. Adams.....  Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1945      Died Dec. 1, 1941.
77th............................  Eugene D. Millikin  Dec. 20, 1941     Nov. 3, 1942      By gov., to fill vac.
77th-84th.......................  ......do.\2\......  Nov. 4, 1942      Jan. 2, 1957      ......................
85th-87th.......................  John A. Carroll...  Jan. 3, 1957      Jan. 2, 1963      ......................
88th-93d........................  Peter H. Dominick.  Jan. 3, 1963      Jan. 2, 1975      ......................
94th-99th.......................  Gary W. Hart......  Jan. 3, 1975      Jan. 2, 1987      ......................
100th-102d......................  Timothy O. Wirth..  Jan. 3, 1987      Jan. 2, 1993
103d-108th......................  Ben Nighthorse      Jan. 3, 1993      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
                                   Campbell.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Died Jan. 11, 1911. Vacancy from Jan. 11, 1911, to Jan. 14, 1913, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\2\Elected Nov. 3, 1942, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1945.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Connecticut table.
                                                                812  813
            812  813

                                                   CONNECTICUT
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-4th.........................  Oliver Ellsworth..  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1797      Res. Mar. 8, 1796.
4th-13th........................  James Hillhouse...  May 12, 1796      Mar. 3, 1815      Res. June 10, 1810.
11th-16th.......................  Samuel W. Dana....  May 10, 1810      Mar. 3, 1821      ......................
17th-19th.......................  Elijah Boardman...  Mar. 4, 1821      Mar. 3, 1827      Died Oct. 8, 1823.
18th............................  Henry W. Edwards..  Oct. 8, 1823      May 4, 1824       By gov., to fill vac.
18th-19th.......................  ......do..........  May 5, 1824       Mar. 3, 1827      ......................
20th-22d........................  Samuel A. Foot....  Mar. 4, 1827      Mar. 3, 1833      ......................
23d-25th........................  Nathan Smith......  Mar. 4, 1833      Mar. 3, 1839      Died Dec. 6, 1835.
24th............................  John M. Niles.....  Dec. 14, 1835     May 3, 1836       By gov., to fill vac.
24th-25th.......................  ......do..........  May 4, 1836       Mar. 3, 1839      ......................
26th-28th.......................  Thaddeus Betts....  Mar. 4, 1839      Mar. 3, 1845      Died Apr. 7, 1840.
26th-31st.......................  Jabez W.            May 4, 1840       Mar. 3, 1851      Died Nov. 2, 1847.
                                   Huntington.
30th............................  Roger S. Baldwin..  Nov. 11, 1847     May 2, 1848       By gov., to fill vac.
30th-31st.......................  ......do..........  May 3, 1848       Mar. 3, 1851      ......................
32d-34th........................  Isaac Toucey\1\...  May 12, 1852      Mar. 3, 1857      ......................
35th-40th.......................  James Dixon.......  Mar. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
41st-43d........................  William A.          Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875      Died Feb. 5, 1875.
                                   Buckingham.
43d.............................  William W. Eaton..  Feb. 5, 1875          Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
44th-46th.......................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-58th.......................  Joseph R. Hawley..  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
59th-61st.......................  Morgan G. Bulkeley  Mar. 4, 1905      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-70th........................  George P. McLean..  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1929      ......................
71st-73d........................  Frederic C.         Mar. 4, 1929      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
                                   Walcott.
74th-79th.......................  Francis Maloney...  Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1947      Died Jan. 16, 1945.
79th............................  Thomas C. Hart....  Feb. 15, 1945     Nov. 5, 1946      By gov., to fill vac.
80th-82d........................  Raymond E.          Dec. 27, 1946     Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
                                   Baldwin\2\.
81st-82d........................  William Benton\3\.  Dec. 17, 1949     Jan. 2, 1953      By gov., to fill vac.
83d-85th........................  William A. Purtell  Jan. 3, 1953      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-91st.......................  Thomas J. Dodd....  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1971      ......................
92d-100th.......................  Lowell P. Weicker,  Jan. 3, 1971      Jan. 2, 1989      ......................
                                   Jr.
101st-106th.....................  Joseph I.           Jan. 3, 1989      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................
                                   Lieberman.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-3d..........................  William S. Johnson  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1795      Res. Mar. 4, 1791.
2d-3d...........................  Roger Sherman.....  June 13, 1791         Do.           Died July 23, 1793.
3d..............................  Stephen M.          Dec. 2, 1793          Do.           ......................
                                   Mitchell.
4th-6th.........................  Jonathan Trumbull.  Mar. 4, 1795      Mar. 3, 1801      Res. June 10, 1796.
4th-12th........................  Uriah Tracy.......  Oct. 13, 1796     Mar. 3, 1813      Died July 19, 1807.
10th-15th.......................  Chauncey Goodrich.  Oct. 25, 1807     Mar. 3, 1819      Res. in May 1813.
13th-15th.......................  David Daggett.....  May 13, 1813          Do.           ......................
16th-18th.......................  James Lanman......  Mar. 4, 1819      Mar. 3, 1825      ......................
19th-21st.......................  ......do.\4\......  Mar. 4, 1825      Mar. 3, 1831      ......................
  Do............................  Calvin Willey.....  Mar. 4, 1825          Do.           ......................
22d-24th........................  Gideon Tomlinson..  Mar. 4, 1831      Mar. 3, 1837      ......................
25th-27th.......................  Perry Smith.......  Mar. 4, 1837      Mar. 3, 1843      ......................
28th-30th.......................  John M. Niles.....  Mar. 4, 1843      Mar. 3, 1849      ......................
31st-33d........................  Truman Smith\5\...  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
33d.............................  Francis Gillette..  May 25, 1854          Do.           ......................
34th-39th.......................  Lafayette S.        Mar. 4, 1855      Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
                                   Foster.
40th-45th.......................  Orris S. Ferry....  Mar. 4, 1867      Mar. 3, 1879      Died Nov. 21, 1875.
44th............................  James E. English..  Nov. 27, 1875     May 17, 1876      By gov., to fill vac.
44th-45th.......................  William H. Barnum.  May 17, 1876      Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-60th.......................  Orville H. Platt..  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1909      Died Apr. 21, 1905.
59th-69th.......................  Frank B.            May 10, 1905      Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
                                   Brandegee\6\.
68th-72d........................  Hiram Bingham.....  Dec. 17, 1924     Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
73d-75th........................  Augustine Lonergan  Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1939      ......................
76th-78th.......................  John A. Danaher...  Jan. 3, 1939      Jan. 2, 1945      ......................
79th-84th.......................  Brien McMahon.....  Jan. 3, 1945      Jan. 2, 1957      Died July 28, 1952.
82d.............................  William A. Purtell  Aug. 29, 1952     Nov. 4, 1952      By gov., to fill vac.
82d-87th........................  Prescott Bush\7\..  Nov. 5, 1952      Jan. 3, 1963      ......................
88th-96th.......................  Abraham Ribicoff..  Jan. 3, 1963      Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
97th-108th......................  Christoper J. Dodd  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1851, to May 11, 1852, because of failure of governor to appoint.
\2\Elected Nov. 6, 1946; took oath Dec. 27, 1946. Governor during interim. Resigned Dec. 17, 1949.
\3\Elected Nov. 7, 1950.
\4\By governor, to fill vacancy. Not admitted. Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1825, because of recess of legislature.
\5\Resigned Apr. 11, 1854, to take effect May 24, 1854.
\6\Died Oct. 14, 1924. Vacancy from Oct. 15 to Dec. 16, 1924, when a successor was elected.
\7\Elected Nov. 4, 1952, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1957.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Delaware table.
            814  815
                                                                814  815

                                                    DELAWARE
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-4th.........................  George Read\1\....  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1797      ......................
3d-7th..........................  Henry Latimer.....  Feb. 7, 1795      Mar. 3, 1803      Res. Feb. 28, 1801.
6th-7th.........................  Samuel White......  Feb. 28, 1801     Jan. 13, 1802     By gov., to fill vac.
7th-13th........................  ......do..........  Jan. 14, 1802     Mar. 3, 1815      Died Nov. 4, 1809.
11th-16th.......................  Outerbridge Horsey  Jan. 12, 1810     Mar. 3, 1821      ......................
17th-19th.......................  Caesar A. Rodney..  Jan. 10, 1822     Mar. 3, 1827      Res. Jan. 29, 1823.
18th-19th.......................  Thomas Clayton....  Jan. 8, 1824          Do.           ......................
20th-22d........................  Louis McLane......  Mar. 4, 1827      Mar. 3, 1833      Res. Apr. 16, 1829.
21st-25th.......................  Arnold Naudain....  Jan. 7, 1830      Mar. 3, 1839      Res. June 16, 1836.
24th-28th.......................  Richard H.          June 17, 1836     Mar. 3, 1845      ......................
                                   Bayard\2\.
29th-31st.......................  John M Clayton....  Mar. 4, 1845      Mar. 3, 1851      Res. Feb. 23, 1849.
30th-31st.......................  John Wales........  Feb. 23, 1849         Do.           ......................
32d-40th........................  James Asheton       Mar. 4, 1851      Mar. 3, 1869      Res. Jan. 29, 1864.
                                   Bayard, Jr.
38th-40th.......................  George Read Riddle  Jan. 29, 1864         Do.           Died Mar. 29, 1867.
40th............................  James Asheton       Apr. 5, 1867      Jan. 18, 1869     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Bayard, Jr.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Jan. 19, 1869     Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
41st-49th.......................  Thomas F. Bayard,   Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1887      Res. Mar. 6, 1885.
                                   Sr.
49th-55th.......................  George Gray.......  Mar. 18, 1885     Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
57th-58th.......................  L. Heisler Ball\3\  Mar. 2, 1903      Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
59th-64th.......................  Henry A. du         June 13, 1906     Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
                                   Pont\4\.
65th-67th.......................  Josiah O. Wolcott.  Mar. 4, 1917      Mar. 3, 1923      Res. July 2, 1921.
67th............................  T. Coleman du Pont  July 7, 1921      Nov. 6, 1922      By gov., to fill vac.
67th-70th.......................  Thomas F. Bayard,   Nov. 7, 1922      Mar. 3, 1929      ......................
                                   Jr.
71st-76th.......................  John G. Townsend,   Mar. 4, 1929      Jan. 2, 1941      ......................
                                   Jr.
77th-79th.......................  James M. Tunnell..  Jan 3, 1941       Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
80th-91st.......................  John J. Williams..  Jan 3, 1947       Jan. 2, 1971      Res. Dec. 31, 1970
91st-106th......................  William V. Roth,    Jan. 1, 1971      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................
                                   Jr.\5\.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d..........................  Richard Bassett...  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1793      ......................
3d-5th..........................  John Vining.......  Mar. 4, 1793      Mar. 3, 1799      Res. Jan. 19, 1798.
5th.............................  Joshua Clayton....  Jan. 19, 1798         Do.           Died Aug. 11, 1798.
5th-8th.........................  William Hill Wells  Jan. 17, 1799     Mar. 3, 1805      Res. Nov. 6, 1804.
8th-14th........................  James Asheton       Nov. 13, 1804     Mar. 3, 1817      Res. Mar. 3, 1813.
                                   Bayard, Sr.
13th-14th.......................  William Hill Wells  May 28, 1813          Do.           ......................
15th-20th.......................  Nicholas Van Dyke.  Mar. 4, 1817      Mar. 3, 1829      Died May 21, 1826.
19th............................  Daniel Rodney.....  Nov. 8, 1826      Jan. 12, 1827     By gov., to fill vac.
19th-20th.......................  Henry M. Ridgely..  Jan. 12, 1827     Mar. 3, 1829
21st-26th.......................  John M. Clayton...  Mar. 4, 1829      Mar. 3, 1841      Res. Dec. 29, 1836.
24th-29th.......................  Thomas Clayton....  Jan. 9, 1837      Mar. 3, 1847
30th-32d........................  Presley Spruance..  Mar. 4, 1847      Mar. 3, 1853
33d-35th........................  John M. Clayton...  Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1859      Died Nov. 9, 1856.
34th............................  Joseph P. Comegys.  Nov. 19, 1856     Jan. 14, 1857     By gov., to fill vac.
34th-35th.......................  Martin W. Bates...  Jan. 14, 1857     Mar. 3, 1859
36th-41st.......................  Willard Saulsbury,  Mar. 4, 1859      Mar. 3, 1871
                                   Sr.
42d-50th........................  Eli Saulsbury.....  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1889
51st-53d........................  Anthony Higgins...  Mar. 4, 1889      Mar. 3, 1895
54th-56th.......................  Richard R.          Jan. 19, 1897     Mar. 3, 1901
                                   Kenney\6\.
57th-59th.......................  James F. Allee\7\.  Mar. 2, 1903      Mar. 3, 1907
60th-62d........................  Harry A.            Mar. 4, 1907      Mar. 3, 1913
                                   Richardson.
63d-65th........................  Willard Saulsbury,  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1919
                                   Jr.
66th-68th.......................  L. Heisler Ball...  Mar. 4, 1919      Mar. 3, 1925
69th-70th.......................  T. Coleman du Pont  Mar. 4, 1925      Mar. 3, 1931      Res. Dec. 9, 1928.
70th-71st.......................  Daniel O. Hastings  Dec. 10, 1928     Nov. 4, 1930      By gov., to fill vac.
71st-74th.......................  ......do..........  Nov. 5, 1930      Jan. 2, 1937
75th-77th.......................  James H. Hughes...  Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1943
78th-80th.......................  C. Douglass Buck..  Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1949
81st-86th.......................  J. Allen Frear, Jr  Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1961
87th-92d........................  J. Caleb Boggs....  Jan. 3, 1961      Jan. 2, 1973
93d-107th.......................  Joseph R. Biden,    Jan. 3, 1973      Jan. 2, 2003
                                   Jr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Resigned Sept. 18, 1793. Vacancy from Sept. 18, 1793, to Feb. 7, 1795. Kensey Johns was appointed by governor
  Mar. 19, 1794, to fill vacancy, but by Senate resolution of Mar. 28, 1794, was declared not entitled to a
  seat.
\2\Resigned Sept. 19, 1839. Reelected, serving from Jan. 12, 1841, to Mar. 3, 1845. Vacancy from Sept. 19, 1839,
  to Jan. 11, 1841.
\3\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1899, to Mar. 2, 1903, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\4\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1905, to June 13, 1906, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\5\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1971.
\6\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1895, to Jan. 19, 1897, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\7\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1901, to Mar. 2, 1903, because of failure of legislature to elect.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Florida table.
                                                                816  817
            816  817

                                                     FLORIDA
                                                     Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29th-31st.......................  David Levy          July 1, 1845      Mar. 3, 1851
                                   Yulee\1\.
32d-37th........................  Stephen R.          Mar. 4, 1851      Mar. 3, 1863
                                   Mallory\2\.
40th............................  Adonijah S.         June 17, 1868     Mar. 3, 1869
                                   Welch\3\.
41st-43d........................  Abijah Gilbert....  Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875
44th-49th.......................  Charles W.          Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1887
                                   Jones\4\.
50th-52d........................  Samuel Pasco......  May 19, 1887      Mar. 3, 1893
53d.............................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1893      Apr. 19, 1893     By gov., to fill vac.
53d-55th........................  ......do..........  Apr. 20, 1893     Mar. 3, 1899
56th............................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1899      Apr. 18, 1899         Do.
56th-58th.......................  James P.            Apr. 19, 1899     Mar. 3, 1905
                                   Taliaferro.
59th............................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1905      Apr. 19, 1905         Do.
59th-61st.......................  ......do..........  Apr. 20, 1905     Mar. 3, 1911
62d.............................  Nathan P. Bryan...  Mar. 4, 1911      Apr. 18, 1911
62d-64th........................  ......do..........  Apr. 19, 1911     Mar. 3, 1917
65th-76th.......................  Park Trammell.....  Mar. 4, 1917      Jan. 2, 1941      Died May 8, 1936.
74th............................  Scott M. Loftin...  May 26, 1936      Nov. 3, 1936      By gov., to fill vac.
74th-79th.......................  Charles O. Andrews  Nov. 4, 1936      Jan. 2, 1947      Died Sept. 18, 1946
79th-91st.......................  Spessard L.         Sept. 25, 1946    Jan. 2, 1971
                                   Holland\5\.
92d-100th.......................  Lawton Chiles.....  Jan. 3, 1971      Jan. 2, 1989      ......................
101st-106th.....................  Connie Mack.......  Jan. 3, 1989      Jan. 2, 2001
29th-30th.......................  James D. Westcott,  July 1, 1845      Mar. 3, 1849
                                   Jr.
31st-33d........................  Jackson Morton....  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1855
34th-36th.......................  David L. Yulee\6\.  Mar. 4, 1855      Mar. 3, 1861
40th-42d........................  Thomas W.           June 18, 1868     Mar. 3, 1873
                                   Osborn\7\.
43d-45th........................  Simon B. Conover..  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1879
46th-54th.......................  Wilkinson Call\8\.  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1897
55th-57th.......................  Stephen R. Mallory  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1903
58th............................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1903      Apr. 21, 1903     By gov., to fill vac.
58th-60th.......................  ......do..........  Apr. 22, 1903     Mar. 3, 1909      Died Dec. 23, 1907.
60th............................  William J.          Dec. 26, 1907         Do.
                                   Bryan\9\.
  Do............................  William H. Milton.  Mar. 27, 1908         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
61st............................  Duncan U.           Mar. 4, 1909      Apr. 20, 1909
                                   Fletcher\10\.
61st-75th.......................  ......do..........  Apr. 21, 1909     Jan. 2, 1939      Died June 17, 1936.
74th............................  William L. Hill...  July 1, 1936      Nov. 3, 1936      By gov., to fill vac.
74th-81st.......................  Claude Pepper.....  Nov. 4, 1936      Jan. 2, 1951
82d-90th........................  George A. Smathers  Jan. 3, 1951      Jan. 2, 1969
91st-93d........................  Edward J. Gurney..  Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1975      Res. Dec. 31, 1974.
93d-96th........................  Richard (Dick)      Jan. 1, 1975      Jan. 2, 1981
                                   Stone\11\.
96th-99th.......................  Paula Hawkins\12\.  Jan. 1, 1981      Jan. 2, 1987
100th-108th.....................  Bob Graham........  Jan. 3, 1987      Jan. 2, 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Joint credentials of David Levy and James D. Westcott, Jr., dated July 1, 1845. Name David Levy changed to
  David Levy Yulee by an act of the Legislature of Florida (Sen. Jour., Jan. 12, 1846).
\2\Retired from the Senate Jan. 21, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Vacancy from Jan. 21, 1861, to
  June 17, 1868, because of Civil War. Wilkinson Call presented credentials of an election held on Dec. 29,
  1865, but was not seated.
\3\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1863.
\4\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to May 19, 1887; Jesse J. Finley was appointed on Feb. 28, 1887 but never qualified for
  the reason that President pro tempore Ingalls had held that the appointment having been anticipated was not
  valid and a successor had been elected.
\5\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1947.
\6\Retired from the Senate Jan. 21, 1861. Vacancy from Jan. 21, 1861, to June 18, 1868, because of Civil War.
  William Marvin presented credentials of an election held on Dec. 29, 1865, for term ending Mar. 3, 1867, and
  of an election held on Nov. 28, 1866, for term commencing Mar. 4, 1867, but was not seated.
\7\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867.
\8\Vacancy from Mar. 4, to May 24, 1897. John A. Henderson was appointed by the governor on Mar. 6, 1897, but
  was not seated.
\9\By governor, to fill vacancy. Died Mar. 22, 1908.
\10\By governor, for term commencing Mar. 3, 1909.
\11\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1975. Resigned Dec. 31, 1980.
\12\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1981.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Georgia table.
                                                                818  819
            818  819

                                                     GEORGIA
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d..........................  William Few.......  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1793
2d-5th..........................  James Jackson.....  Mar. 4, 1793      Mar. 3, 1799      Res. in 1795.
3d..............................  George Walton.....  Nov. 16, 1795     Feb. 20, 1796     By gov., to fill vac.
4th-5th.........................  Josiah Tatnall....  Feb. 20, 1796     Mar. 3, 1799
6th-11th........................  Abraham Baldwin...  Mar. 4, 1799      Mar. 3, 1811      Died Mar. 4, 1807.
10th............................  George Jones......  Aug. 27, 1807     Nov. 7, 1807      By gov., to fill vac.
10th-14th.......................  William H.          Nov. 7, 1807      Mar. 3, 1817      Res. Mar. 23, 1813.
                                   Crawford.
13th............................  William B. Bulloch  Apr. 8, 1813      Nov. 6, 1813      By gov., to fill vac.
13th-14th.......................  William Wyatt Bibb  Nov. 6, 1813      Mar. 3, 1817      Res. Nov. 9, 1816.
14th-17th.......................  George Michael      Nov. 13, 1816     Mar. 3, 1823      Res. Sept. 23, 1818.
                                   Troup.
15th-17th.......................  John Forsyth\1\...  Nov. 23, 1818         Do.
16th-17th.......................  Freeman Walker....  Nov. 6, 1819          Do.           Res. Aug. 8, 1821.
17th-20th.......................  Nicholas Ware.....  Nov. 10, 1821     Mar. 3, 1829      Died Sept. 7, 1824.
18th-20th.......................  Thomas W. Cobb....  Nov. 4, 1824          Do.           Res. in 1828.
20th............................  Oliver H. Prince..  Nov. 7, 1828          Do.
21st-23d........................  George Michael      Mar. 4, 1829      Mar. 3, 1835      Res. Mar. 2, 1833.
                                   Troup.
23d-26th........................  John Pendleton      Nov. 21, 1833     Mar. 3, 1841      Res. Nov. 1, 1837.
                                   King.
25th-26th.......................  Wilson Lumpkin....  Nov. 22, 1837         Do.
27th-29th.......................  John Macpherson     Mar. 4, 1841      Mar. 3, 1847      Res. May 1845.
                                   Berrien.
29th............................  ......do.\2\......  Nov. 14, 1845         Do.
30th-32d........................  ......do..........  Nov.13, 1847      Mar. 3, 1853      Res. May 28, 1852.
32d.............................  Robert M. Charlton  May 31, 1852          Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
33d-38th........................  Robert Toombs\3\..  Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1865
40th-41st.......................  Homer V. M.         July 28, 1868     Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
                                   Miller\4\.
42d-44th........................  Thomas M.           Nov. 14, 1871     Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
                                   Norwood\5\.
45th-47th.......................  Benjamin H. Hill..  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1883      Died Aug. 16, 1882.
47th............................  Pope Barrow.......  Nov. 15, 1882         Do.           ......................
48th-53d........................  Alfred H. Colquitt  Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1895      Died Mar. 26, 1894.
53d.............................  Patrick Walsh.....  Apr. 2, 1894      Nov. 6, 1894      By gov., to fill vac.
    Do..........................  ......do..........  Nov. 7, 1894      Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
54th-59th.......................  Augustus O. Bacon.  Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1907      ......................
60th............................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1907      July 8, 1907          Do.
60th-62d........................  ......do..........  July 9, 1907      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d.............................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1913      July 9, 1913          Do.
63d-65th........................  ......do..........  July 10, 1913     Mar. 3, 1919      Died Feb. 14, 1914.
63d.............................  William S. West...  Mar. 2, 1914      Nov. 3, 1914      By gov., to fill vac.
63d-65th........................  Thomas W. Hardwick  Nov. 4, 1914      Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
66th-74th.......................  William J. Harris.  Mar. 4, 1919      Jan. 2, 1937      Died Apr. 18, 1932.
72d.............................  John S. Cohen.....  Apr. 25, 1932     Jan. 11, 1933     By gov., to fill vac.
72d-92d.........................  Richard B. Russell  Jan. 12, 1933     Jan. 2, 1973      Died Jan. 21, 1971.
92d.............................  David H. Gambrell.  Feb. 1, 1971      Nov. 7, 1972      By gov., to fill vac.
92d-104th.......................  Sam Nunn\6\.......  Nov. 8, 1972      Jan. 2, 1997      ......................
105th-107th.....................  Max Cleland.......  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-6th.........................  James Gunn........  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1801      ......................
7th-9th.........................  James Jackson.....  Mar. 4, 1801      Mar. 3, 1807      Died Mar. 19, 1806.
9th-12th........................  John Milledge.....  June 19, 1806     Mar. 3, 1813      Res. Nov. 14, 1809.
11th-15th.......................  Charles Tait......  Nov. 27, 1809     Mar. 3, 1819      ......................
16th-18th.......................  John Elliott......  Mar. 4, 1819      Mar. 3, 1825      ......................
19th-21st.......................  John Macpherson     Mar. 4, 1825      Mar. 3, 1831      Res. Mar. 9, 1829.
                                   Berrien.
21st-24th.......................  John Forsyth......  Nov. 9, 1829      Mar. 3, 1837      Res. June 27, 1834.
23d-27th........................  Alfred Cuthbert...  Jan 12, 1835      Mar. 3, 1843      ......................
28th-30th.......................  Walter T. Colquitt  Mar. 4, 1843      Mar. 3, 1849      Res. Feb. 1848.
30th............................  Herschel V.         Feb. 4, 1848          Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Johnson\7\.
31st-33d........................  William C. Dawson.  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
34th-36th.......................  Alfred Iverson\8\.  Mar. 4, 1855      Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
40th-42d........................  Joshua Hill\9\....  July 28, 1868     Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-48th........................  John B. Gordon\10\  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1885      ......................
46th............................  Joseph E. Brown...  May 26, 1880      Nov. 15, 1880     By gov., to fill vac.
46th-51st.......................  ......do..........  Nov. 16, 1880     Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
52d-54th........................  John B. Gordon....  Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-63d........................  Alexander S. Clay.  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1915      Died Nov. 13, 1910.
61st-63d........................  Joseph M.           Nov. 17, 1910         Do.           ......................
                                   Terrell\11\.
62d-66th........................  Hoke Smith\12\....  Nov. 16, 1911     Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-69th.......................  Thomas E. Watson..  Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1927      Died Sept. 26, 1922.
67th............................  Mrs. Rebecca L.     Oct. 3, 1922      Nov. 21, 1922     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Felton.
67th-84th.......................  Walter F. George..  Nov. 22, 1922     Jan. 2, 1957      ......................
85th-96th.......................  Herman E. Talmadge  Jan. 3, 1957      Jan. 2, 1981
97th-99th.......................  Mack Mattingly....  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 1987
100th-102d......................  Wyche Fowler, Jr..  Jan. 3, 1987      Jan. 2, 1993
103d-108th......................  Paul Coverdell\13\  Jan 3, 1993       Jan. 2, 2005      Died July 18, 2000.
106th...........................  Zell Bryan          July 27, 2000     Nov. 7, 2000      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Miller\14\.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Nov. 7, 1818. Served in House during interim. Resigned Feb. 17, 1819.
\2\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Nov. 12, 1847, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\3\Retired from the Senate Feb. 4, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Vacancy from Feb. 4, 1861, to July
  28, 1868, because of Civil War.
\4\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865.  Took oath on Feb. 24, 1871, as prescribed in
  joint resolution approved Feb. 23, 1871.
\5\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Nov. 13, 1871.  Foster Blodgett presented credentials, but was not permitted to
  qualify, and on Dec. 19, 1871, was adjudged not elected in accordance with the Constitution.
\6\Elected Nov. 7, 1972, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1973, and also to full term ending Jan. 2, 1979.
\7\Senator-elect in 1866, but was not permitted to qualify.
\8\Retired from Senate Jan. 28, 1861.  Vacancy from Jan. 28, 1861, to July 28, 1868, because of Civil War.
\9\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867.
\10\Tendered resignation May 14, 1880, and retired from the Senate May 26, 1880.
\11\By governor, to fill vacancy.  Resigned July 14, 1911.
\12\Elected July 12, 1911.  Took oath Dec. 4, 1911.  Governor during interim.
\13\Died July 18, 2000. Vacancy from July 18, 2000, to July 27, 2000. Zell Bryan Miller appointed by governor to
  fill vacancy.
\14\By governor, to fill vacancy until special election held Nov. 7, 2000.; elected Nov. 7, 2000


                  
            820  821

                                                     HAWAII
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86th-94th.......................  Hiram L. Fong.....  Aug. 21, 1959     Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
95th-101st......................  Spark M. Matsunaga  Jan. 3, 1977      Jan. 2, 1995      Died Apr. 15, 1990.
101st-106th.....................  Daniel K. Akaka     May 16, 1990      Jan. 2, 2001      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   \1\.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86th-87th.......................  Oren E. Long......  Aug. 21, 1959     Jan. 2, 1963      ......................
88th-108th......................  Daniel K. Inouye..  Jan. 3, 1963      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\By governor, to fill vacancy until Nov. 6, 1990. Elected to fill unexpired term ending Jan. 2, 1995.


                  
                                                                822  823
            822  823

                                                      IDAHO
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-56th.......................  George L. Shoup...  Dec. 18, 1890     Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
57th-59th.......................  Fred T. Dubois....  Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1907      ......................
60th-77th.......................  William E. Borah..  Mar. 4, 1907      Jan. 2, 1943      Died Jan. 19, 1940.
76th............................  John Thomas.......  Jan. 27, 1940     Nov. 5, 1940      By gov., to fill vac.
76th-80th.......................  ......do..........  Nov. 6, 1940      Jan. 2, 1949      Died Nov. 10, 1945.
79th............................  Charles C. Gossett  Nov. 17, 1945     Jan. 3, 1947      By gov., to fill vac.
80th............................  Henry C. Dworshak.  Jan. 4, 1947      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
81st-83d........................  Bert H. Miller....  Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1955      Died Oct. 8, 1949.
    Do..........................  Henry C.            Oct. 14, 1949     Jan. 2, 1955      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Dworshak\1\.
84th-89th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 3, 1955      Jan. 2, 1967      Died July 23, 1962.
87th-92d........................  Len B. Jordan\2\..  Aug. 6, 1962      Jan. 2, 1973      By gov., to fill vac.
93d-101st.......................  James A. McClure..  Jan. 3, 1973      Jan. 2, 1991      ......................
102d-107th......................  Larry E. Craig....  Jan. 3, 1991      Jan. 2, 2003

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st............................  William J.          Dec. 18, 1890     Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
                                   McConnell.
52d-54th........................  Fred T. Dubois....  Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-57th.......................  Henry Heitfeld....  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-63d........................  Weldon B. Heyburn.  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1915      Died Oct. 17, 1912.
62d.............................  Kirtland I. Perky.  Nov. 18, 1912     Feb. 5, 1913      By gov., to fill vac.
62d-66th........................  James H. Brady....  Feb. 6, 1913      Mar. 3, 1921      Died Jan. 13, 1918.
65th............................  John F. Nugent....  Jan. 22, 1918     Nov. 4, 1918      By gov., to fill vac.
66th............................  John F. Nugent....  Nov. 5, 1918      Mar. 3, 1921      Res. Jan 14, 1921.
    Do..........................  Frank R. Gooding..  Jan. 15, 1921         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
67th-72d........................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1933      Died June 24, 1928.
70th............................  John Thomas.......  June 30, 1928     Nov. 5, 1928      By gov., to fill vac.
70th-72d........................  ......do..........  Nov. 6, 1928      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
73d-75th........................  James P. Pope.....  Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1939      ......................
76th-78th.......................  D. Worth Clark....  Jan. 3, 1939      Jan. 2, 1945      ......................
79th-81st.......................  Glen H. Taylor....  Jan. 3, 1945      Jan. 2, 1951      ......................
82d-84th........................  Herman Welker.....  Jan. 3, 1951      Jan. 2, 1957      ......................
85th-96th.......................  Frank Church......  Jan. 3, 1957      Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
97th-102d.......................  Steven D. Symms...  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 1993      ......................
103d-105th......................  Dirk Kempthorne...  Jan. 3, 1993      Jan. 2, 1999      ......................
106th-108th.....................  Mike Crapo........  Jan. 3, 1999      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Nov. 7, 1950.
\2\Elected Nov. 6, 1962, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1967.


                  
                                                                824  825
            824  825

                                                    ILLINOIS
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15th-20th.......................  Jesse B. Thomas...  Dec. 3, 1818      Mar. 3, 1829      ......................
21st-23d........................  John McLean.......  Mar. 4, 1829      Mar. 3, 1835      Died Oct. 14, 1830.
21st............................  David J. Baker....  Nov. 12, 1830     Dec. 11, 1830     By gov., to fill vac.
21st-26th.......................  John M. Robinson..  Dec. 11, 1830     Mar. 3, 1841      ......................
27th-29th.......................  Samuel McRoberts..  Mar. 4, 1841      Mar. 3, 1847      Died Mar. 27, 1843.
28th............................  James Semple......  Aug. 16, 1843     Dec. 10, 1844     By gov., to fill vac.
28th-29th.......................  ......do..........  Dec. 11, 1844     Mar. 3, 1847      ......................
30th-38th.......................  Stephen A. Douglas  Mar. 4, 1847      Mar. 3, 1865      Died June 3, 1861.
37th............................  Orville H.          June 26, 1861     Jan. 12, 1863     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Browning.
37th-38th.......................  William A.          Jan. 12, 1863     Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
                                   Richardson.
39th-41st.......................  Richard Yates.....  Mar. 4, 1865      Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
42d-44th........................  John A. Logan.....  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
45th-47th.......................  David Davis.......  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1883      ......................
48th-62d........................  Shelby M. Cullom..  Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-65th........................  James Hamilton      Mar. 26, 1913     Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
                                   Lewis\1\.
66th-68th.......................  Medill McCormick..  Mar. 4, 1919      Mar. 3, 1925      Died Feb. 25, 1925.
68th............................  Charles S. Deneen.  Feb. 26, 1925         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
69th-71st.......................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1925      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
72d-77th........................  James Hamilton      Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1943      Died Apr. 9, 1939.
                                   Lewis.
76th............................  James M. Slattery.  Apr. 14, 1939     Nov. 21, 1940     By gov., to fill vac.
76th-80th.......................  C. Wayland Brooks.  Nov. 22, 1940     Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
81st-89th.......................  Paul H. Douglas...  Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1967      ......................
90th-98th.......................  Charles H. Percy..  Jan. 3, 1967      Jan. 2, 1985      ......................
99th-104th......................  Paul Simon........  Jan. 3, 1985      Jan. 2, 1997      ......................
105th-107th.....................  Richard J. Durbin.  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15th-18th.......................  Ninian Edwards....  Dec. 3, 1818      Mar. 3, 1825      Res. Mar. 4, 1824.
18th............................  John McLean.......  Nov. 23, 1824         Do.           ......................
19th-24th.......................  Elias K. Kane.....  Mar. 4, 1825      Mar. 3, 1837      Died Dec. 11, 1835.
24th............................  William Lee D.      Dec. 30, 1835         Do.           ......................
                                   Ewing.
25th-27th.......................  Richard M. Young..  Mar. 4, 1837      Mar. 3, 1843      ......................
28th-30th.......................  Sidney Breese.....  Mar. 4, 1843      Mar. 3, 1849      ......................
31st-33d........................  James Shields\2\..  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
34th-42d........................  Lyman Trumbull....  Mar. 4, 1855      Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-45th........................  Richard J. Oglesby  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-51st.......................  John A. Logan.....  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1891      Died Dec. 26, 1886.
49th-51st.......................  Charles B. Farwell  Jan. 19, 1877         Do.           ......................
52d-54th........................  John McAuley        Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
                                   Palmer.
55th-57th.......................  William E. Mason..  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-60th.......................  Albert J. Hopkins.  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
61st-63d........................  William Lorimer\3\  June 18, 1909     Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
63d.............................  Lawrence Y.         Mar. 26, 1913         Do.           ......................
                                   Sherman\4\.
64th-66th.......................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1915      Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-69th.......................  William B.          Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1927      Died Dec. 7, 1926.
                                   McKinley.
70th-72d........................  Frank L. Smith\5\.  Mar. 4, 1927      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
71st-72d........................  Otis F. Glenn.....  Dec. 3, 1928          Do.           ......................
73d-75th........................  William H.          Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1939      ......................
                                   Dieterich.
76th-81st.......................  Scott W. Lucas....  Jan. 3, 1939      Jan. 2, 1951      ......................
82d-93d.........................  Everett McKinley    Jan. 3, 1951      Jan. 2, 1975      Died Sept. 7, 1969.
                                   Dirksen.
91st............................  Ralph Tyler Smith.  Sept. 17, 1969    Nov. 16, 1970     By gov., to fill vac.
91st-96th.......................  Adlai E. Stevenson  Nov. 17, 1970     Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
                                   III\6\.
97th-102d.......................  Alan J. Dixon.....  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 1993      ......................
103d-105th......................  Carol Moseley-      Jan. 3, 1993      Jan. 2, 1999      ......................
                                   Braun.
106th-108th.....................  Peter G.            Jan. 3, 1999      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
                                   Fitzgerald.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Mar. 25, 1913, because of recess of legislature.
\2\Vacancy from Mar. 16 to Dec. 2, 1849, Mr. Shields not having been a citizen the term of years required by
  law. Subsequently elected for the term.
\3\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to May 27, 1909, because of failure of legislature to elect, and also from May 27 to June
  17, 1909, because Mr. Lorimer did not resign his seat in the House of Representatives until the last named
  date. Election declared invalid July 13, 1912.
\4\Vacancy from July 14, 1912, to Mar. 25, 1913, because of recess of legislature.
\5\By governor, to fill vacancy, Dec. 16, 1926. Oath not administered. Elected for term beginning Mar. 4, 1927,
  but was not permitted to qualify. Resignation sent to Governor of Illinois, Feb. 9, 1928. Vacancy from Dec. 8,
  1926, to Dec. 2. 1928.
\6\Elected Nov. 3, 1970, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1975.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Indiana table.
                                                                826  827
            826  827

                                                     INDIANA
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14th-22d........................  James Noble.......  Dec. 11, 1816     Mar. 3, 1833      Died Feb. 26, 1831.
22d.............................  Robert Hanna......  Aug. 19, 1831     Jan. 3, 1832      By gov., to fill vac.
22d-25th........................  John Tipton.......  Jan. 4, 1832      Mar. 3, 1839      ......................
26th-28th.......................  Albert S. White...  Mar. 4, 1839      Mar. 3, 1845      ......................
29th-37th.......................  Jesse D. Bright...  Mar. 4, 1845      Mar. 3, 1863      Exp. Feb. 5, 1862.
37th............................  Joseph A. Wright..  Feb. 24, 1862     Jan. 14, 1863     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  David Turpie......  Jan. 14, 1863     Mar. 3, 1863      ......................
37th-40th.......................  Thomas A.           Mar. 4, 1863      Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
                                   Hendricks.
41st-43d........................  Daniel D. Pratt...  Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-46th.......................  Joseph E. McDonald  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-49th.......................  Benjamin Harrison.  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1887      ......................
50th-55th.......................  David Turpie......  Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
56th-61st.......................  Albert J.           Mar. 4, 1899      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
                                   Beveridge.
62d-64th........................  John W. Kern......  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
65th-67th.......................  Harry S. New......  Mar. 4, 1917      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
68th-70th.......................  Samuel M. Ralston.  Mar. 4, 1923      Mar. 3, 1929      Died Oct. 14, 1925.
69th............................  Arthur R. Robinson  Oct. 20, 1925     Nov. 2, 1926      By gov., to fill vac.
69th-73d........................  ......do..........  Nov. 3, 1926      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
74th-76th.......................  Sherman Minton....  Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1941      ......................
77th-79th.......................  Raymond E. Willis.  Jan. 3, 1941      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
80th-85th.......................  William E. Jenner.  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-94th.......................  Vance Hartke......  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
95th-106th......................  Richard G. Lugar..  Jan. 3, 1977      Jan. 2, 2001

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14th-18th.......................  Waller Taylor.....  Dec. 11, 1816     Mar. 3, 1825      ......................
19th-24th.......................  William Hendricks.  Mar. 4, 1825      Mar. 3, 1837      ......................
25th-27th.......................  Oliver H. Smith...  Mar. 4, 1837      Mar. 3, 1843      ......................
28th-30th.......................  Edward A. Hannegan  Mar. 4, 1843      Mar. 3, 1849      ......................
31st-33d........................  James Whitcomb....  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1855      Died Oct. 4, 1852.
32d.............................  Charles W.          Nov. 23, 1852     Jan. 11, 1853     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Cathcart.
32d-33d.........................  John Petit........  Jan. 11, 1853     Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
34th-36th.......................  Graham N. Fitch\1\  Feb. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
37th-39th.......................  Henry S. Lane.....  Mar. 4, 1861      Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
40th-45th.......................  Oliver H. P. T.     Mar. 4, 1867      Mar. 3, 1879      Died Nov. 1, 1877.
                                   Morton.
45th............................  Daniel W. Voorhees  Nov. 6, 1877      Jan. 30, 1879     By gov., to fill vac.
45th-54th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 31, 1879     Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-60th.......................  Charles W.          Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1909      Res. Mar. 3, 1905.
                                   Fairbanks.
59th-60th.......................  James A. Hemenway.  Mar. 4, 1905          Do.           ......................
61st-66th.......................  Benjamin F.         Mar. 4, 1909      Mar. 3, 1921      Died Mar. 14, 1916.
                                   Shively.
64th............................  Thomas Taggart....  Mar. 20, 1916     Nov. 7, 1916      By gov., to fill vac.
64th-72d........................  James E. Watson...  Nov. 8, 1916      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
73d-78th........................  Frederick Van Nuys  Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1945      Died Jan. 25, 1944.
78th............................  Samuel D. Jackson.  Jan. 28, 1944     Nov. 13, 1944     By gov., to fill vac.
78th............................  William E.          Nov. 14, 1944     Jan. 2, 1945      ......................
                                   Jenner\2\.
79th-87th.......................  Homer E. Capehart.  Jan. 3, 1945      Jan. 2, 1963      ......................
88th-96th.......................  Birch Bayh........  Jan. 3, 1963      Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
97th-102d.......................  Dan Quayle \3\....  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 1993      Res. Jan. 2, 1989.
101st-105th.....................  Dan Coats \4\.....  Jan. 3, 1989      Jan. 2, 1999      By gov., to fill vac.
106th-108th.....................  Evan Bayh.........  Jan. 3, 1999      Jan. 2, 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1855, to Feb. 3, 1857.
\2\Elected Nov. 7, 1944, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1945.
\3\Resigned Jan. 2, 1989, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 51st term on Nov. 8,
  1988.
\4\By governor to fill vacancy until Nov. 6, 1990. Elected to fill unexpired term ending Jan. 2, 1993.


                See footnotes at end of Iowa 
            table.
                                                                828  829
            828  829

                                                      IOWA
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30th-35th.......................  George W. Jones...  Dec. 7, 1848      Mar. 3, 1859      ......................
36th-41st.......................  James W. Grimes...  Mar. 4, 1859      Mar. 3, 1871      Res. Dec. 6, 1869.
41st............................  James B. Howell...  Jan. 18, 1870         Do.           ......................
42d-44th........................  George G. Wright..  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
45th-47th.......................  Samuel J. Kirkwood  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1883      Res. Mar. 7, 1881.
47th............................  James W. McDill...  Mar. 8, 1881      Jan. 17, 1882     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Jan. 18, 1882     Mar. 3, 1883      ......................
48th-53d........................  James F. Wilson...  Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
54th-59th.......................  John H. Gear......  Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1907      Died July 14, 1900.
56th............................  Jonathan P.         Aug. 22, 1900     Mar. 3, 1901      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Dolliver.
57th............................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1901      Jan. 20, 1902         Do.
57th-62d........................  ......do..........  Jan. 21, 1902     Mar. 3, 1913      Died Oct. 15, 1910.
61st-62d........................  Lafayette Young...  Nov. 2, 1910      Apr. 11, 1911     By gov., to fill vac.
62d-68th........................  William S. Kenyon.  Apr. 12, 1911     Mar. 3, 1925      Res. Feb. 24, 1922.
67th............................  Charles A. Rawson.  Feb. 24, 1922     Nov. 7, 1922      By gov., to fill vac.
67th-68th.......................  Smith W. Brookhart  Nov. 7, 1922      Mar. 3, 1925      ......................
69th-71st.......................  ......do.\1\......  Mar. 4, 1925      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
  Do............................  Daniel F. Steck     Apr. 12, 1926         Do.           ......................
                                   \2\.
72d-74th........................  L. J. Dickinson...  Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
75th-77th.......................  Clyde L. Herring    Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1943      ......................
                                   \3\.
78th-80th.......................  George A. Wilson    Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
                                   \4\.
81st-83d........................  Guy M. Gillette...  Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1955      ......................
84th-86th.......................  Thomas E. Martin..  Jan. 3, 1955      Jan. 2, 1961      ......................
87th-92d........................  Jack Miller.......  Jan. 3, 1961      Jan. 2, 1973      ......................
93d-95th........................  Dick Clark........  Jan. 3, 1973      Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
96th-98th.......................  Roger W. Jepsen...  Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 1985      ......................
99th-107th......................  Thomas R. Harkin..  Jan. 3, 1985      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30th-33d........................  Augustus C. Dodge.  Dec. 7, 1848      Mar. 3, 1855      Res. Feb. 22, 1855.
34th-36th.......................  James Harlan \5\..  Mar. 4, 1855      Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
34th-39th.......................  ......do.\6\......  Jan. 17, 1857     Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
39th............................  Samuel J. Kirkwood  Jan. 13, 1866         Do.           ......................
40th-42d........................  James Harlan......  Mar. 4, 1867      Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-60th........................  William B. Allison  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
                                   \7\.
60th-69th.......................  Albert B. Cummins.  Nov. 24, 1908     Mar. 3, 1927      Died July 30, 1926.
69th............................  David W. Stewart..  Aug. 7, 1926      Nov. 9, 1926      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Nov. 10, 1926     Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
70th-72d........................  Smith W. Brookhart  Mar. 4, 1927      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
73d-75th........................  Richard Louis       Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1939      ......................
                                   Murphy \8\.
74th-78th.......................  Guy M. Gillette...  Nov. 4, 1936      Jan. 2, 1945      ......................
79th-90th.......................  Bourke B.           Jan. 3, 1945      Jan. 2, 1969      ......................
                                   Hickenlooper.
91st-93d........................  Harold E. Hughes..  Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1975      ......................
94th-96th.......................  John C. Culver....  Jan. 3, 1975      Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
97th-108th......................  Charles E.          Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
                                   Grassley.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Election declared invalid, Apr. 12, 1926.
\2\ Successfully contested the election of Smith W. Brookhart and took his seat Apr. 12, 1926.
\3\ Elected Nov. 3, 1936. Took oath Jan. 19, 1937. Governor during interim.
\4\ Elected Nov. 3, 1942. Took oath Jan. 14, 1943. Governor during interim.
\5\ Seat declared vacant Jan. 12, 1857.
\6\ Subsequently elected. Resigned May 15, 1865. Vacancy from May 16, 1865, to Jan. 12, 1866.
\7\ Died Aug. 4, 1908. Vacancy from Aug. 4 to Nov. 24, 1908, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\8\ Died July 16, 1936. Vacancy from July 17 to Nov. 3, 1936, when a successor was elected.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Kansas table.
                                                                830  831
            830  831

                                                     KANSAS
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37th-41st.......................  James H. Lane.....  Apr. 4, 1861      Mar. 3, 1871      Died July 11, 1866.
39th............................  Edmund G. Ross....  July 19, 1866     Jan. 22, 1867     By gov., to fill vac.
39th-41st.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 23, 1867     Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
42d-44th........................  Alexander Caldwell  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1877      Res. Mar. 24, 1873.
43d.............................  Robert Crozier....  Nov. 24, 1873     Feb. 2, 1874      By gov., to fill vac.
43d-44th........................  James M. Harvey...  Feb. 2, 1874      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
45th-53d........................  Preston B. Plumb..  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1895      Died Dec. 20, 1891.
52d.............................  Bishop W. Perkins.  Jan. 1, 1892      Mar. 3, 1893      By gov., to fill vac.
53d.............................  John Martin.......  Mar. 4, 1893      Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
54th-56th.......................  Lucien Baker......  Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
57th-59th.......................  Joseph R. Burton..  Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1907      Res. June 4, 1906.
59th............................  Alfred W. Benson..  June 11, 1906     Jan. 23, 1907     By gov., to fill vac.
59th-62d........................  Charles Curtis....  Jan. 23, 1907     Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-65th........................  William H.          Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
                                   Thompson.
66th-80th.......................  Arthur Capper.....  Mar. 4, 1919      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
81st-89th.......................  Andrew F.           Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1967      Died Jan. 21, 1962.
                                   Schoeppel.
87th-95th.......................  James B. Pearson    Jan. 31, 1962     Jan. 2, 1979      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   \1\.
96th-104th......................  Nancy L. Kassebaum  Dec. 23, 1978     Jan. 2, 1997      ......................
                                   \2\.
105th-107th.....................  Pat Roberts.......  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37th-42d........................  Samuel C. Pomeroy.  Apr. 4, 1861      Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-51st........................  John J. Ingalls...  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
52d-54th........................  William A. Peffer.  Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-57th.......................  William A. Harris.  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-60th.......................  Chester I. Long...  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
61st-63d........................  Joseph L. Bristow.  Mar. 4, 1909      Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
64th-72d........................  Charles Curtis....  Mar. 4, 1915      Mar. 3, 1933      Res. Mar. 3, 1929.
71st............................  Henry J. Allen....  Apr. 1, 1929      Nov. 30, 1930     By gov., to fill vac.
71st-75th.......................  George McGill.....  Dec. 1, 1930      Jan. 2, 1939      ......................
76th-81st.......................  Clyde M. Reed.....  Jan. 3, 1939      Jan. 2, 1951      Died Nov. 8, 1949.
81st............................  Harry Darby.......  Dec. 2, 1949      Nov. 28, 1950     By gov., to fill vac.
81st-90th.......................  Frank Carlson \3\.  Nov. 29, 1950     Jan. 2, 1969      ......................
91st-104th......................  Robert Dole.......  Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1999      Res. June 11, 1996.
104th...........................  Sheila Frahm......  June 11, 1996     Nov. 5, 1996      By gov., to fill vac.
105th-108th.....................  Sam Brownback \4\.  Nov. 27, 1996      Jan. 2, 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Elected Nov. 6, 1962, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1967. Resigned Dec. 23, 1978.
\2\ By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1979.
\3\ Elected Nov. 7, 1950, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1951, and also to full term ending Jan. 2,
  1957.
\4\ Elected Nov. 5, 1996, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1999.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Kentucky table.
                                                                832  833
            832  833

                                                    KENTUCKY
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2d-8th..........................  John Brown........  June 18, 1792     Mar. 3, 1805      ......................
9th-11th........................  Buckner Thruston..  Mar. 4, 1805      Mar. 3, 1811      Res. Dec. 18, 1809.
11th............................  Henry Clay........  Jan. 4, 1810          Do.           ......................
12th-14th.......................  George M. Bibb....  Mar. 4, 1811      Mar. 3, 1817      Res. Aug. 23, 1814.
13th............................  George Walker.....  Aug. 30, 1814     Dec. 16, 1814     By gov., to fill vac.
13th-14th.......................  William T. Barry..  Dec. 16, 1814     Mar. 3, 1817      Res. May 1, 1816.
14th............................  Martin D. Hardin..  Nov. 13, 1816     Dec. 4, 1816      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Dec. 5, 1816      Mar. 3, 1817      ......................
15th-17th.......................  John J. Crittenden  Mar. 4, 1817      Mar. 3, 1823      Res. Mar. 3, 1819.
16th-20th.......................  Richard M. Johnson  Dec. 10, 1819     Mar. 3, 1829      ......................
21st-23d........................  George M. Bibb....  Mar. 4, 1829      Mar. 3, 1835      ......................
24th-26th.......................  John J. Crittenden  Mar. 4, 1835      Mar. 3, 1841      ......................
27th-29th.......................  James T. Morehead.  Mar. 4, 1841      Mar. 3, 1847      ......................
30th-32d........................  Joseph R.           Mar. 4, 1847      Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
                                   Underwood.
33d-35th........................  John B. Thompson..  Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1859      ......................
36th-38th.......................  Lazarus W. Powell.  Mar. 4, 1859      Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
39th-41st.......................  James Guthrie.....  Mar. 4, 1865      Mar. 3, 1871      Res. Feb. 7, 1868.
40th-41st.......................  Thomas C. McCreery  Feb. 19, 1868         Do.           ......................
42d-44th........................  John W. Stevenson.  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
45th-53d........................  James B. Beck.....  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1895      Died May 3, 1890.
51st-53d........................  John G. Carlisle..  May 17, 1890          Do.           Res. Feb. 4, 1893.
52d-56th........................  William Lindsay...  Feb. 15, 1893     Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
57th-59th.......................  Joseph C. S.        Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1907      ......................
                                   Blackburn.
60th-62d........................  Thomas H. Paynter.  Mar. 4, 1907      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-65th........................  Ollie M. James....  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1919      Died Aug. 28, 1918.
65th............................  George B. Martin..  Sept. 7, 1918         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
66th-68th.......................  A. Owsley Stanley.  Mar. 4, 1919      Mar. 3, 1925      ......................
69th-71st.......................  Fred M. Sackett...  Mar. 4, 1925      Mar. 3, 1931      Res. Jan. 9, 1930.
71st............................  John M. Robsion...  Jan. 9, 1930      Nov. 30, 1930     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Ben M. Williamson.  Dec. 1, 1930      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
72d-77th........................  Marvel M. Logan...  Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1943      Died Oct. 3, 1939.
76th............................  Albert B. Chandler  Oct. 10, 1939     Nov. 5, 1940      By gov., to fill vac.
76th-80th.......................  ......do..........  Nov. 6, 1940      Jan. 2, 1949      Res. Nov. 1, 1945.
79th............................  William A.          Nov. 19, 1945     Nov. 5, 1946      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Stanfill.
80th............................  John Sherman        Nov. 6, 1946      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
                                   Cooper.
81st-83d........................  Virgil Chapman....  Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1955      Died Mar. 8, 1951.
82d.............................  Thomas R.           Mar. 19, 1951     Nov. 4, 1952      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Underwood.
82d-83d.........................  John Sherman        Nov. 5, 1952      Jan. 2, 1955      ......................
                                   Cooper\1\.
84th-86th.......................  Alben W. Barkley..  Jan. 3, 1955      Jan. 2, 1961      Died Apr. 30, 1956.
84th............................  Robert              June 21, 1956     Nov. 6, 1956      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Humphreys\2\.
85th-92d........................  John Sherman        Nov. 7, 1956      Jan. 2, 1973      ......................
                                   Cooper\3\.
93d-98th........................  Walter D.           Jan. 3, 1973      Jan. 2, 1985      ......................
                                   Huddleston.
99th-107th......................  Mitch McConnell...  Jan. 3, 1985      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2d-3d...........................  John Edwards......  June 18, 1792     Mar. 3, 1795      ......................
4th-6th.........................  Humphrey Marshall.  Mar. 4, 1795      Mar. 3, 1801      ......................
7th-9th.........................  John Breckinridge.  Mar. 4, 1801      Mar. 3, 1807      Res. Aug. 7, 1805.
9th.............................  John Adair........  Nov. 8, 1805          Do.           Res. Nov. 18, 1806.
  Do............................  Henry Clay........  Dec. 29, 1806         Do.           ......................
10th-12th.......................  John Pope.........  Mar. 4, 1807      Mar. 3, 1813      ......................
13th-15th.......................  Jesse Bledsoe\4\..  Mar. 4, 1813      Mar. 3, 1819      ......................
  Do............................  Isham Talbot......  Jan. 5, 1815          Do.           ......................
16th-18th.......................  William Logan.....  Mar. 4, 1819      Mar. 3, 1825      Res. May 28, 1820.
  Do............................  Isham Talbot......  Oct. 19, 1820         Do.           ......................
19th-21st.......................  John Rowan........  Mar. 4, 1825      Mar. 3, 1831      ......................
22d-27th........................  Henry Clay........  Nov. 10, 1831     Mar. 3, 1843      Res. Mar. 31, 1842.
27th-30th.......................  John J. Crittenden  Mar. 31, 1842     Mar. 3, 1849      Res. June 12, 1848.
30th............................  Thomas Metcalfe...  June 23, 1848     Jan. 2, 1849      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Jan. 3, 1849      Mar. 3, 1849      ......................
31st-33d........................  Henry Clay\5\.....  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
32d.............................  David Meriwether..  July 6, 1852      Sept. 1, 1852       Do.
32d-33d.........................  Archibald Dixon...  Sept. 1, 1852     Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
34th-36th.......................  John J. Crittenden  Mar. 4, 1855      Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
37th-39th.......................  John C.             Mar. 4, 1861      Mar. 3, 1867      Exp. Dec. 4, 1861.
                                   Breckinridge.
37th-42d........................  Garrett Davis.....  Dec. 10, 1861     Mar. 3, 1873      Died Sept. 22, 1872.
42d.............................  Willis B. Machen..  Sept. 27, 1872    Jan. 20, 1873     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Jan. 21, 1873     Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-45th........................  Thomas C. McCreery  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-48th.......................  John Stuart         Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1885      ......................
                                   Williams.
49th-54th.......................  Joseph C. S.        Mar. 4, 1885      Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
                                   Blackburn.
55th-57th.......................  William J. Deboe..  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-60th.......................  James B. McCreary.  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
61st-63d........................  William O. Bradley  Mar. 4, 1909      Mar. 3, 1915      Died May 23, 1914.
63d.............................  Johnson N. Camden,  June 16, 1914     Nov. 2, 1914      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Jr..
  Do............................  ......do..........  Nov. 3, 1914      Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
64th-66th.......................  John C. W. Beckham  Mar. 4, 1915      Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-69th.......................  Richard P. Ernst..  Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
70th-81st.......................  Alben W. Barkley..  Mar. 4, 1927      Jan. 2, 1951      Res. Jan. 19, 1949.
81st............................  Garrett L. Withers  Jan. 20, 1949     Nov. 26, 1950     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Earle C.            Nov. 27, 1950     Jan. 2, 1951      ......................
                                   Clements\6\.
82d-84th........................  ......do..........  Jan. 3, 1951      Jan. 2, 1957      ......................
85th-90th.......................  Thruston B. Morton  Jan. 3, 1957      Jan. 2, 1969      Res. Dec. 16, 1968.
90th-93d........................  Marlow W. Cook\7\.  Dec. 17, 1968     Jan. 2, 1975      Res. Dec. 27, 1974.
93d-105th.......................  Wendell H. Ford\8\  Dec. 28, 1974     Jan. 2, 1999      ......................
106th-108th.....................  Jim Bunning.......  Jan. 3, 1999      Jan. 2, 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Nov. 4, 1952, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1955.
\2\Joseph J. Leary appointed June 18, 1956, to fill vacancy, but declined to serve.
\3\Elected Nov. 6, 1956, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1961.
\4\Resigned Dec. 24, 1814. Declared by Senate resolution of Jan. 20, 1815, as having resigned.
\5\Resigned Dec. 15, 1851, to take effect first Monday in Sept. 1852. Died June 29, 1852.
\6\Elected Nov. 7, 1950. Oath administered Nov. 27, 1950.
\7\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1969.
\8\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1975.


                Footnotes continued on next 
            page.
                                                                834  835
            834  835

                                                    LOUISIANA
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12th-14th.......................  Jean N.             Sept. 3, 1812     Mar. 3, 1817      ......................
                                   Destrehan\1\.
12th............................  Thomas Posey......  Oct. 8, 1812      Feb. 4, 1813      By gov., to fill vac.
12th-14th.......................  James Brown.......  Feb. 5, 1813      Mar. 3, 1817      Elect. Dec. 1, 1812.
15th-17th.......................  William C. C.       Mar. 4, 1817      Mar. 3, 1823      Died Nov. 23, 1817.
                                   Claiborne.
15th-20th.......................  Henry Johnson.....  Jan. 12, 1818     Mar. 3, 1829      Res. May 27, 1824.
18th-20th.......................  Dominique Bouligny  Nov. 19, 1824         Do.           ......................
21st-23d........................  Edward Livingston.  Mar. 4, 1829      Mar. 3, 1835      Res. May 24, 1831.
22d-23d.........................  George A. Waggaman  Nov. 15, 1831         Do.           ......................
24th-26th.......................  Robert C.           Jan. 13, 1836     Mar. 3, 1841      ......................
                                   Nicholas\2\.
27th-29th.......................  Alexander Barrow..  Mar. 4, 1841      Mar. 3, 1847      Died Dec. 29, 1846.
29th............................  Pierre Soule......  Jan. 21, 1847         Do.           ......................
30th-32d........................  Solomon W. Downs..  Mar. 4, 1847      Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
33d-38th........................  Judah P.            Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
                                   Benjamin\3\.
40th-41st.......................  John S. Harris\4\.  July 8, 1868      Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
42d-44th........................  J. Rodman West....  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
45th-47th.......................  William P. Kellogg  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1883      ......................
48th-53d........................  Randall L. Gibson.  Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1895      Died Dec. 15, 1892.
52d-53d.........................  Donelson Caffery..  Dec. 31, 1892     May 22, 1894      By gov., to fill vac.
53d-56th........................  ......do..........  May 23, 1894      Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
57th-62d........................  Murphy J. Foster..  Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-71st........................  Joseph E. Ransdell  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
72d-74th........................  Huey P. Long\5\...  Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
74th............................  Rose McConnell      Jan. 31, 1936     Apr. 20, 1936       Do.
                                   Long.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Apr. 21, 1936     Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
75th-92d........................  Allen J. Ellender.  Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1973      Died July 27, 1972.
92d.............................  Elaine S.           Aug. 1, 1972          Do.           ......................
                                   Edwards\6\.
92d-104th.......................  J. Bennett          Nov. 14, 1972     Jan. 2, 1997      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Johnston.
105th-107th.....................  Mary L. Landrieu..  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12th............................  Allan B. Magruder.  Sept. 3, 1812     Mar. 3, 1813      ......................
13th-15th.......................  Eligius Fromentin.  Mar. 4, 1813      Mar. 3, 1819      ......................
16th-18th.......................  James Brown.......  Mar. 4, 1819      Mar. 3, 1825      Res. Dec. 10, 1823.
18th-24th.......................  Josiah S.           Jan. 15, 1824     Mar. 3, 1837      ......................
                                   Johnston\7\.
23d-24th........................  Alexander           Dec. 19, 1833         Do.           ......................
                                   Porter\8\.
24th-27th.......................  Alexander Mouton..  Jan. 12, 1837     Mar. 3, 1843      Res. Mar. 1, 1842.
27th............................  Charles M. Conrad.  Apr. 14, 1842         Do.           ......................
28th-30th.......................  Henry Johnson\9\..  Feb. 12, 1844     Mar. 3, 1849      ......................
31st-33d........................  Pierre Soule1.....  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1855      Res. Apr. 11, 1853.
33d-36th........................  John Slidell\10\..  Apr. 28, 1853     Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
40th-44th.......................  William P.          July 8, 1868      Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
                                   Kellogg\11\.
44th-45th.......................  James B. Eustis...  Jan. 12, 1876     Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-48th.......................  Benjamin F. Jonas.  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1885      ......................
49th-51st.......................  James B. Eustis...  Mar. 4, 1885      Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
52d-54th........................  Edward D.           Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
                                   White\12\.
53d.............................  Newton C.           Mar. 12, 1894     May 22, 1894      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Blanchard.
53d-54th........................  ......do..........  May 23, 1894      Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-63d........................  Samuel D.           Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
                                   McEnery\13\.
61st-63d........................  John R. Thornton..  Dec. 7, 1910      Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
64th-66th.......................  Robert F.           Mar. 4, 1915      Mar. 3, 1921      Died Apr. 12, 1918.
                                   Broussard.
65th............................  Walter Guion......  Apr. 22, 1918     Nov. 5, 1918      By gov., to fill vac.
65th-66th.......................  Edward J. Gay.....  Nov. 6, 1918      Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-72d........................  Edwin S. Broussard  Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
73d-81st........................  John H. Overton...  Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1951      Died Mar. 14, 1948.
80th............................  William C. Feazel.  May 18, 1948      Dec. 30, 1948     By gov., to fill vac.
80th-99th.......................  Russell B.          Dec. 31, 1948     Jan. 2, 1987      ......................
                                   Long\14\.
100th-108th.....................  John B. Breaux....  Jan. 3, 1987      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Not sworn. Resigned Oct. 1, 1812.
\2\Elected in place of Chas. E. A. Gayarre, who did not qualify. Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1835, to Jan. 13, 1836.
\3\Retired Feb. 4, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Vacancy from Feb. 4, 1861, to July 8, 1868, because
  of Civil War.
\4\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865.
\5\Elected Nov. 4, 1930. Took oath Jan. 25, 1932. Governor during interim. Died Sept. 10, 1935. Vacancy from
  Sept. 11, 1935 to Jan. 30, 1936.
\6\By governor, to fill vacancy. Resigned, effective Nov. 13, 1972.
\7\Died May 19, 1833. Vacancy from May 20 to Dec. 18, 1833.
\8\Resigned Jan. 5, 1837; subsequently elected for term beginning Mar. 4, 1843, but did not qualify.
\9\Alexander Porter was elected for this term. Did not present credentials nor qualify. Vacancy from Mar. 4,
  1843, to Feb. 12, 1844.
\10\Retired from the Senate Feb. 4, 1861. Vacancy from Feb. 4, 1861, to July 8, 1868, because of Civil War.
\11\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867. Resigned Nov. 1, 1872. Vacancy from Nov. 1,
  1872, to Jan. 12, 1876.
\12\Resigned, effective Mar. 12, 1894.
\13\Died June 28, 1910. Vacancy from June 29 to Dec. 6, 1910.
\14\Elected Nov. 2, 1948, for term expiring Jan. 2, 1951. Oath administered Dec. 31, 1948.


                  
                                                                836  837
            836  837

                                                      MAINE
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16th-19th.......................  John Holmes.......  June 13, 1820     Mar. 3, 1827      ......................
20th-22d........................  Albion K. Parris..  Mar. 4, 1827      Mar. 3, 1833      Res. Aug. 26, 1828.
  Do............................  John Holmes.......  Jan. 15, 1829         Do.           ......................
23d-25th........................  Ether Shepley.....  Mar. 4, 1833      Mar. 3, 1839      Res. Mar. 3, 1836.
24th............................  Judah Dana........  Dec. 7, 1836      Feb. 22, 1837     By gov., to fill vac.
25th-28th.......................  Reuel Williams....  Feb. 22, 1837     Mar. 3, 1845      Res. Feb. 15, 1843.
28th-31st.......................  John Fairfield....  Mar. 3, 1843      Mar. 3, 1851      Died Dec. 24, 1847.
30th............................  Wyman B. S. Moor..  Jan. 5, 1848      May 26, 1848      By gov., to fill vac.
30th-34th.......................  Hannibal Hamlin...  May 26, 1848      Mar. 3, 1857      Res. Jan. 7, 1857.
34th............................  Amos Nourse.......  Jan. 16, 1857         Do.           ......................
35th-37th.......................  Hannibal Hamlin\1\  Mar. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1863      ......................
36th-40th.......................  Lot Myrick Morrill  Jan. 17, 1861     Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
41st-46th.......................  Hannibal Hamlin...  Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-61st.......................  Eugene Hale.......  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-64th........................  Charles F. Johnson  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
65th-76th.......................  Frederick Hale....  Mar. 4, 1917      Jan. 2, 1941      ......................
77th-82d........................  Ralph O. Brewster.  Jan. 3, 1941      Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
83d-85th........................  Frederick G. Payne  Jan. 3, 1953      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-97th.......................  Edmund S.           Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1983      ......................
                                   Muskie\2\.
96th-103d.......................  George J.           May 17, 1980      Jan. 2, 1995      ......................
                                   Mitchell\3\.
104th-106th.....................  Olympia J. Snowe..  Jan. 3, 1995      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16th-20th.......................  John Chandler.....  June 14, 1820     Mar. 3, 1829      ......................
21st-23d........................  Peleg Sprague.....  Mar. 4, 1829      Mar. 3, 1835      Res. Jan. 1, 1835.
23d-26th........................  John Ruggles......  Jan. 20, 1835     Mar. 3, 1841      ......................
27th-29th.......................  George Evans......  Mar. 4, 1841      Mar. 3, 1847      ......................
30th-32d........................  James W. Bradbury.  Mar. 4, 1847      Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
33d-38th........................  William Pitt        Feb. 10, 1854     Mar. 3, 1865      Res. July 1, 1864.
                                   Fessenden.
38th............................  Nathan A. Farwell.  Oct. 27, 1864     Jan. 10, 1865     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Jan. 11, 1865     Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
39th-41st.......................  William Pitt        Mar. 4, 1865      Mar. 3, 1871      Died Sept. 9, 1869.
                                   Fessenden.
41st............................  Lot Myrick Morrill  Oct. 30, 1869     Jan. 18, 1870     By gov., to fill vac.
41st-44th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 19, 1870     Mar. 3, 1877      Res. July 7, 1876.
44th............................  James G. Blaine...  July 10, 1876     Jan. 16, 1877     By gov., to fill vac.
44th-47th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 17, 1877     Mar. 3, 1883      Res. Mar. 5, 1881.
47th-62d........................  William P. Frye\4\  Mar. 18, 1881     Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
62d.............................  Obadiah Gardner...  Sept. 23, 1911    Apr. 1, 1912      By Gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Apr. 2, 1912      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-65th........................  Edwin C.            Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
                                   Burleigh\5\.
64th-71st.......................  Bert M. Fernald...  Sept. 12, 1916    Mar. 3, 1931      Died Aug. 23, 1926.
69th-71st.......................  Arthur R. Gould...  Nov. 30, 1926     Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
72d-80th........................  Wallace H. White,   Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
                                   Jr.
81st-92d........................  Margaret Chase      Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1973      ......................
                                   Smith.
93d-95th........................  William D.          Jan. 3, 1973      Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
                                   Hathaway.
96th-104th......................  William S. Cohen..  Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 1997      ......................
105th-107th.....................  Susan M. Collins..  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Resigned Jan. 7, 1861, to take effect Jan. 17, 1861.
\2\Resigned May 7, 1980, having been confirmed as Secretary of State by the Senate.
\3\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1983. Vacancy from May 8 to May 16, 1980.
\4\Elected Mar. 15, 1881. Resigned From House Mar. 17, 1881. Died Aug. 8, 1911.
\5\Died June 16, 1916. Vacancy from June 17 to Sept. 11, 1916, because of recess of legislature.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Maryland table.
                                                                838  839
            838  839

                                                    MARYLAND
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-4th.........................  C. Carroll, of      Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1797      Res. Nov. 30, 1792.
                                   Carrollton.
2d-4th..........................  Richard Potts.....  Jan. 10, 1793         Do.           Res. Oct. 24, 1796.
4th-7th.........................  John E. Howard....  Nov. 30, 1796     Mar. 3, 1803      ......................
8th-10th........................  Samuel Smith......  Mar. 4, 1803      Mar. 3, 1809      ......................
11th............................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1809      Nov. 15, 1809     By gov., to fill vac.
11th-13th.......................  ......do..........  Nov. 16, 1809     Mar. 3, 1815      ......................
14th-16th.......................  Robert G.           Jan. 29, 1816     Mar. 3, 1821      ......................
                                   Harper\1\.
  Do............................  Alexander Contee    Dec. 20, 1816         Do.           Died Apr. 23, 1819.
                                   Hanson.
16th-19th.......................  William Pinkney...  Dec. 21, 1819     Mar. 3, 1827      Died Feb. 25, 1822.
17th-23d........................  Samuel Smith......  Dec. 16, 1822     Mar. 3, 1833      ......................
23d-25th........................  Joseph Kent.......  Mar. 4, 1833      Mar. 3, 1839      Died Nov. 24, 1837.
25th-28th.......................  William D. Merrick  Jan. 4, 1838      Mar. 3, 1845      ......................
29th-31st.......................  Reverdy Johnson...  Mar. 4, 1845      Mar. 3, 1851      Res. Mar. 7, 1849.
31st............................  David Stewart.....  Dec. 6, 1849      Jan. 12, 1850     By gov., to fill vac.
31st-34th.......................  Thomas G. Pratt...  Jan. 12, 1850     Mar. 3, 1857      ......................
35th-37th.......................  Anthony Kennedy...  Mar. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1863      ......................
38th-40th.......................  Reverdy Johnson...  Mar. 4, 1863      Mar. 3, 1869      Res. July 10, 1868.
40th............................  William Pinkney     July 13, 1868         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Whyte.
41st-43d........................  William T.          Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
                                   Hamilton.
44th-46th.......................  William Pinkney     Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
                                   Whyte.
47th-55th.......................  Arthur P. Gorman..  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
56th-58th.......................  Louis E. McComas..  Mar. 4, 1899      Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
59th-64th.......................  Isidor Rayner.....  Mar. 4, 1905      Mar. 3, 1917      Died Nov. 25, 1912.
62d-63d.........................  William P. Jackson  Nov. 29, 1912     Jan. 28, 1914     By gov., to fill vac.
63d-64th........................  Blair Lee.........  Jan. 29, 1914     Mar. 3, 1917
65th-67th.......................  Joseph L. France..  Mar. 4, 1917      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
68th-70th.......................  William Cabell      Mar. 4, 1923      Mar. 3, 1929      ......................
                                   Bruce.
71st-73d........................  Phillips Lee        Mar. 4, 1929      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
                                   Goldsborough.
74th-79th.......................  George L.P.         Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
                                   Radcliffe.
80th-82d........................  Herbert R. O'Conor  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
83d-88th........................  J. Glenn Beall....  Jan. 3, 1953      Jan. 2, 1965      ......................
89th-91st.......................  Joseph D. Tydings.  Jan. 3, 1965      Jan. 2, 1971      ......................
92d-94th........................  J. Glenn Beall, Jr  Jan. 3, 1971      Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
95th-106th......................  Paul S. Sarbanes..  Jan. 3, 1977      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-6th.........................  John Henry........  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1801      Res. Dec. 10, 1797.
5th-6th.........................  James Lloyd.......  Dec. 11, 1797         Do.           Res. Dec. 1, 1800.
6th.............................  William Hindman...  Dec. 12, 1800         Do.           ......................
7th.............................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1801      Nov. 19, 1801     By gov., to fill vac.
7th-9th.........................  Robert Wright.....  Nov. 19, 1801     Mar. 3, 1807      Res. Nov. 12, 1806.
9th-12th........................  Philip Reed.......  Nov. 25, 1806     Mar. 3, 1813      ......................
13th-15th.......................  Robert H.           May 21, 1813      Mar. 3, 1819      ......................
                                   Goldsborough.
16th-21st.......................  Edward Lloyd......  Dec. 21, 1819     Mar. 3, 1831      Res. Jan. 4, 1826.
19th-24th.......................  Ezekiel F.          Jan. 24, 1826     Mar. 3, 1837      Res. in 1834.
                                   Chambers.
23d-24th........................  Robert H.           Jan. 13, 1835         Do.           Died Oct. 5, 1936.
                                   Goldsborough.
24th-27th.......................  John S. Spence....  Dec. 31, 1836     Mar. 3, 1843      Died Oct. 24, 1840.
26th-27th.......................  John Leeds Kerr...  Jan. 5, 1841          Do.           ......................
28th-29th.......................  James A. Pearce...  Mar. 4, 1843      Mar. 3, 1867      Died Dec. 20, 1862.
37th-38th.......................  Thomas H. Hicks...  Dec. 29, 1862     Jan. 11, 1864     By gov., to fill vac.
38th-39th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 12, 1864     Mar. 3, 1867      Died Feb. 14, 1865.
39th............................  John A. J.          Mar. 9, 1865          Do.           ......................
                                   Creswell.
40th-42d........................  George Vickers\2\.  Mar. 7, 1868      Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-45th........................  George R. Dennis..  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-48th.......................  James B. Groome...  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1885      ......................
49th-51st.......................  Ephraim King        Mar. 4, 1885      Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
                                   Wilson\3\.
52d.............................  Charles H. Gibson.  Nov. 19, 1891     Jan. 2, 1892      By gov., to fill vac.
52d-54th........................  ......do..........  Jan. 21, 1892     Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-57th.......................  George L.           Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
                                   Wellington.
58th-60th.......................  Arthur P. Gorman..  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1909      Died June 4, 1906.
59th-60th.......................  William Pinkney     June 8, 1906      Jan. 14, 1908     By gov. to fill vac.
                                   Whyte.
60th............................  ......do..........  Jan. 15, 1908     Mar. 3, 1909      Died Mar. 17, 1908.
60th-66th.......................  John Walter Smith.  Mar. 25, 1908     Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-69th.......................  Ovington E. Weller  Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
70th-81st.......................  Millard E. Tydings  Mar. 4, 1927      Jan. 2, 1951      ......................
82d-87th........................  John Marshall       Jan. 3, 1951      Jan. 2, 1963      ......................
                                   Butler.
88th-90th.......................  Daniel B. Brewster  Jan. 3, 1963      Jan. 2, 1969      ......................
91st-99th.......................  Charles McC.        Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1987      ......................
                                   Mathias, Jr.
100th-108th.....................  Barbara A.          Jan. 3, 1987      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
                                   Mikulski.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1815, to Jan. 28, 1816, because of failure of legislature to elect. Resigned Dec. 6,
  1816.
\2\Philip F. Thomas was elected but was not permitted to qualify. Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1867, to Mar. 6, 1868.
\3\Died Feb. 24, 1891. Had been reelected on Jan. 15, 1890, for the term beginning Mar. 4, 1891. Vacancy from
  Feb. 25 to Nov. 18, 1891, because of recess of legislature.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Massachusetts table.
                                                                840  841
            840  841

                                                  MASSACHUSETTS
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st.............................  Tristram Dalton...  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1791      ......................
2d-4th..........................  George Cabot......  Mar. 4, 1791      Mar. 3, 1797      Res. June 9, 1796.
4th-7th.........................  Benjamin Goodhue..  June 11, 1796     Mar. 3, 1803      Res. Nov. 8, 1800.
6th-7th.........................  Jonathan Mason....  Nov. 14, 1800         Do.           ......................
8th-10th........................  John Quincy Adams.  Mar. 4, 1803      Mar. 3, 1809      Res. June 8, 1808.
10th-13th.......................  James Lloyd.......  June 9, 1808      Mar. 3, 1815      Res. May 1, 1813.
13th............................  Christopher Gore..  May 5, 1813       May 29, 1813      By gov., to fill vac.
13th-16th.......................  ......do..........  May 30, 1813      Mar. 3, 1821      Res. May 30, 1816.
14th-16th.......................  Eli P. Ashmun.....  June 12, 1816         Do.           Res. May 10, 1818.
15th-16th.......................  Prentiss Mellen...  June 5, 1818          Do.           Res. May 15, 1820.
16th-19th.......................  Elijah H. Mills...  June 12, 1820     Mar. 3, 1827      ......................
20th-28th.......................  Daniel Webster....  May 30, 1827      Mar. 3, 1845      Res. Feb. 22, 1841.
26th-28th.......................  Rufus Choate......  Feb. 23, 1841         Do.           ......................
29th-31st.......................  Daniel Webster....  Mar. 4, 1845      Mar. 3, 1851      Res. July 22, 1850.
31st............................  Robert C. Winthrop  July 30, 1850     Feb. 1, 1851      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Robert Rantoul....  Feb. 1, 1851      Mar. 3, 1851      ......................
32d-43d.........................  Charles Sumner....  Mar. 4, 1851      Mar. 3, 1875      Died Mar. 11, 1874
43d.............................  William B.          Apr. 17, 1874     Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
                                   Washburn.
44th-52d........................  Henry L. Dawes....  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1893      ......................
53d-70th........................  Henry Cabot Lodge.  Mar. 4, 1893      Mar. 3, 1929      Died Nov. 9, 1924.
69th............................  William M. Butler.  Nov. 13, 1924     Dec. 5, 1926      By gov., to fill vac.
69th-79th.......................  David I. Walsh....  Dec. 6, 1926      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
80th-82d........................  Henry Cabot Lodge,  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
                                   Jr.
83d-88th........................  John F. Kennedy\1\  Jan. 3, 1953      Jan. 2, 1965      ......................
87th............................  Benjamin A. Smith,  Dec. 27, 1960     Nov. 6, 1962      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   II.
87th-106th......................  Edward M. Kennedy.  Nov. 7, 1962      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-5th.........................  Caleb Strong......  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1799      Res. June 1, 1796.
4th-5th.........................  Theodore Sedgwick.  June 11, 1796         Do.           ......................
6th-8th.........................  Samuel Dexter.....  Mar. 4, 1799      Mar. 3, 1805      Res. May 30, 1800.
  Do............................  Dwight Foster.....  June 6, 1800          Do.           Res. Mar. 3, 1803.
8th-11th........................  Timothy Pickering.  Mar. 4, 1803      Mar. 3, 1811      ......................
12th-14th.......................  Joseph B. Varnum..  June 8, 1811      Mar. 3, 1817      ......................
15th-17th.......................  Harrison Gray Otis  Mar. 4, 1817      Mar. 3, 1823      Res. May 30, 1822.
17th-20th.......................  James Lloyd.......  June 5, 1822      Mar. 3, 1829      Res. May 23, 1826.
19th-23d........................  Nathaniel Silsbee.  May 31, 1826      Mar. 3, 1835      ......................
24th-26th.......................  John Davis........  Mar. 4, 1835      Mar. 3, 1841      Res. Jan. 5, 1841.
26th-29th.......................  Isaac C. Bates....  Jan. 13, 1841     Mar. 3, 1847      Died Mar. 16, 1945.
29th-32d........................  John Davis........  Mar. 24, 1845     Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
33d-35th........................  Edward Everett....  Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1859      Res. June 1, 1854.
33d.............................  Julius Rockwell...  June 3, 1854      Jan. 31, 1855     By gov., to fill vac.
33d-44th........................  Henry Wilson......  Jan. 31, 1855     Mar. 3, 1877      Res. Mar. 3, 1873.
43d-44th........................  George S. Boutwell  Mar. 12, 1873         Do.           ......................
45th-59th.......................  George F. Hoar....  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1907      Died Sept. 30, 1904.
58th............................  Winthrop Murray     Oct. 12, 1904     Jan. 17, 1905     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Crane.
58th-62d........................  ......do..........  Jan. 18, 1905     Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-65th........................  John W. Weeks.....  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
66th-68th.......................  David I. Walsh....  Mar. 4, 1919      Mar. 3, 1925      ......................
69th-71st.......................  Frederick H.        Mar. 4, 1925      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
                                   Gillett.
72d-74th........................  Marcus A. Coolidge  Mar. 4, 1931      Mar. 3, 1937      ......................
75th-80th.......................  Henry Cabot Lodge,  Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1949      Res. Feb. 3, 1944.
                                   Jr.
78th............................  Sinclair Weeks....  Feb. 8, 1944      Dec. 19, 1944     By gov., to fill vac.
78th-89th.......................  Leverett            Jan. 4, 1945      Jan. 2, 1967      ......................
                                   Saltonstall\2\.
90th-95th.......................  Edward W. Brooke..  Jan. 3, 1967      Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
96th-98th.......................  Paul Tsongas......  Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 1985      ......................
99th-107th......................  John F. Kerry.....  Jan. 3, 1985      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Resigned Dec. 22, 1960, having been elected President of the United States for the 44th term on Nov. 8, 1960.
  Vacancy from Dec. 23 to 26, 1960.
\2\Elected Nov. 7, 1944. Took oath Jan. 10, 1945. Governor during interim.



                                                                842  843
            842  843

                                                    MICHIGAN
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24th-25th.......................  Lucius Lyon.......  Jan. 26, 1837     Mar. 3, 1839      ......................
26th-28th.......................  Augustus S. Porter  Jan. 20, 1840     Mar. 3, 1845      ......................
29th-31st.......................  Lewis Cass........  Mar. 4, 1845      Mar. 3, 1851      Res. May 29, 1848.
30th............................  Thomas Fitzgerald.  June 8, 1848      Mar. 3, 1849      By gov., to fill vac.
30th-34th.......................  Lewis Cass........  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1857      ......................
35th-43d........................  Zachariah Chandler  Mar. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-46th.......................  Isaac P.            Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      Res. Feb. 10, 1879.
                                   Christiancy.
46th............................  Zachariah Chandler  Feb. 19, 1879         Do.           Died Nov. 1, 1879.
  Do............................  Henry P. Baldwin..  Nov. 17, 1879     Jan. 18, 1881     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Jan. 19, 1881     Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-49th.......................  Omar D. Conger....  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1887      ......................
50th-55th.......................  Francis B.          Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1899      Died Apr. 30, 1894.
                                   Stockbridge.
53d.............................  John Patton, Jr...  May 5, 1894       Jan. 14, 1895     By gov., to fill vac.
53d-61st........................  Julius C. Burrows.  Jan. 23, 1895     Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-67th........................  Charles E.          Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
                                   Townsend.
68th-70th.......................  Woodbridge N.       Mar. 4, 1923      Mar. 3, 1929      Died Mar. 23, 1928.
                                   Ferris.
70th............................  Arthur H.           Mar. 31, 1928     Nov. 5, 1928      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Vandenberg.
70th-82d........................  ......do..........  Nov. 6, 1928      Jan. 2, 1953      Died Apr. 18, 1951.
82d.............................  Blair Moody.......  Apr. 22, 1951     Nov. 4, 1952      By gov., to fill vac.
82d-85th........................  Charles E. Potter   Nov. 5, 1952      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
                                   \1\.
86th-94th.......................  Phillip A. Hart...  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1977      Died Dec. 26, 1976.
94th-103d.......................  Donald W. Riegle,   Dec. 30, 1976     Jan. 2, 1995      ......................
                                   Jr.\2\.
104th-106th.....................  Spencer Abraham...  Jan. 3, 1995      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24th-26th.......................  John Norvell......  Jan. 26, 1837     Mar. 3, 1841      ......................
27th-29th.......................  William Woodbridge  Mar. 4, 1841      Mar. 3, 1847      ......................
30th-32d........................  Alpheus Felch.....  Mar. 4, 1847      Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
33d-35th........................  Charles E. Stuart.  Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1859      ......................
36th-38th.......................  Kinsley S. Bingham  Mar. 4, 1859      Mar. 3, 1865      Died Oct. 5, 1861.
37th-41st.......................  Jacob M. Howard...  Jan. 4, 1862      Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
42d-47th........................  Thomas W. Ferry...  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1883      ......................
48th-50th.......................  Thomas W. Palmer..  Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1889      ......................
51st-59th.......................  James McMillan....  Mar. 4, 1889      Mar. 3, 1907      Died Aug. 10, 1902.
57th............................  Russell A. Alger..  Sept. 27, 1902    Jan. 19, 1903     By gov., to fill vac.
57th-59th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 20, 1903     Mar. 3, 1907      Died Jan. 24, 1907.
59th-65th.......................  William Alden       Feb. 6, 1907      Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
                                   Smith.
66th-68th.......................  Truman H. Newberry  Mar. 4, 1919      Mar. 3, 1925      Res. Nov. 18, 1922.
67th-68th.......................  James Couzens.....  Nov. 29, 1922     Nov. 3, 1924      By gov., to fill vac.
68th-74th.......................  James Couzens\3\..  Nov. 4, 1924      Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
74th............................  Prentiss M. Brown.  Nov. 19, 1936         Do.               Do.
75th-77th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1943      ......................
78th-83d........................  Homer Ferguson....  Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1955      ......................
84th-89th.......................  Patrick V.          Jan. 3, 1955      Jan. 2, 1967      Died Apr. 30, 1966.
                                   McNamara.
89th-95th.......................  Robert P.           May 11, 1966      Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
                                   Griffin\4\.
96th-107th......................  Carl Levin........  Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Nov. 4, 1952, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1953, and also to fill term ending Jan. 2, 1959.
\2\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1977.
\3\Died Oct. 22, 1936. Vacancy from Oct. 23 to Nov. 18, 1936.
\4\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1967.


                  

                                                    MINNESOTA
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35th-37th.......................  Henry M. Rice.....  May 11, 1858      Mar. 3, 1863      ......................
38th-43d........................  Alexander Ramsey..  Mar. 4, 1863      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-49th.......................  Samuel J. R.        Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1887      ......................
                                   McMillan.
50th-58th.......................  Cushman K. Davis..  Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1905      Died Nov. 27, 1900.
56th............................  Charles A. Towne..  Dec. 5, 1900      Jan. 23, 1901     By gov., to fill vac.
56th-64th.......................  Moses E. Clapp....  Jan. 23, 1901     Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
65th-67th.......................  Frank B. Kellogg..  Mar. 4, 1917      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
68th-79th.......................  Henrik Shipstead..  Mar. 4, 1923      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
80th-85th.......................  Edward J. Thye....  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-91st.......................  Eugene J. McCarthy  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1971      ......................
92nd-97th.......................  Hubert H. Humphrey  Jan. 3, 1971      Jan. 2, 1983      Died Jan. 13, 1978.
95th............................  Muriel Humphrey\1\  Jan. 25, 1978     Nov. 7, 1978      ......................
95th-103d.......................  David               Nov. 8, 1978      Jan. 2, 1995      ......................
                                   Durenberger\2\.
104th-106th.....................  Rod Grams.........  Jan. 3, 1995      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35th............................  James Shields.....  May 11, 1858      Mar. 3, 1859      ......................
36th-38th.......................  Morton S.           Mar. 4, 1859      Mar 3, 1865       ......................
                                   Wilkinson.
39th-41st.......................  Daniel S. Norton..  Mar. 4, 1865      Mar. 3, 1871      Died July 13, 1870.
41st............................  William Windom....  July 15, 1870     Jan. 22, 1871     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Ozora P. Stearns..  Jan 18, 1871      Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
42d-47th........................  William Windom....  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1883      Res. Mar. 4, 1881.
47th............................  A. J. Edgerton....  Mar.12, 1881      Oct. 26, 1881     By gov. to fill vac.
  Do............................  William Windom....  Oct. 27, 1881     Mar. 3, 1883      ......................
48th-50th.......................  Dwight M. Sabin...  Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1889      ......................
51st-53d........................  William D.          Mar. 4, 1889      Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
                                   Washburn.
54th-68th.......................  Knute Nelson......  Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1925      Died Apr. 28, 1923.
68th............................  Magnus Johnson....  July 16, 1923         Do.           ......................
69th-74th.......................  Thomas D. Schall..  Mar. 4, 1925      Jan. 2, 1937      Died Dec. 22, 1935.
74th............................  Elmer A. Benson...  Dec. 27, 1935     Nov. 3, 1936      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Guy V. Howard.....  Nov. 4, 1936      Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
75th-77th.......................  Ernest Lundeen\3\.  Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1943      Died Aug. 31, 1940.
76th-77th.......................  Joseph H. Ball....  Oct. 14, 1940     Nov. 17, 1942     By gov., to fill vac.
77th............................  Arthur E. Nelson..  Nov. 18, 1942     Jan. 2, 1943      ......................
78th-80th.......................  Joseph H. Ball....  Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
81st-88th.......................  Hubert H.           Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1967      ......................
                                   Humphrey\4\.
89th-95th.......................  Walter F.           Dec. 30, 1964     Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
                                   Mondale\5\.
95th-97th.......................  Wendell R.          Dec. 30, 1976     Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
                                   Anderson\6\.
96th-101st......................  Rudy Boschwitz\7\.  Dec. 30, 1978     Jan. 2, 1991      ......................
102d-107th......................  Paul D. Wellstone.  Jan. 3, 1991      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1983, until election held on Nov. 7, 1978.
\2\Elected Nov. 7, 1978, to complete vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1983.
\3\Vacancy from Sept. 1 to Oct. 13, 1940.
\4\Resigned Dec. 29, 1964, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 45th term on Nov. 3,
  1964.
\5\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1967. Resigned Dec. 30, 1976, having been elected Vice
  President of the United States on Nov. 2, 1976.
\6\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1979. Resigned Dec. 29, 1978.
\7\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1979.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Mississippi table.
                                                                846  847
            846  847

                                                   MISSISSIPPI
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15th-16th.......................  Walter Leake......  Dec. 10, 1817     Mar. 3, 1821      Res. May 15, 1820.
16th............................  David Holmes......  Aug. 30, 1820         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
17th-19th.......................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1821      Mar. 3, 1827      Res. Sept. 25, 1825.
19th............................  Powhatan Ellis....  Sept. 28, 1825    Jan. 28, 1826     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Thomas B. Reed....  Jan. 28, 1826     Mar. 3, 1827      ......................
20th-22d........................  Powhatan Ellis....  Mar. 4, 1827      Mar. 3, 1833      Res. July 10, 1832.
22d.............................  John Black........  Nov. 12, 1832         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
23d-25th........................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1833      Mar. 3, 1839      Res. Jan. 22, 1838.
25th............................  James F. Trotter..  Jan. 22, 1838         Do.           Res. July 10, 1838.
  Do............................  Thomas Hickman      Nov. 12, 1838     Jan. 29, 1839     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Williams.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Jan. 30, 1839     Mar. 3, 1839      ......................
26th-28th.......................  John Henderson....  Mar. 4, 1839      Mar. 3, 1845      ......................
29th-31st.......................  Jesse Speight.....  Mar. 4, 1845      Mar. 3, 1851.     Died May 1, 1847.
30th............................  Jefferson Davis...  Aug. 10, 1847     Jan. 10, 1848     By gov., to fill vac.
30th-34th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 11, 1848     Mar. 3, 1857      Res. Sept. 23, 1851.
32d.............................  John J. McRae.....  Dec. 1, 1851      Mar. 17, 1852     By gov., to fill vac.
32d-34th........................  Stephen Adams.....  Mar. 17, 1852     Mar. 3, 1857      ......................
35th-37th.......................  Jefferson Davis\1\  Mar. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1863      ......................
41st-43d........................  Adelbert Ames\2\..  Jan. 18, 1870     Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
43d.............................  Henry R. Pease....  Feb. 3, 1874          Do.           ......................
44th-46th.......................  Blanche K. Bruce..  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-55th.......................  James Z. George...  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1899      Died Aug. 14, 1897.
55th............................  Hernando D. Money.  Oct. 8, 1897      Jan. 18, 1898     By gov., to fill vac.
55th-61st.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 19, 1898     Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-67th........................  John Sharp          Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
                                   Williams.
68th-73d........................  Hubert D. Stephens  Mar. 4, 1923      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
74th-82d........................  Theodore G.         Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
                                   Bilbo\3\.
80th-100th......................  John C. Stennis\4\  Nov. 5, 1947      Jan. 2, 1989      ......................
101st-106th.....................  Trent Lott........  Jan. 3, 1989      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15th-20th.......................  Thomas Hill         Dec. 10, 1817     Mar. 3, 1829      ......................
                                   Williams.
21st-23d........................  Thomas B. Reed....  Mar. 4, 1829      Mar. 3, 1835      Died Nov. 26, 1829.
  Do............................  Robert H. Adams...  Jan. 6, 1830          Do.           Died July 2, 1830.
21st............................  George Poindexter.  Oct. 15, 1830     Nov. 17, 1830     By gov., to fill vac.
21st-23d........................  ......do..........  Nov. 18, 1830     Mar. 3, 1835      ......................
24th-29th.......................  Robert J. Walker..  Mar. 4, 1835      Mar. 3, 1847      Res. Mar. 5, 1845.
29th............................  Joseph W. Chalmers  Nov. 3, 1845      Jan. 9, 1846      By gov., to fill vac.
    Do..........................  ......do..........  Jan. 10, 1846     Mar. 3, 1847      ......................
30th-32d........................  Henry Stuart Foote  Mar. 4, 1847      Mar. 3, 1853      Res. Jan. 8, 1852.
32d.............................  Walker Brooke.....  Feb. 18, 1852         Do.           ......................
33d-38th........................  Albert G. Brown\5\  Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
41st............................  Hiram R. Revels\6\  Jan. 20, 1870     Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
42d-44th........................  James L. Alcorn\7\  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
45th-50th.......................  Lucius Q. C. Lamar  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1889      Res. Mar. 6, 1885.
49th............................  Edward C. Walthall  Mar. 9, 1885      Jan. 20, 1886     By gov., to fill vac.
49th-53d........................  ......do..........  Jan. 20, 1886     Mar. 3, 1895      Res. Jan. 24, 1894.
53d.............................  Anselm J. McLaurin  Feb. 7, 1894          Do.           ......................
54th-56th.......................  Edward C. Walthall  Mar. 4, 1885      Mar. 3, 1901      Died Apr. 21, 1898.
55th-56th.......................  William V.          May 31, 1898      Jan. 15, 1900     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Sullivan.
56th............................  ......do..........  Jan. 16, 1900     Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
57th-62d........................  Anselm J. McLaurin  Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1913      Died Dec. 22, 1909.
61st............................  James Gordon......  Dec. 27, 1909     Feb. 22, 1910     By gov., to fill vac.
61st-62d........................  Le Roy Percy......  Feb. 23, 1910     Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-65th........................  James K. Vardaman.  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
66th-77th.......................  Pat Harrison......  Mar. 4, 1919      Jan. 2, 1943      Died June 22, 1941.
77th............................  James O. Eastland.  June 30, 1941     Sept.28,1941      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Wall Doxey........  Sept. 29, 1941    Jan. 2, 1943      ......................
78th-95th.......................  James O. Eastland.  Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1979      Res. Dec. 27, 1978.
95th-107th......................  Thad Cochran......  Dec. 27, 1978     Jan. 2, 2003      By gov., to fill vac.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Retired from the Senate Jan. 21, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Vacancy from Jan. 21, 1861, to
  Jan. 18, 1870, because of Civil War.
\2\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1869; resigned Jan. 10, 1874.
\3\Oath not administered for term beginning Jan. 3, 1947. Died Aug. 21, 1947.
\4\Elected Nov. 4, 1947, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1953.
\5\Retired from the Senate Jan. 12, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Vacancy from Jan. 14, 1861, to
  Jan. 20, 1870, because of Civil War.
\6\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865.
\7\Elected Jan. 18, 1870. Took oath Dec. 4, 1871. Governor during interim.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Missouri table.
                                                                848  849
            848  849

                                                    MISSOURI
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17th-31st.......................  Thomas H. Benton..  Aug. 10, 1821     Mar. 3, 1851      ......................
32d-34th........................  Henry S. Geyer....  Mar. 4, 1851      Mar. 3, 1857      ......................
35th-37th.......................  Trusten Polk......  Mar. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1863      Exp. Jan. 10, 1862.
37th............................  John B. Henderson.  Jan. 17, 1862     Jan. 5, 1863      By gov., to fill vac.
37th-40th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 6, 1863      Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
41st-43d........................  Carl Schurz.......  Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-58th.......................  Francis M.          Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
                                   Cockrell.
59th-61st.......................  William Warner\1\.  Mar. 18, 1905     Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-70th........................  James A. Reed.....  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1929      ......................
71st-73d........................  Roscoe C.           Mar. 4, 1929      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
                                   Patterson.
74th-79th.......................  Harry S Truman\2\.  Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
79th............................  Frank P. Briggs...  Jan. 18, 1945         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
80th-82d........................  James P. Kem......  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
83d-94th........................  Stuart Symington..  Jan. 3, 1953      Jan. 2, 1977      Res. Dec. 27, 1976.
94th-103d.......................  John C.             Dec. 27, 1976     Jan. 2, 1995      ......................
                                   Danforth\3\.
104th-106th.....................  John Ashcroft.....  Jan. 3, 1995      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17th-21st.......................  David Barton......  Aug. 10, 1821     Mar. 3, 1831      ......................
22d-24th........................  Alexander Buckner.  Mar. 4, 1831      Mar. 3, 1837      Died June 6, 1833.
23d.............................  Lewis F. Linn.....  Oct. 25, 1833     Nov. 19, 1834     By gov., to fill vac.
23d-30th........................  ......do..........  Nov. 20, 1834     Mar. 3, 1849      Died Oct. 3, 1843.
28th............................  David R. Atchison.  Oct. 14, 1843     Nov. 19, 1844     By gov., to fill vac.
28th-33d........................  ......do\4\.......  Nov. 20, 1844     Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
34th-36th.......................  James S. Green....  Jan. 12, 1857     Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
37th-39th.......................  Waldo P.            Mar. 17, 1861     Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
                                   Johnson\5\.
37th-38th.......................  Robert Wilson.....  Jan. 17, 1862     Nov. 13, 1863       Do.
38th-39th.......................  B. Gratz Brown....  Nov. 13, 1863     Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
40th-42d........................  Charles D. Drake..  Mar. 4, 1867      Mar. 3, 1873      Res. Dec. 19, 1870.
41st............................  Daniel T. Jewett..  Dec. 19, 1870     Jan. 20, 1871     By gov., to fill vac.
41st-42d........................  Francis P. Blair..  Jan. 20, 1871     Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-45th........................  Lewis V. Bogy.....  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 4, 1879      Died Sept. 20, 1877.
45th............................  David H. Armstrong  Sept. 29, 1877    Jan. 26, 1879     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  James Shields.....  Jan. 27, 1879     Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-57th.......................  George G. Vest....  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-66th.......................  William J. Stone..  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1921      Died Apr. 14, 1918.
65th............................  Xenophon P.         Apr. 30, 1918     Nov. 5, 1918      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Wilfley.
65th-69th.......................  Selden P. Spencer.  Nov. 6, 1918      Mar. 3, 1927      Died May 16, 1925.
69th............................  George H. Williams  May 25, 1925      Dec. 5, 1926      By gov., to fill vac.
69th-72d........................  Harry B. Hawes\6\.  Dec. 6, 1926      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
72d.............................  Bennett Champ       Feb. 3, 1933          Do.             Do.
                                   Clark.
73d-78th........................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1945      ......................
79th-81st.......................  Forrest C. Donnell  Jan. 3, 1945      Jan. 2, 1951      ......................
82d-87th........................  Thomas C.           Jan. 3, 1951      Jan. 2, 1963      Died Sept. 13, 1960.
                                   Hennings, Jr.
86th-90th.......................  Edward V. Long\7\.  Sept. 23, 1960    Jan. 2, 1969      ......................
90th-99th.......................  Thomas F.           Dec. 28, 1968     Jan. 2, 1987      ......................
                                   Eagleton\8\.
100th-108th.....................  Christopher S.      Jan. 3, 1987      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
                                   Bond.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Mar. 17, 1905, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\2\Resigned Jan. 17, 1945, to become Vice President.
\3\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1977.
\4\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1855, to Jan. 12, 1857, and from Mar. 3 to Mar. 17, 1861.
\5\Expelled Jan. 10, 1862. Vacancy from Jan. 10 to Jan. 17, 1862.
\6\Resigned effective Feb. 3, 1933.
\7\By governor, to fill vacancy. Elected Nov. 8, 1960, to fill unexpired term. Resigned Dec. 27, 1968.
\8\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1969.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Montana table.
                                                                850  851
            850  851

                                                     MONTANA
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-52d........................  Wilbur F. Sanders.  Jan. 1, 1890      Mar. 3, 1893      ......................
53d-55th........................  Lee Mantle\1\.....  Jan. 16, 1895     Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
56th-58th.......................  William A.          Mar. 4, 1899      Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
                                   Clark\2\.
57th-58th.......................  Paris Gibson......  Mar. 7, 1901          Do.           ......................
59th-61st.......................  Thomas H. Carter..  Mar. 4, 1905      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-67th........................  Henry L. Myers....  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
68th-79th.......................  Burton K. Wheeler.  Mar. 4, 1923      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
80th-82d........................  Zales N. Ecton....  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
83d-94th........................  Mike Mansfield....  Jan. 3, 1953      Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
95th-100th......................  John Melcher......  Jan. 3, 1977      Jan. 2, 1989      ......................
101st-106th.....................  Conrad Burns......  Jan. 3, 1989      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-53d........................  Thomas C. Power...  Jan. 2, 1890      Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
54th-56th.......................  Thomas H. Carter..  Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
57th-59th.......................  William A. Clark..  Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1907      ......................
60th-62d........................  Joseph M. Dixon...  Mar. 4, 1907      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-74th........................  Thomas J. Walsh...  Mar. 4, 1913      Jan. 2, 1937      Died Mar. 2, 1933.
73d.............................  John E. Erickson..  Mar. 13, 1933     Nov. 6, 1934      By gov., to fill vac.
73d-86th........................  James E. Murray...  Nov. 7, 1934      Jan. 2, 1961      ......................
87th-95th.......................  Lee Metcalf.......  Jan. 3, 1961      Jan. 2, 1979      Died Jan. 12, 1978.
95th............................  Paul G.             Jan. 22, 1978         Do.           ......................
                                   Hatfield\3\.
95th-107th......................  Max Baucus\4\.....  Dec. 15, 1978     Jan. 2, 2003      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1893, to Jan. 16, 1895, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\2\Resigned, to take effect May 15, 1900. Vacancy from May 15, 1900, to Mar. 7, 1901.
\3\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1979. Resigned Dec. 14, 1978.
\4\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1979.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Nebraska table.
                                                                852  853
            852  853

                                                    NEBRASKA
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40th-43d........................  Thomas W. Tipton..  Mar. 1, 1867      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-46th.......................  Algernon S.         Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
                                   Paddock.
47th-49th.......................  Charles H. Van      Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1887      ......................
                                   Wyck.
50th-52d........................  Algernon S.         Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1893      ......................
                                   Paddock.
53d-55th........................  William V. Allen..  Mar. 4, 1893      Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
56th-58th.......................  Monroe L.           Mar. 8, 1899      Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
                                   Hayward\1\.
56th-57th.......................  William V. Allen..  Dec. 13, 1899     Mar.28,1901       By gov., to fill vac.
57th-58th.......................  Charles H.          Mar. 28, 1901     Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
                                   Dietrich.
59th-61st.......................  Elmer J. Burkett..  Mar. 4, 1905      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-67th........................  Gilbert M.          Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1923
                                   Hitchcock.
68th-73d........................  Robert B.           Mar. 4, 1923      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
                                   Howell\2\.
73d.............................  William H.          May 24, 1933      Nov. 6, 1934      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Thompson.
  Do............................  Richard C. Hunter.  Nov. 7, 1934      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
74th-76th.......................  Edward R. Burke...  Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1941      ......................
77th-85th.......................  Hugh Butler.......  Jan. 3, 1941      Jan. 2, 1959      Died July 1, 1954.
83d.............................  Sam W. Reynolds...  July 3, 1954      Nov. 7, 1954      By gov., to fill vac.
83d-94th........................  Roman L. Hruska\3\  Nov. 8, 1954      Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
94th-100th......................  Edward Zorinsky\4\  Dec. 28, 1976     Jan. 2, 1989      Died March 6, 1987.
100th...........................  David K. Karnes...  Mar. 11, 1987     Jan. 2, 1989      By gov., to fill vac.
101st-106th.....................  J. Robert Kerrey..  Jan. 3, 1989      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40th-41st.......................  John M. Thayer....  Mar. 1, 1867      Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
42d-44th........................  Phineas W.          Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
                                   Hitchcock.
45th-47th.......................  Alvin Saunders....  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1883      ......................
48th-53d........................  Charles F.          Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
                                   Manderson.
54th-56th.......................  John M.             Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
                                   Thurston\5\.
57th-59th.......................  Joseph H. Millard.  Mar. 28, 1901     Mar. 3, 1907      ......................
60th-62d........................  Norris Brown......  Mar. 4, 1907      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-77th........................  George W. Norris..  Mar. 4, 1913      Jan. 2, 1943      ......................
78th-83d........................  Kenneth S. Wherry.  Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1955      Died Nov. 29, 1951.
82d.............................  Fred A. Seaton....  Dec. 10, 1951     Nov. 4, 1952      By gov., to fill vac.
82d-83d.........................  Dwight Griswold\6\  Nov. 5, 1952      Jan. 2, 1955      Died Apr. 12, 1954.
83d.............................  Eva Bowring.......  Apr. 16, 1954     Nov. 7, 1954      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Hazel H. Abel\7\..  Nov. 8, 1954      Dec. 31, 1954     ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                               NEBRASKA--Continued
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84th-95th.......................  Carl T. Curtis....  Jan. 1, 1955      Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
96th-104th......................  J.J. Exon.........  Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 1997      ......................
105th-107th.....................  Chuck Hagel.......  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Died Dec. 5, 1899, before qualifying.
\2\Died Mar. 11, 1933. Vacancy from Mar. 12 to May 23, 1933.
\3\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1959. Resigned Dec. 27, 1976.
\4\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1977.
\5\Vacancy from Mar. 3 to Mar. 28, 1901, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\6\Elected Nov. 4, 1952, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1955.
\7\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1955. Resigned effective Dec. 31, 1954.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Nevada table.
                                                                854  855
            854  855

                                                     NEVADA
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38th-43d........................  William M. Stewart  Dec. 15, 1864     Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-46th.......................  William Sharon....  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-49th.......................  James G. Fair.....  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1887      ......................
50th-58th.......................  William M. Stewart  Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
59th-64th.......................  George S. Nixon...  Mar. 4, 1905      Mar. 3, 1917      Died June 5, 1912.
62d.............................  William A. Massey.  July 1, 1912      Jan. 29, 1913     By gov., to fill vac.
62d-76th........................  Key Pittman.......  Jan. 29, 1913     Jan. 2, 1941      Died Nov. 10, 1940.
76th-77th.......................  Berkeley L. Bunker  Nov. 27, 1940     Dec. 6, 1942      By gov., to fill vac.
77th-79th.......................  James G. Scrugham.  Dec. 7, 1942      Jan. 2, 1947      Died June 23, 1945.
79th............................  E.P. Carville.....  July 25, 1945         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
80th-85th.......................  George W. Malone..  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-97th.......................  Howard W. Cannon..  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1983      ......................
98th-100th......................  Chic Hecht........  Jan. 3, 1983      Jan. 2, 1989      ......................
101st-106th.....................  Richard H. Bryan..  Jan. 3, 1989      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38th-42d........................  James W. Nye......  Dec. 16, 1864     Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-57th........................  John P. Jones.....  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-66th.......................  Francis G.          Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1921      Died Dec. 24, 1917.
                                   Newlands.
65th............................  Charles B.          Jan. 12, 1918     Nov. 5, 1918      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Henderson.
65th-66th.......................  ......do..........  Nov. 6, 1918      Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-72d........................  Tasker L. Oddie...  Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
73d-84th........................  Patrick A.          Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1957      Died Sept. 28, 1954.
                                   McCarran.
83d.............................  Ernest S. Brown...  Oct. 1, 1954      Dec. 1, 1954      By gov., to fill vac.
83d-93d.........................  Alan Bible\1\.....  Dec. 2, 1954      Jan. 2, 1975      Res. Dec. 17, 1974.
93d-99th........................  Paul Laxalt\2\....  Dec. 18, 1974     Jan. 2, 1987      ......................
100th-108th.....................  Harry M. Reid.....  Jan. 3, 1987      Jan. 2, 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1957.
\2\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1975.


                Footnotes continued on next 
            page.
                                                                856  857
            856  857

                                                  NEW HAMPSHIRE
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d..........................  Paine Wingate.....  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1793      ......................
3d-8th..........................  Samuel Livermore..  Mar. 4, 1793      Mar. 3, 1805      Res. June 12, 1801.
7th-8th.........................  Simeon Olcott.....  June 17, 1801         Do.           ......................
9th-14th........................  Nicholas Gilman...  Mar. 4, 1805      Mar. 3, 1817      Died May 2, 1814.
13th-14th.......................  Thomas W. Thompson  June 24, 1814         Do.           ......................
15th-17th.......................  David L. Morrill..  Mar. 4, 1817      Mar. 3, 1823      ......................
18th-23d........................  Samuel Bell.......  Mar. 4, 1823      Mar. 3, 1835      ......................
24th-26th.......................  Henry Hubbard.....  Mar. 4, 1835      Mar. 3, 1841      ......................
27th-29th.......................  Levi Woodbury.....  Mar. 4, 1841      Mar. 3, 1847      Res. Nov. 20, 1845.
29th............................  Benning W. Jenness  Dec. 1, 1845      June 13, 1846     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Joseph Cilley.....  June 13, 1846     Mar. 3, 1847      ......................
30th-32d........................  John P. Hale......  Mar. 4, 1847      Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
33d-35th........................  Charles G.          Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1859      Died Nov. 15, 1853.
                                   Atherton.
33d.............................  Jared W.            Nov. 29, 1853     July 15, 1854     ......................
                                   Williams\1\.
34th-38th.......................  John P. Hale......  July 30, 1855     Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
39th-44th.......................  Aaron H. Cragin...  Mar. 4, 1865      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
45th-47th.......................  Edward H. Rollins.  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1883      ......................
48th-50th.......................  Austin F. Pike....  Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1889      Died Oct. 8, 1886.
49th-50th.......................  Person C. Cheney..  Nov. 24, 1886     June 14, 1887     By gov., to fill vac.
50th............................  William E.          June 14, 1887     Mar. 3, 1889      ......................
                                   Chandler.
51st............................  Gilman Marston....  Mar. 4, 1889      June18,1889       By gov., to fill vac.
51st-56th.......................  William E.          June 19, 1889     Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
                                   Chandler.
57th-62d........................  Henry E. Burnham..  Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-65th........................  Henry F. Hollis\2\  Mar. 13, 1913     Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
66th-74th.......................  Henry W. Keyes....  Mar. 4, 1919      Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
75th-89th.......................  Styles Bridges....  Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1967      Died Nov. 26, 1961.
87th............................  Maurice J. Murphy,  Dec. 7, 1961      Nov. 6, 1962      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Jr.
87th-95th.......................  Thomas J. McIntyre  Nov. 7, 1962      Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
96th-101st......................  Gordon J. Humphrey  Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 1991      Res. Dec. 4, 1990.
101st-107th.....................  Robert C. Smith     Dec. 7, 1990      Jan. 2, 2003      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   \3\.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-6th.........................  John Langdon......  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1801      ......................
7th-9th.........................  James Sheafe......  Mar. 4, 1801      Mar. 3, 1807      Res. June 14, 1802.
    Do..........................  William Plumer....  June 17, 1802         Do.           ......................
10th-12th.......................  Nahum Parker......  Mar. 4, 1807      Mar. 3, 1813      Res. June 1, 1810.
11th-12th.......................  Charles Cutts.....  June 21, 1810         Do.           ......................
13th............................  ......do..........  Apr. 2, 1813      June10,1813       By gov., to fill vac.
13th-15th.......................  Jeremiah Mason....  June 10, 1813     Mar. 3, 1819      Res. June 16, 1817.
15th............................  Clement Storer....  June 27, 1817         Do.           ......................
16th-18th.......................  John F. Parrott...  Mar. 4, 1819      Mar. 3, 1825      ......................
19th-21st.......................  Levi Woodbury.....  June 16, 1825     Mar. 3, 1831      ......................
22d-24th........................  Isaac Hill........  Mar. 4, 1831      Mar. 3, 1837      Res. May 30, 1836.
24th............................  John Page.........  June 8, 1836          Do.           ......................
25th-27th.......................  Franklin Pierce...  Mar. 4, 1837      Mar. 3, 1834      Res. Feb. 28, 1842.
27th............................  Leonard Wilcox....  Mar. 1, 1842      June 8, 1842      By gov., to fill vac.
    Do..........................  ......do..........  June 9, 1842      Mar. 3, 1843      ......................
28th-30th.......................  Charles G.          Mar. 4, 1843      Mar. 3, 1849      ......................
                                   Atherton.
31st-33d........................  Moses Norris, Jr..  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1855      Died Jan. 11, 1855.
33d.............................  John S. Wells\4\..  Jan. 16, 1855         Do.           ......................
34th-36th.......................  James Bell........  July 30, 1855     Mar. 3, 1861      Died May 26, 1857.
35th-39th.......................  Daniel Clark......  June 27, 1857     Mar. 3, 1867      Res. July 27, 1866.
39th............................  George G. Fogg....  Aug. 31, 1866         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
40th-42d........................  James W. Patterson  Mar. 4, 1867      Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-45th........................  Bainbridge          Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
                                   Wadleigh.
46th............................  Charles H. Bell...  Mar. 13, 1879     June16,1879           Do.
46th-48th.......................  Henry W. Blair....  June 17, 1879     Mar. 3, 1885      ......................
49th............................  ......do..........  Mar. 5, 1885      June16,1885           Do.
49th-51st.......................  ......do..........  June 17, 1885     Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
52d-66th........................  Jacob H. Gallinger  Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1921      Died Aug. 17, 1918.
65th............................  Irving W. Drew....  Sept. 2, 1918     Nov. 5, 1918      By gov., to fill vac.
65th-72d........................  George H. Moses...  Nov. 6, 1918      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
73d-75th........................  Fred H. Brown.....  Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1939      ......................
76th-84th.......................  Charles W. Tobey..  Jan. 3, 1939      Jan. 2, 1957      Died July 24, 1953.
83d.............................  Robert W. Upton...  Aug. 14, 1953     Nov. 7, 1954      By gov., to fill vac.
83d-93d.........................  Norris Cotton\5\..  Nov. 8, 1954      Jan. 2, 1975      Res. Dec. 31, 1974.
93d.............................  Louis C. Wyman....  Jan. 1, 1975      Jan. 2, 1975      By gov., to fill vac.
94th............................  Norris Cotton\6\..  Aug.8,1975        Sept. 17, 1975    ......................
94th-96th.......................  John A. Durkin\7\.  Sept. 18, 1975    Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
96th-102d.......................  Warren Rudman\8\..  Dec. 29, 1980     Jan. 2, 1993      ......................
103d-108th......................  Judd Gregg........  Jan. 3, 1993      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\By governor, to fill vacancy. Senate resolution of Aug. 3, 1854, declared that representation under the
  appointment had expired. Vacancy from Aug. 4, 1854, to July 29, 1855.
\2\Vacancy from Mar. 3 to Mar. 13, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\3\By governor to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1991.
\4\By governor to fill vacancy.  Vacancy from Mar. 4 to July 29, 1855.
\5\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1957.
\6\By governor, to fill vacancy until new senatorial election. Vacancy Jan. 3, 1975, to Aug. 8, 1975, due to
  contested election.
\7\Elected Sept. 16, 1975, to fill vacancy in unexpired term ending Jan. 2, 1981, caused by the declaration of
  the Senate. Resigned Dec. 29, 1980.
\8\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1981.


                See footnotes at end of New 
            Jersey table.
                                                                858  859
            858  859

                                                   NEW JERSEY
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st.............................  Jonathan Elmer....  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1791      ......................
2d-7th..........................  John Rutherfurd...  Mar. 4, 1791      Mar. 3, 1803      Res. Nov. 26, 1798.
5th.............................  Franklin Davenport  Dec. 5, 1798      Mar. 3, 1799      By gov., to fill vac.
5th-7th.........................  James Schureman\1\  Mar. 4, 1799      Mar. 3, 1803      ......................
6th-7th.........................  Aaron Ogden.......  Feb. 28, 1801         Do.           ......................
8th.............................  John Condit\2\....  Sept. 1, 1803     Nov. 2, 1803      ......................
8th-10th........................  ......do..........  Nov. 3, 1803      Mar. 3, 1809      ......................
11th-13th.......................  John Lambert......  Mar. 4, 1809      Mar. 3, 1815      ......................
14th-16th.......................  James J. Wilson...  Mar. 4, 1815      Mar. 3, 1821      Res. Jan. 8, 1821.
16th............................  Samuel L. Southard  Jan. 26, 1821         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
17th-19th.......................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1821      Mar. 3, 1827      Res. Mar. 3, 1823.
18th-19th.......................  Joseph McIlvaine..  Nov. 12, 1823         Do.           Died Aug. 19, 1826.
19th-22d........................  Ephraim Bateman...  Nov. 10, 1826     Mar. 3, 1833      Res. Jan. 12, 1829.
20th-22d........................  Mahlon Dickerson..  Jan. 30, 1829         Do.           ......................
23d-28th........................  Samuel L. Southard  Mar. 4, 1833      Mar. 3, 1845      Died June 26, 1842.
27th............................  William L. Dayton.  July 2, 1842      Oct. 27, 1842     By gov., to fill vac.
27th-31st.......................  ......do..........  Oct. 28, 1842     Mar. 3, 1851      ......................
32d-34th........................  Robert F. Stockton  Mar. 4, 1851      Mar. 3, 1857      Res. Jan. 10, 1853.
33d-37th........................  John R. Thomson...  Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1863      Died Sept. 12, 1862.
37th............................  Richard S. Field..  Nov. 21, 1862     Jan. 14, 1863     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  James W. Wall.....  Jan. 14, 1863     Mar. 3, 1863      ......................
38th-40th.......................  William Wright....  Mar. 4, 1863      Mar. 3, 1869      Died Nov. 1, 1866.
39th............................  Frederick T.        Nov. 12, 1866     Jan. 22, 1867     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Frelinghuysen.
39th-40th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 23, 1867     Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
41st-43d........................  John P. Stockton..  Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-46th.......................  Theodore F.         Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
                                   Randolph.
47th-49th.......................  William J. Sewell.  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1887      ......................
50th-52d........................  Rufus Blodgett....  Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1893      ......................
53d-55th........................  James Smith, Jr...  Mar. 4, 1893      Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
56th-61st.......................  John Kean.........  Mar. 4, 1899      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-64th........................  James E. Martine..  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
65th-67th.......................  Joseph S.           Mar. 4, 1917      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
                                   Frelinghuysen.
68th-70th.......................  Edward I. Edwards.  Mar. 4, 1923      Mar. 3, 1929      ......................
71st-73d........................  Hamilton F. Kean..  Mar. 4, 1929      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
74th-76th.......................  A. Harry Moore....  Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1941      Res. Jan. 18, 1938.
75th............................  John Milton.......  Jan. 18, 1938     Nov. 8, 1938      By gov., to fill vac.
75th-79th.......................  W. Warren Barbour.  Nov. 9, 1938      Jan. 2, 1947      Died Nov. 22, 1943.
78th............................  Arthur Walsh......  Nov. 26, 1943     Dec. 6, 1944      By gov., to fill vac.
78th-85th.......................  H. Alexander        Dec. 7, 1944      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
                                   Smith\3\.
86th-97th.......................  Harrison A.         Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1983      Res. Mar. 11, 1982
                                   Williams, Jr.\4\.
97th............................  Nicholas F.         Apr. 20, 1982     Jan. 2, 1983      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Brady\5\.
98th-106th......................  Frank R.            Jan. 3, 1983      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................
                                   Lautenberg\6\.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d..........................  William Paterson..  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1793      Res. Nov. 13, 1790.
  Do............................  Philemon Dickinson  Nov. 23, 1790         Do.           ......................
3d-5th..........................  Frederick           Mar. 4, 1793      Mar. 3, 1799      Res. Nov. 12, 1796.
                                   Frelinghuysen.
4th-5th.........................  Richard Stockton..  Nov. 12, 1796         Do.           ......................
6th-8th.........................  Jonathan Dayton...  Mar. 4, 1799      Mar. 3, 1805      ......................
9th-11th........................  Aaron Kitchell....  Mar. 4, 1805      Mar. 3, 1811      Res. Mar. 12, 1809.
11th............................  John Condit.......  Mar. 21, 1809     Nov. 1, 1809      By gov., to fill vac.
11th-14th.......................  ......do..........  Nov. 2, 1809      Mar. 3, 1817      ......................
15th-20th.......................  Mahlon Dickerson..  Mar. 4, 1817      Mar. 3, 1829      Res. Jan. 30, 1829.
21st-23d........................  Theodore            Mar. 4, 1829      Mar. 3, 1835      ......................
                                   Frelinghuysen.
24th-26th.......................  Garret D. Wall....  Mar. 4, 1835      Mar. 3, 1841      ......................
27th-32d........................  Jacob W. Miller...  Mar. 4, 1841      Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
33d-35th........................  William Wright....  Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1859      ......................
36th-38th.......................  John C. Ten Eyck..  Mar. 4, 1859      Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
39th-41st.......................  John P.             Mar. 4, 1865      Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
                                   Stockton\7\.
  Do............................  Alexander G.        Sept. 19, 1866        Do.           ......................
                                   Cattell\8\.
42d-44th........................  Frederick T.        Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
                                   Frelinghuysen.
45th-53d........................  John R. McPherson.  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1895      ......................


                                              NEW JERSEY--Continued
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54th-59th.......................  William J. Sewell.  Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1907      Died Dec. 27, 1901.
57th-59th.......................  John F. Dryden....  Jan. 29, 1902         Do.           ......................
60th-62d........................  Frank O. Briggs...  Mar. 4, 1907      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-65th........................  William Hughes....  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1919      Died Jan. 30, 1918.
65th............................  David Baird.......  Feb. 23, 1918     Nov. 5, 1918      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Nov. 6, 1918      Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
66th-71st.......................  Walter E. Edge....  Mar. 4, 1919      Mar. 3, 1931      Res. Nov. 21, 1929.
71st............................  David Baird, Jr...  Nov. 30, 1929     Dec. 2, 1930      By gov., to fill vac.
71st-74th.......................  Dwight W. Morrow..  Dec. 3, 1930      Jan. 2, 1937      Died Oct. 5, 1931.
72d.............................  W. Warren Barbour.  Dec. 1, 1931      Nov. 8, 1932      By gov., to fill vac.
72d-74th........................  ......do..........  Nov. 9, 1932      Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
75th-77th.......................  William H.          Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1943      ......................
                                   Smathers\9\.
78th-80th.......................  Albert W. Hawkes..  Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
81st-83d........................  Robert C.           Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1955      ......................
                                   Hendrickson.
84th-95th.......................  Clifford P. Case..  Jan. 3, 1955      Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
96th-104th......................  Bill Bradley......  Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 1997      ......................
105th-107th.....................  Robert G.           Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................
                                   Torricelli.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Elected Feb. 14, 1799. Served in the House during interim. Resigned Feb. 16, 1801.
\2\ By governor, to fill vacancy. Vacancy from Mar. 3, to Sept. 1, 1803, because of failure of legislature to
  elect.
\3\ Elected Nov. 7, 1944, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1947.
\4\ Resigned from the Senate Mar. 11, 1982.
\5\ Resigned Dec. 26, 1982.
\6\ Appointed by gov., Dec. 27, 1982, to complete the unexpired term of Nicholas F. Brady, ending Jan. 3, 1983.
\7\ Seat declared vacant Mar. 27, 1866.
\8\ To fill unexpired term of John P. Stockton, unseated. Vacancy from Mar. 28 to Sept. 18, 1866.
\9\ Elected Nov. 3, 1936. Took oath Apr. 15, 1937. Served as a State senator during interim.


                See footnotes at end of New 
            Mexico table.
                                                                860  861
            860  861

                                                   NEW MEXICO
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
62d-64th........................  Thomas B. Catron..  Mar. 27, 1912     Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
65th-70th.......................  Andrieus A. Jones.  Mar. 4, 1917      Mar. 3, 1929      Died Dec. 20, 1927.
70th............................  Bronson Cutting...  Dec. 29, 1927     Dec. 6, 1928      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Octaviano A.        Dec. 7, 1928      Mar. 3, 1929      ......................
                                   Larrazolo.
71st-76th.......................  Bronson Cutting...  Mar. 4, 1929      Jan. 2, 1941      Died May 6, 1935.
74th............................  Dennis Chavez.....  May 11, 1935      Nov. 3, 1936      By gov., to fill vac.
74th-88th.......................  ......do.\1\......  Nov. 4, 1936      Jan. 2, 1965      Died Nov. 18, 1962.
87th-88th.......................  E. L. Mechem\2\...  Nov. 30, 1962     Nov. 3, 1964      By gov., to fill vac.
88th-94th.......................  Joseph M. Montoya.  Nov. 4, 1964      Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
95th-97th.......................  Harrison H.         Jan. 3, 1977      Jan. 2, 1983      ......................
                                   Schmitt.
98th-106th......................  Jeff Bingaman.....  Jan. 3, 1983      Jan. 2, 2001

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
62d-68th........................  Albert B. Fall....  Mar. 27, 1912     Mar. 3, 1925      Res. Mar. 4, 1921.
67th............................  Holm O. Bursum....  Mar. 11, 1921     Sept.19,1921      By gov., to fill vac.
67th-68th.......................  ......do..........  Sept. 20, 1921    Mar. 3, 1925      ......................
69th-74th.......................  Sam G. Bratton\3\.  Mar. 4, 1925      Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
73d.............................  Carl A. Hatch.....  Oct. 10, 1933     Nov. 6, 1934          Do.
73d-80th........................  ......do..........  Nov. 7, 1934      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
81st-92d........................  Clinton P.          Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1973      ......................
                                   Anderson.
93d-107th.......................  Pete V. Domenici..  Jan. 3, 1973      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Elected Nov. 3, 1936, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1941.
\2\ To serve until successor is elected by law.
\3\ Resigned June 24, 1933. Vacancy from June 25 to Oct. 9, 1933.


                See footnotes at end of New 
            York table.
                                                                862  863
            862  863

                                                    NEW YORK
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st.............................  Philip Schuyler...  July 15, 1789     Mar. 3, 1791      ......................
2d-4th..........................  Aaron Burr........  Mar. 4, 1791      Mar. 3, 1797      ......................
5th-7th.........................  Philip Schuyler...  Mar. 4, 1797      Mar. 3, 1803      Res. Jan. 3, 1798.
  Do............................  John S. Hobart....  Jan. 11, 1798         Do.           Res. Apr. 16, 1798.
5th.............................  William North.....  May 5, 1798       Aug. 17, 1798     By gov., to fill vac.
5th-7th.........................  James Watson......  Aug. 17, 1798     Mar. 3, 1803      Res. Mar. 19, 1800.
6th-7th.........................  Gouverneur Morris.  Apr. 3, 1800          Do.           ......................
8th-10th........................  Theodorus Bailey..  Mar. 4, 1803      Mar. 3, 1809      Res. Jan. 16, 1804.
  Do............................  John Armstrong....  Feb. 4, 1804          Do.           Res. June 30, 1804.
  Do............................  Samuel L. Mitchill  Nov. 9, 1804          Do.           ......................
11th-13th.......................  Obadiah German....  Mar. 4, 1809      Mar. 3, 1815      ......................
14th-16th.......................  Nathan Sanford....  Mar. 4, 1815      Mar. 3, 1821      ......................
17th-22d........................  Martin Van Buren..  Mar. 4, 1821      Mar. 3, 1833      Res. Dec. 20, 1828.
20th-22d........................  Charles E. Dudley.  Jan. 15, 1829     Mar. 3, 1833      ......................
23d-28th........................  Nathaniel P.        Mar. 4, 1833      Mar. 3, 1845      Res. June 17, 1844.
                                   Tallmadge.
28th............................  Daniel S.           Nov. 30, 1844     Jan. 17, 1845     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Dickinson.
28th-31st.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 18, 1845     Mar. 3, 1851      ......................
32d-34th........................  Hamilton Fish.....  Mar. 4, 1851      Mar. 3, 1857      ......................
35th-37th.......................  Preston King......  Mar. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1863      ......................
38th-40th.......................  Edwin D. Morgan...  Mar. 4, 1863      Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
41st-43d........................  Reuben E. Fenton..  Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-46th.......................  Francis Kernan....  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-49th.......................  Thomas C. Platt...  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1887      Res. May 16, 1881.
  Do............................  Warner Miller.....  July 16, 1881         Do.           ......................
50th-52d........................  Frank Hiscock.....  Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1893      ......................
53d-55th........................  Edward Murphy, Jr.  Mar. 4, 1893      Mar. 3, 1890      ......................
56th-61st.......................  Chauncey M. Depew.  Mar. 4, 1899      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-64th........................  James A. O'Gorman   Mar. 31, 1911     Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
                                   \1\.
65th-67th.......................  William M. Calder.  Mar. 4, 1917      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
68th-76th.......................  Royal S. Copeland   Mar. 4, 1923      Jan. 2, 1941      ......................
                                   \2\.
75th-79th.......................  James M. Mead \3\.  Dec. 3, 1938      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
80th-85th.......................  Irving M. Ives....  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-88th.......................  Kenneth B. Keating  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1965      ......................
89th-91st.......................  Robert F. Kennedy.  Jan. 3, 1965      Jan. 2, 1971      Died June 6, 1968.
90th-91st.......................  Charles E. Goodell  Sept. 10, 1968        Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
92d-94th........................  James L. Buckley..  Jan. 3, 1971      Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
95th-106th......................  Daniel P. Moynihan  Jan. 3, 1977      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-6th.........................  Rufus King........  July 16, 1789     Mar. 3, 1801      Res. May 23, 1796.
4th-6th.........................  John Laurance.....  Nov. 9, 1796          Do.           Res. in Aug. 1800.
6th-9th.........................  John Armstrong....  Nov. 6, 1800      Mar. 3, 1807      Res. Feb. 5, 1802.
7th-9th.........................  De Witt Clinton...  Feb. 9, 1802          Do.           Res. Nov. 4, 1803.
8th.............................  John Armstrong....  Nov. 10, 1803     Feb. 4, 1804      By gov., to fill vac.
8th-12th........................  John Smith........  Feb. 4, 1804      Mar. 3, 1813      ......................
13th-18th.......................  Rufus King........  Mar. 4, 1813      Mar. 3, 1825      ......................
19th-21st.......................  Nathan Sanford \4\  Jan. 14, 1826     Mar. 3, 1831      ......................
22d-24th........................  William L. Marcy..  Mar. 4, 1831      Mar. 3, 1837      Res. Jan. 1, 1833.
22d-30th........................  Silas Wright, Jr..  Jan. 4, 1833      Mar. 3, 1849      Res. Nov. 26, 1844.
28th............................  Henry A. Foster...  Nov. 30, 1844     Jan. 18, 1845     By gov., to fill vac.
28th-30th.......................  John A. Dix.......  Jan. 18, 1845     Jan. 3, 1849      ......................
31st-36th.......................  William H. Seward.  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
37th-39th.......................  Ira Harris........  Mar. 4, 1861      Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
40th-48th.......................  Roscoe Conkling...  Mar. 4, 1867      Mar. 3, 1885      Res. May 16, 1881.
47th-48th.......................  Elbridge G. Lapham  July 22, 1881         Do.           ......................
49th-51st.......................  William M. Evarts.  Mar. 4, 1885      Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
52d-54th........................  David B. Hill\5\..  Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-60th.......................  Thomas C. Platt...  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
61st-63d........................  Elihu Root........  Mar. 4, 1909      Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
64th-69th.......................  James W.            Mar. 4, 1915      Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
                                   Wadsworth, Jr.
70th-81st.......................  Robert F. Wagner..  Mar. 4, 1927      Jan. 2, 1951      Res. June 28, 1949.
81st............................  John Foster Dulles  July 7, 1949      Nov. 8, 1949      By gov., to fill vac.
81st-84th.......................  Herbert H.          Nov. 9, 1949      Jan. 2, 1957      ......................
                                   Lehman\6\.
85th-96th.......................  Jacob K. Javits\7\  Jan. 9, 1957      Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
97th-105th......................  Alfonse M. D'Amato  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 1999      ......................
106th-108th.....................  Charles E. Schumer  Jan. 3, 1999      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Mar. 30, 1911, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\2\ Died June 17, 1938. Vacancy from June 18 to Dec. 2, 1938.
\3\ Elected Nov. 8, 1938. Served in the House during interim.
\4\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1825, to Jan. 13, 1826.
\5\Elected Jan. 21, 1891. Took oath Jan. 7, 1892. Governor during interim.
\6\Elected Nov. 8, 1949, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1951.
\7\Waived compensation Jan. 3-8, 1957, while Attorney-General of State.


                See footnotes at end of 
            North Carolina table.
                                                                864  865
            864  865

                                                 NORTH CAROLINA
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d..........................  Samuel Johnston...  Nov. 27, 1789     Mar. 3, 1793      ......................
3d-5th..........................  Alexander Martin..  Mar. 4, 1793      Mar. 3, 1799      ......................
6th-8th.........................  Jesse Franklin....  Mar. 4, 1799      Mar. 3, 1805      ......................
9th-14th........................  James Turner......  Mar. 4, 1805      Mar. 3, 1817      Res. Nov. 21, 1816.
14th-17th.......................  Montfort Stokes...  Dec. 4, 1816      Mar. 3, 1823      ......................
18th-23d........................  John Branch.......  Mar. 4, 1823      Mar. 3, 1835      Res. Mar. 9, 1829.
21st-26th.......................  Bedford Brown.....  Dec. 9, 1829      Mar. 3, 1841      Res. Nov. 11, 1840.
26th-32d........................  Willie P. Mangum..  Nov. 25, 1840     Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
33d-35th........................  David S. Reid\1\..  Dec. 6, 1854      Mar. 3, 1859      ......................
36th-38th.......................  Thomas Bragg\2\...  Mar. 4, 1859      Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
40th-41st.......................  Joseph C.           July 14, 1868     Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
                                   Abbott\3\.
42d-53d.........................  Matt W. Ransom\4\.  Jan. 30, 1872     Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
54th-56th.......................  Marion Butler.....  Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
57th-71st.......................  Furnifold M.        Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
                                   Simmons.
72d-80th........................  Josiah W. Bailey..  Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1949      Died Dec. 15, 1946.
80th............................  Wm. B. Umstead....  Dec. 18, 1946     Dec. 30, 1948     By gov., to fill vac.
80th............................  J. Melville         Dec. 31, 1948     Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
                                   Broughton\5\.
81st-83d........................  ......do..........  Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1955      Died Mar. 6, 1949.
81st............................  Frank P. Graham...  Mar. 29, 1949     Nov. 26, 1950     By gov., to fill vac.
81st-83d........................  Willis Smith\6\...  Nov. 27, 1950     Jan. 2, 1955      Died June 26, 1953.
83d.............................  Alton A. Lennon...  July 10, 1953     Nov. 28, 1954     By gov., to fill vac.
83d-86th........................  W. Kerr Scott\7\..  Nov. 29, 1954     Jan. 2, 1961      Died Apr. 16, 1958.
85th-92d........................  B. Everett          Apr. 19, 1958     Jan. 2, 1973      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Jordan\8\.
93d-107th.......................  Jesse Helms.......  Jan. 3, 1973      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-3d..........................  Benjamin Hawkins..  Nov. 27, 1789     Mar. 3, 1795      ......................
4th-6th.........................  Timothy Bloodworth  Mar. 4, 1795      Mar. 3, 1801      ......................
7th-9th.........................  David Stone\9\....  Mar. 4, 1801      Mar. 3, 1807      ......................
10th-12th.......................  Jesse Franklin....  Mar. 4, 1807      Mar. 3, 1813      ......................
13th-15th.......................  David Stone.......  Mar. 4, 1813      Mar. 3, 1819      Res. Dec. 24, 1814.
  Do............................  Francis Locke\10\.  ........, 1814        Do.           ......................
14th-21st.......................  Nathaniel Macon...  Dec. 5, 1815      Mar. 3, 1831      Res. Nov. 14, 1828.
20th-21st.......................  James Iredell.....  Dec. 15, 1828         Do.           ......................
22d-24th........................  Willie P. Mangum..  Mar. 4, 1831      Mar. 3, 1837      Res. Nov. 26, 1836.
24th-27th.......................  Robert Strange....  Dec. 5, 1836      Mar. 3, 1843      Res. Nov. 16, 1840.
26th-27th.......................  William A. Graham.  Nov. 25, 1840         Do.           ......................
28th-30th.......................  William H.          Mar. 4, 1843      Mar. 3, 1849      Res. July 25, 1846.
                                   Haywood, Jr.
29th-33d........................  George E. Badger..  Nov. 25, 1846     Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
34th-36th.......................  Asa Biggs.........  Mar. 4, 1855      Mar. 3, 1861      Res. May 5, 1858.
35th............................  Thomas L. Clingman  May 6, 1858       Nov. 22, 1858     By gov., to fill vac.
35th-39th.......................  ......do.\11\.....  Nov. 23, 1858     Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
40th-42d........................  John Pool\12\.....  June 25, 1868     Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-45th........................  Augustus S.         Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
                                   Merrimon.
46th-54th.......................  Zebulon B. Vance..  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1897      Died Apr. 14, 1894.
53d.............................  Thomas J. Jarvis..  Apr. 19, 1894     Jan. 23, 1895     By gov., to fill vac.
53d-58th........................  Jeter C. Pritchard  Jan. 23, 1895     Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-72d........................  Lee S. Overman....  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1933      Died Dec. 12, 1930.
71st-72d........................  Cameron Morrison..  Dec. 13, 1930     Dec. 4, 1932      By gov., to fill vac.
72d-78th........................  Robert R. Reynolds  Dec. 5, 1932      Jan. 2, 1945      ......................
79th-84th.......................  Clyde R. Hoey.....  Jan. 3, 1945      Jan. 2, 1957      Died May 12, 1954.
83d-93d.........................  Sam J. Ervin,       June 5, 1954      Jan. 2, 1975      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Jr.\13\.
94th-96th.......................  Robert Morgan.....  Jan. 3, 1975      Jan. 2, 1981      Res. Dec. 31, 1974.
97th-99th.......................  John P. East......  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 1987      Died June 29, 1986.
99th............................  James T.            July 14, 1986     Nov. 4, 1986
                                   Broyhill\1\\4\.
99th-102d.......................  Terry               Nov. 5, 1986      Jan. 2, 1993
                                   Sanford\1\\5\.
103d-105th......................  Lauch Faircloth...  Jan. 3, 1993      Jan. 2, 1999      ......................
106th-108th.....................  John Edwards......  Jan. 3, 1999      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1853, to Dec. 6, 1854.
\2\Expelled July 11, 1861. Vacancy from July 11, 1861, to July 14, 1868, because of Civil War.
\3\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865.
\4\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1871, to Jan. 29, 1872. Zebulon B. Vance was elected but not admitted.
\5\Elected Nov. 2, 1948, for term expiring Jan. 2, 1949. Oath administered Dec. 31, 1948.
\6\Elected Nov. 7, 1950, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1955.
\7\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1955, and to full term ending Jan. 2, 1961.
\8\Elected Nov. 4, 1958, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1961.
\9\Resigned about Feb. 17, 1807.
\10\Did not qualify. Resigned Dec. 5, 1815.
\11\Expelled July 11, 1861. Vacancy from July 11, 1861, to June 25, 1868, because of Civil War.
\12\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867.
\13\Subsequently elected, Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1957.
\14\ By governor, to fill vacancy unitl new Senatorial election.
\15\ Elected Nov. 5, 1986, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 3, 1987, and to full term ending Jan. 3, 1993.


                Footnotes continued on next 
            page.
                                                                866  867
            866  867

                                                  NORTH DAKOTA
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-52d........................  Lyman R. Casey....  Nov. 25, 1889     Mar. 3, 1893      ......................
53d-55th........................  William N. Roach..  Mar. 4, 1893      Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
56th-67th.......................  Porter J. McCumber  Mar. 4, 1899      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
68th-76th.......................  Lynn J. Frazier...  Mar. 4, 1923      Jan. 2, 1941      ......................
77th-86th.......................  William Langer....  Jan. 3, 1941      Jan. 2, 1965      Died Nov. 8, 1959.
86th............................  C. Norman           Nov. 19, 1959     Aug. 7, 1960      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Brunsdale.
86th-102d.......................  Quentin N.          Aug. 8, 1960      Jan. 2, 1995      Died Sept. 8, 1992.
                                   Burdick\1\.
102d............................  Jocelyn Birch       Sept. 12, 1992    Dec. 4, 1992      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Burdick\2\.
102d-106th......................  Kent Conrad\3\....  Dec. 5, 1992      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st............................  Gilbert A. Pierce.  Nov. 21, 1889     Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
52d-60th........................  Henry C.            Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
                                   Hansbrough.
61st-63d........................  Martin N. Johnson.  Mar. 4, 1909      Mar. 3, 1915      Died Oct. 21, 1909.
61st............................  Fountain L.         Nov. 10, 1909     Jan. 31, 1910     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Thompson\4\.
  Do............................  William E. Purcell  Feb. 1, 1910      Feb. 1, 1911          Do.
61st-66th.......................  Asle J. Gronna....  Feb. 2, 1911      Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-69th.......................  Edwin F. Ladd.....  Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1927      Died June 22, 1925.
69th............................  Gerald P. Nye.....  Nov. 14, 1925     June 29, 1926     By gov., to fill vac.
69th-78th.......................  ......do..........  June 30, 1926     Jan. 2, 1945      ......................
79th-81st.......................  John Moses........  Jan. 3, 1945      Jan. 2, 1951      Died Mar. 3, 1945.
79th-96th.......................  Milton R. Young\5\  Mar. 12, 1945     Jan. 2, 1981      By gov., to fill vac.
97th-99th.......................  Mark Andrews......  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 1987      ......................
100th-102d......................  Kent Conrad \3\...  Jan. 3, 1987      Jan. 2, 1993      Res. Dec. 4, 1992.
102d-108th......................  Byron L. Dorgan\6\  Dec. 14, 1992     Jan. 2, 2005      By gov., to fill vac.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected June 28, 1960, to fill unexpired term.
\2\Appointed to serve until special election Dec. 4, 1992.
\3\Having been elected Dec. 4, 1992 to fill the vacancy in class 1, Sen. Conrad resigned his class 3 seat, and
  assumed the class 1 seat on Dec. 5, 1992.
\4\Resigned Jan. 31, 1910.
\5\Elected June 25, 1946, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1951. Oath under certificate. Died May 31,
  1983.
\6\Having been elected to the 103d Congress, Sen. Dorgan was apppointed by the governor on Dec. 14, 1992 to fill
  the vacancy created by the resignation of Sen. Conrad to fill the vancancy in class 1.


                See footnotes at end of Ohio 
            table.
                                                                868  869
            868  869

                                                      OHIO
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8th-10th........................  John Smith........  Apr. 1, 1803      Mar. 3, 1809      Res. Apr. 25, 1808.
10th-13th.......................  Return J. Meigs,    Dec. 12, 1808     Mar. 3, 1815      Res. May 10, 1810.
                                   Jr.
11th-13th.......................  Thomas Worthington  Dec. 15, 1810         Do.           Res. Dec. 1, 1814.
13th............................  Joseph Kerr.......  Dec. 10, 1814         Do.           ......................
14th-22d........................  Benjamin Ruggles..  Mar. 4, 1815      Mar. 3, 1833      ......................
23d-25th........................  Thomas Morris.....  Mar. 4, 1833      Mar. 3, 1839      ......................
26th-28th.......................  Benjamin Tappan...  Mar. 4, 1839      Mar. 3, 1845      ......................
29th-31st.......................  Thomas Corwin.....  Mar. 4, 1845      Mar. 3, 1851      Res. July 20, 1850.
31st............................  Thomas Ewing......  July 20, 1850         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
32d-40th........................  Benjamin F.         Mar. 15, 1851     Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
                                   Wade\1\.
41st-46th.......................  Allen G. Thurman..  Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-55th.......................  John Sherman......  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1899      Res. Mar. 5, 1897.
55th............................  Marcus A. Hanna...  Mar. 5, 1897      Jan. 11, 1898     By gov., to fill vac.
55th-58th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 12, 1898     Mar. 3, 1905      Died Feb. 15, 1904.
58th-61st.......................  Charles W. F. Dick  Mar. 2, 1904      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-67th........................  Atlee Pomerene....  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
68th-73d........................  Simeon D. Fess....  Mar. 4, 1923      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
74th-76th.......................  Vic Donahey.......  Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1941      ......................
77th-79th.......................  Harold H.           Jan. 3, 1941      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
                                   Burton\2\.
79th............................  James W. Huffman..  Oct. 8, 1945      Nov. 5, 1946      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Kingsley A. Taft..  Nov. 6, 1946      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
80th-85th.......................  John W. Bricker...  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-91st.......................  Stephen M. Young..  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1971      ......................
92d-94th........................  Robert Taft, Jr...  Jan. 3, 1971      Jan. 2, 1977      Res. Dec. 28, 1976.
93d-103d........................  Howard M.           Dec. 29, 1976     Jan. 2, 1995      ......................
                                   Metzenbaum.
104th-106th.....................  Mike DeWine.......  Jan. 3, 1995      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8th-9th.........................  Thomas Worthington  Apr. 1, 1803      Mar. 3, 1807      ......................
10th-12th.......................  Edward Tiffin.....  Mar. 4, 1807      Mar. 3, 1813      Res. Mar. 3, 1809.
11th............................  Stanley Griswold..  May 18, 1809      Dec. 11, 1809     By gov., to fill vac.
11th-12th.......................  Alexander Campbell  Dec. 11, 1809     Mar. 3, 1813      ......................
13th-15th.......................  Jeremiah Morrow...  Mar. 4, 1813      Mar. 3, 1819      ......................
16th-18th.......................  William A. Trimble  Mar. 4, 1819      Mar. 3, 1825      Died Dec. 13, 1821.
17th-18th.......................  Ethan Allen Brown.  Jan. 3, 1822          Do.           ......................
19th-21st.......................  William H.          Mar. 4, 1825      Mar. 3, 1831      Res. May 20, 1828.
                                   Harrison.
20th-21st.......................  Jacob Burnet......  Dec. 10, 1828         Do.           ......................
22d-24th........................  Thomas Ewing......  Mar. 4, 1831      Mar. 3, 1837      ......................
25th-30th.......................  William Allen.....  Mar. 4, 1837      Mar. 3, 1849      ......................
31st-33d........................  Salmon P. Chase...  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
34th-36th.......................  George E. Pugh....  Mar. 4, 1855      Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
37th-39th.......................  Salmon P. Chase...  Mar. 4, 1861      Mar. 3, 1867      Res. Mar. 6, 1861.
37th-45th.......................  John Sherman......  Mar. 21, 1861     Mar. 3, 1879      Res. Mar. 8, 1877.
45th............................  Stanley Matthews..  Mar. 21, 1877         Do.           ......................
46th-48th.......................  George H.           Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1885      ......................
                                   Pendleton.
49th-51st.......................  Henry B. Payne....  Mar. 4, 1885      Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
52d-54th........................  Calvin S. Brice...  Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-60th.......................  Joseph B. Foraker.  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
61st-63d........................  Theodore E. Burton  Mar. 4, 1909      Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
64th-66th.......................  Warren G.           Mar. 4, 1915      Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
                                   Harding\3\.
66th............................  Frank B. Willis...  Jan. 14, 1921     Mar. 3, 1921      By gov., to fill vac.
67th-72d........................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1933      Died Mar. 30, 1928.
70th............................  Cyrus Locher......  Apr. 4, 1928      Dec. 14, 1928     By gov., to fill vac.
70th-72d........................  Theodore E. Burton  Dec. 15, 1928     Mar. 3, 1933      Died Oct. 28, 1929.
71st............................  Roscoe C.           Nov. 5, 1929      Nov. 30, 1930     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   McCulloch.
71st-75th.......................  Robert J. Bulkley.  Dec. 1, 1930      Jan. 2, 1939      ......................
76th-84th.......................  Robert A. Taft....  Jan. 3, 1939      Jan. 2, 1957      Died July 31, 1953.
83d.............................  Thomas A. Burke...  Nov. 10, 1953     Dec. 2, 1954      By gov., to fill vac.
83d-84th........................  George H.           Dec. 16, 1954     Jan. 2, 1957      ......................
                                   Bender\4\.
85th-90th.......................  Frank J. Lausche..  Jan. 3, 1957      Jan. 2, 1969      ......................
91st-93d........................  William B. Saxbe..  Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1975      Res. Jan. 3, 1974.
93d.............................  Howard M.           Jan. 4, 1974      Jan. 2, 1975      Res. Dec. 23, 1974.
                                   Metzenbaum\5\.
93d-105th.......................  John H. Glenn\6\..  Dec. 24, 1974     Jan. 2, 1999      ......................
106th-108th.....................  George V.           Jan. 3, 1999      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
                                   Voinovich.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Mar. 14, 1851, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\2\Resigned Sept. 30, 1945, to accept appointment on Supreme Court.
\3\Resigned, effective Jan. 13, 1921.
\4\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1957. Chose to continue as a Member of the House
  of Representatives until Dec. 15, 1954, waiving right to commence service in the Senate on Dec. 3, 1954.
\5\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1975; resigned to fill vacancy in class 1.
\6\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1975.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Oklahoma table.
                                                                870  871
            870  871

                                                    OKLAHOMA
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60th-68th.......................  Robert L. Owen....  Dec. 11, 1907     Mar. 3. 1925      ......................
69th-71st.......................  William B. Pine...  Mar. 4, 1925      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
72d-74th........................  Thomas P. Gore....  Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
75th-77th.......................  Josh Lee..........  Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1943      ......................
78th-80th.......................  Edward H. Moore...  Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
81st-87th.......................  Robert S. Kerr....  Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1967      Died Jan. 1, 1963.
88th............................  J. Howard           Jan. 7, 1963      Nov. 3, 1964      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Edmondson\1\.
88th-92d........................  Fred R. Harris....  Nov. 4, 1964      Jan. 2, 1973      ......................
93d-95th........................  Dewey F. Bartlett.  Jan. 3, 1973      Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
96th-103d.......................  David L. Boren....  Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 1997      Res. Nov. 15, 1994.
103d-107th......................  James M. Inhofe\2\  Nov. 16, 1994     Jan. 2, 2003      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60th-66th.......................  Thomas P. Gore....  Dec. 11, 1907     Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-69th.......................  John W. Harreld...  Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
70th-81st.......................  Elmer Thomas......  Mar. 4, 1927      Jan. 2, 1951      ......................
82d-90th........................  A. S. Mike          Jan. 3, 1951      Jan. 2, 1969      ......................
                                   Monroney.
91st-96th.......................  Henry Bellmon.....  Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
97th-108th......................  Don Nickles.......  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\To serve until a successor is elected by law.
\2\Elected Nov. 8, 1994, to fill unexpired term ending Jan. 2, 1997.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Oregon table.
                                                                872  873
            872  873

                                                     OREGON
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35th............................  Delazon Smith.....  Feb. 14, 1859     Mar. 3, 1859      ......................
36th-38th.......................  Edward D. Baker\1\  Oct. 2, 1860      Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
37th............................  Benjamin Stark....  Oct. 29, 1861     Sept. 12, 1862    By gov., to fill vac.
37th-38th.......................  Benjamin F.         Sept. 12, 1862    Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
                                   Harding.
39th-41st.......................  George Henry        Mar. 4, 1865      Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
                                   Williams.
42d-44th........................  James K. Kelly....  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
45th-47th.......................  La Fayette Grover.  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1883      ......................
48th-53d........................  Joseph N. Dolph...  Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
54th-56th.......................  George W. McBride.  Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
57th-59th.......................  John H. Mitchell..  Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1907      Died Dec. 8, 1905.
59th............................  John M. Gearin....  Dec. 13, 1905     Jan. 23, 1907     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Frederick W.        Jan. 23, 1907     Mar. 3, 1907      ......................
                                   Mulkey.
60th-62d........................  Jonathan Bourne,    Mar. 4, 1907      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
                                   Jr.
63d-65th........................  Harry Lane........  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1919      Died May 23, 1917.
65th............................  Charles L. McNary.  May 29, 1917      Nov. 5, 1918      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Frederick W.        Nov. 6, 1918      Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
                                   Mulkey\2\.
  Do............................  Charles L. McNary.  Dec. 18, 1918         Do.               Do.
66th-80th.......................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1919      Jan. 2, 1949      Died Feb. 25, 1944.
78th............................  Guy Cordon........  Mar. 4, 1944      Nov. 7, 1944      By gov., to fill vac.
78th-83d........................  ......do..........  Nov. 8, 1944      Jan. 2, 1955      ......................
84th-86th.......................  Richard L.          Jan. 3, 1955      Jan. 2, 1961      Died Mar. 9, 1960.
                                   Neuberger.
86th............................  Hall S. Lusk......  Mar. 16, 1960     Nov. 8, 1960      By gov., to fill vac.
86th-89th.......................  Maurine B.          Nov. 9, 1960      Jan. 2, 1967      ......................
                                   Neuberger\3\.
90th-104th......................  Mark O.             Jan. 10, 1967     Jan. 2, 1997
                                   Hatfield\4\.
105th-107th.....................  Gordon H. Smith...  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35th-36th.......................  Joseph Lane.......  Feb. 14, 1859     Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
37th-39th.......................  James W. Nesmith..  Mar. 4, 1861      Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
40th-42d........................  Henry W. Corbett..  Mar. 4, 1867      Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
43d-45th........................  John H. Mitchell..  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-48th.......................  James H. Slater...  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1885      ......................
49th-54th.......................  John H.             Nov. 18, 1885     Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
                                   Mitchell\5\.
55th-57th.......................  Joseph Simon\6\...  Oct. 8, 1898      Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-60th.......................  Charles W. Fulton.  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
61st-66th.......................  George E.           Mar. 4, 1909      Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
                                   Chamberlain.
67th-69th.......................  Robert N.           Mar. 4, 1921      Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
                                   Stanfield.


                                                OREGON--Continued
                                                     Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
70th-75th.......................  Frederick Steiwer.  Mar. 4, 1927      Jan. 2, 1939      Res. Jan. 31, 1938.
75th............................  Alfred Evan Reames  Feb. 1, 1938      Nov. 8, 1938      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Alexander G. Barry  Nov. 9, 1938      Jan. 2, 1939      ......................
76th-78th.......................  Rufus C. Holman...  Jan. 3, 1939      Jan. 2, 1945      ......................
79th-90th.......................  Wayne L. Morse....  Jan. 3, 1945      Jan. 2, 1969      ......................
91st-104th......................  Robert W. Packwood  Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1999      Res. Oct. 1, 1995.
104th-108th.....................  Ron Wyden\7\......  Feb. 6, 1996      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1859, to Oct. 2, 1860. Killed in the battle of Balls Bluff, Va., Oct. 21, 1861.
\2\Resigned effective Dec. 17, 1918.
\3\Elected Nov. 8, 1960, to fill unexpired term (Nov. 9, 1960-Jan. 2, 1961) and to full term (Jan. 3, 1961-Jan.
  2, 1967).
\4\Waived compensation Jan. 3-9, 1967, to complete term as governor.
\5\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Nov. 18, 1885, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\6\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1897, to Oct. 7, 1898, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\7\Elected Jan. 30, 1996, to fill unexpired term.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Pennsylvania table.
                                                                874  875
            874  875

                                                  PENNSYLVANIA
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st.............................  William Maclay\1\.  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1791      ......................
2d-4th..........................  Albert Gallatin\2\  Feb. 28, 1793     Mar. 3, 1797      ......................
3d-7th..........................  James Ross........  Apr. 1, 1794      Mar. 3, 1803      ......................
8th-10th........................  Samuel Maclay.....  Mar. 4, 1803      Mar. 3, 1809      Res. Jan. 4, 1809.
10th-13th.......................  Michael Leib......  Jan. 9, 1809      Mar. 3, 1815      Res. Feb. 14, 1814.
13th-16th.......................  Jonathan            Feb. 24, 1814     Mar. 3, 1821      ......................
                                   Roberts\3\.
17th-19th.......................  William Findlay...  Dec. 10, 1821     Mar. 3, 1827      ......................
20th-22d........................  Isaac D. Barnard..  Mar. 4, 1827      Mar. 3, 1833      Res. Dec. 6, 1831.
22d.............................  George M.           Dec. 13, 1831         Do.           ......................
                                   Dallas\4\.
23d-25th........................  Samuel McKean\5\..  Dec. 7, 1833      Mar. 3, 1839      ......................
26th-31st.......................  Daniel Sturgeon...  Jan. 14, 1840     Mar. 3, 1851      ......................
32d-34th........................  Richard Brodhead..  Mar. 4, 1851      Mar. 3, 1857      ......................
35th-37th.......................  Simon Cameron.....  Mar. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1863      Res. Mar. 4, 1861.
37th............................  David Wilmot......  Mar. 14, 1861         Do.           ......................
38th-40th.......................  Charles R.          Mar. 4, 1863      Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
                                   Buckalew.
41st-43d........................  John Scott........  Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-46th.......................  William A. Wallace  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-49th.......................  John I. Mitchell..  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1887      ......................
50th-58th.......................  Matthew S. Quay\6\  Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
58th............................  Philander C. Knox.  June 10, 1904     Jan. 17, 1905     By gov., to fill vac.
59th-61st.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 18, 1905     Mar. 3, 1911      Res. Mar. 4, 1909.
61st-64th.......................  George T. Oliver..  Mar. 17, 1909     Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
65th-67th.......................  Philander C. Knox.  Mar. 4, 1917      Mar. 3, 1923      Died Oct. 12, 1921.
67th............................  William E. Crow\7\  Oct. 24, 1921         Do.           ......................
  Do............................  David A. Reed.....  Aug. 8, 1922      Nov. 7, 1922      By gov., to fill vac.
67th-73d........................  ......do..........  Nov. 8, 1922      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
74th-79th.......................  Joseph F. Guffey..  Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
80th-85th.......................  Edward Martin.....  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-94th.......................  Hugh Scott........  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
95th-102d.......................  H. John Heinz III.  Jan. 3, 1977      Jan. 2, 1995      Died Apr. 4, 1991.
102d-103d.......................  Harris Wofford \8\  May 9, 1991       Jan. 2, 1995      By gov. to fill vac.
104th-106th.....................  Rick Santorum.....  Jan. 3, 1995      Jan. 2, 2001

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-3d..........................  Robert Morris.....  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1795      ......................
4th-6th.........................  William Bingham...  Mar. 4, 1795      Mar. 3, 1801      ......................
7th-9th.........................  John Peter G.       Mar. 4, 1801      Mar. 3, 1807      Res. June 30, 1801.
                                   Muhlenberg.
7th.............................  George Logan......  July 13, 1801     Dec. 15, 1801     By gov., to fill vac.
7th-9th.........................  ......do..........  Dec. 16, 1801     Mar. 3, 1807      ......................
10th-12th.......................  Andrew Gregg......  Mar. 4, 1807      Mar. 3, 1813      ......................
13th-15th.......................  Abner Lacock......  Mar. 4, 1813      Mar. 3, 1819      ......................
16th-18th.......................  Walter Lowrie.....  Mar. 4, 1819      Mar. 3, 1825      ......................
19th-21st.......................  William Marks.....  Mar. 4, 1825      Mar. 3, 1831      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                             PENNSYLVANIA--Continued
                                                     Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22d-24th........................  William Wilkins...  Mar. 4, 1831      Mar. 3, 1837      Res. June 30, 1834.
23d-30th........................  James Buchanan....  Dec. 6, 1834      Mar. 3, 1849      Res. Mar. 5, 1845.
29th-30th.......................  Simon Cameron.....  Mar. 13, 1845         Do.           ......................
31st-33d........................  James Cooper\9\...  Mar. 4, 1849      Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
34th-36th.......................  William Bigler....  Jan. 14, 1856     Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
37th-39th.......................  Edgar Cowan.......  Mar. 4, 1861      Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
40th-45th.......................  Simon Cameron.....  Mar. 4, 1867      Mar. 3, 1879      Res. Mar. 3, 1877.
45th-54th.......................  James Donald        Mar. 20, 1877     Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
                                   Cameron.
55th-69th.......................  Boies Penrose.....  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1927      Died Dec. 31, 1921.
67th............................  George Wharton      Jan. 9, 1922      Nov. 6, 1922      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Pepper.
67th-69th.......................  ......do..........  Nov. 7, 1922      Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
70th-72d........................  William S.          Mar. 4, 1927      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
                                   Vare\10\.
71st............................  Joseph R. Grundy..  Dec. 11, 1929     Dec. 1, 1930          Do.
71st-78th.......................  James J. Davis....  Dec. 2, 1930      Jan. 2, 1945      ......................
79th-81st.......................  Francis J. Myers..  Jan. 3, 1945      Jan. 2, 1951      ......................
82d-84th........................  James H. Duff\11\.  Jan. 16, 1951     Jan. 2, 1957      ......................
85th-90th.......................  Joseph S. Clark...  Jan. 3, 1957      Jan. 2, 1969      ......................
91st-96th.......................  Richard S.          Jan. 3, 1969      Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
                                   Schweiker.
97th-108th......................  Arlen Specter.....  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1791, to Feb. 28, 1793, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\2\ Vacancy from Feb. 28 to Apr. 1, 1794. Senate resolution of Feb. 28, 1794, declared that Mr. Gallatin had not
  been a citizen the term of years required by law.
\3\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, to Dec. 10, 1821.
\4\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, to Dec. 7, 1833, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\5\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1839, to Jan. 13, 1840, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\6\ Appointed by governor Apr. 21, 1899, to fill vacancy. By Senate resolution of Apr. 24, 1900, was declared
  not entitled to seat but subsequently elected. Vacancy from Apr. 24, 1900, to Jan. 16, 1901. Died May 28,
  1904.
\7\ By governor, to fill vacancy. Died Aug. 2, 1922.
\8\By governor to fill vacancy until Nov. 5, 1991. Elected Nov. 5, 1991, to fill remainder of term ending Jan.
  2, 1995.
\9\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1855, to Jan. 14, 1856, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\10\ Credentials as Senator elect were presented and referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections for
  report; meanwhile Mr. Vare was not permitted to qualify and by S. Res. No. 111 of Dec. 6, 1929, was declared
  not entitled to a seat.
\11\ Oath administered on Jan. 16, 1951.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Rhode Island table.
                                                                876  877
            876  877

                                                  RHODE ISLAND
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-7th.........................  Theodore Foster...  June 7, 1790      Mar. 3, 1803      ......................
8th-10th........................  Samuel J. Potter..  Mar. 4, 1803      Mar. 3, 1809      Died Oct. 14, 1804.
  Do............................  Benjamin Howland..  Oct. 29, 1804         Do.           ......................
11th-13th.......................  Francis Malbone...  Mar. 4, 1809      Mar. 3, 1815      Died June 4, 1809.
  Do............................  Christopher G.      June 26, 1809         Do.           Res. Oct. 2, 1811.
                                   Champlin.
12th-16th.......................  William Hunter....  Oct. 28, 1811     Mar. 3, 1821      ......................
17th-19th.......................  James De Wolf.....  Mar. 4, 1821      Mar. 3, 1827      Res. Oct. 31, 1825.
19th-25th.......................  Asher Robbins.....  Oct. 31, 1825     Mar. 3, 1839      ......................
26th-28th.......................  Nathan F. Dixon     Mar. 4, 1839      Mar. 3, 1845      Died Jan. 29, 1842.
                                   1st.
27th-28th.......................  William Sprague...  Feb. 5, 1842          Do.           Res. Jan. 17, 1844.
28th............................  John B. Francis...  Jan. 25, 1844         Do.           ......................
29th-31st.......................  Albert C. Greene..  Mar. 4, 1845      Mar. 3, 1851      ......................
32d-34th........................  Charles T. James..  Mar. 4, 1851      Mar. 3, 1857      ......................
35th-37th.......................  James F. Simmons..  Mar. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1863      Res. Aug. 15, 1862.
37th............................  Samuel G. Arnold..  Sept. 5, 1862         Do.           ......................
38th-43d........................  William Sprague\1\  Mar. 4, 1863      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-49th.......................  Ambrose E.          Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1887      Died Sept. 13, 1881.
                                   Burnside.
47th-61st.......................  Nelson W. Aldrich.  Oct. 5, 1881      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-64th........................  Henry F. Lippitt..  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
65th-70th.......................  Peter G. Gerry....  Mar. 4, 1917      Mar. 3, 1929      ......................
71st-73d........................  Felix Hebert......  Mar. 4, 1929      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
74th-79th.......................  Peter G. Gerry....  Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
80th-82d........................  J. Howard McGrath.  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1953      Res. Aug. 23, 1949.
80th-81st.......................  Edward L. Leahy...  Aug. 24, 1949     Nov. 7, 1950      By gov., to fill vac.
81st-94th.......................  John O. Pastore\2\  Dec. 19, 1950     Jan. 2, 1977      Res. Dec. 28, 1976.
94th-106th......................  John H. Chafee\3\.  Dec. 29, 1976     Jan. 2, 2001      Died Oct. 24, 1999
106th...........................  Lincoln D.          Nov. 4, 1999      Jan. 2, 2001      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Chafee\7\.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                             RHODE ISLAND--Continued
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d..........................  Joseph Stanton, Jr  June 7, 1790      Mar. 3, 1793      ......................
3d-5th..........................  William Bradford..  Mar. 4, 1793      Mar. 3, 1799      Res. in Oct. 1797.
5th-8th.........................  Ray Greene........  Nov. 13, 1797     Mar. 3, 1805      Res. Mar. 5, 1801.
7th-8th.........................  Christopher Ellery  May 6, 1801           Do.           ......................
9th-11th........................  James Fenner......  Mar. 4, 1805      Mar. 3, 1811      Res. in Sept. 1807.
10th-11th.......................  Elisha Mathewson..  Oct. 26, 1807         Do.           ......................
12th-14th.......................  Jeremiah B. Howell  Mar. 4, 1811      Mar. 3, 1817      ......................
15th-17th.......................  James Burrill, Jr.  Mar. 4, 1817      Mar. 3, 1823      Died Dec. 25, 1820.
16th-26th.......................  Nehemiah R. Knight  Jan. 9, 1821      Mar. 3, 1841      ......................
27th-29th.......................  James F. Simmons..  Mar. 4, 1841      Mar. 3, 1847      ......................
30th-32d........................  John H. Clarke....  Mar. 4, 1847      Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
33d-35th........................  Philip Allen\4\...  July 20, 1853     Mar. 3, 1859      ......................
36th-50th.......................  Henry B. Anthony..  Mar. 4, 1859      Mar. 3, 1889      Died Sept. 2, 1884.
48th............................  William P.          Nov. 19, 1884     Jan. 20, 1885     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Sheffield.
48th-53d........................  Jonathan Chace....  Jan. 20, 1885     Mar. 3, 1895      Res. Apr. 9, 1889.
51st-53d........................  Nathan F. Dixon 3d  Apr. 10, 1889         Do.           ......................
54th-59th.......................  George Peabody      Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1907      ......................
                                   Wetmore.
60th-62d........................  George Peabody      Jan. 22, 1908     Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
                                   Wetmore\5\.
63d-68th........................  LeBaron B. Colt\6\  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1925      ......................
68th-74th.......................  Jesse H. Metcalf..  Nov. 5, 1924      Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
75th-86th.......................  Theodore Francis    Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1961      ......................
                                   Green.
87th-104th......................  Claiborne Pell....  Jan. 3, 1961      Jan. 2, 1997      ......................
105th-107th.....................  Jack Reed.........  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Nephew of William Sprague, above, who served Feb. 5, 1842-Jan. 17, 1844.
\2\ Elected Nov. 7, 1950, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1953.
\3\ By governor to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1977; died Oct. 24, 1999. Vacancy from Oct. 24, 1999 to
  Nov. 4, 1999. Lincoln Chafee appointed by governor to fill vacancy.
\4\ Elected May 4, 1853. Served as governor until July 20, 1853. Vacancy from Mar. 4 to July 20, 1853.
\5\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1907, to Jan. 21, 1908, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\6\Died Aug. 18, 1924. Vacancy from Aug. 19 to Nov. 4, 1924.
\7\By governor, to fill vacancy. Oath administered Nov. 4, 1999.


                See footnotes at end of 
            South Carolina table.
                                                                878  879
            878  879

                                                 SOUTH CAROLINA
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-5th.........................  Pierce Butler.....  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1799      Res. Oct. 25, 1796.
4th-5th.........................  John Hunter.......  Dec. 8, 1796          Do.           Res. Nov. 26, 1798.
5th-8th.........................  Charles Pinckney..  Dec. 6, 1798      Mar. 3, 1805      Res. in 1801.
7th-11th........................  Thomas Sumter.....  Dec. 15, 1801     Mar. 3, 1811      Res. Dec. 16, 1810.
11th-14th.......................  John Taylor.......  Dec. 31, 1810     Mar. 3, 1817      Res. in Nov. 1816.
14th-17th.......................  William Smith.....  Dec. 4, 1816      Mar. 3, 1823      ......................
18th-23d........................  Robert Young Hayne  Mar. 4, 1823      Mar. 3, 1835      Res. Dec. 13, 1832.
22d-29th........................  John C. Calhoun\1\  Dec. 29, 1832     Mar. 3, 1847      ......................
28th-29th.......................  Daniel Elliott      Mar. 4, 1843          Do.           ......................
                                   Huger\2\.
29th-32d........................  John C. Calhoun...  Nov. 26, 1845     Mar. 3, 1853      Died Mar. 31, 1850.
31st............................  Franklin H.         Apr. 11, 1850     Dec. 18, 1850     ......................
                                   Elmore\3\.
  Do............................  Robert W. Barnwell  June 4, 1850          Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
31st-32d........................  R. Barnwell Rhett.  Dec. 18, 1850     Mar. 3, 1853      Res. May 7, 1852.
32d.............................  William F. De       May 10, 1852      Nov. 28, 1852     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Saussure.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Nov. 29, 1852     Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
33d-35th........................  Josiah J. Evans...  Mar. 4, 1853      Mar. 3, 1859      Died May 6, 1858.
35th............................  Arthur P. Hayne...  May 11, 1858      Dec. 2, 1858      By gov., to fill vac.
35th-36th.......................  James Chesnut,      Dec. 3, 1858      Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
                                   Jr.\4\.
40th-44th.......................  Thomas J.           July 15, 1868     Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
                                   Robertson\5\.
45th-53d........................  Matthew C. Butler.  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
54th-65th.......................  Benjamin R.         Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1919      Died July 3, 1918.
                                   Tillman.
65th............................  Christie Benet....  July 6, 1918      Nov. 5, 1918      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  William P. Pollock  Nov. 6, 1918      Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
66th-68th.......................  Nathaniel B. Dial.  Mar. 4, 1919      Mar. 3, 1925      ......................
69th-71st.......................  Coleman L. Blease.  Mar. 4, 1925      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
72d-77th........................  James F. Byrnes...  Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1943      Res. July 8, 1941.
77th............................  Alva M. Lumpkin\6\  July 17, 1941     Aug. 1, 1941      ......................
  Do............................  Roger C. Peace....  Aug. 5, 1941      Nov. 4, 1941      By gov., to fill vac.
77th-83d........................  Burnet R.           Nov. 5, 1941      Jan. 2, 1955      Died Sept. 1, 1954.
                                   Maybank\7\.
83d.............................  Charles E.          Sept. 6, 1954     Dec. 23, 1954     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Daniel\8\.
83d-86th........................  Strom Thurmond\9\.  Dec. 24, 1954     Jan. 2, 1961      Res. Apr. 4, 1956.
84th............................  Thomas A. Wofford.  Apr. 5, 1956      Nov. 6, 1956      By gov., to fill vac.
85th-107th......................  Strom Thurmond\10\  Nov. 7, 1956      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-3d..........................  Ralph Izard.......  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1795      ......................
4th-6th.........................  Jacob Read........  Mar. 4, 1795      Mar. 3, 1801      ......................
7th-9th.........................  John Ewing Colhoun  Mar. 4, 1801      Mar. 3, 1807      Died Oct. 26, 1802.
  Do............................  Pierce Butler.....  Nov. 4, 1802          Do.           Res. Nov. 21, 1804.
8th-21st........................  John Gaillard.....  Dec. 6, 1804      Mar. 3, 1831      Died Feb. 26, 1826.
19th............................  William Harper....  Mar. 8, 1826      Nov. 29, 1826     By gov., to fill vac.
19th-21st.......................  William Smith.....  Nov. 29, 1826     Mar. 3, 1831      ......................
22d-24th........................  Stephen D. Miller.  Mar. 4, 1831      Mar. 3, 1837      Res. Mar. 2, 1833.
23d-27th........................  William C. Preston  Nov. 26, 1833     Mar. 3, 1843      Res. Nov. 29, 1842.
27th-30th.......................  George              Dec. 2, 1842      Mar. 3, 1849      ......................
                                   McDuffie\11\.
29th-36th.......................  Andrew P. Butler..  Dec. 4, 1846      Mar. 3, 1861      Died May 25, 1857.
35th-36th.......................  James H.            Dec. 7, 1857          Do.           ......................
                                   Hammond\12\.
40th-42d........................  Frederick A.        July 16, 1868     Mar. 3, 1873      ......................
                                   Sawyer\13\.
43d-45th........................  John J. Patterson.  Mar. 4, 1873      Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-51st.......................  Wade Hampton......  Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
52d-54th........................  John L. M. Irby...  Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-57th.......................  Joseph H. Earle...  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1903      Died May 20, 1897.
55th............................  John L. McLaurin..  May 27, 1897      Jan. 25, 1898     By gov., to fill vac.
55th-57th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 26, 1898     Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-60th.......................  Asbury C. Latimer.  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1909      Died Feb. 20, 1908.
60th............................  Frank B. Gary.....  Mar. 6, 1908          Do.           ......................
61st-78th.......................  Ellison D. Smith..  Mar. 4, 1909      Jan. 2, 1945      Died Nov. 17, 1944.
78th............................  Wilton E. Hall....  Nov. 20, 1944         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
79th-90th.......................  Olin D. Johnston..  Jan. 3, 1945      Jan. 2, 1969      Died Apr. 18, 1965.
89th-90th.......................  Donald Russell....  Apr. 22, 1965         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
89th-108th......................  Ernest F.           Nov. 9, 1966      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
                                   Hollings\14\.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Dec. 12, 1832. Took oath Jan. 4, 1833. Vice President during interim. Resigned Mar. 3, 1843.
\2\Resigned Mar. 3, 1845. Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Nov. 26, 1845.
\3\By governor, to fill vacancy. Died May 29, 1850.
\4\Retired from the Senate Nov. 10, 1860. Expelled July 11, 1861. Vacancy from Nov. 10, 1860, to July 15, 1868,
  because of Civil War.
\5\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865.
\6\By governor, to fill vacancy. Died Aug. 1, 1941.
\7\Elected Nov. 4, 1941, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1943.
\8\Resigned effective Dec. 23, 1954.
\9\Appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1955, having previously, on Nov. 2, 1954, been
  elected to full term ending Jan. 2, 1961.
\10\Elected Nov. 6, 1956, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1961.
\11\Resigned Aug. 17, 1846. Vacancy from Aug. 17 to Dec. 3, 1846.
\12\Retired from Senate Nov. 11, 1860. Vacancy from Nov. 11, 1860, to July 16, 1868, because of Civil War.
\13\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867.
\14\Elected Nov. 8, 1966, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1969.


                See footnotes at end of 
            South Dakota table.
                                                                880  881
            880  881

                                                  SOUTH DAKOTA
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-56th.......................  Richard F.          Nov. 2, 1889      Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
                                   Pettigrew.
57th-62d........................  Robert J. Gamble..  Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-68th........................  Thomas Sterling...  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1925      ......................
69th-71st.......................  William H.          Mar. 4, 1925      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
                                   McMaster.
72d-77th........................  William J. Bulow..  Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1943      ......................
78th-80th.......................  Harlan J.           Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1949      Died Sept. 27, 1948.
                                   Bushfield.
80th............................  Vera C.             Oct. 6, 1948      Dec. 26, 1948     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Bushfield\1\.
80th-92d........................  Karl E. Mundt\2\..  Dec. 31, 1948     Jan. 2, 1973      ......................
93d-95th........................  James Abourezk....  Jan. 3, 1973      Jan. 2, 1979      ......................
96th-104th......................  Larry Pressler....  Jan. 3, 1979      Jan. 2, 1997      ......................
105th-107th.....................  Tim Johnson.......  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st............................  Gideon C. Moody...  Nov. 2, 1889      Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
52d-57th........................  James H. Kyle.....  Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1903      Died July 1, 1901.
57th............................  Alfred B.           July 11, 1901     Jan. 20, 1903     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Kittredge.
57th-60th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 21, 1903     Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
61st-63d........................  Coe I. Crawford...  Mar. 4, 1909      Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
64th-66th.......................  Edwin S. Johnson..  Mar. 4, 1915      Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
67th-75th.......................  Peter Norbeck.....  Mar. 4, 1921      Jan. 2, 1939      Died Dec. 20, 1936.
74th-75th.......................  Herbert E.          Dec. 29, 1936     Nov. 8, 1938      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Hitchcock.
75th............................  Miss Gladys Pyle..  Nov. 9, 1938      Jan. 2, 1939      ......................
76th-81st.......................  J. Chandler Gurney  Jan. 3, 1939      Jan. 2, 1951      ......................
82d-87th........................  Francis Case......  Jan 3, 1951       Jan. 2, 1963      Died June 22, 1962.
87th............................  Joe H. Bottum.....  July 9, 1962          Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
88th-96th.......................  George McGovern...  Jan. 3, 1963      Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
97th-99th.......................  James Abdnor......  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 1987      ......................
100th-108th.....................  Thomas A. Daschle.  Jan. 3, 1987      Jan. 2, 2005
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Resigned Dec. 26, 1948.
\2\Appointed by governor Dec. 27, 1948, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1949. Oath administered Dec. 31,
  1948. Continued to serve as Member of House of Representatives during interim.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Tennessee table.
                                                                882  883
            882  883

                                                    TENNESSEE
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4th.............................  William Cocke.....  Aug. 2, 1796      Mar. 3, 1797      ......................
5th.............................  ......do\1\.......  Apr. 22, 1797     Sept. 26, 1797    ......................
5th-7th.........................  Andrew Jackson....  Sept. 26, 1797    Mar. 3, 1803      Res. in April 1798.
5th.............................  Daniel Smith......  Oct. 6, 1798      Dec. 12, 1798     By gov., to fill vac.
5th-10th........................  Joseph Anderson...  Dec. 12, 1798     Mar. 3, 1809      ......................
11th............................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1809      Apr. 10, 1809         Do.
11th-13th.......................  ......do..........  Apr. 11, 1809     Mar. 3, 1815      ......................
14th-16th.......................  George W.           Oct. 10, 1815     Mar. 3, 1821      ......................
                                   Campbell\2\.
15th-16th.......................  John H. Eaton.....  Sept. 5, 1818     Oct. 8, 1819      By gov., to fill vac.
16th-22d........................  ......do..........  Oct. 9, 1819      Mar. 3, 1833      Res. Mar. 9, 1829.
21st-25th.......................  Felix Grundy......  Oct. 19, 1829     Mar. 3, 1839      Res. July 4, 1838.
25th............................  Ephraim H.          Sept. 17, 1838        Do.           ......................
                                   Foster\3\.
26th-28th.......................  Felix Grundy......  Dec. 14, 1839     Mar. 3, 1845      Died Dec. 19, 1840.
26th-27th.......................  Alfred O. P.        Dec. 25, 1840     Oct. 16, 1843     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Nicholson.
28th............................  Ephraim H. Foster.  Oct. 17, 1843     Mar. 3, 1845      ......................
29th-31st.......................  Hopkins L. Turney.  Mar. 4, 1845      Mar. 3, 1851      ......................
32d-34th........................  James C. Jones\4\.  Mar. 4, 1851      Mar. 3, 1857      ......................
35th-37th.......................  Andrew Johnson\5\.  Oct. 8, 1857      Mar. 3, 1863      ......................
39th-40th.......................  David T.            May 4, 1865       Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
                                   Patterson\6\.
41st-43d........................  William G.          Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
                                   Brownlow.
44th-46th.......................  Andrew Johnson....  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      Died July 31, 1875.
44th............................  David M. Key......  Aug. 18, 1875     Jan. 19, 1877     By gov., to fill vac.
44th-46th.......................  James E. Bailey...  Jan. 19, 1877     Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-49th.......................  Howell E. Jackson.  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1887      Res. Apr. 14, 1886.
49th............................  Washington C.       Apr. 16, 1886         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Whitthorne.
50th-61st.......................  William B. Bate...  Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1911      Died Mar. 9, 1905.
59th-61st.......................  James B. Frazier..  Mar. 21, 1905         Do.           ......................
62d-64th........................  Luke Lea..........  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
65th-82d........................  Kenneth D.          Mar. 4, 1917      Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
                                   McKellar.
83d-91st........................  Albert Gore.......  Jan. 3, 1953      Jan. 2, 1971      ......................
92d-94th........................  William E. Brock    Jan. 3, 1971      Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
                                   III.
95th-103d.......................  James R. Sasser...  Jan. 3, 1977      Jan. 2, 1995      ......................
104th-106th.....................  Bill Frist........  Jan. 3, 1995      Jan. 2, 2001
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                              TENNESSEE--Continued
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4th-5th.........................  William Blount....  Aug. 2, 1796      Mar. 3, 1799      Exp. July 8, 1797.
5th.............................  Joseph Anderson...  Sept. 26, 1797        Do.           ......................
6th-8th.........................  William Cocke.....  Mar. 4, 1799      Mar. 3, 1805      ......................
9th-11th........................  Daniel Smith......  Mar. 4, 1805      Mar. 3, 1811      Res. Mar. 31, 1809.
11th-14th.......................  Jenkin Whiteside..  Apr. 11, 1809     Mar. 3, 1817      Res. Oct. 8, 1811.
12th-14th.......................  George W. Campbell  Oct. 8, 1811          Do.           Res. Feb. 11, 1814.
13th-14th.......................  Jesse Wharton.....  Mar. 17, 1814     Oct. 10, 1815     By gov., to fill vac.
14th............................  John Williams.....  Oct. 10, 1815     Mar. 3, 1817      ......................
15th............................  ......do\7\.......  Mar. 4, 1817      Oct. 1, 1817      ......................
15th-17th.......................  ......do..........  Oct. 2, 1817      Mar. 3, 1823      ......................
18th-20th.......................  Andrew Jackson....  Mar. 4, 1823      Mar. 3, 1829      Res. Oct. 14, 1825.
19th-23d........................  Hugh Lawson         Oct. 28, 1825     Mar. 3, 1835      ......................
                                   White\8\.
24th-26th.......................  ......do..........  Oct. 6, 1835      Mar. 3, 1841      Res. Jan. 13, 1840.
26th............................  Alexander           Jan. 27, 1840         Do.           ......................
                                   Anderson\9\.
28th-29th.......................  Spencer Jarnagin..  Oct. 17, 1843     Mar. 3, 1847      ......................
30th-32d........................  John Bell\10\.....  Nov. 22, 1847     Mar. 3, 1853      ......................
33d-35th........................  ......do..........  Oct. 29, 1853     Mar. 3, 1859      ......................
36th-38th.......................  Alfred O. P.        Mar. 4, 1859      Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
                                   Nicholson\11\.
39th-41st.......................  Joseph S. Fowler..  May 4, 1865       Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
42d-44th........................  Henry Cooper......  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
45th-56th.......................  Isham G. Harris...  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1901      Died July 8, 1897.
55th............................  Thomas B. Turley..  July 20, 1897     Feb. 1, 1898      By gov., to fill vac.
55th-56th.......................  ......do..........  Feb. 2, 1898      Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
57th-59th.......................  Edward W. Carmack.  Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1907      ......................
60th-62d........................  Robert L. Taylor..  Mar. 4, 1907      Mar. 3, 1913      Died Mar. 31, 1912.
62d.............................  Newell Sanders....  Apr. 8, 1912      Jan. 24, 1913     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  William R. Webb...  Jan. 24, 1913     Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-68th........................  John K. Shields...  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1925      ......................
69th-71st.......................  Lawrence D. Tyson.  Mar. 4, 1925      Mar. 3, 1931      Died Aug. 24, 1929.
71st............................  William E. Brock..  Sept. 2, 1929     Nov. 3, 1930      By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Nov. 4, 1930      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
72d-74th........................  Cordell Hull......  Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1937      Res. Mar. 3, 1933.
73d.............................  Nathan L. Bachman.  Mar. 4, 1933      Nov. 6, 1934      By gov., to fill vac.
73d-77th........................  ......do..........  Nov. 7, 1934      Jan. 2, 1943      Died Apr. 23, 1937.
75th............................  George L. Berry...  May 6, 1937       Nov. 8, 1938      By gov., to fill vac.
75th-80th.......................  Tom Stewart\12\...  Jan. 16, 1939     Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
81st-89st.......................  Estes Kefauver....  Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1967      Died Aug. 10, 1963.
88th............................  Herbert S. Walters  Aug. 20, 1963     Nov. 3, 1964      By gov., to fill vac.
88th-89th.......................  Ross Bass.........  Nov. 4, 1964      Jan. 2, 1967      ......................
90th-98th.......................  Howard H. Baker,    Jan. 3, 1967      Jan. 2, 1985      ......................
                                   Jr.
99th-104th......................  Albert Gore,        Jan. 3, 1985      Jan. 2, 1997      Res. Jan. 1, 1993.
                                   Jr\13\.
103d............................  Harlan Mathews\14\  Jan. 2, 1993      Nov. 8, 1994      By gov., to fill vac.
103d-107th......................  Fred Thompson\15\.  Dec. 2, 1994      Jan. 2, 2003
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\By governor, to fill vacancy by reason of no election.
\2\Resigned to take office ``at close of session'', Apr. 20, 1818. Vacancy from Mar. 1 to Oct. 10, 1815.
\3\By governor, to fill vacancy; subsequently elected for term beginning Mar. 4, 1839; resigned Mar. 3, 1839.
  Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Dec. 14, 1939.
\4\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Oct. 7, 1857.
\5\Resigned Mar. 4, 1862, military governor of Tennessee. Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1862, to May 4, 1865, because of
  Civil War.
\6\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1863.
\7\By governor, during recess of legislature.
\8\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Oct. 5, 1835.
\9\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1841, to Oct. 16, 1843.
\10\Vacancy from Mar. 4, to Oct. 28, 1853.
\11\Retired Mar. 3, 1861. Expelled July 11, 1861. Vacancy from Mar. 3, 1861, to May 4, 1865, because of Civil
  War.
\12\Elected Nov. 8, 1938. Took oath Jan. 16, 1939. Vacancy from Nov. 9, 1938, to Jan. 15, 1939.
\13\Resigned Jan. 1, 1993, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 52d term.
\14\By gov. to fill vacancy until Election Day 1994.
\15\Elected Nov. 8, 1994 to fill unexpired term ending Jan. 2, 1997.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Texas table.
                                                                884  885
            884  885

                                                      TEXAS
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29th-37th.......................  Thomas J. Rusk....  Feb. 21, 1846     Mar. 3, 1863      Died July 29, 1857.
35th-37th.......................  J. Pinckney         Nov. 9, 1857          Do.           Died June 4, 1858.
                                   Henderson.
35th-36th.......................  Matthias Ward.....  Sept. 27, 1858    Dec. 5, 1859      By gov., to fill vac.
36th-37th.......................  Louis T.            Dec. 5, 1859      Mar. 3, 1863      ......................
                                   Wigfall\1\.
41st-43d........................  J. W. Flanagan\2\.  Feb. 22, 1870     Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-49th.......................  Samuel B. Maxey...  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1887      ......................
50th-52d........................  John H. Reagan....  Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1893      Res. June 10, 1891.
52d.............................  Horace Chilton....  June 10, 1891     Mar. 22, 1892     By gov., to fill vac.
52d-55th........................  Roger Q. Mills....  Mar. 23, 1892     Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
56th-67th.......................  Charles A.          Mar. 4, 1899      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
                                   Culberson.
68th-70th.......................  Earle B. Mayfield.  Mar. 4, 1923      Mar. 3, 1929      ......................
71st-82d........................  Tom Connally......  Mar. 4, 1929      Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
83d-85th........................  Price Daniel......  Jan. 3, 1953      Jan. 2, 1959      Res. Jan. 14, 1957.
85th............................  Wm. A. Blakley....  Jan. 15, 1957     Apr. 28, 1957     By gov., to fill vac.
85th-91st.......................  Ralph               Apr. 29, 1957     Jan. 2, 1971      ......................
                                   Yarborough\3\.
92d-102d........................  Lloyd M. Bentsen,   Jan. 3, 1971      Jan. 2, 1995      Res. Jan. 20, 1993.
                                   Jr.
102d............................  Bob Krueger.......  Jan. 21, 1993     June 13, 1993     By gov., to fill vac.
102d-106th......................  Kay Bailey          June 14, 1993     Jan. 2, 2001      ......................
                                   Hutchison\4\.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29th-35th.......................  Sam Houston.......  Feb. 21, 1846     Mar. 3, 1859      ......................
36th-38th.......................  John Hemphill\5\..  Mar. 4, 1859      Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
41st-44th.......................  Morgan C.           Feb. 22, 1870     Mar. 3, 1877      ......................
                                   Hamilton\6\.
45th-53d........................  Richard Coke......  Mar. 4, 1877      Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
54th-56th.......................  Horace Chilton....  Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1901      ......................
57th-62d........................  Joseph W. Bailey..  Mar. 4, 1901      Mar. 3, 1913      Res. Jan. 3, 1913.
62d.............................  Rienzi M. Johnston  Jan. 4, 1913      Jan. 29, 1913     By gov., to fill vac.
62d-77th........................  Morris Sheppard...  Jan. 29, 1913     Jan. 2, 1943      Died Apr. 9, 1941.
77th............................  Andrew Jackson      Apr. 21, 1941     June 26, 1941     ......................
                                   Houston\7\.
77th-80th.......................  W. Lee O'Daniel\8\  Aug. 4, 1941      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
81st-87th.......................  Lyndon B.           Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 3, 1961      ......................
                                   Johnson\9\.
87th............................  Wm. A. Blakley\10\  Jan. 3, 1961      June 14, 1961     By gov., to fill vac.
87th-98th.......................  John G. Tower\11\.  June 15, 1961     Jan. 2, 1985
99th-107th......................  Phil Gramm........  Jan. 3, 1985      Jan. 2, 2003      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Expelled July 11, 1861. Vacancy from July 11, 1861, to Feb. 22, 1870, because of Civil War.
\2\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1869.
\3\Elected Apr. 2, 1957, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1959. Took oath Apr. 29, 1957.
\4\Elected June 4, 1993 to fill unexpired term.
\5\Expelled July 11, 1861. Vacancy from July 11, 1861, to Feb. 22, 1870, because of Civil War.
\6\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865.
\7\By governor, to fill vacancy. Died June 26, 1941.
\8\Elected June 28, 1941. Took oath Aug. 4, 1941, Governor during interim.
\9\Elected Nov. 8, 1960, to full term Jan. 3, 1961, to Jan 2, 1967, but resigned Jan. 3, 1961, immediately after
  taking oath of office, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 44th term on Nov. 8,
  1960.
\10\Defeated in special election held May 27, 1961.
\11\Elected May 27, 1961, to serve unexpired term. See S. Jour. 547, 87-1, July 17, 1961.


                See footnotes at end of Utah 
            table.
                                                                886  887
            886  887

                                                      UTAH
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54th-55th.......................  Frank J. Cannon...  Jan. 22, 1896     Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
56th-58th.......................  Thomas Kearns\1\..  Jan. 23, 1901     Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
59th-65th.......................  George Sutherland.  Mar. 4, 1905      Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
65th-76th.......................  William H. King...  Mar. 4, 1917      Jan. 2, 1941      ......................
77th-79th.......................  Abe Murdock.......  Jan. 3, 1941      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
80th-85th.......................  Arthur V. Watkins.  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-94th.......................  Frank E. Moss.....  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
95th-106th......................  Orrin G. Hatch....  Jan. 3, 1977      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54th............................  Arthur Brown......  Jan. 22, 1896     Mar. 3, 1897      ......................


                                                UTAH--Countinued
                                                     Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
55th-57th.......................  Joseph L. Rawlins.  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-72d........................  Reed Smoot........  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
73d-81st........................  Elbert D. Thomas..  Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1951      ......................
82d-93d.........................  Wallace F. Bennett  Jan. 3, 1951      Jan. 2, 1975      Res. Dec. 20, 1974.
93d-102d........................  E. J. ``Jake''      Dec. 21, 1974     Jan. 2, 1993      ......................
                                   Garn\2\.
103d-108th......................  Robert F. Bennett.  Jan. 3, 1993      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1899, to Jan. 22, 1901, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\2\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1975.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Vermont table.
                                                                888  889
            888  889

                                                     VERMONT
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2d-4th..........................  Moses Robinson....  Oct. 17, 1791     Mar. 3, 1797      Res. Oct. 15, 1796.
4th-7th.........................  Isaac Tichenor....  Oct. 18, 1796     Mar. 3, 1803      Res. Oct. 17, 1797.
5th-7th.........................  Nathaniel Chipman.  Oct. 17, 1797         Do.           ......................
8th-10th........................  Israel Smith......  Mar. 4, 1803      Mar. 3, 1809      Res. Oct. 1, 1807.
10th-13th.......................  Jonathan Robinson.  Oct. 10, 1807     Mar. 3, 1815      ......................
14th-16th.......................  Issac Tichenor....  Mar. 4, 1815      Mar. 3, 1821      ......................
17th-22d........................  Horatio Seymour...  Mar. 4, 1821      Mar. 3, 1833      ......................
23d-25th........................  Benjamin Swift....  Mar. 4, 1833      Mar. 3, 1839      ......................
26th-31st.......................  Samuel S. Phelps..  Mar. 4, 1839      Mar. 3, 1851      ......................
32d-40th........................  Solomon Foot......  Mar. 4, 1851      Mar. 3, 1869      Died Mar. 28, 1866.
39th............................  George F. Edmunds.  Apr. 3, 1866      Oct. 23, 1866     By gov., to fill vac.
39th-52d........................  ......do..........  Oct. 24, 1866     Mar. 3, 1893      Res. Nov. 1, 1891.
52d.............................  Redfield Proctor..  Nov. 2, 1891      Oct. 18, 1892     By gov., to fill vac.
52d-61st........................  ......do..........  Oct. 19, 1892     Mar. 3, 1911      Died Mar. 4, 1908.
60th............................  John W. Stewart...  Mar. 24, 1908     Oct. 20, 1908     By gov., to fill vac.
60th-67th.......................  Carroll S. Page...  Oct. 21, 1908     Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
68th-73d........................  Frank L. Greene...  Mar. 4, 1923      Mar. 3, 1935      Died Dec. 17, 1930.
71st-72d........................  Frank C. Partridge  Dec. 23, 1930     Mar. 31, 1931     By gov., to fill vac.
72d-79th........................  Warren R. Austin..  Apr. 1, 1931      Jan. 2, 1947      Res. Aug. 2, 1946.
79th............................  Ralph E. Flanders.  Nov. 1, 1946          Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
80th-85th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-94th.......................  Winston L. Prouty.  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1977      Died Sept. 10, 1971.
91st-100th......................  Robert T.           Sept. 16, 1971    Jan. 2, 1989      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Stafford\1\.
101st-106th.....................  James M. Jeffords.  Jan. 3, 1989      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2d-3d...........................  Stephen R. Bradley  Oct. 17, 1791     Mar. 3, 1795      ......................
4th-6th.........................  Elijah Paine......  Mar. 4, 1795      Mar. 3, 1801      Res. Sept. 1, 1801.
7th-12th........................  Stephen R. Bradley  Oct. 15, 1801     Mar. 3, 1813      ......................
13th-15th.......................  Dudley Chase......  Mar. 4, 1813      Mar. 3, 1819      Res. Nov. 3, 1817.
15th............................  James Fisk........  Nov. 4, 1817          Do.           Res. Jan. 8, 1818.
15th-18th.......................  William A. Palmer.  Oct. 20, 1818     Mar. 3, 1825      ......................
19th-21st.......................  Dudley Chase......  Mar. 4, 1825      Mar. 3, 1831      ......................
22d-27th........................  Samuel Prentiss...  Mar. 4, 1831      Mar. 3, 1843      Res. Apr. 11, 1842.
27th............................  Samuel C. Crafts..  Apr. 23, 1842     Oct. 25, 1842     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Oct. 26, 1842     Mar. 3, 1843      ......................
28th-33d........................  William Upham.....  Mar. 4, 1843      Mar. 3, 1855      Died Jan. 14, 1853.
32d-33d.........................  Samuel S.           Jan. 17, 1853     Mar. 16, 1854     ......................
                                   Phelps\2\.
33d.............................  Lawrence Brainerd.  Oct. 14, 1854     Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
34th-39th.......................  Jacob Collamer....  Mar. 4, 1855      Mar. 3, 1867      Died Nov. 9, 1865.
39th............................  Luke P. Poland....  Nov. 21, 1865     Oct. 23, 1866     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  ......do..........  Oct. 24, 1866     Mar. 3, 1867      ......................
40th-57th.......................  Justin S. Morrill.  Mar. 4, 1867      Mar. 3, 1903      Died Dec. 28, 1898.
55th-56th.......................  Jonathan Ross.....  Jan. 11, 1899     Oct. 17, 1900     By gov., to fill vac.
56th-69th.......................  William P.          Oct. 18, 1900     Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
                                   Dillingham\3\.
68th-75th.......................  Porter H. Dale\4\.  Nov. 6, 1923      Jan. 2, 1939      ......................
73d.............................  Ernest W. Gibson..  Nov. 21, 1933     Jan. 16, 1934         Do.
73d-78th........................  ......do..........  Jan. 17, 1934     Jan. 2, 1945      Died June 20, 1940.
76th............................  Ernest W. Gibson,   June 24, 1940     Jan. 2, 1941      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Jr.
77th-93d........................  George D. Aiken\5\  Jan. 10, 1941     Jan. 2, 1975      ......................


                                               VERMONT--Continued
                                                     Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
94th-108th......................  Patrick J. Leahy..  Jan. 3, 1975      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Jan. 7, 1972, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1977.
\2\By governor, to fill vacancy. By resolution of Senate, Mar. 16, 1854, declared not entitled to retain his
  seat. Vacancy from Mar. 16 to Oct. 13, 1854.
\3\Died July 12, 1923. Vacancy from July 13 to Nov. 5, 1923.
\4\Died Oct. 6, 1933. Vacancy from Oct. 7 to Nov. 20, 1933.
\5\Elected Nov. 5, 1940, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1945. Took oath Jan. 10, 1941. Governor during
  interim.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Virginia table.
                                                                890  891
            890  891

                                                    VIRGINIA
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st.............................  William Grayson...  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1791      Died Mar. 12, 1790.
  Do............................  John Walker.......  Mar. 31, 1790     Nov. 9, 1790      By gov., to fill vac.
1st-4th.........................  James Monroe......  Nov. 9, 1790      Mar. 3, 1797      Res. May 27, 1794.
3d-10th.........................  Stevens T. Mason..  Nov. 18, 1794     Mar. 3, 1809      Died May 10, 1803.
8th.............................  John Taylor.......  June 4, 1803      Dec. 7, 1803      By gov., to fill vac.
8th-10th........................  Abraham B. Venable  Dec. 7, 1803      Mar. 3, 1809      Res. June 7, 1804.
8th.............................  William B. Giles..  Aug. 11, 1804     Dec. 4, 1804      By gov., to fill vac.
8th-10th........................  Andrew Moore......  Dec. 4, 1804      Mar. 3, 1809      ......................
11th-13th.......................  Richard Brent.....  Mar. 4, 1809      Mar. 3, 1815      Died Dec. 30, 1814.
13th-19th.......................  James C. Barbour..  Jan. 2, 1815      Mar. 3, 1827      Res. Mar. 27, 1825.
19th............................  John Randolph.....  Dec. 9, 1825          Do.           ......................
20th-25th.......................  John Tyler........  Mar. 4, 1827      Mar. 3, 1839      Res. Feb. 29, 1836.
24th-25th.......................  William C.          Mar. 4, 1836          Do.           ......................
                                   Rives\1\.
26th-28th.......................  ......do..........  Jan. 18, 1841     Mar. 3, 1845      ......................
29th-31st.......................  Isaac S.            Dec. 3, 1845      Mar. 3, 1851      Died Jan. 12, 1847.
                                   Pennybacker.
29th-37th.......................  James M. Mason\2\.  Jan. 21, 1847     Mar. 3, 1863      ......................
37th............................  Waitman T.          July 9, 1861          Do.           ......................
                                   Willey\3\.
38th-40th.......................  Lemuel J.           Mar. 4, 1863      Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
                                   Bowden\4\.
41st-43d........................  John F. Lewis\5\..  Oct. 20, 1869     Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-46th.......................  Robert E. Withers.  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-49th.......................  William Mahone....  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1887      ......................
50th-64th.......................  John W. Daniel....  Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1917      Died June 29, 1910.
61st............................  Claude A. Swanson.  Aug. 1, 1910      Mar. 3, 1911      By gov., to fill vac.
62d.............................  ......do..........  Mar. 4, 1911      Jan. 23, 1912         Do.
62d-73d.........................  ......do\6\.......  Jan. 24, 1912     Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
73d-91st........................  Harry Flood         Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1971      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Byrd\7\.
89th-97th.......................  Harry Flood Byrd,   Nov. 12, 1965     Jan. 2, 1983          Do.
                                   Jr.\8\.
98th-100th......................  Paul S. Trible,     Jan. 3, 1983      Jan. 2, 1989
                                   Jr..
101st-106th.....................  Charles S. Robb...  Jan. 3, 1989      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d..........................  Richard Henry Lee.  Mar. 4, 1789      Mar. 3, 1793      Res. Oct. 8, 1792.
2d-5th..........................  John Taylor.......  Oct. 18, 1792     Mar. 3, 1799      Res. May 11, 1794.
3d-5th..........................  Henry Tazewell....  Nov. 18, 1794         Do.           Died Jan. 24, 1799.
6th-8th.........................  Wilson C. Nicholas  Dec. 5, 1799      Mar. 3, 1805      Res. May 22, 1804.
8th.............................  Andrew Moore......  Aug. 11, 1804     Dec. 4, 1804      By gov., to fill vac.
8th-14th........................  William B. Giles..  Dec. 4, 1804      Mar. 3, 1817      Res. Mar. 3, 1815.
14th............................  Armistead T. Mason  Jan. 3, 1816          Do.           ......................
15th-17th.......................  John W. Eppes.....  Mar. 4, 1817      Mar. 3, 1823      Res. Dec. 4, 1819.
16th-17th.......................  James Pleasants...  Dec. 10, 1819         Do.           Res. Dec. 15, 1822.
17th-20th.......................  John Taylor.......  Dec. 18, 1822     Mar. 3, 1829      Died Aug. 20, 1824.
18th-23d........................  Littleton W.        Dec. 7, 1824      Mar. 3, 1835      Res. July 16, 1832.
                                   Tazewell.
22d-23d.........................  William C. Rives..  Dec. 10, 1832         Do.           Res. Feb. 22, 1834.
23d-26th........................  Benjamin W. Leigh.  Feb. 26, 1834     Mar. 3, 1841      Res. July 4, 1836.
24th-26th.......................  Richard E. Parker.  Dec. 12, 1836         Do.           Res. Mar. 13, 1837.
25th-26th.......................  William H. Roane..  Mar. 14, 1837         Do.           ......................
27th-29th.......................  William S. Archer.  Mar. 4, 1841      Mar. 3, 1847      ......................
30th-38th.......................  Robert M. T.        Mar. 4, 1847      Mar. 3, 1865      ......................
                                   Hunter \9\.
37th-38th.......................  John S. Carlile     July 9, 1861          Do.           ......................
                                   \10\.
41st............................  John W. Johnston    Oct. 20, 1869     Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
                                   \11\.
42d-47th........................  ......do..........  Mar. 15, 1871     Mar. 3, 1883      ......................
48th-50th.......................  Harrison H.         Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1889      ......................
                                   Riddleberger.


                                               VIRGINIA--Continued
                                                     Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-53d........................  John S. Barbour,    Mar. 4, 1889      Mar. 3, 1895      Died May 14, 1892.
                                   Jr.
52d-53d.........................  Eppa Hunton.......  May 28, 1892      Dec. 19, 1893     By gov., to fill vac.
53d.............................  ......do..........  Dec. 20, 1893     Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
54th-66th.......................  Thomas S. Martin    Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1925      ......................
                                   \12\.
66th............................  Carter Glass \13\.  Nov. 18, 1919     Nov. 2, 1920      ......................
66th-80th.......................  ......do..........  Nov. 3, 1920      Jan. 2, 1949      Died May 28, 1946.
79th............................  Thomas G. Burch...  May 31, 1946      Nov. 5, 1946      By gov., to fill vac.
79th-89th.......................  A. Willis           Nov. 6, 1946      Jan. 2, 1967      Res. Dec. 30, 1966.
                                   Robertson \14\.
89th-92d........................  William B. Spong,   Dec. 31, 1966     Jan. 2, 1973      ......................
                                   Jr \15\.
93d-95th........................  William L. Scott..  Jan. 3, 1973      Jan. 2, 1979      Res. Jan. 1, 1979.
96th-107th......................  John W. Warner....  Jan. 2, 1979      Jan. 2, 2003      By gov., to fill vac.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy in this class from Mar. 4, 1839, to Jan. 17, 1841.
\2\Retired from Senate Mar. 28, 1861. Expelled July 11, 1861. Vacancy from Mar. 28 to July 8, 1861, because of
  Civil War.
\3\By legislature, to fill vacancy.
\4\Died Jan. 2, 1864. Vacancy from Jan. 2, 1864, to Oct. 20, 1869, because of Civil War.
\5\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1869.
\6\Resigned, effective Mar. 3, 1933.
\7\Elected Nov. 7, 1933, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1935. Resigned Nov. 10, 1965.
\8\Elected Nov. 8, 1966, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1971.
\9\ Retired from Senate Mar. 28, 1861. Expelled July 11, 1861. Vacancy from Mar. 28 to July 8, 1861, because of
  Civil War.
\10\ By legislature to fill vacancy. Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1865, to Oct. 20, 1869, because of Civil War.
\11\ By legislature to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865.
\12\ Died Nov. 12, 1919. Vacancy from Nov. 12, 1919, to Feb. 21 1920.
\13\ Appointed by governor. Took oath Feb. 2, 1920; Secretary of Treasury during interim.
\14\ Elected Nov. 5, 1946, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1949.
\15\ By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1967.


                Footnotes continued on next 
            page.
                                                                892  893
            892  893

                                                   WASHINGTON
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-52d........................  John B. Allen.....  Nov. 20, 1889     Mar. 3, 1893      ......................
53d-55th........................  John L. Wilson \1\  Feb. 1, 1895      Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
56th-58th.......................  Addison G. Foster.  Mar. 4, 1899      Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
59th-61st.......................  Samuel H. Piles...  Mar. 4, 1905      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-67th........................  Miles Poindexter..  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
68th-73d........................  Clarence C. Dill..  Mar. 4, 1923      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
74th-76th.......................  Lewis B.            Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1941      Res. Dec. 16, 1940.
                                   Schwellenbach.
76th............................  Mon C. Wallgren...  Dec. 19, 1940         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
77th-79th.......................  ......do.\2\......  Jan. 3, 1941      Jan. 2, 1947      ......................
79th............................  Hugh B. Mitchell    Jan. 10, 1945         Do.           ......................
                                   \3\.
  Do............................  Harry P. Cain.....  Dec. 26, 1946         Do.               Do.
80th-82d........................  ......do..........  Jan. 2, 1947      Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
83d-98th........................  Henry M. Jackson..  Jan. 3, 1953      Jan. 2, 1989      Died Sept. 1, 1983
98th-100th......................  Daniel J. Evans\4\  Sept. 12, 1983    Jan. 2, 1989      ......................
101st-106th.....................  Slade Gorton......  Jan. 3, 1989      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-54th.......................  Watson C. Squire..  Nov. 20, 1889     Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-57th.......................  George Turner.....  Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1903      ......................
58th-60th.......................  Levi Ankeny.......  Mar. 4, 1903      Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
61st-72d........................  Wesley L. Jones...  Mar. 4, 1909      Mar. 3, 1933      Died Nov. 19, 1932.
72d.............................  Elijah S. Grammer.  Nov. 22, 1932         Do.           By gov., to fill vac.
73d-78th........................  Homer T. Bone.....  Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1945      Res. Nov. 13, 1944.
78th-96th.......................  Warren G. Magnuson  Dec. 14, 1944     Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
                                   \5\.
97th-99th.......................  Slade Gorton......  Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 1987      ......................
100th-102d......................  Brock Adams.......  Jan 3, 1987       Jan. 2, 1993
103d-108th......................  Patty Murray......  Jan. 3, 1993      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1893, to Feb. 1, 1895, because of failure of legislature to elect. John B. Allen was
  appointed by governor Mar. 10, 1893, to fill vacancy, but by Senate resolution of Aug. 28, 1893, was declared
  not entitled to a seat.
\2\ Resigned to become governor. Jan. 10, 1945.
\3\ By governor, to fill vacancy. Resigned Dec. 25, 1946.
\4\ Appointed by governor Sept. 8, 1983, to fill vacancy until special election; held Nov. 8, 1983, elected to
  fill unexpired term ending Jan. 2, 1989.
\5\ By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1945.


                See footnotes at end of West 
            Virginia table.
                                                                894  895
            894  895

                                                  WEST VIRGINIA
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38th-40th.......................  Peter G. Van        Aug. 4, 1863      Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
                                   Winkle.
41st-43d........................  Arthur I. Boreman.  Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
44th-46th.......................  Allen T. Caperton.  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      Died July 26, 1876.
44th............................  Samuel Price......  Aug. 26, 1876     Jan. 26, 1877     By gov., to fill vac.
44th-46th.......................  Frank Hereford....  Jan. 26, 1877     Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-49th.......................  Johnson N. Camden.  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1887      ......................
50th-55th.......................  Charles J.          Mar. 4, 1887      Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
                                   Faulkner.
56th-61st.......................  Nathan B. Scott...  Mar. 4, 1899      Mar. 3, 1911      ......................
62d-64th........................  William E. Chilton  Mar. 4, 1911      Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
65th-67th.......................  Howard Sutherland.  Mar. 4, 1917      Mar. 3, 1923      ......................
68th-70th.......................  Matthew M. Neely..  Mar. 4, 1923      Mar. 3, 1929      ......................
71st-73d........................  Henry D. Hatfield.  Mar. 4, 1929      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
74th-76th.......................  Rush D. Holt \1\..  Jan. 3, 1935      Jan. 2, 1941      ......................
77th-85th.......................  Harley M. Kilgore.  Jan. 3, 1941      Jan. 2, 1959      Died Feb. 28, 1956.
84th............................  William R. Laird    Mar. 13, 1956     Nov. 6, 1956      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   III.
85th............................  Chapman Revercomb   Nov. 7, 1956      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
                                   \2\.
86th-106th......................  Robert C. Byrd....  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38th-41st.......................  Waitman T. Willey.  Aug. 4, 1863      Mar. 3, 1871      ......................
42d-47th........................  Henry G. Davis....  Mar. 4, 1871      Mar. 3, 1883      ......................
48th-53d........................  John E. Kenna.....  Mar. 4, 1883      Mar. 3, 1895      Died Jan 11, 1893.
52d-53d.........................  Johnson N. Camden.  Jan. 25, 1893         Do.           ......................
54th-62d........................  Stephen B. Elkins.  Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1913      Died Jan. 4, 1911.
61st............................  Davis Elkins......  Jan. 9, 1911      Jan. 31, 1911     By gov., to fill vac.
61st-62d........................  Clarence W. Watson  Feb. 1, 1911      Mar. 3, 1913      ......................
63d-65th........................  Nathan Goff.......  Mar. 4, 1913      Mar. 3, 1919      ......................
66th-68th.......................  Davis Elkins......  Mar. 4, 1919      Mar. 3, 1925      ......................
69th-71st.......................  Guy D. Goff.......  Mar. 4, 1925      Mar. 3, 1931      ......................
72d-77th........................  Matthew M. Neely..  Mar. 4, 1931      Jan. 2, 1943      Res. Jan. 12, 1941.
77th............................  Joseph Rosier.....  Jan. 13, 1941     Nov. 17, 1942     By gov., to fill vac.
  Do............................  Hugh Ike Shott....  Nov. 18, 1942     Jan. 2, 1943      ......................
78th-80th.......................  Chapman Revercomb.  Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
81st-86th.......................  Matthew M. Neely..  Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1961      Died Jan. 18, 1958.
85th............................  John D.             Jan. 25, 1958     Nov. 4, 1958      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Hoblitzell, Jr.
85th-98th.......................  Jennings Randolph   Nov. 5, 1958      Jan. 2, 1985      ......................
                                   \3\.
99th-107th......................  John D.             Jan. 15, 1985     Jan. 2, 2003      ......................
                                   Rockefeller IV.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Elected Nov. 6, 1934, but not having reached the age required by the Constitution, did not take his seat
  until June 21, 1935.
\2\ Elected Nov. 6, 1956, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1959.
\3\ Elected Nov. 4, 1958, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1961.


                See footnotes at end of 
            Wisconsin table.
                                                                896  897
            896  897

                                                    WISCONSIN
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30th-34th.......................  Henry Dodge.......  June 8, 1848      Mar. 3, 1857      ......................
35th-40th.......................  James R. Doolittle  Mar. 4, 1857      Mar. 3, 1869      ......................
41st-43d........................  Matthew H.          Mar. 4, 1869      Mar. 3, 1875      ......................
                                   Carpenter.
44th-46th.......................  Angus Cameron.....  Mar. 4, 1875      Mar. 3, 1881      ......................
47th-52d........................  Philetus Sawyer...  Mar. 4, 1881      Mar. 3, 1893      ......................
53d-55th........................  John L. Mitchell..  Mar. 4, 1893      Mar. 3, 1899      ......................
56th-58th.......................  Joseph V. Quarles.  Mar. 4, 1899      Mar. 3, 1905      ......................
59th-69th.......................  Robert M. La        Mar. 4, 1905      Mar. 3, 1929      ......................
                                   Follette\1\.
69th-79th.......................  Robert M. La        Sept. 30, 1925    Jan. 2, 1947      Elec. Sept. 29, 1925.
                                   Follette, Jr.
80th-85th.......................  Joseph R. McCarthy  Jan. 3, 1947      Jan. 2, 1959      Died May 2, 1957.
85th-100th......................  William             Aug. 28, 1957     Jan. 2, 1989      ......................
                                   Proxmire\2\.
101st-106th.....................  Herbert Kohl......  Jan. 3, 1989      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                              WISCONSIN--Continued
                                                     Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30th-33d........................  Isaac P. Walker...  June 8, 1848      Mar. 3, 1855      ......................
34th-36th.......................  Charles Durkee....  Mar. 4, 1855      Mar. 3, 1861      ......................
37th-45th.......................  Timothy O. Howe...  Mar. 4, 1861      Mar. 3, 1879      ......................
46th-48th.......................  Matthew H.          Mar. 4, 1879      Mar. 3, 1885      Died Feb. 24, 1881.
                                   Carpenter.
47th-48th.......................  Angus Cameron.....  Mar. 10, 1881         Do.           ......................
49th-51st.......................  John Coit Spooner.  Mar. 4, 1885      Mar. 3, 1891      ......................
52d-54th........................  William F. Vilas..  Mar. 4, 1891      Mar. 3, 1897      ......................
55th-60th.......................  John Coit           Mar. 4, 1897      Mar. 3, 1909      ......................
                                   Spooner\3\.
60th-63d........................  Isaac               May 17, 1907      Mar. 3, 1915      ......................
                                   Stephenson\4\.
64th-66th.......................  Paul O. Husting\5\  Mar. 4, 1915      Mar. 3, 1921      ......................
65th-69th.......................  Irvine L.           Apr. 2, 1918      Mar. 3, 1927      ......................
                                   Lenroot\6\.
70th-72d........................  John J. Blaine....  Mar. 4, 1927      Mar. 3, 1933      ......................
73d-75th........................  F. Ryan Duffy.....  Mar. 4, 1933      Jan. 2, 1939      ......................
76th-87th.......................  Alexander Wiley...  Jan. 3, 1939      Jan. 2, 1963      ......................
88th-96th.......................  Gaylord Nelson\7\.  Jan. 8, 1963      Jan. 2, 1981      ......................
97th-102d.......................  Robert W. Kasten,   Jan. 3, 1981      Jan. 2, 1993      ......................
                                   Jr..
103d-108th......................  Russell D.          Jan. 3, 1993      Jan. 2, 2005      ......................
                                   Feingold.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Jan. 25, 1905. Took oath Jan. 4, 1906. Governor during interim. Died June 18, 1925. Vacancy from June
  19 to Sept. 29, 1925.
\2\Elected Aug. 27, 1957, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1959.
\3\Resigned Mar. 2, 1907, to take effect May 1, 1907.
\4\Elected by legislature to fill vacancy.
\5\Died Oct. 21, 1917. Vacancy from Oct. 22, 1917, to Apr. 1, 1918.
\6\Was Representative from Apr. 2 to 17, 1918, inclusive.
\7\Waived compensation Jan. 3-7, 1963, while governor of State.


                Footnote continued on next 
            page.
                                                                898  899
            898  899

                                                     WYOMING
                                                     Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Commencement of    Expiration of
            Congress                Name of Senator         term              term                Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-52d........................  Francis E. Warren.  Nov. 18, 1890     Mar. 3. 1893      ......................
53d.............................  (\1\).............  ................  ................  ......................
53d-65th........................  Clarence D.         Jan. 23, 1895     Mar. 3, 1917      ......................
                                   Clark\2\.
65th-73d........................  John B.             Mar. 4, 1917      Jan. 2, 1935      ......................
                                   Kendrick\3\.
73d.............................  Joseph C.           Jan. 1, 1934      Nov. 6, 1934      By gov., to fill vac.
                                   O'Mahoney\4\.
73d-82d.........................  ......do..........  Nov. 7, 1934      Jan. 2, 1953      ......................
83d-85th........................  Frank A. Barrett..  Jan. 3, 1953      Jan. 2, 1959      ......................
86th-94th.......................  Gale W. McGee.....  Jan. 3, 1959      Jan. 2, 1977      ......................
95th-103d.......................  Malcolm Wallop....  Jan. 3, 1977      Jan. 2, 1995      ......................
104th-106th.....................  Craig Thomas......  Jan. 3, 1995      Jan. 2, 2001      ......................

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                     Class 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-53d........................  Joseph M. Carey...  Nov. 15, 1890     Mar. 3, 1895      ......................
54th-71st.......................  Francis E. Warren.  Mar. 4, 1895      Mar. 3, 1931      Died Nov. 24, 1929.
71st............................  Patrick J.          Dec. 5, 1929      Nov. 30, 1930     By gov., to fill vac.
                                   Sullivan.
71st-74th.......................  Robert D. Carey...  Dec. 1, 1930      Jan. 2, 1937      ......................
75th-77th.......................  Henry H. Schwartz.  Jan. 3, 1937      Jan. 2, 1943      ......................
78th-80th.......................  E. V. Robertson...  Jan. 3, 1943      Jan. 2, 1949      ......................
81st-83d........................  Lester C. Hunt....  Jan. 3, 1949      Jan. 2, 1955      Died June 19, 1954.
83d.............................  Edward D. Crippa..  June 24, 1954     Nov. 28, 1954     By gov., to fill vac.
83d-86th........................  Joseph C.           Nov. 29, 1954     Jan. 2, 1961      ......................
                                   O'Mahoney\5\.
87th-89th.......................  John Joseph         Jan. 3, 1961      Nov. 6, 1962          Do.
                                   Hickey\6\.
87th-89th.......................  Milward L. Simpson  Nov. 7, 1962      Jan. 2, 1967      ......................
90th-95th.......................  Clifford P. Hansen  Jan. 3, 1967      Jan. 2, 1979      Res. Dec. 31, 1978.
96th-104th......................  Alan K. Simpson...  Jan. 1, 1979      Jan. 2, 1997      By gov., to fill vac.
105th-107th.....................  Michael B. Enzi...  Jan. 3, 1997      Jan. 2, 2003
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Asahel C. Beckwith appointed by governor. Credentials presented to Senate Mar. 15, 1893, but did not qualify.
  On July 11, 1893, Mr. Beckwith resigned.
\2\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1893, to Jan. 23, 1895, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\3\Died Nov. 3, 1933. Vacancy from Nov. 4 to Dec. 31, 1933.
\4\Appointed Dec. 18, 1933, but continued to serve as First Assistant Postmaster General through Dec. 31, 1933.
\5\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1955, and to full term ending Jan. 2, 1961.
\6\Keith Thomson, who had been elected Nov. 8, 1960, to full term Jan. 3, 1961, to Jan. 2, 1967, died Dec. 9,
  1960, prior to taking the oath of office.

                                                                    Senat
                                                                     e 
                                                                    Manua
                                                                     l 
                                                                    Secti
                                                                     on

                                        [900]

            ____________________________________________________________

                       INDEX OF SENATORS OF THE UNITED STATES

            ____________________________________________________________

                                          A

            Abbott, Joseph C.; N.C................................   864
            Abdnor, James; S. Dak.................................   881
            Abel, Hazel H.; Nebr..................................   853
            Abourezk, James; S. Dak...............................   880
            Abraham, Spencer; Mich................................   842
            Adair, John; Ky.......................................   833
            Adams, Alva B.; Colo..................................   811
            Adams, Brock; Wash....................................   893
            Adams, John Quincy; Mass..............................   840
            Adams, Robert H.; Miss................................   847
            Adams, Stephen; Miss..................................   846
            Aiken, George D.; Vt..................................   889
            Akaka, Daniel K.; Hawaii..............................   820
            Alcorn, James L.; Miss................................   847
            Aldrich, Nelson W.; R.I...............................   876
            Alger, Russell A.; Mich...............................   843
            Allard, Wayne; Colo...................................   810
            Allee, James F.; Del..................................   815
            Allen, Henry J.; Kans.................................   831
            Allen, James B.; Ala..................................   801
            Allen, John B.; Wash..................................   892
            Allen, Maryon Pittman; Ala............................   801
            Allen, Philip; R.I....................................   877
            Allen, William; Ohio..................................   869
            Allen, William V.; Nebr...............................   852
            Allison, William B.; Iowa.............................   829
            Allott, Gordon; Colo..................................   810
            Ames, Adelbert; Miss..................................   846
            Anderson, Alexander; Tenn.............................   883
            Anderson, Clinton P.; N. Mex..........................   861
            Anderson, Joseph; Tenn..............................882, 883
            Anderson, Wendell R.; Minn............................   845
            Andrews, Charles O.; Fla..............................   816
            Andrews, Mark; N. Dak.................................   867
            Ankeny, Levi; Wash....................................   893
            Anthony, Henry B.; R.I................................   877
            Archer, William S.; Va................................   891
            Armstrong, David H.; Mo...............................   849
            Armstrong, John; N.Y................................862, 863
            Armstrong, William L.; Colo...........................   810
            Arnold, Samuel G.; R.I................................   876
            Ashcroft, John; Mo....................................   848
            Ashley, Chester; Ark..................................   806
            Ashmun, Eli P.; Mass..................................   840
            Ashurst, Henry Fountain; Ariz.........................   804
            Atchison, David R.; Mo................................   849
            Atherton, Charles G.; N.H...........................856, 857
            Austin, Warren R.; Vt.................................   888

                                          B

            Bachman, Nathan L.; Tenn..............................   883
            Bacon, Augustus O.; Ga................................   818
            Badger, George E.; N.C................................   865
            Bagby, Arthur P.; Ala.................................   801
            Bailey, James E.; Tenn................................   882
            Bailey, Joseph W.; Tex................................   885
            Bailey, Josiah W.; N.C................................   864
            Bailey, Theodorus; N.Y................................   862
            Baird, David; N.J.....................................   859
            Baird, David, Jr.; N.J................................   859
            Baker, David J.; Ill..................................   824
            Baker, Edward D.; Oreg................................   872
            Baker, Howard H., Jr.; Tenn...........................   883
            Baker, Lucien; Kans...................................   830
            Baldwin, Abraham; Ga..................................   818
            Baldwin, Henry P.; Mich...............................   842
            Baldwin, Raymond E.; Conn.............................   812
            Baldwin, Roger S.; Conn...............................   812
            Ball, Joseph H.; Minn.................................   845
            Ball, L. Heisler; Del...............................814, 815
            Bankhead, John H.; Ala................................   800
            Bankhead, John H., 2d; Ala............................   800
            Barbour, James C.; Va.................................   890
            Barbour, John S., Jr.; Va.............................   891
            Barbour, W. Warren; N.J.............................858, 859
            Bard, Thomas R.; Calif................................   808
            Barkley, Alben W.; Ky...............................832, 833
            Barnard, Isaac D.; Pa.................................   874
            Barnum, William H.; Conn..............................   813
            Barnwell, Robert W.; S.C..............................   878
            Barrett, Frank A.; Wyo................................   898
            Barrow, Alexander; La.................................   834
            Barrow, Pope; Ga......................................   818
            Barry, Alexander G.; Oreg.............................   873
            Barry, William T.; Ky.................................   832
            Bartlett, Dewey F.; Okla..............................   870
            Bartlett, E. L.; Alaska...............................   802
            Barton, David; Mo.....................................   849
            Bass, Ross; Tenn......................................   883
            Bassett, Richard; Del.................................   815
            Bate, William B.; Tenn................................   882
            Bateman, Ephraim; N.J.................................   858
            Bates, Isaac C.; Mass.................................   841
            Bates, Martin W.; Del.................................   815
            Baucus, Max; Mont.....................................   851
            Bayard, James A., Jr.; Del............................   814
            Bayard, James A., Sr.; Del............................   815
            Bayard, Richard H.; Del...............................   814
            Bayard, Thomas F., Jr.; Del...........................   814
            Bayard, Thomas F., Sr.; Del...........................   814
            Bayh, Birch; Ind......................................   827
            Bayh, Evan; Ind.......................................   984
            Beall, J. Glenn; Md...................................   838
            Beall, J. Glenn, Jr.; Md..............................   838
            Beck, James B.; Ky....................................   832
            Beckham, John C. W.; Ky...............................   833
            Beckwith, Asahel C.; Wyo.\1\..........................   898
                \1\ Appointed by governor, but did not qualify.
            Bell, Charles H.; N.H.................................   857
            Bell, James; N.H......................................   857
            Bell, John; Tenn......................................   883
            Bell, Samuel; N.H.....................................   856
            Bellmon, Henry; Okla..................................   871
            Bender, George H.; Ohio...............................   869
            Benet, Christie; S.C..................................   878
            Benjamin, Judah P.; La................................   834
            Bennett, Robert F.; Utah..............................   887
            Bennett, Wallace F.; Utah.............................   887
            Benson, Alfred W.; Kans...............................   830
            Benson, Elmer A.; Minn................................   845
            Benton, Thomas H.; Mo.................................   848
            Benton, William; Conn.................................   812
            Bentsen, Lloyd M., Jr.; Tex...........................   884
            Berrien, John M.; Ga................................818, 819
            Berry, George L.; Tenn................................   883
            Berry, James H.; Ark..................................   806
            Betts, Thaddeus; Conn.................................   812
            Beveridge, Albert J.; Ind.............................   826
            Bibb, George M.; Ky...................................   832
            Bibb, William W.; Ga..................................   818
            Bible, Alan; Nev......................................   855
            Biden, Joseph R., Jr.; Del............................   815
            Biggs, Asa; N.C.......................................   865
            Bigler, William; Pa...................................   875
            Bilbo, Theodore G.; Miss..............................   846
            Bingaman, Jeff; N. Mex................................   860
            Bingham, Hiram; Conn..................................   813
            Bingham, Kinsley S.; Mich.............................   843
            Bingham, William; Pa..................................   875
            Black, Hugo; Ala......................................   801
            Black, John; Miss.....................................   846
            Blackburn, Joseph C. S.; Ky.........................832, 833
            Blaine, James G.; Maine...............................   837
            Blaine, John J.; Wis..................................   897
            Blair, Francis P.; Mo.................................   849
            Blair, Henry W.; N.H..................................   857
            Blakley, William A.; Tex............................884, 885
            Blanchard, Newton C.; La..............................   835
            Blease, Coleman L.; S.C...............................   878
            Bledsoe, Jesse; Ky....................................   833
            Blodgett, Rufus; N.J..................................   858
            Bloodworth, Timothy; N.C..............................   865
            Blount, William; Tenn.................................   883
            Boardman, Elijah; Conn................................   812
            Boggs, J. Caleb; Del..................................   815
            Bogy, Lewis V.; Mo....................................   849
            Bond, Christopher S.; Mo..............................   849
            Bone, Homer T.; Wash..................................   893
            Booth, Newton; Calif..................................   808
            Borah, William E.; Idaho..............................   822
            Boreman, Arthur I.; W. Va.............................   894
            Boren, David L.; Okla.................................   870
            Borland, Solon; Ark...................................   807
            Boschwitz, Rudy; Minn.................................   845
            Bottum, Joe H.; S. Dak................................   881
            Bouligny, Dominique; La...............................   834
            Bourne, Jonathan, Jr.; Oreg...........................   872
            Boutwell, George S.; Mass.............................   841
            Bowden, Lemuel L.; Va.................................   890
            Bowen, Thomas M.; Colo................................   810
            Bowring, Eva; Nebr....................................   853
            Boxer, Barbara; Calif.................................   809
            Bradbury, James W.; Maine.............................   837
            Bradford, William; R.I................................   877
            Bradley, Bill; N.J....................................   859
            Bradley, Stephen R.; Vt...............................   889
            Bradley, William O.; Ky...............................   833
            Brady, James H.; Idaho................................   823
            Brady, Nicholas F.; N.J...............................   858
            Bragg, Thomas; N.C....................................   864
            Brainerd, Lawrence; Vt................................   889
            Branch, John; N.C.....................................   864
            Brandegee, Frank B.; Conn.............................   813
            Bratton, Sam G.; N. Mex...............................   861
            Breaux, John B.; La...................................   835
            Breckinridge, John; Ky................................   833
            Breckinridge, John C.; Ky.............................   833
            Breese, Sidney; Ill...................................   825
            Brent, Richard; Va....................................   890
            Brewster, Daniel B.; Md...............................   839
            Brewster, Ralph O.; Maine.............................   836
            Brice, Calvin S.; Ohio................................   869
            Bricker, John W.; Ohio................................   868
            Bridges, Styles; N.H..................................   856
            Briggs, Frank O.; N.J.................................   859
            Briggs, Frank P.; Mo..................................   848
            Bright, Jesse D.; Ind.................................   826
            Bristow, Joseph L.; Kans..............................   831
            Brock, William E.; Tenn...............................   883
            Brock, William E., III; Tenn..........................   882
            Broderick, David C.; Calif............................   808
            Brodhead, Richard; Pa.................................   874
            Brooke, Edward W.; Mass...............................   841
            Brooke, Walker; Miss..................................   847
            Brookhart, Smith W.; Iowa...........................828, 829
            Brooks, C. Wayland; Ill...............................   824
            Broughton, J. Melville; N.C...........................   864
            Broussard, Edwin S.; La...............................   835
            Broussard, Robert F.; La..............................   835
            Brown, Albert G.; Miss................................   847
            Brown, Arthur; Utah...................................   887
            Brown, Bedford; N.C...................................   864
            Brown, B. Gratz; Mo...................................   849
            Brown, Ernest S.; Nev.................................   855
            Brown, Ethan A.; Ohio.................................   869
            Brown, Fred H.; N.H...................................   857
            Brown, Hank; Colo.....................................   810
            Brown, James; La....................................834, 835
            Brown, John; Ky.......................................   832
            Brown, Joseph E.; Ga..................................   819
            Brown, Norris; Nebr...................................   853
            Brown, Prentiss M.; Mich..............................   843
            Brownback, Sam; Kans..................................   831
            Browning, Orville H.; Ill.............................   824
            Brownlow, William G.; Tenn............................   882
            Broyhill, James T.; N.C...............................   865
            Bruce, Blanche K.; Miss...............................   846
            Bruce, William Cabell; Md.............................   838
            Brunsdale, C. Norman; N. Dak..........................   866
            Bryan, Nathan P.; Fla.................................   816
            Bryan, Richard H.; Nev................................   854
            Bryan, William J.; Fla................................   817
            Buchanan, James; Pa...................................   875
            Buck, C. Douglass; Del................................   815
            Buckalew, Charles R.; Pa..............................   874
            Buckingham, William A.; Conn..........................   812
            Buckley, James L.; N.Y................................   862
            Buckner, Alexander; Mo................................   849
            Bulkeley, Morgan G.; Conn.............................   812
            Bulkley, Robert J.; Ohio..............................   869
            Bulloch, William B.; Ga...............................   818
            Bulow, William J.; S. Dak.............................   880
            Bumpers, Dale; Ark....................................   807
            Bunker, Berkeley L.; Nev..............................   854
            Bunning, Jim; Ky......................................   987
            Burch, Thomas G.; Va..................................   891
            Burdick, Jocelyn B.; N. Dak...........................   866
            Burdick, Quentin N.; N. Dak...........................   866
            Burke, Edward R.; Nebr................................   852
            Burke, Thomas A.; Ohio................................   869
            Burkett, Elmer J.; Nebr...............................   852
            Burleigh, Edwin C.; Maine.............................   837
            Burnet, Jacob; Ohio...................................   869
            Burnham, Henry E.; N.H................................   856
            Burns, Conrad; Mont...................................   850
            Burnside, Ambrose E.; R.I.............................   876
            Burr, Aaron; N.Y......................................   862
            Burrill, James, Jr.; R.I..............................   877
            Burrows, Julius C.; Mich..............................   842
            Bursum, Holm O.; N. Mex...............................   861
            Burton, Harold H.; Ohio...............................   868
            Burton, Joseph R.; Kans...............................   830
            Burton, Theodore E.; Ohio.............................   869
            Bush, Prescott; Conn..................................   813
            Bushfield, Harlan J.; S. Dak..........................   880
            Bushfield, Vera C.; S. Dak............................   880
            Butler, Andrew P.; S.C................................   879
            Butler, Hugh; Nebr....................................   852
            Butler, John M.; Md...................................   839
            Butler, Marion; N.C...................................   864
            Butler, Matthew C.; S.C...............................   878
            Butler, Pierce; S.C.................................878, 879
            Butler, William M.; Mass..............................   840
            Byrd, Harry Flood; Va.................................   890
            Byrd, Harry Flood, Jr.; Va............................   890
            Byrd, Robert C.; W. Va................................   894
            Byrnes, James F.; S.C.................................   878

                                          C

            Cabot, George; Mass...................................   840
            Caffery, Donelson; La.................................   834
            Cain, Harry P.; Wash..................................   892
            Calder, William M.; N.Y...............................   862
            Caldwell, Alexander; Kans.............................   830
            Calhoun, John C.; S.C.................................   878
            Call, Wilkinson; Fla..................................   817
            Camden, Johnson N.; W. Va...........................894, 895
            Camden, Johnson N., Jr.; Ky...........................   833
            Cameron, Angus; Wis.................................896, 897
            Cameron, James D.; Pa.................................   875
            Cameron, Ralph H.; Ariz...............................   805
            Cameron, Simon; Pa..................................874, 875
            Campbell, Alexander; Ohio.............................   869
            Campbell, Ben Nighthorse; Colo........................   811
            Campbell, George W.; Tenn...........................882, 883
            Cannon, Frank J.; Utah................................   886
            Cannon, Howard W.; Nev................................   854
            Capehart, Homer E.; Ind...............................   827
            Caperton, Allen T.; W. Va.............................   894
            Capper, Arthur; Kans..................................   830
            Caraway, Mrs. Hattie W.; Ark..........................   807
            Caraway, Thaddeus H.; Ark.............................   807
            Carey, Joseph M.; Wyo.................................   899
            Carey, Robert D.; Wyo.................................   899
            Carlile, John S.; Va..................................   891
            Carlisle, John G.; Ky.................................   832
            Carlson, Frank; Kans..................................   831
            Carmack, Edward W.; Tenn..............................   883
            Carpenter, Matthew H.; Wis..........................896, 897
            Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton; Md...................   838
            Carroll, John A.; Colo................................   811
            Carter, Thomas H.; Mont.............................850, 851
            Carville, E. P.; Nev..................................   854
            Case, Clifford P.; N.J................................   859
            Case, Francis; S. Dak.................................   881
            Casey, Lyman R.; N. Dak...............................   866
            Cass, Lewis; Mich.....................................   842
            Casserly, Eugene; Calif...............................   808
            Cathcart, Charles W.; Ind.............................   827
            Catron, Thomas B.; N. Mex.............................   860
            Cattell, Alexander G.; N.J............................   859
            Chace, Jonathan; R.I..................................   877
            Chafee, John H.; R.I..................................   876
            Chafee, Lincoln D.; R.I...............................   876
            Chaffee, Jerome B.; Colo..............................   811
            Chalmers, Joseph W.; Miss.............................   847
            Chamberlain, George E.; Oreg..........................   873
            Chambers, Ezekiel F.; Md..............................   837
            Chambers, Henry H.; Ala...............................   801
            Champlin, Christopher G.; R.I.........................   876
            Chandler, Albert B.; Ky...............................   832
            Chandler, John; Maine.................................   837
            Chandler, William E.; N.H.............................   856
            Chandler, Zachariah; Mich.............................   842
            Chapman, Virgil; Ky...................................   832
            Charlton, Robert M.; Ga...............................   818
            Chase, Dudley; Vt.....................................   889
            Chase, Salmon P.; Ohio................................   869
            Chavez, Dennis; N. Mex................................   860
            Cheney, Person C.; N.H................................   856
            Chesnut, James, Jr.; S.C..............................   878
            Chilcott, George M.; Colo.............................   810
            Chiles, Lawton; Fla...................................   816
            Chilton, Horace; Tex................................884, 885
            Chilton, William E.; W. Va............................   894
            Chipman, Nathaniel; Vt................................   888
            Choate, Rufus; Mass...................................   840
            Christiancy, Isaac P.; Mich...........................   842
            Church, Frank; Idaho..................................   823
            Cilley, Joseph; N.H...................................   856
            Claiborne, William C. C.; La..........................   834
            Clapp, Moses E.; Minn.................................   844
            Clark, Bennett Champ; Mo..............................   849
            Clark, Clarence D.; Wyo...............................   898
            Clark, D. Worth; Idaho................................   823
            Clark, Daniel; N.H....................................   857
            Clark, Dick; Iowa.....................................   828
            Clark, Joseph S.; Pa..................................   875
            Clark, William A.; Mont.............................850, 851
            Clarke, James P.; Ark.................................   807
            Clarke, John H.; R.I..................................   877
            Clay, Alexander S.; Ga................................   819
            Clay, Clement Claiborne, Jr.; Ala.....................   800
            Clay, Clement Comer; Ala..............................   801
            Clay, Henry; Ky.....................................832, 833
            Clayton, Henry D.; Ala.\1\............................   801
                \1\ Appointed by governor, but withdrew.
            Clayton, John M.; Del...............................814, 815
            Clayton, Joshua; Del..................................   815
            Clayton, Powell; Ark..................................   806
            Clayton, Thomas; Del................................814, 815
            Cleland, Max; Ga.........................................818
            Clemens, Jeremiah; Ala................................   800
            Clements, Earle C.; Ky................................   833
            Clingman, Thomas L.; N.C..............................   865
            Clinton, De Witt; N.Y.................................   863
            Coats, Dan; Ind.......................................   827
            Cobb, Thomas W.; Ga...................................   818
            Cochran, Thad; Miss...................................   848
            Cocke, William; Tenn................................882, 883
            Cockrell, Francis M.; Mo..............................   848
            Cohen, John S.; Ga....................................   818
            Cohen, William S.; Maine..............................   837
            Coke, Richard; Tex....................................   883
            Cole, Cornelius; Calif................................   805
            Colhoun, John E.; S.C.................................   873
            Collamer, Jacob; Vt...................................   888
            Collins, Susan M.; Maine..............................   837
            Colquitt, Alfred H.; Ga...............................   813
            Colquitt, Walter T.; Ga...............................   818
            Colt, LeBaron B.; R.I.................................   878
            Comegys, Joseph P.; Del...............................   815
            Comer, Braxton B.; Ala................................   809
            Condit, John; N.J...................................858, 859
            Conger, Omar D.; Mich.................................   849
            Conkling, Roscoe; N.Y.................................   868
            Connally, Tom; Tex....................................   889
            Conness, John; Calif..................................   807
            Conover, Simon B.; Fla................................   815
            Conrad, Charles M.; La................................   830
            Conrad, Kent; N. Dak................................866, 867
            Cook, Marlow W.; Ky...................................   839
            Coolidge, Marcus A.; Mass.............................   842
            Cooper, Henry; Tenn...................................   883
            Cooper, James; Pa.....................................   874
            Cooper, John S.; Ky...................................   838
            Copeland, Royal S.; N.Y...............................   867
            Corbett, Henry W.; Oreg...............................   875
            Cordon, Guy; Oreg.....................................   872
            Corwin, Thomas; Ohio..................................   861
            Costigan, Edward P.; Colo.............................   813
            Cotton, Norris; N.H...................................   855
            Couzens, James; Mich..................................   843
            Coverdell, Paul; GA...................................   819
            Cowan, Edgar; Pa......................................   875
            Crafts, Samuel C.; Vt.................................   889
            Cragin, Aaron H.; N.H.................................   856
            Craig, Larry E.; Idaho................................   822
            Crane, Winthrop M.; Mass..............................   841
            Cranston, Alan; Calif.................................   809
            Crapo, Mike; Idaho....................................   982
            Crawford, Coe I.; S. Dak..............................   881
            Crawford, William H.; Ga..............................   818
            Creswell, John A. J.; Md..............................   839
            Crippa, Edward D.; Wyo................................   899
            Crittenden, John J.; Ky.............................832, 833
            Crow, William E.; Pa..................................   874
            Crozier, Robert; Kans.................................   830
            Culberson, Charles A.; Tex............................   884
            Cullom, Shelby M.; Ill................................   824
            Culver, John C.; Iowa.................................   829
            Cummins, Albert B.; Iowa..............................   829
            Curtis, Carl T.; Nebr.................................   853
            Curtis, Charles; Kans...............................830, 831
            Cuthbert, Alfred; Ga..................................   819
            Cutting, Bronson; N. Mex..............................   860
            Cutts, Charles; N.H...................................   857

                                          D

            Daggett, David; Conn..................................   813
            Dale, Porter H.; Vt...................................   889
            Dallas, George M.; Pa.................................   874
            Dalton, Tristram; Mass................................   840
            D'Amato, Alfonse M.; N.Y..............................   863
            Dana, Judah; Maine....................................   836
            Dana, Samuel W.; Conn.................................   812
            Danaher, John A.; Conn................................   813
            Danforth, John C.; Mo.................................   848
            Daniel, Charles E.; S.C...............................   878
            Daniel, John W.; Va...................................   890
            Daniel, Price; Tex....................................   884
            Darby, Harry; Kans....................................   831
            Daschle, Thomas A.; S. Dak............................   881
            Davenport, Franklin; N.J..............................   858
            Davis, Cushman K.; Minn...............................   844
            Davis, David; Ill.....................................   824
            Davis, Garrett; Ky....................................   833
            Davis, Henry G.; W. Va................................   895
            Davis, James J.; Pa...................................   875
            Davis, Jeff; Ark......................................   806
            Davis, Jefferson; Miss................................   846
            Davis, John; Mass.....................................   841
            Dawes, Henry L.; Mass.................................   840
            Dawson, William C.; Ga................................   819
            Dayton, Jonathan; N.J.................................   859
            Dayton, William L.; N.J...............................   858
            Deboe, William J.; Ky.................................   833
            DeConcini, Dennis; Ariz...............................   804
            Deneen, Charles S.; Ill...............................   824
            Dennis, George R.; Md.................................   839
            Denton, Jeremiah; Ala.................................   801
            Depew, Chauncey M.; N.Y...............................   862
            DeSaussure, William F.; S.C...........................   878
            Destrehan, John N.; La.\1\............................   834
                \1\ Elected, but did not qualify.
            DeWine, Mike; Ohio....................................   868
            De Wolf, James; R.I...................................   876
            Dexter, Samuel; Mass..................................   841
            Dial, Nathaniel B.; S.C...............................   878
            Dick, Charles W. F.; Ohio.............................   868
            Dickerson, Mahlon; N.J..............................858, 859
            Dickinson, Daniel S.; N.Y.............................   862
            Dickinson, L. J.; Iowa................................   828
            Dickinson, Philemon; N.J..............................   859
            Dieterich, William H.; Ill............................   825
            Dietrich, Charles H.; Nebr............................   852
            Dill, Clarence C.; Wash...............................   892
            Dillingham, William P.; Vt............................   889
            Dirksen, Everett M.; Ill..............................   825
            Dix, John A.; N.Y.....................................   863
            Dixon, Alan J.; Ill...................................   825
            Dixon, Archibald; Ky..................................   833
            Dixon, James; Conn....................................   812
            Dixon, Joseph M.; Mont................................   851
            Dixon, Nathan F., 1st; R.I............................   876
            Dixon, Nathan F., 3d; R.I.............................   877
            Dodd, Christopher J.; Conn............................   813
            Dodd, Thomas J.; Conn.................................   812
            Dodge, Augustus C.; Iowa..............................   829
            Dodge, Henry; Wis.....................................   896
            Dole, Robert; Kans....................................   831
            Dolliver, Jonathan P.; Iowa...........................   828
            Dolph, Joseph N.; Oreg................................   872
            Domenici, Pete V.; N. Mex.............................   861
            Dominick, Peter H.; Colo..............................   811
            Donahey, Vic; Ohio....................................   868
            Donnell, Forrest C.; Mo...............................   849
            Doolittle, James R.; Wis..............................   896
            Dorgan, Byron L.; ND..................................   867
            Dorsey, Stephen W.; Ark...............................   807
            Douglas, Paul H.; Ill.................................   824
            Douglas, Stephen A.; Ill..............................   824
            Downey, Sheridan; Calif...............................   809
            Downs, Solomon W.; La.................................   834
            Doxey, Wall; Miss.....................................   847
            Drake, Charles D.; Mo.................................   849
            Drew, Irving W.; N.H..................................   857
            Dryden, John F.; N.J..................................   859
            Dubois, Fred T.; Idaho..............................822, 823
            Dudley, Charles E.; N.Y...............................   862
            Duff, James H.; Pa....................................   875
            Duffy, F. Ryan; Wis...................................   897
            Dulles, John Foster; N.Y..............................   863
            du Pont, Henry A.; Del................................   814
            du Pont, T. Coleman; Del............................814, 815
            Durbin, Richard J.; Ill...............................   824
            Durenberger, David; Minn..............................   844
            Durkee, Charles; Wis..................................   897
            Durkin, John A., N.H..................................   857
            Dworshak, Henry C.; Idaho.............................   822

                                          E

            Eagleton, Thomas F.; Mo...............................   849
            Earle, Joseph H.; S.C.................................   897
            East, John P.; N.C....................................   865
            Eastland, James O.; Miss..............................   847
            Eaton, John H.; Tenn..................................   882
            Eaton, William W.; Conn...............................   812
            Ecton, Zales N.; Mont.................................   850
            Edge, Walter E.; N.J..................................   859
            Edgerton, Alonzo J.; Minn.............................   845
            Edmondson, J. Howard; Okla............................   870
            Edmunds, George F.; Vt................................   888
            Edwards, Edward I.; N.J...............................   858
            Edwards, Elaine S.; La................................   834
            Edwards, Henry W.; Conn...............................   812
            Edwards, John; Ky.....................................   833
            Edwards, John; N.C....................................  1003
            Edwards, Ninian; Ill..................................   825
            Elkins, Davis; W. Va..................................   895
            Elkins, Stephen B.; W. Va.............................   895
            Ellender, Allen J.; La................................   834
            Ellery, Christopher; R.I..............................   877
            Elliott, John; Ga.....................................   819
            Ellis, Powhatan; Miss.................................   846
            Ellsworth, Oliver; Conn...............................   812
            Elmer, Jonathan; N.J..................................   858
            Elmore, Franklin H.; S.C..............................   878
            Engle, Clair; Calif...................................   808
            English, James E.; Conn...............................   813
            Enzi, Michael B; Wyo..................................   899
            Eppes, John W.; Va....................................   891
            Erickson, John E.; Mont...............................   851
            Ernst, Richard P.; Ky.................................   833
            Ervin, Sam J., Jr.; N.C...............................   865
            Eustis, James B.; La..................................   835
            Evans, Daniel J.; Wash................................   892
            Evans, George; Maine..................................   837
            Evans, Josiah J.; S.C.................................   878
            Evarts, William M.; N.Y...............................   863
            Everett, Edward; Mass.................................   841
            Ewing, Thomas; Ohio.................................868, 869
            Ewing, William L. D.; Ill.............................   825
            Exon, J. J.; Nebr.....................................   853

                                          F

            Fair, James G.; Nev...................................   854
            Fairbanks, Charles W.; Ind............................   827
            Faircloth, Lauch; N.C.................................   865
            Fairfield, John; Maine................................   836
            Fall, Albert B.; N. Mex...............................   861
            Fannin, Paul J.; Ariz.................................   804
            Farley, James T.; Calif...............................   809
            Farwell, Charles B.; Ill..............................   825
            Farwell, Nathan A.; Maine.............................   837
            Faulkner, Charles J.; W. Va...........................   894
            Feazel, William C.; La................................   835
            Feingold, Russell D.; WI..............................   897
            Feinstein, Dianne; Calif..............................   808
            Felch, Alpheus; Mich..................................   843
            Felton, Charles N.; Calif.............................   808
            Felton, Mrs. Rebecca L.; Ga...........................   819
            Fenner, James; R.I....................................   877
            Fenton, Reuben E.; N.Y................................   862
            Ferguson, Homer; Mich.................................   843
            Fernald, Bert M.; Maine...............................   837
            Ferris, Woodbridge N.; Mich...........................   842
            Ferry, Orris S.; Conn.................................   813
            Ferry, Thomas W.; Mich................................   843
            Fess, Simeon D.; Ohio.................................   868
            Fessenden, William P.; Maine..........................   837
            Few, William; Ga......................................   818
            Field, Richard S.; N.J................................   858
            Findlay, William; Pa..................................   874
            Finley, Jesse J.; Fla.\1\.............................   816
                \1\ Appointed by governor, but did not qualify.
            Fish, Hamilton; N.Y...................................   862
            Fisk, James; Vt.......................................   889
            Fitch, Graham N.; Ind.................................   827
            Fitzgerald, Peter G.; Ill.............................   983
            Fitzgerald, Thomas; Mich..............................   842
            Fitzpatrick, Benjamin; Ala..........................800, 801
            Flanagan, James W.; Tex...............................   884
            Flanders, Ralph E.; Vt................................   888
            Fletcher, Duncan U.; Fla..............................   817
            Flint, Frank P.; Calif................................   808
            Fogg, George G.; N.H..................................   857
            Fong, Hiram L.; Hawaii................................   820
            Foot, Samuel A.; Conn.................................   812
            Foot, Solomon; Vt.....................................   888
            Foote, Henry S.; Miss.................................   847
            Foraker, Joseph B.; Ohio..............................   869
            Ford, Wendell H.; Ky..................................   833
            Forsyth, John; Ga...................................818, 819
            Foster, Addison G.; Wash..............................   892
            Foster, Dwight; Mass..................................   841
            Foster, Ephraim III; Tenn.............................   882
            Foster, Henry A.; N.Y.................................   863
            Foster, Lafayette S.; Conn............................   813
            Foster, Murphy J.; La.................................   834
            Foster, Theodore; R.I.................................   876
            Fowler, Joseph S.; Tenn...............................   883
            Fowler, Wyche, Jr.; Ga................................   819
            Frahm, Sheila; Kans...................................   831
            France, Joseph I.; Md.................................   838
            Francis, John B.; R.I.................................   876
            Franklin, Jesse; N.C................................864, 865
            Frazier, James B.; Tenn...............................   882
            Frazier, Lynn J.; N. Dak..............................   866
            Frear, J. Allen, Jr.; Del.............................   815
            Frelinghuysen, Frederick; N.J.........................   859
            Frelinghuysen, Frederick T.; N.J....................858, 859
            Frelinghuysen, Joseph S.; N.J.........................   858
            Frelinghuysen, Theodore; N.J..........................   859
            Fremont, John C.; Calif...............................   808
            Frist, William H.; Tenn...............................   882
            Fromentin, Eligius; La................................   835
            Frye, William P.; Maine...............................   837
            Fulbright, J. William; Ark............................   807
            Fulton, Charles W.; Oreg..............................   873
            Fulton, William S.; Ark...............................   806

                                          G

            Gaillard, John; S.C...................................   879
            Gallatin, Albert; Pa..................................   874
            Gallinger, Jacob H.; N.H..............................   857
            Gamble, Robert J.; S. Dak.............................   880
            Gambrell, David H.; Ga................................   818
            Gardner, Obadiah; Maine...............................   837
            Garland, Augustus H.; Ark.............................   806
            Garn, E. J. ``Jake''; Utah............................   887
            Gary, Frank B.; S.C...................................   879
            Gay, Edward J.; La....................................   835
            Gear, John H.; Iowa...................................   828
            Gearin, John M.; Oreg.................................   872
            George, James Z.; Miss................................   846
            George, Walter F.; Ga.................................   819
            German, Obadiah; N.Y..................................   862
            Gerry, Peter G.; R.I..................................   876
            Geyer, Henry S.; Mo...................................   848
            Gibson, Charles H.; Md................................   839
            Gibson, Ernest W.; Vt.................................   889
            Gibson, Ernest W., Jr.; Vt............................   889
            Gibson, Paris; Mont...................................   850
            Gibson, Randall L.; La................................   834
            Gilbert, Abijah; Fla..................................   816
            Giles, William B.; Va...............................890, 891
            Gillett, Frederick H.; Mass...........................   841
            Gillette, Francis; Conn...............................   813
            Gillette, Guy M.; Iowa..............................828, 829
            Gilman, Nicholas; N.H.................................   856
            Glass, Carter; Va.....................................   891
            Glass, Frank P.; Ala.\1\..............................   801
                \1\ Appointed by governor, but did not qualify.
            Glenn, John H.; Ohio..................................   869
            Glenn, Otis F.; Ill...................................   825
            Goff, Guy D.; W. Va...................................   895
            Goff, Nathan; W. Va...................................   895
            Goldsborough, Phillips L.; Md.........................   838
            Goldsborough, Robert H.; Md...........................   839
            Goldthwaite, George; Ala..............................   800
            Goldwater, Barry; Ariz..............................804, 805
            Goodell, Charles E.; N.Y..............................   863
            Goodhue, Benjamin; Mass...............................   840
            Gooding, Frank R.; Idaho..............................   823
            Goodrich, Chauncey; Conn..............................   813
            Gordon, James; Miss...................................   847
            Gordon, John B.; Ga...................................   819
            Gore, Albert; Tenn....................................   882
            Gore, Albert Jr.; Tenn................................   883
            Gore, Christopher; Mass...............................   840
            Gore, Thomas P.; Okla...............................870, 871
            Gorman, Arthur P.; Md...............................838, 839
            Gorton, Slade; Wash.................................892, 893
            Gossett, Charles C.; Idaho............................   822
            Gould, Arthur R.; Maine...............................   837
            Graham, Bob; Fla......................................   817
            Graham, Frank P.; N.C.................................   864
            Graham, William A.; N.C...............................   865
            Gramm, Wm. Philip; Tex................................   885
            Grammer, Elijah S.; Wash..............................   893
            Grams, Rod; Minn......................................   844
            Grassley, Charles E.; Iowa............................   829
            Gravel, Mike; Alaska..................................   803
            Graves, Mrs. Dixie Bibb; Ala..........................   801
            Gray, George; Del.....................................   814
            Grayson, William; Va..................................   890
            Green, James S.; Mo...................................   849
            Green, Theodore F.; R.I...............................   877
            Greene, Albert C.; R.I................................   876
            Greene, Frank L.; Vt..................................   888
            Greene, Ray; R.I......................................   877
            Gregg, Andrew; Pa.....................................   875
            Gregg, Judd; N.H......................................   857
            Griffin, Robert P.; Mich..............................   843
            Grimes, James W.; Iowa................................   828
            Griswold, Dwight; Nebr................................   853
            Griswold, Stanley; Ohio...............................   869
            Gronna, Asle J.; N. Dak...............................   867
            Groome, James B.; Md..................................   839
            Grover, La Fayette; Oreg..............................   872
            Gruening, Ernest; Alaska..............................   803
            Grundy, Felix; Tenn...................................   882
            Grundy, Joseph R.; Pa.................................   875
            Guffey, Joseph F.; Pa.................................   874
            Guggenheim, Simon; Colo...............................   810
            Guion, Walter; La.....................................   835
            Gunn, James; Ga.......................................   819
            Gurney, Edward J.; Fla................................   817
            Gurney, J. Chandler; S. Dak...........................   881
            Guthrie, James; Ky....................................   832
            Gwin, William M.; Calif...............................   809

                                          H

            Hagel, Chuck; Nebr....................................   853
            Hager, John S.; Calif.................................   808
            Hale, Eugene; Maine...................................   836
            Hale, Frederick; Maine................................   836
            Hale, John P.; N.H....................................   856
            Hall, Wilton E.; S.C..................................   879
            Hamilton, Morgan C.; Tex..............................   885
            Hamilton, William T.; Md..............................   838
            Hamlin, Hannibal; Maine...............................   836
            Hammond, James H.; S.C................................   879
            Hampton, Wade; S.C....................................   879
            Hanna, Marcus A.; Ohio................................   868
            Hanna, Robert; Ind....................................   826
            Hannegan, Edward A.; Ind..............................   827
            Hansbrough, Henry C.; N. Dak..........................   867
            Hansen, Clifford P.; Wyo..............................   899
            Hanson, Alexander C.; Md..............................   838
            Hardin, Martin D.; Ky.................................   832
            Harding, Benjamin F.; Oreg............................   872
            Harding, Warren G.; Ohio..............................   869
            Hardwick, Thomas W.; Ga...............................   818
            Harkin, Thomas R; Iowa................................   828
            Harlan, James; Iowa...................................   829
            Harper, Robert G.; Md.................................   838
            Harper, William; S.C..................................   879
            Harreld, John W.; Okla................................   871
            Harris, Fred R.; Okla.................................   870
            Harris, Ira; N.Y......................................   863
            Harris, Isham G.; Tenn................................   883
            Harris, John S.; La...................................   834
            Harris, William A.; Kans..............................   831
            Harris, William J.; Ga................................   818
            Harrison, Benjamin; Ind...............................   826
            Harrison, Pat; Miss...................................   847
            Harrison, William H.; Ohio............................   869
            Hart, Gary W.; Colo...................................   811
            Hart, Philip A.; Mich.................................   842
            Hart, Thomas C.; Conn.................................   812
            Hartke, Vance; Ind....................................   826
            Harvey, James M.; Kans................................   830
            Haskell, Floyd K.; Colo...............................   810
            Hastings, Daniel O.; Del..............................   815
            Hatch, Carl A.; N. Mex................................   861
            Hatch, Orrin G.; Utah.................................   886
            Hatfield, Henry D.; W. Va.............................   894
            Hatfield, Mark O.; Oreg...............................   872
            Hatfield, Paul G.; Mont...............................   851
            Hathaway, William D.; Maine...........................   837
            Haun, Henry P.; Calif.................................   808
            Hawes, Harry B.; Mo...................................   849
            Hawkes, Albert W.; N.J................................   859
            Hawkins, Benjamin; N.C................................   865
            Hawkins, Paula; Fla...................................   817
            Hawley, Joseph R.; Conn...............................   812
            Hayden, Carl; Ariz....................................   805
            Hayakawa, S. I.; Calif................................   808
            Hayne, Arthur P.; S.C.................................   878
            Hayne, Robert Y.; S.C.................................   878
            Hayward, Monroe L.; Nebr..............................   852
            Haywood, William H.; N.C..............................   865
            Hearst, George; Calif.................................   808
            Hebert, Felix; R.I....................................   876
            Hecht, Chic; Nev......................................   854
            Heflin, Howell; Ala...................................   800
            Heflin, J. Thomas; Ala................................   800
            Heinz, H. John, III; Pa...............................   874
            Heiskell, John N.; Ark................................   806
            Heitfeld, Henry; Idaho................................   823
            Helms, Jesse; N.C.....................................   864
            Hemenway, James A.; Ind...............................   827
            Hemphill, John; Tex...................................   885
            Henderson, Charles B.; Nev............................   855
            Henderson, J. Pinckney; Tex...........................   884
            Henderson, John; Miss.................................   846
            Henderson, John B.; Mo................................   848
            Hendricks, Thomas A.; Ind.............................   826
            Hendricks, William; Ind...............................   827
            Hendrickson, Robert C.; N.J...........................   859
            Hennings, Thomas C., Jr.; Mo..........................   849
            Henry, John; Md.......................................   839
            Hereford, Frank; W. Va................................   894
            Herring, Clyde L.; Iowa...............................   828
            Heyburn, Weldon B.; Idaho.............................   823
            Hickenlooper, Bourke B.; Iowa.........................   829
            Hickey, John Joseph; Wyo..............................   899
            Hicks, Thomas H.; Md..................................   839
            Higgins, Anthony; Del.................................   815
            Hill, Benjamin H.; Ga.................................   818
            Hill, David B.; N.Y...................................   863
            Hill, Isaac; N.H......................................   857
            Hill, Joshua; Ga......................................   819
            Hill, Lister; Ala.....................................   801
            Hill, Nathaniel P.; Colo..............................   811
            Hill, William L.; Fla.................................   817
            Hillhouse, James; Conn................................   812
            Hindman, William; Md..................................   839
            Hiscock, Frank; N.Y...................................   862
            Hitchcock, Gilbert M.; Nebr...........................   852
            Hitchcock, Herbert E.; S. Dak.........................   881
            Hitchcock, Phineas W.; Nebr...........................   853
            Hoar, George F.; Mass.................................   841
            Hobart, John S.; N.Y..................................   862
            Hoblitzell, John D., Jr.; W. Va.......................   895
            Hodges, Kaneaster, Jr.; Ark...........................   806
            Hoey, Clyde R.; N.C...................................   865
            Holland, Spessard L.; Fla.............................   816
            Hollings, Ernest F.; S.C..............................   879
            Hollis, Henry F.; N.H.................................   856
            Holman, Rufus C.; Oreg................................   873
            Holmes, David; Miss...................................   846
            Holmes, John; Maine...................................   836
            Holt, Rush D., W. Va..................................   894
            Hopkins, Albert J.; Ill...............................   825
            Horsey, Outerbridge; Del..............................   814
            Houston, Andrew Jackson; Tex..........................   885
            Houston, George S.; Ala...............................   801
            Houston, Sam; Tex.....................................   885
            Howard, Guy V.; Minn..................................   845
            Howard, Jacob M.; Mich................................   843
            Howard, John E.; Md...................................   838
            Howe, Timothy O.; Wis.................................   897
            Howell, James B.; Iowa................................   828
            Howell, Jeremiah B.; R.I..............................   877
            Howell, Robert B.; Nebr...............................   852
            Howland, Benjamin; R.I................................   876
            Hruska, Roman L.; Nebr................................   852
            Hubbard, Henry; N.H...................................   856
            Huddleston, Walter D.; Ky.............................   832
            Huffman, James W.; Ohio...............................   868
            Huger, Daniel E.; S.C.................................   878
            Hughes, Charles J., Jr.; Colo.........................   811
            Hughes, Harold E.; Iowa...............................   829
            Hughes, James H.; Del.................................   815
            Hughes, William; N.J..................................   859
            Hull, Cordell; Tenn...................................   883
            Humphrey, Gordon J.; N.H..............................   857
            Humphrey, Hubert H.; Minn...........................844, 845
            Humphrey, Muriel; Minn................................   844
            Humphreys, Robert; Ky.................................   832
            Hunt, Lester C.; Wyo..................................   899
            Hunter, John; S.C.....................................   878
            Hunter, Richard C.; Nebr..............................   852
            Hunter, Robert M. T.; Va..............................   891
            Hunter, William; R.I..................................   876
            Huntington, Jabez W.; Conn............................   812
            Hunton, Eppa; Va......................................   891
            Husting, Paul O.; Wis.................................   897
            Hutchinson, Tim; Ark..................................   806
            Hutchison, Kay B.; Tex................................   884

                                          I

            Ingalls, John J.; Kans................................   831
            Inhofe, James M.; Okla................................   870
            Inouye, Daniel K.; Hawaii.............................   820
            Irby, John L. M.; S.C.................................   879
            Iredell, James; N.C...................................   865
            Iverson, Alfred; Ga...................................   819
            Ives, Irving M.; N.Y..................................   862
            Izard, Ralph; S.C.....................................   879

                                          J

            Jackson, Andrew; Tenn...............................882, 883
            Jackson, Henry M.; Wash...............................   892
            Jackson, Howell E.; Tenn..............................   882
            Jackson, James; Ga..................................818, 819
            Jackson, Samuel D.; Ind...............................   827
            Jackson, William P.; Md...............................   838
            James, Charles T.; R.I................................   876
            James, Ollie M.; Ky...................................   832
            Jarnagin, Spencer; Tenn...............................   883
            Jarvis, Thomas J.; N.C................................   865
            Javits, Jacob K.; N.Y.................................   863
            Jeffords, James M.; Vt................................   888
            Jenner, William E.; Ind.............................826, 827
            Jenness, Benning W.; N.H..............................   856
            Jepsen, Roger W.; Iowa................................   828
            Jewett, Daniel T.; Mo.................................   849
            Johnson, Andrew; Tenn.................................   882
            Johnson, Charles F.; Maine............................   836
            Johnson, Edwin C.; Colo...............................   810
            Johnson, Edwin S.; S. Dak.............................   881
            Johnson, Henry; La..................................834, 835
            Johnson, Herschel V.; Ga..............................   819
            Johnson, Hiram W.; Calif..............................   808
            Johnson, Lyndon B.; Tex...............................   885
            Johnson, Magnus; Minn.................................   845
            Johnson, Martin N.; N. Dak............................   867
            Johnson, Reverdy; Md..................................   838
            Johnson, Richard M.; Ky...............................   832
            Johnson, Robert W.; Ark...............................   807
            Johnson, Tim; S. Dak..................................   880
            Johnson, Waldo P.; Mo.................................   849
            Johnson, William S.; Conn.............................   813
            Johnston, J. Bennett; La..............................   834
            Johnston, John W.; Va.................................   891
            Johnston, Joseph F.; Ala..............................   801
            Johnston, Josiah S.; La...............................   835
            Johnston, Olin D.; S.C................................   879
            Johnston, Rienzi M.; Tex..............................   885
            Johnston, Samuel; N.C.................................   864
            Jonas, Benjamin F.; La................................   835
            Jones, Andrieus A.; N. Mex............................   860
            Jones, Charles W.; Fla................................   816
            Jones, George; Ga.....................................   818
            Jones, George W.; Iowa................................   828
            Jones, James C.; Tenn.................................   882
            Jones, James K.; Ark..................................   807
            Jones, John P.; Nev...................................   855
            Jones, Wesley L.; Wash................................   893
            Jordan, B. Everett; N.C...............................   864
            Jordan, Len B.; Idaho.................................   822

                                          K

            Kane, Elias K.; Ill...................................   825
            Karnes, David K.; Nebr................................   852
            Kassebaum, Nancy Landon; Kans.........................   830
            Kasten, Robert W., Jr.; Wis...........................   897
            Kavanaugh, William M.; Ark............................   806
            Kean, Hamilton F.; N.J................................   858
            Kean, John; N.J.......................................   858
            Kearns, Thomas; Utah..................................   886
            Keating, Kenneth B.; N.Y..............................   862
            Kefauver, Estes; Tenn.................................   883
            Kellogg, Frank B.; Minn...............................   844
            Kellogg, William P.; La.............................834, 835
            Kelly, James K.; Oreg.................................   872
            Kelly, William; Ala...................................   801
            Kem, James P.; Mo.....................................   848
            Kempthorne, Dirk; Idaho...............................   823
            Kendrick, John B.; Wyo................................   898
            Kenna, John E.; W. Va.................................   895
            Kennedy, Anthony; Md..................................   838
            Kennedy, Edward M.; Mass..............................   840
            Kennedy, John F.; Mass................................   840
            Kennedy, Robert F.; N.Y...............................   862
            Kenny, Richard R.; Del................................   815
            Kent, Joseph; Md......................................   838
            Kenyon, William S.; Iowa..............................   828
            Kern, John W.; Ind....................................   826
            Kernan, Francis; N.Y..................................   862
            Kerr, John L.; Md.....................................   839
            Kerr, Joseph; Ohio....................................   868
            Kerr, Robert S.; Okla.................................   870
            Kerrey, J. Robert; Nebr...............................   852
            Kerry, John F.; Mass..................................   841
            Key, David M.; Tenn...................................   882
            Keyes, Henry W.; N.H..................................   856
            Kilgore, Harley M.; W. Va.............................   894
            King, John P.; Ga.....................................   818
            King, Preston; N.Y....................................   862
            King, Rufus; N.Y......................................   863
            King, William H.; Utah................................   886
            King, William R.; Ala...............................800, 801
            Kirby, William F.; Ark................................   807
            Kirkwood, Samuel J.; Iowa...........................828, 829
            Kitchell, Aaron; N.J..................................   859
            Kittredge, Alfred B.; S. Dak..........................   881
            Knight, Nehemiah R.; R.I..............................   877
            Knowland, William F.; Calif...........................   808
            Knox, Philander C.; Pa................................   874
            Kohl, Herbert; Wisc...................................   896
            Krueger, Bob; Tex.....................................   884
            Kuchel, Thomas H.; Calif..............................   809
            Kyl, Jon; Ariz........................................   804
            Kyle, James H.; S. Dak................................   881

                                          L

            Lacock, Abner; Pa.....................................   875
            Ladd, Edwin F.; N. Dak................................   867
            La Follette, Robert M.; Wis...........................   896
            La Follette, Robert M., Jr.; Wis......................   896
            Laird, William R., III; W. Va.........................   894
            Lamar, Lucius Q. C.; Miss.............................   847
            Lambert, John; N.J....................................   858
            Landrieu, Mary L.; La.................................   834
            Lane, Harry; Oreg.....................................   872
            Lane, Henry S.; Ind...................................   827
            Lane, James H.; Kans..................................   830
            Lane, Joseph; Oreg....................................   873
            Langdon, John; N.H....................................   857
            Langer, William; N. Dak...............................   866
            Lanman, James; Conn...................................   813
            Lapham, Elbridge G.; N.Y..............................   863
            Larrazolo, Octaviano A.; N. Mex.......................   860
            Latham, Milton S.; Calif..............................   808
            Latimer, Asbury C.; S.C...............................   879
            Latimer, Henry; Del...................................   814
            Laurance, John; N.Y...................................   863
            Lausche, Frank J.; Ohio...............................   869
            Lautenberg, Frank R.; N.J.............................   858
            Laxalt, Paul; Nev.....................................   855
            Lea, Luke; Tenn.......................................   882
            Leahy, Edward L.; R.I.................................   876
            Leahy, Patrick J.; Vt.................................   889
            Leake, Walter; Miss...................................   846
            Lee, Blair; Md........................................   838
            Lee, Josh; Okla.......................................   870
            Lee, Richard H.; Va...................................   891
            Lehman, Herbert H.; N.Y...............................   863
            Leib, Michael; Pa.....................................   874
            Leigh, Benjamin W.; Va................................   891
            Lennon, Alton A.; N.C.................................   864
            Lenroot, Irvine L.; Wis...............................   897
            Levin, Carl; Mich.....................................   843
            Lewis, Dixon H.; Ala..................................   800
            Lewis, James Hamilton; Ill............................   824
            Lewis, John F.; Va....................................   890
            Lieberman, Joseph I.; Conn............................   813
            Lincoln, Blanche L.; Ark..............................   975
            Lindsay, William; Ky..................................   832
            Linn, Lewis F.; Mo....................................   849
            Lippitt, Henry F.; R.I................................   876
            Livermore, Samuel; N.H................................   856
            Livingston, Edward; La................................   834
            Lloyd, Edward; Md.....................................   839
            Lloyd, James; Md......................................   839
            Lloyd, James; Mass..................................840, 841
            Locher, Cyrus; Ohio...................................   869
            Locke, Francis; N.C...................................   865
            Lodge, Henry Cabot; Mass .............................   840
            Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr.; Mass ......................840, 841
            Loftin, Scott M.; Fla.................................   816
            Logan, George; Pa.....................................   875
            Logan, John A.; Ill.................................824, 825
            Logan, Marvel M.; Ky..................................   832
            Logan, William; Ky....................................   833
            Lonergan, Augustine; Conn.............................   813
            Long, Chester I.; Kans................................   831
            Long, Edward V.; Mo...................................   849
            Long, Huey P.; La.....................................   834
            Long, Oren E.; Hawaii.................................   821
            Long, Rose McConnell; La..............................   834
            Long, Russell B.; La..................................   835
            Lorimer, William; Ill.................................   825
            Lott, Trent; Miss.....................................   846
            Lowrie, Walter; Pa....................................   875
            Lucas, Scott W.; Ill..................................   825
            Lugar, Richard G.; Ind................................   826
            Lumpkin, Alva M.; S.C.................................   878
            Lumpkin, Wilson; Ga...................................   818
            Lundeen, Ernest; Minn.................................   845
            Lusk, Hall S.; Oreg...................................   872
            Lyon, Lucius; Mich....................................   842

                                          M

            Machen, Willis B.; Ky.................................   833
            Mack, Connie; Fla.....................................   816
            Maclay, Samuel; Pa....................................   874
            Maclay, William; Pa...................................   874
            Macon, Nathaniel; N.C.................................   865
            Magnuson, Warren G.; Wash.............................   893
            Magruder, Allan B.; La................................   835
            Mahone, William; Va...................................   890
            Malbone, Francis; R.I.................................   876
            Mallory, Stephen R.; Fla..............................   816
            Mallory, Stephen R.; Fla..............................   817
            Malone, George W.; Nev................................   854
            Maloney, Francis; Conn................................   812
            Manderson, Charles F.; Nebr...........................   853
            Mangum, Willie P.; N.C..............................864, 865
            Mansfield, Mike; Mont.................................   850
            Mantle, Lee; Mont.....................................   850
            Marcy, William L.; N.Y................................   863
            Marks, William; Pa....................................   875
            Marshall, Humphrey; Ky................................   833
            Marston, Gilman; N.H..................................   856
            Martin, Alexander; N.C................................   864
            Martin, Edward; Pa....................................   874
            Martin, George B.; Ky.................................   832
            Martin, John; Kans....................................   830
            Martin, Thomas E.; Iowa...............................   828
            Martin, Thomas S.; Va.................................   891
            Martine, James E.; N.J................................   858
            Mason, Armistead T.; Va...............................   891
            Mason, James M.; Va...................................   890
            Mason, Jeremiah; N.H..................................   857
            Mason, Jonathan; Mass.................................   840
            Mason, Stevens T.; Va.................................   890
            Mason, William E.; Ill................................   825
            Massey, William A.; Nev...............................   854
            Mathews, Harlan; TN...................................   883
            Mathewson, Elisha; R.I................................   877
            Mathias, Charles McC., Jr.; Md........................   839
            Matsunaga, Spark M.; Hawaii...........................   820
            Matthews, Stanley; Ohio...............................   869
            Mattingly, Mack; Ga...................................   819
            Maxey, Samuel B.; Tex.................................   884
            Maybank, Burnet R.; S.C...............................   878
            Mayfield, Earle B.; Tex...............................   884
            McAdoo, William Gibbs; Calif..........................   809
            McBride, George W.; Oreg..............................   872
            McCain, John S., III; Ariz............................   805
            McCarran, Patrick A.; Nev.............................   855
            McCarthy, Eugene J.; Minn.............................   844
            McCarthy, Joseph R.; Wis..............................   896
            McClellan, John L.; Ark...............................   806
            McClure, James A.; Idaho..............................   822
            McComas, Louis E.; Md.................................   838
            McConnell, Mitch; Ky..................................   832
            McConnell, William J.; Idaho..........................   823
            McCormick, Medill; Ill................................   824
            McCreary, James B.; Ky................................   833
            McCreery, Thomas C.; Ky ............................832, 833
            McCulloch, Roscoe C.; Ohio............................   869
            McCumber, Porter J.; N. Dak...........................   866
            McDill, James W.; Iowa................................   828
            McDonald, Alexander; Ark..............................   806
            McDonald, Joseph E.; Ind..............................   826
            McDougall, James A.; Calif............................   809
            McDuffie, George; S.C.................................   879
            McEnery, Samuel D.; La................................   835
            McFarland, Ernest W.; Ariz............................   804
            McGee, Gale W.; Wyo...................................   898
            McGill, George; Kans..................................   831
            McGovern, George; S. Dak..............................   881
            McGrath, J. Howard; R.I...............................   876
            McIlvaine, Joseph; N.J................................   858
            McIntyre, Thomas J.; N.H..............................   856
            McKean, Samuel; Pa....................................   874
            McKellar, Kenneth D.; Tenn............................   882
            McKinley, John; Ala...................................   801
            McKinley, William B.; Ill.............................   825
            McLane, Louis; Del....................................   814
            McLaurin, Anselm J.; Miss.............................   847
            McLaurin, John L.; S.C................................   879
            McLean, George P.; Conn...............................   812
            McLean, John; Ill...................................824, 825
            McMahon, Brien; Conn..................................   813
            McMaster, William H.; S. Dak..........................   880
            McMillan, James; Mich.................................   843
            McMillan, Samuel J. R.; Minn..........................   844
            McNamara, Patrick V.; Mich............................   843
            McNary, Charles L.; Oreg..............................   872
            McPherson, John R.; N.J...............................   859
            McRae, John J.; Miss..................................   846
            McRoberts, Samuel; Ill................................   824
            Mead, James M.; N.Y...................................   862
            Means, Rice W.; Colo..................................   811
            Mechem, E. L.; N. Mex.................................   860
            Meigs, Return J., Jr.; Ohio...........................   868
            Melcher, John; Mont...................................   850
            Mellen, Prentiss; Mass................................   840
            Meriwether, David; Ky.................................   833
            Merrick, William D.; Md...............................   838
            Merrimon, Augustus S.; N.C............................   865
            Metcalf, Jesse H.; R.I................................   877
            Metcalf, Lee; Mont....................................   851
            Metcalfe, Thomas; Ky..................................   833
            Metzenbaum, Howard M.; Ohio.........................868, 869
            Mikulski, Barbara A.; Md..............................   839
            Millard, Joseph H.; Nebr..............................   853
            Milledge, John; Ga....................................   819
            Miller, Bert H.; Idaho................................   822
            Miller, Homer V. M.; Ga...............................   818
            Miller, Jack; Iowa....................................   828
            Miller, Jacob W.; N.J.................................   859
            Miller, John E.; Ark..................................   806
            Miller, John F.; Calif................................   808
            Miller, Stephen D.; S.C...............................   879
            Miller, Warner; N.Y...................................   862
            Miller, Zell B.; Ga...................................   819
            Millikin, Eugene D.; Colo.............................   811
            Mills, Elijah H.; Mass................................   840
            Mills, Roger Q.; Tex..................................   884
            Milton, John; N.J.....................................   858
            Milton, William H.; Fla...............................   817
            Minton, Sherman; Ind..................................   826
            Mitchel, Charles B.; Ark..............................   807
            Mitchell, George J.; Maine............................   836
            Mitchell, Hugh B.; Wash...............................   892
            Mitchell, John H.; Oreg.............................872, 873
            Mitchell, John I.; Pa.................................   874
            Mitchell, John L.; Wis................................   896
            Mitchell, Stephen M.; Conn............................   813
            Mitchill, Samuel L.; N.Y..............................   862
            Mondale, Walter F.; Minn..............................   845
            Money, Hernando D.; Miss..............................   846
            Monroe, James; Va.....................................   890
            Monroney, A. S. Mike; Okla............................   871
            Montoya, Joseph M.; N. Mex............................   860
            Moody, Blair; Mich....................................   842
            Moody, Gideon C.; S. Dak..............................   881
            Moor, Wyman B. S.; Maine..............................   836
            Moore, A. Harry; N.J..................................   858
            Moore, Andrew; Va...................................890, 891
            Moore, Edward H.; Okla................................   870
            Moore, Gabriel; Ala...................................   801
            Morehead, James T.; Ky................................   832
            Morgan, Edwin D.; N.Y.................................   862
            Morgan, John T.; Ala..................................   800
            Morgan, Robert; N.C...................................   865
            Morrill, David L.; N.H................................   856
            Morrill, Justin S.; Vt................................   889
            Morrill, Lot Myrick; Maine..........................836, 837
            Morris, Gouverneur; N.Y...............................   862
            Morris, Robert; Pa....................................   875
            Morris, Thomas; Ohio..................................   868
            Morrison, Cameron; N.C................................   865
            Morrow, Dwight W.; N.J................................   859
            Morrow, Jeremiah; Ohio................................   869
            Morse, Wayne L.; Oreg.................................   873
            Morton, Jackson; Fla..................................   817
            Morton, Oliver H. P. T.; Ind..........................   827
            Morton, Thruston B.; Ky...............................   833
            Moseley-Braun, Carol; Ill.............................   825
            Moses, George H.; N.H.................................   857
            Moses, John; N. Dak...................................   867
            Moss, Frank E.; Utah..................................   886
            Mouton, Alexander; La.................................   835
            Moynihan, Daniel P.; N.Y..............................   862
            Muhlenberg, John P. G.; Pa............................   875
            Mulkey, Frederick W.; Oreg............................   872
            Mundt, Karl E.; S. Dak................................   880
            Murdock, Abe; Utah....................................   886
            Murkowski, Frank H.; Alaska...........................   803
            Murphy, Edward, Jr.; N.Y..............................   862
            Murphy, George; Calif.................................   808
            Murphy, Maurice J., Jr; N.H...........................   856
            Murphy, Richard Louis; Iowa...........................   829
            Murray, James E.; Mont................................   851
            Murray, Patty; WA.....................................   893
            Muskie, Edmund S.; Maine..............................   836
            Myers, Francis J.; Pa.................................   875
            Myers, Henry L.; Mont.................................   850

                                          N

            Naudain, Arnold; Del..................................   814
            Neely, Matthew M.; W. Va............................894, 895
            Nelson, Arthur E.; Minn...............................   845
            Nelson, Gaylord; Wis..................................   897
            Nelson, Knute; Minn...................................   845
            Nesmith, James W.; Oreg...............................   873
            Neuberger, Maurine B.; Oreg...........................   872
            Neuberger, Richard L.; Oreg...........................   872
            New, Harry S.; Ind....................................   826
            Newberry, Truman H.; Mich.............................   843
            Newlands, Francis G.; Nev.............................   855
            Nickles, Don; Okla....................................   871
            Nicholas, Robert C.; La...............................   834
            Nicholas, Wilson C.; Va...............................   891
            Nicholson, Alfred O. P.; Tenn.......................882, 883
            Nicholson, Samuel D.; Colo............................   811
            Niles, John M.; Conn................................812, 813
            Nixon, George S.; Nev.................................   854
            Nixon, Richard M.; Calif..............................   809
            Noble, James; Ind.....................................   826
            Norbeck, Peter; S. Dak................................   881
            Norris, George W.; Nebr...............................   853
            Norris, Moses, Jr.; N.H...............................   857
            North, William; N.Y...................................   862
            Norton, Daniel S.; Minn...............................   845
            Norvell, John; Mich...................................   843
            Norwood, Thomas M.; Ga................................   818
            Nourse, Amos; Maine...................................   836
            Nugent, John F.; Idaho................................   823
            Nunn, Sam; Ga.........................................   818
            Nye, Gerald P.; N. Dak................................   867
            Nye, James W.; Nev....................................   855

                                          O

            O'Conor, Herbert R.; Md...............................   838
            O'Daniel, W. Lee; Tex.................................   885
            Oddie, Tasker L.; Nev.................................   855
            Ogden, Aaron; N.J.....................................   858
            Oglesby, Richard J.; Ill..............................   825
            O'Gorman, James A.; N.Y...............................   862
            Olcott, Simeon; N.H...................................   856
            Oliver, George T.; Pa.................................   874
            O'Mahoney, Joseph C.; Wyo...........................898, 899
            Osborn, Thomas W.; Fla................................   817
            Otis, Harrison G.; Mass...............................   841
            Overman, Lee S.; N.C..................................   865
            Overton, John H.; La..................................   835
            Owen, Robert L.; Okla.................................   870

                                          P

            Packwood, Robert W.; Oreg.............................   873
            Paddock, Algernon S.; Nebr............................   852
            Page, Carroll S.; Vt..................................   888
            Page, John; N.H.......................................   857
            Paine, Elijah; Vt.....................................   889
            Palmer, John M.; Ill..................................   825
            Palmer, Thomas W.; Mich...............................   843
            Palmer, William A.; Vt................................   889
            Parker, Nahum; N.H....................................   857
            Parker, Richard E.; Va................................   891
            Parris, Albion K.; Maine..............................   836
            Parrott, John F.; N.H.................................   857
            Partridge, Frank C.; Vt...............................   888
            Pasco, Samuel; Fla....................................   816
            Pastore, John O.; R.I.................................   876
            Paterson, William; N.J................................   859
            Patterson, David T.; Tenn.............................   882
            Patterson, James W.; N.H..............................   857
            Patterson, John J.; S.C...............................   879
            Patterson, Roscoe C.; Mo..............................   848
            Patterson, Thomas M.; Colo............................   810
            Patton, John, Jr.; Mich...............................   842
            Payne, Frederick G.; Maine............................   836
            Payne, Henry B.; Ohio.................................   869
            Paynter, Thomas H.; Ky................................   832
            Peace, Roger C.; S.C..................................   878
            Pearce, James A.; Md..................................   839
            Pearson, James B.; Kans...............................   830
            Pease, Henry R.; Miss.................................   846
            Peffer, William A.; Kans..............................   831
            Pell, Claiborne; R.I..................................   877
            Pendleton, George H.; Ohio............................   869
            Pennybacker, Isaac S.; Va.............................   890
            Penrose, Boies; Pa....................................   875
            Pepper, Claude; Fla...................................   817
            Pepper, George W.; Pa.................................   875
            Percy, Charles H.; Ill................................   824
            Percy, Le Roy; Miss...................................   847
            Perkins, Bishop W.; Kans..............................   830
            Perkins, George C.; Calif.............................   809
            Perky, Kirtland I.; Idaho.............................   823
            Pettigrew, Richard F.; S. Dak.........................   880
            Pettit, John; Ind.....................................   827
            Pettus, Edmund W.; Ala................................   801
            Phelan, James D.; Calif...............................   809
            Phelps, Samuel S.; Vt...............................888, 889
            Phipps, Lawrence C.; Colo.............................   810
            Pickens, Israel; Ala..................................   801
            Pickering, Timothy; Mass..............................   841
            Pierce, Franklin; N.H.................................   857
            Pierce, Gilbert A.; N. Dak............................   867
            Pike, Austin F.; N.H..................................   856
            Piles, Samuel H.; Wash................................   892
            Pinckney, Charles; S.C................................   878
            Pine, William B.; Okla................................   870
            Pinkney, William; Md..................................   838
            Pittman, Key; Nev.....................................   854
            Platt, Orville H.; Conn...............................   813
            Platt, Thomas C.; N.Y...............................862, 863
            Pleasants, James; Va..................................   891
            Plumb, Preston B.; Kans...............................   830
            Plumer, William; N.H..................................   857
            Poindexter, George; Miss..............................   847
            Poindexter, Miles; Wash...............................   892
            Poland, Luke P.; Vt...................................   889
            Polk, Trusten; Mo.....................................   848
            Pollock, William P.; S.C..............................   878
            Pomerene, Atlee; Ohio.................................   868
            Pomeroy, Samuel C.; Kans..............................   831
            Pool, John; N.C.......................................   865
            Pope, James P.; Idaho.................................   823
            Pope, John; Ky........................................   833
            Porter, Alexander; La.................................   835
            Porter, Augustus S.; Mich.............................   842
            Posey, Thomas; La.....................................   834
            Potter, Charles E.; Mich..............................   842
            Potter, Samuel J.; R.I................................   876
            Potts, Richard; Md....................................   838
            Powell, Lazarus W.; Ky................................   832
            Power, Thomas C.; Mont................................   851
            Pratt, Daniel D.; Ind.................................   826
            Pratt, Thomas G.; Md..................................   838
            Prentiss, Samuel; Vt..................................   889
            Preston, William C.; S.C..............................   879
            Pressler, Larry; S. Dak...............................   880
            Price, Samuel; W. Va..................................   894
            Prince, Oliver H.; Ga.................................   818
            Pritchard, Jeter C.; N.C..............................   865
            Proctor, Redfield; Vt.................................   888
            Prouty, Winston L.; Vt................................   888
            Proxmire, William; Wis................................   896
            Pryor, David H.; Ark..................................   806
            Pryor, Luke; Ala......................................   801
            Pugh, George E.; Ohio.................................   869
            Pugh, James L.; Ala...................................   801
            Purcell, William E.; N. Dak...........................   867
            Purtell, William A.; Conn...........................812, 813
            Pyle, Miss Gladys; S. Dak.............................   881

                                          Q

            Quarles, Joseph V.; Wis...............................   896
            Quay, Matthew S.; Pa..................................   874
            Quayle, Dan; Ind......................................   827

                                          R

            Radcliffe, George L.; Md..............................   838
            Ralston, Samuel M.; Ind...............................   826
            Ramsey, Alexander; Minn...............................   844
            Randolph, Jennings; W. Va.............................   895
            Randolph, John; Va....................................   890
            Randolph, Theodore F.; N.J............................   858
            Ransdell, Joseph E.; La...............................   834
            Ransom, Matt W.; N.C..................................   864
            Rantoul, Robert; Mass.................................   840
            Rawlins, Joseph L.; Utah..............................   887
            Rawson, Charles A.; Iowa..............................   828
            Rayner, Isidor; Md....................................   838
            Read, George; Del.....................................   814
            Read, Jacob; S.C......................................   879
            Reagan, John H.; Tex..................................   884
            Reames, Alfred E.; Oreg...............................   873
            Reed, Clyde M.; Kans..................................   831
            Reed, David A.; Pa....................................   874
            Reed, Jack; R.I.......................................   877
            Reed, James A.; Mo....................................   848
            Reed, Philip; Md......................................   839
            Reed, Thomas B.; Miss...............................846, 847
            Reid, David S.; N.C...................................   864
            Reid, Harry M.; Nev...................................   855
            Revels, Hiram R.; Miss................................   847
            Revercomb, Chapman; W. Va...........................894, 895
            Reynolds, Robert R.; N.C..............................   865
            Reynolds, Sam W.; Nebr................................   852
            Rhett, R. Barnwell; S.C...............................   878
            Ribicoff, Abraham A.; Conn............................   813
            Rice, Benjamin F.; Ark................................   807
            Rice, Henry M.; Minn..................................   844
            Richardson, Harry A.; Del.............................   815
            Richardson, William A.; Ill...........................   824
            Riddle, George Read; Del..............................   814
            Riddleberger, Harrison H.; Va.........................   891
            Ridgely, Henry M.; Del................................   815
            Riegle, Donald W., Jr., Mich..........................   842
            Rives, William C.; Va...............................890, 891
            Roach, William N.; N. Dak.............................   866
            Roane, William H.; Va.................................   891
            Robb, Charles S.; Va..................................   890
            Robbins, Asher; R.I...................................   876
            Roberts, Jonathan; Pa.................................   874
            Roberts, Pat; Kans....................................   830
            Robertson, A. Willis; Va..............................   891
            Robertson, Edward V.; Wyo.............................   899
            Robertson, Thomas J.; S.C.............................   878
            Robinson, Arthur R.; Ind..............................   826
            Robinson, John M.; Ill................................   824
            Robinson, Jonathan; Vt................................   888
            Robinson, Joseph T.; Ark..............................   806
            Robinson, Moses; Vt...................................   888
            Robsion, John M.; Ky..................................   832
            Rockefeller, John D. IV; W. Va........................   895
            Rockwell, Julius; Mass................................   841
            Rodney, Caesar A.; Del................................   814
            Rodney, Daniel; Del...................................   815
            Rollins, Edward H.; N.H...............................   856
            Root, Elihu; N.Y......................................   863
            Rosier, Joseph; W. Va.................................   895
            Ross, Edmund G.; Kans.................................   830
            Ross, James; Pa.......................................   874
            Ross, Jonathan; Vt....................................   889
            Roth, William V., Jr; Del.............................   814
            Rowan, John; Ky.......................................   833
            Rudman, Warren; N.H...................................   857
            Ruggles, Benjamin; Ohio...............................   868
            Ruggles, John; Maine..................................   837
            Rusk, Thomas J.; Tex..................................   884
            Russell, Donald; S.C..................................   879
            Russell, Richard B.; Ga...............................   818
            Rutherfurd, John; N.J.................................   858

                                          S

            Sabin, Dwight M.; Minn................................   845
            Sackett, Fred M.; Ky..................................   832
            Salinger, Pierre; Calif...............................   808
            Saltonstall, Leverett; Mass...........................   841
            Sanders, Newell; Tenn.................................   883
            Sanders, Wilbur F.; Mont..............................   850
            Sanford, Nathan; N.Y................................862, 863
            Sanford, Terry; N.C...................................   865
            Santorum, Rick; Pa....................................   874
            Sarbanes, Paul S., Md.................................   838
            Sargent, Aaron A.; Calif..............................   809
            Sasser, James R.; Tenn................................   882
            Saulsbury, Eli; Del...................................   815
            Saulsbury, Willard, Jr.; Del..........................   815
            Saulsbury, Willard, Sr.; Del..........................   815
            Saunders, Alvin; Nebr.................................   853
            Sawyer, Frederick A.; S.C.............................   879
            Sawyer, Philetus; Wis.................................   896
            Saxbe, William B.; Ohio...............................   869
            Schall, Thomas D.; Minn...............................   845
            Schmitt, Harrison H.; N. Mex..........................   860
            Schoeppel, Andrew F.; Kans............................   830
            Schumer, Charles E.; N.Y..............................  1002
            Schureman, James; N.J.................................   858
            Schurz, Carl; Mo......................................   848
            Schuyler, Karl C.; Colo...............................   811
            Schuyler, Philip; N.Y.................................   862
            Schwartz, H. H.; Wyo..................................   899
            Schweiker, Richard S.; Pa.............................   875
            Schwellenbach, Lewis B.; Wash.........................   892
            Scott, Hugh; Pa.......................................   874
            Scott, John; Pa.......................................   874
            Scott, Nathan B.; W. Va...............................   894
            Scott, W. Kerr; N.C...................................   864
            Scott, William L.; Va.................................   891
            Scrugham, James G.; Nev...............................   854
            Seaton, Fred A.; Nebr.................................   853
            Sebastian, William K.; Ark............................   806
            Sedgwick, Theodore; Mass..............................   841
            Semple, James; Ill....................................   824
            Sessions, Jeff; Ala...................................   800
            Sevier, Ambrose H.; Ark...............................   807
            Seward, William H.; N.Y...............................   863
            Sewell, William J.; N.J.............................858, 859
            Seymour, Horatio; Vt..................................   888
            Seymour, John; Calif..................................   808
            Shafroth, John F.; Colo...............................   810
            Sharon, William; Nev..................................   854
            Sheafe, James; N.H....................................   857
            Sheffield, William P.; R.I............................   877
            Shelby, Richard C.; Ala...............................   801
            Shepley, Ether; Maine.................................   836
            Sheppard, Morris; Tex.................................   885
            Sherman, John; Ohio.................................868, 869
            Sherman, Lawrence Y.; Ill.............................   825
            Sherman, Roger; Conn..................................   813
              
                                    Ill...........................
                                                                           Shields, James........................................
                                    Minn..........................
                                                                     845
              
                                    Mo............................
                                                                     849
            Shields, John K.; Tenn................................   883
            Shipstead, Henrik; Minn...............................   844
            Shively, Benjamin F.; Ind.............................   827
            Shortridge, Samuel M.; Calif..........................   809
            Shott, Hugh Ike; W. Va................................   895
            Shoup, George Laird; Idaho............................   822
            Silsbee, Nathaniel; Mass..............................   841
            Simmons, Furnifold M.; N.C............................   864
            Simmons, James F.; R.I..............................876, 877
            Simon, Joseph; Oreg...................................   873
            Simon, Paul; Ill......................................   824
            Simpson, Alan K.; Wyo.................................   899
            Simpson, Milward L.; Wyo..............................   899
            Slater, James H.; Oreg................................   873
            Slattery, James M.; Ill...............................   824
            Slidell, John; La.....................................   835
            Smathers, George A.; Fla..............................   817
            Smathers, William H.; N.J.............................   859
            Smith, Benjamin A., II; Mass..........................   840
            Smith, Bob; N.H.......................................   857
            Smith, Daniel; Tenn.................................882, 883
            Smith, Delazon; Oreg..................................   872
            Smith, Ellison D.; S.C................................   879
            Smith, Frank L.; Ill..................................   825
            Smith, Gordon H.; Oreg................................   872
            Smith, H. Alexander; N.J..............................   858
            Smith, Hoke; Ga.......................................   819
            Smith, Israel; Vt.....................................   888
            Smith, James, Jr.; N.J................................   858
            Smith, John; N.Y......................................   863
            Smith, John; Ohio.....................................   868
            Smith, John W.; Md....................................   839
            Smith, Marcus A.; Ariz................................   805
            Smith, Margaret Chase; Maine..........................   837
            Smith, Nathan; Conn...................................   812
            Smith, Oliver H.; Ind.................................   827
            Smith, Perry; Conn....................................   813
            Smith, Ralph Tyler; Ill...............................   825
            Smith, Samuel; Md.....................................   838
            Smith, Truman; Conn...................................   813
            Smith, William; S.C................................ 878, 879
            Smith, William A.; Mich...............................   843
            Smith, Willis; N.C....................................   864
            Smoot, Reed; Utah.....................................   887
            Snowe, Olympia J.; Maine..............................   836
            Soule, Pierre; La...................................834, 835
            Southard, Samuel L.; N.J..............................   858
            Sparkman, John; Ala...................................   800
            Specter, Arlen; Pa....................................   875
            Speight, Jesse; Miss..................................   846
            Spence, John S.; Md...................................   839
            Spencer, George E.; Ala...............................   801
            Spencer, Lloyd; Ark...................................   806
            Spencer, Selden P.; Mo................................   849
            Spong, William B., Jr.; Va............................   891
            Spooner, John C.; Wis.................................   897
            Sprague, Peleg; Maine.................................   837
            Sprague, William; R.I.................................   876
            Sprague, William; R.I.\1\.............................   876
                \1\ Nephew of the preceding.
            Spruance, Presley; Del................................   815
            Squire, Watson C.; Wash...............................   893
            Stafford, Robert T.; Vt...............................   888
            Stanfield, Robert N.; Oreg............................   873
            Stanfill, William A.; Ky..............................   832
            Stanford, Leland; Calif...............................   809
            Stanley, A. Owsley; Ky................................   832
            Stanton, Joseph, Jr.; R.I.............................   877
            Stark, Benjamin; Oreg.................................   872
            Stearns, Ozora P.; Minn...............................   845
            Steck, Daniel F.; Iowa................................   828
            Steiwer, Frederick; Oreg..............................   873
            Stennis, John C.; Miss................................   846
            Stephens, Hubert D.; Miss.............................   846
            Stephenson, Isaac; Wis................................   897
            Sterling, Thomas; S. Dak..............................   880
            Stevens, Ted; Alaska..................................   802
            Stevenson, Adlai E., III; Ill.........................   825
            Stevenson, John W.; Ky................................   832
            Stewart, David; Md....................................   838
            Stewart, David W.; Iowa...............................   829
            Stewart, Donald W.; Ala...............................   801
            Stewart, John W.; Vt..................................   888
            Stewart, Tom; Tenn....................................   883
            Stewart, William M.; Nev..............................   854
            Stockbridge, Francis B.; Mich.........................   842
            Stockton, John P.; N.J..............................858, 859
            Stockton, Richard; N.J................................   859
            Stockton, Robert F.; N.J..............................   858
            Stokes, Montfort; N.C.................................   864
            Stone, David; N.C.....................................   865
            Stone, Richard (Dick); Fla............................   817
            Stone, William J.; Mo.................................   849
            Storer, Clement; N.H..................................   857
            Storke, Thomas M.; Calif..............................   809
            Strange, Robert; N.C..................................   865
            Strong, Caleb; Mass...................................   841
            Stuart, Charles E.; Mich..............................   843
            Sturgeon, Daniel; Pa..................................   874
            Sullivan, Patrick J.; Wyo.............................   899
            Sullivan, William V.; Miss............................   847
            Sumner, Charles; Mass.................................   840
            Sumter, Thomas; S.C...................................   878
            Sutherland, George; Utah..............................   886
            Sutherland, Howard; W. Va.............................   894
            Swanson, Claude A.; Va................................   890
            Swift, Benjamin; Vt...................................   888
            Swift, George R.; Ala.................................   800
            Symington, Stuart; Mo.................................   848
            Symms, Steven D.; Idaho...............................   823

                                          T

            Tabor, Horace A. W.; Colo.............................   810
            Taft, Kingsley A.; Ohio...............................   868
            Taft, Robert A.; Ohio.................................   869
            Taft, Robert, Jr.; Ohio...............................   868
            Taggart, Thomas; Ind..................................   827
            Tait, Charles; Ga.....................................   819
            Talbot, Isham; Ky.....................................   833
            Taliaferro, James P.; Fla.............................   816
            Tallmadge, Nathaniel P.; N.Y..........................   862
            Talmadge, Herman E.; Ga...............................   819
            Tappan, Benjamin; Ohio................................   868
            Tatnal, Josiah; Ga....................................   818
            Taylor, Glen H.; Idaho................................   823
            Taylor, John; S.C.....................................   878
            Taylor, John; Va....................................890, 891
            Taylor, Robert L.; Tenn...............................   883
            Taylor, Waller; Ind...................................   827
            Tazewell, Henry; Va...................................   891
            Tazewell, Littleton W.; Va............................   891
            Teller, Henry M.; Colo..............................810, 811
            Ten Eyck, John C.; N.J................................   859
            Terrell, Joseph M.; Ga................................   819
            Thayer, John M.; Nebr.................................   853
            Thomas, Charles S.; Colo..............................   811
            Thomas, Craig; Wyo....................................   898
            Thomas, Elbert D.; Utah...............................   887
            Thomas, Elmer; Okla...................................   871
            Thomas, Jesse B.; Ill.................................   824
            Thomas, John; Idaho.................................822, 823
            Thompson, Fountain L.; N. Dak.........................   867
            Thompson, Fred; Tenn..................................   883
            Thompson, John B.; Ky.................................   832
            Thompson, Thomas W.; N.H..............................   856
            Thompson, William H.; Kans............................   830
            Thompson, William H.; Nebr............................   852
            Thomson, John R.; N.J.................................   858
            Thornton, John R.; La.................................   835
            Thruston, Buckner; Ky.................................   832
            Thurman, Allen G.; Ohio...............................   868
            Thurmond, Strom; S.C..................................   878
            Thurston, John M.; Nebr...............................   853
            Thye, Edward J.; Minn.................................   844
            Tichenor, Isaac; Vt...................................   888
            Tiffin, Edward; Ohio..................................   869
            Tillman, Benjamin R.; S.C.............................   878
            Tipton, John; Ind.....................................   826
            Tipton, Thomas W.; Nebr...............................   852
            Tobey, Charles W.; N.H................................   857
            Tomlinson, Gideon; Conn...............................   813
            Toombs, Robert; Ga....................................   818
            Torricelli, Robert G.; N.J............................   859
            Toucey, Isaac; Conn...................................   812
            Tower, John G.; Tex...................................   885
            Towne, Charles A.; Minn...............................   844
            Townsend, Charles E.; Mich............................   842
            Townsend, John G., Jr.; Del...........................   814
            Tracy, Uriah; Conn....................................   813
            Trammell, Park; Fla...................................   816
            Trible, Paul S., Jr.; Va..............................   890
            Trimble, William A.; Ohio.............................   869
            Trotter, James F.; Miss...............................   846
            Troup, George M.; Ga..................................   818
            Truman, Harry S.; Mo..................................   848
            Trumbull, Jonathan, Conn..............................   813
            Trumbull, Lyman; Ill..................................   825
            Tsongas, Paul; Mass...................................   841
            Tunnell, James M.; Del................................   814
            Tunney, John V.; Calif................................   808
            Turley, Thomas B.; Tenn...............................   883
            Turner, George; Wash..................................   893
            Turner, James; N.C....................................   864
            Turney, Hopkins L.; Tenn..............................   882
            Turpie, David; Ind....................................   826
            Tydings, Joseph D.; Md................................   838
            Tydings, Millard E.; Md...............................   839
            Tyler, John; Va.......................................   890
            Tyson, Lawrence D.; Tenn..............................   883

                                          U

            Umstead, William B.; N.C..............................   864
            Underwood, Joseph R.; Ky..............................   832
            Underwood, Oscar W.; Ala..............................   801
            Underwood, Thomas R.; Ky..............................   832
            Upham, William; Vt....................................   889
            Upton, Robert W.; N.H.................................   857

                                          V

            Van Buren, Martin; N.Y................................   862
            Vance, Zebulon B.; N.C................................   865
            Vandenberg, Arthur H.; Mich...........................   842
            Van Dyke, Nicholas; Del...............................   815
            Van Nuys, Frederick; Ind..............................   827
            Van Winkle, Peter G.; W. Va...........................   894
            Van Wyck, Charles H.; Nebr............................   852
            Vardaman, James K.; Miss..............................   847
            Vare, William S.; Pa.\1\..............................   875
                \1\ Elected, but was not seated.
            Varnum, Joseph B.; Mass...............................   841
            Venable, Abraham B.; Va...............................   890
            Vest, George G.; Mo...................................   849
            Vickers, George; Md...................................   839
            Vilas, William F.; Wis................................   897
            Vining, John; Del.....................................   815
            Voinovich, George V.; Ohio............................  1005
            Voorhees, Daniel W.; Ind..............................   827

                                          W

            Wade, Benjamin F.; Ohio...............................   868
            Wadleigh, Bainbridge; N.H.............................   857
            Wadsworth, James W., Jr.; N.Y.........................   863
            Waggaman, George A.; La...............................   834
            Wagner, Robert F.; N.Y................................   863
            Walcott, Frederic C.; Conn............................   812
            Wales, John; Del......................................   814
            Walker, Freeman; Ga...................................   818
            Walker, George; Ky....................................   832
            Walker, Isaac P.; Wis.................................   897
            Walker, James D.; Ark.................................   807
            Walker, John; Va......................................   890
            Walker, John W.; Ala..................................   801
            Walker, Robert J.; Miss...............................   847
            Walker, Walter; Colo..................................   811
            Wall, Garret D.; N.J..................................   859
            Wall, James W.; N.J...................................   858
            Wallace, William A.; Pa...............................   874
            Wallgren, Mon C.; Wash................................   892
            Wallop, Malcolm; Wyo..................................   898
            Walsh, Arthur; N.J....................................   858
            Walsh, David I.; Mass...............................840, 841
            Walsh, Patrick; Ga....................................   818
            Walsh, Thomas J.; Mont................................   851
            Walters, Herbert S.; Tenn.............................   883
            Walthall, Edward C.; Miss.............................   847
            Walton, George; Ga....................................   818
            Ward, Matthias; Tex...................................   884
            Ware, Nicholas; Ga....................................   818
            Warner, John W.; Va...................................   891
            Warner, Willard; Ala..................................   800
            Warner, William; Mo...................................   848
            Warren, Francis E.; Wyo.............................898, 899
            Washburn, William B.; Mass............................   840
            Washburn, William D.; Minn............................   845
            Waterman, Charles W.; Colo............................   811
            Watkins, Arthur V.; Utah..............................   886
            Watson, Clarence W.; W. Va............................   895
            Watson, James; N.Y....................................   862
            Watson, James E.; Ind.................................   827
            Watson, Thomas E.; Ga.................................   819
            Webb, William R.; Tenn................................   883
            Webster, Daniel; Mass.................................   840
            Weeks, John W.; Mass..................................   841
            Weeks, Sinclair; Mass.................................   841
            Weicker, Lowell P., Jr.; Conn.........................   812
            Welch, Adonijah S.; Fla...............................   816
            Welker, Herman; Idaho.................................   823
            Weller, John B.; Calif................................   808
            Weller, Ovington E.; Md...............................   839
            Wellington, George L.; Md.............................   839
            Wells, John S.; N.H...................................   857
            Wells, William H.; Del................................   815
            Wellstone, Paul J.; Minn..............................   845
            West, J. Rodman; La...................................   834
            West, William S.; Ga..................................   818
            Westcott, James D., Jr.; Fla..........................   817
            Wetmore, George P.; R.I...............................   877
            Wharton, Jesse; Tenn..................................   883
            Wheeler, Burton K.; Mont..............................   850
            Wherry, Kenneth S.; Nebr..............................   853
            Whitcomb, James; Ind..................................   827
            White, Albert S.; Ind.................................   826
            White, Edward D.; La..................................   835
            White, Francis S.; Ala................................   801
            White, Hugh L.; Tenn..................................   883
            White, Samuel; Del....................................   814
            White, Stephen M.; Calif..............................   808
            White, Wallace H., Jr.; Maine.........................   837
            Whiteside, Jenkin; Tenn...............................   883
            Whitthorne, Washington C.; Tenn.......................   882
            Whyte, William P.; Md...............................838, 839
            Wigfall, Louis T.; Tex................................   884
            Wilcox, Leonard; N.H..................................   857
            Wiley, Alexander; Wis.................................   897
            Wilfley, Xenophon P.; Mo..............................   849
            Wilkins, William; Pa..................................   875
            Wilkinson, Morton S.; Minn............................   845
            Willey, Calvin; Conn..................................   813
            Willey, Waitman T.....................................
                                    Va............................
                                                                     890
              
                                    W. Va.........................
                                                                     895
            Williams, Abram P.; Calif.............................   808
            Williams, George H.; Mo...............................   849
            Williams, George H.; Oreg.............................   872
            Williams, Harrison A., Jr.; N.J.......................   858
            Williams, Jared W.; N.H...............................   856
            Williams, John; Tenn..................................   883
            Williams, John J.; Del................................   814
            Williams, John S.; Ky.................................   833
            Williams, John S.; Miss...............................   846
            Williams, Reuel; Maine................................   836
            Williams, Thomas Hickman; Miss........................   846
            Williams, Thomas Hill; Miss...........................   847
            Williamson, Ben M.; Ky................................   832
            Willis, Frank B.; Ohio................................   869
            Willis, Raymond E.; Ind...............................   826
            Wilmot, David; Pa.....................................   874
            Wilson, Ephraim K.; Md................................   839
            Wilson, George A.; Iowa...............................   828
            Wilson, Henry; Mass...................................   841
            Wilson, James F.; Iowa................................   828
            Wilson, James J.; N.J.................................   858
            Wilson, John L.; Wash.................................   892
            Wilson, Pete; Calif...................................   808
            Wilson, Robert; Mo....................................   849
            Windom, William; Minn.................................   845
            Wingate, Paine; N.H...................................   856
            Winthrop, Robert C.; Mass.............................   840
            Wirth, Timothy E.; Colo...............................   811
            Withers, Garrett L.; Ky...............................   833
            Withers, Robert E.; Va................................   890
            Wofford, Harris; Pa...................................   874
            Wofford, Thomas A.; S.C...............................   878
            Wolcott, Edward O.; Colo..............................   810
            Wolcott, Josiah O.; Del...............................   814
            Woodbridge, William; Mich.............................   843
            Woodbury, Levi; N.H.................................856, 857
            Works, John D.; Calif.................................   808
            Worthington, Thomas; Ohio...........................868, 869
            Wright, George G.; Iowa...............................   828
            Wright, Joseph A.; Ind................................   826
            Wright, Robert; Md....................................   839
            Wright, Silas, Jr.; N.Y...............................   863
            Wright, William; N.J................................858, 859
            Wyden, Ron; Oreg......................................   873
            Wyman, Louis C.; N.H..................................   857

                                          Y

            Yarborough, Ralph; Tex................................   884
            Yates, Richard; Ill...................................   824
            Young, Lafayette; Iowa................................   828
            Young, Milton R.; N. Dak..............................   867
            Young, Richard M.; Ill................................   825
            Young, Stephen M.; Ohio...............................   868
            Yulee, David L.; Fla................................816, 817

                                          Z

            Zorinsky, Edward; Nebr................................   852
                  electoral votes for president and vice president

                  electoral votes for president and vice president

                  electoral votes for president and vice president

[902]

            [902]
                                                                   [902]

                                        [901]

                  ELECTORAL VOTES FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT

            901

                                                         ELECTION FOR THE FIRST TERM, 1789-1793
                                                George Washington, President; John Adams, Vice President
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name of candidate                     Conn.     Del.     Ga.      Md.     Mass.     N.H.     N.J.     Pa.      S.C.     Va.     Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
George Washington, Esq...............................        7        3        5        6       10        5        6       10        7       10       69
John Adams, Esq......................................        5  .......  .......  .......       10        5        1        8  .......        5       34
Samuel Huntington, Esq...............................        2  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......        2
John Jay, Esq........................................  .......        3  .......  .......  .......  .......        5  .......  .......        1        9
John Hancock, Esq....................................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......        2        1        1        4
Robert H. Harrison, Esq..............................  .......  .......  .......        6  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......        6
George Clinton, Esq..................................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......        3        3
John Rutledge, Esq...................................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......        6  .......        6
John Milton, Esq.....................................  .......  .......        2  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......        2
James Armstrong, Esq.................................  .......  .......        1  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......        1
Edward Telfair, Esq..................................  .......  .......        1  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......        1
Benjamin Lincoln, Esq................................  .......  .......        1  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......        1
      Total electoral vote...........................        7        3        5        6       10        5        6       10        7       10       69
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[902]

            [902]
                                                                   [902]

            902

                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE SECOND TERM, 1793-1797
                                                                    George Washington, President; John Adams, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Name of candidate                  Conn.     Del.     Ga.      Ky.      Md.     Mass.     N.H.     N.J.     N.Y.     N.C.     Pa.      R.I.     S.C.     Vt.      Va.     Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
George Washington, of Virginia..................        9        3        4        4        8       16        6        7       12       12       15        4        8        3       21      132
John Adams, of Massachusetts....................        9        3  .......  .......        8       16        6        7  .......  .......       14        4        7        3  .......       77
George Clinton, of New York.....................  .......  .......        4  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......       12       12        1  .......  .......  .......       21       50
Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia...................  .......  .......  .......        4  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......        4
Aaron Burr, of New York.........................  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......        1  .......  .......        1
      Total electoral vote......................        9        3        4        4        8       16        6        7       12       12       15        4        8        3       21      132
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [903]
                                                                   [903]

            903

                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE THIRD TERM, 1797-1801
                                                                     John Adams, President; Thomas Jefferson, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Name of candidate                          Conn.     Del.    Ga.    Ky.    Md.    Mass.    N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.   Pa.    R.I.   S.C.   Tenn.    Vt.    Va.    Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
John Adams, of Massachusetts...................................        9        3  .....  .....      7       16      6      7     12      1      1      4  .....  .......      4      1       71
Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia..................................  .......  .......      4      4      4  .......  .....  .....  .....     11     14  .....      8        3  .....     20       68
Thomas Pinckney, of South Carolina.............................        4        3  .....  .....      4       13  .....      7     12      1      2  .....      8  .......      4      1       59
Aaron Burr, of New York........................................  .......  .......  .....      4      3  .......  .....  .....  .....      6     13  .....  .....        3  .....      1       30
Samuel Adams, of Massachusetts.................................  .......  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....     15       15
O. Ellsworth, of Connecticut...................................  .......  .......  .....  .....  .....        1      6  .....  .....  .....  .....      4  .....  .......  .....  .....       11
John Jay, of New York..........................................        5  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....        5
George Clinton, of New York....................................  .......  .......      4  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....      3        7
S. Johnston, of North Carolina.................................  .......  .......  .....  .....  .....        2  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....        2
James Iredell, of North Carolina...............................  .......  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....      3  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....        3
George Washington, of Virginia.................................  .......  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....      1  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....      1        2
C. C. Pinckney, of South Carolina..............................  .......  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....      1  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....        1
John Henry, of Maryland........................................  .......  .......  .....  .....      2  .......  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....        2
      Total electoral vote.....................................        9        3      4      4     10       16      6      7     12     12     15      4      8        3      4     21      138
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


            [904]
                                                                   [904]

            904

                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE FOURTH TERM, 1801-1805
                                                                     Thomas Jefferson, President; Aaron Burr, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Name of candidate                          Conn.     Del.    Ga.    Ky.    Md.    Mass.    N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.   Pa.    R.I.   S.C.   Tenn.    Vt.    Va.    Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia..................................  .......  .......      4      4      5  .......  .....  .....     12      8      8  .....      8        3  .....     21      *73
Aaron Burr, of New York........................................  .......  .......      4      4      5  .......  .....  .....     12      8      8  .....      8        3  .....     21      *73
John Adams, of Massachusetts...................................        9        3  .....  .....      5       16      6      7  .....      4      7      4  .....  .......      4  .....       65
Charles C. Pinckney, of South Carolina.........................        9        3  .....  .....      5       16      6      7  .....      4      7      3  .....  .......      4  .....       64
John Jay, of New York..........................................  .......  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....      1  .....  .......  .....  .....        1
      Total electoral vote.....................................        9        3      4      4     10       16      6      7     12     12     15      4      8        3      4     21      138
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*There being no choice for President by the people, the election devolved upon the House of Representatives, and February 17, 1801, Thomas Jefferson was chosen by the votes of ten States, to
  four for Aaron Burr, and two blank.

            [905]
                                                                   [905]

            905

                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE FIFTH TERM, 1805-1809
                                                                   Thomas Jefferson, President; George Clinton, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Name of candidate                     Conn.     Del.    Ga.    Ky.    Md.    Mass.    N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.    Ohio    Pa.    R.I.   S.C.   Tenn.    Vt.    Va.    Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia.....................  .......  .......      6      8      9       19      7      8     19     14        3     20      4     10        5      6     24      162
    Charles C. Pinckney, of South Carolina............        9        3  .....  .....      2  .......  .....  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....       14
                                                       =========================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    George Clinton, of New York.......................  .......  .......      6      8      9       19      7      8     19     14        3     20      4     10        5      6     24      162
    Rufus King, of New York...........................        9        3  .....  .....      2  .......  .....  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....       14
                                                       =========================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote............................        9        3      6      8     11       19      7      8     19     14        3     20      4     10        5      6     24      176
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


            [906]
                                                                   [906]

            906

                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE SIXTH TERM, 1809-1813
                                                                    James Madison, President; George Clinton, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Name of candidate                     Conn.     Del.    Ga.    Ky.    Md.    Mass.    N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.    Ohio    Pa.    R.I.   S.C.   Tenn.    Vt.    Va.    Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    James Madison, of Virginia........................  .......  .......      6      7      9  .......  .....      8     13     11        3     20  .....     10        5      6     24      122
    George Clinton, of New York.......................  .......  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....      6  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....        6
    Charles C. Pinckney, of South Carolina............        9        3  .....  .....      2       19      7  .....  .....      3  .......  .....      4  .....  .......  .....  .....       47
                                                       =========================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    George Clinton, of New York.......................  .......  .......      6      7      9  .......  .....      8     13     11  .......     20  .....     10        5  .....     24      113
    James Madison, of Virginia........................  .......  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....      3  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....        3
    James Monroe, of Virginia.........................  .......  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....      3  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....        3
    John Langdon, of New Hampshire....................  .......  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .....        3  .....  .....  .....  .......      6  .....        9
    Rufus King, of New York...........................        9        3  .....  .....      2       19      7  .....  .....      3  .......  .....      4  .....  .......  .....  .....       47
                                                       =========================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote............................        9        3      6      7     11       19      7      8     19     14        3     20      4     10        5      6     24      175
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [907]
                                                                   [907]

            907

                                                                            ELECTION FOR THE SEVENTH TERM, 1813-1817
                                                                    James Madison, President; Elbridge Gerry, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Name of candidate              Conn.   Del.     Ga.     Ky.     La.     Md.    Mass.   N.H.    N.J.    N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio     Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn.    Vt.     Va.    Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    James Madison, of Virginia..........  ......  ......       8      12       3       6  ......  ......  ......  ......      15       7      25  ......      11       8       8      25     128
    De Witt Clinton, of New York........       9       4  ......  ......  ......       5      22       8       8      29  ......  ......  ......       4  ......  ......  ......  ......      89
                                         =======================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts....  ......  ......       8      12       3       6       2       1  ......  ......      15       7      25  ......      11       8       8      25     131
    Jared Ingersoll, of Pennsylvania....       9       4  ......  ......  ......       5      20       7       8      29  ......  ......  ......       4  ......  ......  ......  ......      86
                                         =======================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..............       9       4       8      12       3      11      22       8       8      29      15       7      25       4      11       8       8      25     217
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


            [908]
                                                                   [908]

            908

                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE EIGHTH TERM, 1817-1821
                                                                   James Monroe, President; Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Name of candidate          Conn.   Del.     Ga.    Ind.     Ky.     La.     Md.    Mass.   N.H.    N.J.    N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio     Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn.    Vt.     Va.    Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    James Monroe, of Virginia...  ......  ......       8       3      12       3       8  ......       8       8      29      15       8      25       4      11       8       8      25     183
    Rufus King, of New York.....       9       3  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      22  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      34
                                 ===============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Daniel D. Tompkins, of New    ......  ......       8       3      12       3       8  ......       8       8      29      15       8      25       4      11       8       8      25     183
     York.......................
    John E. Howard, of Maryland.  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      22  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      22
    James Ross, of Pennsylvania.       5  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       5
    John Marshall, of Virginia..       4  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       4
    Robert G. Harper, of          ......       3  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       3
     Maryland...................
                                 ===============================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote......       9       3       8       3      12       3       8      22       8       8      29      15       8      25       4      11       8       8      25     217
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [909]
                                                                   [909]

            909

                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE NINTH TERM, 1821-1825
                                                                   James Monroe, President; Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Name of candidate               Ala.  Conn.  Del.  Ga.  Ill.  Ind.  Ky.  La.  Maine  Md.  Mass.  Miss.  Mo.  N.H.  N.J.  N.Y.  N.C.  Ohio  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.  Tenn.  Vt.  Va.  Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    James Monroe, of Virginia...............     3     9      4    8     3     3   12    3     9    11    15      2     3     7     8    29    15     8   24     4    11     7     8   25   231
    John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts.....  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...     1  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...     1
                                             ===================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York.........     3     9   ....    8     3     3   12    3     9    10     7      2     3     7     8    29    15     8   24     4    11     7     8   25   218
    Richard Stockton, of New Jersey.........  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...     8   .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...     8
    Robert G. Harper, of Maryland...........  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....    1  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...     1
    Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania...........  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...     1  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...     1
    Daniel Rodney, of Delaware..............  ....  .....     4  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...     4
                                             ===================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..................     3     9      4    8     3     3   12    3     9    11    15      3     3     8     8    29    15     8   25     4    11     8     8   25  *235
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The whole number of electors appointed was 235, but one elector from each of the States of Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Mississippi, having died, the number of votes actually cast was 232.

            [910]
                                                                   [910]

            910

                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE TENTH TERM, 1825-1829
                                                                  John Quincy Adams, President; John C. Calhoun, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Name of candidate               Ala.  Conn.  Del.  Ga.  Ill.  Ind.  Ky.  La.  Maine  Md.  Mass.  Miss.  Mo.  N.H.  N.J.  N.Y.  N.C.  Ohio  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.  Tenn.  Vt.  Va.  Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee............     5  .....  ....  ...     2     5  ...    3  .....    7  .....     3   ...  ....     8     1    15  ....   28  ....    11    11   ...  ...   *99
    John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts.....  ....     8      1  ...     1  ....  ...    2     9     3    15   .....  ...     8  ....    26  ....  ....  ...     4  ....  .....    7  ...   *84
    William H. Crawford, of Georgia.........  ....  .....     2    9  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....    1  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....     5  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...   24    41
    Henry Clay, of Kentucky.................  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....   14  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....    3  ....  ....     4  ....    16  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...    37
                                             ===================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina......     5  .....     1  ...     3     5    7    5     9    10    15      3   ...     7     8    29    15  ....   28     3    11    11     7  ...   182
    Nathan Sanford, of New York.............  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....    7  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....     7  ....    16  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...    30
    Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina......  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...   24    24
    Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee............  ....     8   ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....    1  .....  .....    3     1  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...    13
    Martin Van Buren, of New York...........  ....  .....  ....    9  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...     9
    Henry Clay, of Kentucky.................  ....  .....     2  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...     2
                                             ===================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..................     5     8      3    9     3     5   14    5     9    11    15      3     3     8     8    36    15    16   28     4    11    11     7   24   261
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*No choice for President having been made by the people, the election devolved upon the House of Representatives, and John Quincy Adams was elected, receiving the votes of thirteen States to
  seven for Andrew Jackson and four for William H. Crawford.

            [911]
                                                                   [911]

            911

                                                                            ELECTION FOR THE ELEVENTH TERM, 1829-1833
                                                                   Andrew Jackson, President; John C. Calhoun, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Name of candidate               Ala.  Conn.  Del.  Ga.  Ill.  Ind.  Ky.  La.  Maine  Md.  Mass.  Miss.  Mo.  N.H.  N.J.  N.Y.  N.C.  Ohio  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.  Tenn.  Vt.  Va.  Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee............     5  .....  ....    9     3     5   14    5     1     5  .....     3     3  ....  ....    20    15    16   28  ....    11    11   ...   24   178
    John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts.....  ....     8      3  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...     8     6    15   .....  ...     8     8    16  ....  ....  ...     4  ....  .....    7  ...    83
                                             ===================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina......     5  .....  ....    2     3     5   14    5     1     5  .....     3     3  ....  ....    20    15    16   28  ....    11    11   ...   24   171
    Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania...........  ....     8      3  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...     8     6    15   .....  ...     8     8    16  ....  ....  ...     4  ....  .....    7  ...    83
    William Smith, of South Carolina........  ....  .....  ....    7  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...     7
                                             ===================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..................     5     8      3    9     3     5   14    5     9    11    15      3     3     8     8    36    15    16   28     4    11    11     7   24   261
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


            [912]
                                                                   [912]

            912

                                                                            ELECTION FOR THE TWELFTH TERM, 1833-1837
                                                                   Andrew Jackson, President; Martin Van Buren, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Name of candidate               Ala.  Conn.  Del.  Ga.  Ill.  Ind.  Ky.  La.  Maine  Md.  Mass.  Miss.  Mo.  N.H.  N.J.  N.Y.  N.C.  Ohio  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.  Tenn.  Vt.  Va.  Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee............     7  .....  ....   11     5     9  ...    5    10     3  .....     4     4     7     8    42    15    21   30  ....  ....    15   ...   23   219
    Henry Clay, of Kentucky.................  ....     8      3  ...  ....  ....   15  ...  .....    5    14   .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...     4  ....  .....  ...  ...    49
    John Floyd, of Virginia.................  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....    11  .....  ...  ...    11
    William Wirt, of Maryland...............  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....    7  ...     7
                                             ===================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Martin Van Buren, of New York...........     7  .....  ....   11     5     9  ...    5    10     3  .....     4     4     7     8    42    15    21  ...  ....  ....    15   ...   23   189
    John Sergeant, of Pennsylvania..........  ....     8      3  ...  ....  ....   15  ...  .....    5    14   .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...     4  ....  .....  ...  ...    49
    William Wilkins, of Pennsylvania........  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....   30  ....  ....  .....  ...  ...    30
    Henry Lee, of Massachusetts.............  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....    11  .....  ...  ...    11
    Amos Ellmaker, of Pennsylvania..........  ....  .....  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  .....  ...  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ....  ....  ....  ...  ....  ....  .....    7  ...     7
                                             ===================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..................     7     8      3   11     5     9   15    5    10    *8    14      4     4     7     8    42    15    21   30     4    11    15     7   23   286
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Two votes were not given in Maryland.

            [913]
                                                                   [913]

            913

                                                                                               ELECTION FOR THE THIRTEENTH TERM, 1837-1841
                                                                                     Martin Van Buren, President; Richard M. Johnson, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Name of candidate                  Ala.   Ark.   Conn.  Del.  Ga.  Ill.  Ind.  Ky.  La.   Maine   Md.    Mass.   Mich.   Miss.  Mo.   N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.   Ohio   Pa.    R.I.   S.C.   Tenn.   Vt.    Va.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Martin Van Buren, of New York..............      7      3       8  ....  ...     5  ....  ...    5      10  .....  ......       3       4    4      7  .....     42     15  .....     30      4  .....  ......  .....     23     170
    William H. Harrison, of Ohio...............  .....  .....  ......     3  ...  ....     9   15  ...  ......     10  ......  ......  ......  ...  .....      8  .....  .....     21  .....  .....  .....  ......      7  .....      73
    Hugh L. White, of Tennessee................  .....  .....  ......  ....   11  ....  ....  ...  ...  ......  .....  ......  ......  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....      15  .....  .....      26
    Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts...........  .....  .....  ......  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  ......  .....      14  ......  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....      14
    Willie P. Mangum, of North Carolina........  .....  .....  ......  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  ......  .....  ......  ......  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     11  ......  .....  .....      11
                                                ========================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky............      7      3       8  ....  ...     5  ....  ...    5      10  .....  ......       3       4    4      7  .....     42     15  .....     30      4  .....  ......  .....  .....    *147
    Francis Granger, of New York...............  .....  .....  ......     3  ...  ....     9   15  ...  ......  .....      14  ......  ......  ...  .....      8  .....  .....     21  .....  .....  .....  ......      7  .....     *77
    John Tyler, of Virginia....................  .....  .....  ......  ....   11  ....  ....  ...  ...  ......     10  ......  ......  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     11      15  .....  .....      47
    William Smith, of Alabama..................  .....  .....  ......  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  ......  .....  ......  ......  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....     23      23
                                                ========================================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.....................      7      3       8     3   11     5     9   15    5      10     10      14       3       4    4      7      8     42     15     21     30      4     11      15      7     23     294
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*There being no choice for Vice President by the people, the election devolved upon the Senate of the United States. Richard M. Johnson received 33 votes and Francis Granger 16 votes. Richard M. Johnson was thereupon declared
  elected Vice President.

            [914]
                                                                   [914]

            914

                                                                                               ELECTION FOR THE FOURTEENTH TERM, 1841-1845
                                                                                     William Henry Harrison,* President; John Tyler, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Name of candidate                     Ala.  Ark.   Conn.  Del.  Ga.  Ill.  Ind.  Ky.  La.   Maine  Md.  Mass.  Mich.  Miss.  Mo.   N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.   Ohio   Pa.    R.I.   S.C.   Tenn.  Vt.   Va.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    William H. Harrison, of Ohio........................  ....  ....       8     3   11  ....     9   15    5      10   10     14      3      4  ...  .....      8     42     15     21     30      4  .....      15    7  .....     234
    Martin Van Buren, of New York.......................     7     3  ......  ....  ...     5  ....  ...  ...  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....    4      7  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     11  ......  ...     23      60
                                                         ===============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    John Tyler, of Virginia.............................  ....  ....       8     3   11  ....     9   15    5      10   10     14      3      4  ...  .....      8     42     15     21     30      4  .....      15    7  .....     234
    R. M. Johnson, of Kentucky..........................     7     3  ......  ....  ...     5  ....  ...  ...  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....    4      7  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  ......  ...     22      48
    L. W. Tazewell, of Virginia.........................  ....  ....  ......  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....  ...  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     11  ......  ...  .....      11
    James K. Polk, of Tennessee.........................  ....  ....  ......  ....  ...  ....  ....  ...  ...  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....  ...  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  ......  ...      1       1
                                                         ===============================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..............................     7     3       8     3   11     5     9   15    5      10   10     14      3      4    4      7      8     42     15     21     30      4     11      15    7     23     294
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*William Henry Harrison, ninth President of the United States, died at Washington, April 4, 1841. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon John Tyler, Vice President, he accordingly took the oath of
  office April 6, 1841.


            [915]
                                                                   [915]

            915

                                                                                               ELECTION FOR THE FIFTEENTH TERM, 1845-1849
                                                                                       James K. Polk, President; George M. Dallas, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Name of candidate                   Ala.   Ark.   Conn.  Del.  Ga.  Ill.  Ind.  Ky.  La.   Maine   Md.    Mass.   Mich.   Miss.  Mo.   N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.   Ohio   Pa.   R.I.*   S.C.   Tenn.  Vt.   Va.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    James K. Polk, of Tennessee..................      9      3  ......  ....   10     9    12  ...    6       9  .....  ......       5       6    7      6  .....     36  .....  .....     26  .....      9  ......  ...     17     170
    Henry Clay, of Kentucky......................  .....  .....       6     3  ...  ....  ....   12  ...  ......      8      12  ......  ......  ...  .....      7  .....     11     23  .....      4  .....      13    6  .....     105
                                                  ======================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania............      9      3  ......  ....   10     9    12  ...    6       9  .....  ......       5       6    7      6  .....     36  .....  .....     26  .....      9  ......  ...     17     170
    Theodore Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey........  .....  .....       6     3  ...  ....  ....   12  ...  ......      8      12  ......  ......  ...  .....      7  .....     11     23  .....      4  .....      13    6  .....     105
                                                  ======================================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.......................      9      3       6     3   10     9    12   12    6       9      8      12       5       6    7      6      7     36     11     23     26      4      9      13    6     17     275
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*And Providence Plantations.

            [916]
                                                                   [916]

            916

                                                       ELECTION FOR THE SIXTEENTH TERM, 1849-1853
                                              Zachary Taylor,* President; Millard Fillmore, Vice President
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Name of candidate           Ala.   Ark.   Conn.   Del.   Fla.   Ga.    Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Ky.    La.    Maine    Md.    Mass.   Mich.   Miss.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana.  .....  .....       6      3      3     10  .....  .....  ......     12      6  ......       8      12  ......  ......
    Lewis Cass, of Michigan......      9      3  ......  .....  .....  .....      9     12       4  .....  .....       9  ......  ......       5       6
                                  ======================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Millard Fillmore, of New York  .....  .....       6      3      3     10  .....  .....  ......     12      6  ......       8      12  ......  ......
    W. O. Butler, of Kentucky....      9      3  ......  .....  .....  .....      9     12       4  .....  .....       9  ......  ......       5       6
                                  ======================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.......      9      3       6      3      3     10      9     12       4     12      6       9       8      12       5       6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Name of candidate             Mo.    N.H.    N.J.    N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio    Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn.   Tex.   Vt.    Va.    Wis.   Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana......  .....  ......       7      36      11  .....      26       4  ......      13  .....      6  .....  .....     163
    Lewis Cass, of Michigan...........      7       6  ......  ......  ......     23  ......  ......       9  ......      4  .....     17      4     127
                                       =================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Millard Fillmore, of New York.....  .....  ......       7      36      11  .....      26       4  ......      13  .....      6  .....  .....     163
    W. O. Butler, of Kentucky.........      7       6  ......  ......  ......     23  ......  ......       9  ......      4  .....     17      4     127
                                       =================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote............      7       6       7      36      11     23      26       4       9      13      4      6     17      4     290
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Zachary Taylor, twelfth President of the United States, died at Washington, July 9, 1850. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this
  event, upon the Vice President, Millard Fillmore, he accordingly took the oath of office July 10, 1850.

            [917]
                                                                   [917]

            917

                                                                          ELECTION FOR THE SEVENTEENTH TERM, 1853-1857
                                                                   Franklin Pierce, President; William R. King, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Name of candidate                          Ala.    Ark.   Calif.   Conn.   Del.    Fla.     Ga.    Ill.    Ind.    Iowa     Ky.     La.    Maine    Md.    Mass.   Mich.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire...........................       9       4       4       6       3       3      10      11      13       4  ......       6       8       8  ......       6
    Winfield Scott, of New Jersey...............................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12  ......  ......  ......      13  ......
                                                                 ===============================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    William R. King, of Alabama.................................       9       4       4       6       3       3      10      11      13       4  ......       6       8       8  ......       6
    William A. Graham, of North Carolina........................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12  ......  ......  ......      13  ......
                                                                 ===============================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote......................................       9       4       4       6       3       3      10      11      13       4      12       6       8       8      13       6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Name of candidate                          Miss.    Mo.    N.H.    N.J.    N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio     Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn.   Tex.     Vt.     Va.    Wis.    Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire...........................       7       9       5       7      35      10      23      27       4       8  ......       4  ......      15       5     254
    Winfield Scott, of New Jersey...............................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12  ......       5  ......  ......      42
                                                                 ===============================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    William R. King, of Alabama.................................       7       9       5       7      35      10      23      27       4       8  ......       4  ......      15       5     254
    William A. Graham, of North Carolina........................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12  ......       5  ......  ......      42
                                                                 ===============================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote......................................       7       9       5       7      35      10      23      27       4       8      12       4       5      15       5     296
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [918]
                                                                   [918]

            918

                                                                           ELECTION FOR THE EIGHTEENTH TERM, 1857-1861
                                                                 James Buchanan, President; John C. Breckinridge, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Name of candidate                          Ala.    Ark.   Calif.   Conn.   Del.    Fla.     Ga.    Ill.    Ind.    Iowa     Ky.     La.    Maine    Md.    Mass.   Mich.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania.............................       9       4       4  ......       3       3      10      11      13  ......      12       6  ......  ......  ......  ......
    John C. Fremont, of California..............................  ......  ......  ......       6  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       4  ......  ......       8  ......      13       6
    Millard Fillmore, of New York...............................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       8  ......  ......
                                                                 ===============================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky...........................       9       4       4  ......       3       3      10      11      13  ......      12       6  ......  ......  ......  ......
    William L. Dayton, of New Jersey............................  ......  ......  ......       6  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       4  ......  ......       8  ......      13       6
    Andrew J. Donelson, of Tennessee............................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       8  ......  ......
                                                                 ===============================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote......................................       9       4       4       6       3       3      10      11      13       4      12       6       8       8      13       6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Name of candidate                          Miss.    Mo.    N.H.    N.J.    N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio     Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn    Tex.     Vt.     Va.    Wis.    Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania.............................       7       9  ......       7  ......      10  ......      27  ......       8      12       4  ......      15  ......     174
    John C. Fremont, of California..............................  ......  ......       5  ......      35  ......      23  ......       4  ......  ......  ......       5  ......       5     114
    Millard Fillmore, of New York...............................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       8
                                                                 ===============================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky...........................       7       9  ......       7  ......      10  ......      27  ......       8      12       4  ......      15  ......     174
    William L. Dayton, of New Jersey............................  ......  ......       5  ......      35  ......      23  ......       4  ......  ......  ......       5  ......       5     114
    Andrew J. Donelson, of Tennessee............................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       8
                                                                 ===============================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote......................................       7       9       5       7      35      10      23      27       4       8      12       4       5      15       5     296
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [919]
                                                                   [919]

            919

                                                                           ELECTION FOR THE NINETEENTH TERM, 1861-1865
                                                                   Abraham Lincoln, President; Hannibal Hamlin, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Name of candidate                      Ala.    Ark.   Calif.   Conn.   Del.    Fla.     Ga.    Ill.    Ind.    Iowa     Ky.     La.    Maine    Md.    Mass.   Mich.   Minn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois........................  ......  ......       4       6  ......  ......  ......      11      13       4  ......  ......       8  ......      13       6       4
    John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky...................       9       4  ......  ......       3       3      10  ......  ......  ......  ......       6  ......       8  ......  ......  ......
    John Bell, of Tennessee.............................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......
    Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois.....................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......
                                                         =======================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine...........................  ......  ......       4       6  ......  ......  ......      11      13       4  ......  ......       8  ......      13       6       4
    Joseph Lane, of Oregon..............................       9       4  ......  ......       3       3      10  ......  ......  ......  ......       6  ......       8  ......  ......  ......
    Edward Everett, of Massachusetts....................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......
    Herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia.....................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......
                                                         =======================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..............................       9       4       4       6       3       3      10      11      13       4      12       6       8       8      13       6       4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Name of candidate                      Miss.    Mo.    N.H.    N.J.    N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio    Oreg.    Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn.   Texas    Vt.     Va.    Wis.    Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois........................  ......  ......       5       4      35  ......      23       3      27       4  ......  ......  ......       5  ......       5     180
    John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky...................       7  ......  ......  ......  ......      10  ......  ......  ......  ......       8  ......       4  ......  ......  ......      72
    John Bell, of Tennessee.............................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12  ......  ......      15  ......      39
    Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois.....................  ......       9  ......       3  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12
                                                         =======================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine...........................  ......  ......       5       4      35  ......      23       3      27       4  ......  ......  ......       5  ......       5     180
    Joseph Lane, of Oregon..............................       7  ......  ......  ......  ......      10  ......  ......  ......  ......       8  ......       4  ......  ......  ......      72
    Edward Everett, of Massachusetts....................  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12  ......  ......      15  ......      39
    Herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia.....................  ......       9  ......       3  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12
                                                         =======================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..............................       7       9       5       7      35      10      23       3      27       4       8      12       4       5      15       5     303
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [920]
                                                                   [920]

            920

                                                                           ELECTION FOR THE TWENTIETH TERM, 1865-1869
                                                                   Abraham Lincoln,* President; Andrew Johnson, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Name of candidate              Ala.    Ark.   Calif.   Conn.   Del.    Fla.     Ga.    Ill.    Ind.    Iowa    Kans.    Ky.     La.    Maine    Md.    Mass.   Mich.   Minn.   Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois........  ......  ......       5       6  ......  ......  ......      16      13       8       3  ......  ......       7       7      12       8       4  ......
    George B. McClellan, of New Jersey..  ......  ......  ......  ......       3  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      11  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......
                                         =======================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee........  ......  ......       5       6  ......  ......  ......      16      13       8       3  ......  ......       7       7      12       8       4  ......
    George H. Pendleton, of Ohio........  ......  ......  ......  ......       3  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      11  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......
                                         =======================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..............  ......  ......       5       6       3  ......  ......      16      13       8       3      11  ......       7       7      12       8       4  ......
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Name of candidate                   Mo.    Nev.    N.H.    N.J.    N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio    Oreg.    Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn.   Tex.     Vt.     Va.   W. Va.   Wis.    Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois................      11       2       5  ......      33  ......      21       3      26       4  ......  ......  ......       5  ......       5       8     212
    George B. McClellan, of New Jersey..........  ......  ......  ......       7  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      21
                                                 ===============================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee................      11       2       5  ......      33  ......      21       3      26       4  ......  ......  ......       5  ......       5       8     212
    George H. Pendleton, of Ohio................  ......  ......  ......       7  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      21
                                                 ===============================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote......................      11       2       5       7      33  ......      21       3      26       4  ......  ......  ......       5  ......       5       8     233
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth President of the United States, was shot by an assassin on the night of April 14, 1865, and died the following morning. The duties of the Presidential office
  devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Andrew Johnson, he accordingly took the oath of office April 15, 1865.

            [921]
                                                                   [921]

            921

                                                                          ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST TERM, 1869-1873
                                                                  Ulysses S. Grant, President; Schuyler Colfax, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Name of candidate           Ala.   Ark.   Calif.   Conn.    Del.   Fla.   Ga.    Ill.   Ind.    Iowa    Kans.    Ky.    La.    Maine    Md.    Mass.    Mich.    Minn.    Miss.    Mo.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois.      8      5        5        6  .....      3  .....     16     13        8        3  .....  .....        7  .....       12        8        4  .......     11
    Horatio Seymour, of New York..  .....  .....  .......  .......      3  .....      9  .....  .....  .......  .......     11      7  .......      7  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....
                                   =============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Schuyler Colfax, of Indiana...      8      5        5        6  .....      3  .....     16     13        8        3  .....  .....        7  .....       12        8        4  .......     11
    Francis P. Blair, Jr., of       .....  .....  .......  .......      3  .....      9  .....  .....  .......  .......     11      7  .......      7  .......  .......  .......  .......  .....
     Missouri.....................
                                   =============================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote........      8      5        5        6      3      3      9     16     13        8        3     11      7        7      7       12        8        4  .......     11
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                                                              Total,     Total,
                                                                                                                                                                            excluding  including
            Name of candidate               Nebr.    Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.    Ohio    Oreg.    Pa.    R.I.   S.C.   Tenn.    Tex.   Vt.    Va.    W. Va.   Wis.   vote of    vote of
                                                                                                                                                                             Georgia    Georgia
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois........        3      3      5  .....  .....      9       21  .......     26      4      6       10  .....      5  .....        5      8        214        214
    Horatio Seymour, of New York.........  .......  .....  .....      7     33  .....  .......        3  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....         71         80
                                          ======================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Schuyler Colfax, of Indiana..........        3      3      5  .....  .....      9       21  .......     26      4      6       10  .....      5  .....        5      8        214        214
    Francis P. Blair, Jr., of Missouri...  .......  .....  .....      7     33  .....  .......        3  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....         71         80
                                          ======================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote...............        3      3      5      7     33      9       21        3     26      4      6       10  .....      5  .....        5      8        285         29
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [922]
                                                                   [922]

            922

                                                                         ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-SECOND TERM, 1873-1877
                                                                   Ulysses S. Grant, President; Henry Wilson,* Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Name of candidate              Ala.    Ark.   Calif.   Conn.   Del.    Fla.     Ga.    Ill.    Ind.    Iowa    Kans.    Ky.     La.    Maine    Md.    Mass.   Mich.   Minn.   Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois.......      10  ......       6       6       3       4  ......      21      15      11       5  ......  ......       7  ......      13      11       5       8
    Horace Greeley, of New York.........  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  (By resolution of the House, 3 votes cast for Horace Greeley were not counted.

            [922]
                                                                   [922]

                                           

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Name of candidate               Mo.    Nebr.   Nev.    N.H.    N.J.    N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio    Oreg.    Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn.   Tex.     Vt.     Va.   W. Va.   Wis.    Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois.......  ......       3       3       5       9      35      10      22       3      29       4       7  ......  ......       5      11       5      10     286
    Horace Greeley, of New York.........  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......
    B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri.........       8  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      18
    Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana.....       6  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12       8  ......  ......  ......  ......      42
    Charles J. Jenkins, of Georgia......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       2
    David Davis, of Illinois............       1  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       1
                                         =======================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts......  ......       3       3       5       9      35      10      22       3      29       4       7  ......  ......       5      11       5      10     286
    B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri.........       6  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......      12       8  ......  ......  ......  ......      47
    N. P. Banks, of Massachusetts.......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       1
    George W. Julian, of Indiana........       5  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       5
    Alfred H. Colquitt, of Georgia......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       5
    John M. Palmer, of Illinois.........       3  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       3
    Thomas E. Bramlette, of Kentucky....  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       3
    William S. Groesbeck, of Ohio.......       1  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       1
    Willis B. Machen, of Kentucky.......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......  ......       1
                                         =======================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..............      15       3       3       5       9      35      10      22       3      29       4       7      12       8       5      11       5      10     352
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [923]
                                                                   [923]

            923

                                                                          ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-THIRD TERM, 1877-1881
                                                               Rutherford B. Hayes, President; William A. Wheeler, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Name of candidate           Ala.   Ark.   Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.   Fla.   Ga.    Ill.    Ind.     Iowa   Kans.   Ky.     La.    Maine    Md.     Mass.    Mich.    Minn.   Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Rutherford B. Hayes, of Ohio..  .....  .....        6        3  .....  .....      4  .....     21  .......       11      5  .....        8      7  .......       13       11        5  .....
    Samuel J. Tilden, of New York.     10      6  .......  .......      6      3  .....     11  .....       15  .......  .....     12  .......  .....        8  .......  .......  .......      8
                                   =============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    William A. Wheeler, of New      .....  .....        6        3  .....  .....      4  .....     21  .......       11      5  .....        8      7  .......       13       11        5  .....
     York.........................
    Thomas A. Hendricks, of            10      6  .......  .......      6      3  .....     11  .....       15  .......  .....     12  .......  .....        8  .......  .......  .......      8
     Indiana......................
                                   =============================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote........     10      6        6        3      6      3      4     11     21       15       11      5     12        8      7        8       13       11        5      8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Name of candidate                  Mo.    Nebr.    Nev.    N.H.    N.J.   N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio    Oreg.   Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn.    Tex.  Vt.  Va.   W. Va.   Wis.   Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Rutherford B. Hayes, of Ohio...............  .....        3       3       5  .....  ......  ......      22       3     29       4       7  .......  .....    5  ...  .......     10      185
    Samuel J. Tilden, of New York..............     15  .......  ......  ......      9      35      10  ......  ......  .....  ......  ......       12      8  ...   11        5  .....      184
                                                ================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    William A. Wheeler, of New York............  .....        3       3       5  .....  ......  ......      22       3     29       4       7  .......  .....    5  ...  .......     10      185
    Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana............     15  .......  ......  ......      9      35      10  ......  ......  .....  ......  ......       12      8  ...   11        5  .....      184
                                                ================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.....................     15        3       3       5      9      35      10      22       3     29       4       7       12      8    5   11        5     10      369
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [924]
                                                                   [924]

            924

                                                                         ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-FOURTH TERM, 1881-1885
                                                                James A. Garfield,* President; Chester A. Arthur, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Name of candidate           Ala.   Ark.   Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.   Fla.   Ga.    Ill.    Ind.     Iowa   Kans.   Ky.     La.    Maine    Md.     Mass.    Mich.    Minn.   Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    James A. Garfield, of Ohio....  .....  .....        1        3      6  .....  .....  .....     21       15       11      5  .....  .......      7  .......       13       11        5  .....
    Winfield S. Hancock, of            10      6        5  .......  .....      3      4     11  .....  .......  .......  .....     12        8  .....        8  .......  .......  .......      8
     Pennsylvania.................
                                   =============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Chester A. Arthur, of New York  .....  .....        1        3      6  .....  .....  .....     21       15       11      5  .....  .......      7  .......       13       11        5  .....
    William H. English, of Indiana     10      6        5  .......  .....      3      4     11  .....  .......  .......  .....     12        8  .....        8  .......  .......  .......      8
                                   =============================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote........     10      6        6        3      6      3      4     11     21       15       11      5     12        8      7        8       13       11        5      8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Name of candidate                  Mo.    Nebr.    Nev.    N.H.    N.J.   N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio    Oreg.   Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn.    Tex.  Vt.  Va.   W. Va.   Wis.   Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    James A. Garfield, of Ohio.................  .....        3  ......       5  .....      35  ......      22       3     29       4  ......  .......  .....    5  ...  .......     10      214
    Winfield S. Hancock, of Pennsylvania.......     15  .......       3  ......      9  ......      10  ......  ......  .....  ......       7       12      8  ...   11        5  .....  155
                                                ================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Chester A. Arthur, of New York.............  .....        3  ......       5  .....      35  ......      22       3     29       4  ......  .......  .....    5  ...  .......     10      214
    William H. English, of Indiana.............     15  .......       3  ......      9  ......      10  ......  ......  .....  ......       7       12      8  ...   11        5  .....  155
                                                ================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.....................     15        3       3       5      9      35      10      22       3     29       4       7       12      8    5   11        5     10      369
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*James A. Garfield, the twentieth President of the United States, was shot by an assassin July 2, 1881, and died from the effects of his wounds September 19, 1881. The duties of the
  Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Chester A. Arthur, he accordingly took the oath of office in New York City, September 20, 1881, and again formally took
  the oath of office at Washington, September 22, 1881.

The vote of Georgia, cast on the 8th of December, second Wednesday of the month, if not counted would reduce this total to 144.

            [925]
                                                                   [925]

            925

                                                                          ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-FIFTH TERM, 1885-1889
                                                                Grover Cleveland, President; Thomas A. Hendricks,* Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Name of candidate           Ala.   Ark.   Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.   Fla.   Ga.    Ill.    Ind.     Iowa   Kans.   Ky.     La.    Maine    Md.     Mass.    Mich.    Minn.   Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Grover Cleveland, of New York.     10      7  .......  .......      6      3      4     12  .....       15  .......  .....     13        8  .....        8  .......  .......  .......      9
    James G. Blaine, of Maine.....  .....  .....        8        3  .....  .....  .....  .....     22  .......       13      9  .....  .......      6  .......       14       13        7  .....
                                   =============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Thomas A. Hendricks, of            10      7  .......  .......      6      3      4     12  .....       15  .......  .....     13        8  .....        8  .......  .......  .......      9
     Indiana......................
    John A. Logan, of Illinois....  .....  .....        8        3  .....  .....  .....  .....     22  .......       13      9  .....  .......      6  .......       14       13        7  .....
                                   =============================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote........     10      7        8        3      6      3      4     12     22       15       13      9     13        8      6        8       14       13        7      9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Name of candidate                  Mo.    Nebr.    Nev.    N.H.    N.J.   N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio    Oreg.   Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn.    Tex.  Vt.  Va.   W. Va.   Wis.   Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Grover Cleveland, of New York..............     16  .......  ......  ......      9      36      11  ......  ......  .....  ......       9       12     13  ...   12        6  .....      219
    James G. Blaine, of Maine..................  .....        5       3       4  .....  ......  ......      23       3     30       4  ......  .......  .....    4  ...  .......     11      182
                                                ================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana............     16  .......  ......  ......      9      36      11  ......  ......  .....  ......       9       12     13  ...   12        6  .....      219
    John A. Logan, of Illinois.................  .....        5       3       4  .....  ......  ......      23       3     30       4  ......  .......  .....    4  ...  .......     11      182
                                                ================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.....................     16        5       3       4      9      36      11      23       3     30       4       9       12     13    4   12        6     11      401
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Thomas A. Hendricks died at Indianapolis, Ind., Nov. 25, 1885, aged 66 years.

            [926]
                                                                   [926]

            926

                                                                          ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-SIXTH TERM, 1889-1893
                                                                  Benjamin Harrison, President; Levi P. Morton, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Name of candidate           Ala.   Ark.   Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.   Fla.   Ga.    Ill.    Ind.     Iowa   Kans.   Ky.     La.    Maine    Md.     Mass.    Mich.    Minn.   Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Benjamin Harrison, of Indiana.  .....  .....        8        3  .....  .....  .....  .....     22       15       13      9  .....  .......      6  .......       14       13        7  .....
    Grover Cleveland, of New York.     10      7  .......  .......      6      3      4     12  .....  .......  .......  .....     13        8  .....        8  .......  .......  .......      9
                                   =============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Levi P. Morton, of New York...  .....  .....        8        3  .....  .....  .....  .....     22       15       13      9  .....  .......      6  .......       14       13        7  .....
    Allen G. Thurman, of Ohio.....     10      7  .......  .......      6      3      4     12  .....  .......  .......  .....     13        8  .....        8  .......  .......  .......      9
                                   =============================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote........     10      7        8        3      6      3      4     12     22       15       13      9     13        8      6        8       14       13        7      9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Name of candidate                  Mo.    Nebr.    Nev.    N.H.    N.J.   N.Y.    N.C.    Ohio    Oreg.   Pa.    R.I.    S.C.    Tenn.    Tex.  Vt.  Va.   W. Va.   Wis.   Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Benjamin Harrison, of Indiana..............  .....        5       3       4  .....      36  ......      23       3     30       4  ......  .......  .....    4  ...  .......     11      233
    Grover Cleveland, of New York..............     16  .......  ......  ......      9  ......      11  ......  ......  .....  ......       9       12     13  ...   12        6  .....      168
                                                ================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Levi P. Morton, of New York................  .....        5       3       4  .....      36  ......      23       3     30       4  ......  .......  .....    4  ...  .......     11      233
    Allen G. Thurman, of Ohio..................     16  .......  ......  ......      9  ......      11  ......  ......  .....  ......       9       12     13  ...   12        6  .....      168
                                                ================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.....................     16        5       3       4      9      36      11      23       3     30       4       9       12     13    4   12        6     11      401
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [927]
                                                                   [927]

            927

                                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-SEVENTH TERM, 1893-1897
                                                                                     Grover Cleveland, President; Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Name of candidate                         Ala.   Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.   Fla.   Ga.    Idaho   Ill.   Ind.   Iowa   Kans.   Ky.    La.    Maine    Md.   Mass.  Mich.   Minn.  Miss.    Mo.    Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Grover Cleveland, of New York............................     11      8       8  ......       6      3      4     13  ......     24     15  .....  ......     13      8  ......       8  .....      5  ......      9      17  ......
    Benjamin Harrison, of Indiana............................  .....  .....       1  ......  ......  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....     13  ......  .....  .....       6  ......     15      9       9  .....  ......       3
    James B. Weaver, of Iowa.................................  .....  .....  ......       4  ......  .....  .....  .....       3  .....  .....  .....      10  .....  .....  ......  ......  .....  .....  ......  .....  ......  ......
                                                              ==========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Adlai E. Stevenson, of Illinois..........................     11      8       8  ......       6      3      4     13  ......     24     15  .....  ......     13      8  ......       8  .....      5  ......      9      17  ......
    Whitelaw Reid, of New York...............................  .....  .....       1  ......  ......  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....     13  ......  .....  .....       6  ......     15      9       9  .....  ......       3
    James G. Field, of Virginia..............................  .....  .....  ......       4  ......  .....  .....  .....       3  .....  .....  .....      10  .....  .....  ......  ......  .....  .....  ......  .....  ......  ......
                                                              ==========================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote...................................     11      8       9       4       6      3      4     13       3     24     15     13      10     13      8       6       8     15     14       9      9      17       3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                 N.                                           S.
                         Name of candidate                           Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.   Dak.    Ohio    Oreg.   Pa.    R.I.   S.C.   Dak.    Tenn.   Tex.   Vt.    Va.    Wash.    W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Grover Cleveland, of New York.................................  ......  .....  .....     10     36     11       1       1  ......  .....  .....      9  ......      12     15  .....     12  .......        6     12  ......     277
    Benjamin Harrison, of Indiana.................................       8  .....      4  .....  .....  .....       1      22       3     32      4  .....       4  ......  .....      4  .....        4  .......  .....       3     145
    James B. Weaver, of Iowa......................................  ......      3  .....  .....  .....  .....       1  ......       1  .....  .....  .....  ......  ......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .......  .....  ......      22
                                                                   =====================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Adlai E. Stevenson, of Illinois...............................  ......  .....  .....     10     36     11       1       1  ......  .....  .....      9  ......      12     15  .....     12  .......        6     12  ......     277
    Whitelaw Reid, of New York....................................       8  .....      4  .....  .....  .....       1      22       3     32      4  .....       4  ......  .....      4  .....        4  .......  .....       3     145
    James G. Field, of Virginia...................................  ......      3  .....  .....  .....  .....       1  ......       1  .....  .....  .....  ......  ......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .......  .....  ......      22
                                                                   =====================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote........................................       8      3      4     10     36     11       3      23       4     32      4      9       4      12     15      4     12        4        6     12       3     444
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [928]
                                                                   [928]

            928

                                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-EIGHTH TERM, 1897-1901
                                                                                     William McKinley, President; Garret A. Hobart,* Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     Name of candidate                        Ala.   Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.   Fla.   Ga.    Idaho   Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.   Ky.    La.    Maine    Md.    Mass.   Mich.   Minn.   Miss.   Mo.   Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    William McKinley, of Ohio..............................  .....  .....       8  ......       6      3  .....  .....  ......     24     15      13  ......     12  .....        6      8      15      14       9  ......  .....  .....
    William J. Bryan, of Nebraska..........................     11      8       1       4  ......  .....      4     13       3  .....  .....  ......      10      1      8  .......  .....  ......  ......  ......       9     17      3
                                                            ============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Garret A. Hobart, of New Jersey........................  .....  .....       8  ......       6      3  .....  .....  ......     24     15      13  ......     12  .....        6      8      15      14       9  ......  .....  .....
    Arthur Sewall, of Maine................................     11      5       1       4  ......  .....      4     13       3  .....  .....  ......      10      1      4  .......  .....  ......  ......  ......       9     13      2
    Thomas E. Watson, of Georgia...........................  .....      3  ......  ......  ......  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....  ......  ......  .....      4  .......  .....  ......  ......  ......  ......      4      1
                                                            ============================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.................................     11      8       9       4       6      3      4     13       3     24     15      13      10     13      8        6      8      15      14       9       9     17      3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                           N.                                           S.
                      Name of candidate                        Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.   Dak.    Ohio    Oreg.   Pa.    R.I.   S.C.   Dak.    Tenn.   Tex.   Utah    Vt.    Va.    Wash.   W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.   Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    William McKinley, of Ohio...............................  ......  .....      4     10     36  .....       3      23       4     32      4  .....  ......  ......  .....  ......      4  .....  ......        6     12  .....     271
    William J. Bryan, of Nebraska...........................       8      3  .....  .....  .....     11  ......  ......  ......  .....  .....      9       4      12     15       3  .....     12       4  .......  .....      3     176
                                                             ===========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Garret A. Hobart, of New Jersey.........................  ......  .....      4     10     36  .....       3      23       4     32      4  .....  ......  ......  .....  ......      4  .....  ......        6     12  .....     271
    Arthur Sewall, of Maine.................................       4      3  .....  .....  .....      6  ......  ......  ......  .....  .....      9       2      12     15       2  .....     12       2  .......  .....      2     149
    Thomas E. Watson, of Georgia............................       4  .....  .....  .....  .....      5  ......  ......  ......  .....  .....  .....       2  ......  .....       1  .....  .....       2  .......  .....      1      27
                                                             ===========================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..................................       8      3      4     10     36     11       3      23       4     32      4      9       4      12     15       3      4     12       4        6     12      3     447
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Garret A. Hobart died at Paterson, N.J., Nov. 21, 1899, aged 55 years.

            [929]
                                                                   [929]

            929

                                                                                              ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-NINTH TERM, 1901-1905
                                                                                    William McKinley,* President; Theodore Roosevelt, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     Name of candidate                        Ala.   Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.   Fla.   Ga.    Idaho   Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.   Ky.    La.    Maine   Md.    Mass.   Mich.   Minn.   Miss.   Mo.    Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    William McKinley, of Ohio..............................  .....  .....       9  ......       6      3  .....  .....  ......     24     15      13      10  .....  .....       6      8      15      14       9  ......  .....  ......
    William J. Bryan, of Nebraska..........................     11      8  ......       4  ......  .....      4     13       3  .....  .....  ......  ......     13      8  ......  .....  ......  ......  ......       9     17       3
                                                            ============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Theodore Roosevelt, of New York........................  .....  .....       9  ......       6      3  .....  .....  ......     24     15      13      10  .....  .....       6      8      15      14       9  ......  .....  ......
    Adlai E. Stevenson, of Illinois........................     11      8  ......       4  ......  .....      4     13       3  .....  .....  ......  ......     13      8  ......  .....  ......  ......  ......       9     17       3
                                                            ============================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.................................     11      8       9       4       6      3      4     13       3     24     15      13      10     13      8       6      8      15      14       9       9     17       3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                             N.                                         S.
                       Name of candidate                         Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.   Dak.   Ohio   Oreg.   Pa.    R.I.   S.C.   Dak.   Tenn.   Tex.   Utah    Vt.    Va.    Wash.    W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.   Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    William McKinley, of Ohio..................................      8  .....      4     10     36  .....      3     23       4     32      4  .....       4  .....  .....       3      4  .....        4        6     12      3     292
    William J. Bryan, of Nebraska..............................  .....      3  .....  .....  .....     11  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....      9  ......     12     15  ......  .....     12  .......  .......  .....  .....     155
                                                                ========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Theodore Roosevelt, of New York............................      8  .....      4     10     36  .....      3     23       4     32      4  .....       4  .....  .....       3      4  .....        4        6     12      3     292
    Adlai E. Stevenson, of Illinois............................  .....      3  .....  .....  .....     11  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....      9  ......     12     15  ......  .....     12  .......  .......  .....  .....     155
                                                                ========================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.....................................      8      3      4     10     36     11      3     23       4     32      4      9       4     12     15       3      4     12        4        6     12      3     447
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*William McKinley, the twenty-fourth President of the United States, was shot by an assassin Sept. 6, 1901, and died Sept. 14, 1901. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Theodore
  Roosevelt, he accordingly took the oath of office at Buffalo, N.Y., on Sept. 14, 1901.

            [930]
                                                                   [930]

            930

                                                                                               ELECTION FOR THE THIRTIETH TERM, 1905-1909
                                                                                 Theodore Roosevelt, President; Charles Warren Fairbanks, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     Name of candidate                        Ala.   Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.   Fla.   Ga.    Idaho   Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.   Ky.    La.    Maine   Md.    Mass.   Mich.   Minn.   Miss.   Mo.    Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Theodore Roosevelt, of New York........................  .....  .....      10       5       7      3  .....  .....       3     27     15      13      10  .....  .....       6      1      16      14      11  ......     18       3
    Alton B. Parker, of New York...........................     11      9  ......  ......  ......  .....      5     13  ......  .....  .....  ......  ......     13      9  ......      7  ......  ......  ......      10  .....  ......
                                                            ============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Charles W. Fairbanks, of Indiana.......................  .....  .....      10       5       7      3  .....  .....       3     27     15      13      10  .....  .....       6      1      16      14      11  ......     18       3
    Henry G. Davis, of West Virginia.......................     11      9  ......  ......  ......  .....      5     13  ......  .....  .....  ......  ......     13      9  ......      7  ......  ......  ......      10  .....  ......
                                                            ============================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.................................     11      9      10       5       7      3      5     13       3     27     15      13      10     13      9       6      8      16      14      11      10     18       3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                            N.                                          S.
                       Name of candidate                        Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.   Dak.   Ohio   Oreg.   Pa.    R.I.   S.C.    Dak.   Tenn.   Tex.   Utah    Vt.     Va.    Wash.  W. Va.   Wis.    Wyo.   Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Theodore Roosevelt, of New York...........................      8      3      4     12     39  .....      4     23       4     34      4  ......       4  .....  .....       3      4  ......       5       7      13      3     336
    Alton B. Parker, of New York..............................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     12  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....       9  ......     12     18  ......  .....      12  ......  ......  ......  .....     140
                                                               =========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Charles W. Fairbanks, of Indiana..........................      8      3      4     12     39  .....      4     23       4     34      4  ......       4  .....  .....       3      4  ......       5       7      13      3     336
    Henry G. Davis, of West Virginia..........................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     12  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....       9  ......     12     18  ......  .....      12  ......  ......  ......  .....     140
                                                               =========================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote....................................      8      3      4     12     39     12      4     23       4     34      4       9       4     12     18       3      4      12       5       7      13      3     476
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [931]
                                                                   [931]

            931

                                                                                              ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-FIRST TERM, 1909-1913
                                                                               William Howard Taft, President; James Schoolcraft Sherman,* Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Name of candidate                           Ala.   Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.    Del.   Fla.  Ga.   Idaho   Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.   Ky.   La.   Maine   Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    William H. Taft, of Ohio......................................  .....  .....      10  ......        7      3  .....  ...        3    27     15      13      10  .....  ...        6    2      16      14      11  .....   18       3
    William J. Bryan, of Nebraska.................................     11      9  ......       5  .......  .....      5   13  .......  ....  .....  ......  ......     13    9  .......    6  ......  ......  ......     10  ...  ......
                                                                   =====================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    James S. Sherman, of New York.................................  .....  .....      10  ......        7      3  .....  ...        3    27     15      13      10  .....  ...        6    2      16      14      11  .....   18       3
    John W. Kern, of Indiana......................................     11      9  ......       5  .......  .....      5   13  .......  ....  .....  ......  ......     13    9  .......    6  ......  ......  ......     10  ...  ......
                                                                   =====================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote........................................     11      9      10       5        7      3      5   13        3    27     15      13      10     13    9        6    8      16      14      11     10   18       3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     Name of candidate                       Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.  N.J.   N.Y.   N.C.   N. Dak.   Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.  Pa.   R.I.   S.C.   S. Dak.   Tenn.   Tex.   Utah   Vt.  Va.   Wash.   W. Va.  Wis.   Wyo.   Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    William H. Taft, of Ohio..............................  ......  .....      4    12     39  .....         4     23  .....      4   34      4  .....         4  ......  .....       3    4  ...       5        7    13      3      321
    William J. Bryan, of Nebraska.........................       8      3  .....  ....  .....     12  ........  .....      7  .....  ...  .....      9  ........      12     18  ......  ...   12  ......  .......  ....  .....      162
                                                           =============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    James S. Sherman, of New York.........................  ......  .....      4    12     39  .....         4     23  .....      4   34      4  .....         4  ......  .....       3    4  ...       5        7    13      3      321
    John W. Kern, of Indiana..............................       8      3  .....  ....  .....     12  ........  .....      7  .....  ...  .....      9  ........      12     18  ......  ...   12  ......  .......  ....  .....      162
                                                           =============================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote................................       8      3      4    12     39     12         4     23      7      4   34      4      9         4      12     18       3    4   12       5        7    13      3      483
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*James S. Sherman died at Utica, N.Y., Oct. 30, 1912, aged 57 years.

            [932]
                                                                   [932]

            932

                                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-SECOND TERM, 1913-1917
                                                                                    Woodrow Wilson, President; Thomas Riley Marshall, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Name of candidate                       Ala.  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.  Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Idaho  Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine   Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.   Neb.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Woodrow Wilson, of New Jersey...........................    12      3     9       2       6       7     3     6   14       4    29     15      13      10   13   10        6    8      18  ......  ......     10   18       4      8
    Theodore Roosevelt, of New York.........................  ....  .....  ....      11  ......  ......  ....  ....  ...  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...  .......  ...  ......      15      12  .....  ...  ......  .....
    William H. Taft, of Ohio................................  ....  .....  ....  ......  ......  ......  ....  ....  ...  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...  .......  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......  .....
                                                             ===========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Thomas R. Marshall, of Indiana..........................    12      3     9       2       6       7     3     6   14       4    29     15      13      10   13   10        6    8      18  ......  ......     10   18       4      8
    Hiram W. Johnson, of California.........................  ....  .....  ....      11  ......  ......  ....  ....  ...  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...  .......  ...  ......      15      12  .....  ...  ......  .....
    Nicholas M. Butler,* of New York........................  ....  .....  ....  ......  ......  ......  ....  ....  ...  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...  .......  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......  .....
                                                             ===========================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..................................    12      3     9      13       6       7     3     6   14       4    29     15      13      10   13   10        6    8      18      15      12     10   18       4      8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                         N.                    N.                                            S.
                        Name of candidate                          Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   Mex.    N.Y.   N.C.   Dak.   Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.   Pa.   R.I.  S.C.  Dak.   Tenn.   Tex.   Utah   Vt.   Va.  Wash.   W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.   Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Woodrow Wilson, of New Jersey...............................      3      4     14       3     45     12      5     24     10      5  .....     5     9  ....      12     20  .....  .....   12  .....        8     13      3     435
    Theodore Roosevelt, of New York.............................  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     38  ....  ....     5  ......  .....  .....  .....  ...     7   .......  .....  .....      88
    William H. Taft, of Ohio....................................  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  ....  ....  ....  ......  .....      4      4  ...  .....  .......  .....  .....       8
                                                                 =======================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:                                               .....
    Thomas R. Marshall, of Indiana..............................      3      4     14       3     45     12      5     24     10      5  .....     5     9  ....      12     20  .....  .....   12  .....        8     13      3     435
    Hiram W. Johnson, of California.............................  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     38  ....  ....     5  ......  .....  .....  .....  ...     7   .......  .....  .....      88
    Nicholas M. Butler,* of New York............................  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  ....  ....  ....  ......  .....      4      4  ...  .....  .......  .....  .....       8
                                                                 =======================================================================================================================================================================
        Total electoral vote....................................      3      4     14       3     45     12      5     24     10      5     38     5     9     5      12     20      4      4   12     7         8     13      3     531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*After the election, was selected to receive the electoral votes of the States of Utah and Vermont owing to the death of James S. Sherman.

            [933]
                                                                   [933]

            933

                                                                                              ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-THIRD TERM, 1917-1921
                                                                                    Woodrow Wilson, President; Thomas Riley Marshall, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Name of candidate                    Ala.   Ariz.   Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.   Fla.   Ga.    Idaho   Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.   Ky.    La.    Maine   Md.    Mass.   Mich.   Minn.   Miss.   Mo.    Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Woodrow Wilson, of New Jersey..................     12       3      9      13       6  ......  .....      6     14       4  .....  .....  ......      10     13     10  ......      8  ......  ......  ......      10     18       4
    Charles E. Hughes, of New York.................  .....  ......  .....  ......  ......       7      3  .....  .....  ......     29     15      13  ......  .....  .....       6  .....      18      15      12  ......  .....  ......
                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:                                                                                                                                                                                                               ......
    Thomas R. Marshall, of Indiana.................     12       3      9      13       6  ......  .....      6     14       4  .....  .....  ......      10     13     10  ......      8  ......  ......  ......      10     18       4
    Charles W. Fairbanks, of Indiana...............  .....  ......  .....  ......  ......       7      3  .....  .....  ......     29     15      13  ......  .....  .....  ......      6      18      15      12  ......  .....  ......
                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.........................     12       3      9      13       6       7      3      6     14       4     29     15      13      10     13     10       6      8      18      15      12      10     18       4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                              N.                    N.                                                 S.
              Name of Candidate                 Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   Mex.    N.Y.   N.C.   Dak.    Ohio    Okla.   Oreg.  Pa.   R.I.   S.C.   Dak.    Tenn.   Tex.   Utah    Vt.    Va.    Wash.   W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Woodrow Wilson, of New Jersey............       8      3      4  .....       3  .....     12       5      24      10  ......  ...  .....      9  ......      12     20       4  .....     12       7        1  .....       3     277
    Charles E. Hughes, of New York...........  ......  .....  .....     14  ......     45  .....  ......  ......  ......       5   38      5  .....       5  ......  .....  ......      4  .....  ......        7     13  ......     254
                                              ==========================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Thomas R. Marshall, of Indiana...........       8      3      4  .....       3  .....     12       5      24      10  ......  ...  .....      9  ......      12     20       4  .....     12       7        1  .....       3     277
    Charles W. Fairbanks, of Indiana.........  ......  .....  .....     14  ......     45  .....  ......  ......  ......       5   38      5  .....       5  ......  .....  ......      4  .....  ......        7     13  ......     254
                                              ==========================================================================================================================================================================================
    Total electoral vote.....................       8      3      4     14       3     45     12       5      24      10       5   38      5      9       5      12     20       4      4     12       7        8     13       3     531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [934]
                                                                   [934]

            934

                                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-FOURTH TERM, 1921-1925
                                                                                     Warren G. Harding,* President; Calvin Coolidge, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     Name of candidate                      Ala.  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.  Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Idaho  Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine   Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.   Nebr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Warren G. Harding, of Ohio............................  ....      3  ....      13       6       7     3  ....  ...       4    29     15      13      10  ...  ...        6    8      18      15      12  .....   18       4        8
    James M. Cox, of Ohio.................................    12  .....     9  ......  ......  ......  ....     6   14  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......   13   10  .......  ...  ......  ......  ......     10  ...  ......  .......
                                                           =============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Calvin Coolidge, of Massachusetts.....................  ....      3  ....      13       6       7     3  ....  ...       4    29     15      13      10  ...  ...        6    8      18      15      12  .....   18       4        8
    Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York....................    12  .....     9  ......  ......  ......  ....     6   14  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......   13   10  .......  ...  ......  ......  ......     10  ...  ......  .......
                                                           =============================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote................................    12      3     9      13       6       7     3     6   14       4    29     15      13      10   13   10        6    8      18      15      12     10   18       4        8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Name of candidate                      Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   N. Mex.   N.Y.   N.C.   N. Dak.   Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.   S. Dak.   Tenn.   Tex.   Utah   Vt.  Va.   Wash.   W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Warren G. Harding, of Ohio..........................      3      4     14         3     45  .....         5     24     10      5   38     5  ....         5      12  .....       4    4  ...       7        8     13       3     404
    James M. Cox, of Ohio...............................  .....  .....  .....  ........  .....     12  ........  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....     9  ........  ......     20  ......  ...   12  ......  .......  .....  ......     127
                                                         ===============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Calvin Coolidge, of Massachusetts...................      3      4     14         3     45  .....         5     24     10      5   38     5  ....         5      12  .....       4    4  ...       7        8     13       3     404
    Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York..................  .....  .....  .....  ........  .....     12  ........  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....     9  ........  ......     20  ......  ...   12  ......  .......  .....  ......     127
                                                         ===============================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..............................      3      4     14         3     45     12         5     24     10      5   38     5     9         5      12     20       4    4   12       7        8     13       3     531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Warren G. Harding, the twenty-eighth President of the United States, died on Aug. 2, 1923. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Calvin Coolidge, he accordingly took the oath of
  office at Plymouth, Vt., on Aug. 3, 1923.

            [935]
                                                                   [935]

            935

                                                                                              ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-FIFTH TERM, 1925-1929
                                                                                      Calvin Coolidge, President; Charles G. Dawes, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Name of candidate                        Ala.  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.  Colo.   Conn.  Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Idaho  Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine  Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.  Nebr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Calvin Coolidge, of Massachusetts.........................  ....      3  ....      13      6       7     3  ....  ...       4    29     15      13      10   13  ...       6    8      18      15      12  .....   18       4     8
    John W. Davis, of West Virginia...........................    12  .....     9  ......  .....  ......  ....     6   14  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...   10  ......  ...  ......  ......  ......     10  ...  ......  .....
    Robert M. La Follette, of Wisconsin.......................  ....  .....  ....  ......  .....  ......  ....  ....  ...  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...  ......  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......  .....
                                                               =========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Charles G. Dawes, of Illinois.............................  ....      3  ....      13      6       7     3  ....  ...       4    29     15      13      10   13  ...       6    8      18      15      12  .....   18       4     8
    Charles W. Bryan, of Nebraska.............................    12  .....     9  ......  .....  ......  ....     6   14  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...   10  ......  ...  ......  ......  ......     10  ...  ......  .....
    Burton K. Wheeler, of Montana.............................  ....  .....  ....  ......  .....  ......  ....  ....  ...  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...  ......  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......  .....
                                                               =========================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote....................................    12      3     9      13      6       7     3     6   14       4    29     15      13      10   13   10       6    8      18      15      12     10   18       4     8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      N.                 N.                                              S.
       Name of candidate         Nev.  N.H.   N.J.   Mex.   N.Y.  N.C.  Dak.  Ohio   Okla.  Oreg.   Pa.    R.I.   S.C.  Dak.  Tenn.  Tex.   Utah   Vt.  Va.   Wash.   W. Va.  Wis.  Wyo.   Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Calvin Coolidge, of             3     4     14      3     45  ....     5    24  ......     5      38      5  .....     5  .....  ....       4    4  ...       7        8  ....     3     382
     Massachusetts............
    John W. Davis, of West      .....  ....  .....  .....  .....    12  ....  ....      10  .....  .....  .....      9  ....     12    20  ......  ...   12  ......  .......  ....  ....     136
     Virginia.................
    Robert M. La Follette, of   .....  ....  .....  .....  .....  ....  ....  ....  ......  .....  .....  .....  .....  ....  .....  ....  ......  ...  ...  ......  .......    13  ....      13
     Wisconsin................
                               =================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Charles G. Dawes, of            3     4     14      3     45  ....     5    24  ......     5      38      5  .....     5  .....  ....       4    4  ...       7        8  ....     3     382
     Illinois.................
    Charles W. Bryan, of        .....  ....  .....  .....  .....    12  ....  ....      10  .....  .....  .....      9  ....     12    20  ......  ...   12  ......  .......  ....  ....     136
     Nebraska.................
    Burton K. Wheeler, of       .....  ....  .....  .....  .....  ....  ....  ....  ......  .....  .....  .....  .....  ....  .....  ....  ......  ...  ...  ......  .......    13  ....      13
     Montana..................
                               =================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote....      3     4     14      3     45    12     5    24      10     5      38      5      9     5     12    20       4    4   12       7        8    13     3     531
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [936]
                                                                   [936]

            936

                                                                                              ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-SIXTH TERM, 1929-1933
                                                                                      Herbert C. Hoover, President; Charles Curtis, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Name of candidate                       Ala.  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.  Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Idaho  Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine   Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.  Nebr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Herbert C. Hoover, of California........................  ....      3  ....      13       6       7     3     6  ...       4    29     15      13      10   13  ...        6    8  ......      15      12  .....   18       4     8
    Alfred E. Smith, of New York............................    12  .....     9  ......  ......  ......  ....  ....   14  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...   10  .......  ...      18  ......  ......     10  ...  ......  .....
                                                             ===========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Charles Curtis, of Kansas...............................  ....      3  ....      13       6       7     3     6  ...       4    29     15      13      10   13  ...        6    8  ......      15      12  .....   18       4     8
    Joseph T. Robinson, of Arkansas.........................    12  .....     9  ......  ......  ......  ....  ....   14  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...   10  .......  ...      18  ......  ......     10  ...  ......  .....
                                                             ===========================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote..................................    12      3     9      13       6       7     3     6   14       4    29     15      13      10   13   10        6    8      18      15      12     10   18       4     8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     N.                  N.                                             S.
      Name of candidate         Nev.  N.H.   N.J.   Mex.    N.Y.  N.C.  Dak.  Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.   Pa.    R.I.   S.C.  Dak.  Tenn.  Tex.   Utah  Vt.   Va.    Wash.   W. Va.  Wis.  Wyo.   Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Herbert C. Hoover, of          3     4     14       3     45    12     5    24     10     5      38  .....  .....     5     12    20      4    4     12       7        8    13     3     444
     California..............
    Alfred E. Smith, of New    .....  ....  .....  ......  .....  ....  ....  ....  .....  .....  .....      5      9  ....  .....  ....  .....  ...  .....  ......  .......  ....  ....      87
     York....................
                              ==================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Charles Curtis, of Kansas      3     4     14       3     45    12     5    24     10     5      38  .....  .....     5     12    20      4    4     12       7        8    13     3     444
    Joseph T. Robinson, of     .....  ....  .....  ......  .....  ....  ....  ....  .....  .....  .....      5      9  ....  .....  ....  .....  ...  .....  ......  .......  ....  ....      87
     Arkansas................
                              ==================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote...      3     4     14       3     45    12     5    24     10     5      38      5      9     5     12    20      4    4     12       7        8    13     8     531
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [937]
                                                                   [937]

            937

                                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-SEVENTH TERM, 1933-1937
                                                                                    Franklin D. Roosevelt, President; John N. Garner, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Name of candidate                          Ala.  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Idaho   Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine   Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York...........................    11      3     9      22       6  .......  ....     7   12        4    29     14      11       9   11   10  .......    8      17      19      11      9   15       4
    Herbert C. Hoover, of California.............................  ....  .....  ....  ......  ......        8     3  ....  ...  .......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...        5  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......
                                                                  ======================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    John N. Garner, of Texas.....................................    11      3     9      22       6  .......  ....     7   12        4    29     14      11       9   11   10  .......    8      17      19      11      9   15       4
    Charles Curtis, of Kansas....................................  ....  .....  ....  ......  ......        8     3  ....  ...  .......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...        5  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......
                                                                  ======================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.......................................    11      3     9      22       6        8     3     7   12        4    29     14      11       9   11   10        5    8      17      19      11      9   15       4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                             N.                  N.                                              S.
                       Name of candidate                        Nebr.   Nev.  N.H.   N.J.   Mex.    N.Y.  N.C.  Dak.  Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.   Pa.    R.I.   S.C.   Dak.  Tenn.  Tex.   Utah   Vt.  Va.   Wash.   W. Va.  Wis.  Wyo.   Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York........................     7       3  ....     16       3     47    13     4    26     11     5   .....      4      8      4    11     23       4  ...   11       8        8    12     3     472
    Herbert C. Hoover, of California..........................  .....  .....     4  .....  ......  .....  ....  ....  ....  .....  .....     36  .....  .....  .....  .....  ....  ......    3  ...  ......  .......  ....  ....      59
                                                               =========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    John N. Garner, of Texas..................................     7       3  ....     16       3     47    13     4    26     11     5   .....      4      8      4    11     23       4  ...   11       8        8    12     3     472
    Charles Curtis, of Kansas.................................  .....  .....     4  .....  ......  .....  ....  ....  ....  .....  .....     36  .....  .....  .....  .....  ....  ......    3  ...  ......  .......  ....  ....      59
                                                               =========================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote....................................     7       3     4     16       3     47    13     4    26     11     5      36      4      8      4    11     23       4    3   11       8        8    12     3     531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [938]
                                                                   [938]

            938

                                                                                             ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-EIGHTH TERM, 1937-1941
                                                                                    Franklin D. Roosevelt, President; John N. Garner, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Name of candidate                          Ala.  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Idaho   Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine   Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York...........................    11      3     9      22       6        8     3     7   12        4    29     14      11       9   11   10  .......    8      17      19      11      9   15       4
    Alfred M. Landon, of Kansas..................................  ....  .....  ....  ......  ......  .......  ....  ....  ...  .......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...        5  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......
                                                                  ======================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    John N. Garner, of Texas.....................................    11      3     9      22       6        8     3     7   12        4    29     14      11       9   11   10  .......    8      17      19      11      9   15       4
    Frank Knox, of Illinois......................................  ....  .....  ....  ......  ......  .......  ....  ....  ...  .......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...        5  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......
                                                                  ======================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.......................................    11      3     9      22       6        8     3     7   12        4    29     14      11       9   11   10        5    8      17      19      11      9   15       4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                       N.                    N.                                            S.
                   Name of candidate                     Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   Mex.    N.Y.   N.C.   Dak.    Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.   Dak.    Tenn.   Tex.   Utah   Vt.  Va.   Wash.   W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York................       7      3      4     16       3     47     13       4     26     11      5   36     4     8       4      11     23       4  ...   11       8        8     12       3     523
    Alfred M. Landon, of Kansas.......................  ......  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ......  ......  .....  ......    3  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......       8
                                                       =================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    John N. Garner, of Texas..........................       7      3      4     16       3     47     13       4     26     11      5   36     4     8       4      11     23       4  ...   11       8        8     12       3     523
    Frank Knox, of Illinois...........................  ......  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  ......  ......  .....  ......    3  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......       8
                                                       =================================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote............................       7      3      4     16       3     47     13       4     26     11      5   36     4     8       4      11     23       4    3   11       8        8     12       3     531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [939]
                                                                   [939]

            939

                                                                                              ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-NINTH TERM, 1941-1945
                                                                                   Franklin D. Roosevelt, President; Henry A. Wallace, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Name of candidate                          Ala.  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Idaho   Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine   Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York...........................    11      3     9      22  ......        8     3     7   12        4    29  .....  ......  ......   11   10  .......    8      17  ......      11      9   15       4
    Wendell L. Willkie, of New York..............................  ....  .....  ....  ......       6  .......  ....  ....  ...  .......  ....     14      11       9  ...  ...        5  ...  ......      19  ......  .....  ...  ......
                                                                  ======================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Henry A. Wallace, of Iowa....................................    11      3     9      22  ......        8     3     7   12        4    29  .....  ......  ......   11   10  .......    8      17  ......      11      9   15       4
    Charles L. McNary, of Oregon.................................  ....  .....  ....  ......       6  .......  ....  ....  ...  .......  ....     14      11       9  ...  ...        5  ...  ......      19  ......  .....  ...  ......
                                                                  ======================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.......................................    11      3     9      22       6        8     3     7   12        4    29     14      11       9   11   10        5    8      17      19      11      9   15       4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                       N.                    N.                                            S.
                   Name of candidate                     Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   Mex.    N.Y.   N.C.   Dak.    Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.   Dak.    Tenn.   Tex.   Utah   Vt.  Va.   Wash.   W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York................  ......      3      4     16       3     47     13  ......     26     11      5   36     4     8  ......      11     23       4  ...   11       8        8     12       3     449
    Wendell L. Willkie, of New York...................       7  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....       4  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....       4  ......  .....  ......    3  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......      82
                                                       =================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Henry A. Wallace, of Iowa.........................  ......      3      4     16       3     47     13  ......     26     11      5   36     4     8  ......      11     23       4  ...   11       9        9     12       3     449
    Charles L. McNary, of Oregon......................       7  .....  .....  .....  ......  .....  .....       4  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....       4  ......  .....  ......    3  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......      82
                                                       =================================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote............................       7      3      4     16       3     47     13       4     26     11      5   36     4     8       4      11     23       4    3   11       8        8     12       3     531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [940]
                                                                   [940]

            940

                                                                                                ELECTION FOR THE FORTIETH TERM, 1945-1949
                                                                                   Franklin D. Roosevelt,* President; Harry S. Truman, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Name of candidate                          Ala.  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.   Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Idaho   Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine   Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York...........................    11      4     9      25  ......        8     3     8   12        4    28  .....  ......  ......   11   10  .......    8      16      19      11      9   15       4
    Thomas E. Dewey, of New York.................................  ....  .....  ....  ......       6  .......  ....  ....  ...  .......  ....     13      10       8  ...  ...        5  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......
                                                                  ======================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Harry S. Truman, of Missouri.................................    11      4     9      25  ......        8     3     8   12        4    28  .....  ......  ......   11   10  .......    8      16      19      11      9   15       4
    John W. Bricker, of Ohio.....................................  ....  .....  ....  ......       6  .......  ....  ....  ...  .......  ....     13      10       8  ...  ...        5  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......
                                                                  ======================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.......................................    11      4     9      25       6        8     3     8   12        4    28     13      10       8   11   10        5    8      16      19      11      9   15       4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Name of candidate                    Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.   N.J.  N. Mex.   N.Y.   N.C.  N. Dak.   Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.  S. Dak.   Tenn.   Tex.   Utah   Vt.  Va.   Wash.   W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York.............  ......      3      4     16        4     47     14  .......  .....     10      6   35     4     8  .......      12     23       4  ...   11       8        8  .....  ......     432
    Thomas E. Dewey, of New York...................       6  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....        4     25  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....        4  ......  .....  ......    3  ...  ......  .......     12       3      99
                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Harry S. Truman, of Missouri...................  ......      3      4     16        4     47     14  .......  .....     10      6   35     4     8  .......      12     23       4  ...   11       8        8  .....  ......     432
    John W. Bricker, of Ohio.......................       6  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....        4     25  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....        4  ......  .....  ......    3  ...  ......  .......     12       3      99
                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.........................       6      3      4     16        4     47     14        4     25     10      6   35     4     8        4      12     23       4    3   11       8        8     12       3     531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Franklin D. Roosevelt, the thirty-first President of the United States, died on April 12, 1945. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Harry S. Truman, he accordingly took the oath
  of office at Washington, D.C., on April 12, 1945.

            [941]
                                                                   [941]

            941

                                                                                              ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-FIRST TERM, 1949-1953
                                                                                      Harry S. Truman, President; Alben W. Barkley, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Name of candidate                           Ala.  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.  Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Idaho  Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine   Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Harry S. Truman, of Missouri...................................  ....      4     9      25       6  ......  ....     8   12       4    28  .....      10  ......   11  ...  .......  ...      16  ......      11  .....   15       4
    Thomas E. Dewey, of New York...................................  ....  .....  ....  ......  ......       8     3  ....  ...  ......  ....     13  ......       8  ...  ...        5    8  ......      19  ......  .....  ...  ......
    J. Strom Thurmond, of South Carolina...........................    11  .....  ....  ......  ......  ......  ....  ....  ...  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...   10  .......  ...  ......  ......  ......      9  ...  ......
                                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Alben W. Barkley, of Kentucky..................................  ....      4     9      25       6  ......  ....     8   12       4    28  .....      10  ......   11  ...  .......  ...      16  ......      11  .....   15       4
    Earl Warren, of California.....................................  ....  .....  ....  ......  ......       8     3  ....  ...  ......  ....     13  ......       8  ...  ...        5    8  ......      19  ......  .....  ...  ......
    Fielding L. Wright, of Mississippi.............................    11  .....  ....  ......  ......  ......  ....  ....  ...  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...   10  .......  ...  ......  ......  ......      9  ...  ......
                                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.........................................    11      4     9      25       6       8     3     8   12       4    28     13      10       8   11   10        5    8      16      19      11      9   15       4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Name of candidate                    Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.   N.J.  N. Mex.   N.Y.   N.C.  N. Dak.   Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.  S. Dak.   Tenn.   Tex.   Utah   Vt.  Va.   Wash.   W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Harry S. Truman, of Missouri...................  ......      3  .....  .....        4  .....     14  .......     25     10  .....  ...     4  ....  .......      11     23       4  ...   11       8        8     12       3     303
    Thomas E. Dewey, of New York...................       6  .....      4     16  .......     47  .....        4  .....  .....      6   35  ....  ....        4  ......  .....  ......    3  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......     189
    J. Strom Thurmond, of South Carolina...........  ......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....     8  .......       1  .....  ......  ...  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......      39
                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Alben W. Barkley, of Kentucky..................  ......      3  .....  .....        4  .....     14  .......     25     10  .....  ...     4  ....  .......      11     23       4  ...   11       8        8     12       3     303
    Earl Warren, of California.....................       6  .....      4     16  .......     47  .....        4  .....  .....      6   35  ....  ....        4  ......  .....  ......    3  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......     189
    Fielding L. Wright, of Mississippi.............  ......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....     8  .......       1  .....  ......  ...  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......      39
                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.........................       6      3      4     16        4     47     14        4     25     10      6   35     4     8        4      12     23       4    3   11       8        8     12       3     531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [942]
                                                                   [942]

            942

                                                                                              ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-SECOND TERM, 1953-1957
                                                                                    Dwight D. Eisenhower, President; Richard M. Nixon, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Name of candidate                          Ala.  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.   Colo.   Conn.  Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Idaho   Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine   Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Dwight D. Eisenhower, of New York.............................  ....      4  ....      32       6       8     3    10  ...        4    27     13      10       8  ...  ...        5    9      16      20      11  .....   13       4
    Adlai Stevenson, of Illinois..................................    11  .....     8  ......  ......  ......  ....  ....   12  .......  ....  .....  ......  ......   10   10  .......  ...  ......  ......  ......      8  ...  ......
                                                                   =====================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Richard M. Nixon, of California...............................  ....      4  ....      32       6       8     3    10  ...        4    27     13      10       8  ...  ...        5    9      16      20      11  .....   13       4
    John Sparkman, of Alabama.....................................    11  .....     8  ......  ......  ......  ....  ....   12  .......  ....  .....  ......  ......   10   10  .......  ...  ......  ......  ......      8  ...  ......
                                                                   =====================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote........................................    11      4     8      32       6       8     3    10   12        4    27     13      10       8   10   10        5    9      16      20      11      8   13       4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Name of candidate                    Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   N. Mex   N.Y.   N.C.  N. Dak.   Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.  S. Dak.   Tenn.   Tex.   Utah   Vt.  Va.   Wash.   W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Dwight D. Eisenhower, of New York..............       6      3      4     16        4     45  .....        4     25      8      6   32     4  ....        4      11     24       4    3   12       9  .......     12       3     442
    Adlai Stevenson, of Illinois...................  ......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....     14  .......  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....     8  .......  ......  .....  ......  ...  ...  ......        8  .....  ......      89
                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Richard M. Nixon, of California................       6      3      4     16        4     45  .....        4     25      8      6   32     4  ....        4      11     24       4    3   12       9  .......     12       3     442
    John Sparkman, of Alabama......................  ......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....     14  .......  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....     8  .......  ......  .....  ......  ...  ...  ......        8  .....  ......      89
                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.........................       6      3      4     16        4     45     14        4     25      8      6   32     4     8        4      11     24       4    3   12       9        8     12       3     531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [943]
                                                                   [943]

            943

                                                                          ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-THIRD TERM, 1957-1961
                                                                Dwight D. Eisenhower, President; Richard M. Nixon, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Name of candidate        Ala.  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.  Colo.   Conn.  Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Idaho  Ill.   Ind.   Iowa    Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine  Md.   Mass.   Mich.   Minn.  Miss.  Mo.   Mont.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Dwight D. Eisenhower, of   ....      4  ....      32      6       8     3    10  ...       4    27     13      10       8   10   10       5    9      16      20      11  .....  ...       4
     Pennsylvania............
    Adlai Stevenson, of          10  .....     8  ......  .....  ......  ....  ....   12  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...  ......  ...  ......  ......  ......      8   13  ......
     Illinois................
    Walter B. Jones, of           1  .....  ....  ......  .....  ......  ....  ....  ...  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...  ......  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......
     Alabama.................
                              ==================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Richard M. Nixon, of       ....      4  ....      32      6       8     3    10  ...       4    27     13      10       8   10   10       5    9      16      20      11  .....  ...       4
     California..............
    Estes Kefauver, of           10  .....     8  ......  .....  ......  ....  ....   12  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...  ......  ...  ......  ......  ......      8   13  ......
     Tennessee...............
    Herman Talmadge, of           1  .....  ....  ......  .....  ......  ....  ....  ...  ......  ....  .....  ......  ......  ...  ...  ......  ...  ......  ......  ......  .....  ...  ......
     Georgia.................
                              ==================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote...    11      4     8      32      6       8     3    10   12       4    27     13      10       8   10   10       5    9      16      20      11      8   13       4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Name of candidate                    Nebr.   Nev.   N.H.   N.J.  N. Mex.   N.Y.   N.C.  N. Dak.   Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.  S. Dak.   Tenn.   Tex.   Utah   Vt.  Va.   Wash.   W. Va.   Wis.   Wyo.    Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    Dwight D. Eisenhower, of Pennsylvania..........       6      3      4     16        4     45  .....        4     25      8      6   32     4  ....        4      11     24       4    3   12       9        8     12       3     457
    Adlai Stevenson, of Illinois...................  ......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....     14  .......  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....     8  .......  ......  .....  ......  ...  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......      73
    Walter B. Jones, of Alabama....................  ......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  .......  ......  .....  ......  ...  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......       1
                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Richard M. Nixon, of California................       6      3      4     16        4     45  .....        4     25      8      6   32     4  ....        4      11     24       4    3   12       9        8     12       3     457
    Estes Kefauver, of Tennessee...................  ......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....     14  .......  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....     8  .......  ......  .....  ......  ...  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......      73
    Herman Talmadge, of Georgia....................  ......  .....  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .......  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  .......  ......  .....  ......  ...  ...  ......  .......  .....  ......       1
                                                    ====================================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.........................       6      3      4     16        4     45     14        4     25      8      6   32     4     8        4      11     24       4    3   12       9        8     12       3     531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [944]
                                                                   [944]

            944

                                                                                              ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-FOURTH TERM, 1961-1965
                                                                                     John F. Kennedy,* President; Lyndon B. Johnson, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Name of candidate                      Ala.   Alaska  Ariz.  Ark.  Calif.  Colo.   Conn.  Del.  Fla.  Ga.   Hawaii   Idaho  Ill.  Ind.   Iowa   Kans.  Ky.  La.   Maine  Md.  Mass.  Mich.  Minn.  Miss.  Mo.  Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    John F. Kennedy, of Massachusetts....................     5  .......  .....     8  ......  .....       8     3  ....   12        3  ......    27  ....  .....  ......  ...   10  ......    9     16     20     11  .....   13  .....
    Richard M. Nixon, of California......................  ....        3      4  ....      32      6  ......  ....    10  ...  .......       4  ....    13     10       8   10  ...       5  ...  .....  .....  .....  .....  ...  .....
    Harry F. Byrd, of Virginia...........................     6  .......  .....  ....  ......  .....  ......  ....  ....  ...  .......  ......  ....  ....  .....  ......  ...  ...  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....      8  ...  .....
                                                          ==============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Lyndon B. Johnson, of Texas..........................     5  .......  .....     8  ......  .....       8     3  ....   12        3  ......    27  ....  .....  ......  ...   10  ......    9     16     20     11  .....   13  .....
    Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts..................  ....        3      4  ....      32      6  ......  ....    10  ...  .......       4  ....    13     10       8   10  ...       5  ...  .....  .....  .....  .....  ...      4
    Strom Thurmond, of South Carolina....................     6  .......  .....  ....  ......  .....  ......  ....  ....  ...  .......  ......  ....  ....  .....  ......  ...  ...  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....      8  ...  .....
    Barry Goldwater, of Arizona..........................  ....  .......  .....  ....  ......  .....  ......  ....  ....  ...  .......  ......  ....  ....  .....  ......  ...  ...  ......  ...  .....  .....  .....  .....  ...  .....
                                                          ==============================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote...............................    11        3      4     8      32      6       8     3    10   12        3       4    27    13     10       8   10   10       5    9     16     20     11      8   13      4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                              N.                   N.                                           S.                                             W.
                       Name of candidate                         Nebr.  Nev.   N.H.   N.J.   Mex.   N.Y.   N.C.   Dak.   Ohio  Okla.  Oreg.  Pa.  R.I.  S.C.   Dak.   Tenn.   Tex.   Utah  Vt.  Va.   Wash.   Va.    Wis.   Wyo.   Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
    John F. Kennedy, of Massachusetts..........................  .....     3  .....     16      4     45     14  .....  .....  .....  .....   32     4     8  .....  ......     24  .....  ...  ...  ......      8  .....  .....     303
    Richard M. Nixon, of California............................      6  ....      4  .....  .....  .....  .....      4     25      7      6  ...  ....  ....      4      11  .....      4    3   12       9  .....     12      3     219
    Harry F. Byrd, of Virginia.................................  .....  ....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....      1  .....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ......  .....  .....  ...  ...  ......  .....  .....  .....      15
                                                                ========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
    Lyndon B. Johnson, of Texas................................  .....     3  .....     16      4     45     14  .....  .....  .....  .....   32     4     8  .....  ......     24  .....  ...  ...  ......      8  .....  .....     303
    Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts........................      6  ....      4  .....  .....  .....  .....      4     25      7      6  ...  ....  ....      4      11  .....      4    3   12       9  .....     12      3     219
    Strom Thurmond, of South Carolina..........................  .....  ....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ......  .....  .....  ...  ...  ......  .....  .....  .....      14
    Barry Goldwater, of Arizona................................  .....  ....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....      1  .....  ...  ....  ....  .....  ......  .....  .....  ...  ...  ......  .....  .....  .....       1
                                                                ========================================================================================================================================================================
      Total electoral vote.....................................      6     3      4     16      4     45     14      4     25      8      6   32     4     8      4      11     24      4    3   12       9      8     12      3    537
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fourth President of the United States, was assassinated on November 22, 1963. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Lyndon B. Johnson, he accordingly
  took the oath of office at Dallas, Tex., on November 22, 1963.

                  electoral votes for president and vice president
            electoral votes for president and vice president

            electoral votes for president and vice president

            ____________________________________________________________

            [945]
                                                                   [945]
       945
       945

                                  ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-FIFTH TERM, 1965-1969
                        Lyndon B. Johnson, President; Hubert H. Humphrey, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 For President            For Vice President
                                              Electoral  -------------------------------------------------------
                   State                       vote of      Lyndon B.     Barry M.      Hubert H.    William E.
                                              each State   Johnson, of   Goldwater,   Humphrey, of   Miller, of
                                                              Texas      of Arizona     Minnesota     New York
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama....................................           10  ............            10  ............            10
Alaska.....................................            3             3  ............             3  ............
Arizona....................................            5  ............             5  ............             5
Arkansas...................................            6             6  ............             6  ............
California.................................           40            40  ............            40  ............
Colorado...................................            6             6  ............             6  ............
Connecticut................................            8             8  ............             8  ............
Delaware...................................            3             3  ............             3  ............
District of Columbia.......................            3             3  ............             3  ............
Florida....................................           14            14  ............            14  ............
Georgia....................................           12  ............            12  ............            12
Hawaii.....................................            4             4  ............             4  ............
Idaho......................................            4             4  ............             4  ............
Illinois...................................           26            26  ............            26  ............
Indiana....................................           13            13  ............            13  ............
Iowa.......................................            9             9  ............             9  ............
Kansas.....................................            7             7  ............             7  ............
Kentucky...................................            9             9  ............             9  ............
Louisiana..................................           10  ............            10  ............            10
Maine......................................            4             4  ............             4  ............
Maryland...................................           10            10  ............            10  ............
Massachusetts..............................           14            14  ............            14  ............
Michigan...................................           21            21  ............            21  ............
Minnesota..................................           10            10  ............            10  ............
Mississippi................................            7  ............             7  ............             7
Missouri...................................           12            12  ............            12  ............
Montana....................................            4             4  ............             4  ............
Nebraska...................................            5             5  ............             5  ............
Nevada.....................................            3             3  ............             3  ............
New Hampshire..............................            4             4  ............             4  ............
New Jersey.................................           17            17  ............            17  ............
New Mexico.................................            4             4  ............             4  ............
New York...................................           43            43  ............            43  ............
North Carolina.............................           13            13  ............            13  ............
North Dakota...............................            4             4  ............             4  ............
Ohio.......................................           26            26  ............            26  ............
Oklahoma...................................            8             8  ............             8  ............
Oregon.....................................            6             6  ............             6  ............
Pennsylvania...............................           29            29  ............            29  ............
Rhode Island...............................            4             4  ............             4  ............
South Carolina.............................            8  ............             8  ............             8
South Dakota...............................            4             4  ............             4  ............
Tennessee..................................           11            11  ............            11  ............
Texas......................................           25            25  ............            25  ............
Utah.......................................            4             4  ............             4  ............
Vermont....................................            3             3  ............             3  ............
Virginia...................................           12            12  ............            12  ............
Washington.................................            9             9  ............             9  ............
West Virginia..............................            7             7  ............             7  ............
Wisconsin..................................           12            12  ............            12  ............
Wyoming....................................            3             3  ............             3  ............
                                            --------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total................................          538           486            52           486            52
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [946]
                                                                   [946]
       946
       946

                                  ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-SIXTH TERM, 1969-1973
                           Richard M. Nixon, President; Spiro T. Agnew, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           For President                For Vice President
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Electoral   Richard
                State                   vote of      M.     Hubert H.  George C.  Spiro T.   Edmund    Curtis E.
                                          each     Nixon,   Humphrey,   Wallace,   Agnew,      S.      LeMay, of
                                         State     of New       of         of        of      Muskie,  California
                                                    York    Minnesota   Alabama   Maryland  of Maine
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama..............................         10  ........  .........         10  ........  ........         10
Alaska...............................          3         3  .........  .........         3  ........  ..........
Arizona..............................          5         5  .........  .........         5  ........  ..........
Arkansas.............................          6  ........  .........          6  ........  ........          6
California...........................         40        40  .........  .........        40  ........  ..........
Colorado.............................          6         6  .........  .........         6  ........  ..........
Connecticut..........................          8  ........          8  .........  ........         8  ..........
Delaware.............................          3         3  .........  .........         3  ........  ..........
District of Columbia.................          3  ........          3  .........  ........         3  ..........
Florida..............................         14        14  .........  .........        14  ........  ..........
Georgia..............................         12  ........  .........         12  ........  ........         12
Hawaii...............................          4  ........          4  .........  ........         4  ..........
Idaho................................          4         4  .........  .........         4  ........  ..........
Illinois.............................         26        26  .........  .........        26  ........  ..........
Indiana..............................         13        13  .........  .........        13  ........  ..........
Iowa.................................          9         9  .........  .........         9  ........  ..........
Kansas...............................          7         7  .........  .........         7  ........  ..........
Kentucky.............................          9         9  .........  .........         9  ........  ..........
Louisiana............................         10  ........  .........         10  ........  ........         10
Maine................................          4  ........          4  .........  ........         4  ..........
Maryland.............................         10  ........         10  .........  ........        10  ..........
Massachusetts........................         14  ........         14  .........  ........        14  ..........
Michigan.............................         21  ........         21  .........  ........        21  ..........
Minnesota............................         10  ........         10  .........  ........        10  ..........
Mississippi..........................          7  ........  .........          7  ........  ........          7
Missouri.............................         12        12  .........  .........        12  ........  ..........
Montana..............................          4         4  .........  .........         4  ........  ..........
Nebraska.............................          5         5  .........  .........         5  ........  ..........
Nevada...............................          3         3  .........  .........         3  ........  ..........
New Hampshire........................          4         4  .........  .........         4  ........  ..........
New Jersey...........................         17        17  .........  .........        17  ........  ..........
New Mexico...........................          4         4  .........  .........         4  ........  ..........
New York.............................         43  ........         43  .........  ........        43  ..........
North Carolina.......................         13        12  .........          1        12  ........          1
North Dakota.........................          4         4  .........  .........         4  ........  ..........
Ohio.................................         26        26  .........  .........        26  ........  ..........
Oklahoma.............................          8         8  .........  .........         8  ........  ..........
Oregon...............................          6         6  .........  .........         6  ........  ..........
Pennsylvania.........................         29  ........         29  .........  ........        29  ..........
Rhode Island.........................          4  ........          4  .........  ........         4  ..........
South Carolina.......................          8         8  .........  .........         8  ........  ..........
South Dakota.........................          4         4  .........  .........         4  ........  ..........
Tennessee............................         11        11  .........  .........        11  ........  ..........
Texas................................         25  ........         25  .........  ........        25  ..........
Utah.................................          4         4  .........  .........         4  ........  ..........
Vermont..............................          3         3  .........  .........         3  ........  ..........
Virginia.............................         12        12  .........  .........        12  ........  ..........
Washington...........................          9  ........          9  .........  ........         9  ..........
West Virginia........................          7  ........          7  .........  ........         7  ..........
Wisconsin............................         12        12  .........  .........        12  ........  ..........
Wyoming..............................          3         3  .........  .........         3  ........  ..........
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total..........................        538       301        191         46       301       191         46
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [947]
                                                                   [947]
       947
       947

                               ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-SEVENTH TERM, 1973-1977 \1\
                           Richard M. Nixon, President; Spiro T. Agnew, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          For President                  For Vice President
                                              ------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    Electoral                                                   R.
              States                 votes of  Richard M.    George       John     Spiro T.   Sargent   Theodora
                                       each     Nixon, of   McGovern,   Hospers,    Agnew,   Shriver,   Nathan,
                                      State    California   of South       of         of        of     of Oregon
                                                             Dakota    California  Maryland  Maryland
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama...........................         9            9  ..........  ..........         9  ........  .........
Alaska............................         3            3  ..........  ..........         3  ........  .........
Arizona...........................         6            6  ..........  ..........         6  ........  .........
Arkansas..........................         6            6  ..........  ..........         6  ........  .........
California........................        45           45  ..........  ..........        45  ........  .........
Colorado..........................         7            7  ..........  ..........         7  ........  .........
Connecticut.......................         8            8  ..........  ..........         8  ........  .........
Delaware..........................         3            3  ..........  ..........         3  ........  .........
District of Columbia..............         3   ..........           3  ..........  ........         3  .........
Florida...........................        17           17  ..........  ..........        17  ........  .........
Georgia...........................        12           12  ..........  ..........        12  ........  .........
Hawaii............................         4            4  ..........  ..........         4  ........  .........
Idaho.............................         4            4  ..........  ..........         4  ........  .........
Illinois..........................        26           26  ..........  ..........        26  ........  .........
Indiana...........................        13           13  ..........  ..........        13  ........  .........
Iowa..............................         8            8  ..........  ..........         8  ........  .........
Kansas............................         7            7  ..........  ..........         7  ........  .........
Kentucky..........................         9            9  ..........  ..........         9  ........  .........
Louisiana.........................        10           10  ..........  ..........        10  ........  .........
Maine.............................         4            4  ..........  ..........         4  ........  .........
Maryland..........................        10           10  ..........  ..........        10  ........  .........
Massachusetts.....................        14   ..........          14  ..........  ........        14  .........
Michigan..........................        21           21  ..........  ..........        21  ........  .........
Minnesota.........................        10           10  ..........  ..........        10  ........  .........
Mississippi.......................         7            7  ..........  ..........         7  ........  .........
Missouri..........................        12           12  ..........  ..........        12  ........  .........
Montana...........................         4            4  ..........  ..........         4  ........  .........
Nebraska..........................         5            5  ..........  ..........         5  ........  .........
Nevada............................         3            3  ..........  ..........         3  ........  .........
New Hampshire.....................         4            4  ..........  ..........         4  ........  .........
New Jersey........................        17           17  ..........  ..........        17  ........  .........
New Mexico........................         4            4  ..........  ..........         4  ........  .........
New York..........................        41           41  ..........  ..........        41  ........  .........
North Carolina....................        13           13  ..........  ..........        13  ........  .........
North Dakota......................         3            3  ..........  ..........         3  ........  .........
Ohio..............................        25           25  ..........  ..........        25  ........  .........
Oklahoma..........................         8            8  ..........  ..........         8  ........  .........
Oregon............................         6            6  ..........  ..........         6  ........  .........
Pennsylvania......................        27           27  ..........  ..........        27  ........  .........
Rhode Island......................         4            4  ..........  ..........         4  ........  .........
South Carolina....................         8            8  ..........  ..........         8  ........  .........
South Dakota......................         4            4  ..........  ..........         4  ........  .........
Tennessee.........................        10           10  ..........  ..........        10  ........  .........
Texas.............................        26           26  ..........  ..........        26  ........  .........
Utah..............................         4            4  ..........  ..........         4  ........  .........
Vermont...........................         3            3  ..........  ..........         3  ........  .........
Virginia..........................        12           11  ..........           1        11  ........          1
Washington........................         9            9  ..........  ..........         9  ........  .........
WestVirginia......................         6            6  ..........  ..........         6  ........  .........
Wisconsin.........................        11           11  ..........  ..........        11  ........  .........
Wyoming...........................         3            3  ..........  ..........         3  ........  .........
                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total.......................       538          520          17           1       520        17         1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Spiro T. Agnew resigned as Vice President on Oct. 10, 1973. Gerald R. Ford was sworn in as Vice President on
  Dec. 6, 1973. Richard M. Nixon resigned as President on Aug. 9, 1974, and Gerald R. Ford was sworn in as
  President on the same date. Nelson A. Rockefeller was sworn in as Vice President on Dec. 19, 1974.

            [948]
                                                                   [948]
       948
       948

                                  ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-EIGHTH TERM, 1977-1981
                           Jimmy Carter, President; Walter F. Mondale, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             For President                 For Vice President
                                      Electoral ----------------------------------------------------------------
               States                  votes of     Jimmy      Gerald R.      Ronald     Walter F.      Robert
                                         each     Carter, of    Ford, of    Reagan, of  Mondale, of    Dole, of
                                        State      Georgia      Michigan    California   Minnesota      Kansas
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama.............................         9             9  ...........  ...........            9  ...........
Alaska..............................         3   ...........            3  ...........  ...........            3
Arizona.............................         6   ...........            6  ...........  ...........            6
Arkansas............................         6             6  ...........  ...........            6  ...........
California..........................        45   ...........           45  ...........  ...........           45
Colorado............................         7   ...........            7  ...........  ...........            7
Connecticut.........................         8   ...........            8  ...........  ...........            8
Delaware............................         3             3  ...........  ...........            3  ...........
District of Columbia................         3             3  ...........  ...........            3  ...........
Florida.............................        17            17  ...........  ...........           17  ...........
Georgia.............................        12            12  ...........  ...........           12  ...........
Hawaii..............................         4             4  ...........  ...........            4  ...........
Idaho...............................         4   ...........            4  ...........  ...........            4
Illinois............................        26   ...........           26  ...........  ...........           26
Indiana.............................        13   ...........           13  ...........  ...........           13
Iowa................................         8   ...........            8  ...........  ...........            8
Kansas..............................         7   ...........            7  ...........  ...........            7
Kentucky............................         9             9  ...........  ...........            9  ...........
Louisiana...........................        10            10  ...........  ...........           10  ...........
Maine...............................         4   ...........            4  ...........  ...........            4
Maryland............................        10            10  ...........  ...........           10  ...........
Massachusetts.......................        14            14  ...........  ...........           14  ...........
Michigan............................        21   ...........           21  ...........  ...........           21
Minnesota...........................        10            10  ...........  ...........           10  ...........
Mississippi.........................         7             7  ...........  ...........            7  ...........
Missouri............................        12            12  ...........  ...........           12  ...........
Montana.............................         4   ...........            4  ...........  ...........            4
Nebraska............................         5   ...........            5  ...........  ...........            5
Nevada..............................         3   ...........            3  ...........  ...........            3
New Hampshire.......................         4   ...........            4  ...........  ...........            4
New Jersey..........................        17   ...........           17  ...........  ...........           17
New Mexico..........................         4   ...........            4  ...........  ...........            4
New York............................        41            41  ...........  ...........           41  ...........
North Carolina......................        13            13  ...........  ...........           13  ...........
North Dakota........................         3   ...........            3  ...........  ...........            3
Ohio................................        25            25  ...........  ...........           25  ...........
Oklahoma............................         8   ...........            8  ...........  ...........            8
Oregon..............................         6   ...........            6  ...........  ...........            6
Pennsylvania........................        27            27  ...........  ...........           27  ...........
Rhode Island........................         4             4  ...........  ...........            4  ...........
South Carolina......................         8             8  ...........  ...........            8  ...........
South Dakota........................         4   ...........            4  ...........  ...........            4
Tennessee...........................        10            10  ...........  ...........           10  ...........
Texas...............................        26            26  ...........  ...........           26  ...........
Utah................................         4   ...........            4  ...........  ...........            4
Vermont.............................         3   ...........            3  ...........  ...........            3
Virginia............................        12   ...........           12  ...........  ...........           12
Washington..........................         9   ...........            8            1  ...........            9
West Virginia.......................         6             6  ...........  ...........            6  ...........
Wisconsin...........................        11            11  ...........  ...........           11  ...........
Wyoming.............................         3   ...........            3  ...........  ...........            3
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total.........................       538           297          240            1          297          241
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [949]
                                                                   [949]
       949
       949

                                  ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-NINTH TERM, 1981-1985
                              Ronald Reagan, President; George Bush, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    For President          For Vice President
                                                  Electoral  ---------------------------------------------------
                     States                        votes of      Ronald       Jimmy        George     Walter F.
                                                  each State   Reagan, of   Carter, of    Bush, of   Mondale, of
                                                               California    Georgia       Texas      Minnesota
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................................            9            9  ...........            9  ...........
Alaska.........................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Arizona........................................            6            6  ...........            6  ...........
Arkansas.......................................            6            6  ...........            6  ...........
California.....................................           45           45  ...........           45  ...........
Colorado.......................................            7            7  ...........            7  ...........
Connecticut....................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Delaware.......................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
District of Columbia...........................            3  ...........            3  ...........            3
Florida........................................           17           17  ...........           17  ...........
Georgia........................................           12  ...........           12  ...........           12
Hawaii.........................................            4  ...........            4  ...........            4
Idaho..........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Illinois.......................................           26           26  ...........           26  ...........
Indiana........................................           13           13  ...........           13  ...........
Iowa...........................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Kansas.........................................            7            7  ...........            7  ...........
Kentucky.......................................            9            9  ...........            9  ...........
Louisiana......................................           10           10  ...........           10  ...........
Maine..........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Maryland.......................................           10  ...........           10  ...........           10
Massachusetts..................................           14           14  ...........           14  ...........
Michigan.......................................           21           21  ...........           21  ...........
Minnesota......................................           10  ...........           10  ...........           10
Mississippi....................................            7            7  ...........            7  ...........
Missouri.......................................           12           12  ...........           12  ...........
Montana........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Nebraska.......................................            5            5  ...........            5  ...........
Nevada.........................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
New Hampshire..................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
New Jersey.....................................           17           17  ...........           17  ...........
New Mexico.....................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
New York.......................................           41           41  ...........           41  ...........
North Carolina.................................           13           13  ...........           13  ...........
North Dakota...................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Ohio...........................................           25           25  ...........           25  ...........
Oklahoma.......................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Oregon.........................................            6            6  ...........            6  ...........
Pennsylvania...................................           27           27  ...........           27  ...........
Rhode Island...................................            4  ...........            4  ...........            4
South Carolina.................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
South Dakota...................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Tennessee......................................           10           10  ...........           10  ...........
Texas..........................................           26           26  ...........           26  ...........
Utah...........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Vermont........................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Virginia.......................................           12           12  ...........           12  ...........
Washington.....................................            9            9  ...........            9  ...........
West Virginia..................................            6  ...........            6  ...........            6
Wisconsin......................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
Wyoming........................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
                                                ----------------------------------------------------------------
      Total....................................          538          489           49          489           49
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [949.1]
                                                                 [949.1]
      949.1

                                    ELECTION FOR THE FIFTIETH TERM, 1985-1989
                              Ronald Reagan, President; George Bush, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    For President          For Vice President
                                                  Electoral  ---------------------------------------------------
                     States                        votes of      Ronald     Walter F.      George     Geraldine
                                                  each State   Reagan, of  Mondale, of    Bush, of   A. Ferraro,
                                                               California   Minnesota      Texas     of New York
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................................            9            9  ...........            9  ...........
Alaska.........................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Arizona........................................            7            7  ...........            7  ...........
Arkansas.......................................            6            6  ...........            6  ...........
California.....................................           47           47  ...........           47  ...........
Colorado.......................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Connecticut....................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Delaware.......................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
District of Columbia...........................            3  ...........            3  ...........            3
Florida........................................           21           21  ...........           21  ...........
Georgia........................................           12           12  ...........           12  ...........
Hawaii.........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Idaho..........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Illinois.......................................           24           24  ...........           24  ...........
Indiana........................................           12           12  ...........           12  ...........
Iowa...........................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Kansas.........................................            7            7  ...........            7  ...........
Kentucky.......................................            9            9  ...........            9  ...........
Louisiana......................................           10           10  ...........           10  ...........
Maine..........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Maryland.......................................           10           10  ...........           10  ...........
Massachusetts..................................           13           13  ...........           13  ...........
Michigan.......................................           20           20  ...........           20  ...........
Minnesota......................................           10  ...........           10  ...........           10
Mississippi....................................            7            7  ...........            7  ...........
Missouri.......................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
Montana........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Nebraska.......................................            5            5  ...........            5  ...........
Nevada.........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
New Hampshire..................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
New Jersey.....................................           16           16  ...........           16  ...........
New Mexico.....................................            5            5  ...........            5  ...........
New York.......................................           36           36  ...........           36  ...........
North Carolina.................................           13           13  ...........           13  ...........
North Dakota...................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Ohio...........................................           23           23  ...........           23  ...........
Oklahoma.......................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Oregon.........................................            7            7  ...........            7  ...........
Pennsylvania...................................           25           25  ...........           25  ...........
Rhode Island...................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
South Carolina.................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
South Dakota...................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Tennessee......................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
Texas..........................................           29           29  ...........           29  ...........
Utah...........................................            5            5  ...........            5  ...........
Vermont........................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Virginia.......................................           12           12  ...........           12  ...........
Washington.....................................           10           10  ...........           10  ...........
West Virginia..................................            6            6  ...........            6  ...........
Wisconsin......................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
Wyoming........................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
                                                ----------------------------------------------------------------
      Total....................................          538          525           13          525           13
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [949.2]
                                                                 [949.2]
      949.2

                                  ELECTION FOR THE FIFTY-FIRST TERM, 1989-1993
                               George Bush, President; Dan Quayle, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             For President                For Vice President
                                        Electoral --------------------------------------------------------------
                States                   votes of                                                       Michael
                                           each      George   Michael S.    Lloyd      Dan     Lloyd       S.
                                          State       Bush      Dukakis    Bentsen    Quayle  Bentsen   Dukakis
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama...............................         9           9  ..........  .........        9  .......  .........
Alaska................................         3           3  ..........  .........        3  .......  .........
Arizona...............................         7           7  ..........  .........        7  .......  .........
Arkansas..............................         6           6  ..........  .........        6  .......  .........
California............................        47          47  ..........  .........       47  .......  .........
Colorado..............................         8           8  ..........  .........        8  .......  .........
Connecticut...........................         8           8  ..........  .........        8  .......  .........
Delaware..............................         3           3  ..........  .........        3  .......  .........
District of Columbia..................         3   .........           3  .........  .......        3  .........
Florida...............................        21          21  ..........  .........       21  .......  .........
Georgia...............................        12          12  ..........  .........       12  .......  .........
Hawaii................................         4   .........           4  .........  .......        4  .........
Idaho.................................         4           4  ..........  .........        4  .......  .........
Illinois..............................        24          24  ..........  .........       24  .......  .........
Indiana...............................        12          12  ..........  .........       12  .......  .........
Iowa..................................         8   .........           8  .........  .......        8  .........
Kansas................................         7           7  ..........  .........        7  .......  .........
Kentucky..............................         9           9  ..........  .........        9  .......  .........
Louisiana.............................        10          10  ..........  .........       10  .......  .........
Maine.................................         4           4  ..........  .........        4  .......  .........
Maryland..............................        10          10  ..........  .........       10  .......  .........
Massachusetts.........................        13   .........          13  .........  .......       13  .........
Michigan..............................        20          20  ..........  .........       20  .......  .........
Minnesota.............................        10   .........          10  .........  .......       10  .........
Mississippi...........................         7           7  ..........  .........        7  .......  .........
Missouri..............................        11          11  ..........  .........       11  .......  .........
Montana...............................         4           4  ..........  .........        4  .......  .........
Nebraska..............................         5           5  ..........  .........        5  .......  .........
Nevada................................         4           4  ..........  .........        4  .......  .........
New Hampshire.........................         4           4  ..........  .........        4  .......  .........
New Jersey............................        16          16  ..........  .........       16  .......  .........
New Mexico............................         5           5  ..........  .........        5  .......  .........
New York..............................        36   .........          36  .........  .......       36  .........
North Carolina........................        13          13  ..........  .........       13  .......  .........
North Dakota..........................         3           3  ..........  .........        3  .......  .........
Ohio..................................        23          23  ..........  .........       23  .......  .........
Oklahoma..............................         8           8  ..........  .........        8  .......  .........
Oregon................................         7   .........           7  .........  .......        7  .........
Pennsylvania..........................        25          25  ..........  .........       25  .......  .........
Rhode Island..........................         4   .........           4  .........  .......        4  .........
South Carolina........................         8           8  ..........  .........        8  .......  .........
South Dakota..........................         3           3  ..........  .........        3  .......  .........
Tennessee.............................        11          11  ..........  .........       11  .......  .........
Texas.................................        29          29  ..........  .........       29  .......  .........
Utah..................................         5           5  ..........  .........        5  .......  .........
Vermont...............................         3           3  ..........  .........        3  .......  .........
Virginia..............................        12          12  ..........  .........       12  .......  .........
Washington............................        10   .........          10  .........  .......       10  .........
West Virginia.........................         6   .........           5          1  .......        5          1
Wisconsin.............................        11   .........          11  .........  .......       11  .........
Wyoming...............................         3           3  ..........  .........        3  .......  .........
                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total...........................       538         426         111          1      426      111          1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [949.3]
                                                                 [949.3]
      949.3

                                  ELECTION FOR THE FIFTY-SECOND TERM, 1993-1997
                         William J. Clinton, President; Albert Gore, Jr., Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    For President          For Vice President
                                                  Electoral  ---------------------------------------------------
                     States                        votes of       Bill
                                                  each State    Clinton    George Bush    Al Gore     Dan Quayle
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................................            9  ...........            9  ...........            9
Alaska.........................................            3  ...........            3  ...........            3
Arizona........................................            8  ...........            8  ...........            8
Arkansas.......................................            6            6  ...........            6  ...........
California.....................................           54           54  ...........           54  ...........
Colorado.......................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Connecticut....................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Delaware.......................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
District of Columbia...........................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Florida........................................           25  ...........           25  ...........           25
Georgia........................................           13           13  ...........           13  ...........
Hawaii.........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Idaho..........................................            4  ...........            4  ...........            4
Illinois.......................................           22           22  ...........           22  ...........
Indiana........................................           12  ...........           12  ...........           12
Iowa...........................................            7            7  ...........            7  ...........
Kansas.........................................            6  ...........            6  ...........            6
Kentucky.......................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Louisiana......................................            9            9  ...........            9  ...........
Maine..........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Maryland.......................................           10           10  ...........           10  ...........
Massachusetts..................................           12           12  ...........           12  ...........
Michigan.......................................           18           18  ...........           18  ...........
Minnesota......................................           10           10  ...........           10  ...........
Mississippi....................................            7  ...........            7  ...........            7
Missouri.......................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
Montana........................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Nebraska.......................................            5  ...........            5  ...........            5
Nevada.........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
New Hampshire..................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
New Jersey.....................................           15           15  ...........           15  ...........
New Mexico.....................................            5            5  ...........            5  ...........
New York.......................................           33           33  ...........           33  ...........
North Carolina.................................           14  ...........           14  ...........           14
North Dakota...................................            3  ...........            3  ...........            3
Ohio...........................................           21           21  ...........           21  ...........
Oklahoma.......................................            8  ...........            8  ...........            8
Oregon.........................................            7            7  ...........            7  ...........
Pennsylvania...................................           23           23  ...........           23  ...........
Rhode Island...................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
South Carolina.................................            8  ...........            8  ...........            8
South Dakota...................................            3  ...........            3  ...........            3
Tennessee......................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
Texas..........................................           32  ...........           32  ...........           32
Utah...........................................            5  ...........            5  ...........            5
Vermont........................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Virginia.......................................           13  ...........           13  ...........           13
Washington.....................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
West Virginia..................................            5            5  ...........            5  ...........
Wisconsin......................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
Wyoming........................................            3  ...........            3  ...........            3
                                                ----------------------------------------------------------------
      Total....................................          538          370          168          370          168
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [949.4]
                                                                 [949.4]
      949.4

                                  ELECTION FOR THE FIFTY-THIRD TERM, 1997-2001
                         William J. Clinton, President; Albert Gore, Jr., Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    For President          For Vice President
                                                  Electoral  ---------------------------------------------------
                     States                        votes of       Bill
                                                  each State    Clinton      Bob Dole     Al Gore     Jack Kemp
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................................            9  ...........            9  ...........            9
Alaska.........................................            3  ...........            3  ...........            3
Arizona........................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Arkansas.......................................            6            6  ...........            6  ...........
California.....................................           54           54  ...........           54  ...........
Colorado.......................................            8  ...........            8  ...........            8
Connecticut....................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Delaware.......................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
District of Columbia...........................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Florida........................................           25           25  ...........           25  ...........
Georgia........................................           13  ...........           13  ...........           13
Hawaii.........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Idaho..........................................            4  ...........            4  ...........            4
Illinois.......................................           22           22  ...........           22  ...........
Indiana........................................           12  ...........           12  ...........           12
Iowa...........................................            7            7  ...........            7  ...........
Kansas.........................................            6  ...........            6  ...........            6
Kentucky.......................................            8            8  ...........            8  ...........
Louisiana......................................            9            9  ...........            9  ...........
Maine..........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
Maryland.......................................           10           10  ...........           10  ...........
Massachusetts..................................           12           12  ...........           12  ...........
Michigan.......................................           18           18  ...........           18  ...........
Minnesota......................................           10           10  ...........           10  ...........
Mississippi....................................            7  ...........            7  ...........            7
Missouri.......................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
Montana........................................            3  ...........            3  ...........            3
Nebraska.......................................            5  ...........            5  ...........            5
Nevada.........................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
New Hampshire..................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
New Jersey.....................................           15           15  ...........           15  ...........
New Mexico.....................................            5            5  ...........            5  ...........
New York.......................................           33           33  ...........           33  ...........
North Carolina.................................           14  ...........           14  ...........           14
North Dakota...................................            3  ...........            3  ...........            3
Ohio...........................................           21           21  ...........           21  ...........
Oklahoma.......................................            8  ...........            8  ...........            8
Oregon.........................................            7            7  ...........            7  ...........
Pennsylvania...................................           23           23  ...........           23  ...........
Rhode Island...................................            4            4  ...........            4  ...........
South Carolina.................................            8  ...........            8  ...........            8
South Dakota...................................            3  ...........            3  ...........            3
Tennessee......................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
Texas..........................................           32  ...........           32  ...........           32
Utah...........................................            5  ...........            5  ...........            5
Vermont........................................            3            3  ...........            3  ...........
Virginia.......................................           13  ...........           13  ...........           13
Washington.....................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
West Virginia..................................            5            5  ...........            5  ...........
Wisconsin......................................           11           11  ...........           11  ...........
Wyoming........................................            3  ...........            3  ...........            3
      Total....................................          538          379          159          379          159
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [950]
                                                                   [950]
                            justices of the supreme court
            justices of the supreme court
       950
       950

                                        [950]

                                 JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT, 1789 TO 2000 \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                          Years
             Name \2\                State whence appointed    Date of commission       Date service        of
                                                                       \3\               terminated      service
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          chief justices

 1. John Jay......................  New York................  Sept. 26, 1789        June 29, 1795              5
 2. John Rutledge \4\.............  South Carolina..........  July 1, 1795          Dec. 15, 1795        (\5\)
 3. Oliver Ellsworth..............  Connecticut.............  Mar. 4, 1796          Dec. 15, 1800              4
 4. John Marshall.................  Virginia................  Jan. 31, 1801         July 6, 1835              34
 5. Roger Brooke Taney............  Maryland................  Mar. 15, 1836         Oct. 12, 1864             28
 6. Salmon Portland Chase.........  Ohio....................  Dec. 6, 1864          May 7, 1873                8
 7. Morrison Remick Waite.........  ....do..................  Jan. 21, 1874         Mar. 23, 1888             14
 8. Melville Weston Fuller........  Illinois................  July 20, 1888         July 4, 1910              21
 9. Edward Douglas White..........  Louisiana...............  Dec. 12, 1910         May 19, 1921          \5\ 10
10. William Howard Taft...........  Connecticut.............  June 30, 1921         Feb. 3, 1930               8
11. Charles Evans Hughes..........  New York................  Feb. 13, 1930         June 30, 1941         \5\ 11
12. Harlan Fiske Stone............  ......do................  July 3, 1941          Apr. 22, 1946          \5\ 4
13. Fred Moore Vinson.............  Kentucky................  June 21, 1946         Sept. 8, 1953              7
14. Earl Warren...................  California..............  Oct. 2, 1953          June 23, 1969             15
15. Warren E. Burger..............  Virginia................  June 23, 1969         Sept. 26, 1986            17
16. William Hubbs Rehnquist.......  Virginia................  Sept. 25, 1986        ...................  (\5\)

        associate justices

 1. John Rutledge.................  South Carolina..........  Sept. 26, 1789        Mar. 5, 1791               1
 2. William Cushing...............  Massachusetts...........  Sept. 27, 1789        Sept. 13, 1810            20
 3. James Wilson..................  Pennsylvania............  Sept. 29, 1789        Aug. 21, 1798              8
 4. John Blair....................  Virginia................  Sept. 30, 1789        Jan. 27, 1796              5
 5. James Iredell.................  North Carolina..........  Feb. 10, 1790         Oct. 20, 1799              9
 6. Thomas Johnson................  Maryland................  Nov. 7, 1791          Feb. 1, 1793               1
 7. William Paterson..............  New Jersey..............  Mar. 4, 1793          Sept. 9, 1806             13
 8. Samuel Chase..................  Maryland................  Jan. 27, 1796         June 19, 1811             15
 9. Bushrod Washington............  Virginia................  Dec. 20, 1798         Nov. 26, 1829             30
10. Alfred Moore..................  North Carolina..........  Dec. 10, 1799         Jan. 26, 1804              3
11. William Johnson...............  South Carolina..........  Mar. 26, 1804         Aug. 4, 1834              30
12. Henry B. Livingston...........  New York................  Nov. 10, 1806         Mar. 18, 1823             16
13. Thomas Todd...................  Kentucky................  Mar. 3, 1807          Feb. 7, 1826              18
14. Gabriel Duvall................  Maryland................  Nov. 18, 1811         Jan. 14, 1835             23
15. Joseph Story..................  Massachusetts...........  ......do              Sept. 10, 1845            33
16. Smith Thompson................  New York................  Dec. 9, 1823          Dec. 18, 1843             20
17. Robert Trimble................  Kentucky................  May 9, 1826           Aug. 25, 1828              2
18. John McLean...................  Ohio....................  Mar. 7, 1829          Apr. 4, 1861              31
19. Henry Baldwin.................  Pennsylvania............  Jan. 6, 1830          Apr. 21, 1844             14
20. James Moore Wayne.............  Georgia.................  Jan. 9, 1835          July 5, 1867              32
21. Philip Pendleton Barbour......  Virginia................  Mar. 15, 1836         Feb. 25, 1841              4
22. John Catron...................  Tennessee...............  Mar. 8, 1837          May 30, 1865              28
23. John McKinley.................  Alabama.................  Sept. 25, 1837        July 19, 1852             14
24. Peter Vivian Daniel...........  Virginia................  Mar. 3, 1841          May 31, 1860              18
25. Samuel Nelson.................  New York................  Feb. 13, 1845         Nov. 28, 1872             27
26. Levi Woodbury.................  New Hampshire...........  Sept. 20, 1845        Sept. 4, 1851              5
27. Robert Cooper Grier...........  Pennsylvania............  Aug. 4, 1846          Jan. 31, 1870             23
28. Benjamin Robbins Curtis.......  Massachusetts...........  Sept. 22, 1851        Sept. 30, 1857             6
29. John Archibald Campbell.......  Alabama.................  Mar. 22, 1853         Apr. 30, 1861              8
30. Nathan Clifford...............  Maine...................  Jan. 12, 1858         July 25, 1881             23
31. Noah Haynes Swayne............  Ohio....................  Jan. 24, 1862         Jan. 24, 1881             18
32. Samuel Freeman Miller.........  Iowa....................  July 16, 1862         Oct. 13, 1890             28
33. David Davis...................  Illinois................  Dec. 8, 1862          Mar. 4, 1877              14
34. Stephen Johnson Field.........  California..............  Mar. 10, 1863         Dec. 1, 1897              34
35. William Strong................  Pennsylvania............  Feb. 18, 1870         Dec. 14, 1880             10
36. Joseph P. Bradley.............  New Jersey..............  Mar. 21, 1870         Jan. 22, 1892             21
37. Ward Hunt.....................  New York................  Dec. 11, 1872         Jan. 27, 1882              9
38. John Marshall Harlan..........  Kentucky................  Nov. 29, 1877         Oct. 14, 1911             33
39. William Burnham Woods.........  Georgia.................  Dec. 21, 1880         May 14, 1887               6
40. Stanley Matthews..............  Ohio....................  May 12, 1881          Mar. 22, 1889              7
41. Horace Gray...................  Massachusetts...........  Dec. 20, 1881         Sept. 15, 1902            20
42. Samuel Blatchford.............  New York................  Mar. 22, 1882         July 7, 1893              11
43. Lucius Quintus C. Lamar.......  Mississippi.............  Jan. 16, 1888         Jan. 23, 1893              5
44. David Josiah Brewer...........  Kansas..................  Dec. 18, 1889         Mar. 28, 1910             20
45. Henry Billings Brown..........  Michigan................  Dec. 29, 1890         May 28, 1906              15
46. George Shiras, Jr.............  Pennsylvania............  July 26, 1892         Feb. 23, 1903             10
47. Howell Edmunds Jackson........  Tennessee...............  Feb. 18, 1893         Aug. 8, 1895               2
48. Edward Douglas White..........  Louisiana...............  Feb. 19, 1894         Dec. 18, 1910             16
49. Rufus Wheeler Peckham.........  New York................  Dec. 9, 1895          Oct. 24, 1909             13
50. Joseph McKenna................  California..............  Jan. 21, 1898         Jan. 5, 1925              26
51. Oliver Wendell Holmes.........  Massachusetts...........  Dec. 4, 1902          Jan. 12, 1932             29
52. William Rufus Day.............  Ohio....................  Feb. 23, 1903         Nov. 13, 1922             19
53. William Henry Moody...........  Massachusetts...........  Dec. 12, 1906         Nov. 20, 1910              3
54. Horace Harmon Lurton..........  Tennessee...............  Dec. 20, 1909         July 12, 1914              4
55. Charles Evans Hughes..........  New York................  May 2, 1910           June 10, 1916              5
56. Willis Van Devanter...........  Wyoming.................  Dec. 16, 1910         June 2, 1937              26
57. Joseph Rucker Lamar...........  Georgia.................  Dec. 17, 1910         Jan. 2, 1916               4
58. Mahlon Pitney.................  New Jersey..............  Mar. 13, 1912         Dec. 31, 1922             10
59. James Clark McReynolds........  Tennessee...............  Aug. 29, 1914         Jan. 31, 1941             26
60. Louis Dembitz Brandeis........  Massachusetts...........  June 1, 1916          Feb. 13, 1939             22
61. John Hessin Clarke............  Ohio....................  July 24, 1916         Sept. 18, 1922             5
62. George Sutherland.............  Utah....................  Sept. 5, 1922         Jan. 17, 1938             15
63. Pierce Butler.................  Minnesota...............  Dec. 21, 1922         Nov. 16, 1939             16
64. Edward Terry Sanford..........  Tennessee...............  Jan. 29, 1923         Mar. 8, 1930               7
65. Harlan Fiske Stone............  New York................  Feb. 5, 1925          July 2, 1941              16
66. Owen Josephus Roberts.........  Pennsylvania............  May 20, 1930          July 31, 1945             15
67. Benjamin Nathan Cardozo.......  New York................  Mar. 2, 1932          July 9, 1938               6
68. Hugo Lafayette Black..........  Alabama.................  Aug. 18, 1937         Sept. 17, 1971            34
69. Stanley Forman Reed...........  Kentucky................  Jan. 27, 1938         Feb. 25, 1957             19
70. Felix Frankfurter.............  Massachusetts...........  Jan. 20, 1939         Aug. 28, 1962             23
71. William Orville Douglas.......  Connecticut.............  Apr. 15, 1939         Nov. 12, 1975             36
72. Frank Murphy..................  Michigan................  Jan. 18, 1940         July 19, 1949              9
73. James Francis Byrnes..........  South Carolina..........  June 25, 1941         Oct. 3, 1942               1
74. Robert Houghwout Jackson......  New York................  July 11, 1941         Oct. 9, 1954              13
75. Wiley Blount Rutledge.........  Iowa....................  Feb. 11, 1943         Sept. 10, 1949             6
76. Harold Hitz Burton............  Ohio....................  Sept. 22, 1945        Oct. 13, 1958             13
77. Thomas Campbell Clark.........  Texas...................  Aug. 19, 1949         June 12, 1967             17
78. Sherman Minton................  Indiana.................  Oct. 5, 1949          Oct. 15, 1956              7
79. John Marshall Harlan..........  New York................  Mar. 17, 1955         Sept. 23, 1971            16
80. William J. Brennan, Jr........  New Jersey..............  Oct. 15, 1956         July 20, 1990             34
81. Charles Evans Whittaker.......  Missouri................  Mar. 22, 1957         Mar. 31, 1962              5
82. Potter Stewart................  Ohio....................  Oct. 14, 1958         July 3, 1981              23
83. Byron R. White................  Colorado................  Apr. 12, 1962         June 28, 1993             31
84. Arthur J. Goldberg............  Illinois................  Sept. 28, 1962        July 25, 1965              2
85. Abe Fortas....................  Tennessee...............  Aug. 11, 1965         May 14, 1969               3
86. Thurgood Marshall.............  New York................  Aug. 30, 1967         Oct. 1, 1991              24
87. Harry A. Blackmun.............  Minnesota...............  May 14, 1970          Aug. 3, 1994              24
88. Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr.....  Virginia................  Dec. 9, 1971          June 26, 1987             16
89. William Hubbs Rehnquist.......  Arizona.................  Dec. 15, 1971         Sept. 25, 1986            15
90. John Paul Stevens.............  Illinois................  Dec. 17, 1975         ...................  .......
91. Sandra Day O'Connor...........  Arizona.................  Sept. 22, 1981        ...................  .......
92. Antonin Scalia................  Virginia................  Sept. 25, 1986        ...................  .......
93. Anthony M. Kennedy............  California..............  Feb. 18, 1988         ...................  .......
94. David Hackett Souter..........  New Hampshire...........  Oct. 29, 1990         ...................  .......
95. Clarence Thomas...............  Georgia.................  Oct. 23, 1991         ...................  .......
96. Ruth Bader Ginsburg...........  New York................  Aug. 10, 1993         ...................  .......
97. Stephen G. Breyer.............  Massachusetts...........  Aug. 3, 1994          ...................  .......
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Source: Marshal, Supreme Court of the United States.
\2\The acceptance of the appointment and commission by the appointee, as evidenced by the taking of the
  prescribed oaths, is here implied, otherwise the individual is not carried on this list of the Members of the
  Court. Examples: Robert Hanson Harrison is not carried, as a letter from President Washington of February 9,
  1790, states Harrison declined to serve; neither is Edwin M. Stanton, who died before he could take the
  necessary steps toward becoming a Member of the Court. Chief Justice Rutledge is included because he took his
  oaths and presided over the August term of 1795, his name appearing on two opinions of the Court for that
  term.
\3\Where a Member received two commissions the one entered on the Court's Minutes is here used.
\4\Commissioned July 1, 1795 (during adjournment of Congress); presided at August term, 1795. Nomination
  rejected by the Senate Dec. 15, 1795.
\5\Also served as Associate Justice.


              
                                                                     951
            951

                                              SECRETARIES OF STATE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Thomas Jefferson....................  Sept. 26, 1789             George Washington.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1793                   Do.
 2. Edmund Randolph.....................  Jan. 2, 1794                   Do.
 3. Timothy Pickering...................  Dec. 10, 1795                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1797               John Adams.
 4. John Marshall.......................  May 13, 1800                   Do.
 5. James Madison.......................  Mar. 5, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1805                   Do.
 6. Robert Smith........................  Mar. 6, 1809               James Madison.
 7. James Monroe........................  Apr. 2, 1811                   Do.
      Do................................  Feb. 28, 1815                  Do.
 8. John Quincy Adams...................  Mar. 5, 1817               James Monroe.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
 9. Henry Clay..........................  Mar. 7, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
10. Martin Van Buren....................  Mar. 6, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
11. Edward Livingston...................  May 24, 1831                   Do.
12. Louis McLane........................  May 29, 1833                   Do.
13. John Forsyth........................  June 27, 1834                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
14. Daniel Webster......................  Mar. 5, 1841               William H. Harrison.
      Do................................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
15. Abel P. Upshur......................  July 24, 1843                  Do.
16. John C. Calhoun.....................  Mar. 6, 1844                   Do.
17. James Buchanan......................  Mar. 6, 1845               James K. Polk.
18. John M. Clayton.....................  Mar. 7, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
19. Daniel Webster......................  July 22, 1850              Millard Fillmore.
20. Edward Everett......................  Nov. 6, 1852                   Do
21. William L. Marcy....................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
22. Lewis Cass..........................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
23. Jeremiah S. Black...................  Dec. 17, 1860                  Do.
24. William H. Seward...................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
       Do...............................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
25. Elihu B. Washburne..................  Mar. 5, 1869               Ulysses S. Grant.
26. Hamilton Fish.......................  Mar. 11, 1869                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
27. William M. Evarts...................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.
28. James G. Blaine.....................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
29. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen..........  Dec. 12, 1881              Chester A. Arthur.
30. Thomas F. Bayard....................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
31. James G. Blaine.....................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
32. John W. Foster......................  June 29, 1892                  Do.
33. Walter Q. Gresham...................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
34. Richard Olney.......................  June 8, 1895                   Do.
35. John Sherman........................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
36. William R. Day......................  Apr. 26, 1898                  Do.
37. John Hay............................  Sept. 20, 1898                 Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905               Theodore Roosevelt.
38. Elihu Root..........................  July 7, 1905                   Do.
39. Robert Bacon........................  Jan. 27, 1909                  Do.
40. Philander C. Knox...................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
41. William Jennings Bryan..............  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
42. Robert Lansing......................  June 23, 1915                  Do.
43. Bainbridge Colby....................  Mar. 22, 1920                  Do.
44. Charles Evans Hughes................  Mar. 4, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
45. Frank B. Kellogg....................  Feb. 18, 1925                  Do.
46. Henry Lewis Stimson.................  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
47. Cordell Hull........................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
48. Edward R. Stettinius, Jr............  Nov. 30, 1944                  Do.
49. James F. Byrnes.....................  July 2, 1945               Harry S. Truman.
50. George C. Marshall..................  Jan. 8, 1947                   Do.
51. Dean G. Acheson.....................  Jan. 19, 1949                  Do.
52. John Foster Dulles..................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
53. Christian A. Herter.................  Apr. 21, 1959                  Do.
54. Dean Rusk...........................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
       Do...............................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
55. William P. Rogers...................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
56. Henry A. Kissinger..................  Sept. 21, 1973                 Do.
      Do................................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
57. Cyrus Vance.........................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
58. Edmund S. Muskie....................  May 8, 1980                    Do.
59. Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr............  Jan. 22, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
60. George P. Shultz....................  July 16, 1982                  Do.
61. James A. Baker III..................  Jan. 27, 1989              George Bush.
62. Lawrence S. Eagleburger.............  Dec. 10, 1992                  Do.
63. Warren Christopher..................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
64. Madeleine K. Albright...............  Jan. 23, 1997                  Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                                     952
            952

                                           SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Alexander Hamilton..................  Sept. 11, 1789             George Washington.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1793                   Do.
 2. Oliver Wolcott, Jr..................  Feb. 2, 1795                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1797               John Adams.
 3. Samuel Dexter.......................  Jan. 1, 1801                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
 4. Albert Gallatin.....................  May 14, 1801                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1805                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1809               James Madison.
 5. George W. Campbell..................  Feb. 9, 1814                   Do.
 6. Alexander J. Dallas.................  Oct. 6, 1814                   Do.
 7. William H. Crawford.................  Oct. 22, 1816                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1817               James Monroe.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
 8. Richard Rush........................  Mar. 7, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
 9. Samuel D. Ingham....................  Mar. 6, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
10. Louis McLane........................  Aug. 8, 1831                   Do.
11. William J. Duane....................  May 29, 1833                   Do.
12. Roger B. Taney......................  Sept. 23, 1833                 Do.
13. Levi Woodbury.......................  June 27, 1834                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
14. Thomas Ewing........................  Mar. 5, 1841               William H. Harrison.
       Do...............................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
15. Walter Forward......................  Sept. 13, 1841                 Do.
16. John C. Spencer.....................  Mar. 3, 1843                   Do.
17. George M. Bibb......................  June 15, 1844                  Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  James K. Polk.
18. Robert J. Walker....................  Mar. 6, 1845                   Do.
19. William M. Meredith.................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
       Do...............................  .........................  Millard Fillmore.
20. Thomas Corwin.......................  July 23, 1850                  Do.
21. James Guthrie.......................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
22. Howell Cobb.........................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
23. Phillip F. Thomas...................  Dec. 12, 1860                  Do.
24. John A. Dix.........................  Jan. 11, 1861                  Do.
25. Salmon P. Chase.....................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
26. William Pitt Fessenden..............  July 1, 1864                   Do.
27. Hugh McCulloch......................  Mar. 7, 1865                   Do.
       Do...............................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
28. George S. Boutwell..................  Mar. 11, 1869              Ulysses S. Grant.
29. William A. Richardson...............  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
30. Benjamin H. Bristow.................  June 2, 1874                   Do.
31. Lot M. Morrill......................  June 21, 1876                  Do.
       Do...............................  June 21, 1876              Rutherford B. Hayes.
32. John Sherman........................  Mar. 8, 1877                   Do.
33. William Windom......................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
34. Charles J. Folger...................  Oct. 27, 1881              Chester A. Arthur.
35. Walter Q. Gresham...................  Sept. 24, 1884                 Do.
36. Hugh McCulloch......................  Oct. 28, 1884                  Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Grover Cleveland.
37. Daniel Manning......................  Mar. 6, 1885                   Do.
38. Charles S. Fairchild................  Apr. 1, 1887                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Benjamin Harrison.
39. William Windom......................  Mar. 5, 1889                   Do.
40. Charles Foster......................  Feb. 24, 1891                  Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Grover Cleveland.
41. John G. Carlisle....................  Mar. 6, 1893                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  William McKinley.
42. Lyman J. Gage.......................  Mar. 5, 1897                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
43. Leslie M. Shaw......................  Jan. 9, 1902               Theodore Roosevelt.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do.
44. George B. Cortelyou.................  Mar. 4, 1907                   Do.
45. Franklin MacVeagh...................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
46. William G. McAdoo...................  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
47. Carter Glass........................  Dec. 6, 1918                   Do.
48. David Franklin Houston..............  Jan. 31, 1920                  Do.
49. Andrew W. Mellon....................  Mar. 4, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
       Do...............................  .........................  Herbert C. Hoover.
50. Ogden L. Mills......................  Feb. 10, 1932                  Do.
51. William H. Woodin...................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
52. Henry Morgenthau, Jr................  Jan. 1, 1934                   Do.
      Do................................  .........................  Harry S. Truman.
53. Fred M. Vinson......................  July 18, 1945                  Do.
54. John W. Snyder......................  June 12, 1946                  Do.
55. George M. Humphrey..................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
56. Robert B. Anderson..................  July 29, 1957                  Do.
57. Douglas Dillon......................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
58. Henry H. Fowler.....................  Apr. 1, 1965               Lyndon B. Johnson.
59. Joseph W. Barr\1\...................  Dec. 21, 1968                  Do.
60. David M. Kennedy....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
61. John B. Connally....................  Feb. 11, 1971                  Do.
62. George P. Shultz....................  June 12, 1972                  Do.
63. William E. Simon....................  May 7, 1974                    Do.
      Do................................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
64. W. Michael Blumenthal...............  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
65. G. William Miller...................  Aug. 6, 1979                   Do.
66. Donald T. Regan.....................  Jan. 22, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
67. James A. Baker, III.................  Feb. 3, 1985                   Do.
68. Nicholas F. Brady...................  Sept. 15, 1988                 Do.
      Do................................  .........................  George Bush.
69. Lloyd Bentsen.......................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
70. Robert E. Rubin.....................  Jan. 10, 1995                  Do.
71. Lawrence H. Summers.................  July 2, 1999                   Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Received new commission Jan. 9, 1969, upon confirmation by the Senate.


                                                                     953
            953

                                             SECRETARIES OF DEFENSE*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. James V. Forrestal..................  July 28, 1947              Harry S. Truman.
 2. Louis A. Johnson....................  Mar. 23, 1949                  Do.
 3. George C. Marshall..................  Sept. 20, 1950                 Do.
 4. Robert A. Lovett....................  Sept. 14, 1951                 Do.
 5. Charles E. Wilson...................  Jan. 26, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
 6. Neil Hosler McElroy.................  Oct. 4, 1957                   Do.
 7. Thomas Sovereign Gates, Jr..........  Dec. 1, 1959                   Do.
 8. Robert S. McNamara..................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
       Do...............................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
 9. Clark M. Clifford...................  Mar. 1, 1968                   Do.
10. Melvin R. Laird.....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
11. Elliot L. Richardson................  Feb. 2, 1973                   Do.
12. James R. Schlesinger................  June 29, 1973                  Do.
       Do...............................  June 29, 1973              Gerald R. Ford.
13. Donald Rumsfeld.....................  Nov. 18, 1975                  Do.
14. Harold Brown........................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
15. Caspar Willard Weinberger...........  Jan. 20, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
16. Frank C. Carlucci...................  Nov. 23, 1987                  Do.
17. Richard B. Cheney...................  Mar. 17, 1989              George Bush.
18. Les Aspin...........................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
19. William J. Perry....................  Feb. 3, 1994                   Do.
20. William S. Cohen....................  Jan. 24, 1997                  Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The National Security Act of 1947, Public Law 253, 80th Cong., approved July 26, 1947, created the office of
  Secretary of Defense and merged the War and Navy Departments into the National Military Establishment.


                                                                     954
            954

                                               SECRETARIES OF WAR*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Harry Knox..........................  Sept. 12, 1789             George Washington.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1793                   Do.
 2. Timothy Pickering...................  Jan. 2, 1795                   Do.
 3. James McHenry.......................  Jan. 27, 1796                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1797               John Adams.
 4. Samuel Dexter.......................  May 13, 1800                   Do.
 5. Roger Griswold......................  Feb. 3, 1801                   Do.
 6. Henry Dearborn......................  Mar. 5, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1805                   Do.
 7. William Eustis......................  Mar. 7, 1809               James Madison.
 8. John Armstrong......................  Jan. 13, 1813                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1813                   Do.
 9. James Monroe........................  Sept. 27, 1814                 Do.
10. William H. Crawford.................  Aug. 1, 1815                   Do.
11. George Graham.......................  Apr. 7, 1817               James Monroe.
12. John C. Calhoun.....................  Oct. 8, 1817                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
13. James Barbour.......................  Mar. 7, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
14. Peter B. Porter.....................  May 26, 1828                   Do.
15. John H. Eaton.......................  Mar. 9, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
16. Lewis Cass..........................  Aug. 1, 1831                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1833                   Do.
17. Joel R. Poinsett....................  Mar. 7, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
18. John Bell...........................  Mar. 5, 1841               William H. Harrison.
       Do...............................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
19. John McLean.........................  Sept. 13, 1841                 Do.
20. John C. Spencer.....................  Oct. 12, 1841                  Do.
21. James M. Porter.....................  Mar. 8, 1843                   Do.
22. William Wilkins.....................  Feb. 15, 1844                  Do.
23. William L. Marcy....................  Mar. 6, 1845               James K. Polk.
24. George W. Crawford..................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
25. Charles M. Conard...................  Aug. 15, 1850              Millard Fillmore.
26. Jefferson Davis.....................  Mar. 17, 1853              Franklin Pierce.
27. John B. Floyd.......................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
28. Joseph Holt.........................  Jan. 18, 1861                  Do.
29. Simon Cameron.......................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
30. Edwin M. Stanton....................  Jan. 15, 1862                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
       Do...............................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
31. Ulysses S. Grant....................  Aug. 12, 1867                  Do.
32. Lorenzo Thomas......................  Feb. 21, 1868                  Do.
33. John M. Schofield...................  May 28, 1868                   Do.
34. John A. Rawlins.....................  Mar. 11, 1869              Ulysses S. Grant.
William T. Sherman......................  Sept. 9, 1869                  Do.
35. William W. Belknap..................  Oct. 25, 1869                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
36. Alphonso Taft.......................  Mar. 8, 1876                   Do.
37. James D. Cameron....................  May 22, 1876                   Do.
38. George W. McCrary...................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.
39. Alexander Ramsey....................  Dec. 10, 1879                  Do.
40. Robert T. Lincoln...................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
       Do...............................  Sept. 20, 1881             Chester A. Arthur.
41. William C. Endicott.................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
42. Redfield Proctor....................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
43. Stephen B. Elkins...................  Dec. 22, 1891                  Do.
44. Daniel S. Lamont....................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
45. Russell A. Alger....................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
46. Elihu Root..........................  Aug. 1, 1899                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
47. William H. Taft.....................  Feb. 1, 1904               Theodore Roosevelt.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do.
48. Luke E. Wright......................  June 29, 1908                  Do.
49. Jacob M. Dickinson..................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
50. Henry Lewis Stimson.................  May 16, 1911                   Do.
51. Lindley M. Garrison.................  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
52. Newton D. Baker.....................  Mar. 7, 1916                   Do.
53. John Wingate Weeks..................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
54. Dwight F. Davis.....................  Oct. 13, 1925                  Do.
55. James William Good..................  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
56. Patrick J. Hurley...................  Dec. 9, 1929                   Do.
57. George H. Dern......................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
58. Harry Hines Woodring................  Sept. 25, 1936                 Do.
59. Henry Lewis Stimson.................  July 10, 1940                  Do.
60. Robert P. Patterson.................  Sept. 26, 1945             Harry S. Truman.
61. Kenneth C. Royall...................  July 21, 1947                  Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The National Security Act of 1947, Public Law 253, 80th Cong., approved July 26, 1947, created the office of
  Secretary of Defense and merged the War and Navy Departments into the National Military Establishment.


                                                                     955
            955

                                                ATTORNEYS GENERAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Edmund Randolph.....................  Sept. 26, 1789             George Washington.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1793                   Do.
 2. William Bradford....................  Jan. 27, 1794                  Do.
 3. Charles Lee.........................  Dec. 10, 1795                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1797               John Adams.
 4. Theophilus Parsons (declined).......  Feb. 20, 1801                  Do.
 5. Levi Lincoln........................  Mar. 5, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
 6. Robert Smith\1\.....................  Mar. 3, 1805                   Do.
 7. John Breckenridge...................  Aug. 7, 1805                   Do.
 8. Caesar A. Rodney....................  Jan. 20, 1807                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1809               James Madison.
 9. William Pinckney....................  Dec. 11, 1811                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1813                   Do.
10. Richard Rush........................  Feb. 10, 1814                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1817               James Monroe.
11. William Wirt........................  Nov. 13, 1817                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
12. John M. Berrien.....................  Mar. 9, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
13. Roger B. Taney......................  July 20, 1831                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1833                   Do.
14. Benjamin F. Butler..................  Nov. 15, 1833                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
15. Felix Grundy........................  July 5, 1838                   Do.
16. Henry D. Gilpin.....................  Jan. 11, 1840                  Do.
17. John J. Crittenden..................  Mar. 5, 1841               William H. Harrison.
       Do...............................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
18. Hugh S. Legare......................  Sept. 13, 1841                 Do.
19. John Nelson.........................  July 1, 1843                   Do.
20. John Y. Mason.......................  Mar. 6, 1845               James K. Polk.
21. Nathan Clifford.....................  Oct. 17, 1846                  Do.
22. Isaac Toucey........................  June 21, 1848                  Do.
23. Reverdy Johnson.....................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
24. John J. Crittenden..................  July 22, 1850              Millard Fillmore.
25. Caleb Cushing.......................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
26. Jeremiah S. Black...................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
27. Edwin M. Stanton....................  Dec. 20, 1860                  Do.
28. Edward Bates........................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
29. Titian J. Coffey\2\.................  June 22, 1863                  Do.
30. James Speed.........................  Dec. 2, 1864                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
       Do...............................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
31. Henry Stanbery......................  July 23, 1866                  Do.
32. William M. Evarts...................  July 15, 1868                  Do.
33. E. Rockwood Hoar....................  Mar. 5, 1869               Ulysses S. Grant.
34. Amos T. Ackerman....................  June 23, 1870                  Do.
35. George H. Williams..................  Dec. 14, 1871                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
36. Edwards Pierrepont..................  Apr. 26, 1875                  Do.
37. Alphonso Taft.......................  May 22, 1876                   Do.
38. Charles Devens......................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.
39. Wayne MacVeagh......................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
40. Benjamin H. Brewster................  Dec. 19, 1881              Chester A. Arthur.
41. Augustus H. Garland.................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
42. William H. H. Miller................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
43. Richard Olney.......................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
44. Judson Harmon.......................  June 8, 1895                   Do.
45. Joseph McKenna......................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
46. John W. Griggs......................  Jan. 25, 1898                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
47. Philander C. Knox...................  Apr. 5, 1901                   Do.
48. William H. Moody....................  July 1, 1904               Theodore Roosevelt.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do.
49. Charles J. Bonaparte................  Dec. 12, 1906                  Do.
50. George W. Wickersham................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
51. James Clark McReynolds..............  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
52. Thomas Watt Gregory.................  Aug. 29, 1914                  Do.
53. A. Mitchell Palmer..................  Mar. 5, 1919                   Do.
54. Harry M. Daugherty..................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
55. Harlan F. Stone.....................  Apr. 7, 1924                   Do.
56. John G. Sargent.....................  Mar. 18, 1925                  Do.
57. William DeWitt Mitchell.............  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
58. Homer S. Cummings...................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
59. Frank Murphy........................  Jan. 2, 1939                   Do.
60. Robert H. Jackson...................  Jan. 18, 1940                  Do.
61. Francis Biddle......................  Sept. 5, 1941                  Do.
62. Tom C. Clark........................  June 15, 1945              Harry S. Truman.
63. J. Howard McGrath...................  Aug. 19, 1949                  Do.
64. James P. McGranery..................  May 21, 1952                   Do.
65. Herbert Brownell, Jr................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
66. William P. Rogers...................  Jan. 27, 1958                  Do.
67. Robert F. Kennedy...................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
       Do...............................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
68. Nicholas deB. Katzenbach............  Feb. 11, 1965                  Do.
69. Ramsey Clark........................  Mar. 2, 1967                   Do.
70. John N. Mitchell....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
71. Richard G. Kleindienst..............  June 12, 1972                  Do.
72. Elliot L. Richardson................  May 24, 1973                   Do.
73. William B. Saxbe....................  Jan. 4, 1974                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
74. Edward Hirsch Levi..................  Feb. 6, 1975                   Do.
75. Griffin B. Bell.....................  Jan. 26, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
76. Benjamin R. Civiletti...............  Aug. 16, 1979                  Do.
77. William French Smith................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
78. Edwin Meese III.....................  Feb. 23, 1985                  Do.
79. Richard L. Thornburgh...............  Aug. 12, 1988                  Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  George Bush.
80. William P. Barr.....................  Nov. 26, 1991                  Do.
81. Janet Reno..........................  Mar. 12, 1993              William J. Clinton.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Appointed, but did not serve.
\2\Appointed Assistant Attorney General.


                                                                     956
            956

                                              POSTMASTERS GENERAL*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Samuel Osgood.......................  Sept. 26, 1789             George Washington.
 2. Timothy Pickering...................  Aug. 12, 1791                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1793                   Do.
 3. Joseph Habersham....................  Feb. 25, 1795                  Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1797               John Adams.
       Do...............................  Mar. 4, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
 4. Gideon Granger......................  Nov. 28, 1801                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1805                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1809               James Madison.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1813                   Do.
 5. Return J. Meigs, Jr.................  Mar. 17, 1814                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1817               James Monroe.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
 6. John McLean.........................  June 26, 1823                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
 7. William T. Barry....................  Mar. 9, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1833                   Do.
 8. Amos Kendall........................  May 1, 1835                    Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
 9. John M. Niles.......................  May 19, 1840                   Do.
10. Francis Granger.....................  Mar. 6, 1841               William H. Harrison.
      Do................................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
11. Charles A. Wickliffe................  Sept. 13, 1841                 Do.
12. Cave Johnson........................  Mar. 6, 1845               James K. Polk.
13. Jacob Collamer......................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
14. Nathan K. Hall......................  July 23, 1850              Millard Fillmore.
15. Samuel D. Hubbard...................  Aug. 31, 1852                  Do.
16. James Campbell......................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
17. Aaron V. Brown......................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
18. Joseph Holt.........................  Mar. 14, 1859                  Do.
19. Horatio King........................  Feb. 12, 1861                  Do.
20. Montgomery Blair....................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
21. William Dennison....................  Sept. 24, 1864                 Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
      Do................................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
22. Alexander W. Randall................  July 25, 1866                  Do.
23. John A. Creswell....................  Mar. 5, 1869               Ulysses S. Grant.
      Do................................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
   James W. Marshal.....................  July 3, 1874                   Do.
24. Marshall Jewell.....................  Aug. 24, 1874                  Do.
25. James N. Tyner......................  July 12, 1876                  Do.
26. David M. Key........................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.
27. Horace Maynard......................  June 2, 1880                   Do.
28. Thomas L. James.....................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
      Do................................  Oct. 27, 1881              Chester A. Arthur.
29. Timothy O. Howe.....................  Dec. 20, 1881                  Do.
30. Walter Q. Gresham...................  Apr. 3, 1883                   Do.
31. Frank Hatton........................  Oct. 14, 1884                  Do.
32. William F. Vilas....................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
33. Don M. Dickinson....................  Jan. 16, 1888                  Do.
34. John Wanamaker......................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
35. Wilson S. Bissell...................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
36. William L. Wilson...................  Mar. 1, 1895                   Do.
37. James A. Gary.......................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
38. Charles Emory Smith.................  Apr. 21, 1898                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
39. Henry C. Payne......................  Jan. 9, 1902               Theodore Roosevelt.
40. Robert J. Wynne.....................  Oct. 10, 1904                  Do.
41. George B. Cortelyou.................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do.
42. George von L. Meyer.................  Mar. 4, 1907                   Do.
43. Frank H. Hitchcock..................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
44. Albert Sidney Burleson..............  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
45. Will H. Hays........................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
46. Hubert Work.........................  Mar. 4, 1922                   Do.
47. Harry S. New........................  Feb. 27, 1923                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1925               Calvin Coolidge.
48. Walter Folger Brown.................  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
49. James A. Farley.....................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
50. Frank C. Walker.....................  Sept. 11, 1940                 Do.
51. Robert E. Hannegan..................  May 8, 1945                Harry S. Truman.
52. Jesse M. Donaldson..................  Dec. 16, 1947                  Do.
53. Arthur E. Summerfield...............  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
54. J. Edward Day.......................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
55. John A. Gronouski...................  Sept. 30, 1963                 Do.
      Do................................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
56. Lawrence F. O'Brien.................  Nov. 3, 1965                   Do.
57. W. Marvin Watson....................  Apr. 26, 1968                  Do.
58. Winton M. Blount....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Post Office Department ceased to exist as a Cabinet Department upon the establishment of the United States
  Postal Service, effective July 1, 1971. Winton M. Blount was the last Postmaster General to be appointed by a
  President of the United States.


                                                                     957
            957

                                            SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Benjamin Stoddert...................  May 21, 1798               John Adams.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1801               Thomas Jefferson.
 2. Robert Smith........................  July 15, 1801                  Do.
 3. Jacob Crowninshield\1\..............  Mar. 3, 1805                   Do.
 4. Paul Hamilton.......................  Mar. 7, 1809               James Madison.
 5. William Jones.......................  Jan. 12, 1813                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1813                   Do.
 6. Benjamin W. Crowninshield...........  Dec. 19, 1814                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1817               James Monroe.
 7. Smith Thompson......................  Nov. 9, 1818                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1821                   Do.
 8. Samuel L. Southard..................  Sept. 18, 1823                 Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1825               John Quincy Adams.
 9. John Branch.........................  Mar. 9, 1829               Andrew Jackson.
10. Levi Woodbury.......................  May 23, 1831                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1833                   Do.
11. Mahlon Dickerson....................  June 30, 1834                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1837               Martin Van Buren.
12. James K. Paulding...................  June 25, 1838                  Do.
13. George E. Badger....................  Mar. 5, 1841               William H. Harrison.
      Do................................  Apr. 6, 1841               John Tyler.
14. Abel P. Upshur......................  Sept. 13, 1841                 Do.
15. David Henshaw.......................  July 24, 1843                  Do.
16. Thomas W. Gilmer....................  Feb. 15, 1844                  Do.
17. John Y. Mason.......................  Mar. 14, 1844                  Do.
18. George Bancroft.....................  Mar. 10, 1845              James K. Polk.
19. John Y. Mason.......................  Sept. 9, 1846                  Do.
20. William B. Preston..................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
21. William A. Graham...................  July 22, 1850              Millard Fillmore.
22. John P. Kennedy.....................  July 22, 1852                  Do.
23. James C. Dobbin.....................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
24. Isaac Toucey........................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
25. Gideon Welles.......................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
      Do................................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
26. Adolph E. Borie.....................  Mar. 5, 1869               Ulysses S. Grant.
27. George M. Robeson...................  June 25, 1869                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
28. Richard W. Thompson.................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.
29. Nathan Goff, Jr.....................  Jan. 6, 1881                   Do.
30. William H. Hunt.....................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
31. William E. Chandler.................  Apr. 12, 1882              Chester A. Arthur.
32. William C. Whitney..................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
33. Benjamin F. Tracy...................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
34. Hilary A. Herbert...................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
35. John D. Long........................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
36. William H. Moody....................  Apr. 29, 1902              Theodore Roosevelt.
37. Paul Morton.........................  July 1, 1904                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do.
38. Charles J. Bonaparte................  July 1, 1905               Theodore Roosevelt.
39. Victor H. Metcalf...................  Dec. 12, 1906                  Do.
40. Trueman H. Newberry.................  Dec. 1, 1908                   Do.
41. George von L. Meyer.................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
42. Josephus Daniels....................  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
43. Edwin Denby.........................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
      Do................................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
44. Curtis D. Wilbur....................  Mar. 18, 1924                  Do.
45. Charles Francis Adams...............  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
46. Claude A. Swanson...................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
47. Charles Edison......................  Dec. 30, 1939                  Do.
48. Frank Knox..........................  July 10, 1940                  Do.
49. James V. Forrestal..................  May 18, 1944                   Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Navy and War Departments were merged into the National Military Establishment by Public Law 253, 80th
  Cong., approved July 26, 1947.
\1\Declined the position and never entered on duty.


                                                                     958
            958

                                           SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Thomas Ewing........................  Mar. 8, 1849               Zachary Taylor.
 2. Thomas M. T. McKennan...............  Aug. 15, 1850              Millard Fillmore.
 3. Alex H. H. Stuart...................  Sept. 12, 1850                 Do.
 4. Robert McClelland...................  Mar. 7, 1853               Franklin Pierce.
 5. Jacob Thompson......................  Mar. 6, 1857               James Buchanan.
 6. Caleb B. Smith......................  Mar. 5, 1861               Abraham Lincoln.
 7. John P. Usher.......................  Jan. 1, 1863                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 4, 1865                   Do.
      Do................................  Apr. 15, 1865              Andrew Johnson.
 8. James Harlan........................  May 15, 1865                   Do.
 9. Orville H. Browning.................  July 27, 1866                  Do.
10. Jacob D. Cox........................  Mar. 5, 1869               Ulysses S. Grant.
11. Columbus Delano.....................  Nov. 1, 1870                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 17, 1873                  Do.
12. Zachariah Chandler..................  Oct. 19, 1875                  Do.
13. Carl Schurz.........................  Mar. 12, 1877              Rutherford B. Hayes.
14. Samuel J. Kirkwood..................  Mar. 5, 1881               James A. Garfield.
15. Henry M. Teller.....................  Apr. 6, 1882               Chester A. Arthur.
16. Lucius Q. C. Lamar..................  Mar. 6, 1885               Grover Cleveland.
17. William F. Vilas....................  Jan. 16, 1888                  Do.
18. John W. Noble.......................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
19. Hoke Smith..........................  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
20. David R. Francis....................  Sept. 1, 1896                  Do.
21. Cornelius N. Bliss..................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
22. Ethan Allen Hitchcock...............  Dec. 21, 1898                  Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
      Do................................  Mar. 6, 1905               Theodore Roosevelt.
23. James R. Garfield...................  Jan. 15, 1907                  Do.
24. Richard A. Ballinger................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
25. Walter L. Fisher....................  Mar. 7, 1911                   Do.
26. Franklin Knight Lane................  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
27. John Barton Payne...................  Feb. 28, 1920                  Do.
28. Albert Bacon Fall...................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
29. Hubert Work.........................  Feb. 27, 1923                  Do.
      Do................................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
30. Ray O. West.........................  July 20, 1928                  Do.
31. Ray Lyman Wilbur....................  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
32. Harold L. Ickes.....................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
33. Julius A. Krug......................  Mar. 6, 1946               Harry S. Truman.
34. Oscar L. Chapman....................  Nov. 25, 1949                  Do.
35. Douglas McKay.......................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
36. Frederick A. Seaton.................  June 6, 1956                   Do.
37. Stewart Lee Udall...................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
      Do................................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
38. Walter J. Hickel....................  Jan. 24, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
39. Rogers C. B. Morton.................  Jan. 29, 1971                  Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
40. Stanley K. Hathaway.................  June 12, 1975                  Do.
41. Thomas S. Kleppe....................  Oct. 13, 1975                  Do.
42. Cecil D. Andrus.....................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
43. James Gaius Watt....................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
44. William P. Clark....................  Nov. 18, 1983                  Do.
45. Donald P. Hodel.....................  Feb. 7, 1985                   Do.
46. Manuel Lujan, Jr....................  Feb. 3, 1989               George Bush.
47. Bruce Babbitt.......................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                                     959
            959

                                           SECRETARIES OF AGRICULTURE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Norman J. Coleman...................  Feb. 13, 1889              Grover Cleveland.
 2. Jeremiah M. Rusk....................  Mar. 5, 1889               Benjamin Harrison.
 3. Julius Sterling Morton..............  Mar. 6, 1893               Grover Cleveland.
 4. James Wilson........................  Mar. 5, 1897               William McKinley.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1901                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905               Theodore Roosevelt.
       Do...............................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
 5. David Franklin Houston..............  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
 6. Edwin Thomas Meredith...............  Jan. 31, 1920                  Do.
 7. Henry C. Wallace....................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
 8. Howard M. Gore......................  Nov. 21, 1924                  Do.
 9. William M. Jardine..................  Feb. 18, 1925                  Do.
10. Arthur L. Hyde......................  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
11. Henry A. Wallace....................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
12. Claude R. Wickard...................  Aug. 27, 1940                  Do.
13. Clinton P. Anderson.................  June 2, 1945               Harry S. Truman.
14. Charles F. Brannan..................  May 29, 1948                   Do.
15. Ezra Taft Benson....................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
16. Orville L. Freeman..................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
       Do...............................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
17. Clifford M. Hardin..................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
18. Earl Lauer Butz.....................  Dec. 2, 1971                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
19. John A. Knebel \1\..................  Nov. 3, 1976                   Do.
20. Bob S. Bergland.....................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
21. John R. Block.......................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
22. Richard E. Lyng.....................  Mar. 7, 1986                   Do.
23. Clayton K. Yeutter..................  Feb. 16, 1989              George Bush.
24. Edward R. Madigan...................  Mar. 8, 1991                   Do.
25. Mike Espy...........................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
26. Daniel R. Glickman..................  Mar. 30, 1995                  Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Recess appointment. Nomination not confirmed by the Senate.


                                                                     960
            960

                                       SECRETARIES OF COMMERCE AND LABOR*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. George B. Cortelyou.................  Feb. 16, 1903              Theodore Roosevelt.
 2. Victor H. Metcalf...................  July 1, 1904                   Do.
       Do...............................  Mar. 6, 1905                   Do
 3. Oscar S. Straus.....................  Dec. 12, 1906                  Do.
 4. Charles Nagel.......................  Mar. 5, 1909               William H. Taft.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Department of Commerce and Labor abolished Mar. 3, 1913.


                                                                     961
            961

                                             SECRETARIES OF COMMERCE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. William C. Redfield.................  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
 2. Joshua Wills Alexander..............  Dec. 11, 1919                  Do.
 3. Herbert C. Hoover...................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
 4. William F. Whiting..................  Aug. 21, 1928                  Do.
 5. Robert Patterson Lamont.............  Mar. 5, 1929               Herbert C. Hoover.
 6. Roy Dikeman Chapin..................  Aug. 8, 1932                   Do.
 7. Daniel C. Roper.....................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
 8. Harry L. Hopkins....................  Dec. 24, 1938                  Do.
 9. Jesse H. Jones......................  Sept. 16, 1940                 Do.
10. Henry A. Wallace....................  Mar. 1, 1945                   Do.
11. W. Averell Harriman.................  Sept. 28, 1946             Harry S. Truman.
12. Charles Sawyer......................  May 6, 1948                    Do.
13. Sinclair Weeks......................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
14. Lewis L. Strauss\1\.................  Nov. 13, 1958                  Do.
15. Frederick Henry Mueller.............  Aug. 6, 1959                   Do.
16. Luther H. Hodges....................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
17. John T. Connor......................  Jan. 18, 1965              Lyndon B. Johnson.
18. Alexander B. Trowbridge.............  June 14, 1967                  Do.
19. C. R. Smith.........................  Mar. 6, 1968                   Do.
20. Maurice H. Stans....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
21. Peter G. Peterson...................  Feb. 29, 1972                  Do.
22. Frederick B. Dent...................  Feb. 2, 1973                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
23. Rogers C. B. Morton.................  May 1, 1975                    Do
24. Elliot L. Richardson................  Feb. 1, 1976                   Do.
25. Juanita M. Kreps....................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
26. Philip M. Klutznick.................  Dec. 21, 1979                  Do.
27. Malcolm Baldrige....................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
28. C. William Verity, Jr...............  Oct. 15, 1987                  Do.
29. Robert A. Mosbacher.................  Feb. 3, 1989               George Bush.
30. Barbara H. Franklin.................  Mar. 23, 1992                  Do.
31. Ronald H. Brown.....................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
32. Michael Kantor......................  Apr. 12, 1996                  Do.
33. William M. Daley....................  Feb. 10, 1997                  Do.
34. Norman Y. Mineta....................  July 21, 2000                  Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Nomination not confirmed by the Senate (June 18, 1959).


                                                                     962
            962

                                              SECRETARIES OF LABOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. William Bauchop Wilson..............  Mar. 5, 1913               Woodrow Wilson.
 2. James J. Davis......................  Mar. 5, 1921               Warren G. Harding.
       Do...............................  .........................  Calvin Coolidge.
 3. William N. Doak.....................  Dec. 9, 1930               Herbert C. Hoover.
 4. Frances Perkins.....................  Mar. 4, 1933               Franklin D. Roosevelt.
 5. Lewis B. Schwellenbach..............  June 1, 1945               Harry S. Truman.
 6. Maurice J. Tobin....................  Aug. 12, 1948                  Do.
 7. Martin P. Durkin....................  Jan. 21, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
 8. James P. Mitchell...................  Jan. 19, 1954                  Do.
 9. Arthur J. Goldberg..................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
10. W. Willard Wirtz....................  Sept. 25, 1962                 Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Lyndon B. Johnson.
11. George P. Shultz....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
12. James D. Hodgson....................  July 1, 1970                   Do.
13. Peter J. Brennan....................  Feb. 2, 1973                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
14. John T. Dunlop......................  Mar. 18, 1975                  Do.
15. Willie J. Usery, Jr.................  Feb. 10, 1976                  Do.
16. Ray Marshall........................  Jan. 26, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
17. Raymond J. Donovan..................  Feb. 4, 1981               Ronald Reagan.
18. William E. Brock III................  April 29, 1985                 Do.
19. Ann D. McLaughlin...................  Dec. 11, 1987                  Do.
20. Elizabeth H. Dole...................  Jan. 30, 1989              George Bush.
21. Lynn Martin.........................  Feb. 22, 1991                  Do.
22. Robert B. Reich.....................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
23. Alexis M. Herman....................  May 2, 1997                    Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                                     963
            963

                                    SECRETARIES OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Oveta Culp Hobby....................  Apr. 10, 1953              Dwight D. Eisenhower.
 2. Marion B. Folsom....................  Aug. 1, 1955                   Do.
 3. Arthur S. Flemming..................  Aug. 1, 1958                   Do.
 4. Abraham Ribicoff....................  Jan. 21, 1961              John F. Kennedy.
 5. Anthony J. Celebrezze...............  July 30, 1962                  Do.
 6. John W. Gardner.....................  Aug. 18, 1965              Lyndon B. Johnson.
 7. Wilbur J. Cohen.....................  May 16, 1968                   Do.
 8. Robert H. Finch.....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
 9. Elliot L. Richardson................  June 24, 1970                  Do.
10. Caspar W. Weinberger................  Feb. 8, 1973                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
11. Forrest David Mathews...............  Aug. 8, 1975                   Do.
12. Joseph A. Califano, Jr..............  Jan. 25, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
13. Patricia Roberts Harris.............  Aug. 3, 1979                   Do.
14. Richard S. Schweiker................  Jan. 22, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
15. Margaret M. Heckler.................  Mar. 9, 1983                   Do.
16. Dr. Otis R. Bowen...................  Dec. 13, 1985                  Do.
17. Dr. Louis W. Sullivan...............  Mar. 10, 1989              George Bush.
18. Donna E. Shalala....................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was created by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953, approved
  Apr. 1, 1953 (67 Stat. 18; 5 U.S.C. 623), which, effective Apr. 11, 1953, abolished the Federal Security
  Agency and transferred its functions to the new Department. Name changed from Department of Health, Education,
  and Welfare effective May 4, 1980, pursuant to Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980.


                                                                     964
            964

                                  SECRETARIES OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Robert C. Weaver....................  Jan. 18, 1966              Lyndon B. Johnson.
 2. Robert C. Wood\1\...................  Jan. 2, 1969                   Do.
 3. George W. Romney....................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
 4. James T. Lynn.......................  Feb. 2, 1973                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
 5. Carla Anderson Hills................  Mar. 10, 1975                  Do.
 6. Patricia Roberts Harris.............  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
 7. Moon Landrieu.......................  Sept. 14, 1979                 Do.
 8. Samuel R. Pierce, Jr................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
 9. Jack Kemp...........................  Feb. 6, 1989               George Bush.
10. Henry G. Cisneros...................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
11. Andrew Cuomo........................  Jan. 29, 1997                  Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment.
*The Department of Housing and Urban Development was created by Public Law 89-174, approved Sept. 9, 1965.


                                                                     965
            965

                                         SECRETARIES OF TRANSPORTATION*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Alan S. Boyd........................  Jan. 12, 1967              Lyndon B. Johnson.
 2. John A. Volpe.......................  Jan. 21, 1969              Richard M. Nixon.
 3. Claude S. Brinegar..................  Feb. 2, 1973                   Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  Gerald R. Ford.
 4. William T. Coleman, Jr..............  Mar. 4, 1975                   Do.
 5. Brockman Adams......................  Jan. 21, 1977              Jimmy Carter.
 6. Neil Goldschmidt....................  Aug. 10, 1979                  Do.
 7. Andrew L. Lewis, Jr.................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
 8. Elizabeth Hanford Dole..............  Feb. 7, 1983                   Do.
 9. James H. Burnley IV.................  Dec. 2, 1987                   Do.
10. Samuel K. Skinner...................  Feb. 1, 1989               George Bush.
11. Andrew H. Card, Jr..................  Feb. 24, 1992                  Do.
12. Federico Pena.......................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
13. Rodney E. Slater....................  Feb. 14, 1997                  Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Transportation was created by Public Law 89-670, approved Oct. 15, 1966.


                                                                     966
            966

                                             SECRETARIES OF ENERGY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. James R. Schlesinger.................  Aug. 5, 1977               Jimmy Carter.
2. Charles William Duncan, Jr...........  Aug. 24, 1979                  Do.
3. James B. Edwards.....................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
4. Donald P. Hodel......................  Nov. 5, 1982                   Do.
5. John S. Herrington...................  Feb. 7, 1985                   Do.
6. James D. Watkins.....................  Mar. 9, 1989               George Bush.
7. Hazel Rollins O'Leary................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
8. Frederico Pena.......................  Mar. 12, 1997                  Do.
9. Bill Richardson......................  Aug. 13, 1998                  Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Energy was created by Public Law 95-91, approved Aug. 4, 1977.


                                                                     967
            967

                                            SECRETARIES OF EDUCATION*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Shirley Mount Hufstedler.............  Dec. 6, 1979               Jimmy Carter.
2. T.H. Bell............................  Jan. 23, 1981              Ronald Reagan.
3. William J. Bennett...................  Feb. 6, 1985                   Do.
4. Lauro F. Cavazos.....................  Sept. 20, 1988                 Do.
       Do...............................  .........................  George Bush.
5. Lamar Alexander......................  Mar. 18, 1991                  Do.
6. Richard W. Riley.....................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Education was created by Public Law 96-88, approved Oct. 17, 1979, and became effective May
  4, 1980, pursuant to Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980.


                                                                     968
            968

                                        SECRETARIES OF VETERANS AFFAIRS*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name                          When appointed                        President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Edward J. Derwinski..................  Mar. 15, 1989              George Bush.
2. Jesse Brown..........................  Jan. 22, 1993              William J. Clinton.
3. Togo D. West, Jr.....................  May 5, 1998                    Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Veterans Affairs was created by Public Law 100-527, approved Oct. 25, 1988, which abolished
  the Veterans Administration and transferred its functions to the new Department, effective Mar. 15, 1989.

[970]

            [970]
                                                                   [970]

                            ratification of constitution

                            ratification of constitution

                            ratification of constitution

                                        [970]

                                                               RATIFICATION\1\ OF THE CONSTITUTION BY THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                           Votes cast       Population at                     Estimated      Area in
                  State                   Date of ratification of the --------------------     date of       Population,     population,     square                     Remarks
                                                  Constitution           Yeas      Nays     ratification     1990 census    July 1, 1998      miles
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Delaware................................  Dec. 7, 1787...............     \2\30  ........          59,096         666,168         743,603       2,045  .........................................
Pennsylvania............................  Dec. 12, 1787..............        46        23         434,373      11,882,842      12,001,451      45,308  .........................................
New Jersey..............................  Dec. 18, 1787..............     \2\38  ........         184,139       7,730,188       8,115,011       7,787  .........................................
Georgia.................................  Jan. 2, 1788...............     \2\26  ........          82,548       6,478,149       7,642,207      58,910  Seceded Jan. 19, 1861. Readmitted to
                                                                                                                                                        representation by the act of July 15,
                                                                                                                                                        1870.
Connecticut.............................  Jan. 9, 1788...............       128        40         238,141       3,287,116       3,274,069       5,018  .........................................
Massachusetts...........................  Feb. 6, 1788...............       187       168         378,787       6,016,425       6,147,132       8,284  .........................................
Maryland................................  Apr. 28, 1788..............        63        11         319,728       4,780,753       5,134,808      10,460  .........................................
South Carolina..........................  May 23, 1788...............       149        73         249,073       3,486,310       3,835,962      31,113  Seceded Dec. 20, 1860. Readmitted to
                                                                                                                                                        representation upon ratifying the
                                                                                                                                                        fourteenth amendment, July 9, 1868.
New Hampshire...........................  June 21, 1788..............        57        46         141,899       1,109,252       1,185,048       9,279  .........................................
Virginia................................  June 25, 1788..............        89        79         747,610       6,189,197       6,791,345  \3\ 40,767  Seceded Apr. 17, 1861. Readmitted to
                                                                                                                                                        representation by the act of Jan. 26,
                                                                                                                                                        1870.
New York................................  July 26, 1788..............        30        27         340,120      17,990,778      18,175,301      49,108  .........................................
North Carolina..........................  Nov. 21, 1789..............       184        77         393,751       6,632,448       7,546,493      52,669  Seceded May 21, 1861. Readmitted to
                                                                                                                                                        representation upon ratifying the
                                                                                                                                                        fourteenth amendment, July 4, 1868.
Rhode Island............................  May 29, 1790...............        34        32          68,825       1,003,464         988,480       1,212  .........................................
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\The Constitution was adopted by convention of the States Sept. 17, 1787, and was subsequently ratified by the several States in the order listed.
\2\Unanimous.
\3\The area of Virginia at the date of ratification was 61,352 square miles, but Dec. 31, 1862, a portion of its territory was set off and admitted into the Union as a free and independent
  State under the name of West Virginia.

                             states admitted into union

                             states admitted into union

                             states admitted into union

            [971]
                                                                   [971]

                                        [971]

                                            STATES ADMITTED INTO THE UNION SINCE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Population at                     Estimated      Area in
             State                   Date of          time of       Population,     population,     square                     Formation
                                    admission        admission      1990 census    July 1, 1998      miles
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vermont.......................  Mar. 4, 1791....          85,539         562,758         590,883       9,614  Formed from a portion of the territory of
                                                                                                               the State of New York.
Kentucky......................  June 1, 1792....          73,677       3,686,891       3,936,499      40,410  Formed from a portion of the territory of
                                                                                                               the State of Virginia.
Tennessee.....................  June 1, 1796....          77,262       4,877,203       5,430,621      42,144  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by North Carolina. Seceded June 8,
                                                                                                               1861. Readmitted to representation by
                                                                                                               joint resolution of July 24, 1866.
Ohio..........................  Mar. 1, 1803\1\.          41,915      10,847,115      11,209,493      41,330  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by the State of Virginia.
Louisiana.....................  Apr. 30, 1812...          76,556       4,220,164       4,368,967      47,752  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by France under the treaty of
                                                                                                               Paris of Apr. 30, 1803. Seceded Jan. 26,
                                                                                                               1861. Readmitted to representation upon
                                                                                                               ratifying the fourteenth amendment, July
                                                                                                               9, 1868.
Indiana.......................  Dec. 11, 1816...          63,897       5,544,159       5,899,195      36,185  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by the State of Virginia.
Mississippi...................  Dec. 10, 1817...          75,512       2,575,475       2,752,092      47,689  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by the States of Georgia and South
                                                                                                               Carolina. Seceded Jan. 9, 1861.
                                                                                                               Readmitted to representation by act of
                                                                                                               Feb. 23, 1870.
Illinois......................  Dec. 3, 1818....          34,620      11,430,602      12,045,326      56,345  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by the State of Virginia.
Alabama.......................  Dec. 14, 1819...         144,317       4,040,389       4,351,999      51,705  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by the States of South Carolina
                                                                                                               and Georgia. Seceded Jan. 11, 1861.
                                                                                                               Readmitted to representation upon
                                                                                                               ratifying the fourteenth amendment, July
                                                                                                               13, 1868.
Maine.........................  Mar. 15, 1820...         298,335       1,227,928       1,244,250      33,265  Formed from a portion of the territory of
                                                                                                               the State of Massachusetts.
Missouri......................  Aug. 10, 1821...          66,586       5,116,901       5,438,559      69,697  Formed from a portion of the territory
                                                                                                               ceded to the United States by France,
                                                                                                               under the name of ``Louisiana,'' by the
                                                                                                               treaty of Paris of 1803.
Arkansas......................  June 15, 1836...          52,240       2,350,624       2,538,303      53,187  Formed from a portion of the territory
                                                                                                               ceded to the United States by France,
                                                                                                               under the name of ``Louisiana,'' by the
                                                                                                               treaty of Paris of 1803. Seceded May 6,
                                                                                                               1861. Readmitted to representation upon
                                                                                                               ratifying the fourteenth amendment, June
                                                                                                               22, 1868.
Michigan......................  Jan. 26, 1837...        *200,000       9,295,277       9,817,242      58,527  Formedfrom territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by the State of Virginia.
Florida.......................  Mar. 3, 1845....          54,477      12,938,071      14,915,980      58,664  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by Spain by treaty of Washington
                                                                                                               of Feb. 22, 1819. Seceded Jan. 11, 1861.
                                                                                                               Readmitted to representation upon
                                                                                                               ratifying the fourteenth amendment, June
                                                                                                               25, 1868.
Texas.........................  Dec. 29, 1845...        *250,000      16,986,335      19,759,614     266,807  This State was originally a part of the
                                                                                                               Republic of Mexico, but by a successful
                                                                                                               revolt the people established for
                                                                                                               themselves an independent republican
                                                                                                               government, and were subsequently annexed
                                                                                                               to the United States. Seceded Feb. 1,
                                                                                                               1861. Readmitted to representation by the
                                                                                                               act of Mar. 30, 1870.
Iowa..........................  Dec. 28, 1846...          81,920       2,776,831       2,862,447      56,275  Formed from a portion of the Territory of
                                                                                                               Wisconsin, as the ``Territory of Iowa,''
                                                                                                               June 12, 1838.
Wisconsin.....................  May 29, 1848....         210,596       4,891,769       5,223,500      56,153  Formed from a portion of the territory of
                                                                                                               the State of Michigan, as the ``Territory
                                                                                                               of Wisconsin,'' Apr. 20, 1836.
California....................  Sept. 9, 1850...         107,000      29,758,213      32,666,550     158,706  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by Mexico by the Treaty of
                                                                                                               Guadalupe Hidalgo of Feb. 2, 1848.
Minnesota.....................  May 11, 1858....         150,042       4,375,665       4,725,419      84,402  Formed from a portion of the territory
                                                                                                               ceded to the United States by France by
                                                                                                               the treaty of Apr. 30, 1803.
Oregon........................  Feb. 14, 1859...          52,465       2,842,337       3,281,974      97,073  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by the treaty with France of Apr.
                                                                                                               30, 1803, the treaty with Spain of Feb.
                                                                                                               22, 1819, and the treaty with Great
                                                                                                               Britain of June 15, 1846.
Kansas........................  Jan. 29, 1861...         107,206       2,477,588       2,629,067      82,277  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by France by the treaty of Apr.
                                                                                                               30, 1803, and by the State of Texas, in
                                                                                                               the settlement of her boundaries, in
                                                                                                               1850.
West Virginia.................  June 20, 1863...         376,683       1,793,477       1,811,156      24,232  Formed from a portion of the territory of
                                                                                                               the State of Virginia.
Nevada........................  Oct. 31, 1864...         *40,000       1,201,675       1,746,898     110,561  Formed from a portion of the territory
                                                                                                               ceded to the United States by Mexico by
                                                                                                               the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of Feb.
                                                                                                               2, 1848.
Nebraska......................  Mar. 1, 1867....         *60,000       1,578,417       1,662,719      77,355  Formed from a petition of the territory
                                                                                                               ceded to the United States by France by
                                                                                                               the treaty of Apr. 30, 1803.
Colorado......................  Aug. 1, 1876....        *150,000       3,294,473       3,970,971     104,091  Formed from portions of the territory
                                                                                                               ceded to the United States by France by
                                                                                                               the treaty of Apr. 30, 1803 and of that
                                                                                                               ceded by Mexico by the Treaty of
                                                                                                               Guadalupe Hidalgo of Feb. 2, 1848.
South Dakota..................  Nov. 2, 1889....        *460,000         696,004         738,171      77,116  Formed from a portion of the territory
                                                                                                               ceded to the United States by France by
                                                                                                               treaty of Apr. 30, 1803.
North Dakota..................  Nov. 2, 1889....                         638,800         638,244      70,702      Do.
Montana.......................  Nov. 8, 1889....        *112,000         799,065         880,453     147,046      Do.
Washington....................  Nov. 11, 1889...        *273,000       4,866,669       5,689,263      68,139  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by France by treaty of Apr. 30,
                                                                                                               1803. The northern boundary of the
                                                                                                               territory was settled by a treaty with
                                                                                                               Great Britain, known as the ``Oregon
                                                                                                               Treaty'' of June 15, 1846.
Idaho.........................  July 3, 1890....          84,385       1,006,734       1,228,684      83,564  Formed from a portion of the territory
                                                                                                               ceded to the United States by France by
                                                                                                               treaty of Apr. 30, 1803.
Wyoming.......................  July 10, 1890...          60,705         453,589         480,907      97,809  Formed from a portion of the territory
                                                                                                               ceded to the United States by France by
                                                                                                               treaty of Apr. 30, 1803.
Utah..........................  Jan. 4, 1896....        *241,000       1,722,850       2,099,758      84,899  Formed from a portion of the territory
                                                                                                               ceded to the United States by Mexico by
                                                                                                               the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of Feb.
                                                                                                               2, 1848.
Oklahoma......................  Nov. 16, 1907...      *1,414,177       3,145,576       3,346,713      69,956  Formed by the union of Oklahoma Territory
                                                                                                               and Indian Territory.
New Mexico....................  Jan. 6, 1912....        *338,470       1,515,069       1,736,931     121,593  Formed from a portion of the territory
                                                                                                               ceded to the United States by Mexico by
                                                                                                               the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of Feb.
                                                                                                               2, 1848.
Arizona.......................  Feb. 14, 1912...        *216,639       3,665,339       4,668,631     114,000  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by Mexico, part by the Treaty of
                                                                                                               Guadalupe Hidalgo of Feb. 2, 1848, and
                                                                                                               part by what is known as the ``Gadsden
                                                                                                               Purchase,'' Dec. 30, 1853.
Alaska........................  Jan. 3, 1959....        *211,000         550,043         614,010     591,004  Formed from territory ceded to the United
                                                                                                               States by Russia by treaty of Mar. 30,
                                                                                                               1867.
Hawaii........................  Aug. 21, 1959...        *595,000       1,108,229       1,193,001       6,471  Formed from the territory of the Republic
                                                                                                               of Hawaii, annexed to the United States
                                                                                                               by act of Congress of July 7, 1898.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Estimated.
\1\By Public Law 204 of the 83d Cong., approved Aug. 7, 1953 (67 Stat. 407), Congress corrected an oversight of one and a half centuries and formally
  admitted the State of Ohio to the Union, setting Mar. 1, 1803, as the effective date of admission.

            [972]
                                                                   [972]

                                district of columbia

                                district of columbia

                                district of columbia

                                        [972]

                                                                THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Date of establishment                      Estimated      Area in
           Territory                  of territorial        Population,     population,     square                         Formation
                                        government          1990 census    July 1, 1998      miles
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
District of Columbia...........  .......................         606,900         523,124          69  Established under Art. I, sec. 8, clause 17 of
                                                                                                       Constitution. Territory originally ceded by
                                                                                                       Maryland (legislative act of Dec. 23, 1788) and
                                                                                                       Virginia (legislative act of Dec. 3, 1789).
                                                                                                       Cessions accepted by Congress by act of July 16,
                                                                                                       1790; lines and bounds established by
                                                                                                       proclamation of President Washington, Mar. 30,
                                                                                                       1791. Virginia's cession retroceded by act of
                                                                                                       Congress July 9, 1846. The government of the
                                                                                                       District is administered by a Mayor and a 13-
                                                                                                       member Council, all of whom are elected by the
                                                                                                       citizens of the District of Columbia. All acts of
                                                                                                       the council are reviewable by Congress. (Dec. 24,
                                                                                                       1973, Pub. L. 93-198.) Pursuant to the District
                                                                                                       of Columbia Delegate Act the District of Columbia
                                                                                                       now has a non-voting Delegate to the House of
                                                                                                       Representatives. (Sept. 22, 1970, Pub. L. 91-405,
                                                                                                       Sec. Sec.  201-206, 84 Stat. 848.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

            [973]
                                                                   [973]

                          puerto rico, insular possessions

                          puerto rico, insular possessions

                          puerto rico, insular possessions

                                        [973]

                            COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO, THE INSULAR POSSESSIONS, AND TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                            Area in
           Insular possession                Date of establishment of       Population,     square                        Acquisition
                                                insular government          1990 census      miles
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico............  July 25, 1952..................       3,522,037       3,421  Ceded to United States by Spain by Treaty of
                                                                                                       Paris, Dec. 10, 1898. The constitution of the
                                                                                                       Commonwealth was approved July 3, 1952.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guam...................................  Aug. 1, 1950...................         133,152         209  Ceded to the United States by Spain by Treaty of
                                                                                                       Paris, Dec. 10, 1898.
American Samoa.........................        (\1\)                              46,773          77  Acquired by the United States Feb. 16, 1900, under
                                                                                                       terms of tripartite treaty Dec. 2, 1899. Full
                                                                                                       sovereignty accepted from native chiefs by United
                                                                                                       States Feb. 20, 1929.
Virgin Islands.........................  June 22, 1936..................         101,809         132  By purchase from Denmark, Mar. 3, 1917, for
                                                                                                       $25,000,000. The Revised Organic Act of 1954 is
                                                                                                       the basis for the present territorial government.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.        (\1\) (\2\)                ..............  ..........  Occupied during World War II. Placed under the
                                                                                                       United Nations Trusteeship system in 1947 by
                                                                                                       agreement with the Security Council of the United
                                                                                                       Nations.
Northern Mariana Islands...............  Jan. 9, 1978...................          43,345         184  Concluded future political status negotiations in
                                                                                                       1975 which will establish a commonwealth
                                                                                                       relationship with the U.S. at termination of the
                                                                                                       trusteeship. Covenant providing this relationship
                                                                                                       passed by Congress in March 1976 (P.L. 94-241).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Administered under jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior, with a locally drafted constitution and elected governor and legislature.
\2\ As of November 3, 1986 the Marshall Islands and the Federal States of Micronesia became freely associated states. The 1990 population of the
  remaining territory, the Republic of Palau, was 15,122.

[974]

            [974]
                                                                   [974]

                          apportionments of representatives

                          apportionments of representatives

                          apportionments of representatives

                                        [974]

                                                                                APPORTIONMENTS OF REPRESENTATIVES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    State                       1787   1790   1800   1810   1820   1830   1840   1850   1860   1870   1880   1890   1900   1910   1930   1940   1950   1960   1970   1980   1990
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama......................................  .....  .....  .....     *1      3      5      7      7      6      8      8      9      9     10      9      9      9      8      7      7      7
Alaska.......................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      1      1      1
Arizona......................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      2      2      3      4      5      6
Arkansas.....................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      2      3      4      5      6      7      7      7      7      6      4      4      4      4
California...................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *2      2      3      4      6      7      8     11     20     23     30     38     43     45     52
Colorado.....................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      2      3      4      4      4      4      4      5      6      6
Connecticut..................................      5      7      7      7      6      6      4      4      4      4      4      4      5      5      6      6      6      6      6      6      6
Delaware.....................................      1      1      1      2      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1
Florida......................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      1      2      2      2      3      4      5      6      8     12     15     19     23
Georgia......................................      3      2      4      6      7      9      8      8      7      9     10     11     11     12     10     10     10     10     10     10     11
Hawaii.......................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      2      2      2      2
Idaho........................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      1      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      2
Illinois.....................................  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      3      7      9     14     19     20     22     25     27     27     26     25     24     24     22     20
Indiana......................................  .....  .....  .....     *1      3      7     10     11     11     13     13     13     13     13     12     11     11     11     11     10     10
Iowa.........................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *2      2      6      9     11     11     11     11      9      8      8      7      6      6      5
Kansas.......................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....      1      3      7      8      8      8      7      6      6      5      5      5      4
Kentucky.....................................  .....      2      6     10     12     13     10     10      9     10     11     11     11     11      9      9      8      7      7      7      6
Louisiana....................................  .....  .....  .....     *1      3      3      4      4      5      6      6      6      7      8      8      8      8      8      8      8      7
Maine........................................  .....  .....  .....      7      7      8      7      6      3      5      4      4      4      4      3      3      3      2      2      2      2
Maryland.....................................      6      8      9      9      9      8      6      6      5      6      6      6      6      6      6      6      7      8      8      8      8
Massachusetts................................      8     14     17     13     13     12     10     11     10     11     12     13     14     16     15     14     14     12     12     11     10
Michigan.....................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      3      4      6      9     11     12     12     13     17     17     18     19     19     18     16
Minnesota....................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *2      2      3      5      7      9     10      9      9      9      8      8      8      8
Mississippi..................................  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      2      4      5      5      6      7      7      8      8      7      7      6      5      5      5      5
Missouri.....................................  .....  .....  .....  .....      1      2      5      7      9     13     14     15     16     16     13     13     11     10     10      9      9
Montana......................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      1      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      1
Nebraska.....................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      3      6      6      6      5      4      4      3      3      3      3
Nevada.......................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      2      2
New Hampshire................................      3      4      5      6      6      5      4      3      3      3      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      2
New Jersey...................................      4      5      6      6      6      6      5      5      5      7      7      8     10     12     14     14     14     15     15     14     13
New Mexico...................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      2      2      2      2      3      3
New York.....................................      6     10     17     27     34     40     34     33     31     33     34     34     37     43     45     45     43     41     39     34     31
North Carolina...............................      5     10     12     13     13     13      9      8      7      8      9      9     10     10     11     12     12     11     11     11     12
North Dakota.................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      2      3      2      2      2      2      1      1      1
Ohio.........................................  .....  .....     *1      6     14     19     21     21     19     20     21     21     21     22     24     23     23     24     23     21     19
Oklahoma.....................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *5      8      9      8      6      6      6      6      6
Oregon.......................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      1      1      2      2      3      3      4      4      4      4      5      5
Pennsylvania.................................      8     13     18     23     26     28     24     25     24     27     28     30     32     36     34     33     30     27     25     23     21
Rhode Island.................................      1      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      3      2      2      2      2      2      2      2
South Carolina...............................      5      6      8      9      9      9      7      6      4      5      7      7      7      7      6      6      6      6      6      6      6
South Dakota.................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *2      2      2      3      2      2      2      2      2      1      1
Tennessee....................................  .....     *1      3      6      9     13     11     10      8     10     10     10     10     10      9     10      9      9      8      9      9
Texas........................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *2      2      4      6     11     13     16     18     21     21     22     23     24     27     30
Utah.........................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      2      2      2      2      2      2      3      3
Vermont......................................  .....      2      4      6      5      5      4      3      3      3      2      2      2      2      1      1      1      1      1      1      1
Virginia.....................................     10     19     22     23     22     21     15     13     11      9     10     10     10     10      9      9     10     10     10     10     11
Washington...................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      2      3      5      6      6      7      7      7      8      9
West Virginia................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....      3      4      4      5      6      6      6      6      5      4      4      3
Wisconsin....................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *2      3      6      8      9     10     11     11     10     10     10     10      9      9      9
Wyoming......................................  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....  .....     *1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1      1
                                              --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Total......................................     65    106    142    186    213    242    232    237    243    293    332    357    391    435    435    435    437    435    435    435   435
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Indicates representation of new States admitted after the respective decennial census apportionments.

 Note: The original apportionment of Representatives was established in 1787 by the Constitution. Subsequent apportionments based on the 1st Census through the 6th Census were as follows
  (number of census, date of act, and ratio of persons per Representative): 1st, Apr. 14, 1792, 33,000; 2d, Jan. 14, 1802, 33,000; 3d, Dec. 21, 1811, 35,000; 4th, Mar. 7, 1822, 40,000; 5th,
  May 22, 1832, 47,700; 6th, June 25, 1842, 70,680. Apportionment based on the 7th Census (1850) through the 12th Census (1900) was determined by the Vinton method, and for the 13th Census
  (1910) and 15th Census (1930) the method of major fractions was employed, there being no reapportionment in 1920. Apportionment based on the 16th Census (1940), through the 21st Census
  (1990), was determined by the method of equal proportions, a description of which may be found in S. Doc. 304, 76th Cong., 3d sess.

                                        [999]

            ____________________________________________________________

                                    GENERAL INDEX

            ____________________________________________________________
                Note--For detailed items not found in this general index 
            see the following special indexes:

                                Senate Manual Section

                        Standing Rules of the Senate............      50
                        Congressional Budget and Impoundment 
                            Control Act of 1974, as amended 
                            (cross-reference table).............      55
                        Cleaves' Manual (conferences)...........     188
                        Constitution of the United States.......   797.5
                        Senators of the United States...........     900
            ____________________________________________________________

                                          A

            Absence of:
                    Senators....................................6, 79.28
                    Vice President.....................................1
            Academies, service, Boards of Visitors to. See Boards 
                of Visitors.
            Actions brought against officers of the Senate....301, 301.5
                    Inapplicability................................301.5
            Acts, printing of........................................622
            Additional views in committee reports.................26.10c
            Addresses, memorial, printing of.............79.10, 633, 634
            Adjourn, motion to..............................6.4, 9, 22.1
            Adjournment of Congress..................................354
            Admission of States to the Union (table).................971
            Advertising devices prohibited in Senate wing.............92
            Advertising for stationery...........................291-293
            Affidavits, employee loyalty.............................432
            Age Discrimination in Employment Act, application to 
                Congress..........................................399.71
            Aging, Special Committee on. See Committees, special.
            Agriculture, Secretaries of (table)......................959
                    Report of, printing..............................661
            Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, Committee on. 
                See Committees, standing.
            Air Force Academy:
                    Board of Visitors to.............................444
                    Cadets, appointment of.........................443.5
            Airmail postage allowance, senatorial..................246.1
            Alabama:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................800
            Alaska:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................802
            Allowances to Senators. See Senators: Allowances.
            Amend, motion to........................................22.1
            Amendment(s):
                    Committee, not within jurisdiction..............15.5
                    Division of a question..........................15.3
                    Laid on table without prejudice to bill.........15.4
                    Not in order....................................14.7
                    Of the rules.......................................5
                    Of treaties.....................................30.1
                    Post cloture....................................22.2
                    To appropriation bills............................16
            Amendments to the Constitution of the United States......770
            American Samoa (historical data).........................973
            Americans With Disabilities Act, application to 
                Congress..................................399.71, 399.72
            Announcement of committee hearings.....................26.4a
            Appeal from ruling of Chair.............................19.4
            Appointive public office, acceptance or solicitation 
                of..............................................455, 456
            Appointment of:
                    Committees......................................24.1
                    Public officials.............................31, 433
                    Senator to the Chair.............................1.3
                    Senators, certificates of...................2.2, 2.3
            Apportionments of Representatives (table)................974
            Appropriation acts: Comptroller General to make study 
                of restrictions in.................................481.1
            Appropriation bills. See Bills and resolutions.
            Appropriations (see also Budget process, 
                Congressional):
                    Annual basis for...............................26.13
                    Budget, national.............................482-489
                    Comptroller General to make:
                            Analyses of executive agencies' 
                                expenditures.......................481.1
                            Study of restrictions in appropriation 
                                acts...............................481.1
                    Estimates, field examination of................485.1
                    Increase of general library......................317
                    Printing and binding.............................627
                    Procedure on, in committee........................16
                    Reappropriating unexpended balances.............16.8
                    Receipts from sales of surplus furnishings 
                        credited to................................296.1
                            Contingent expenses of the Senate......270.2
                    Senate: Withdrawal of unexpended balances........287
                    Statement of................................290, 635
                    Term of service for Senators as trustees or 
                        directors of corporations or institutions 
                        appropriated for.............................215
            Appropriations, Committee on. See Committees, 
                standing.
            Architect of the Capitol:
                    Absence or disability of.........................505
                    Appointment and term of........................501.1
                    Assistant Architect..............................505
                    Capitol Building (see also as main entry):
                            Care and superintendence of.........502, 503
                            National Statuary Hall, supervision of
                                                                     521
                            Repair of................................506
                            Senate wing of:
                                            Busts of former Vice 
                                                Presidents placed 
                                                in....................67
                                            Heating and 
                                                ventilating of.......510
                    Capitol Guide Service............................558
                    Capitol Police Board.........................546-548
                    Capitol Visitor Center...........................556
                    Compensation of................................501.2
                    Contracts:
                            Exception from advertisement 
                                requirement..........................560
                            Personal services contracts............560.1
                    Delegation of authority by.......................504
                    Dormitory and classroom facilities for pages 
                                                                   518.7
                    Employees of:
                            Charitable contributions by............251.1
                            Compensation of..................508.1-508.6
                    Energy management for Congressional buildings 
                        (note).......................................506
                    Executive Assistant..............................505
                    Expenditures, semiannual report................501.3
                    Furniture and carpets, purchase of...............511
                    National Visitor Center..........................554
                    Powers and duties of.............................501
                    Senate garage, control and supervision of........519
                    Senate Office Buildings:
                            Care, control, and supervision of........514
                            Certification of vouchers for 
                                expenditures for.....................517
                            Nurse, registered, in....................509
                            Structural changes in, approval of.......512
                    Senate restaurants, management of............90, 518
                    Telecommunications, overall plan (note)..........506
                    Title of, change of..............................500
                    Transfer of excess material and equipment to, 
                        from Department of the Army..................520
                    Vacancy in office of.............................505
            Archivist, disposal of records...........................680
                    Presidential archival depository.................679
                    Records of Congress........................60, 679.1
            Area of (tables):
                    Insular possessions of the United States.........973
                    States other than the Thirteen Original States
                                                                     971
                    Thirteen Original States.........................970
            Arizona:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................804
            Arkansas:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................806
            Armed Services, Committee on. See Committees, 
                standing.
            Arrest and detain, power of Sergeant at Arms to..........525
            Art, works of, in the Capitol.......................522, 523
                    Acquisition...........................522a-1, 522b-5
                    Conservation, replacement, etc................522b-6
                    List of.......................................522b-3
            Art, Senate Commission on...............................522b
            Articles of Confederation................................756
            Assassination: congressional, cabinet, Supreme Court 
                                                                     458
            Assault: congressional, cabinet, Supreme Court...........458
            Assignment of space:
                    For joint committees and conferences.............516
                    In Senate wing and Senate Office Buildings....25.1n, 
                                                                     515
            Assistant Secretary of Senate............................265
                    Oaths, administration of.........................213
                    Performance of duties of Chair by................1.2
            Assistant to. See title of appropriate officer.
            Attorneys General (table)................................955
            Authority of standing committees..................25.1, 26.1
            Authorizations, expenditure, for committees.............26.9

                                          B

            Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act 
                (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings)........................399.40-49
            Bank examination report information, disclosure of.....463.5
            Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Committee on. See 
                Committees, standing.
            Barber and Beauty Shops, revolving fund................304.5
            Begging prohibited in Senate wing.........................92
            Beneficiaries of Members and employees of the Senate 
                                                                     226
            Bills and resolutions:
                    Amendments. See as main entry.
                    Appropriation bills:
                            Amendment(s) to...........................16
                            Annual basis for.......................26.13
                            Consideration of..........................16
                            New spending authority.................25.1b
                            Private claims not to be included.......16.5
                            Procedure on..............................16
                            Reappropriating unexpended balances.....16.8
                            Rescission of appropriations...........25.1b
                    Binding sets for Congress........................620
                    Calendar call...............................7.2, 8.1
                    Commitment of...................................14.3
                    Cost estimates of proposals in................26.11a
                    Court of Federal Claims, reference to...14.9, 479.3, 
                                                                   480.5
                    Digest of, by Congressional Research Service 
                                                                   334.5
                    Distribution of..................................618
                    Enrollment of...................................14.5
                            Signing enrolled bills...................1.3
                    From the House of Representatives................7.3
                    Introduction of..............................7, 14.1
                    Joint resolutions, printing of...................622
                    Modification of a resolution....................15.2
                    Motion to commit..........................14.7, 22.1
                    Pension bills............................14.9, 14.10
                    Preambles.......................................14.8
                    Printing of..........................11.4, 11.6, 618
                    Private bills............................14.9, 14.10
                    Procedure on......................................14
                    Reading of......................................14.2
                    Reference of........................14.3, 17.2, 17.3
                    Reported from committee........................14.4,

17.4, 17.5, 26.10b, 26.10c, 26.11, 26.12

                            Reports to show proposed changes in 
                                existing law (Cordon rule).........26.12
                    Style and form...................................619
                    To lie over one day.............................14.6
                    Withdrawal of a resolution......................15.2
            Binding. See Printing and binding.
            Blank books..............................................643
            Boards of Visitors:
                    Air Force Academy................................444
                    Coast Guard Academy..............................446
                    Military Academy.................................442
                    Naval Academy....................................443
            Bond of. See title of officer.
            Botanic Garden:
                    Appropriation for................................552
                    Capitol Police supervision.......................550
                    Superintendent of................................551
            Bribery, graft, and conflicts of interest................450
            British-American Interparliamentary Group.............471.12
            Broadcast:
                    Committee hearings and meetings................26.5c
                    Senate chamber proceedings.....................79.28
            Budget, Committee on the. See Committees, standing.
            Budget, national.....................................482-488
                    Authorities of the President...................483.1
                    Budget ceiling...................................483
                    Budget contents; submission to Congress..........484
                    Congressional information........................488
                    Deficiency and supplemental appropriations.......485
                    Definitions......................................482
                    Estimates, current programs and activities.......486
                    Fiscal, budget, and program information........487.1
                    Fiscal year....................................482.1
                    Improving government efficiency..................487
                    Submission of appropriations requests to 
                        President..................................485.1
                    Supplemental budget estimates and changes......484.1
                    Year-ahead requests............................486.1
            Budget process, Congressional See also Manual 
                Sec. 200, separate Contents of Title 2, Chapters 
                17 A and B...................................399.39-1--
35
                    Congressional budget and fiscal operations 
                                                           399.39-1--21g
                            Appropriation bills:
                                            House adjournment 
                                                prohibited prior 
                                                to action on 
                                                               399.39-13
                                            House Committee action 
                                                required by June 
                                                10.............399.39-11
                            Budget Committee handling of 
                                legislation dealing with the 
                                Congressional budget...........399.39-10
                            Concurrent resolutions on the budget:
                                            Annual concurrent 
                                                resolution:
                                            Additional matters in 
                                                               399.39-5b
                                            Common economic 
                                                             assumptions
                                               ....            399.39.5g
                                            Consultation with 
                                                other committees 
                                                               399.39-5h
                                            Content of concurrent 
                                                              resolution
                                              .....            399.39-5a
                                            Hearings and report 
                                                               399.39-5e
                                            Matters which change 
                                                             House rules
                                               ....            399.39-5c
                                            Maximum deficit may 
                                                not be exceeded 
                                                               399.39-5i
                                            Unemployment, 
                                                achieving goals 
                                                            for reducing
                                                ...            399.39-5f
                                            Views and estimates of 
                                                other committees 
                                                               399.39-5d
                                            Committee allocations:
                                            Allocation of totals 
                                                               399.39-6a
                                            Alteration of 
                                                             allocations
                                               ....            399.39-6e
                                            Determinations by 
                                                Budget Committees 
                                                               399.39-6g
                                            Points of order 
                                                             399.39-6c,f
                                            Reports by committees 
                                                               399.39-6b
                                            Subsequent concurrent 
                                                             resolutions
                                               ....            399.39-6d
                                            Consideration of 
                                                concurrent 
                                                resolutions on the 
                                                budget:
                                            Conference committee, 
                                                required action 
                                                               399.39-9d
                                            Mathematical 
                                                consistency 
                                                                required
                                            .......            399.39-9e
                                            Procedure in the House
                                                               399.39-9a
                                            Procedure in the 
                                                                  Senate
                                          .........            399.39-9b
                                            Senate action on 
                                                conference reports
                                                               399.39-9c
                                            First concurrent 
                                                resolution, 
                                                adoption required 
                                                prior to 
                                                consideration of 
                                                legislation 
                                                providing new 
                                                budget, spending, 
                                                or credit 
                                                authority, or 
                                                changes in 
                                                revenues or public 
                                                debt limit:
                                                              Exceptions
                                          .........            399.39-7b
                                                                 General
                                       ............            399.39-7a
                                                        Waiver in Senate
                                                ...            399.39-7c
                                            New budget and 
                                                spending authority 
                                                and revenue 
                                                legislation to be 
                                                within appropriate 
                                                levels:
                                            Determination of 
                                                budget levels 
                                                              399.39-15c
                                            Extraneous matter in 
                                                reconciliation 
                                                              399.39-15b
                                                         Points of order
                                               ...            399.39-15a
                                            Permissible revisions 
                                                of concurrent 
                                                resolutions:
                                                                 General
                                       ............            399.39-8a
                                            Maximum deficit may 
                                                not be exceeded 
                                                               399.39-8b
                                            Reconciliation:
                                            Amendments limited 
                                                              399.39-14d
                                            Completion by June 15 
                                                              399.39-14f
                                            Legislative procedure 
                                                              399.39-14b
                                            Procedure in Senate 
                                                              399.39-14e
                                            Reconciliation 
                                                directives:
                                                    Compliance 
                                                        with 
                                                              399.39-14c
                                                    In concurrent 
                                                        resolutions
                                                        ......399.39-14a
                                            Social Security Act, 
                                                limit on changes 
                                                              399.39-14g
                                            Reports, summaries, 
                                                projections of 
                                                Congressional 
                                                budget actions:
                                            Five-year projection 
                                                                (by CBO)
                                            ......            399.39-12c
                                            Legislation providing 
                                                new budget, 
                                                spending, credit 
                                                authority, or 
                                                increase/decrease 
                                                in revenues or 
                                                expenditures 
                                                              399.39-12a
                                            Tabulations of (by 
                                                                    CBO)
                                        ..........            399.39-12b
                                            Timetable...........339.39-4
                            Continuing study of budget reform 
                                proposals.......................399.39-3
                            Declaration of purpose..............399.39-1
                            Definitions.........................399.39-2
                            Referral of matters affecting the 
                                budget process.................399.39-33
                        Budget deficits, emergency powers to 
                            eliminate:
                            Baseline..............................399.47
                            Enforcement:
                                            Deficit targets.......399.43
                                            Discretionary spending 
                                                limits............399.41
                                            Pay-as-you-go.........399.42
                                            Sequestration.........399.40
                            Exceptions............................399.46
                                            Exemptions............399.45
                                            Flexibility among 
                                                defense programs 
                                                                 399.47c
                                            Reports and orders....399.44
                                            Modification of 
                                                presidential 
                                                orders........399.47b, e
                                            Special reconciliation 
                                                process..........399.47d
                                            Suspension in the 
                                                event of war or 
                                                low growth.......399.47a
                    Congressional Budget Office............399.36-399.39
                    Credit reform..............................399.39-22
                            Authorizations....................399.39-22d
                            Budgetary treatment...............399.39-22c
                            Definitions.......................399.39-22a
                            OMB and CBO analysis..............399.39-22b
                            Purposes...........................399.39-22
                    Federal mandates. See also Unfunded Mandates 
                        Reform..............................399.39-21a-g
                            Clarification of application......399.39-21g
                            Duties of congressional committees 
                                                              399.39-21b
                            Duties of the Director; statements on 
                                bills and joint resolutions...399.39-21c
                            Effective date; definitions........399.39-21
                            Exclusions........................399.39-21a
                            Legislation subject to points of order
                                                              399.39-21d
                            Provisions relating to the House of 
                                Representatives...............399.39-21e
                            Requests to the CBO from Senators 
                                                              399.39-21f
                    Fiscal procedures......................399.39-16-20a
                            Analysis of costs (CBO)............399.39-18
                            Bills providing new credit authority:
                                            Definitions.......399.39-16c
                                            Exceptions........399.39-16d
                                            Legislation providing 
                                                entitlement 
                                                authority.....399.39-16b
                                            Legislation providing 
                                                spending authority
                                                              399.39-16a
                            Member User Group.................399.39-20a
                            Off-budget agencies, programs, 
                                activities.....................399.39-20
                            Study of Federal commitments not 
                                reviewed annually (GAO)........399.39-19
                    Impoundment Control and Line Item Veto 
                                                            399.39-24-29
                            Comptroller General:
                                            Reports by.........399.39.27
                                            Suits by...........399.39.28
                            Definitions.......................399.39-24a
                            Disapproval of proposed deferrals 
                                                               399.39-25
                            Disclaimer.........................399.39-24
                            Extraneous provisions in 
                                reconciliation bills..........399.39-15b
                            Judicial review....................399.39-35
                            Line item veto.....................399.39-29
                            Presidential special messages:
                                            Cumulative reports by 
                                                President......399.39-26
                                            Deferrals..........399.39-25
                                            Rescissions.......399.39-24b
                                            Transmission and 
                                                publication....399.39-26
                            Procedure in House and Senate......399.39-29
                                            Referral of bills to 
                                                committees.....399.39-29
                                            Floor consideration 
                                                               399.39-29
                            Rescission of budget authority....399.39-24b
                    Rulemaking powers of Congress, exercise of 
                                                               399.39-30
            Budget to accompany expenditure-authorization 
                resolutions........................................26.9,

60.1, 60.4

            Business:
                    Continued from session to session.................18
                    Executive or confidential......................29-32
                    Morning............................................7
                            Conclusion of..................7.2, 8, 19.1b
                    Order of...........................................8
                            Special orders.......................8.1, 10
            Busts of former Vice Presidents, placing of...............67
            Buzzers, legislative......................................96
            ``Byrd rule''.....................................399.39-15b

                                          C

            Cabinet officers, (table)................................951
                    Assassination, kidnapping, and assault of........458
            Calendar, call of...................................7.2, 8.1
            Calendar Monday..........................................7.2
            Calendar of Bills and Resolutions:
                    Consideration of items on...................7.2, 8.1
                    Placing of items on.............................14.4
            Calendar of Special Orders..............................10.1
            California:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................808
            Cameras, restriction on...................................85
            Campaign funds, disclosure of. See Elections.
            Canada-United States Interparliamentary Group.........471.10
            Canal Zone (historical data).............................973
            Candidates for public office. See Elections.
            Capitol Building (see also Architect of the Capitol):
                    Care and superintendence of.................502, 503
                    Central portion of, extension of...............506.1
                    Commission on Art of the United States Senate 
                                                                    522b
                    Energy management requirements (note)............506
                    National Statuary Hall...........................521
                    Organizations conducting activities in, audit 
                        of accounts................................538.1
                    Preservation Commission and Fund................522a
                    Protection of persons and property in............525
                    Repairs to.......................................506
                        Senate Chamber. See as main entry.
                        Senate wing:
                            Advertising devices prohibited in.........92
                            Assignment of space in.................25.1n
                            Busts of former Vice Presidents, 
                                placing of............................67
                            Cleaning of...............................95
                            Cloakrooms, admission to..................87
                            Closed-captioning of Senate 
                                proceedings........................79.28
                            Corridors and passageways to be kept 
                                open..................................91
                            Galleries...........................33.2, 85
                            Heating and ventilating of...........88, 510
                            Marble Room...............................86
                            Peddling and begging forbidden in.........92
                            Regulation of.......................33.2, 80
                            Senate Chamber. See as main entry.
                            Senate Restaurants. See as main entry.
                            Sergeant at Arms to enforce 
                                regulations relative to...............80
                            Smoking policy............................89
                            Stands, booths, or counters for 
                                exhibitions or sale of any article 
                                prohibited............................91
                            Sweeping, cleaning, and dusting of........95
                    Space in, for joint committees and conference 
                        committees...................................516
                    Telecommunications, overall plan (note)..........506
                    Works of art in.............................522, 523
            Capitol Grounds......................................526-553
                    Addition to....................................518.8
                    Capitol Police detail..........................546.1
                    Disorderly conduct on........................528-532
                    Explosives on....................................531
                    Firearms on......................................531
                    National Visitor Center..........................554
                    Organizations conducting activities on, audit 
                        of accounts................................538.1
                    Recreational use................................549b
                    Sales and solicitations forbidden................529
                    Senate Employee Child Care Center............549c, d
                    Shuttle service..................................553
            Capitol Guide Board......................................558
            Capitol Guide Service:
                    Assistance to Capitol Police...................558.6
                    Capitol Guide Board..............................558
                    Establishment of...............................558.1
                    Expenditure authorization for.................558.10
                    Longevity compensation.......................251.1-1
                    Operation of.............................558.2-558.5
                    Regulations for................................558.2
            Capitol Police.......................................539-549
                    Assistance to, by Capitol Guide Service........558.6
                    Compensation of.........252.8, 263.3, 540, 540a, 542
                            Compensatory time off..................539.1
                            Emergency overtime pay.................539.1
                            Longevity compensation..........251.2, 251.3
                    Detail to Capitol grounds and Library of 
                        Congress...................................546.1
                    Law enforcement authority........................547
                    Protection of Members of Congress, officers, 
                        and families...............................546.2
            Capitol Preservation Commission and Fund................522a
            Capitol Visitor Center...................................556
            Carpets, purchase of.....................................511
            Certificates of election or appointment of a Senator 
                                                      2.2, 2.3, 206, 207
            Certification of salary and mileage accounts.............244
            Chair (see also Presiding Officer):
                    Appointment of Senator to perform duties of......1.3
                    Order in Chamber or galleries, enforcement of 
                                                                    19.6
                    Performance of duties of, by Secretary of the 
                        Senate or Assistant Secretary of the 
                        Senate.......................................1.2
                    Ruling of, appeal from..........................19.4
            Chairman:
                        Committee. See Committee(s): Chairman.
                    Subcommittee...................................25.4e
            Chaplain of the Senate:
                        Compensation. See Compensation.
                    Daily prayer by............................4.1a, 4.2
                    Postage stamps.................................256.5
            Charitable contributions............35.3, 35.4, 251.1, 440.1
            Check cashing regulations. See Disbursing Officer; 
                Secretary of the Senate.
            Chief Clerk of the Senate. See Assistant Secretary of 
                the Senate.
            Child Care Center, Senate............................549c, d
            Citizens' Commission on Public Service and 
                Compensation.........................................398
            City Post Office Building, leased space................513.5
            Civil Rights Act, application to Congress.............399.71
            Claims:
                    Against Government, activities of officers and 
                        employees in.................................454
                    Sergeant at Arms may settle certain tort 
                        claims.....................................79.33
                    Waiver of, arising out of payments to Vice 
                        President, Senator, or Senate employee.......312
            Claims Court, U.S.:
                    Congressional reference case......14.9, 479.3, 480.5
                    Practice by Members of Congress in...............453
            Classification of Senators...............................799
            Classified information, disclosure of.................462.19
            Classroom facilities for pages.........................518.7
            Clay, Henry, desk in Senate chamber....................79.39
            Cleaves' Manual of the Law and Practice in Regard to 
                Conferences and Conference Reports...................127
                    Special index to.................................188
            Clerical employees. See Committee(s): Staff; Employees 
                of the Senate.
            Cloakrooms, admission to..................................87
            Closed-captioning of Senate proceedings................79.28
            Closed-door sessions of Senate............................21
            Closed sessions of committees..........................26.5b
            Cloture procedure.......................................22.2
            Coast Guard Academy, Board of Visitors to................446
            Code of Official Conduct....34-43, 79.6, 220.1, 439-440, 565
            Colorado:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................810
            Commencement of daily sessions.............................4
            Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Committee on. 
                See Committees, standing.
            Commerce, Secretaries of (table).........................961
            Commerce and Labor, Secretaries of (table)...............960
            Commission for Extension of the United States Capitol 
                                                                   506.1
            Commission on Art, Senate...............................522b
            Commit, motion to.................................14.7, 22.1
            Committee(s):
                    Amendments, not within jurisdiction of..........15.5
                    Applications for tax exemption, inspection of, 
                        by.........................................475.5
                    Appointment of....................................24
                    Appropriations:
                            Estimates, funds for field examination 
                                of.................................485.1
                            On annual basis........................26.13
                    Authority.................................25.1, 26.1
                    Bank examination report information, 
                        disclosure of..............................463.5
                    Budgetary and fiscal data to be made available 
                        to...........................................488
                    Chairman:
                            Absence of..............................26.3
                            Appointment of............................24
                            Approval of vouchers....................26.1
                            Enforcement of order...................26.5d
                            Limitations on service as..............25.4e
                            Ranking majority member to serve in 
                                absence of..........................26.3
                            Reporting approved measures promptly 
                                                                  26.10b
                            Resignation of..........................24.4
                            Subcommittee chairman..................25.4e
                    Civil actions..................................479.2
                    Clerical staff. See Staff, infra.
                    Closed or open sessions........................26.5b
                    Compensation of staff...................252.6, 252.7
                    Conference committees. See Conferences.
                    Congressional Research Service, assistance 
                        from.......................................334.4
                    Consultants:
                            Contracts for..........................275.9
                            For Appropriations Committee...........79.12
                            For Commission on Art and Antiquities 
                                                                    79.4
                            For Majority or Minority Conference 
                                Committee..........................260.1
                            Qualifications of, to be submitted to 
                                Committee on Rules and 
                                Administration, and available for 
                                public inspection..................275.9
                            Selection of...........................275.9
                    Counterpart funds, use of........................472
                    Discharge, motion to...........................17.4a
                    Expenditure authorizations.................26.9, 353
                            Budgets to accompany.......26.9, 60.1, 60.3, 
                                                                    60.4
                            Specification of portion for:
                                            Procuring consultants 
                                                                   275.9
                                            Training of 
                                                professional staff
                                                          79.1-2, 275.10
                            Vouchers for expenditures................274
                    Federal advisory committees, review of 
                        activities of................................438
                    Federal income tax returns and return 
                        information confidentiality and disclosure
                                                                     475
                        Funds. See Expenditure authorizations, 
                            supra.
                        General Accounting Office:
                            Assistance by.....................481.2, 488
                            Employees of, assigned to 
                                congressional committees...........481.6
                            Reports of, to be made available to 
                                congressional committees...........481.4
                        Hearings:
                            Announcement of........................26.4a
                            Authority for...........................26.1
                            Availability of printed copies..........17.5
                            Broadcasting of........................26.5c
                            Closed.................................26.5b
                            Copies of, for Library of Congress.......325
                            Executive decisions.....................17.5
                            Obstruction of proceedings.....26.5d, 462.20
                            Open...................................26.5b
                            Order in...............................26.5d
                            Printing of.....................17.5, 26.10a
                            Procedure...............................26.4
                            Scheduling...........26.3, 26.5, 26.6, 79.19
                            Stenographic assistance for reporting 
                                of..................................26.1
                            Testimony, staff to prepare summary of
                                                                   26.4c
                            Witnesses.........................26.1, 26.4
                                            Authority to summon.....26.1
                                            Bribery of...............450
                                            Failing to testify or 
                                                produce records......351
                                            Immunity of......465.1-465.3
                                            Influencing, 
                                                intimidating, or 
                                                impeding..........462.20
                                            Oaths of.................348
                                            Privilege of.............350
                                            Refusal of, to testify
                                                                     349
                                            Reimbursement of 
                                                expenses.........69, 352
                                            Selected by minority 
                                                                   26.4d
                                            Statements, to file 
                                                advance............26.4b
                    Investigations, authority for...................26.1
                    Joint. See Committees, joint.
                    Jurisdictions of............................25-25.1p
                    Legislative review by...........................26.8
                            Report on...............................26.8
                    Meetings..........................................26
                            Closed and open sessions...............26.5b
                            Scheduling of..............26.3, 26.5, 79.19
                    Membership on..............................25.2-25.4
                            Employees designated to assist Senator 
                                with.................................277
                            Limitations and exceptions with 
                                respect to..........................25.4
                            Temporary increase in (leadership 
                                agreement).........................25.4c
                    Open or closed sessions........................26.5b
                    Personnel. See Staff, infra.
                    Powers..........................................26.1
                            Continuance of..........................25.1
                    Printing for.............................26.10a, 636
                    Procedure:
                            Hearings................................26.4
                            Meetings................................26.3
                            Rules of................................26.2
                    Professional staff. See Staff, infra.
                    Proxies, use of, in.............................26.7
                    Quorum.........................................26.7a
                    Ranking majority member to serve in absence of 
                        chairman....................................26.3
                    Records................................26.5e, 26.10a
                            Availability to all Members of Senate 
                                                                  26.10a
                            Separate from chairman's office 
                                records...........................26.10a
                    Reference of bills and resolutions to....14.3, 17.2, 
                                                                    17.3
                    Reportorial services.......................26.1, 273
                    Reports.....................................7.1, 7.2
                            Additional views in...................26.10c
                            Appropriations Committee reports to 
                                identify with particularity items 
                                not required to carry out 
                                provisions of an existing law, etc
                                                                    16.7
                            Availability of (``2-day rule'')........17.5
                            Conference committee......................28
                            Cost estimates of proposed legislation
                                                                  26.11a
                            Filing of.....................26.10b, 26.10c
                            Indexing and binding of..................637
                            Legislative review.....................26.8b
                            Minority views in.....................26.10c
                            On part-time employees....................63
                            On supplemental authorization 
                                resolutions.........................26.9
                            Printing of...........11.4-11.6, 26.10c, 613
                            Submission of............................7.1
                            Supplemental views in.................26.10c
                            To be made promptly...................26.10b
                            To lie over one day....................17.4a
                            To require favorable vote of a 
                                majority present....................26.7
                            To show proposed changes in existing 
                                law (Cordon rule)..................26.12
                            To specify votes on measures...........26.7b
                            Two-day rule............................17.5
                    Request to an officer appointed by the 
                        President for an expression of that 
                        officer's individual views.................351.5
                    Select. See Committees, select.
                    Sessions:
                            Broadcasting of........................26.5c
                            Open or closed.........................26.5b
                            Scheduling of.....................26.4, 26.6
                    Sitting while Senate is in session.............26.5a
                    Special. See Committees, special.
                    Staff.............................................27
                            Appropriations Committee..................70
                            Compensation of............250, 252.6, 252.7
                                            Displaced by change of 
                                                committee 
                                                leadership..........72.6
                            Designated to assist Senator with 
                                committee membership.................277
                            Detailed from other Government 
                                agencies............................27.4
                                            From General 
                                                Accounting Office 
                                                                   481.6
                            Minority...........................27.1-27.3
                            Part-time employees, report on............63
                            Professional staff members:
                                            Limitation on 
                                                appointment of......27.4
                                            Training for.........79.1-2, 
                                                                  275.10
                    Standing. See Committees, standing.
                    Stationery allowance.............................643
                    Subcommittees...................................25.4
                            Assignment.............................79.18
                    Subpena, power of...............................26.1
                    Suits by..........................................77
                    System:
                            Reorganization.........................79.15
                            Review.................................79.20
                    Training for professional staff of....79.1-2, 275.10
                    Voting:
                            Proxies.................................26.7
                            Record of...............................26.7
                    Witnesses. See Hearings, supra.
            Committee of the Whole, proceedings on treaties in.....30.1b
            Committees, conference. See Conferences.
            Committees, Federal advisory.............................438
            Committee, joint:
                    Membership on.............................25.3, 25.4
                    Space for, assignment of.........................516
                    Training of staff.............................275.10
            Committees, joint:
                    Economic.........................................447
                            Economic Indicators, printing of.........448
                    Library:
                            Acceptance of works of art for Capitol 
                                Building.............................522
                                            Capitol Preservation 
                                                Commission..........522a
                                            Senate Commission on 
                                                Art.................522b
                            Authority of, during recess of 
                                Congress.............................319
                            Composition of...........................318
                            Congressional Research Service, report 
                                of.................................334.9
                            Expenditure of appropriations for 
                                increase of general library..........317
                            Membership of............................318
                            Statuary Hall, relocation of statues 
                                in.................................521.1
                    Printing: (see also Printing and binding):
                            Additional copies, printing of......614, 615
                            Appropriation for printing and binding
                                                                     627
                            Authority of........................601, 602
                            Bills and resolutions, style and form 
                                of...................................619
                            Binding of:
                                            Extra copies of 
                                                documents and 
                                                reports..............614
                                            Publications for 
                                                distribution to 
                                                libraries............647
                            Congressional Directory.............631, 632
                            Congressional Record, arrangement and 
                                style of.............................651
                            Depository libraries. See as main 
                                entry.
                            Field printing plants....................608
                            Government Printing Office employees' 
                                wage scales, approval of (Keiss 
                                Act).................................607
                            Index of documents.......................665
                            Lapse of authority to print..............628
                            Membership of............................600
                            Memorial addresses................79.10, 633
                                            Illustrations 
                                                accompanying.........634
                            Paper required for public printing, 
                                estimates of.........................612
                            Printing and binding done elsewhere 
                                than the Government Printing 
                                Office..........................608, 609
                            Printing of two or more editions.........624
                            Sale by Superintendent of Documents of 
                                additional copies of documents.......663
                            Slip copies of laws, postal 
                                conventions, and treaties............621
                            Statutes at Large........................638
                    Taxation:
                            Federal income tax returns and return 
                                information, confidentiality and 
                                disclosure...........................475
                            Organization and membership..............476
                            Powers and duties........................477
                            Additional powers to obtain data.........478
            Committees, other:
                        Indian Affairs:
                            Jurisdiction of........................79.17
                            Members, number of.....................25.3c
            Committees, policy:
                    Training of staff.............................275.10
                    Witnesses: fees for............................352.5
            Committees, political. See Elections.
            Committees, select: Membership on.................25.3, 25.4
            Committees, select:
                    Ethics:
                            Advisory opinions and regulations on 
                                senatorial use of frank...........399.35
                            Chairman and Vice Chairman, exemption 
                                from application of legislative 
                                assistant clerk-hire allowance....79.1-1
                            Decorations tendered by foreign 
                                governments to members, officers, 
                                or employees.......................434.5
                            Financial disclosure, designated to 
                                administer reporting requirements 
                                of..................................79.1
                            Jurisdiction of.....................79, 79.1
                            Membership of..........................25.3c
                            Professional staff, training of.......79.1-2
                            Referral of violations to GAO for 
                                investigation........................278
                    Intelligence............................25.3b, 79.13
            Committees, special:
                    Aging..........................................79.16
                            Members, number of.....................25.3b
                    Year 2000 Technology Problem...................79.38
            Committees, standing:
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry:
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1a
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                    Appropriations:
                            Agency reports on actions recommended 
                                by GAO.............................481.5
                            Appropriations bills. See Bills and 
                                resolutions.
                            Authority, additional.....................70
                            Compensation of staff...........252.6, 252.7
                            Comptroller General, reports of........481.4
                            Consultants for........................79.12
                            Excepted from certain committee 
                                procedures........26.3, 26.4, 26.7-26.11
                            Fiscal, budget, and program 
                                information........................487.1
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1b
                            Legislative-review provisions (of 2 
                                U.S.C. 190d) not applicable to.....26.8a
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                            New spending authority.................25.1b
                            Procedure of..............................16
                            Rescission of appropriations..........25.1b, 
                                                               399.39-32
                            Reports to identify with particularity 
                                items not required to carry out 
                                provisions of existing law..........16.6
                            Sitting while Senate is in session.....26.5a
                            Staff.....................................70
                            Statement of appropriations.........290, 635
                    Armed Services:
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1c
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                    Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs:
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1d
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                    Budget:
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1e
                            Legislative review, exemption from.....26.8a
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                            Referral of legislation affecting 
                                budget process.................399.39-33
                            Rescissions and deferrals..........399.39-32
                            Sitting while Senate is in session.....26.5a
                    Commerce, Science, and Transportation:
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1f
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                    Energy and Natural Resources:
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1g
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                    Environment and Public Works:
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1h
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                    Finance:
                            Federal income tax returns and return 
                                information, confidentiality and 
                                disclosure...........................475
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1i
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                            Representation on Joint Committee on 
                                Taxation...........................476.2
                    Foreign Relations:
                            International agreements...............201.5
                            Interparliamentary activities and 
                                reception of certain foreign 
                                officials..........................79.24
                            Interparliamentary delegations, 
                                reports on expenses................471.9
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1j
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                    Governmental Affairs:
                            Agency reports on action recommended 
                                by GAO.............................481.5
                            Comptroller General, reports of........481.4
                            Information from Executive agencies, 
                                obtaining............................431
                            Jurisdiction of.............25.1k, 399.39-33
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                    Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1l
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                    Judiciary:
                            Independent Counsel...............479, 479.1
                            Joint Leadership Group, representation 
                                on...............................396.7-2
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1m
                            Members, number of......................25.2
                    Rules and Administration:
                            Budgets to accompany expenditure-
                                authorization resolutions..........26.9b
                            Busts of former Vice Presidents, 
                                placing of............................67
                            Capitol Guide Service...........558.3, 558.8
                            Capitol Preservation Commission.........522a
                            Capitol Visitor Center...................556
                            Carpets, purchase of.....................511
                            Commission on Art of the United States 
                                Senate..............................522b
                            Committee meetings schedule............79.19
                            Committee personnel on detail from 
                                other Government agencies...........27.4
                            Committee system, review...............79.20
                            Consultants' (committee) 
                                qualifications to be submitted to, 
                                and available for public 
                                inspection.........................275.9
                            Contingent fund of the Senate, 
                                authorization of payments from....79.23, 
                                                                     270
                            Contracts for the purchase of 
                                stationery and materials for 
                                folding..............................297
                            Deceased Senators: Office expenses in 
                                home States........................246.4
                            Employees detailed or assigned to 
                                committees from other Government 
                                agencies on a reimbursable basis 
                                                                    27.4
                            Employees summoned in connection with 
                                judicial proceedings.................311
                            Expenditure-authorization resolutions 
                                to be referred to..................26.9b
                            Furniture:
                                            Condemned, sale of.......300
                                            Purchase of..............511
                            Galleries, regulation of................33.2
                            Gifts, acceptance on behalf of the 
                                Senate.............................79.34
                            Heating and ventilating of Senate wing
                                                                     510
                            Joint Committee on Printing, Senate 
                                members of...........................600
                            Joint Committee on the Library, Senate 
                                members of...........................318
                            Joint Leadership Group, representation 
                                on...............................396.7-2
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1n
                            Legislative Counsel, priority of use 
                                of services of.......................394
                            Materials, supplies, fuel; payment for
                                                                     271
                            Members, number of.....................25.3a
                            Office equipment and furnishings for 
                                Senators.............................248
                            Per diem and subsistence expenses, 
                                regulations on.......................272
                            Printing, matters relating to, to be 
                                referred to..............11.4, 11.5, 615
                            Records (obsolete) of Executive 
                                agencies, disposal of................680
                            Reportorial services to committees.....26.1, 
                                                                     273
                            Senate computer center facilities, 
                                regulation of.......................40.5
                            Senate garage............................519
                            Senate Office Buildings:
                                            Assignment of space in
                                                              25.1n, 515
                                            Commemoration and 
                                                designation of, as 
                                                Russell, Dirksen, 
                                                and Hart Senate 
                                                Office Buildings 
                                                              79.8, 79.9
                                            General policies in 
                                                respect to...........514
                            Senate Recording Studio........305.3, 305.4, 
                                                                  305.11
                            Senate Restaurants:
                                            General policy in 
                                                respect to...........518
                                            Jurisdiction over.........90
                                            Surcharge on special 
                                                orders...............304
                            Senate wing of the Capitol, regulation 
                                of..............................33.2, 80
                            Senate youth program......................78
                            Service pins or emblems.................79.2
                            Stationery room, classes of articles 
                                to be sold by........................302
                            Training for professional staffs of 
                                committees........................275.10
                            Vouchers, designation of an employee 
                                to approve, on behalf of committee
                                                                   270.1
                            Waste paper, sale of.....................300
                    Small Business:
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1o
                            Members, number of.....................25.3a
                    Veterans' Affairs:
                            Jurisdiction of........................25.1p
                            Members, number of.....................25.3a
            Communications allowances for Senators. See Senators: 
                Allowances.
            Communications from:
                    Heads of departments.............................7.1
                    House of Representatives....................7.1, 9.1
                    President of United States..................7.1, 9.1
                    State legislatures and conventions...............7.5
            Compensation (see also Reimbursement):
                    Adjustment of rate of..............249.5, 255.3, 797
                    Architect of the Capitol.......................501.1
                            Employees of.....................508.1-508.6
                            Executive Assistant to...................505
                    Capitol police...252.8, 263.3, 539.1, 540, 540a, 542
                    Certification of salary (and mileage) accounts
                                                                     244
                    Chaplain of the Senate...........................256
                            Employees of...........................256.1
                    Charitable contributions.........251.1, 440.1, 475.7
                    Citizens' Commission on Public Service and Comp
                        ensation.....................................398
                    Committee employees.....................252.6, 252.7
                            Displaced by change of committee 
                                leadership..........................72.6
                    Congressional staff fellows, nonpay status of 
                                                                     310
                    Conversion increase in computation.............252.3
                    Dates of payment of..............................250
                    Death gratuities held to be gifts................306
                    Deceased Senators and Senate personnel, salary 
                        due..........................................226
                    Deputy President pro tempore of Senate.........222.5
                            Employees of...........................260.7
                    Dual, payment of..............252.9, 268, 270, 433.3
                    Employees of a Senator.................252.5, 252.10
                            As affected by:
                                            Death of a Senator........72
                                            Number of positions 
                                                held...............252.9
                                            Resignation of a 
                                                Senator...............72
                                            Termination of service 
                                                of an appointed 
                                                Senator...............73
                            Death of an employee................226, 306
                    Employees summoned in connection with judicial 
                        proceedings..................................311
                    Expense allowance:
                            Majority and Minority Conference 
                                chairmen...........................220.7
                            Majority and Minority Leaders..........220.5
                            Majority and Minority Whips............220.5
                            President pro tempore..................222.6
                            Secretaries for the Majority and 
                                Minority...........................267.1
                            Secretary of the Senate................267.1
                            Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the 
                                Senate.............................267.1
                    General limitation........................252.7, 440
                    Legal Counsel..................................396.1
                            Assistant Counsels.....................396.2
                            Deputy Counsel.........................396.1
                    Legislative Counsel..............................390
                    Librarian of Congress..........................320.1
                            Deputy Librarian.......................320.2
                    Limitations on..............................252, 440
                    Longevity compensation........251.1-1, 251.2, 251.3, 
                                                                   251.5
                        Majority and Minority Whips:
                            Employees of...........................260.5
                            Expense allowance......................220.5
                    Majority Leader..................................220
                            Employees of....................260.2-260.4a
                    Members of Congress..............................220
                    Merit compensation.............................251.4
                    Minority Leader..................................220
                            Employees of....................260.2-260.4a
                    Nurse, registered, Senate Office Buildings.......509
                    Pages, Senate....................................283
                    Payment, dates of................................250
                    President pro tempore.......................220, 222
                            Employees of...........................260.6
                    Public Printer...................................605
                            Deputy Public Printer....................605
                    Reference in other provisions to basic rates 
                        and additional compensation................252.4
                    Reimbursement. See as main entry.
                    Retirement benefits of Senators and Senate 
                        employees. See 5 U.S.C. Sec. Sec. 8331-
                        8348. (Not included in Senate Manual.)
                    Salary deposit in financial organizations......489.1
                    Secretaries for the Majority and Minority, 
                        expense allowance............................267
                    Secretary of the Senate..........................253
                            Expense allowance......................267.1
                            Merit compensation for certain 
                                employees of................251.4, 251.5
                    Senate pay adjustments.............249.5, 249.7, 797
                    Senators....................................220, 223
                            Appointed or elected to fill vacancies
                                                                     224
                            Compensation to in matters affecting 
                                the Government.......................452
                            Day salary shall commence...........223, 224
                            Deductions from salary for:
                                            Absence..................227
                                            Delinquent 
                                                indebtedness.........229
                                            Failure to pay for 
                                                excerpts from 
                                                Congressional 
                                                Record...............658
                                            Withdrawal...............228
                            Mode of payment..........................243
                            Salary accounts to be certified by 
                                President of the Senate..............244
                            Salary due a deceased Senator............226
                    Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate 
                                                                257, 261
                            Expense allowance......................267.1
                            Merit compensation for certain 
                                employees of................251.4, 251.5
                    Telephone operators.....................251.3, 252.8
                    Vice President...................................421
                    Work injuries..................................434.6
            Comptroller General. See General Accounting Office.
            Computer Center, Senate. See Senate Computer Center.
            Computer programming services, advance payments.....305.20-1
            Concurrent resolutions. See Bills and resolutions.
            Conference of the Majority...............................260
                    Consultants....................................260.1
                    Expense allowance for chairman.................220.7
                    Transfer of funds...............................260a
            Conference of the Minority...............................260
                    Consultants....................................260.1
                    Expense allowance for chairman.................220.7
                    Transfer of funds...............................260a
            Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe 
                (Interparliamentary)..............................471.13
            Conferences:
                    Assignment of space for..........................516
                    Cleaves' Manual..................................127
                            Special index to.........................188
                    Reports of........................................28
                            Explanatory statement to accompany.....28.4, 
                                                                     163
            Confidential proceedings to be kept in separate book 
                                                                    4.1d
            Conflicts of interest...............37, 249.1, 439, 440, 450
            Congress:
                    Adjournment of...................................354
                    Bank examination report information, 
                        disclosure of..............................463.5
                    Contempt of...........................349-351, 479.2
                    Electoral votes, counting of.................414-417
                    International agreements, transmission of, to 
                                                                   201.5
                    Meeting place of, changing.......................214
                    Records of, preserving...........................679
            Congressional Accountability. See also Government 
                Employee Rights
              399.70-399.79
                    Administrative and judicial dispute-resolution 
                        procedures................................399.78
                    Application of laws.........................399.70-2
                    Definitions.................................399.70-1
                    Generally applicable remedies and limitations 
                                                                  399.75
                    Labor-management relations; remedy of 
                        violations................................399.74
                    Miscellaneous provisions......................399.79
                            Exercise of rulemaking powers.......399.79-1
                            Judicial branch coverage study......399.79-4
                            Nondiscrimination rules of the House 
                                and Senate......................399.79-3
                            Political affiliation and place of 
                                residence.......................399.79-2
                            Savings provisions..................399.79-5
                            Severability........................399.79-8
                            Use of frequent flyer miles.........399.79-6
                    Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; 
                        rights and protections; remedy of 
                        violations................................399.73
                    Office of Compliance; establishment and 
                        procedures................................399.77
                    Public services and accommodations under the 
                        Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990...399.72
                    Rights and protections........................399.71
                            Age Discrimination in Employment Act 
                                of 1967.........................399.71-1
                            Americans With Disabilities Act of 
                                1990............................399.71-1
                            Civil Rights Act of 1964............399.71-1
                            Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 
                                1988............................399.71-4
                            Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938....399.71-3
                            Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 
                                                                399.71-2
                            Prohibition of reprisals............399.71-7
                            Rehabilitation Act of 1973..........399.71-1
                            Veterans' employment and reemployment 
                                                                399.71-6
                            Worker Adjustment and Retraining 
                                Notification Act................399.71-5
                    Study regarding GAO, GPO, and Library of 
                        Congress..................................399.76
            Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 
                1974, as amended (cross-reference table)..............55
            Congressional Budget Office....................399.36-399.39
                    Duties and functions..........................399.37
            Congressional Directory.............................631, 632
            Congressional employees. See Employees of the Senate.
            Congressional Library. See Library of Congress.
            Congressional Record:
                    Additional insertions............................655
                    Arrangement; style; contents.....................651
                    Daily and permanent forms........................653
                    Extracts from, for Congressmen...................657
                            Payment for..............................658
                    Franking of......................................493
                            Mailing envelopes........................657
                    Gratuitous copies; delivery......................656
                    Illustrations; maps; diagrams....................654
                    Indexes.....................................651, 652
                    Postage rate.....................................659
                        Printing of:
                            Memorials and petitions, summary of......7.5
                            Nominations............................31.7b
                            Remarks of Senators.......................61
                            Reports on:
                                            Congressional use of 
                                                counterpart funds 
                                                                     472
                                            Expenses of 
                                                interparliamentary 
                                                delegations........471.9
                            Rules of procedure of committees........26.2
                    Subscriptions, etc...............................659
            Congressional Research Service. See Library of 
                Congress.
            Congressional staff fellows, nonpay status of............310
            Connecticut:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since the formation of the 
                        Union (table)................................812
            Consideration of reported measures, availability of 
                reports and hearings for............................17.5
            Constituent services. See Representation by Members.
            Constitution of the United States........................760
                    Amendments to....................................770
                    Ratification of..................................769
                            Table....................................970
                    Special index to...............................797.5
            Consultants:
                    For committees. See Committee(s).
                    For Sergeant at Arms.............................259
                    For Majority or Minority Conference Committee 
                                                                   260.1
                    For Majority or Minority Leader, Secretary of 
                        the Senate, or Legislative Counsel.........260.4
            Contempt of Congress..........................349-351, 479.2
            Contingent fund of the Senate:
                    Expenses of committees...........................274
                    Inquiries and investigations....................26.1
                    Office of Public Records Revolving Fund........270.7
                    Payments from........25.1n, 79.23, 79.33, 270, 270.1
                    Restrictions on................................270.2
                    Secretary of the Senate account................270.3
                    Senate Hair Care Services Revolving Fund.......304.5
                    Senate Computer Center Revolving Fund.........305.21
                    Senate Health Promotion Revolving Fund.........304.7
                    Sergeant at Arms account.................270.3-270.6
            Contracts:
                    Architect of the Capitol..................560, 560.1
                    By Members of Congress...........................460
                    Committee consultants..........................275.9
                    Congressional Budget Office...................399.39
                    Exemptions with respect to certain contracts 
                                                                     462
                    Interest, restrictions on Members of Congress 
                                                                     561
                    Officer or employee of the United States 
                        contracting with Member of Congress..........461
            Contributions:
                    Charitable, of outside earned income.....35.3, 35.4, 
                                                                   440.1
                    Legal investigations, for costs of certain.....79.25
                    Reports by Senatorial candidates and employees 
                        of the Senate on....................399.8-399.11
                    Withholding from Senate salary.................251.1
            ``Cordon rule'' (reports to show proposed changes in 
                existing law)......................................26.12
            Correspondents, Standing Committee on...................85.1
            Corridors in Senate wing..................................91
            Counterpart funds, congressional use of..................472
            Credentials, presentation of...............................2
            Criminal procedure.......................................450
            Curator of Art and Antiquities..........................522b

                                          D

            Daily Congressional Record...............................653
            Daily sessions, commencement of............................4
            Data processing equipment, software, and services.....305.20
            Davis, Jefferson, desk in Senate chamber...............79.35
            Death gratuities held to be gifts........................306
            Debate:
                    Close, motion to................................22.2
                    Disparaging reference to another Senator 
                        prohibited..................................19.2
                    Germaneness of.................................19.1b
                    Offensive reference to a State prohibited.......19.3
                    On conference reports.............................28
                    Procedure in......................................19
                    Reference to absence of a Senator prohibited 
                                                                   79.28
            Debt Collection........................................79.32
            Deceased:
                        Personnel:
                            Salary due...............................226
                            Transportation of remains..............433.8
                        Senator:
                            Clerical assistants of....................72
                            Memorial tribute to......64, 79.10, 633, 634
                            Salary due...............................226
            Declaration of Independence..............................755
            Decorations tendered by foreign governments, 
                acceptance of......................................434.5
            Defense, Secretaries of (table)..........................953
            Delaware:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since the formation of the 
                        Union (table)................................814
            Department of State quota of documents and reports.......625
            Depository libraries:
                    Accredited law school libraries as.............678.2
                    Designation of..............................673, 676
                    Distribution of publications to.............671, 673
                    ``Government publication'' defined...............669
                    Highest State appellate court libraries as.....678.1
                    Investigation of, by Superintendent of 
                        Documents....................................675
                    Land-grant colleges as...........................674
                    Publications available to...................670, 672
                    Public Printer's authority to implement 
                        program......................................678
                    Regional depositories............................677
            Deputy President pro tempore of Senate:
                    Compensation...................................222.5
                    Employees affected by death or resignation of, 
                        compensation of...............................72
                    Employees of...................................260.7
                    Establishment of Office of......................79.7
                    Table of.......................................798.3
            Digest of Public General Bills.........................334.4
            Diplomatic Gallery......................................85.5
            Directory, Congressional............................631, 632
            Dirksen Senate Office Building..........................79.8
            Disabled, equal opportunities.............79.37, 399.71, 565
            Disaster, warning signal of...............................96
            Disbursing Officer:
                    Check cashing regulations, personal............250.7
                    Employee indebtedness..........................250.7
                    Financial clerk shall serve in absence of 
                        Secretary....................................264
            Discharge a committee, motion to.......................17.4a
            Disclosure of:
                    Confidential business...........................29.5
                    Federal campaign funds. See Elections.
                    Financial interests by senatorial candidates 
                        and by members, officers, and employees of 
                        the Senate........................34, 439-439.11
            Disorderly conduct in Capitol buildings or grounds.....19.6, 
                                                              26.5d, 531
            Display materials in Senate Chamber.......................98
            Distribution of congressional publications. See 
                Printing and binding.
            District of Columbia: Historical data....................972
            District of Columbia, U.S. District Court of: 
                jurisdiction of, in Senate civil actions...........479.2
            District of Columbia Code................................202
            Division of a question..................................15.3
            Document room; superintendent............................648
            Documents. See Printing and binding.
            Documents stored at Capitol, disposition of..............650
            Doorkeeper of the Senate.................................261
            Dormitory for pages........................284, 513.6, 518.7
            Dual pay.....................................252.9, 268, 270

                                          E

            Economic Committee, Joint. See Committees, joint.
            Economic Indicators, printing of.........................448
            Economic Report of the President.......................446.5
            Education of pages and other minor employees.........65, 282
            Education, Secretary of (table)..........................967
            Elections:
                    Certificates of........................2.2, 2.3, 206
                    Congressional................................205-207
                    Crimes and criminal procedure in respect to 
                                                            462.2-462.12
                    Disclosure of financial interests of 
                        Senatorial candidates......................439.1
                        Electoral college. See as main item.
                    Federal election campaigns............399.8-399.23-1
                     Federal Election Commission.......399.14-3--399.23-
                                                        1, 478.5, 478.10
                    Poll tax eliminated..............................794
                    Presidential election campaign fund, report....478.5
                    Presidential primary matching payment account, 
                        report....................................478.10
            Electoral college:
                    Appointment of electors, controversy as to.......404
                    Certificates of votes for President and Vice 
                        President................................408-413
                    Credentials of electors..........................405
                    Failure of electors to make choice on 
                        prescribed day...............................401
                    Meeting and vote of electors.....................406
                    Number of electors...............................402
                    Time of appointing electors......................400
                    Vacancies in.....................................403
                    Voting in, manner of.............................407
            Electoral votes, counting of, by Congress............414-417
            Electoral votes for President and Vice President 
                (tables).......................................901-949.1
            Emergency powers to eliminate budget deficits.........399.40
            Employee Polygraph Protection Act, application to 
                Congress..........................................399.71
            Employees of Architect of the Capitol............508.1-508.6
            Employees of the Senate (see also Officers of the 
                Senate, or title of specific officer):
                    Activities of, in claims against the 
                        Government...................................454
                    Affidavits, loyalty..............................432
                    Authority of officers of the Senate over those 
                        they supervise........................37.11, 249
                    Beneficiaries of.................................226
                    Charitable contributions...35.3, 35.4, 251.1, 440.1, 
                                                                   475.7
                    Committee employees. See Committees: Staff.
                    Compensation. See Compensation.
                    Compensation to, in matters affecting the 
                        Government...................................452
                    Conflict of interest.......................37, 249.1
                    Congressional Staff Fellows......................310
                    Decorations tendered by foreign governments to
                                                                   434.5
                    Detailed or assigned from other agencies.......27.4, 
                                                              259, 481.6
                    Disclosure of financial interests.....34, 439-439.11
                    Employees of a Senator:
                            Committee membership assistance..........277
                            Compensation of...........72-73, 250, 252.10
                            Individuals appointed to recommend 
                                nominees for judgeships and 
                                service academies..................246.5
                    Employees of a Senator-elect:
                            Appointment of...........................234
                            Compensation of..........................234
                    Equal opportunities...........42, 79.14, 399.71, 565
                    Fair employment practices rights.....399.60, 399.71, 
                                                                     565
                    Floor privilege............................23, 79.37
                    Foreign travel................35.2, 39, 79.22, 433.4
                    Gifts......................................35, 220.1
                    Indebtedness, disbursements withheld for.......250.7
                    Legal Counsel, defense by, of.........396.8-1, 396.9
                    Legal investigations, contributions for costs 
                        of certain.................................79.25
                    Loyalty, security, etc................76, 434, 464.1
                    Mileage and related allowances.................433.5
                    Minors other than pages..........................282
                    Oath of..........................................430
                    Officers. See Officers of the Senate, or title 
                        of specific officer.
                    Official Reporters.............................307.1
                    Outside business or professional activity or 
                        employment of............................36, 440
                    Pages. See Pages, Senate.
                    Per diem and subsistence expenses.........272, 433.4
                    Political fund activity by........................41
                    Post-employment lobbying........................37.9
                    Relatives, restrictions on employment of.......431.1
                    Retirement benefits. See 5 U.S.C. 
                        Sec. Sec. 8331-8348 (not included in 
                        Senate Manual).
                    Rights and protections. See Government 
                        Employee Rights. See also Congressional 
                        Accountability.
                    Secretary of the Senate, abolish certain 
                        statutory positions in office of.............255
                    Senior citizen interns.........................79.21
                    Sergeant at Arms, abolish certain statutory 
                        positions in office of.....................258.5
                    Service pins or emblems.........................79.2
                    Standards of conduct for.......34-43, 79.6, 439, 440
                    Striking against or advocating overthrow of 
                        Government......................432, 434, 464.1.
                    Subletting of duties prohibited..................285
                    Summoned in connection with judicial 
                        proceedings, pay status of...................311
            Employment, equal opportunities...42, 79.14, 399.60, 399.71, 
                                                                     565
            Employment of relatives................................431.1
            Enemy attack, warning signal of...........................96
            Energy and Natural Resources, Committee on. See 
                Committees, standing.
            Energy management for Congressional buildings (note) 
                                                                     506
            Energy, Secretary of (table).............................966
            Enrollment of bills and joint resolutions...............14.5
                    Signing of same..................................1.3
            Envelopes................................................295
                    For mailing Congressional Record.................657
            Environment and Public Works, Committee on. See 
                Committees, standing.
            Espionage and censorship: Classified information, 
                disclosure of.....................................462.19
            Ethics (Standing Rules 34-43)..........................34-43
            Ethics, Select Committee on. See Committees, select.
            Eulogies, printing of...............................633, 634
            Everett McKinley Dirksen Senate Office Building.........79.8
            Executive:
                    Business, motion to proceed to..................22.1
                    Proceedings to be kept in separate book.........4.1d
                    Sessions of Senate................................29
            Executive agencies:
                    Expenditure analyses of........................481.1
                    Information relative to, to be obtainable by 
                        Committee on Governmental Affairs............431
            Executive Journal, printing of............................75
            Executive papers, obsolete, disposal of..................680
            Expenditure authorizations for committees...............26.9
            Expenditures, reports on:
                    Architect of the Capitol.......................501.3
                    Secretary of the Senate..........................298
            Expense allowance. See Compensation.
            Expenses, official, of Senators...................246-246.10
                    Reimbursement:
                    Documentation required.........................79.23
                    Restriction on certain.........................79.27
            Expenses, official, of Senators-elect....................234
            Explosives on Capitol Grounds............................531

                                          F

            Fair Labor Standards Act, application to Congress.....399.71
            Family and Medical Leave Act, application to Congress 
                                                                  399.71
            Federal advisory committees..............................438
            Federal Election Commission. See Elections.
            Federal employees' group life insurance. See 5 U.S.C. 
                Sec. Sec. 8701-8716 (not included in Senate 
                Manual).
            Federal employees' health benefits program. See 5 
                U.S.C. Sec. Sec. 8901-8913 (not included in Senate 
                Manual).
            Federal income tax. See Income tax: Federal.
            Federal information policy...........................681-684
            Federal Law Enforcement Training Center: Capitol 
                Police:
                    compensation...................................263.3
            Federal mandates. See Budget process, Congressional.
            Federal Reserve System, Senators prohibited from being 
                members of the Board of Governors of.................445
            Filing of committee reports...........................26.10b
            Finance, Committee on. See Committees, standing.
            Financial Clerk: As a disbursing officer.................264
            Financial disclosure:
                    Access to reports..............................439.5
                            Prohibited uses........................439.5
                    Administration of provisions..................439.11
                    Comptroller General, authority of..............439.8
                    Confidential reports...........................439.7
                    Contents of reports................34.3, 34.4, 439.2
                    Definitions....................................439.9
                    Failure to file or filing false reports........439.4
                            Late fees and civil penalties..........439.4
                    Filing of reports..............................439.3
                            Extension..............................439.1
                            Filing date............................439.1
                            Where to file..........................439.3
                    Persons required to file.................34.1, 439.1
                    Review of reports..............................439.6
                            Notice of actions taken to comply.....439.10
                            Opinion of non-compliance..............439.6
                    Spouses and dependent children...........34.3, 439.2
                    Trusts...................................34.4, 439.2
            Firearms on Capitol Grounds..............................531
            Fiscal, budget, and program information...........487.1, 488
            Flag, official Senate..................................79.29
            Floor:
                    Obtaining (recognition)........................19.1a
                    Privilege of...............................23, 79.37
            Florida:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................816
            Flowers in Senate Chamber.................................64
            Folding, purchase of materials for.......................297
            Foreign governments, decorations tendered by...........434.5
            Foreign officials, reception of........................79.24
            Foreign Relations, Committee on. See Committees, 
                standing.
            Foreign travel......................................35.2, 39
            Formation of:
                    District of Columbia (table).....................972
                    Insular possessions (table)......................973
                    States other than the Thirteen Original States 
                        (table)......................................971
            Franking privilege (see also Postage allowance for 
                Senators):
                    Congressional Record.............................493
                    Limitation on weight of acceptable matter 
                        (table)......................................497
                    Mailgrams......................................496.2
                    Mass mailings.......................40.1-40.5, 248.6
                            Reports.........................40.3a, 248.7
                    Members of Congress..............................491
                    Missing children...............................496.3
                    Of a Senator whose term has expired (table)......497
                    Of surviving spouses of Members of Congress....496.1
                    Postal Service regulations on....................497
                    Public documents.................................492
                        Regulations:
                            Ethics Committee......................399.35
                            Rules Committee........................248.6
                    Reimbursement to Postal Service for postage 
                        under franking privilege.....................496
                    Secretary of the Senate..........................491
                    Seeds and reports from Department of 
                        Agriculture..................................494
                    Sergeant at Arms.................................491
                    Unlawful use of.............................463, 495
                    Vice President...................................491
            Franks, printing of......................................642
            Frequent flyer miles, use of........................399.79-6
            Fuel, payment for........................................271
            Fund-raising for candidates for Senate...41.1, 399.8-399.11, 
                                                                  399.17
            Funds, committee. See Committees: Expenditure 
                authorizations.
            Furniture:
                    Disposal of used or surplus......................300
                            Receipts from sale of....................300
                    Purchase of......................................511

                                          G

            Galleries:
                    Diplomatic Gallery..............................85.5
                    Hats prohibited...................................85
                    News media, regulation of.......................33.2
                    Occupants of, no Senator shall call attention 
                        to any......................................19.7
                    Order in, enforcement of........................19.6
                    Periodical Press Gallery........................85.3
                    Presidential Gallery............................85.5
                    Press Gallery...................................85.1
                    Press Photographers' Gallery....................85.4
                    Radio-Television Correspondents' Gallery........85.2
                    Regulation of...............................33.2, 85
                    Senate Gallery..................................85.6
                    Special Gallery.................................85.8
                    Visitors' Galleries.............................85.7
            Garage, Senate................................97, 513.4, 519
                    Related facilities.............................513.4
            General Accounting Office:
                    Agency reports.................................481.5
                    Analyses of executive agencies' expenditures 
                                                                   481.1
                    Assistance to Congress by......................481.2
                    Audit, availability of draft reports...........481.3
                    Audit of accounts of private organizations 
                        conducting activities in Capitol Building 
                        or on Capitol Grounds......................538.1
                    Budgetary and fiscal data processing system....487.1
                    Budget standard classifications................487.1
                    Comptroller General:
                            Powers and duties of, in budgetary and 
                                fiscal matters......399.39-27, 28; 481.4
                            Reports to Congress:
                                            Financial disclosure 
                                                                   439.8
                                            Fiscal controls........481.4
                    Definitions......................................481
                    Employees, assignment and detail to Congress 
                                                                   481.6
                    Programs and activities of U.S. Government, 
                        evaluation of...................399.39-19, 481.2
                    Public money, investigating use of.............481.1
                    Referral of ethics violations for 
                        investigation................................278
                    Reimbursement for its employees detailed to 
                        Senate committees..........................481.6
                    Study of restrictions in general appropriation 
                        acts.......................................481.1
                    Technology assessment, functions in respect to
                                                                  399.31
                    Utilization by Congress of reports and 
                        employees of...............................481.4
            Georgia:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since the formation of the 
                        Union (table)................................818
            Germaneness:
                    Conference reports..............................28.3
                    Of debate......................................19.1b
                            During cloture proceedings..............22.2
            Gift Shop, Senate......................................304.8
            Gifts to Senators, officers, and employees.........35, 220.1
                    Reporting on...............................35, 439.2
                    Acceptance of pro bono legal services..........79.36
            Gifts to the Senate....................................79.34
            Government Employee Rights. See also Congressional 
                Accountability.............................399.60-399.63
                    Coverage of previously exempt State employees 
                                                                  399.63
                    Discriminatory practices prohibited...........399.61
                    Purpose and definitions.......................399.60
            Government Printing Office. See appropriate item under 
                Printing and binding.
            Governmental Affairs, Committee on. See Committees, 
                standing.
            Graft....................................................450
            Group life insurance, Federal employees'. See 5 U.S.C. 
                Sec. Sec. 8701-8716 (not included in Senate 
                Manual).
            Guam (historical data)...................................973

                                          H

            Hart Senate Office Building.............................79.9
            Hats prohibited in Galleries..............................85
            Hawaii:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................820
            Heads of departments, communications from................7.1
            Health and Human Services, Secretaries of (table)........963
            Health benefits program, Federal employees'. See 5 
                U.S.C. Sec. Sec. 8901-8913 (not included in Senate 
                Manual).
            Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, Committee on. 
                See Committees, standing.
            Health facilities:
                    Health Promotion, Office of....................304.7
                    Fees for services..............................304.9
            Hearings, committee. See Committee(s): Hearings.
            Heating and ventilating department of Senate wing, 
                admission to..........................................88
            Heating of Senate wing...................................510
            Honoraria.........................................220, 440.1
                    Charitable contribution in lieu of..............35.4
            House of Representatives:
                    Bills from.......................................7.3
                    Concurrence of, required for printing 
                        additional copies costing in excess of sum 
                        established by law..........................11.5
                    Messages from...............................7.1, 9.1
                    Messages to......................................9.2
                    Motion to request return of item from...........13.2
            Housing and Urban Development, Secretaries of (table) 
                                                                     964

                                          I

            Idaho:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................822
            Illinois:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................824
            Illustrations in congressional publications....610, 611, 654
                    In memorial addresses............................634
            Immunity of witnesses............................465.1-465.3
            Impeachment:
                    Proceedings to be kept in separate book.........4.1d
                    Trials, rules for................................100
             Impoundment control......................399.39-24--399.39-
                                                                      29
            Income tax:
                        Federal:
                            Applications for tax exemption, 
                                inspection of, by congressional 
                                committees.........................475.5
                            Capital gains and losses..............474.15
                            Confidentiality of, inspection and 
                                disclosure by congressional 
                                committees...........................475
                            Joint Committee on Taxation..........475-478
                            Political organizations................474.5
                                            Transfer of property 
                                                to...................473
                            Senators:
                                            Residence of, for 
                                                purposes of..........474
                    State:
                            Residence of Senators....................425
                            Withholding of, by Secretary of Senate
                                                                     251
            Independent Counsel:
                    Congressional oversight..........................479
                    Removal of.....................................479.1
                    Statements or reports............................479
                    Termination of Office of.......................479.1
            Index of documents.......................................665
            Indian Affairs, Committee on. See Committees, other.
            Indiana:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................826
            Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of........682-684
            Injunction of secrecy on international agreements....29, 30, 
                                                                   201.5
            Inquiries and investigations (see also Committee(s): 
                Expenditure authorizations; Hearings):
                    Authority for..........26.1, 79, 79.13, 79.16, 79.17
                    Hearings...........................26.4, 26.5, 26.10
                        Investigations:
                            Expenses of, payment of...........26.1, 26.9
                            Resolutions for....................26.9, 353
                    Jurisdiction of committees........................25
                    Witnesses. See under Committee(s): Hearings.
            Insular possessions of the United States (table).........973
            Insurance of office funds of Secretary of the Senate 
                and Sergeant at Arms.................................266
            Intelligence, Select Committee on. See Committees, 
                select.
            Interior, Secretaries of (table).........................958
            Intern, senior citizen.................................79.21
            International agreements, transmission of, to Congress
                                                                   201.5
            Interparliamentary groups:
                    Appointments...471.6, 471.7, 471.10, 471.11, 471.12, 
                                                           471.13, 472.5
                    Appropriations.......471.5, 471.11a, 471.12, 471.13, 
                                                                   472.6
                    Expenses of.............471.8, 471.9, 471.12, 471.13
            Investigations. See Inquiries and investigations.
            Iowa:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................828

                                          J

            Joint committees. See Committees, joint.
            Joint Leadership Group:
                    Membership...................................396.7-2
                    Office of Senate Legal Counsel:
                            Accountability of, to................396.7-1
                            Conflict and inconsistency, function 
                                with respect to cases of........396.15-2
                            Representational activity, authorizing 
                                certain..........................396.8-1
                    Secretary of the Senate, assistance of, to...396.7-3
            Joint resolutions. See Bills and resolutions.
            Journal of the Senate. See Senate Journal.
            Judiciary, Committee on the. See Committees, standing.
            Jurisdiction of committees...25, 70, 79, 79.1, 79.13, 79.16, 
                                                                   79.17
            Jury duty, Senators exempt..............................215a
            Justices of the Supreme Court (table)....................950

                                          K

            Kansas:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................830
            Kentucky:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................832
            Kidnapping, congressional, cabinet, Supreme Court........458
            Kiess Act (Government Printing Office employees' wage 
                scales)..............................................607

                                          L

            Labor, Secretaries of (table)............................962
            Law Library.........................................315, 322
            Laws, public and private, printing of....................621
            Lay on table, motion to.................................22.1
            Leadership. See Majority Leader and Minority Leader.
            ``Leaks'' of confidential business prohibited...........29.5
            Legal Counsel:
                    Advisory functions..........................396.13-1
                    Appointment of; qualifications.................396.1
                            Reappointment..........................396.1
                    Assistant counsels:
                            Appointment of; qualifications.........396.2
                            Compensation of........................396.2
                    Attorney-client relationship...................396.6
                    Compensation of................................396.1
                    Consultants....................................396.3
                    Contingent fund...............................396.19
                            Reimbursements, Senate resolution to 
                                authorize certain...............396.15-4
                    Deputy Counsel:
                            Appointment of; qualifications.........396.1
                                            Reappointment..........396.1
                            Compensation of........................396.1
                            To serve in absence of.................396.1
                    Duties, delegation of..........................396.5
                    Establishment of Office........................396.1
                    Joint Leadership Group:
                            Accountability.......................396.7-1
                            Defense of Senate, committee, 
                                subcommittee, member, officer, or 
                                employee of Senate, authorizing 
                                                                 396.8-1
                            Membership...........................396.7-2
                            Notification and solution in cases of 
                                conflict and inconsistency......396.15-2
                            Secretary of the Senate, assistance 
                                from.............................396.7-3
                    Legal research files........................396.13-2
                    Miscellaneous duties........................396.13-3
                    Personnel......................................396.2
                    Representational activity:
                            Attorney General's responsibility, 
                                relief from.......................396.17
                            Conflict or inconsistency in..........396.15
                                            Joint Leadership Group
                                                                396.15-1
                                            Notification and 
                                                recommended 
                                                solution to be 
                                                printed in the 
                                                Congressional 
                                                                  Record
                                          ..........            396.15-2
                                                    Computation of 
                                                        the 15-
                                                        day review 
                                                        period 
                                                                396.15-3
                                                    Senate action 
                                                                396.15-2
                                                       Resolution by, of
                                                 ...            396.15-2
                                            Notification........396.15-1
                                            Reimbursement.......396.15-4
                            Constitutional powers, defense of 
                                certain...........................396.14
                            Defense of Senate, committee, 
                                subcommittee, member, officer, or 
                                employee of Senate.................396.9
                                            Requirements for 
                                                authorizing......396.8-1
                            Enforcement of Senate subpena or order
                                                                  396.10
                                            Civil actions, 
                                                institution of 
                                                                396.10-1
                                            Committee or 
                                                subcommittee, in 
                                                                 name of
                                           .........            396.10-2
                                            Requirements for 
                                                authorizing by 
                                                resolution.......396.8-2
                                                       Committee reports
                                                 ...            396.10-5
                                                        Consideration of
                                                ....            396.10-3
                                            Rules of the Senate 
                                                                396.10-4
                            Immunity proceedings..................396.12
                                            Requirements for 
                                                authorizing......396.8-4
                            Intervention or appearance............396.11
                                            Actions or proceedings
                                                                396.11-1
                                            Court, compliance with 
                                                admission 
                                                requirements....396.18-2
                                            Notification........396.11-2
                                                             Publication
                                           .........            396.11-2
                                            Powers and 
                                                responsibilities 
                                                of Congress.....396.11-3
                                            Procedural provisions 
                                                                  396.18
                                            Requirements for 
                                                authorizing......396.8-3
                            Requirements for authorizing...........396.8
                                            Joint Leadership Group 
                                                directive........396.8-1
                                            Senate resolution 
                                                        396.8-1--396.8-4
                                            Consideration, 
                                                procedures and 
                                                                   rules
                                         .............            396.16
                                            Recommendations with 
                                                              respect to
                                              .......            396.8-5
                    Standing to sue.............................396.18-3
                    Travel.........................................395.2
            Legal investigations, contributions for costs of 
                certain............................................79.25
            Legislative call system (buzzers, signal lights)..........96
            Legislative Counsel:
                    Appointment of; qualifications...................391
                    Appropriations for, disbursement of..............395
                    Assistant legislative counsel....................393
                            Compensation of..........................393
                    Clerks and employees.............................393
                    Compensation of..................................392
                    Consultants for................................260.4
                    Creation of office...............................390
                    Duties of office.................................394
                    Office equipment and supplies....................393
                    Office expenses................................395.1
                    Rules and regulations............................394
                    Travel.........................................395.2
            Legislative proceedings to be kept in separate book.....4.1d
            Legislative review by standing committees...............26.8
            Librarian of Congress. See Library of Congress.
            Libraries, depository. See Depository libraries.
            Library, Joint Committee on. See Committees, joint.
            Library of Congress...............................315-334.10
                    Binding of printed hearings for..................325
                    Capitol Police detail..........................546.1
                    Committee hearings for use of....................325
                    Congressional Research Service...................334
                            Appropriation authorization for.......334.10
                            Budget estimates for...................334.7
                            Compensation of personnel of....334.3, 334.8
                            Deputy Director of.....................334.3
                            Digests of bills and resolutions.......334.4
                            Director of............................334.3
                            Duties of..............................334.4
                            Policy of Congress in respect to.......334.2
                            Report of..............................334.9
                            Specialists and Senior Specialists.....334.5
                            Technology assessment, functions in 
                                respect to................399.29, 399.30
                    Distribution of Government publications to......324, 
                                                                326, 667
                    Joint Committee on the Library, See 
                        Committees, joint.
                    Law Library.................................315, 322
                    Librarian of Congress............................320
                            Compensation of........................320.1
                            Deputy Librarian, compensation of......320.1
                            Report of................................323
                                            Printing of............661.1
                            Rules and regulations for................320
                    Trust fund, management of........................329
                    Trust Fund Board.................................327
            Line item veto.....................................399.39-34
            Lobbying:
                    Definitions.................................399.90-2
                    Disclosure and enforcement..................399.90-5
                    Estimates based on tax reporting system....399.90-10
                    Exempt organizations.......................399.90-11
                    Findings....................................399.90-1
                    Former Senators and employees................37.8-11
                    Identification of clients and covered 
                        officials...............................399.90-9
                    Penalties...................................399.90-6
                    Registration of lobbyists...................399.90-3
                    Reports by registered lobbyists.............399.90-4
                    Rules of construction.......................399.90-7
                    Severability................................399.90-8
                    Taxability of lobbying expenses............399.90-12
                    Use of appropriated moneys for...................464
            Longevity compensation.................251.1-1, 251.2, 251.5
            Louisiana:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................834
            Loyalty of employees to Government............76, 434, 464.1

                                          M

            Mailgram allowance.....................................496.2
            Mailing. See Franking privilege; Senators: allowances: 
                Postage.
            Maine:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................836
            Majority, Conference of. See Conference of the 
                Majority.
            Majority, Secretary for. See Secretary for the 
                Majority.
            Majority Leader:
                    Capitol Preservation Commission, membership.....522a
                            Senate Commission on Art, membership 
                                                                    522b
                    Committee system, review of....................79.20
                    Compensation of..................................220
                    Consultants for................................260.4
                    Employees affected by death or resignation of, 
                        compensation of...............................74
                    Employees of............................260.2-260.4a
                    Expense allowance..............................220.5
                    Joint Leadership Group, membership...........396.7-2
                    Representation allowance.......................220.6
                    Transfers among accounts......................220.7a
            Majority Whip:
                    Employees affected by death or resignation of, 
                        compensation of...............................74
                    Employees of...................................260.5
                    Expense allowance..............................220.5
            Maps, printing of........................................610
            Marble room...............................................86
            Maryland:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since the formation of the 
                        Union (table)................................838
            Mass mailing. See Franking privilege.
            Massachusetts:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since the formation of the 
                        Union (table)................................840
            Materials, purchase of..............................271, 297
            Mechanical equipment, use of, in Senate Chamber.........83.2
            Meeting place of Congress, changing......................214
            Meetings, committee................................26.1-26.7
            Membership of committees...........................25.2-25.4
            Members of the Senate. See Senators.
            Memorial addresses, printing of..............79.10, 633, 634
            Memorials. See Petitions and memorials.
            Messages from:
                    House of Representatives....................7.1, 9.1
                    President of the United States..............7.1, 9.1
            Messages to:
                    House of Representatives.........................9.2
                    President of the United States...................9.2
            Messengers acting as assistant doorkeepers................84
            Mexico-United States Interparliamentary Group.........471.11
            Michigan:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................842
            Mileage. See Travel expenses.
            Military Academy:
                    Board of Visitors to.............................442
                    Cadets, appointment of.........................441.5
            Minnesota:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................844
            Minority:
                    Staffs of committees.......................27.1-27.3
                    Witnesses before committees selected by........26.4d
            Minority, Conference of. See Conference of the 
                Minority.
            Minority, Secretary for. See Secretary for the 
                Minority.
            Minority Leader:
                    Capitol Preservation Commission, membership.....522a
                            Senate Commission on Art, membership 
                                                                    522b
                    Committee system, review of....................79.20
                    Compensation of..................................220
                    Consultants for................................260.4
                    Employees affected by death or resignation of, 
                        compensation of...............................74
                    Employees of............................260.2-260.4a
                    Expense allowance..............................220.5
                    Joint Leadership Group, membership...........396.7-2
                    Representation allowance.......................220.6
                    Transfers among accounts......................220.7a
            Minority views in committee reports...................26.10c
            Minority Whip:
                    Employees affected by death or resignation of, 
                        compensation of...............................74
                    Employees of...................................260.5
                    Expense allowance..............................220.5
            Minors, other than pages, employed by Senate.............282
            Missing children, photos on official mail..............496.3
            Mississippi:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................846
            Missouri:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................848
            Mobile offices for Senators............................247.6
            Montana:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................850
            Morning business...........................................7
            Morning hour:
                    Conclusion of..........................7.2, 8, 19.1b
            Motions:
                    Precedence of.............................15.3, 22.1
                    To be in writing................................15.1
                    Withdrawal or modification of, by mover.........15.2
            Motions to:
                    Adjourn.................................6.4, 9, 22.1
                    Amend...........................................22.1
                    Amend or correct journal........................4.1a
                    Amend the part to be stricken...................15.3
                    Change order of special orders..................10.2
                    Close debate....................................22.2
                    Commit a bill or resolution...............14.7, 22.1
                    Compel the presence of absent Senators...........6.4
                    Continue the consideration of a subject..........7.2
                    Discharge a committee..........................17.4a
                    Extend post-cloture debate......................22.2
                    Lay before Senate bills or other matters from 
                        the President or the House...................7.3
                    Lay on table....................................22.1
                    Postpone........................................22.1
                    Print (documents, reports, etc.)..........11.4, 11.5
                    Proceed to executive business...................22.1
                    Proceed to the consideration of:
                            Any change in Standing Rules.............8.2
                            Executive business......................22.1
                            Other business..........................10.2
                            Subject........................7.2, 8.1, 8.2
                    Recess..........................................22.1
                    Reconsider........................................13
                    Reconsider a nomination....................31.3-31.5
                    Request return of item from House...............13.2
                    Strike out......................................15.3
                    Strike out and insert...........................15.3

                                          N

            National Archives and Records Administration....60, 679, 680
            National Capital Memorials and Commemorative Works.......559
                    Congressional authorization....................559.3
                    National Capital Memorial Commission, 
                        membership.................................559.4
                    Site and design approval.......................559.7
            National Science Foundation: Liaison with Office of 
                Technology Assessment.............................399.32
            National Statuary Hall...................................521
            National Visitor Center..................................554
            Naval Academy:
                    Board of Visitors to.............................443
                    Midshipmen, appointment of..............442.5, 442.6
            Navy, Secretaries of (table).............................957
            Nebraska:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................852
            Nepotism...............................................431.1
            Nevada:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................854
            New Hampshire:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since formation of the Union 
                        (table)......................................856
            New Jersey:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since formation of the Union 
                        (table)......................................858
            New Mexico:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................860
            News media galleries, regulation of.....................33.2
            New York:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since formation of the Union 
                        (table)......................................862
            Nominations:
                    Injunction of secrecy on........................31.2
                    Proceedings on....................................31
                    Recess appointees................................433
            North Atlantic Treaty Organization: parliamentary 
                groups......................................472.5, 472.6
            North Carolina:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since the formation of the 
                        Union (table)................................864
            North Dakota:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................866
            Nurses, registered, in Capitol and Congressional 
                office buildings.....................................509

                                          O

            Oaths:
                    Designation of employees of Senate Disbursing 
                        Office to administer.......................263.1
                    Employees of the Senate..........................430
                    President of the Senate..........................211
                    Presiding officer may administer.................212
                    Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Senate 
                        may administer, to officers of the Senate 
                        and witnesses................................213
                    Senators......................................3, 210
                    Witnesses........................................348
            Objection to reading a paper............................11.3
            Occupational Safety and Health Act, application to 
                Congress..........................................399.73
            Office equipment or furnishing for Senators..............248
                    Disposal of used or surplus......................300
                            Receipts from sales of...................300
            Office expenses:
                    Contributions used for..........................38.2
                    Of Senators in home States.....................246.1
            Office of Compliance..................................399.77
            Office of Management and Budget, Director of:
                    Budgetary and fiscal data processing system....487.1
                    Budgetary and fiscal data to be made available 
                        to Congress..................................488
                    Budget standard classifications...........487.1, 488
            Office of Senate Counsel. See Legal Counsel.
            Office of Senate Health Promotion......................304.7
            Office of Senate Security..............................79.31
            Office of Special Services. See Special Services 
                Office.
            Offices, mobile, for Senators..........................247.6
            Officers of the Senate: (see also title of specific 
                officer):
                    Actions against, for official acts........301, 301.5
                    Activities of, in claims against the 
                        Government...................................454
                    Authority over employees of the Senate....37.11, 249
                    Compensation, dates of payment of................250
                    Compensation to, in matters affecting the 
                        Government...................................452
                    Conflict of interest.......................37, 249.1
                        Contracts. See as main entry.
                    Deceased, salary due.............................226
                    Decorations tendered by foreign governments to
                                                                   434.5
                    Disclosure of financial interests............34, 439
                    Families of, police protection.................546.2
                    Foreign travel by...................39, 79.22, 220.1
                    Gifts......................................35, 220.1
                    Legal Counsel, defense by, of.........396.8-1, 396.9
                    Legal investigations, contributions for costs 
                        of certain.................................79.25
                    Outside business or professional activity or 
                        employment...............................36, 440
                    Political-fund activity by........................41
                    Protection of, by Capitol Police...............546.2
                    Service pins or emblems.........................79.2
                    Standards of conduct for.......34-43, 79.6, 439, 440
            Office expenses:
                    Legislative Counsel............................395.1
                    Senatorial.......................................246
                    Sergeant at Arms...............................267.2
            Office space for Senators in home States.................247
            Official expenses of Senators.....................246-246.11
                    Reimbursement:
                            Documentation required.................79.23
                    Restriction on certain.........................79.27
            Official Reporters.....................................307.1
            Ohio:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................868
            Oklahoma:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................870
            Old Senate Chamber....................................522b-2
            Open sessions of committees............................26.5b
            Order:
                    In committee meetings........................26.5(d)
                    In the Chamber or galleries.....................19.6
                    Of business........................................8
                            Special orders.......................8.1, 10
                    Questions of......................................20
            Ordinance of 1787........................................757
            Oregon:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................872
            Outside business or professional activity or 
                employment by officers or employees of the Senate 
                                                             36, 37, 440
                    Amount allowed.................................440.1
                    Charitable contributions...................35, 440.1
                    Compliance.....................................440.4
                            Civil Penalties........................440.4
                    Definitions....................................440.5
                    Honoraria prohibited...........................440.1
                    Types of affiliation prohibited................440.2

                                          P

            Pages, Senate:
                    Appointment of...................................283
                    Classification..................................65.1
                    Compensation of..................................283
                    Dormitory and classroom facilities for...284, 513.6, 
                                                                   518.7
                    Education of....................................65.2
                    Residence, Superintendent of Pages.............518.7
                    Withholding from salary for expenses............65.3
            Paper, purchase of.......................................295
            Papers:
                    Objection to reading (a)........................11.3
                    Printing of...............................11.4, 11.5
                    Withdrawal of...................................11.1
            Parking facilities for the Senate................97, 513.3-4
            Parliamentarian Emeritus of the Senate.................79.11
            Pay. See Compensation.
            Peddling forbidden in Senate wing of Capitol..............92
            Pennsylvania:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since formation of the Union 
                        (table)......................................874
            Pension bills....................................14.9, 14.10
            Per diem expenses, reimbursement for..............272, 433.4
            Periodical Correspondents' Association..................85.3
            Periodical Press Gallery................................85.3
            Personnel, Senate. See Employees of the Senate.
            Petitions and memorials:
                    Presentation of....................................7
                    Reference of.....................................7.4
                    Summary of, to be printed in Congressional 
                        Record.......................................7.5
            Philip A. Hart Senate Office Building...................79.9
            Photographic Studio, Senate. See Senate Recording 
                Studio and Photographic Studio.
            Photographs, taking of, prohibited in Senate Chamber 
                                                                    83.1
            Points of order:
                    Conference report.........................28.2, 28.3
                    During cloture proceedings......................22.2
                     In the budget process.....399.39-5--10, 399.39-15--
                                      16, 399.39-21c, 399.39-23e, 399.49
                    Measure reported from a committee...............26.7
                    On appropriation bill amendments..................16
                    Restriction on the expenditure of funds 
                        appropriated................................16.6
            Police, Capitol. See Capitol Police.
            Political campaigns, contributions, expenditures, etc. 
                See Elections.
            Political fund activity by officers and employees of 
                Senate................................................41
            Political organizations, taxation of...................474.5
                    Transfer of property to..........................473
            Poll tax eliminated as requisite for voting..............794
            Population of (tables):
                    District of Columbia.............................972
                    Insular possessions of the United States.........973
                    States other than the Thirteen Original States
                                                                     971
                    Thirteen Original States.........................970
            Post-employment lobbying..........................37.8, 37.9
            Postage allowance:
                    For Chaplain of the Senate.....................256.5
                    For President of Senate..........................231
                    Mailing and delivery services..................246.1
                    Senatorial................................246.1, 496
            Postal conventions, printing of..........................621
            Postal Service, reimbursement to, for postage under 
                franking privilege...................................496
            Postmasters General (table)..............................956
            Postpone, motion to.....................................22.1
            Powers, committee.................................25.1, 26.1
            Prayer, daily, by Chaplain...............................4.2
            Preambles to bills and resolutions......................14.8
            Precedence of motions.............................15.3, 22.1
            Presentation of credentials................................2
            Presidential Gallery....................................85.5
            Presidential succession..................................418
            President of the Senate (see also President(s) pro 
                tempore; Presiding Officer; Vice President):
                    Certification of mileage and salary accounts 
                        of Senators..................................244
                    Oath of..........................................211
                    Postage allowance................................231
                    Stationery allowance........................236, 237
            President(s) of the United States:
                    Archival depository..............................679
                    Bills or other matters from......................7.3
                    Budget, national..............483.1, 484, 484.1, 485
                    Changing the meeting place of Congress...........214
                    Commencement of term of office...................420
                    Economic Report of.............................446.5
                    Election of..................................400-419
                    Electoral votes for (table)................901-949.1
                    Former Presidents entitled to address the 
                        Senate......................................19.8
                    Meeting with Senate on executive business.......29.1
                    Messages to Congress.............................7.1
                            Confidential communications.............29.3
                            Printing of..............................662
                            Rescission/deferral of budget 
                                 authority...................399.39-24--
                                                                      26
                    Presidential Election Campaign funds...478.5, 478.10
                    President's seal, use of......................462.17
                    Resignation, or refusal of office................419
                    To be furnished with transcript of executive 
                        records of Senate.............................32
                    Vacancy in office of.............................418
            President(s) pro tempore (see also President of the 
                Senate; Presiding Officer; Vice President).............1
                    Capitol Building, assignment of space in.........516
                    Capitol Preservation Commission, membership.....522a
                    Commission on Art (Senate), membership..........522b
                    Compensation of.............................220, 222
                    Election of......................................1.1
                    Employees affected by death or resignation of, 
                        compensation of...............................72
                    Employees of...................................260.6
                    Expense allowance..............................222.6
                    John W. McCormack Residential Page School, 
                        direction of...............................518.7
                    Joint Leadership Group, membership...........396.7-2
                    Legal Counsel, appointment of..................396.1
                    Legislative Counsel, appointment of..............391
                    Permanent acting (table).......................798.5
                    Seal of.........................................66.1
                    Table of, since the First Congress...............798
            Presiding Officer (see also President of the Senate; 
                President(s) pro tempore; Vice President):
                    Administration of oaths by.......................212
                    Calling a Senator to order......................19.4
                    Chair:
                            Appointment of Senator to perform 
                                duties of..............................1
                            Order in Chamber or galleries, 
                                enforcement of......................19.6
                            Performance of duties of, by:
                                            Assistant Secretary of 
                                                the Senate...........1.2
                                            Secretary of the 
                                                Senate...............1.2
                            Ruling of, appeal from..................19.4
                    Directing a Senator to take his seat............19.4
                    May at any time lay before the Senate bills or 
                        other matters from the President or the 
                        House........................................7.1
                    Questions of order may be decided by, or 
                        submitted by him for decision by Senate.......20
                    Recognition of a Senator who desires to speak 
                                                                   19.1a
                    Rules for regulation of Senate wing, 
                        enforcement of..............................33.2
                    To decide questions of committee jurisdiction 
                                                                    17.1
                    To keep time during cloture debate..............22.2
                    Vice President (see also as main entry):
                            Absence of..........................1.1, 1.2
            Press Gallery...........................................85.1
            Press Photographers' Gallery............................85.4
            Printing, Joint Committee on. See Committees, joint.
            Printing and binding (see also Committees, joint: 
                Printing):
                    Acts.............................................622
                    Agriculture, report of the Secretary.............661
                    Appropriation to which printing shall be 
                        charged......................................627
                    Bills and resolutions.................11.6, 618, 619
                    Binding:
                            Bills and resolutions....................620
                            Committee reports........................637
                            For Members of Congress.............644, 645
                            For Senate Library.......................646
                            Publications for distribution to 
                                libraries............................647
                    Blank books.................................295, 643
                    Classification and numbering of congressional 
                        publications.................................629
                            Printing not bearing congressional 
                                number...............................666
                    Committee prints.................................636
                    Committee reports.............................26.10c
                            Indexing and binding.....................637
                    Conference reports..............................28.4
                    Congressional Directory.....................631, 632
                    Congressional Record. See as main entry.
                    Department of State quota of documents and 
                        reports......................................625
                    Depository libraries. See as main entry.
                    Disposition of documents stored at Capitol.......650
                    Distribution of documents and reports............613
                            To Members of Congress...................639
                            To retiring Members......................640
                    District of Columbia Code........................202
                    Documents and reports ordered by Members of 
                        Congress.....................................642
                    Documents not provided for by law................626
                    Documents to be deposited in Library of 
                        Congress.....................................324
                    Document room, superintendent....................648
                    Duplicate orders to print........................617
                    Economic Indicators, printing of.................448
                    Editions, two or more............................624
                    Envelopes for Members of Congress................642
                    Eulogies.............................79.10, 633, 634
                    Executive Journal.................................75
                    Extra copies of documents and reports.......614, 615
                            For private parties......................664
                    Extracts from Congressional Record and other 
                        documents...............................657, 658
                    Field printing plants............................608
                    Franks...........................................642
                    Government Printing Office employees' wage 
                        scales (Kiess Act)...........................607
                    Government printing to be done at Government 
                        Printing Office..............................608
                    Hearings, committee...........................26.10a
                            Binding for Library of Congress..........325
                            Printing of......................26.10a, 629
                    Illustrations................610, 611, 634, 654, 660
                    Index of documents...............................665
                    International exchange of Government 
                        publications.................................668
                    Joint Committee on Printing. See Committees, 
                        joint.
                    Lapse of authority to print......................628
                    Laws.............................................621
                    Library of Congress, distribution of 
                        publications to..............................667
                    Maps........................................610, 654
                    Memorial addresses........................79.10, 633
                            Illustrations accompanying...............634
                    Motions to print..........................11.4, 11.5
                    Neglect or delay in public printing, remedying
                                                                     602
                    Orders for printing to be acted on within 1 
                        year.........................................611
                    Paper, estimates of..............................612
                    Paper, envelopes, and blank books for 
                        stationery room..............................295
                    Papers, etc.......................................29
                    Postal conventions...............................621
                    President's messages to Congress.................662
                    Public and private laws..........................621
                    Public Printer:
                            Appointment of...........................603
                            Compensation of..........................605
                            Depository-library laws, 
                                implementation of....................678
                            Deputy Public Printer:
                                            Appointment, duties of
                                                                     604
                                            Compensation of..........605
                            Vacancy in office of.....................606
                        Reports of:
                            Librarian of Congress..................661.1
                            Secretary of Agriculture.................661
                    Reports on private bills.........................613
                    Reprinting:
                            Bills, laws, and reports not exceeding 
                                50 pages.............................616
                            Documents and reports for Members........642
                    Resolutions.................................618, 619
                    Senate document room; superintendent.............648
                    Senate Journal...................................623
                    Senate Manual....................................630
                    Senate Service Department; superintendent........649
                    Statement of appropriations......................635
                    Stationery and blank books.......................643
                    Statutes at Large...........................201, 638
                    Superintendent of Documents:
                            Depository libraries: See as main 
                                entry.
                            Index of documents.......................665
                            Printing for sale to public..............663
                            Vacancy in office of.....................606
                    Treaties....................................621, 622
                    United States Code...............................203
                    ``Usual number'' of documents and reports........613
            Private bills....................................14.9, 14.10
                    Banned.........................................14.10
            Private claims...................................14.10, 16.5
            Privilege of the floor....................................23
            Pro bono legal services, acceptance of.................79.36
            Procedure, committee......................................26
            Professional staffs of committees. See Committee(s): 
                Staff.
            Proxies, use of, in committee...........................26.7
            Publications, Government. See Printing and binding.
            Public office, appointive:
                    Acceptance or solicitation to obtain.............456
                    Nomination proceedings............................31
                    Offer to procure.................................455
                    Recess appointments..............................433
            Public officials, unlawful attempt to influence action 
                of...................................................450
            Public Printer. See Printing and binding.
            Puerto Rico, commonwealth of (historical data)...........973
            Purchase of:
                    American goods in preference to foreign..........294
                    Paper, envelopes, and blank books for sale by 
                        stationery room..............................295
                    Stationery.......................................297
                    Supplies for the Senate..........................296

                                          Q

            Question:
                    Division of a...................................15.3
                    Of absence of a quorum...........................6.3
                    Of order..........................................20
            Quorum:
                    Absence of, question of..........................6.3
                    For cloture vote................................22.2
                    For unanimous consent to take a final vote on 
                        a specified date............................12.4
                    Of a committee.................................26.7a
                    Of the Senate....................................6.1
                    Sergeant at Arms to obtain attendance of 
                        absent Senators..............................6.4

                                          R

            Radio and television broadcasting:
                    Committee hearings and meetings................26.5c
                    Senate Chamber proceedings.....................79.28
            Radio-Television Correspondents' Gallery................85.2
            Ranking majority member of committee to serve in 
                absence of chairman.................................26.3
            Ratification of:
                    Constitution of the United States................769
                            Table....................................970
                    Treaties..........................................30
            Reading of:
                    Bills and joint resolutions.....................14.2
                    Journal.....................................4.1, 9.1
                    Paper (a), objection to.........................11.3
                    Washington's Farewell Address.....................68
            Receipts and expenditures, reports on....................298
            Receipts from certain sales by Sergeant at Arms...296.1, 300
            Recess, motion to.......................................22.1
            Recess appointments......................................433
            Reconciliation. See Budget process, Congressional.
            Reconsideration...........................................13
                    Of nominations.............................31.3-31.5
            Record, Congressional.  See Congressional Record.
            Recording Studio and Photographic Studio, Senate.........305
                    Redesignation of..............................305.17
                    Restrictions on use.............................40.6
            Record of committee:
                    Action.........................................26.5e
                    Votes..........................................26.7b
            Records, committee.......................11.2, 26.5e, 26.10a
            Records of Congress:
                    Preservation of.....................11.2, 679.1, 680
                    Public access to...........................60, 679.1
            Reference:
                    To committees.............................14.3, 17.1
            Reimbursement (see also Compensation):
                    Documentation required.........................79.23
                    Government agencies for services of employees 
                        detailed to committees.....................481.6
                    Items cleared for Senate.......................250.7
                    Mileage.  See Transportation expenses.
                    Per diem expenses.........................272, 433.4
                    Postal Service for postage under franking 
                        privilege....................................496
                    Preauthorization and disclosure.................35.2
                    Subsistence expenses.............................272
                    Witnesses.............................69, 352, 352.5
            Relatives, employment of...............................431.1
            Remarks of Senators, printing of, in Congressional 
                Record................................................61
            Rental allowance for Senators in home States...........246.1
            Reorganization of Congress (cross-reference tables).......55
            Reporters of debates............................307.1, 307.2
            Reportorial services to committees, payment for....26.1, 273
            Reports:
                    Agencies on actions recommended by GAO.........481.5
                    Committee.  See Committee(s): Reports.
                    Comptroller General:
                            Financial disclosure...................439.8
                            Fiscal information.......481.3, 481.4, 487.1
                    Conference committees.............................28
                    Counterpart funds used by Senate committees......472
                    Ethics, Select Committee on, designated to 
                        administer financial disclosure reporting 
                        requirements................................79.1
                    Financial disclosure.........................34, 439
                    Independent Counsel.......................479, 479.1
                    Librarian of Congress............................323
                    Lobbying....................................399.90-4
                    Mass mailings..................................248.7
                    Members, officers and employees of the Senate:
                            Contributions........................35, 439
                            Financial interests............34, 79.1, 439
                            Gifts.....................................35
                            Outside business or professional 
                                activity.........................36, 440
                    Presidential election campaign fund............478.5
                    Presidential primary matching payment account 
                                                                   478.8
                    Secretary of the Senate:
                            Expenditures, semiannual statement of 
                                                                     288
                            Receipts and expenditures, detailed 
                                report of............................298
                    Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of 
                        the Office of Management and Budget on 
                        fiscal, budget, and program information......488
                    Senatorial candidates on contributions.....34, 439.1
                    To accompany supplemental authorization 
                        resolutions.................................26.9
            Representation (of constituents) by Members...............43
            Representatives, apportionments of (table)...............974
            Reprints of publications............................616, 642
            Rescissions and deferrals. See Budget process.
            Residence of Senators, for tax purposes..................425
            Resignation of a Senator, compensation and direction 
                of employees as affected by...........................72
            Resolutions.  See Bills and resolutions.
            Restaurants.  See Senate Restaurants.
            Retirement benefits of Senators and employees of the 
                Senate. See 5 U.S.C. Sec. Sec. 8331-8348 (not 
                included in Senate Manual).
            Rhode Island:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since formation of the Union 
                        (table)......................................876
            Richard Brevard Russell Senate Office Building..........79.8
            Rollcalls................................................6.3
            Rules, amendment and suspension of.........................5
            Rules, standing, of the Senate.  See Standing Rules of 
                the Senate.
            Rules and Administration, Committee on.  See 
                Committees, standing.
            Rules for Regulation of the Senate Wing of the United 
                States Capitol and Senate Office Buildings............80
            Rules of Procedure and Practice in the Senate When 
                Sitting on Impeachment Trials........................100
            Rules of procedure for committees.......................26.2
            Russell Senate Office Building..........................79.8

                                          S

            Salaries.  See Compensation.
            Salary deposit in financial organizations..............489.1
            Sale of waste paper and condemned furniture..............300
            Scheduling of committee meetings..................26.3, 26.6
            Seal of the:
                    President and Vice President..................462.17
                    President pro tempore...........................66.1
                    Senate....................................66, 462.17
                    United States.................................462.17
            Secrecy, injunction of.........30.1, 31.2, 36.2, 38.2, 201.5
            Secretaries of (tables):
                    Agriculture......................................959
                    Commerce.........................................961
                    Commerce and Labor...............................960
                    Defense..........................................953
                    Education........................................967
                    Energy...........................................966
                    Health and Human Services........................963
                    Housing and Urban Development....................964
                    Interior.........................................958
                    Labor............................................962
                    Navy.............................................957
                    State............................................951
                    Transportation...................................965
                    Treasury.........................................952
                    Veterans Affairs.................................968
                    War..............................................954
            Secretary of Defense: Armed forces appropriations........441
            Secretary for the Majority:
                    Duties of.........................................81
                    Expense allowance..............................267.1
            Secretary for the Minority:
                    Duties of.........................................81
                    Expense allowance..............................267.1
            Secretary of the Conference of the Majority: 
                Compensation of employees affected by death or 
                resignation of........................................74
            Secretary of the Conference of the Minority: 
                Compensation of employees affected by death or 
                resignation of........................................74
            Secretary of State: Diplomatic gallery, admission 
                cards to............................................85.5
            Secretary of the Senate. See also Officers of the 
                Senate:
                    Administration of oaths to officers of the 
                        Senate and witnesses.........................213
                    Administrative assistants, authorization to 
                        employ.......................................280
                    Appropriations for the Senate, withdrawal of 
                        unexpended balances of.......................287
                    Assistant Secretary of the Senate................265
                            Oaths, administration of.................213
                            Performance of duties of Chair by........1.2
                    Banking and financial transactions, 
                        reimbursement for..........................250.7
                    Beneficiaries, payments to.......................226
                    Certificates of election and appointment....2.2, 2.3
                    Check cashing regulations, personal............250.7
                    Communications, official, function with 
                        respect to...................................7.6
                    Compensation of..................................253
                    Consultants for................................260.4
                    Contingent fund, separate account..............270.3
                    Curator of Art and Antiquities of the Senate 
                                                                    522b
                    Deductions from salaries of employees for:
                            Charitable contributions...............251.1
                            Indebtedness....................250.7, 79.32
                    Deductions from salaries of Senators for:
                            Absence..................................227
                            Delinquent indebtedness..................229
                            Failure to pay for excerpts from the 
                                Congressional Record.................658
                            Withdrawal...............................228
                    Disbursing officer, Financial clerk shall 
                        serve in absence of Secretary................264
                    Disposition of documents stored at Capitol.......650
                    Duties of the Chair, performance of, by..........1.2
                    Education of pages and other minor employees 
                                                                 65, 282
                    Employees of a Senator, direction of, in event 
                        of:
                            Death or resignation of a Senator.........72
                            Termination of service of appointed 
                                Senator...............................73
                    Employees of a Senator-elect, appointment of 
                                                                     234
                    Enrollment of bills and joint resolutions and 
                        presentation of same to President of 
                        United States...............................14.5
                    Expense allowance..............................267.1
                    Financial disclosure by senatorial candidates 
                        and officers and employees of Senate.....34, 439
                    Franking privilege...............40.3, 491, 492, 496
                    Insurance of office funds........................266
                    Joint Leadership Group, assistance to........396.7-3
                    Lobbyists, registration and reporting of...399.90-3, 
                                                                       4
                    Messages to the President and to the House to 
                        be certified and delivered by................9.2
                    Nominations, function in respect to........30.4-30.7
                    Oaths, administration of.........................213
                            Designation of employees to administer
                                                                   263.1
                    Office of Public Records, revolving fund.......270.7
                    Official Reporters.............................307.1
                    Pages, education of...............................65
                    Payment of salaries of officers and employees 
                        of the Senate, date of.......................250
                    Purchase of supplies.............................296
                    Reports by committees on part-time employees 
                                                                      63
                    Reports by Senatorial candidates and officers 
                        and employees of the Senate on 
                        contributions and honoraria..................439
                    Reports, semiannual, to Congress on 
                        expenditures.................................288
                    Reports to Congress on receipts and 
                        expenditures.................................298
                    Reprinting bills, laws, and reports not 
                        exceeding 50 pages...........................616
                    Restriction on payment of dual compensation by
                                                                     268
                    Salary deposit in financial organizations......489.1
                    Sale of waste paper and condemned furniture......300
                    Seal of the Senate, custody of............66, 462.17
                    Senate document room; superintendent.............648
                    Senate Journal. See as main entry.
                    Service pins or emblems.........................79.2
                    Staff, statutory positions, abolish certain......255
                    Stationery, advertising and contracting for 
                                                                 291-293
                    Transfers of funds.............................263.2
                    Travel expenses.........................254.8, 254.9
                    U.S. Code Annotated or U.S. Code Service, 
                        procurement of, for Senators.................245
                    Waiver of claims arising out of payments to 
                        Vice President, Senator, or Senate 
                        employee.....................................312
                    Withholding and remitting State income taxes 
                                                                     251
                    Withdrawal of papers............................11.1
            Secretary of the Treasury:
                    Budgetary and fiscal data processing system....487.1
                    Budgetary and fiscal data to be made available 
                        to Congress..................................488
                    Budget standard classifications................487.1
                    Report to Congress on fiscal, budget, and 
                        program information..........................488
            Security, loyalty, striking...................76, 434, 464.1
            Select committees, See Committees, select.
            Senate:
                    Civil actions, U.S. District Court for the 
                        District of Columbia, jurisdiction for.....479.2
                    Employees of. See Employees of the Senate.
                    Gifts, acceptance of...........................79.34
                    Laws, general and permanent, relating to.........200
                    Officers of. See Officers of the Senate, or 
                        title of specific officer.
                    Seal of...................................66, 462.17
            Senate Barber and Beauty Shops Revolving Fund..........304.5
            Senate Chamber:
                    Broadcast of proceedings.......................79.28
                    Cloakrooms, admission to..........................87
                    Daniel Webster desk.............................79.3
                    Display materials in..............................98
                    Flowers in........................................64
                    For Senate use only.............................33.1
                    Galleries, regulation of............19.6, 19.7, 33.2
                    Henry Clay desk................................79.39
                    Jefferson Davis desk...........................79.35
                    Mechanical equipment in.........................83.2
                    Old Chamber, supervision and maintenance......522b-2
                    Order in, enforcement of........................19.6
                    Smoking not permitted in........................33.1
                    Taking of pictures, prohibited..................83.1
                    Use of............................................82
            Senate Employee Child Care Center....................549c, d
            Senate Code of Official Conduct........34-43, 79.6, 439, 440
            Senate Computer Center: Revolving fund................305.21
            Senate document room; superintendent.....................648
            Senate flag............................................79.29
            Senate floor, persons admitted on..................23, 79.37
            Senate Gallery..........................................85.6
            Senate garage........................................97, 519
            Senate Gift Shop.......................................304.8
            Senate Journal:
                    Contents of.....................................4.1c
                    Deposit of copies in Library of Congress.........324
                    Extracts from, to be received in evidence........480
                    Fees for transcripts from........................299
                    Legislative, executive, confidential, and 
                        impeachment proceedings to be recorded in 
                        separate books..............................4.1d
                    Printing of......................................623
                    Reading of............................4.1, 9.1, 28.1
            Senate Legal Counsel. See Legal Counsel.
            Senate Library:
                    Binding for......................................646
                    Documents not bearing a congressional number, 
                        copies of, for...............................666
            Senate Manual, printing of...............................630
            Senate Office Building Commission:
                    Capitol Visitor Center...........................556
                    Dormitory and classroom facilities for pages 
                                                       284, 513.6, 518.7
            Senate Office Buildings:
                    Assignment of space in....................25.1n, 515
                    City Post Office Building, leased space........513.5
                    Control, care, and supervision of................514
                    Designated as Hart Senate Office Building.......79.9
                    Designated as Russell and Dirksen Office 
                        Buildings...................................79.8
                    Energy management of Congressional buildings 
                        (note).......................................506
                    Expenditures for, certification of vouchers 
                        for..........................................517
                    Extension of additional Senate Office Building 
                        site.......................................513.1
                    New Senate Office Building, extension to.......513.2
                    Nurses, registered in............................509
                    Regulation of...............................33.2, 97
                    Structural changes in, to be approved by 
                        Architect of the Capitol.....................512
                    Telecommunications, overall plan (note)..........506
            Senate pages. See Pages, Senate.
            Senate Recording and Photographic Studios.........40.6, 305, 
                                                                  305.17
            Senate Restaurants:
                    Control and direction of..........................90
                    Management of, etc...............................518
                    Surcharge on orders, for deficit fund............304
            Senate seal.......................................66, 462.17
            Senate Security, Office of.............................79.31
            Senate Service Department................................649
            Senate Wing of the Capitol. See Capitol Building.
            Senate youth program................................78, 78.1
            Senators:
                    Absence of.............................6, 79.28, 227
                    Allowances:
                            Magazines, periodicals, clippings......246.1
                            Mailing and delivery services..........246.1
                            Mileage:
                                            Certification of 
                                                mileage accounts 
                                                by President of 
                                                the Senate...........244
                                            Rates..................433.5
                            Mobile offices.........................247.6
                            Office equipment or furnishings..........248
                            Office expenses in home States.........246.1
                            Office space in home States..............247
                            Postage (see also Franking privilege, 
                                as main entry)................246.1, 496
                            Stationery.............................246.1
                            Telecommunications..............246.1, 246.8
                            Telegram...............................246.1
                            Transportation..................246.1, 246.3
                    Appointment of...................................2.2
                    Assassination of.................................458
                    Assault of.......................................458
                    Binding for.................................644, 645
                    Classification of................................799
                    Code of official conduct. See Rules 34-43.
                    Compensation of. See Compensation.
                    Contracts by. See Contracts.
                    Deceased:
                            Compensation of employees.................72
                            Office expenses in home States.........246.1
                            Salary due...............................226
                    Decorations tendered by foreign governments to
                                                                   434.5
                    Depository libraries, designation of........673, 676
                    Directed to take his seat.......................19.4
                    Disclosure of financial interests............34, 439
                    Disparaging reference by one, to another........19.2
                    Distribution of documents to.................639-641
                    Election of. See Elections.
                    Employees of. See Employees of the Senate.
                    Extra copies of documents and reports ordered 
                        by...........................................642
                    Extracts from Congressional Record or other 
                        documents....................................657
                            Envelopes for............................657
                            Payment for..............................658
                    Family of, police protection...................546.2
                    Federal income tax:
                            Government publications...............474.10
                            Residence of a Senator for purposes of
                                                                     474
                    Financial disclosure.........................34, 439
                    Flags, Senate, purchase of.....................79.29
                    Foreign travel......................39, 79.22, 220.1
                    Franking privilege.............40.1-40.5, 491, 496.2
                    Franks and envelopes for, printing of............642
                    Gifts........................35, 79.36, 220.1, 439.2
                    Honoraria, prohibited.............................36
                    Jury duty, exempt from..........................215a
                    Kidnapping of....................................458
                    Legal Counsel, defense by, of.........396.8-1, 396.9
                    Legal investigations, contributions for costs 
                        of certain.................................79.25
                    Membership on Federal Reserve Board prohibited
                                                                     445
                    Memorial tributes to.................79.10, 633, 634
                    Oaths of......................................3, 210
                    Offensive reference by, to a State..............19.3
                    Official expenses, payment of....................246
                            Documentation required for 
                                reimbursement......................79.23
                            Restriction on certain.................79.27
                    Orientation seminars...........................274.5
                    Outside business or professional activity or 
                        employment of.....................36, 249.1, 440
                    Political activity. See Elections.
                    Post-employment lobbying........................37.8
                    Practice in Claims Court by......................453
                    Protection of, by Capitol Police...............546.2
                    Recording studios, restrictions on use of.......40.6
                    Reference to absence of........................79.28
                    Remarks of, printing in Congressional Record 
                                                                      61
                    Residence of, for income tax purposes............425
                    Resignation of, compensation of employees as 
                        affected by...................................72
                    Retirement benefits. See 5 U.S.C. 
                        Sec. Sec. 8331-8348 (not included in 
                        Senate Manual).
                    Service pins or emblems.........................79.2
                    Staffs:
                            Orientation seminars...................274.5
                            Transportation, expenses of....246.1, 246.3, 
                                                                   246.7
                    Standards of conduct, policy on....34-43, 79.6, 439, 
                                                                     440
                    Subcommitee assignment...................25.4, 79.18
                    Terms of.............................205.1, 225, 799
                    Trustee or director of corporation or 
                        institution appropriated for.................215
                    U.S. Code Annotated or U.S. Code Service, 
                        procurement of, for..........................245
                    Unofficial office accounts prohibited...38, 248.6(d)
            Senators-elect:
                    Clerical assistants for..........................269
                    Franking privilege...............................496
                    Organizational expenses..........................234
                    Presentation of credentials of...................2.1
            Senators since the First Congress (table)............800-899
                    Special index to above...........................900
            Senior citizen internship program......................79.21
            Sergeant at Arms. See also Officers of the Senate:
                    Arrest and detain, power to......................525
                    Capitol Guide Service............................558
                    Capitol Police, appointment of...................539
                    Capitol Police Board.........................546-547
                    Compensation of.............................257, 261
                    Computer programming service, advance payment 
                                                                305.20-1
                    Contingent fund, separate account..............270.3
                    Deputy Sergeant at Arms....................80, 257.5
                    Disposition of documents stored at Capitol.......650
                    Doorkeeper of the Senate: Assistant 
                        doorkeepers, messengers acting as.............84
                    Expense allowance..............................267.1
                    Extraordinary expenses, advancement of funds 
                        to meet....................................267.1
                    Franking privilege..........................491, 496
                    Heating and ventilating department of Senate 
                        wing, admission to............................88
                    Insurance of office funds........................266
                    Longevity compensation to certain employees of
                                                                   251.5
                    Office expenses, advanced funds................267.2
                    Office space for Senators in their home States
                                                                     247
                    Preserving peace and protecting property in 
                        Capitol Building.............................525
                    Quorum, function in obtaining....................6.4
                    Receipts of sales of certain items, credit to 
                        appropriations........................296.1, 300
                    Sale of waste paper and condemned furniture......300
                    Senate Office Buildings, enforcement of 
                        regulations...................................80
                    Senate pages. See Pages, Senate.
                    Senate Recording Studio, operation of............305
                    Senate wing of the Capitol, enforcement of 
                        regulations...................................80
                    Special deputies..................................62
                        Staff:
                            Consultants..............................259
                            Detailed from other government 
                                agencies.............................259
                            Statutory positions, abolish certain 
                                                                   258.5
                            Travel expenses..........................258
                            Vouchers, designated to approve........257.6
                    Tort claims, settlement of.....................79.33
            Service academies, boards of visitors to. See Board of 
                visitors.
            Service pins or emblems.................................79.2
            Sessions:
                    Committee: Scheduling of..................26.3, 26.6
                    Executive.........................................29
                            On nominations............................31
                            On treaties...............................30
                            President of United States furnished 
                                with records of.......................32
                    With closed doors.................................21
            Shuttle service. See Capitol Grounds.
            Signal lights, legislative................................96
            Simple resolutions. See Bills and resolutions.
            Small Business, Committee on. See Committees, 
                standing.
            Smithsonian Institution, Board of Regents of........470, 471
            Smoking restrictions............................33.1, 85, 89
            South Carolina:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since formation of the Union 
                        (table)......................................878
            South Dakota:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................880
            Space, assignment of, in:
                    Capitol Building.................................516
                    Senate Office Buildings..........................515
            Special committees. See Committees, special.
            Special delivery postage allowance, senatorial.........246.1
            Special Gallery.........................................85.8
            Special orders............................................10
            Special Services Office..................................313
            Staffs of: (See also Employees of the Senate.)
                    Committees................................27, 79.1-2
                    Senators:
                            Orientation seminars...................274.5
                            Transportation expenses of.............246.1
            Standards and conduct for Members, officers, and 
                employees of Senate................34-43, 79.6, 439, 440
            Standing Committee of Correspondents....................85.1
            Standing Committee of Press Photographers...............85.4
            Standing Committees of the Senate. See Committees, 
                standing.
            Standing orders not embraced in the rules.................60
            Standing Rules of the Senate:
                    Amendment or suspension of.......................5.1
                    Continuance in effect from Congress to 
                        Congress.....................................5.2
                    Motion to proceed to consideration of any 
                        change in....................................8.2
                    Special index to..................................50
                    Suspension of......................................5
            State, offensive reference by a Senator to a............19.3
            State, Secretaries of (table)............................951
            Statement of appropriations.........................290, 635
            Statements of witnesses before committees, staff to 
                prepare digests of.................................26.4b
            States:
                    Admitted to the Union since the adoption of 
                        the Constitution (table).....................971
                    Ratification of the Constitution by..............769
                            (table)..................................970
                    Thirteen Original (table)........................970
            Stationery:
                    Advertising and contracting for..............291-293
                    Allowance:
                            President of the Senate..................236
                            Senatorial.............................246.1
                    Classes of articles purchasable in stationery 
                        room.........................................302
                    Printing of......................................643
                    Revolving fund for...............................237
            Statuary Hall............................................521
            Statutes at Large:
                    Contents; admissibility in evidence..............201
                    Printing of......................................638
            Stennis, John C., Center for Public Service Training 
                and Development............................323.5, 399.50
            Stenographic assistance for reporting of committee 
                hearings.......................................26.1, 273
            Striking against Government.......................434, 464.1
            Subcommittees....................................25.4, 79.18
            Subpena power of committees (standing)..................26.1
                    Aging (Special)................................79.16
                    Ethics (Select)...................................79
                    Indian Affairs (Other).........................79.17
                    Intelligence (Select)..........................79.13
            Subsistence expenses, reimbursement for..................272
            Succession to the Presidency.............................418
            Suits, filing of, by committees.................77, 396.8-2, 
                                               396.10-1--396.10-3, 479.2
            Summary of testimony before committees, staff to 
                prepare............................................26.4c
            Superintendent of Documents. See Printing and binding.
            Superintendent of Senate document room...................648
            Superintendent of Senate Service Department..............649
            Supplemental expenditure authorizations for committees
                                                                    26.9
            Supplemental views in committee reports...............26.10c
            Supplies for the Senate.............................271, 296
            Supreme Court Justices (table)...........................950
                    Assassination, kidnapping, assault of............458
            Surcharge on orders in Senate Restaurant.................304
            Surveillance by committees of execution of laws by 
                agencies...........................................26.8a
            Suspension of the rules....................................5

                                          T

            Tape copies of floor broadcast, use of.................79.28
            Taxation, Joint Committee on. See Committees, joint.
            Technology assessment:
                    Congressional findings and declaration of 
                        purpose...................................399.24
                    Office of Technology Assessment:
                            Annual report of......................399.33
                            Appropriations for purpose............399.34
                            Authority of..........................399.28
                            Coordination with National Science 
                                Foundation........................399.32
                            Director and Deputy Director..........399.27
                            Establishment of......................399.25
                            Technology Assessment Advisory Council
                                                                  399.29
                            Utilization of--
                                            General Accounting 
                                                Office............399.31
                                            Library of Congress...399.30
                    Technology Assessment Board...................399.26
            Telecommunications Services............................246.8
                    Overall plan (note)..............................506
            Telegraph allowance:
                    Senators.......................................246.1
                    Senators-elect...................................234
            Telephone allowances:
                    Senators.......................................246.1
                    Senators-elect...................................234
                    Telephone operators, compensation of...........252.8
                            Longevity compensation.................251.3
            Television broadcasting:
                    Committee hearings and meetings................26.5c
                    Senate chamber proceedings.....................79.28
            Tennessee:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................882
            Terms of Senators............................205.1, 225, 799
            Texas:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................884
            Tort claims, settlement of.............................79.33
            Trade agreements, Congressional procedures with 
                respect to Presidential actions on..........465.4-465.14
            Training for professional staffs of committees.......79.1-2, 
                                                                  275.10
            Transportation, Secretaries of (table)...................965
            Travel expenses:
                    Allowable.............................220.1, 433.6-7
                    Certification of mileage accounts by President 
                        of the Senate................................244
                    Death occurring while away from duty station 
                                                                   433.8
                    Employees of Senate............................79.22
                    Fair employment hearings......................399.70
                    Foreign travel................35.3, 39, 79.22, 220.1
                    Frequent flyer miles, use of................399.79-6
                    Individuals appointed to recommend nominees 
                        for Federal judgeships and service 
                        academies..................................246.5
                    Legal Counsel..................................395.2
                    Legislative Counsel............................395.2
                    Mileage and related expenses...................433.5
                    Per diem..................................272, 433.4
                    Secretary of Senate.....................254.8, 254.9
                    Senators and staffs............35, 39, 79.22, 220.1, 
                                                        246.1,3,7, 433.8
                    Senators-elect and appointed employees...........234
                    Sergeant at Arms.................................258
                    Witnesses.........................................69
            Treasury, Secretaries of (table).........................952
            Treaties:
                    Injunction of secrecy on..................29.3, 30.1
                    Printing of.................................621, 622
                    Proceedings on....................................30
            Trials, impeachment......................................100
            Trust funds........................................34.4, 439
            Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands...................973
            Two-day rule............................................17.5

                                          U

            Unanimous consent:
                    To change or withdraw a Senator's vote..........12.1
                    To proceed to the consideration of a subject 
                                                                7.2, 8.2
                    To reconsider a question........................13.1
                    To suspend a rule..................................5
                    To suspend reading of Journal....................4.1
                    To take a final vote on a specific date.........12.4
            Unfinished business..............................10.1, 19.1b
            Unfunded mandates. See also Budget process, 
                Congressional..............................399.80-399.87
                    Definitions; purposes; exclusions.............399.80
                    Judicial review...............................399.87
                    Legislative accountability....................399.81
                    Regulatory accountability.....................399.83
                    Review of Federal mandates....................399.85
            United States Code:
                    Distribution to Members of the Senate............203
                    Provisions of, relating to the operation of 
                        the Senate...................................200
            United States Code Annotated, procurement of, for 
                Senators.............................................245
            United States Code Service, procurement of, for 
                Senators.............................................245
            United States District Court for the District of 
                Columbia: Senate civil actions, jurisdiction of....479.2
            Unofficial office accounts prohibited...........38, 248.6(d)
            Utah:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................886

                                          V

            Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice 
                President............................................418
            Vehicles, purchase and operation from contingent fund 
                                                                   270.4
            Ventilating Senate wing..............................88, 510
            Vermont:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................888
            Veterans' Affairs, Committee on. See Committees, 
                standing.
            Veterans' Affairs, Secretaries of (table)................968
            Vice President: (see also President of the Senate; 
                President(s) pro tempore; Presiding Officer):
                    Absence of..................................1.1, 1.2
                    Allowances:
                            Expenses.................................422
                            Stationery.................236, 237.1, 237.2
                            Telephone................................240
                    Busts of former...................................67
                    Commencement of term of office...................420
                    Compensation of..................................421
                    Election of..................................400-417
                    Electoral votes for (table)................901-949.1
                    Franking privilege........................491, 496.2
                    Official temporary residence of..................422
                    Resignation, or refusal of office................419
                    Vacancy in office of.............................418
                    Vice President's seal, use of.................462.17
            Virginia:
                    Historical data..................................970
                    Ratification of the Constitution............769, 970
                    Senators from, since formation of the Union 
                        (table)......................................890
            Virgin Islands (historical data).........................973
            Visitor Center:
                    National.........................................554
                    Senate...........................................556
            Visitors' Galleries.......................................85
            Votes, electoral, for President and Vice President 
                (table)........................................901-949.1
            Voting....................................................12
                    Changing or withdrawing a Senator's vote........12.1
                    Committee.......................................26.7
                            By proxy................................26.7
                    Reconsideration...................................13
                    Senator declining to vote.......................12.2
                    Unanimous consent to take a final vote on a 
                        specific date...............................12.4
                    Yeas and nays...................................12.1
                            From Senator's assigned desk...........79.30
            Vouchers, approval of...........................257.6, 270.1

                                          W

            Waiver of claims arising out of payments to Vice 
                President, Senator, or Senate employee...............312
            War, Secretaries of (table)..............................954
            Warning signal of enemy attack or other major disaster 
                conditions............................................96
            Washington, State of:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................892
            Washington's Farewell Address, reading of.................68
            Waste paper, sale of.....................................300
            Webster, Daniel, desk in Senate chamber.................79.3
            West Virginia:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................894
            Whips. See Majority Whip; Minority Whip.
            Wisconsin:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................896
            Withdrawal of papers....................................11.2
            Witnesses. See also Committee(s): Hearings.
            Witnesses: Majority and Minority Policy Committees: 
                fees...............................................352.5
            Work injuries, compensation............................434.6
            Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, 
                application to Congress...........................399.71
            Works of fine art in the Capitol....................522, 523
            Wyoming:
                    Historical data..................................971
                    Senators from, since admission to the Union 
                        (table)......................................897

                                          Y

            Year 2000 Technology Problem, Special Committee on 
                the. See Committees, special.
            Yeas and nays....................................12.1, 79.30
            Youth program, Senate...............................78, 78.1

                                        

                  
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