    Congressional Directory for the 117th Congress (2021-2022), October 2022.
    [Pages 859-862]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                 JUDICIAL BRANCH

                        SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

                    One First Street, NE., Washington, DC 20543

                               phone (202) 479-3000

          JOHN G. ROBERTS, Jr., Chief Justice of the United States, was born
    in Buffalo, NY, January 27, 1955. He married Jane Marie Sullivan in 1996
    and they have two children, Josephine and Jack. He received an A.B. from
    Harvard College in 1976 and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1979. He
    served as a law clerk for Judge Henry J. Friendly of the United States
    Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1979-80 and as a law clerk
    for then Associate Justice William H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of
    the United States during the 1980 term. He was Special Assistant to the
    Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice from 1981-82, Associate
    Counsel to President Ronald Reagan, White House Counsel's Office from
    1982-86, and Principal Deputy Solicitor General, U.S. Department of
    Justice from 1989-93. From 1986-89 and 1993-2003, he practiced law in
    Washington, DC. He was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals
    for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2003. President George W. Bush
    nominated him as Chief Justice of the United States, and he took his
    seat September 29, 2005.

         CLARENCE THOMAS, Associate Justice, was born in the Pinpoint
    community near Savannah, GA, June 23, 1948. He attended Conception
    Seminary from 1967-68 and received an A.B., cum laude, from College of
    the Holy Cross in 1971 and a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1974. He was
    admitted to law practice in Missouri in 1974, and served as an Assistant
    Attorney General of Missouri, 1974-77; an attorney with the Monsanto
    Company, 1977-79; and Legislative Assistant to Senator John Danforth,
    1979-81. From 1981-82, he served as Assistant Secretary for Civil
    Rights, U.S. Department of Education, and as Chairman of the U.S. Equal
    Employment Opportunity Commission, 1982-90. From 1990-91, he served as a
    Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
    Circuit. President Bush nominated him as an Associate Justice of the
    Supreme Court and he took his seat October 23, 1991. He married Virginia
    Lamp on May 30, 1987 and has one child, Jamal Adeen, by a previous
    marriage.

          SAMUEL A. ALITO, Jr., Associate Justice, was born in Trenton, NJ,
    April 1, 1950. He married Martha-Ann Bomgardner in 1985, and has two
    children, Philip and Laura. He served as a law clerk for Leonard I.
    Garth of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit from
    1976-77. He was Assistant U.S. Attorney, District of New Jersey, 1977-
    81, Assistant to the Solicitor General, U.S. Department of Justice,
    1981-85, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice,
    1985-87, and U.S. Attorney, District of New Jersey, 1987-90. He was
    appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in
    1990. President George W. Bush nominated him as an Associate Justice of
    the Supreme Court, and he took his seat January 31, 2006.

         SONIA SOTOMAYOR, Associate Justice, was born in Bronx, NY, June 25,
    1954. She earned a B.A. in 1976 from Princeton University, graduating
    summa cum laude and receiving the university's highest academic honor.
    In 1979, she earned a J.D. from Yale Law School where she served as an
    editor of the Yale Law Journal. She served as Assistant District
    Attorney in the New York County District Attorney's Office from 1979-84.
    She then litigated international commercial matters in New York City at
    Pavia & Harcourt, where she served as an associate and then partner from
    1984-92. In 1991, President George H.W. Bush nominated her to the U.S.
    District Court Southern District of New York, and she served in that
    role from 1992-98. She served as a judge on the United States Court of
    Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1998-2009. President Barack Obama
    nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on May 26,
    2009, and she assumed this role August 8, 2009.

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         ELENA KAGAN, Associate Justice, was born in New York, NY, April 28,
    1960. She received an A.B. from Princeton in 1981, an M.Phil. from
    Oxford in 1983, and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1986. She clerked
    for Judge Abner Mikva of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit
    from 1986-87 and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court
    during the 1987 Term. After briefly practicing law at a Washington, DC,
    law firm, she became a law professor, first at the University of Chicago
    Law School and later at Harvard Law School. She also served for four
    years in the Clinton Administration, as Associate Counsel to the
    President and then as Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic
    Policy. Between 2003 and 2009, she served as the Dean of Harvard Law
    School. In 2009, President Obama nominated her as the Solicitor General
    of the United States. A year later, the President nominated her as an
    Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on May 10, 2010. She took her
    seat on August 7, 2010.

         NEIL M. GORSUCH, Associate Justice, was born in Denver, CO, August
    29, 1967. He and his wife Louise have two daughters. He received a B.A.
    from Columbia University, a J.D. from Harvard Law School, and a D.Phil.
    from Oxford University. He served as a law clerk to Judge David B.
    Sentelle of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of
    Columbia Circuit, and as a law clerk to Justice Byron White and Justice
    Anthony M. Kennedy of the Supreme Court of the United States. From 1995-
    2005, he was in private practice, and from 2005-06 he was Principal
    Deputy Associate Attorney General at the U.S. Department of Justice. He
    was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth
    Circuit in 2006. He served on the Standing Committee on Rules for
    Practice and Procedure of the U.S. Judicial Conference, and as chairman
    of the Advisory Committee on Rules of Appellate Procedure. He taught at
    the University of Colorado Law School. President Donald J. Trump
    nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took
    his seat on April 10, 2017.

         BRETT M. KAVANAUGH, Associate Justice, was born in Washington, DC,
    February 12, 1965. He married Ashley Estes in 2004, and they have two
    daughters--Margaret and Liza. He received a B.A. from Yale College in
    1987 and a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1990. He served as a law clerk
    for Judge Walter Stapleton of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third
    Circuit from 1990-91, for Judge Alex Kozinski of the U.S. Court of
    Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from 1991-92, and for Justice Anthony M.
    Kennedy of the U.S. Supreme Court during the 1993 Term. In 1992-93, he
    was an attorney in the Office of the Solicitor General of the United
    States. From 1994-97 and for a period in 1998, he was Associate Counsel
    in the Office of Independent Counsel. He was a partner at a Washington,
    DC, law firm from 1997-98 and again from 1999-2001. From 2001-03, he was
    Associate Counsel and then Senior Associate Counsel to President George
    W. Bush. From 2003-06, he was Assistant to the President and Staff
    Secretary for President Bush. He was appointed a Judge of the United
    States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2006.
    President Donald J. Trump nominated him as an Associate Justice of the
    Supreme Court, and he took his seat on October 6, 2018.

         AMY CONEY BARRETT, Associate Justice, was born in New Orleans, LA,
    January 28, 1972. She married Jesse M. Barrett in 1999, and they have
    seven children: Emma, Vivian, Tess, John Peter, Liam, Juliet, and
    Benjamin. She received a B.A. from Rhodes College in 1994 and a J.D.
    from Notre Dame Law School in 1997. She served as a law clerk for Judge
    Laurence H. Silberman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit
    from 1997 to 1998, and for Justice Antonin Scalia of the Supreme Court
    of the United States during the 1998 Term. After two years in private
    law practice in Washington, D.C., she became a law professor, joining
    the faculty of Notre Dame Law School in 2002. She was appointed a Judge
    of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in 2017.
    President Donald J. Trump nominated her as an Associate Justice of the
    Supreme Court, and she took her seat on October 27, 2020.

         KETANJI BROWN JACKSON, Associate Justice, was born in Washington,
    D.C., on September 14, 1970. She married Patrick Jackson in 1996, and
    they have two daughters. She received an A.B., magna cum laude, from
    Harvard-Radcliffe College in 1992, and a J.D., cum laude, from Harvard
    Law School in 1996. She served as a law clerk for Judge Patti B. Saris
    of the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts from 1996
    to 1997, Judge Bruce M. Selya of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First
    Circuit from 1997 to 1998, and Justice Stephen G. Breyer of the Supreme
    Court of the United States during the 1999 Term. After three years in
    private practice, she worked as an attorney at the U.S. Sentencing
    Commission from 2003 to 2005. From 2005 to 2007, she served as an
    assistant federal public defender in Washington, D.C., and from 2007 to
    2010, she was in private practice. She served as a Vice Chair and
    Commissioner on the U.S. Sentencing Commission from 2010 to 2014. In
    2012, President Barack Obama nominated her to the

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    U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, where she served from
    2013 to 2021. She was appointed to the Defender Services Committee of
    the Judicial Conference of the United States in 2017, and the Supreme
    Court Fellows Commission in 2019. President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.,
    appointed her to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of
    Columbia Circuit in 2021 and then nominated her as an Associate Justice
    of the Supreme Court in 2022. She took her seat on June 30, 2022.

                            RETIRED ASSOCIATE JUSTICES

         SANDRA DAY O'CONNOR, (Retired), Associate Justice, was born in El
    Paso, TX, March 26, 1930. She married John Jay O'Connor III in 1952 and
    has three sons, Scott, Brian, and Jay. She received her B.A. and LL.B.
    from Stanford University. She served as Deputy County Attorney of San
    Mateo County, CA, from 1952-53 and as a civilian attorney for
    Quartermaster Market Center, Frankfurt, Germany, from 1954-57. From
    1958-60, she practiced law in Maryvale, AZ, and served as Assistant
    Attorney General of Arizona from 1965-69. She was appointed to the
    Arizona State Senate in 1969 and was subsequently reelected to two two-
    year terms. In 1975, she was elected Judge of the Maricopa County
    Superior Court and served until 1979, when she was appointed to the
    Arizona Court of Appeals. President Reagan nominated her as an Associate
    Justice of the Supreme Court, and she took her seat September 25, 1981.
    Justice O'Connor retired from the Supreme Court on January 31, 2006.

         ANTHONY M. KENNEDY, (Retired), Associate Justice, was born in
    Sacramento, CA, July 23, 1936. He married Mary Davis and has three
    children. He received his B.A. from Stanford University and the London
    School of Economics, and his LL.B. from Harvard Law School. He was in
    private practice in San Francisco, CA, from 1961-63, as well as in
    Sacramento, CA, from 1963-75. From 1965-88, he was a Professor of
    Constitutional Law at the McGeorge School of Law, University of the
    Pacific. He has served in numerous positions during his career,
    including a member of the California Army National Guard in 1961, the
    board of the Federal Judicial Center from 1987-88, and two committees of
    the Judicial Conference of the United States: the Advisory Panel on
    Financial Disclosure Reports and Judicial Activities, subsequently
    renamed the Advisory Committee on Codes of Conduct, from 1979-87, the
    Committee on Pacific Territories from 1979-90, which he chaired from
    1982-90. He was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the
    Ninth Circuit in 1975. President Reagan nominated him as an Associate
    Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat February 18, 1988.
    Justice Kennedy retired from the Supreme Court on July 31, 2018.

         DAVID H. SOUTER, (Retired), Associate Justice, was born in Melrose,
    MA, September 17, 1939. He graduated from Harvard College, from which he
    received his A.B. After two years as a Rhodes Scholar at Magdalen
    College, Oxford, he received an A.B. in Jurisprudence from Oxford
    University and an M.A. in 1989. After receiving an LL.B. from Harvard
    Law School, he was an associate at Orr and Reno in Concord, NH, from
    1966 to 1968, when he became an Assistant Attorney General of New
    Hampshire. In 1971, he became Deputy Attorney General and in 1976,
    Attorney General of New Hampshire. In 1978, he was named an Associate
    Justice of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and was appointed to the
    Supreme Court of New Hampshire as an Associate Justice in 1983. He
    became a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First
    Circuit on May 25, 1990. President Bush nominated him as an Associate
    Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took his seat October 9, 1990.
    Justice Souter retired from the Supreme Court on June 29, 2009.

         STEPHEN G. BREYER, (Retired), Associate Justice, was born in San
    Francisco, CA, August 15, 1938. He married Joanna Hare in 1967, and has
    three children, Chloe, Nell, and Michael. He received an A.B. from
    Stanford University, a B.A. from Magdalen College, Oxford, and an LL.B.
    from Harvard Law School. He served as a law clerk to Justice Arthur
    Goldberg of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1964 term,
    as a Special Assistant to the Assistant U.S. Attorney General for
    Antitrust, 1965-67, as an Assistant Special Prosecutor of the Watergate
    Special Prosecution Force, 1973, as Special Counsel of the U.S. Senate
    Judiciary Committee, 1974-75, and as Chief Counsel of the committee,
    1979-80. He was an Assistant Professor, Professor of Law, and Lecturer
    at Harvard Law School, 1967-94, a Professor at the Harvard University
    Kennedy School of Government, 1977-80, and a Visiting Professor at the
    College of Law, Sydney, Australia, and at the University of Rome. From
    1980-90, he served as a Judge of the United States Court of

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    Appeals for the First Circuit, and as its Chief Judge, 1990-94. He also
    served as a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States,
    1990-94, and of the United States Sentencing Commission, 1985-89.
    President Clinton nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme
    Court, and he took his seat August 3, 1994. Justice Breyer retired from
    the Supreme Court on June 30, 2022.

                           Officers of the Supreme Court

         Counselor to the Chief Justice.--Jeffrey P. Minear.
         Clerk.--Scott S. Harris.
         Librarian.--Linda Maslow.
         Marshal.--Gail A. Curley.
         Reporter of Decisions.--Rebecca A. Womeldorf.
         Court Counsel.--Ethan V. Torrey.
         Curator.--Catherine E. Fitts.
         Director of Information Technology.--Robert J. Hawkins.
         Public Information Officer.--Kathleen L. Arberg.