[House Calendars for May 23, 2017 - 115th Congress, 1st Session]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


                    HISTORY OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS

========================================================================
                                                                        
    No.                                Index Key and History of Bill    
________________________________________________________________________


 
                              SENATE BILLS

S. 19.-- To provide opportunities for broadband investment, and 
    for other purposes. Referred to Commerce, Science and 
    Transportation Jan. 3, 2017. Reported amended Mar. 21, 2017; 
    Rept. 115-4.
  
S. 35.-- To transfer administrative jurisdiction over certain 
    Bureau of Land Management land from the Secretary of the 
    Interior to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs for inclusion in 
    the Black Hills National Cemetery, and for other purposes. 
    Referred to Energy and Natural Resources Jan. 5, 2017. 
    Reported amended May 3, 2017; Rept. 115-35.
  
S. 63.-- To clarify the rights of Indians and Indian tribes on 
    Indian lands under the National Labor Relations Act. Referred 
    to Indian Affairs Jan. 9, 2017. Reported Feb. 17 (Legislative 
    day of Feb. 16), 2017; Rept. 115-3.
  
S. 84 (H. Res. 48) (H.R. 393).-- To provide for an exception to a 
    limitation against appointment of persons as Secretary of 
    Defense within seven years of relief from active duty as a 
    regular commissioned officer of the Armed Forces. Referred to 
    Armed Services Jan. 10, 2017. Reported Jan. 12, 2017; no 
    written report. Received in House and held at desk Jan. 12, 
    2017. Passed House Jan. 13, 2017; Roll No. 59: 268-151. 
    Presented to the President Jan. 20, 2017. Approved Jan. 20, 
    2017. Public Law 115-2.
  
S. 89.-- To amend title 46, United States Code, to exempt old 
    vessels that only operate within inland waterways from the 
    fire-retardant materials requirement if the owners of such 
    vessels make annual structural alterations to at least 10 
    percent of the areas of the vessels that are not constructed 
    of fire-retardant materials and for other purposes. Referred 
    to Commerce, Science and Transportation Jan. 10, 2017. 
    Reported Mar. 21, 2017; Rept. 115-5. Passed Senate Apr. 3, 
    2017; Roll No. 102: 85-12. Received in House and held at desk 
    Apr. 4, 2017.
  
S. 90 (H.R. 428).-- To survey the gradient boundary along the Red 
    River in the States of Oklahoma and Texas, and for other 
    purposes. Referred to the Judiciary Jan. 10, 2017. Committee 
    discharged Feb. 28, 2017. Referred to Energy and Natural 
    Resources Feb. 28, 2017.
  
S. 91 (H.R. 228).-- To amend the Indian Employment, Training and 
    Related Services Demonstration Act of 1992 to facilitate the 
    ability of Indian tribes to integrate the employment, 
    training, and related services from diverse Federal sources, 
    and for other purposes. Referred to Indian Affairs Jan. 10, 
    2017. Reported Apr. 6 (Legislative day of Apr. 4), 2017; Rept. 
    115-26.
  
S. 96 (H.R. 460).-- To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to 
    ensure the integrity of voice communications and to prevent 
    unjust or unreasonable discrimination among areas of the 
    United States in the delivery of such communications. Referred 
    to Commerce, Science and Transportation Jan. 11, 2017. 
    Reported Mar. 21, 2017; Rept. 115-6.
  
S. 99.-- To require the Secretary of the Interior to study the 
    suitability and feasibility of designating the President James 
    K. Polk Home in Columbia, Tennessee, as a unit of the National 
    Park System, and for other purposes. Referred to Energy and 
    Natural Resources Jan. 11, 2017. Reported May 3, 2017; Rept. 
    115-36.
  
S. 102 (H.R. 588).-- To direct the Federal Communications 
    Commission to commence proceedings related to the resiliency 
    of critical communications networks during times of emergency, 
    and for other purposes. Referred to Commerce, Science and 
    Transportation Jan. 11, 2017. Reported amended Apr. 5 
    (Legislative day of Apr. 4), 2017; Rept. 115-24.
  
S. 110.-- To require the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the 
    Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
    Administration, to establish a constituent-driven program to 
    provide a digital information platform capable of efficiently 
    integrating coastal data with decision-support tools, 
    training, and best practices and to support collection of 
    priority coastal geospatial data to inform and improve local, 
    State, regional, and Federal capacities to manage the coastal 
    region, and for other purposes. Referred to Commerce, Science 
    and Transportation Jan. 12, 2017. Reported Mar. 30, 2017; 
    Rept. 115-14.
  
S. 129.-- To reauthorize and amend the National Sea Grant College 
    Program Act, and for other purposes. Referred to Commerce, 
    Science and Transportation Jan. 12, 2017. Reported Mar. 30, 
    2017; Rept. 115-15.
  
S. 131.-- To provide for the exchange of certain National Forest 
    System land and non-Federal land in the State of Alaska, and 
    for other purposes. Referred to Energy and Natural Resources 
    Jan. 12, 2017. Reported amended May 16, 2017; no written 
    report.
  
S. 133.-- To authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2017 for 
    intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United 
    States Government, the Community Management Account, and the 
    Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, 
    and for other purposes. Referred to Intelligence Jan. 12, 
    2017. Reported Jan. 20, 2017; Rept. 115-2.
  
S. 139 (H.R. 510).-- To implement the use of Rapid DNA instruments 
    to inform decisions about pretrial release or detention and 
    their conditions, to solve and prevent violent crimes and 
    other crimes, to exonerate the innocent, to prevent DNA 
    analysis backlogs, and for other purposes. Referred to the 
    Judiciary Jan. 12, 2017. Reported May 11, 2017; no written 
    report. Passed Senate May 16, 2017. Received in House and held 
    at desk May 16, 2017.
  
S. 140.-- To amend the White Mountain Apache Tribe Water Rights 
    Quantification Act of 2010 to clarify the use of amounts in 
    the WMAT Settlement Fund. Referred to Indian Affairs Jan. 12, 
    2017. Reported Mar. 21, 2017; Rept. 115-7. Passed Senate May 
    8, 2017. Received in House and referred to Natural Resources 
    May 11, 2017.
  
S. 141.-- To improve understanding and forecasting of space 
    weather events, and for other purposes. Referred to Commerce, 
    Science and Transportation Jan. 12, 2017. Reported amended 
    Mar. 30, 2017; Rept. 115-21. Passed Senate amended May 2, 
    2017. Received in House and referred to Science, Space, and 
    Technology and in addition to Armed Services, Transportation 
    and Infrastructure, Foreign Affairs, and Intelligence May 3, 
    2017.
  
S. 168.-- To amend and enhance certain maritime programs of the 
    Department of Transportation. Referred to Commerce, Science 
    and Transportation Jan. 17, 2017. Reported Mar. 30, 2017; 
    Rept. 115-16.
  
S. 174.-- To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to consolidate 
    the reporting obligations of the Federal Communications 
    Commission in order to improve congressional oversight and 
    reduce reporting burdens. Referred to Commerce, Science and 
    Transportation Jan. 17, 2017. Reported May 11, 2017; Rept. 
    115-61.
  
S. 178.-- To prevent elder abuse and exploitation and improve the 
    justice system's response to victims in elder abuse and 
    exploitation cases. Referred to the Judiciary Jan. 20, 2017. 
    Reported Mar. 23, 2017; Rept. 115-9.
  
S. 188.-- To prohibit the use of Federal funds for the costs of 
    painting portraits of officers and employees of the Federal 
    Government. Referred to Homeland Security and Governmental 
    Affairs Jan. 23, 2017. Reported Apr. 24, 2017; Rept. 115-28.
  
S. 189.-- To modify the boundary of the Fort Scott National 
    Historic Site in the State of Kansas, and for other purposes. 
    Referred to Energy and Natural Resources Jan. 23, 2017. 
    Reported amended May 3, 2017; Rept. 115-37.
  
S. 218.-- To restrict the inclusion of social security account 
    numbers on documents sent by mail by the Federal Government, 
    and for other purposes. Referred to Homeland Security and 
    Governmental Affairs Jan. 24, 2017. Reported amended May 15, 
    2017; Rept. 115-62.
  
S. 225 (H.R. 699).-- To amend the Omnibus Public Land Management 
    Act of 2009 to modify provisions relating to certain land 
    exchanges in the Mt. Hood Wilderness in the State of Oregon. 
    Referred to Energy and Natural Resources Jan. 24, 2017. 
    Reported May 9, 2017; Rept. 115-52.
  
S. 249.-- To provide that the pueblo of Santa Clara may lease for 
    99 years certain restricted land, and for other purposes. 
    Referred to Indian Affairs Feb. 1, 2017. Reported Mar. 22, 
    2017; Rept. 115-8. Passed Senate May 8, 2017. Received in 
    House and referred to Natural Resources May 11, 2017.
  
S. 254.-- To amend the Native American Programs Act of 1974 to 
    provide flexibility and reauthorization to ensure the survival 
    and continuing vitality of Native American languages. Referred 
    to Indian Affairs Feb. 1, 2017. Reported Apr. 4, 2017; Rept. 
    115-23.
  
S. 269.-- To provide for the conveyance of certain property to the 
    Tanana Tribal Council located in Tanana, Alaska, and to the 
    Bristol Bay Area Health Corporation located in Dillingham, 
    Alaska, and for other purposes. Referred to Indian Affairs 
    Feb. 1, 2017. Reported Mar. 27, 2017; Rept. 115-11.
  
S. 274.-- To nullify the effect of the recent executive order that 
    temporarily restricted individuals from certain countries from 
    entering the United States. Ordered placed on the calendar 
    Feb. 2, 2017.
  
S. 280 (H.R. 618).-- To authorize, direct, expedite, and 
    facilitate a land exchange in El Paso and Teller Counties, 
    Colorado, and for other purposes. Referred to Energy and 
    Natural Resources Feb. 2, 2017. Reported May 9, 2017; Rept. 
    115-45.
  
S. 285 (H.R. 689).-- To ensure adequate use and access to the 
    existing Bolts Ditch headgate and ditch segment within the 
    Holy Cross Wilderness in Eagle County, Colorado, and for other 
    purposes. Referred to Energy and Natural Resources Feb. 2, 
    2017. Reported May 9, 2017; Rept. 115-53.
  
S. 287.-- To update the map of, and modify the maximum acreage 
    available for inclusion in, the Florissant Fossil Beds 
    National Monument. Referred to Energy and Natural Resources 
    Feb. 2, 2017. Reported May 3, 2017; Rept. 115-38.
  
S. 289 (H.R. 688).-- To adjust the boundary of the Arapaho 
    National Forest, Colorado, and for other purposes. Referred to 
    Energy and Natural Resources Feb. 2, 2017. Reported May 9, 
    2017; Rept. 115-54.
  
S. 302.-- To enhance tribal road safety, and for other purposes. 
    Referred to Indian Affairs Feb. 3, 2017. Reported Apr. 6 
    (Legislative day of Apr. 4), 2017; Rept. 115-27.
  
S. 305.-- To amend title 4, United States Code, to encourage the 
    display of the flag of the United States on National Vietnam 
    War Veterans Day. Passed Senate Feb. 3, 2017. Received in 
    House and referred to the Judiciary Feb. 6, 2017. Committee 
    discharged. Passed House Mar. 21, 2017. Presented to the 
    President Mar. 23, 2017. Approved Mar. 28, 2017. Public Law 
    115-15.
  
S. 317.-- To provide taxpayers with an annual report disclosing 
    the cost and performance of Government programs and areas of 
    duplication among them, and for other purposes. Referred to 
    Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Feb. 6, 2017. 
    Reported amended May 1, 2017; Rept. 115-34.
  
S. 327.-- To direct the Securities and Exchange Commission to 
    provide a safe harbor related to certain investment fund 
    research reports, and for other purposes. Referred to Banking, 
    Housing, and Urban Affairs Feb. 7 (Legislative day of Feb. 6), 
    2017. Reported amended Mar. 13, 2017; no written report.
  
S. 331.-- To remove the use restrictions on certain land 
    transferred to Rockingham County, Virginia, and for other 
    purposes. Referred to Energy and Natural Resources Feb. 7 
    (Legislative day of Feb. 6), 2017. Reported May 3, 2017; Rept. 
    115-39.
  
S. 371.-- To make technical changes and other improvements to the 
    Department of State Authorities Act, Fiscal Year 2017. 
    Referred to Foreign Relations Feb. 14, 2017. Committee 
    discharged. Passed Senate amended May 1, 2017. Received in 
    House and referred to Foreign Affairs May 2, 2017.
  
S. 385.-- To promote energy savings in residential buildings and 
    industry, and for other purposes. Referred to Energy and 
    Natural Resources Feb. 15, 2017. Reported May 10, 2017; Rept. 
    115-60.
  
S. 392 (H.R. 1242).-- To establish the 400 Years of African-
    American History Commission, and for other purposes. Referred 
    to Energy and Natural Resources Feb. 15, 2017. Reported May 
    16, 2017; Rept. 115-63.
  
S. 416.-- Referred to Small Business and Entrepreneurship Feb. 16, 
    2017. Committee discharged Mar. 7, 2017. Referred to Banking, 
    Housing, and Urban Affairs Mar. 7, 2017.
  
S. 419.-- To require adequate reporting on the Public Safety 
    Officers' Benefits program, and for other purposes. Referred 
    to the Judiciary Feb. 16, 2017. Reported Mar. 9, 2017; no 
    written report. Passed Senate amended May 16, 2017. Rules 
    suspended. Passed House May 17, 2017.
  
S. 432.-- To designate the Cerro del Yuta and Rio San Antonio 
    Wilderness Areas in the State of New Mexico, and for other 
    purposes. Referred to Energy and Natural Resources Feb. 16, 
    2017. Reported May 3, 2017; Rept. 115-40.
  
S. 442.-- To authorize the programs of the National Aeronautics 
    and Space Administration, and for other purposes. Passed 
    Senate Feb. 17, 2017. Received in House and referred to 
    Science, Space, and Technology Feb. 27, 2017. Rules suspended. 
    Passed House Mar. 7, 2017. Presented to the President Mar. 9, 
    2017. Approved Mar. 21, 2017. Public Law 115-10.
  
S. 444.-- To amend the Investment Company Act of 1940 to expand 
    the investor limitation for qualifying venture capital funds 
    under an exemption from the definition of an investment 
    company. Referred to Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Feb. 
    27, 2017. Reported Mar. 13, 2017; no written report.
  
S. 462.-- To require the Securities and Exchange Commission to 
    refund or credit certain excess payments made to the 
    Commission. Referred to Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 
    Feb. 28, 2017. Reported Mar. 13, 2017; no written report.
  
S. 466.-- A bill to clarify the description of certain Federal 
    land under the Northern Arizona Land Exchange and Verde River 
    Basin Partnership Act of 2005 to include additional land in 
    the Kaibab National Forest. Referred to Energy and Natural 
    Resources Feb. 28, 2017. Reported May 3, 2017; Rept. 115-41.
  
S. 484 (H.R. 1366).-- To amend the Investment Company Act of 1940 
    to terminate an exemption for companies located in Puerto 
    Rico, the Virgin Islands, and any other possession of the 
    United States. Referred to Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 
    Mar. 1, 2017. Reported amended Mar. 13, 2017; no written 
    report.
  
S. 488.-- To increase the threshold for disclosures required by 
    the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to 
    compensatory benefit plans, and for other purposes. Referred 
    to Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Mar. 1, 2017. Reported 
    Mar. 13, 2017; no written report.
  
S. 496.-- To repeal the rule issued by the Federal Highway 
    Administration and the Federal Transit Administration entitled 
    ``Metropolitan Planning Organization Coordination and Planning 
    Area Reform''. Referred to Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 
    Mar. 2, 2017. Committee discharged. Passed Senate Mar. 8, 
    2017. Received in House and referred to Transportation and 
    Infrastructure Mar. 9, 2017. Considered under suspension of 
    rules Apr. 25, 2017. Rules suspended. Passed House Apr. 27, 
    2017; Roll No. 231: 417-3. Presented to the President May 2, 
    2017. Approved May 12, 2017. Public Law 115-33.
  
S. 500 (H.R. 1238).-- To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 
    to make the Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for 
    Health Affairs responsible for coordinating the efforts of the 
    Department of Homeland Security related to food, agriculture, 
    and veterinary defense against terrorism, and for other 
    purposes. Referred to Homeland Security and Governmental 
    Affairs Mar. 2, 2017. Reported Apr. 24, 2017; Rept. 115-29.
  
S. 501.-- To amend the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act to designate 
    certain segments of East Rosebud Creek in Carbon County, 
    Montana, as components of the Wild and Scenic Rivers System. 
    Referred to Energy and Natural Resources Mar. 2, 2017. 
    Reported May 3, 2017; Rept. 115-42.
  
S. 502.-- To modify the boundary of Voyageurs National Park in the 
    State of Minnesota, and for other purposes. Referred to Energy 
    and Natural Resources Mar. 2, 2017. Reported May 16, 2017; 
    Rept. 115-64.
  
S. 508.-- To provide for the conveyance of certain Federal land in 
    the State of Oregon, and for other purposes. Referred to 
    Energy and Natural Resources Mar. 2, 2017. Reported May 16, 
    2017; Rept. 115-65.
  
S. 513.-- To designate the Frank and Jeanne Moore Wild Steelhead 
    Special Management Area in the State of Oregon. Referred to 
    Energy and Natural Resources Mar. 2, 2017. Reported May 16, 
    2017; Rept. 115-66.
  
S. 518.-- To amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to 
    provide for technical assistance for small treatment works. 
    Referred to Environment and Public Works Mar. 2, 2017. 
    Reported amended May 17, 2017; Rept. 115-71.
  
S. 544 (H.R. 369).-- To amend the Veterans Access, Choice, and 
    Accountability Act of 2014 to modify the termination date for 
    the Veterans Choice Program, and for other purposes. Referred 
    to Veterans' Affairs Mar. 7, 2017. Committee discharged. 
    Passed Senate Apr. 3, 2017. Received in House and held at desk 
    Apr. 3, 2017. Rules suspended. Passed House Apr. 5, 2017. 
    Presented to the President Apr. 7, 2017. Approved Apr. 19, 
    2017. Public Law 115-26.
  
S. 576.-- To amend title 5, United States Code, to extend certain 
    protections against prohibited personnel practices, and for 
    other purposes. Referred to Homeland Security and Governmental 
    Affairs Mar. 8, 2017. Reported Apr. 24, 2017; Rept. 115-30.
  
S. 582.-- To reauthorize the Office of Special Counsel, and for 
    other purposes. Referred to Homeland Security and Governmental 
    Affairs Mar. 8, 2017. Reported amended May 18, 2017; Rept. 
    115-74.
  
S. 583 (H.R. 1428).-- To amend the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe 
    Streets Act of 1968 to authorize COPS grantees to use grant 
    funds to hire veterans as career law enforcement officers, and 
    for other purposes. Referred to the Judiciary Mar. 8, 2017. 
    Reported May 11, 2017; no written report. Passed Senate May 
    16, 2017. Received in House and passed May 17, 2017.
  
S. 585.-- To provide greater whistleblower protections for Federal 
    employees, increased awareness of Federal whistleblower 
    protections, and increased accountability and required 
    discipline for Federal supervisors who retaliate against 
    whistleblowers, and for other purposes. Referred to Homeland 
    Security and Governmental Affairs Mar. 8, 2017. Reported 
    amended May 4, 2017; Rept. 115-44.
  
S. 590.-- To authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to maintain or 
    replace certain facilities and structures for commercial 
    recreation services at Smith Gulch in Idaho, and for other 
    purposes. Referred to Energy and Natural Resources Mar. 9, 
    2017. Reported May 16, 2017; Rept. 115-67.
  
S. 617.-- To amend the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act to designate 
    certain segments of the Farmington River and Salmon Brook in 
    the State of Connecticut as components of the National Wild 
    and Scenic Rivers System, and for other purposes. Referred to 
    Energy and Natural Resources Mar. 14, 2017. Reported May 9, 
    2017; Rept. 115-55.
  
S. 644 (H.R. 1715).-- To authorize the Secretary of the Interior 
    to conduct a special resource study of the Medgar Evers House, 
    located in Jackson, Mississippi, and for other purposes. 
    Referred to Energy and Natural Resources Mar. 15, 2017. 
    Reported amended May 9, 2017; Rept. 115-46.
  
S. 652.-- To amend the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize a 
    program for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment 
    regarding deaf and hard-of-hearing newborns, infants, and 
    young children. Referred to Health, Education, Labor, and 
    Pensions Mar. 15, 2017. Reported amended May 1, 2017; no 
    written report.
  
S. 675.-- To amend and reauthorize certain provisions relating to 
    Long Island Sound restoration and stewardship. Referred to 
    Environment and Public Works Mar. 21, 2017. Reported May 17, 
    2017; Rept. 115-72.
  
S. 729.-- To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to acquire 
    approximately 44 acres of land in Martinez, California, for 
    inclusion in the John Muir National Historic Site, and for 
    other purposes. Referred to Energy and Natural Resources Mar. 
    27, 2017. Reported May 9, 2017; Rept. 115-47.
  
S. 826.-- To reauthorize the Partners for Fish and Wildlife 
    Program and certain wildlife conservation funds, to establish 
    prize competitions relating to the prevention of wildlife 
    poaching and trafficking, wildlife conservation, the 
    management of invasive species, and the protection of 
    endangered species, and for other purposes. Referred to 
    Environment and Public Works Apr. 4, 2017. Reported amended 
    May 17, 2017; Rept. 115-73.
  
S. 831.-- To designate the facility of the United States Postal 
    Service located at 120 West Pike Street in Canonsburg, 
    Pennsylvania, as the ``Police Officer Scott Bashioum Post 
    Office Building''. Referred to Homeland Security and 
    Governmental Affairs Apr. 5 (Legislative day of Apr. 4), 2017. 
    Reported May 17, 2017; no written report.
  
S. 849.-- To support programs for mosquito-borne and other vector-
    borne disease surveillance and control. Referred to Health, 
    Education, Labor, and Pensions Apr. 5 (Legislative day of Apr. 
    4), 2017. Reported amended May 1, 2017; no written report.
  
S. 861.-- To provide for the compensation of Federal employees 
    affected by lapses in appropriations. Ordered placed on the 
    calendar Apr. 7, 2017.
  
S. 867.-- To provide support for law enforcement agency efforts to 
    protect the mental health and well-being of law enforcement 
    officers, and for other purposes. Referred to the Judiciary 
    Apr. 6 (Legislative day of Apr. 4), 2017. Committee 
    discharged. Passed Senate May 16, 2017. Received in House and 
    referred to the Judiciary May 17, 2017.
  
S. 916.-- To amend the Controlled Substances Act with regard to 
    the provision of emergency medical services. Referred to 
    Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Apr. 24, 2017. Reported 
    amended May 1, 2017; no written report.
  
S. 920.-- To establish a National Clinical Care Commission. 
    Referred to Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Apr. 24, 
    2017. Reported May 1, 2017; no written report.
  
S. 934.-- To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to 
    revise and extend the user-fee programs for prescription 
    drugs, medical devices, generic drugs, and biosimilar 
    biological products, and for other purposes. Referred to 
    Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Apr. 25, 2017. Reported 
    amended May 11, 2017; no written report.
  
S. 1028.-- To provide for the establishment and maintenance of a 
    National Family Caregiving Strategy, and for other purposes. 
    Referred to Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions May 3, 
    2017. Reported May 11, 2017; no written report.
  
S. 1083.-- To amend section 1214 of title 5, United States Code, 
    to provide for stays during a period that the Merit Systems 
    Protection Board lacks a quorum. Referred to Homeland Security 
    and Governmental Affairs May 10, 2017. Committee discharged. 
    Passed Senate May 11, 2017. Received in House and referred to 
    Oversight and Government Reform May 16, 2017.
  
  
  
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________