Appendix - Department of Education


Identification code 091–0251–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Education Stabilization Fund	229,886	17,805

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	229,886	17,805

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	508	18,158
1011	Unobligated balance transfer from other acct [091–0203]	100
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	26

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	634	18,158
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	81,880
1120	Appropriations transferred to other acct [014–2106]	–409
1131	Unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced		–353

1160	Appropriation, discretionary (total)	81,471	–353
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	165,959
1900	Budget authority (total)	247,430	–353
1930	Total budgetary resources available	248,064	17,805
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940	Unobligated balance expiring	–20
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	18,158

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	18,928	200,174	119,909
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	229,886	17,805
3020	Outlays (gross)	–48,614	–98,070	–86,754
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–26

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	200,174	119,909	33,155
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	18,928	200,174	119,909
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	200,174	119,909	33,155

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	81,471	–353
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	24,951
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	14,318	34,229	10,875

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	39,269	34,229	10,875
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	165,959
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	9,345
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances		63,841	75,879

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	9,345	63,841	75,879
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	247,430	–353
4190	Outlays, net (total)	48,614	98,070	86,754

Funds support the following programs authorized and funded in response to the novel coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the CARES Act); the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021; and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021: the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund, Governors Emergency Education Relief Fund, Discretionary Grants, Emergency Assistance to Nonpublic Schools, Assistance for Homeless Children and Youth; Assistance for the Outlying Areas; and the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund. Amounts in this schedule reflect balances that are spending out from prior year appropriations.

For carrying out title I and subpart 2 of part B of title II of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (referred to in this Act as "ESEA") and section 418A of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (referred to in this Act as "HEA"), $21,280,551,000, of which $10,340,251,000 shall become available on July 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, and of which $10,841,177,000 shall become available on October 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, for academic year 2023–2024: Provided, That $6,459,401,000 shall be for basic grants under section 1124 of the ESEA: Provided further, That up to $5,000,000 of these funds shall be available to the Secretary of Education (referred to in this title as "Secretary") on October 1, 2022, to obtain annually updated local educational agency-level census poverty data from the Bureau of the Census: Provided further, That $1,362,301,000 shall be for concentration grants under section 1124A of the ESEA: Provided further, That $6,357,550,000 shall be for targeted grants under section 1125 of the ESEA: Provided further, That $6,357,550,000 shall be for education finance incentive grants under section 1125A of the ESEA: Provided further, That of the amounts available under the preceding two provisos the Secretary may reserve up to $100,000,000 to pay the costs of voluntary State school funding equity commissions and the costs of voluntary local education agency equity reviews: Provided further, That $30,000,000 shall be for competitive grants to support strong partnerships, which may include those among State educational agencies, local educational agencies and child welfare agencies, to create and implement innovative strategies for improving the education of foster children and youth under part D of title I of the ESEA: Provided further, That the Secretary may reserve up to 10 percent of the amount referred to in the previous proviso to provide technical assistance in the implementation of these grants: Provided further, That $220,000,000 shall be for carrying out subpart 2 of part B of title II: Provided further, That $66,123,000 shall be for carrying out section 418A of the HEA: Provided further, That notwithstanding section 418A(g)(2)(A) of the HEA, the Secretary may reduce the percentage of funds available for a program if the Secretary determines that there are not a sufficient number of high-quality applications for that program.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.


Identification code 091–0900–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Grants to local educational agencies	16,536	16,536	20,537
0002	State agency programs: Migrants	376	376	376
0003	State agency programs: Neglected, delinquent, and at risk children and youth	48	48	82
0004	Special programs for migrant students	46	46	66
0006	Comprehensive literacy development grants	193	193	192
0007	Innovative approaches to literacy	28	28	28

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	17,227	17,227	21,281

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	200	202	202
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	2

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	202	202	202
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	6,386	6,386	10,439
	Advance appropriations, discretionary:
1170	Advance appropriation	10,841	10,841	10,841
1900	Budget authority (total)	17,227	17,227	21,280
1930	Total budgetary resources available	17,429	17,429	21,482
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	202	202	201

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	12,531	13,584	11,128
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	17,227	17,227	21,281
3020	Outlays (gross)	–16,137	–19,683	–17,299
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–2
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–35

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	13,584	11,128	15,110
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	12,531	13,584	11,128
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	13,584	11,128	15,110

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	17,227	17,227	21,280
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	5,408	7,843	8,005
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	10,729	11,840	9,294

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	16,137	19,683	17,299
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	17,227	17,227	21,280
4190	Outlays, net (total)	16,137	19,683	17,299


		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

Enacted/requested:
	Budget Authority	17,227	17,227	21,280
	Outlays	16,137	19,683	17,299
Legislative proposal, subject to PAYGO:
	Budget Authority			16,000
	Outlays			640
Total:
	Budget Authority	17,227	17,227	37,280
	Outlays	16,137	19,683	17,939


	2021–2022 Academic Year	2022–2023 Academic Year	2023–2024 Academic Year

New Budget Authority	$6,385	$6,385	$26,440
Advance appropriation	10,841	10,841	10,841
Total program level	17,226	17,226	37,281
Change in advance appropriation from the previous year	0	0	0

Grants to local educational agencies.—Funds are allocated via formula for programs that provide academic support to help students in high-poverty schools meet challenging State standards. States assess annually all students in certain grades in at least English language arts, mathematics, and science; develop systems to differentiate among schools on the basis of performance on those assessments and other indicators; provide parents with information on the performance of their child's school; and ensure the development and implementation of support and improvement plans for the lowest-performing schools. The 2023 request would support activities to help school systems address inequities in school funding, including voluntary State school funding equity commissions and voluntary local educational agency equity reviews.

State agency migrant program.—Funds support formula grants to States for educational services to children of migratory farmworkers and fishers, with resources and services for children who have moved within the past 36 months.

State agency neglected, delinquent and at-risk children and youth education program.—Funds support formula grants to States for educational services to neglected or delinquent children and youth in State-run institutions, attending community day programs, and in correctional facilities. The 2023 request would support competitive grants to create and implement innovative strategies for improving the education of foster children and youth.

Special programs for migrant students.—Funds support grants to institutions of higher education and nonprofit organizations that assist migrant students in earning a high school equivalency certificate or in completing their first year of college.

Comprehensive literacy development grants.—Funds support continuation grants to States to provide targeted, evidence-based literacy interventions in high-need schools. States must award subgrants to local educational agencies (LEAs) to support literacy interventions for children from birth through kindergarten entry and for students from kindergarten through grade 12.

Innovative approaches to literacy.—Funds support competitive grants to LEAs, consortia of LEAs, the Bureau of Indian Education, or national nonprofit organizations, to promote literacy programs that support the development of literacy skills in low-income communities. Grantees would develop and implement school library programs and provide high-quality, developmentally appropriate, and up-to-date reading material to children and adolescents in low-income communities.


Identification code 091–0900–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	5	5	8
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	10	10	10
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources			5
25.5	Research and development contracts	2	2	2
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment	6	6	2
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	17,204	17,204	21,254

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	17,227	17,227	21,281


Identification code 091–0900–4–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Grants to local educational agencies			16,000

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)			16,000

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation			16,000
1930	Total budgetary resources available			16,000

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts			16,000
3020	Outlays (gross)			–640

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year			15,360
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3200	Obligated balance, end of year			15,360

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross			16,000
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority			640
4180	Budget authority, net (total)			16,000
4190	Outlays, net (total)			640

Grants to local educational agencies.— The 2023 request includes $16 billion in mandatory funding that, when combined with $20.5 billion in discretionary funding, provides $36.5 billion for the program.

For carrying out programs of financial assistance to federally affected schools authorized by title VII of the ESEA, $1,541,112,000, of which $1,394,242,000 shall be for basic support payments under section 7003(b), $48,316,000 shall be for payments for children with disabilities under section 7003(d), $17,406,000, to remain available through September 30, 2024, shall be for construction under section 7007(b), $76,313,000 shall be for Federal property payments under section 7002, and $4,835,000, to remain available until expended, shall be for facilities maintenance under section 7008: Provided, That for purposes of computing the amount of a payment for an eligible local educational agency under section 7003(a) for school year 2022–2023, children enrolled in a school of such agency that would otherwise be eligible for payment under section 7003(a)(1)(B) of such Act, but due to the deployment of both parents or legal guardians, or a parent or legal guardian having sole custody of such children, or due to the death of a military parent or legal guardian while on active duty (so long as such children reside on Federal property as described in section 7003(a)(1)(B)), are no longer eligible under such section, shall be considered as eligible students under such section, provided such students remain in average daily attendance at a school in the same local educational agency they attended prior to their change in eligibility status.


Identification code 091–0102–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Basic support payments	1,354	1,354	1,394
0002	Payments for children with disabilities	49	49	48

0091	Direct program activities, subtotal	1,403	1,403	1,442
0101	Facilities maintenance		7	5
0201	Construction		34	18
0301	Payments for Federal property	76	76	76

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	1,479	1,520	1,541

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	2	24	5
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	1,501	1,501	1,541
1930	Total budgetary resources available	1,503	1,525	1,546
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	24	5	5

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	246	235	222
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	1,479	1,520	1,541
3011	Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts	210
3020	Outlays (gross)	–1,490	–1,533	–1,434
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–210

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	235	222	329
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	246	235	222
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	235	222	329

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	1,501	1,501	1,541
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	1,271	1,333	1,369
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	219	200	65

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	1,490	1,533	1,434
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	1,501	1,501	1,541
4190	Outlays, net (total)	1,490	1,533	1,434

Impact Aid helps to replace the lost local revenue that would otherwise be available to educate federally connected children. The presence of certain students living on Federal property, such as students who are military dependents or who reside on Indian lands, can place a financial burden on local educational agencies (LEAs) that educate them. The property on which the children live and their parents work is exempt from local property taxes, limiting LEAs' access to a central source of revenue used by most communities to finance education.

Basic support payments.—Payments will be made on behalf of approximately 780,000 federally connected students enrolled in over 1,000 LEAs to assist them in meeting their operation and maintenance costs. Average per-student payments will be approximately $1,720.

Payments for children with disabilities.—Payments in addition to those provided under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) will be provided on behalf of approximately 52,000 federally connected students with disabilities in approximately 800 LEAs. Average per-student payments will be approximately $930.

Facilities maintenance.—Funds will be used to provide emergency repairs for school facilities that serve military dependents and are owned by the Department of Education. Funds will also be used to transfer the facilities to LEAs.

Construction.—Approximately 7 to 8 construction grants will be awarded competitively to the highest-need Impact Aid LEAs for emergency repairs and modernization of school facilities.

Payments for Federal property.—Payments will be made to approximately 200 local educational agencies in which real property owned by the Federal Government represents 10 percent or more of the assessed value of real property in the local educational agency.

For carrying out school improvement activities authorized by part B of title I, part A of title II, subpart 1 of part A of title IV, part B of title IV, part B of title V, and parts B and C of title VI of the ESEA; the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act; section 203 of the Educational Technical Assistance Act of 2002; the Compact of Free Association Amendments Act of 2003; and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, $5,525,982,000, of which $3,844,541,000 shall become available on July 1, 2023, and remain available through September 30, 2024, and of which $1,681,441,000 shall become available on October 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, for academic year 2023–2024: Provided, That $378,000,000 shall be for part B of title I: Provided further, That $1,309,673,000 shall be for part B of title IV: Provided further, That $37,397,000 shall be for part B of title VI, which may be used for construction, renovation, and modernization of any public elementary school, secondary school, or structure related to a public elementary school or secondary school that serves a predominantly Native Hawaiian student body, and that the 5 percent limitation in section 6205(b) of the ESEA on the use of funds for administrative purposes shall apply only to direct administrative costs: Provided further, That $36,453,000 shall be for part C of title VI, which shall be awarded on a competitive basis, and may be used for construction, and that the 5 percent limitation in section 6305 of the ESEA on the use of funds for administrative purposes shall apply only to direct administrative costs: Provided further, That $52,000,000 shall be available to carry out section 203 of the Educational Technical Assistance Act of 2002 and the Secretary shall make such arrangements as determined to be necessary to ensure that the Bureau of Indian Education has access to services provided under this section: Provided further, That $24,463,218 shall be available to carry out the Supplemental Education Grants program for the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands: Provided further, That the Secretary may reserve up to 5 percent of the amount referred to in the previous proviso to provide technical assistance in the implementation of these grants: Provided further, That $202,840,000 shall be for part B of title V: Provided further, That $1,220,000,000 shall be available for grants under subpart 1 of part A of title IV.


Identification code 091–1000–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Supporting effective instruction State grants	2,137	2,137	2,148
0002	21st century community learning centers	1,259	1,259	1,310
0003	State assessments	369	369	378
0004	Education for homeless children and youths	106	106	110
0005	Native Hawaiians education	66	66	37
0006	Alaska Native education	121	36	36
0007	Training and advisory services	7	7	7
0008	Rural education	188	188	203
0009	Supplemental education grants	16	16	25
0010	Comprehensive centers	52	52	52
0011	Pooled evaluation	12	12	6
0012	Student support and academic enrichment	1,213	1,213	1,220

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	5,546	5,461	5,532

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	48	116	99
1001	Discretionary unobligated balance brought fwd, Oct 1	48
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	3,763	3,763	3,845
	Advance appropriations, discretionary:
1170	Advance appropriation	1,681	1,681	1,681
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	170
1900	Budget authority (total)	5,614	5,444	5,526
1930	Total budgetary resources available	5,662	5,560	5,625
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	116	99	93

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	6,870	7,641	6,129
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	5,546	5,461	5,532
3020	Outlays (gross)	–4,763	–6,973	–5,233
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–12

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	7,641	6,129	6,428
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	6,870	7,641	6,129
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	7,641	6,129	6,428

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	5,444	5,444	5,526
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	694	1,084	1,086
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	4,069	5,788	4,095

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	4,763	6,872	5,181
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	170
	Outlays, gross:
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances		101	52
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	5,614	5,444	5,526
4190	Outlays, net (total)	4,763	6,973	5,233


		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

Enacted/requested:
	Budget Authority	5,614	5,444	5,526
	Outlays	4,763	6,973	5,233
Legislative proposal, not subject to PAYGO:
	Budget Authority			1,000
	Outlays			20
Total:
	Budget Authority	5,614	5,444	6,526
	Outlays	4,763	6,973	5,253


	2021–2022 Academic Year	2022–2023 Academic Year	2023–2024 Academic Year

New Budget Authority	$3,763	$3,763	$3,845
Advance Appropriation	1,681	1,681	1,681
Total program level	5,444	5,444	5,526
Change in advance appropriation over previous year	0	0	0

Supporting effective instruction State grants.—Funds support formula grants to States and local educational agencies (LEAs) to improve teacher and principal effectiveness and ensure the equitable distribution of effective and highly effective teachers and principals.

21st century community learning centers.—Funds support formula grants to States for projects that provide the additional time, support, and enrichment activities needed to improve student achievement.

State assessments.—Funds support formula grants to States to develop and implement assessments that are aligned with college- and career-ready academic standards. Funds could also support audits of State and local assessment systems. A portion of the funds support competitive grants for activities to improve State assessment systems.

Education for homeless children and youths.—Funds support formula grants to States to provide educational and support services that enable homeless children and youth to attend and achieve success in school.

Native Hawaiians education.—Funds support competitive grants to public and private entities to develop or operate innovative projects that enhance the educational services provided to Native Hawaiian children and adults.

Alaska Native education.—Funds support competitive grants to Alaska Native organizations and other public and private organizations to develop or operate innovative projects that enhance the educational services provided to Alaska Native children and adults.

Training and advisory services.—Funds support grants to regional equity assistance centers that provide technical assistance upon request to local educational agencies (LEAs) in addressing educational equity related to issues of race, gender, and national origin.

Rural education.—Funds support formula grants under two programs: the Small, Rural School Achievement program and the Rural and Low-Income School program. The Small, Rural School Achievement program provides rural LEAs with small enrollments with additional formula funds. Funds under the Rural and Low-Income School program, which targets rural LEAs that serve concentrations of poor students, are allocated by formula to States, which in turn allocate funds to eligible LEAs.

Supplemental education grants.—Funds support grants to the Federated States of Micronesia and to the Republic of the Marshall Islands in place of grant programs in which those Freely Associated States no longer participate pursuant to the Compact of Free Association Amendments Act of 2003.

Comprehensive centers.—Funds support 22 comprehensive centers that focus on building State capacity to help school districts and schools meet the requirements of the ESEA.

Student support and academic enrichment grants.—Funds support formula grants to improve academic achievement by increasing the capacity of States and LEAs to provide all students with access to a well-rounded education, to improve school conditions for student learning, and to improve the use of technology.


Identification code 091–1000–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	7	7	7
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	24	24	24
25.5	Research and development contracts	1	1	1
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment	3	3	3
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	5,512	5,427	5,497

99.0	Direct obligations	5,547	5,462	5,532
99.5	Adjustment for rounding	–1	–1

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	5,546	5,461	5,532


Identification code 091–1000–2–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	School-based health professionals			1,000

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)			1,000

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation			1,000
1900	Budget authority (total)			1,000
1930	Total budgetary resources available			1,000

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts			1,000
3020	Outlays (gross)			–20

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year			980
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3200	Obligated balance, end of year			980

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross			1,000
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority			20
4180	Budget authority, net (total)			1,000
4190	Outlays, net (total)			20

School-based health professionals.—Funds would provide formula grants to State educational agencies, which would then make competitive grants to high-need local educational agencies to support the goal of doubling the number of health professionals, including school counselors, nurses, school psychologists, and social workers, in our Nation's schools.

For carrying out activities authorized by subparts 2 and 3 of part F of title IV of the ESEA, $693,000,000: Provided, That $129,000,000 shall be available for section 4631, of which up to $5,000,000, to remain available until expended, shall be for the Project School Emergency Response to Violence (Project SERV) program: Provided further, That $468,000,000 shall be available for section 4625, and up to $10,000,000 of such funds may be used for planning grants: Provided further, That the Secretary may use up to $25,000,000 of the funds in the preceding proviso for grants to local educational agencies to provide integrated student supports designed to improve student social, emotional, physical, and mental health and academic outcomes: Provided further, That the Secretary may reserve up to 2 percent of the funds provided in the second preceding proviso for technical assistance under section 4625 and to grantees funded under the preceding proviso: Provided further, That $96,000,000 shall be available through December 31, 2023, for section 4624.


Identification code 091–0203–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	School safety national activities	104	104	129
0002	Full-service community schools	30	30	468
0003	Promise neighborhoods	119	119	96

0500	Direct program activities, subtotal	253	253	693

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	253	253	693

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	191	55	19
1010	Unobligated balance transfer to other accts [091–0251]	–100

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	91	55	19
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	217	217	693
1930	Total budgetary resources available	308	272	712
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	55	19	19

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	309	378	403
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	253	253	693
3020	Outlays (gross)	–179	–228	–261
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–5

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	378	403	835
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	309	378	403
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	378	403	835

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	217	217	693
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	1	4	14
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	178	224	247

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	179	228	261
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	217	217	693
4190	Outlays, net (total)	179	228	261

School safety national activities.—Funds support competitive grants and other discretionary activities to foster safe, secure, and supportive school and community environments conducive to teaching and learning; facilitate emergency management and preparedness as well as recovery from traumatic events; increase the availability of school-based mental health service providers for students; prevent drug use and violence by students; and otherwise improve student well-being. These activities include Project Prevent, a program of grants to local educational agencies to help break the cycle of violence in communities with pervasive violence.

Full-service community schools.—Funds support grants to local educational agencies or the Bureau of Indian Education, in partnership with community-based organizations, nonprofit organizations, or other public or private entities, to provide comprehensive and coordinated academic, social, and health services for students, students' family members, and community members that will result in improved educational outcomes for children in neighborhoods with high rates of poverty, childhood obesity, academic failure, and involvement of community members in the justice system.

Promise neighborhoods.—Funds support competitive grants and other activities for projects designed to improve significantly the educational and developmental outcomes of children within the Nation's most distressed communities, by providing children in the community with access to a cradle-through-college-to-career continuum of academic programs and community supports, including effective schools and services. The 2023 request would continue to support the Administration's Community Violence Intervention initiative by giving priority to applicants for Project Prevent, Full Service Community Schools, and Promise Neighborhoods grantees who propose to incorporate strategies into their projects for reducing gun violence through tools other than incarceration.


Identification code 091–0203–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.1	Advisory and assistance services			10
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	3	3	4
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment	4	4	4
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	245	245	675

99.0	Direct obligations	252	252	693
99.5	Adjustment for rounding	1	1

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	253	253	693

For expenses necessary to carry out, to the extent not otherwise provided, title VI, part A of the ESEA, $186,239,000, of which $67,993,000 shall be for subpart 2 of part A of title VI and $7,865,000 shall be for subpart 3 of part A of title VI: Provided, That the 5 percent limitation in sections 6115(d), 6121(e), and 6133(g) of the ESEA on the use of funds for administrative purposes shall apply only to direct administrative costs: Provided further, That the Secretary may make awards under subpart 3 of Part A of title VI without regard to the funding limitation in section 6133(b)(1) of the ESEA: Provided further, That notwithstanding sections 6132(c)(2) and 6133(d)(1) of such Act, the Secretary may make such awards for a period of up to five years.


Identification code 091–0101–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Grants to local educational agencies	105	105	105
0002	Special programs for Indian children	68	68	68
0003	National activities	8	8	8
0004	Tribal Education Agencies		6	6

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	181	187	187

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1		20	14
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	181	181	186
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	20
1900	Budget authority (total)	201	181	186
1930	Total budgetary resources available	201	201	200
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	20	14	13

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	232	244	202
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	181	187	187
3020	Outlays (gross)	–164	–229	–188
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–5

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	244	202	201
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	232	244	202
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	244	202	201

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	181	181	186
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	3	9	9
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	161	207	172

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	164	216	181
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	20
	Outlays, gross:
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances		13	7
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	201	181	186
4190	Outlays, net (total)	164	229	188

The Indian Education programs support the efforts of local educational agencies (LEAs), Tribes, and Indian organizations to improve teaching and learning for the Nation's American Indian and Alaska Native children.

Grants to local educational agencies.—Formula grants support LEAs in their efforts to enhance and supplement elementary and secondary school programs that serve Indian students, with the goal of ensuring that such programs assist participating students in meeting the same academic standards as all other students.

Special programs for Indian children.—Funds support awards under the Demonstration Grants authority including for Native Youth Community Projects and projects expanding educational opportunity, as well as professional development grants for training Native American teachers and administrators for employment in school districts that serve a high proportion of Indian students.

National activities.—Funds support research, evaluation, data collection, and related activities, grants for Native language immersion schools and programs, and grants to Tribes to create Tribal educational agencies and to expand the capacity of existing Tribal educational agencies through education administrative planning, development, and coordination.

Tribal education agencies.—Funds support awards to Tribal education agencies to improve educational opportunities and achievement of Indian children and youth.


Identification code 091–0101–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	3	3	3
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment	1	1	1
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	177	183	183

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	181	187	187

Federal Funds

For carrying out activities authorized by subparts 1, 3 and 4 of part B of title II, and parts C, D, and E and subparts 1 and 4 of part F of title IV of the ESEA, $1,472,000,000: Provided, That $280,500,000 shall be for subparts 1, 3 and 4 of part B of title II and shall be made available without regard to sections 2201, 2231(b) and 2241: Provided further, That $677,500,000 shall be for parts C, D, and E and subpart 4 of part F of title IV, and shall be made available without regard to sections 4311, 4409(a), and 4601 of the ESEA: Provided further, That section 4303(d)(3)(A)(i) shall not apply to the funds available for part C of title IV: Provided further, That of the funds available for part C of title IV, the Secretary shall use not less than $330,000,000 to carry out sections 4303, 4305(a)(2), and 4305(b): Provided further, That the funds for section 4305(b) shall remain available through March 31, 2024: Provided further, That none of the funds available for part C of title IV may be used by the Secretary to make new awards that support any charter school, whether as a grantee or subgrantee or otherwise as a recipient of financing or other financial assistance, that is operated or managed by a for-profit education management organization or other similar for-profit entity, including through a contract with such an organization or entity, except that this proviso does not limit the ability of a charter school to contract with a for-profit entity for discrete purposes other than managing or operating the charter school, such as providing food services or payroll services: Provided further, That notwithstanding section 4601(b), $514,000,000 shall be available through December 31, 2023 for subpart 1 of part F of title IV.


Identification code 091–0204–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Education, innovation and research	192	194	514
0002	Teacher and school leader incentive fund	200	200	150
0003	American history and civics	5	5	11
0004	Supporting effective educator development (SEED)	80	80	80
0005	Charter schools	408	439	440
0006	Magnet schools	109	109	149
0007	Ready to learn programming	30	30	30
0008	Arts in education	31	31	31
0009	Javits gifted and talented education	13	13	13
0010	Statewide family engagement centers	12	12	15
0011	School leader recruitment and support			40

0799	Total direct obligations	1,080	1,113	1,473
0801	DC schools/SOAR Act	52	53	53

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	1,132	1,166	1,526

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	296	331	332
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	1,114	1,114	1,472
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, discretionary:
1700	Collected	53	53	53
1900	Budget authority (total)	1,167	1,167	1,525
1930	Total budgetary resources available	1,463	1,498	1,857
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	331	332	331

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	2,430	2,564	2,301
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	1,132	1,166	1,526
3011	Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts	4
3020	Outlays (gross)	–946	–1,429	–1,307
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–56

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	2,564	2,301	2,520
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	2,430	2,564	2,301
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	2,564	2,301	2,520

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	1,167	1,167	1,525
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	19	75	82
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	927	1,354	1,225

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	946	1,429	1,307
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4033	Non-Federal sources	–53	–53	–53
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	1,114	1,114	1,472
4190	Outlays, net (total)	893	1,376	1,254


		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

Enacted/requested:
	Budget Authority	1,114	1,114	1,472
	Outlays	893	1,376	1,254
Legislative proposal, not subject to PAYGO:
	Budget Authority			100
	Outlays			2
Total:
	Budget Authority	1,114	1,114	1,572
	Outlays	893	1,376	1,256

Education innovation and research.—Funds would support competitive grants for the creation, development, implementation, replication, and scaling up of evidence-based, field-initiated innovations designed to improve student achievement and attainment for high-need students.

Teacher and school leader incentive fund.—Funds would support competitive grants to help eligible entities develop, implement, improve, or expand human capital management systems or performance-based compensation systems in schools served by those entities.

American history and civics.—Funds would support competitive grants to institutions of higher education and other entities with demonstrated expertise to improve the quality of teaching and learning in American history, civics, and government.

Supporting effective educator development (SEED).—Funds would support competitive grants to institutions of higher education, national nonprofit entities, and the BIE to provide educators with evidence-based professional development and to support pathways that allow educators with nontraditional preparation and certification to obtain employment in traditionally underserved local educational agencies.

Charter schools.—Funds would support competitive grants for the opening of new charter schools and the replication and expansion of high-quality charter schools. Funds would also support information dissemination activities and competitive grants to improve charter schools' access to facilities.

Magnet schools.—Funds would support competitive grants to local educational agencies to establish and operate magnet school programs that are part of an approved desegregation plan.

Ready to learn programming.—Funds would support competitive grants to public telecommunications entities to develop and distribute educational video programming and digital content, such as applications and online educational games, for preschool and elementary school children and their parents, caregivers, and teachers to facilitate student academic achievement.

Arts in education.—Funds would support projects and programs to promote arts education for students, including disadvantaged students, through competitive grants to support development and dissemination of instructional materials, programming, and professional development for arts educators.

Javits gifted and talented education.—Funds would support a coordinated program of research, demonstration projects, innovative strategies, and other activities to build and enhance the capacity of elementary and secondary schools to identify gifted and talented students and meet their special educational needs.

Statewide family engagement centers.—Funds would support competitive grants to statewide organizations to carry out parent education and family engagement programs and provide comprehensive technical assistance to State and local educational agencies and organizations that support family-school partnerships.

School leader recruitment and support.—Funds would support grants to improve the recruitment, preparation, placement, support, and retention of effective principals and other school leaders in high-need schools.


Identification code 091–0204–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	21	21	22
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources	1	1	1
25.5	Research and development contracts	1	1	1
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment	1	1	1
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	1,056	1,089	1,448

99.0	Direct obligations	1,080	1,113	1,473
99.0	Reimbursable obligations	52	53	53

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	1,132	1,166	1,526


Identification code 091–0204–2–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Fostering diverse schools			100

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation			100
1930	Total budgetary resources available			100

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts			100
3020	Outlays (gross)			–2

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year			98
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3200	Obligated balance, end of year			98

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross			100
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority			2
4180	Budget authority, net (total)			100
4190	Outlays, net (total)			2

Fostering diverse schools.—Funds would support competitive grants to local educational agencies and partner entities for activities to improve racial and socioeconomic diversity in pre-kindergarten through grade twelve.


Identification code 091–0204–2–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources			10
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions			90

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts			100

Federal Funds

For carrying out part A of title III of the ESEA, $1,075,000,000, which shall become available on July 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, except that 6.5 percent of such amount shall be available on October 1, 2022, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, to carry out activities under section 3111(c)(1)(C): Provided, That the Secretary may reserve up to 2 percent of such amount for technical assistance and capacity building: Provided further, That $50,000,000 of the funds made available under this heading shall become available on October 1, 2022, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024 for supplemental awards to State educational agencies in States with local educational agencies that have enrolled at least 100 immigrant children and youth since January 1, 2021, and in States with at least one county where 50 or more unaccompanied children have been released to sponsors since January 1, 2021, from the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Refugee Resettlement: Provided further, That the Secretary may establish requirements for determining the allocation of such funds.


Identification code 091–1300–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	English language acquisition grants	795	797	1,075

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	10	12	12
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	797	797	1,075
1930	Total budgetary resources available	807	809	1,087
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	12	12	12

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	1,189	1,311	1,222
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	795	797	1,075
3020	Outlays (gross)	–672	–886	–804
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–1

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	1,311	1,222	1,493
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	1,189	1,311	1,222
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	1,311	1,222	1,493

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	797	797	1,075
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	3	8	11
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	669	878	793

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	672	886	804
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	797	797	1,075
4190	Outlays, net (total)	672	886	804

English language acquisition grants.—This program supports formula grants to States to improve services for English Learners. States are accountable for demonstrating that English Learners are making progress toward proficiency in English and meeting the same high State academic standards as all other students. Funds also support national activities, including professional development to increase the supply of high-quality teachers of English Learners and a national information clearinghouse on English language acquisition.


Identification code 091–1300–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	2	2	2
25.5	Research and development contracts	3	3	3
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment	1	1	1
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	789	791	1,069

99.0	Direct obligations	795	797	1,075

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	795	797	1,075

Federal Funds

For carrying out the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the Special Olympics Sport and Empowerment Act of 2004, $18,130,170,000, of which $8,410,430,000 shall become available on July 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, and of which $9,283,383,000 shall become available on October 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, for academic year 2023–2024: Provided, That the amount for section 611(b)(2) of the IDEA shall be equal to the lesser of the amount available for that activity during fiscal year 2022, increased by the amount of inflation as specified in section 619(d)(2)(B) of the IDEA, or the percent change in the funds appropriated under section 611(i) of the IDEA, but not less than the amount for that activity during fiscal year 2022: Provided further, That the Secretary shall, without regard to section 611(d) of the IDEA, distribute to all other States (as that term is defined in section 611(g)(2)), subject to the third proviso, any amount by which a State's allocation under section 611, from funds appropriated under this heading, is reduced under section 612(a)(18)(B), according to the following: 85 percent on the basis of the States' relative populations of children aged 3 through 21 who are of the same age as children with disabilities for whom the State ensures the availability of a free appropriate public education under this part, and 15 percent to States on the basis of the States' relative populations of those children who are living in poverty: Provided further, That the Secretary may not distribute any funds under the previous proviso to any State whose reduction in allocation from funds appropriated under this heading made funds available for such a distribution: Provided further, That the States shall allocate such funds distributed under the second proviso to local educational agencies in accordance with section 611(f): Provided further, That the amount by which a State's allocation under section 611(d) of the IDEA is reduced under section 612(a)(18)(B) and the amounts distributed to States under the previous provisos in fiscal year 2012 or any subsequent year shall not be considered in calculating the awards under section 611(d) for fiscal year 2013 or for any subsequent fiscal years: Provided further, That, notwithstanding the provision in section 612(a)(18)(B) regarding the fiscal year in which a State's allocation under section 611(d) is reduced for failure to comply with the requirement of section 612(a)(18)(A), the Secretary may apply the reduction specified in section 612(a)(18)(B) over a period of consecutive fiscal years, not to exceed 5, until the entire reduction is applied: Provided further, That the Secretary may, in any fiscal year in which a State's allocation under section 611 is reduced in accordance with section 612(a)(18)(B), reduce the amount a State may reserve under section 611(e)(1) by an amount that bears the same relation to the maximum amount described in that paragraph as the reduction under section 612(a)(18)(B) bears to the total allocation the State would have received in that fiscal year under section 611(d) in the absence of the reduction: Provided further, That the Secretary shall either reduce the allocation of funds under section 611 for any fiscal year following the fiscal year for which the State fails to comply with the requirement of section 612(a)(18)(A) as authorized by section 612(a)(18)(B), or seek to recover funds under section 452 of the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1234a): Provided further, That the funds reserved under 611(c) of the IDEA may be used to provide technical assistance to States to improve the capacity of the States to meet the data collection requirements of sections 616 and 618 and to administer and carry out other services and activities to improve data collection, coordination, quality, and use under parts B and C of the IDEA: Provided further, That the Secretary may use funds made available for the State Personnel Development Grants program under part D, subpart 1 of IDEA to evaluate program performance under such subpart: Provided further, That States may use funds reserved for other State-level activities under sections 611(e)(2) and 619(f) of the IDEA to make subgrants to local educational agencies, institutions of higher education, other public agencies, and private non-profit organizations to carry out activities authorized by those sections: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 643(e)(1) of the IDEA, the Secretary may reserve up to $200,000,000 of the funds appropriated under Part C of the IDEA to provide grants to States that are either carrying out the policy described in sections 632(5)(B)(ii) and 635(c) or are serving at-risk infants and toddlers as defined in section 632(1) and 632(5)(B)(i) in order to facilitate the implementation of such policy: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 643(e)(2)(A) of the IDEA, if 5 or fewer States apply for grants pursuant to section 643(e) of such Act, the Secretary shall provide a grant to each State in an amount equal to the maximum amount described in section 643(e)(2)(B) of such Act: Provided further, That if more than 5 States apply for grants pursuant to section 643(e) of the IDEA, the Secretary shall award funds to those States on the basis of the States' relative populations of infants and toddlers except that no such State shall receive a grant in excess of the amount described in section 643(e)(2)(B) of such Act: Provided further, That States may use funds allotted under section 643(c) of the IDEA to make subgrants to early intervention service providers to carry out activities authorized by section 638 of IDEA: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 638 of the IDEA, any State receiving a grant under section 633 of the IDEA must reserve not less than ten percent of its award for use in a manner described in a State plan, approved by the Secretary, to ensure equitable access to and participation in Part C services in the State, particularly for populations that have been traditionally underrepresented in the program: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 632(4)(B) of the IDEA, a State receiving a grant under section 633 of the IDEA may establish a system of payments but may not include in that system family fees or out-of-pocket costs to families for early intervention services: Provided further, That any State seeking to amend its eligibility criteria under section 635(a)(1) of the IDEA in such a way that would have the effect of reducing the number of infants and families who are eligible under Part C must conduct public participation under section 637(a)(8) of the IDEA at least 24 months prior to implementing such a change: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 638 of the IDEA, a State may use funds it receives under section 633 of the IDEA to offer continued early intervention services to a child who previously received services under Part C of the IDEA from age three until the beginning of the school year following the child's third birthday without regard to the procedures described in section 635(c) of the IDEA: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 643(c) of the IDEA, the Secretary shall allot, from the funds remaining for each fiscal year after the reservation and payments under subsections (a), (b), and (e) of section 643, to each State (as that term is defined in section 643(c)(4)(B)) according to the following: 85 percent on the basis of the State's relative population of infants and toddlers and 15 percent on the basis of the State's relative population of such children who are living in poverty, except that no State shall receive less than 90 percent of the amount it received in the preceding fiscal year: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 638 of the IDEA, a State may use funds appropriated under Part C of the IDEA to conduct child find, public awareness and referral activities for an individual who is expected to become a parent of an infant with a disability (as that term is defined in section 632(5)), as established by medical or other records: Provided further, That any State electing to use funds under the preceding proviso shall ensure, that as soon as possible but not later than 45 days after the child's birth, it completes the referral and eligibility process under this part for that child: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 611 of the IDEA, the Secretary may reserve up to $5,000,000 to study issues related to the creation and implementation of a comprehensive system of services and supports for children with disabilities from birth through age five.


Identification code 091–0300–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Grants to States	15,514	12,904	16,259
0002	Preschool grants	598	398	503
0003	Grants for infants and families	703	512	932

0091	Subtotal, State grants	16,815	13,814	17,694
0101	State personnel development	39	39	39
0102	Technical assistance and dissemination	44	54	49
0103	Personnel preparation	90	90	250
0104	Parent information centers	27	27	45
0105	Educational technology, media, and materials	29	29	29

0191	Subtotal, National activities	229	239	412
0201	Special Olympics education program	24	24	24

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	17,068	14,077	18,130

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	8	40	33
1001	Discretionary unobligated balance brought fwd, Oct 1	8
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	4,787	4,787	8,847
	Advance appropriations, discretionary:
1170	Advance appropriation	9,283	9,283	9,283
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	3,030
1900	Budget authority (total)	17,100	14,070	18,130
1930	Total budgetary resources available	17,108	14,110	18,163
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	40	33	33

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	9,156	13,460	8,959
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	17,068	14,077	18,130
3020	Outlays (gross)	–12,757	–18,578	–14,554
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–7

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	13,460	8,959	12,535
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	9,156	13,460	8,959
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	13,460	8,959	12,535

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	14,070	14,070	18,130
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	4,974	6,357	6,552
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	7,782	9,511	7,747

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	12,756	15,868	14,299
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	3,030
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	1
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances		2,710	255

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	1	2,710	255
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	17,100	14,070	18,130
4190	Outlays, net (total)	12,757	18,578	14,554


	2021–2022 Academic Year	2022–2023 Academic Year	2023–2024 Academic Year

Current Budget Authority	$4,534	$4,534	$8,411
Advance appropriation	9,283	9,283	9,283
Total program level	13,817	13,817	17,694
Change in advance appropriation from the previous year	0	0	0

Grants to States.—Formula grants are provided to States to assist them in providing special education and related services to children with disabilities ages 3 through 21.

Preschool grants.—Formula grants provide additional funds to States to further assist them in providing special education and related services to children with disabilities ages 3 through 5 served under the Grants to States program.

The goal of both the Grants to States and the Preschool grants programs is to improve results for children with disabilities by assisting State and local educational agencies (LEAs) to provide children with disabilities with access to high quality education that will help them meet challenging standards and prepare them for employment and independent living. LEAs may reserve up to 15 percent of the funds they receive under Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act to provide comprehensive coordinated early intervening services to children age 3 through grade 12.

Grants for infants and families.—Formula grants are provided to assist States to implement statewide systems of coordinated, comprehensive, multi-disciplinary interagency programs to provide early intervention services to children with disabilities, birth through age two, and their families. The goal of this program is to help States provide a comprehensive system of early intervention services that will enhance child and family outcomes.

National activities.—Funds are provided for personnel preparation and development, technical assistance, and other activities to support State efforts to improve results for children with disabilities under the State Grants programs. The goal of National Activities is to link States, school systems, and families to best practices to improve results for infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities.

Special Olympics education programs.—Funds are provided to promote the expansion of the Special Olympics and the design and implementation of Special Olympics education programs.


Identification code 091–0300–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	1	1	1
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	17,067	14,076	18,129

99.0	Direct obligations	17,068	14,077	18,130

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	17,068	14,077	18,130

For carrying out, to the extent not otherwise provided, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Helen Keller National Center Act, and the Randolph-Sheppard Act, $4,125,906,000, of which $3,949,707,000 shall be for grants for vocational rehabilitation services under title I of the Rehabilitation Act: Provided, That the Secretary may use amounts provided in this Act that remain available subsequent to the reallotment of funds to States pursuant to section 110(b) of the Rehabilitation Act for innovative activities aimed at increasing competitive integrated employment as defined in section 7 of such Act for youth and other individuals with disabilities: Provided further, That up to 15 percent of the amounts made available by this or prior Acts for innovative activities as described in the preceding proviso may be used for evaluation and technical assistance related to such activities: Provided further, That States may award subgrants for a portion of the funds to other public and private, nonprofit entities: Provided further, That any funds made available subsequent to reallotment for innovative activities aimed at improving the outcomes of individuals with disabilities shall remain available until September 30, 2024: Provided further, That, notwithstanding the provision in section 111(a)(2)(B) of the Rehabilitation Act regarding a fiscal year in which a States' allotment under section 110(a) is reduced for failure to comply with the requirement of section 111(a)(2)(B), the Secretary may apply the reduction specified in section 111(a)(2)(B) over a period of consecutive fiscal years, not to exceed 5, until the entire reduction is applied: Provided further, That, from amounts provided under this heading, the Secretary shall use $500,000 for a grant to provide training and technical assistance to support implementation of the Randolph-Sheppard Act.


Identification code 091–0301–0–1–506		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Vocational rehabilitation State grants	3,416	3,684	3,725
0002	Client assistance State grants	13	13	13
0003	Supported employment State grants	23	23	23
0004	Training	29	29	29
0005	Demonstration and Training Programs	6	6	41
0006	Independent living services for older blind individuals	33	33	33
0007	Protection and advocacy of individual rights	18	18	18
0008	Helen Keller National Center	17	17	18
0009	Randolph-Sheppard Vending Facility Program			1

0100	Total direct program	3,555	3,823	3,901

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	3,555	3,823	3,901

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1012	Unobligated balance transfers between expired and unexpired accounts	130	177
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	139	139	176
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	3,675	3,719	3,950
1230	Appropriations and/or unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced	–209	–212	–225

1260	Appropriations, mandatory (total)	3,466	3,507	3,725
1900	Budget authority (total)	3,605	3,646	3,901
1930	Total budgetary resources available	3,735	3,823	3,901
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940	Unobligated balance expiring	–180

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	2,486	3,046	2,103
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	3,555	3,823	3,901
3011	Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts	1
3020	Outlays (gross)	–2,908	–4,766	–3,819
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–88

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	3,046	2,103	2,185
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	2,486	3,046	2,103
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	3,046	2,103	2,185

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	139	139	176
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	59	70	88
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	101	166	71

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	160	236	159
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	3,466	3,507	3,725
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	1,093	1,754	1,862
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances	1,655	2,776	1,798

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	2,748	4,530	3,660
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	3,605	3,646	3,901
4190	Outlays, net (total)	2,908	4,766	3,819

Vocational rehabilitation State grants.—The basic State grants program provides Federal matching funds to State vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies to assist individuals with disabilities to become gainfully employed. Services are tailored to the specific needs of the individual. Priority is given to serving those with the most significant disabilities. In 2021, State VR agencies assisted an estimated 112,445 individuals with disabilities to obtain an employment outcome, about 92 percent of whom were individuals with significant disabilities. VR State Grants is a core program of the workforce development system under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) and a required partner in the one-stop service delivery system for accessing employment and training services. Amendments made by WIOA require State VR agencies to reserve and use at least 15 percent of their Federal grant allotment to support pre-employment transition services for students with disabilities provided in accordance with section 113 of the Rehabilitation Act. Between 1.0 percent and 1.5 percent of the funds appropriated for the VR State grants program must be set aside for the American Indian Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program. The request for the VR State Grants program includes the CPIU adjustment specified in the authorizing statute.

Client assistance State grants.—Formula grants are made to States to provide assistance in informing and advising clients and applicants about benefits available under the Rehabilitation Act and, if requested, to pursue legal or administrative remedies to ensure the protection of the rights of individuals with disabilities.

Supported employment State grants.—Formula grants are made to State VR agencies to provide supported employment services for individuals with the most significant disabilities.

Training.—Grants are made to States and public or nonprofit agencies and organizations, including institutions of higher education, to increase the number of skilled personnel available for employment in the field of rehabilitation and to upgrade the skills of those already employed.

Demonstration and training programs.—Competitive grants and contracts are awarded to expand and improve the provision and effectiveness of programs and services authorized under the Rehabilitation Act or further the purposes of the Act in promoting the employment and independence of individuals with disabilities in the community. Funds are used to support model demonstrations, technical assistance, and projects designed to improve program performance and the delivery of vocational rehabilitation and independent living services.

Independent living services for older individuals who are blind.—Grants are awarded to States to assist individuals over the age of 55 with severe visual disabilities to adjust to their disability and increase their ability to care for their own needs.

Protection and advocacy of individual rights.—Formula grants are made to State protection and advocacy systems to protect the legal and human rights of individuals with disabilities.

Helen Keller National Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults.—The Center provides services to deaf-blind youths and adults and provides training and technical assistance to professional and allied personnel at its national headquarters center and through its regional representatives and affiliate agencies.

Randolph-Sheppard Vending Facility Program.—The Vending Facility program authorized by the Randolph-Sheppard Act provides persons who are blind with remunerative employment and self-support through the operation of vending facilities on federal and other property. This award would support a technical assistance center to provide training and technical assistance to State licensing agencies and blind vendors.


Identification code 091–0301–0–1–506		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	1	1	1
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	3,554	3,822	3,900

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	3,555	3,823	3,901

For carrying out the Act to Promote the Education of the Blind of March 3, 1879, $37,431,000.


Identification code 091–0600–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	American printing house for the blind	34	34	37

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	34	34	37

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	34	34	37
1930	Total budgetary resources available	34	34	37

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	11	13	9
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	34	34	37
3020	Outlays (gross)	–32	–38	–36

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	13	9	10
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	11	13	9
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	13	9	10

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	34	34	37
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	22	26	28
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	10	12	8

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	32	38	36
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	34	34	37
4190	Outlays, net (total)	32	38	36

The 2023 request supports: the production and distribution of free educational materials for students below the college level who are blind; research related to developing and improving products; and advisory services to consumer organizations on the availability and use of materials. In 2021, the portion of the Federal appropriation allocated to educational materials represented approximately64 percent of the Printing House's total sales. The full 2021 appropriation represented approximately 69 percent of the Printing House's total actual revenue. The 2023 request is expected to be allocated in a similar manner.

For the National Technical Institute for the Deaf under titles I and II of the Education of the Deaf Act of 1986, $84,500,000: Provided, That from the total amount available, the Institute may at its discretion use funds for the endowment program as authorized under section 207 of such Act.


Identification code 091–0601–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Operations	112	82	85

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	112	82	85

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	93	82	85
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	19
1900	Budget authority (total)	112	82	85
1930	Total budgetary resources available	112	82	85

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	9	35	10
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	112	82	85
3020	Outlays (gross)	–86	–107	–92

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	35	10	3
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	9	35	10
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	35	10	3

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	93	82	85
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	81	81	84
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	5	14	1

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	86	95	85
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	19
	Outlays, gross:
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances		12	7
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	112	82	85
4190	Outlays, net (total)	86	107	92

This program provides postsecondary technical and professional education for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, provides training, and conducts applied research into employment-related aspects of deafness. In 2021, the Federal appropriation represented approximately 84 percent of the Institute's operating budget. The 2023 request includes funds that may be used for the Endowment Grant program.

For the Kendall Demonstration Elementary School, the Model Secondary School for the Deaf, and the partial support of Gallaudet University under titles I and II of the Education of the Deaf Act of 1986, $143,361,000: Provided, That from the total amount available, the University may at its discretion use funds for the endowment program as authorized under section 207 of such Act.


Identification code 091–0602–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Operations	170	140	143

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	170	140	143

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	151	140	143
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	19
1900	Budget authority (total)	170	140	143
1930	Total budgetary resources available	170	140	143

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	23	36	3
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	170	140	143
3020	Outlays (gross)	–157	–173	–143

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	36	3	3
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	23	36	3
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	36	3	3

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	151	140	143
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	136	139	142
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	21	34	1

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	157	173	143
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	19
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	170	140	143
4190	Outlays, net (total)	157	173	143

This institution provides undergraduate, continuing education, and graduate programs for students who are deaf, hard of hearing, and hearing. The University also conducts basic and applied research and provides public service programs for persons with hearing loss and persons who work with them.

The University operates the Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center, which includes elementary and secondary education programs on the main campus of the University serving students who are deaf or hard of hearing. The Kendall Demonstration Elementary School serves students from birth through grade 8, and the Model Secondary School for the Deaf serves high school students in grades 9 through 12. The Clerc Center also develops and disseminates information on effective educational techniques and strategies for teachers and professionals working with students who are deaf or hard of hearing.

In 2021, the appropriation for Gallaudet represented approximately 72 percent of total revenue for the University. Approximately 24 percent of the Federal appropriation was used to support activities at the Clerc Center, which received nearly 100 percent of its revenue through the appropriation. In addition, the University receives other Federal funds such as student financial aid, vocational rehabilitation, Endowment Grant program income, and competitive grants and contracts. The 2023 request includes funds that may be used for the Endowment Grant program.

Federal Funds

For carrying out, to the extent not otherwise provided, the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 ("Perkins Act") and the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act ("AEFLA"), $2,308,981,000, of which $1,517,981,000 shall become available on July 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, and of which $791,000,000 shall become available on October 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024: Provided, That $200,000,000 shall be for competitive grants to consortia of local educational agencies, institutions of higher education, and employers to pilot evidence-based strategies to increase the integration and alignment of the last two years of high school and the first two years of postsecondary education to improve postsecondary and career outcomes for all students: Provided further, That of the amounts made available for AEFLA, $38,712,000 shall be for national leadership activities under section 242.


Identification code 091–0400–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Career and Technical Education State Grants	1,334	1,334	1,355
0002	Career and Technical Education National Activities	8	8	215

0091	Subtotal, Career and Technical	1,342	1,342	1,570
0101	Adult Basic and Literacy Education State Grants	675	675	700
0102	Adult Education National Leadership Activities	14	14	39

0191	Subtotal, Adult Education	689	689	739

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	2,031	2,031	2,309

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	21	20	20
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	1,240	1,240	1,518
	Advance appropriations, discretionary:
1170	Advance appropriation	790	791	791
1900	Budget authority (total)	2,030	2,031	2,309
1930	Total budgetary resources available	2,051	2,051	2,329
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	20	20	20

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	1,974	2,173	1,861
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	2,031	2,031	2,309
3020	Outlays (gross)	–1,827	–2,343	–2,036
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–5

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	2,173	1,861	2,134
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	1,974	2,173	1,861
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	2,173	1,861	2,134

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	2,030	2,031	2,309
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	345	616	630
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	1,482	1,727	1,406

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	1,827	2,343	2,036
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	2,030	2,031	2,309
4190	Outlays, net (total)	1,827	2,343	2,036


	2021–2022 Academic Year	2022–2023 Academic Year	2023–2024 Academic Year

New Budget Authority	$1,240	$1,240	$1,518
Advance Appropriation	791	791	791
Total program level	2,031	2,031	2,309

Change in advance appropriation over previous year	0	0	0

Career and technical education State grants.—Funds support formula grants to States to expand and improve career and technical education (CTE) in high schools, technical schools, and community colleges under the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006, as amended.

Career and technical education national activities.—Funds support research, development, dissemination, evaluation, assessment, capacity building, and technical assistance activities aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of CTE programs under the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006, as amended. A new career-connected high schools initiative would support competitive grants to consortia of local educational agencies, institutions of higher education, and employers to increase the integration and alignment of the last two years of high school and the first two years of postsecondary education to improve postsecondary and career outcomes for all students, including students of color and students from low-income backgrounds. Key activities would include dual enrollment in postsecondary-level core content and career-connected coursework; work-based learning opportunities connected to programs of study; attainment of in-demand, career-related credentials; high-quality counseling and career-navigation supports; and educator professional development to support effective integration of academic and career-connected instruction across grades 11–14.

Adult basic and literacy education State grants.—Funds support formula grants to States to help eliminate functional illiteracy among the Nation's adults, to assist adults in obtaining a high school diploma or its equivalent, and to promote family literacy. A portion of the funds is reserved for formula grants to States to provide English literacy and civics education for immigrants and other limited English proficient adults.

Adult education national leadership activities.—Funds support discretionary activities to evaluate the effectiveness of Federal, State, and local adult education programs, to test and demonstrate methods of improving program quality, and to provide technical assistance to States. The 2023 request would support college bridge programs for adults without a high school diploma or its equivalent and activities to reduce equity gaps for disconnected youth without a high school diploma to help them attain a high school diploma or its equivalent.


Identification code 091–0400–0–1–501		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	15	15	25
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	3	3	3
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources	1	1	1
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	2,011	2,011	2,279

99.0	Direct obligations	2,030	2,030	2,308
99.5	Adjustment for rounding	1	1	1

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	2,031	2,031	2,309

Federal Funds

For carrying out, to the extent not otherwise provided, titles II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII of the HEA, the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, and section 117 of the Perkins Act, $3,792,802,000: Provided, That notwithstanding any other provision of law, funds made available in this Act to carry out title VI of the HEA and section 102(b)(6) of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 may be used to support visits and study in foreign countries by individuals who are participating in advanced foreign language training and international studies in areas that are vital to United States national security and who plan to apply their language skills and knowledge of these countries in the fields of government, the professions, or international development: Provided further, That of the funds referred to in the preceding proviso up to 1 percent may be used for program evaluation, national outreach, and information dissemination activities: Provided further, That up to 1.5 percent of the funds made available under chapter 2 of subpart 2 of part A of title IV of the HEA may be used for evaluation: Provided further, That section 313(d) of the HEA shall not apply to an institution of higher education that is eligible to receive funding under section 318 of the HEA: Provided further, That under the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, $450,000,000 shall be used to support 4-year institutions that are eligible to receive assistance under sections 316 through 320 of part A of title III, part B of title III, or title V of the HEA to build and expand institutional research and development infrastructure, and $110,000,000 shall be used for grants to eligible States and Tribal Colleges and Universities to implement institutional-level retention and completion reforms that improve student outcomes, including retention, transfer, and completion rates and labor market outcomes: Provided further, That amounts made available for carrying out section 419N of the HEA may be awarded notwithstanding the limitations in section 419N(b)(2) of the HEA.


Identification code 091–0201–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Strengthening institutions	109	109	209
0002	Strengthening tribally controlled colleges and universities	64	66	53
0003	Strengthening Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions	31	33	25
0004	Strengthening historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs)	416	418	403
0005	Strengthening historically Black graduate institutions	86	87	102
0007	Strengthening predominantly Black institutions	13	28	23
0008	Strengthening Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institutions	9	10	20
0009	Strengthening Native American-serving nontribal institutions	9	10	12
0010	Minority science and engineering improvement	12	11	18
0011	Strengthening historically Black masters programs	10	13	21

0091	Subtotal, aid for institutional development	759	785	886
0101	Developing Hispanic-serving institutions	147	243	237
0102	Developing Hispanic-serving institution STEM and articulation programs	93
0103	Promoting baccalaureate opportunities for Hispanic Americans	13	14	29
0104	International education and foreign language studies	76	78	78
0105	Model transition programs for students with intellectual disabilities	13	14	15
0106	Tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions	10	11	11

0191	Subtotal, other aid for institutions	352	360	370
0201	Federal TRIO programs	1,096	1,097	1,298
0202	Gaining early awareness and readiness for undergraduate programs (GEAR UP)	366	368	408
0203	Graduate assistance in areas of national need	22	24	24
0204	Child care access means parents in school	55	55	95

0291	Subtotal, assistance for students	1,539	1,544	1,825
0301	Fund for the improvement of postsecondary education (FIPSE)	40	55	560
0302	Teacher quality partnerships	51	38	132
0303	Hawkins Centers of Excellence			20

0391	Assistance for students, subtotal	91	93	712

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	2,741	2,782	3,793

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	25	61	193
1012	Unobligated balance transfers between expired and unexpired accounts	132	132	132

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	157	193	325
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	2,542	2,542	3,793
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	255	255	255
1230	Appropriations and/or unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced	–15	–15	–15

1260	Appropriations, mandatory (total)	240	240	240
1900	Budget authority (total)	2,782	2,782	4,033
1930	Total budgetary resources available	2,939	2,975	4,358
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940	Unobligated balance expiring	–137
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	61	193	565

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	3,867	4,173	4,107
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	2,741	2,782	3,793
3020	Outlays (gross)	–2,409	–2,848	–2,985
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–26

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	4,173	4,107	4,915
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	3,867	4,173	4,107
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	4,173	4,107	4,915

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	2,542	2,542	3,793
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	16	76	114
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	2,169	2,435	2,471

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	2,185	2,511	2,585
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	240	240	240
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority		8	8
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances	224	329	392

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	224	337	400
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	2,782	2,782	4,033
4190	Outlays, net (total)	2,409	2,848	2,985

Strengthening institutions.—Funds support planning and development grants for improving academic programs and financial management at schools that enroll high proportions of disadvantaged students and have low per-student expenditures.

Strengthening tribally controlled colleges and universities.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support grants to American Indian tribally controlled colleges and universities with scarce resources to enable them to improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Strengthening Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions to enable them to improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Strengthening historically Black colleges and universities.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support grants to help historically Black undergraduate institutions to improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Strengthening historically Black graduate institutions.—Funds support grants to historically Black graduate institutions to improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Strengthening predominantly Black institutions.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support grants to predominantly Black institutions to improve and expand their capacity to serve students.

Strengthening Asian American- and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institutions.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support grants to help Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institutions improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Strengthening Native American-serving nontribal institutions.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support grants to help Native American-serving nontribal institutions improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Minority science and engineering improvement.—Funds support grants to predominantly minority institutions to help them make long-range improvements in science and engineering education and to increase the participation of minorities in scientific and technological careers.

Strengthening HBCU Masters program.—Funds support grants to historically Black institutions to improve graduate education opportunities at the Masters level in scientific disciplines in which African Americans are underrepresented.

Developing Hispanic-serving institutions.—Funds support Hispanic-serving institutions to help them improve and expand their capacity to serve students.

Developing Hispanic-serving institutions STEM and articulation programs.—Mandatory funds support Hispanic-serving institutions to help them improve and expand their capacity to serve students with priority given to applications that propose to increase the number of Hispanics and other low-income students attaining degrees in the fields of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics; and to develop model transfer and articulation agreements between 2-year Hispanic-serving institutions and 4-year institutions in such fields.

Promoting postbaccalaureate opportunities for Hispanic Americans.—Discretionary funds support Hispanic-serving institutions to help them expand and improve postbaccalaureate educational opportunities.

International education and foreign language studies programs.—Funds promote the development and improvement of domestic and overseas international and foreign language programs by providing institutional and fellowship grant funding to strengthen the capability and performance of American education in foreign languages and in area and international studies.

Model transition programs for students with intellectual disabilities into higher education.—Funds support grants to institutions of higher education or consortia of such institutions to create or expand high quality, inclusive model comprehensive transition and postsecondary programs for students with intellectual disabilities.

Tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions.—Funds support the operation and improvement of eligible tribally controlled postsecondary career institutions to ensure continued and expanded educational opportunities for Indian students.

Federal TRIO programs.—Funds support postsecondary education outreach and student support services to help individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds prepare for, enter, and complete college and graduate studies.

Gaining early awareness and readiness for undergraduate programs.—Funds support early college preparation and awareness activities at the State and local levels to ensure that low-income elementary and secondary school students are prepared for and pursue postsecondary education.

Graduate assistance in areas of national need.—Funds support fellowships to graduate students of superior ability who have financial need for study in areas of national need.

Child care access means parents in school.—Funds support a program designed to bolster the participation of low-income parents in postsecondary education through the provision of campus-based child care services.

Fund for the improvement of postsecondary education.—Funds support the development of innovative strategies designed to improve college completion, particularly for high-need students.

Teacher quality partnership.—Funds support grants to partnerships including institutions of higher education and local education agencies, among others, to reform pre-baccalaureate teacher preparation programs or create teacher residency programs in high-need local education agencies.

Hawkins centers of excellence.—Funds support a program designed to increase the talent pool of effective minority educators by expanding and reforming teacher education programs at minority-serving institutions.

Pooled evaluation.—Requested authority would enable the Department to reserve up to 0.5 percent of funding annually appropriated for certain Higher Education Act (HEA) programs for rigorous program evaluation, data collection, and analysis of outcome data.


Identification code 091–0201–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	6	3	6
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources	1	1	1
25.5	Research and development contracts	1	1
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment	2	2	3
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	2,731	2,775	3,783

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	2,741	2,782	3,793

For partial support of Howard University, $311,018,000, of which not less than $3,405,000 shall be for a matching endowment grant pursuant to the Howard University Endowment Act and shall remain available until expended.


Identification code 091–0603–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	General support	306	217	227
0002	Howard University Hospital		34	84

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	306	251	311

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	271	251	311
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	35
1900	Budget authority (total)	306	251	311
1930	Total budgetary resources available	306	251	311

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	3	11	3
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	306	251	311
3020	Outlays (gross)	–298	–259	–311

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	11	3	3
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	3	11	3
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	11	3	3

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	271	251	311
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	271	248	308
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	3	11	3

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	274	259	311
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	35
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	24
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	306	251	311
4190	Outlays, net (total)	298	259	311

Howard University is a private, nonprofit institution of higher education consisting of 13 schools and colleges. Federal funds are used to provide partial support for University programs as well as for the Howard University Hospital, a teaching facility. In 2022, the Federal appropriation represented approximately 23 percent of the University's revenue and 10 percent of the Hospital's revenue. The 2023 request is expected to be allocated in a similar manner.

The 2023 request would lift the restrictions that prevent Howard University from accessing the HBCU Capital Financing Program.

For Federal administrative expenses to carry out activities related to existing facility loans pursuant to section 121 of the HEA, $298,000.

For the cost of guaranteed loans, $20,150,000, as authorized pursuant to part D of title III of the HEA, which shall remain available through September 30, 2024: Provided, That such costs, including the cost of modifying such loans, shall be as defined in section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974: Provided further, That these funds are available to subsidize total loan principal, any part of which is to be guaranteed, not to exceed $752,065,725: Provided further, That these funds may be used to support loans to public and private Historically Black Colleges and Universities without regard to the limitations within section 344(a) of the HEA.

In addition, for administrative expenses to carry out the Historically Black College and University Capital Financing Program entered into pursuant to part D of title III of the HEA, $528,000.


Identification code 091–0241–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Forgiveness Modification expenses	136
	Credit program obligations:
0701	Direct loan subsidy	23	18	8
0703	Subsidy for modifications of direct loans	1,564
0705	Reestimates of direct loan subsidy	18	242
0706	Interest on reestimates of direct loan subsidy	1	42
0709	Administrative expenses		1	1

0791	Direct program activities, subtotal	1,606	303	9

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	1,742	303	9

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	14	33	63
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	49	49	21
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	2,051	284
1900	Budget authority (total)	2,100	333	21
1930	Total budgetary resources available	2,114	366	84
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940	Unobligated balance expiring	–339
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	33	63	75

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	33	34	42
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	1,742	303	9
3020	Outlays (gross)	–1,736	–295	–12
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–5

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	34	42	39
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	33	34	42
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	34	42	39

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	49	49	21
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	6	5	5
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	17	6	7

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	23	11	12
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	2,051	284
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	1,713	284
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	2,100	333	21
4190	Outlays, net (total)	1,736	295	12

Summary of Loan Levels, Subsidy Budget Authority and Outlays by Program (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0241–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct loan levels supportable by subsidy budget authority:
115002	Historically Black Colleges and Universities	300	241	270

115999	Total direct loan levels	300	241	270
	Direct loan subsidy (in percent):
132002	Historically Black Colleges and Universities	7.67	7.35	2.68

132999	Weighted average subsidy rate	7.67	7.35	2.68
	Direct loan subsidy budget authority:
133002	Historically Black Colleges and Universities	23	18	8

133999	Total subsidy budget authority	23	18	8
	Direct loan subsidy outlays:
134002	Historically Black Colleges and Universities	1,581	10	11

134999	Total subsidy outlays	1,581	10	11
	Direct loan reestimates:
135001	College housing and academic facilities loans		–2
135002	Historically Black Colleges and Universities	–189	–6

135999	Total direct loan reestimates	–189	–8

	Administrative expense data:
3510	Budget authority	1	1	1
3590	Outlays from new authority	1	1	1

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this account records the subsidy costs associated with the direct loans obligated and loan guarantees committed in 1992 and beyond, as well as any administrative expenses for the College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans (CHAFL) Program and the Historically Black College and University (HBCU) Capital Financing Program. The subsidy amounts are estimated on a present value basis; the administrative expenses are on a cash basis. These programs are administered separately but consolidated in the Budget for presentation purposes.

College housing and academic facilities loans program.—Funds for this activity pay the Federal costs of administering CHAFL, College Housing Loans (CHL), and Higher Education Facilities Loans (HEFL) programs. Prior to 1994, these programs provided financing for the construction, reconstruction, and renovation of housing, academic, and other educational facilities. Although no new loans have been awarded since 1993, the Department of Education will incur costs for administering the outstanding loans through 2030.

Historically Black college and university (HBCU) capital financing program.—The HBCU Capital Financing Program provides HBCUs with access to capital financing for the repair, renovation, and construction of classrooms, libraries, laboratories, dormitories, instructional equipment, and research instrumentation. The authorizing statute gives the Department authority to enter into insurance agreements with a private for-profit Designated Bonding Authority. The bonding authority issues the loans and maintains an escrow account in which five percent of each institution's principal is deposited. The FAFSA Simplification Act, which was included in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, signed into law in December 2020, provided authority and funding to discharge debts under the HBCU Capital Financing Program. The Department of Education discharged approximately $1.6 billion of debt provided to HBCUs.

The 2023 request would lift the restrictions that prevent Howard University from accessing the HBCU Capital Financing Program.


Identification code 091–0241–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

1001	Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment	3	3	3


Identification code 091–4252–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
	Credit program obligations:
0713	Payment of interest to Treasury		1	1
0743	Interest on downward reestimates		2

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts		3	1

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1		–2
1020	Adjustment of unobligated bal brought forward, Oct 1		2
	Financing authority:
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	1	1	1
1825	Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt	–3

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	–2	1	1
1900	Budget authority (total)	–2	1	1
1930	Total budgetary resources available	–2	1	1
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	–2

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1			2
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts		3	1
3020	Outlays (gross)		–1	–1

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year		2	2
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year			2
3200	Obligated balance, end of year		2	2

	Financing authority and disbursements, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	–2	1	1
	Financing disbursements:
4110	Outlays, gross (total)		1	1
	Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4123	Interest repayments	–1	–1	–1
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	–3
4190	Outlays, net (total)	–1


Identification code 091–4252–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	3	3	3

1290	Outstanding, end of year	3	3	3

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the College Housing and Academic Facilities loan program. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.


Identification code 091–4252–0–3–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
	Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401	Direct loans receivable, gross	3	3
1405	Allowance for subsidy cost (-)

1499	Net present value of assets related to direct loans	3	3

1999	Total assets	3	3
	LIABILITIES:
2103	Federal liabilities: Debt	3	3

4999	Total liabilities and net position	3	3


Identification code 091–0242–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
	Credit program obligations:
0713	Payment of interest to Treasury	2	2	2

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 43.0)	2	2	2

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	3	2
1022	Capital transfer of unobligated balances to general fund	–3	–2
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	1	9	1
1236	Appropriations applied to repay debt		–8

1260	Appropriations, mandatory (total)	1	1	1
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	5	8	8
1820	Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund			–5
1825	Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt	–2	–7	–2

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	3	1	1
1900	Budget authority (total)	4	2	2
1930	Total budgetary resources available	4	2	2
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	2

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	1	1
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	2	2	2
3020	Outlays (gross)	–2	–3	–2

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	1
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	1	1
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	1

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	4	2	2
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	2	2	2
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances		1

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	2	3	2
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4123	Non-Federal sources	–5	–8	–8
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	–1	–6	–6
4190	Outlays, net (total)	–3	–5	–6


Identification code 091–0242–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	22	17	9
1251	Repayments: Repayments and prepayments	–2	–8	–2
1264	Other adjustments, net (+ or -)	–3

1290	Outstanding, end of year	17	9	7

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, the College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans Liquidating Account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from direct loans obligated prior to 1992. This account includes loans made under the College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans, College Housing Loans, and Higher Education Facilities Loans programs, which continue to be administered separately.


Identification code 091–0242–0–1–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
1101	Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury	4	3
1601	Direct loans, gross	22	17
1602	Interest receivable	4	4
1603	Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (-)	–8	–7

1699	Value of assets related to direct loans	18	14

1999	Total assets	22	17
	LIABILITIES:
	Federal liabilities:
2103	Debt	10	9
2104	Resources payable to Treasury	16	15

2999	Total liabilities	26	24
	NET POSITION:
3100	Unexpended appropriations	3	3
3300	Cumulative results of operations	–7	–10

3999	Total net position	–4	–7

4999	Total liabilities and net position	22	17


Identification code 091–4255–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0004	Interest paid to Treasury (FFB)	21	2	2
0006	Deferment Mod expenses	5
0007	Public Deferment Payments	2
0008	CARES Deferment Payments	18
0009	Forgiveness Mod Expenses	13

0091	Direct program activities, subtotal	59	2	2
	Credit program obligations:
0710	Direct loan obligations	300	241	270
0713	Payment of interest to Treasury	9	1	3
0742	Downward reestimates paid to receipt accounts	118	203
0743	Interest on downward reestimates	89	85

0791	Direct program activities, subtotal	516	530	273

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	575	532	275

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	177	445	367
	Financing authority:
	Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400	Borrowing authority	668	367	752
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	1,726	296	17
1825	Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt	–1,551	–209	–3

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	175	87	14
1900	Budget authority (total)	843	454	766
1930	Total budgetary resources available	1,020	899	1,133
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	445	367	858

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	499	548	501
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	575	532	275
3020	Outlays (gross)	–526	–579	–221

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	548	501	555
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	499	548	501
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	548	501	555

	Financing authority and disbursements, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	843	454	766
	Financing disbursements:
4110	Outlays, gross (total)	526	579	221
	Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120	Federal sources (subsidy)	–1,599	–293	–11
4120	Federal sources (FFB)	–48
4122	Interest on uninvested funds	–12
4123	Interest repayments	–25	–1	–3
4123	Principal repayments	–42	–2	–3

4130	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–1,726	–296	–17

4160	Budget authority, net (mandatory)	–883	158	749
4170	Outlays, net (mandatory)	–1,200	283	204
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	–883	158	749
4190	Outlays, net (total)	–1,200	283	204


Identification code 091–4255–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111	Direct loan obligations from current-year authority	300	241	270

1150	Total direct loan obligations	300	241	270

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	1,564	160	343
1231	Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements	209	185	221
1251	Repayments: Repayments and prepayments	–67	–2	–3
1264	Other adjustments, net (+ or -)	–1,546

1290	Outstanding, end of year	160	343	561

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this non-budgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Federal Government resulting from direct loans obligated in 1996 and beyond. The Federal Financing Bank (FFB) purchases bonds issued by the Historically Black College and University (HBCU) Designated Bonding Authority. Under the policies governing Federal credit programs, bonds purchased by the FFB and supported by the Department of Education with a letter of credit create the equivalent of a Federal direct loan. HBCU bonds are also available for purchase by the private sector, and these will be treated as loan guarantees. However, the Department anticipates that all HBCU loans will be financed by the FFB. The amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.


Identification code 091–4255–0–3–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
1101	Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury	215	281
	Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401	Direct loans receivable, gross	1,564	160
1402	Interest receivable	54	1
1405	Allowance for subsidy cost (-)	–222	–25

1499	Net present value of assets related to direct loans	1,396	136
1901	Other Federal assets: Other assets

1999	Total assets	1,611	417
	LIABILITIES:
	Federal liabilities:
2101	Accounts payable	45
2102	Interest payable	13
2103	Debt	1,553	417

2999	Total liabilities	1,611	417
	NET POSITION:
3300	Cumulative results of operations

4999	Total liabilities and net position	1,611	417

Federal Funds

For carrying out subparts 1, 3, and 10 of part A, and part C of title IV of the HEA, $26,345,352,000 which shall remain available through September 30, 2024.

The maximum Pell Grant for which a student shall be eligible during award year 2023–2024 shall be $6,335.


Identification code 091–0200–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0101	Federal Pell grants	27,393	26,726	32,173
0201	Federal supplemental educational opportunity grants (SEOG)	878	884	880
0202	Federal work-study	1,196	1,200	1,190

0291	Campus-based activities - Subtotal	2,074	2,084	2,070

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	29,467	28,810	34,243

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	13,129	14,227	15,810
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	33	109

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	13,162	14,336	15,810
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	24,545	24,545	26,345
1100	Appropriation - Disc Award Inc CHIMP			141
1130	Appropriations permanently reduced		–28	–141
1131	Unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced	–500	–500

1160	Appropriation, discretionary (total)	24,045	24,017	26,345
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	6,555	6,267	6,415
1230	Appropriations and/or unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced	–28

1260	Appropriations, mandatory (total)	6,527	6,267	6,415
1900	Budget authority (total)	30,572	30,284	32,760
1930	Total budgetary resources available	43,734	44,620	48,570
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940	Unobligated balance expiring	–40
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	14,227	15,810	14,327

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	19,213	19,946	19,728
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	29,467	28,810	34,243
3011	Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts	184
3020	Outlays (gross)	–28,653	–28,919	–30,601
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–33	–109
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–232

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	19,946	19,728	23,370
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	19,213	19,946	19,728
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	19,946	19,728	23,370

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	24,045	24,017	26,345
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	6,719	2,438	3,534
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	15,312	20,062	17,490

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	22,031	22,500	21,024
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4033	Non-Federal sources	–3
	Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4052	Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts	3

4070	Budget authority, net (discretionary)	24,045	24,017	26,345
4080	Outlays, net (discretionary)	22,028	22,500	21,024
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	6,527	6,267	6,415
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	2,121	2,207	2,271
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances	4,501	4,212	7,306

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	6,622	6,419	9,577
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4123	Non-Federal sources	–17
	Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4142	Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts	17

4160	Budget authority, net (mandatory)	6,527	6,267	6,415
4170	Outlays, net (mandatory)	6,605	6,419	9,577
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	30,572	30,284	32,760
4190	Outlays, net (total)	28,633	28,919	30,601


		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

Enacted/requested:
	Budget Authority	30,572	30,284	32,760
	Outlays	28,633	28,919	30,601
Legislative proposal, subject to PAYGO:
	Budget Authority			6,575
	Outlays			2,847
Total:
	Budget Authority	30,572	30,284	39,335
	Outlays	28,633	28,919	33,448


Identification code 091–0200–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	615	664	729
1251	Repayments: Repayments and prepayments	–15	–60	–101
1264	Other adjustments, net (+ or -)	64	125	120

1290	Outstanding, end of year	664	729	748

Notes.—Figures include, in all years, institutional matching share of defaulted notes assigned from institutions to the Education Department.

Funding from the Student Financial Assistance account and related matching funds would provide 8.9 million awards totaling more than $41.2 billion in available aid in award year 2023–2024.

Federal Pell grants.—Pell Grants are the single largest source of grant aid for postsecondary education. Funding for this program is provided from two sources: discretionary and mandatory budget authority provided by the College Cost Reduction and Access Act, as amended, and changes to the Higher Education Act of 1965 made in the Department of Education Appropriations Act of 2021.

In 2023, nearly 6.7 million undergraduates will receive up to $6,335 from the discretionary award and an additional $2,335 from the mandatory add-on to help pay for postsecondary education. Undergraduate students establish eligibility for these grants under award and need determination rules set out in the authorizing statute and annual appropriations act.

The 2023 Budget request includes $24.3 billion in discretionary funding for Pell Grants in 2023, which, when combined with mandatory funding, will support a projected maximum award of $8,670.

Federal supplemental educational opportunity grants (SEOG).—Federal funds are awarded by formula to qualifying institutions, which use these funds to award grants to undergraduate students. While institutions have discretion in awarding these funds, they are required to give priority to Pell Grant recipients and other students with exceptional need. The Federal share of these grants cannot exceed 75 percent of the total grant. The 2023 Budget includes $880 million for SEOG, which would generate $1.25 billion in aid to nearly 1.7 million students.

Federal work-study.—Federal funds are awarded by formula to qualifying institutions, which provide part-time jobs to eligible undergraduate and graduate students. Hourly earnings under this program must be at least the Federal minimum wage. Federal funding, in most cases, pays 75 percent of a student's hourly wages, with the remaining 25 percent paid by the employer. The Federal Work-Study program also requires participating institutions to use at least seven percent of their total funds for students employed in community service jobs.

The 2023 Budget includes $1.19 billion for Work-Study, which would generate $1.21 billion in aid to 620,597 students.

Iraq and Afghanistan service grants.—This program provides non-need-based grants to students whose parent or guardian was a member of the Armed Forces and died in Iraq or Afghanistan as a result of performing military service after September 11, 2001.

Pooled evaluation.—Requested authority in the General Provisions would enable the Department to reserve up to 0.5 percent of funding annually appropriated for certain Higher Education Act (HEA) programs for rigorous program evaluation, data collection, and analysis of outcome data. The authority would not allow the Department to reserve funds appropriated for Pell Grants, but would allow for evaluation of the program with the reserved funds.

Funding tables.—The following tables display student aid funds available, the number of aid awards, average awards, and the unduplicated count of recipients from each Federal student aid program. Loan amounts reflect the amount actually loaned to borrowers, not the Federal cost of these loans. The data in these tables include matching funds wherever appropriate. The 2023 data in these tables reflect the Administration's Budget proposals.

Aid Funds Available for Postsecondary Education and Training (in thousands of dollars)


	2021	2022	2023

Pell grants	$26,400,480	$26,695,335	$38,714,715
Student loans:
Subsidized Stafford loans	16,244,711	16,025,387	15,867,580
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Undergraduates)	18,476,479	18,502,154	18,482,220
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Graduate students)	27,366,595	27,843,927	27,742,246
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (total)	45,843,074	46,346,081	46,224,466
Parent PLUS loans	10,297,227	10,340,369	10,610,704
Grad PLUS loans	12,071,518	12,317,093	12,480,005
PLUS loans (total)	22,368,745	22,657,462	23,090,709
Consolidation	19,964,715	26,217,008	27,239,740
Student loans, subtotal	104,421,245	111,245,938	112,422,496
Work-study	1,207,681	1,207,681	1,207,681
Supplemental educational opportunity grants	1,251,693	1,251,693	1,251,693
Iraq and Afghanistan service grants	692	692	924
TEACH grants	74,962	75,862	81,148
Total aid available	132,106,312	139,226,759	152,428,215


	2021	2022	2023

Pell grants	6,104	6,133	6,657
Subsidized Stafford loans	4,628	4,562	4,515
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Undergraduates)	4,856	4,816	4,775
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Graduate students)	1,790	1,800	1,776
Parent PLUS loans	658	650	653
Grad PLUS loans	595	595	593
Consolidation loans	324	380	401
Work-study	621	621	621
Supplemental educational opportunity grants	1,662	1,662	1,662
Iraq and Afghanistan service grants1	0	0	0
TEACH grants	34	34	35
Total awards	21,273	21,254	21,688


	2021	2022	2023

Pell grants	$4,325	$4,353	$5,816
Subsidized Stafford loans	3,510	3,513	3,514
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Undergraduates)	3,805	3,842	3,870
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Graduate students)	15,289	15,472	15,618
Parent PLUS loans	15,640	15,911	16,257
Grad PLUS loans	20,282	20,692	21,028
Consolidation loans	61,616	68,939	67,991
Work-study	1,946	1,946	1,946
Supplemental educational opportunity grants	753	753	753
Iraq and Afghanistan service grants	5,672	5,672	7,574
TEACH grants	2,204	2,204	2,329


	2021	2022	2023

Unduplicated student count	8,754	8,718	8,910


	2021	2022	2023

Pell grants	$30,520	$30,665	$33,285
Work-study	60,146	60,146	60,146
Supplemental educational opportunity grants	18,891	18,891	18,891


Identification code 091–0200–4–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0101	Federal Pell grants			6,575

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)			6,575

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation			6,575
1930	Total budgetary resources available			6,575

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts			6,575
3020	Outlays (gross)			–2,847

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year			3,728
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3200	Obligated balance, end of year			3,728

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross			6,575
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority			2,847
4180	Budget authority, net (total)			6,575
4190	Outlays, net (total)			2,847

Federal Pell Grants.—The 2023 Budget proposes to increase the mandatory add-on to the maximum Pell Grant from $1,060 to $2,335. With the $900 increase to the discretionary maximum award, the total increase will be $2,175 and the total maximum Pell Grant will be $8,670.

For Federal administrative expenses to carry out part D of title I, and subparts 1, 3, 9, and 10 of part A, and parts B, C, D, and E of title IV of the HEA, and subpart 1 of part A of title VII of the Public Health Service Act, $2,654,034,000, to remain available through September 30, 2024.


Identification code 091–0202–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Student aid administration	1,056	1,034	1,188
0002	Servicing activities	906	873	1,466

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	1,962	1,907	2,654

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	28	64	10
1001	Discretionary unobligated balance brought fwd, Oct 1	28
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	22

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	50	64	10
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	1,884	1,853	2,654
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	91
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, discretionary:
1701	Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources	1
1900	Budget authority (total)	1,976	1,853	2,654
1930	Total budgetary resources available	2,026	1,917	2,664
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	64	10	10

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	766	888	1,210
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	1,962	1,907	2,654
3011	Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts	3
3020	Outlays (gross)	–1,804	–1,585	–2,198
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–22
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–17

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	888	1,210	1,666
	Uncollected payments:
3060	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1		–1	–1
3070	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	–1

3090	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year	–1	–1	–1
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	766	887	1,209
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	887	1,209	1,665

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	1,885	1,853	2,654
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	1,147	1,019	1,421
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	657	541	747

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	1,804	1,560	2,168
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4030	Federal sources		–1
4033	Non-Federal sources	–1

4040	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–1	–1
	Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4050	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	–1
4052	Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts	1	1

4060	Additional offsets against budget authority only (total)		1

4070	Budget authority, net (discretionary)	1,884	1,853	2,654
4080	Outlays, net (discretionary)	1,803	1,559	2,168
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	91
	Outlays, gross:
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances		25	30
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	1,975	1,853	2,654
4190	Outlays, net (total)	1,803	1,584	2,198

The Department of Education manages Federal student aid programs that will provide $126 billion in new Federal student aid grants and loans (excluding Direct Consolidation Loans) to nearly 9 million students and parents in 2023. The Offices of Postsecondary Education, the Under Secretary, and Federal Student Aid (FSA) are primarily responsible for administering the Federal student financial assistance programs. FSA was created by the Congress in 1998 as a partially independent Performance Based Organization (PBO) with a mandate to improve service to students and other student aid program participants, reduce student aid administration costs, and improve accountability and program integrity.


Identification code 091–0202–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
	Personnel compensation:
11.1	Full-time permanent	192	204	218
11.3	Other than full-time permanent	8
11.5	Other personnel compensation	4	4	5

11.9	Total personnel compensation	204	208	223
12.1	Civilian personnel benefits	69	72	82
21.0	Travel and transportation of persons		2	3
23.1	Rental payments to GSA	19	19	18
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	2	1	1
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	1,065	955	1,568
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources	49	50	52
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment	553	600	706

99.0	Direct obligations	1,961	1,907	2,653
99.0	Reimbursable obligations	1
99.5	Adjustment for rounding			1

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	1,962	1,907	2,654


Identification code 091–0202–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

1001	Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment	1,551	1,565	1,597


Identification code 091–0206–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
	Credit program obligations:
0701	Direct loan subsidy	27	35	39
0703	Subsidy for modifications of direct loans	47	4
0705	Reestimates of direct loan subsidy	62	53
0706	Interest on reestimates of direct loan subsidy	16	17

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	152	109	39

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation (indefinite) - Loan subsidy	29	37	41
1200	Appropriation (indefinite) - Upward reestimate	78	70
1200	Appropriation (indefinite) Upward Modification	47	4
1230	Appropriations and/or unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced	–2	–2	–2

1260	Appropriations, mandatory (total)	152	109	39
1930	Total budgetary resources available	152	109	39

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	9	6	9
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	152	109	39
3020	Outlays (gross)	–153	–104	–36
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–2	–2	–2

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	6	9	10
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	9	6	9
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	6	9	10

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	152	109	39
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	146	100	30
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances	7	4	6

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	153	104	36
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	152	109	39
4190	Outlays, net (total)	153	104	36

Summary of Loan Levels, Subsidy Budget Authority and Outlays by Program (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0206–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct loan levels supportable by subsidy budget authority:
115001	TEACH Grants	86	82	88
	Direct loan subsidy (in percent):
132001	TEACH Grants	31.72	42.57	44.50

132999	Weighted average subsidy rate	31.72	42.57	44.50
	Direct loan subsidy budget authority:
133001	TEACH Grants	27	35	39
	Direct loan subsidy outlays:
134001	TEACH Grants	75	33	36
	Direct loan reestimates:
135001	TEACH Grants	75	65

The TEACH Grant program, authorized by the College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007, awards annual grants of up to $4,000 to full- or part-time undergraduate and graduate students who agree to teach mathematics, science, foreign languages, bilingual education, special education, or reading at a high-poverty school for not less than four years within eight years of graduation. The program began awarding grants in the 2008–2009 award year. Students must have a grade point average of 3.25 or higher to be eligible to receive a grant. Students who fail to fulfill the service requirements must repay the grants, including interest accrued from the time of award.

Because TEACH Grants turn into loans in cases where the service requirements are not fulfilled, for budget and accounting purposes the program is operated consistent with the requirements of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990. This program account records subsidy costs reflecting the net present value of the estimated lifetime Federal program costs for grants awarded in a given fiscal year. Under this approach the subsidy cost reflects the cost of grant awards net of expected future repayments for grants that are converted to loans.


Identification code 091–4290–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
	Credit program obligations:
0710	Direct loan obligations	86	82	88
0713	Payment of interest to Treasury	20	16	27
0741	Modification savings		2
0742	Downward reestimates paid to receipt accounts	3	3

0791	Direct program activities, subtotal	109	103	115

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	109	103	115

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	1	1
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	25	7	7
1023	Unobligated balances applied to repay debt	–18	–1
1024	Unobligated balance of borrowing authority withdrawn	–8	–7	–7
	Financing authority:
	Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400	Borrowing authority	69	55	52
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	172	164	112
1801	Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources	–3	1
1820	Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections for Negative MAT	–2
1825	Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt	–126	–117	–49

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	41	48	63
1900	Budget authority (total)	110	103	115
1930	Total budgetary resources available	110	103	115
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	1

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	89	75	74
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	109	103	115
3020	Outlays (gross)	–98	–97	–108
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–25	–7	–7

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	75	74	74
	Uncollected payments:
3060	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1	–7	–4	–5
3070	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	3	–1

3090	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year	–4	–5	–5
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	82	71	69
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	71	69	69

	Financing authority and disbursements, net:
	Discretionary:
	Additional offsets against gross financing authority only:
4050	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired		1
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	110	103	115
	Financing disbursements:
4110	Outlays, gross (total)	98	97	108
	Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120	Upward Reestimate	–78	–69
4120	Subsidy from Program Account	–28	–31	–36
4120	Upward Modification	–47	–4
4122	Interest on uninvested funds	–3
4123	Payment of Principal	–14	–54	–60
4123	Interest Received	–2	–6	–16

4130	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–172	–164	–112
	Additional offsets against financing authority only (total):
4140	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	3	–1

4160	Budget authority, net (mandatory)	–59	–62	3
4170	Outlays, net (mandatory)	–74	–67	–4
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	–59	–61	3
4190	Outlays, net (total)	–74	–67	–4


Identification code 091–4290–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111	Direct loan obligations from current-year authority	86	82	88

1150	Total direct loan obligations	86	82	88

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	764	783	805
1231	Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements	75	76	81
1251	Repayments: Repayments and prepayments	–15	–54	–61
1264	Other adjustments, net (+ or -)	–41

1290	Outstanding, end of year	783	805	825

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the TEACH Grant program. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.


Identification code 091–4290–0–3–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
1101	Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury	41	40
	Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401	Direct loans receivable, gross	764	783
1402	Interest receivable	88	70
1405	Allowance for subsidy cost (-)	–182	–256

1499	Net present value of assets related to direct loans	670	597

1999	Total assets	711	637
	LIABILITIES:
	Federal liabilities:
2101	Accounts payable
2103	Debt	711	637

2999	Total liabilities	711	637
	NET POSITION:
3300	Cumulative results of operations

4999	Total liabilities and net position	711	637


Identification code 091–5557–0–2–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

0100	Balance, start of year			1
	Receipts:
	Current law:
1130	Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection	4	12	16

2000	Total: Balances and receipts	4	12	17
	Appropriations:
	Current law:
2101	Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection	–4	–11	–11
2103	Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection		–1	–1
2132	Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection		1	1

2199	Total current law appropriations	–4	–11	–11

2999	Total appropriations	–4	–11	–11

5099	Balance, end of year		1	6


Identification code 091–5557–0–2–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection	1	3	3

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 25.2)	1	3	3

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	9	8	12
1022	Capital transfer of unobligated balances to general fund	–4	–3	–3

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	5	5	9
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1201	Appropriation (special or trust fund)	4	11	11
1203	Appropriation (previously unavailable)(special or trust)		1	1
1232	Appropriations and/or unobligated balance of appropriations temporarily reduced		–1	–1
1240	Capital transfer of appropriations to general fund		–1	–1

1260	Appropriations, mandatory (total)	4	10	10
1930	Total budgetary resources available	9	15	19
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	8	12	16

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	1	3	3
3020	Outlays (gross)	–1	–3	–3

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	4	10	10
	Outlays, gross:
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances	1	3	3
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	4	10	10
4190	Outlays, net (total)	1	3	3


Identification code 091–4257–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0102	Obligations, non-Federal	3,916	3,839	1,464

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 42.0)	3,916	3,839	1,464

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	1,943	1,913	971
	Budget authority:
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	3,899	2,897	1,424
1820	Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund	–13

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	3,886	2,897	1,424
1930	Total budgetary resources available	5,829	4,810	2,395
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	1,913	971	931

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	3,916	3,839	1,464
3020	Outlays (gross)	–3,916	–3,839	–1,464

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	3,886	2,897	1,424
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	3,837	2,798	1,359
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances	79	1,041	105

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	3,916	3,839	1,464
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120	Federal sources	–3,837	–2,897	–1,424
4123	Non-Federal sources	–62

4130	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–3,899	–2,897	–1,424

4160	Budget authority, net (mandatory)	–13
4170	Outlays, net (mandatory)	17	942	40
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	–13
4190	Outlays, net (total)	17	942	40

The Higher Education Amendments of 1998 clarified that reserve funds held by public and non-profit guaranty agencies participating in the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program are Federal property. These reserves are used to pay default claims from FFEL lenders and fees to support agency efforts to avert defaults. The Federal Government reimburses these reserves for default claim payments. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, increased guaranty agency reinsurance payments from 95 percent of the face value of loans to 100 percent. The following schedule reflects the balances in these guaranty agency funds.


Identification code 091–4257–0–3–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
1101	Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury	1,943	1,943

1999	Total assets	1,943	1,943
	LIABILITIES:
2104	Federal liabilities: Resources payable to Treasury
	NET POSITION:
3300	Cumulative results of operations	1,943	1,943

4999	Total liabilities and net position	1,943	1,943


Identification code 091–0243–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
	Credit program obligations:
0701	Direct loan subsidy	5,197	9,415	15,314
0703	Subsidy for modifications of direct loans	70,861	12,369
0705	Reestimates of direct loan subsidy	47,241	22,331
0706	Interest on reestimates of direct loan subsidy	6,434	4,376

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	129,733	48,491	15,314

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation		50
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation (indefinite)	129,733	48,441	15,314
1900	Budget authority (total)	129,733	48,491	15,314
1930	Total budgetary resources available	129,733	48,491	15,314

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	2,046	1,304	1,975
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	129,733	48,491	15,314
3020	Outlays (gross)	–130,044	–47,820	–13,811
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–431

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	1,304	1,975	3,478
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	2,046	1,304	1,975
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	1,304	1,975	3,478

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross		50
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	129,733	48,441	15,314
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	129,110	47,428	13,135
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances	934	392	676

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	130,044	47,820	13,811
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	129,733	48,491	15,314
4190	Outlays, net (total)	130,044	47,820	13,811

Summary of Loan Levels, Subsidy Budget Authority and Outlays by Program (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0243–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct loan levels supportable by subsidy budget authority:
115001	Stafford	20,070	18,278	18,096
115002	Unsubsidized Stafford	55,953	53,281	53,134
115003	PLUS	23,582	23,830	24,277
115004	Consolidation	22,480	27,548	29,578

115999	Total direct loan levels	122,085	122,937	125,085
	Direct loan subsidy (in percent):
132001	Stafford	7.40	7.98	12.18
132002	Unsubsidized Stafford	–1.83	2.25	6.57
132003	PLUS	–15.94	–14.15	–10.63
132004	Consolidation	16.51	24.53	32.52

132999	Weighted average subsidy rate	0.34	4.92	10.18
	Direct loan subsidy budget authority:
133001	Stafford	1,485	1,459	2,204
133002	Unsubsidized Stafford	–1,024	1,199	3,491
133003	PLUS	–3,759	–3,372	–2,581
133004	Consolidation	3,711	6,758	9,619

133999	Total subsidy budget authority	413	6,044	12,733
	Direct loan subsidy outlays:
134001	Stafford	1,689	1,292	1,746
134002	Unsubsidized Stafford	–466	467	2,453
134003	PLUS	–3,352	–3,374	–2,699
134004	Consolidation	3,717	6,764	9,612
134005	Federal Direct Student Loans	70,811	2,221

134999	Total subsidy outlays	72,399	7,370	11,112
	Direct loan reestimates:
135005	Federal Direct Student Loans	52,836	13,005

135999	Total direct loan reestimates	52,836	13,005

The Federal Government manages two major student loan programs: the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program and the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) program. The Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act eliminated the authorization to originate new FFEL loans; as of July 1, 2010, the Direct Loan program originates all new loans. This narrative outlines the structure of these two programs and provides text tables displaying program cost data; loan volume, subsidy, default, and interest rates; and other descriptive information.

From its inception in 1965 through the end of June 2010, the FFEL program guaranteed almost $899 billion in loans made to postsecondary students and their parents. Although no new FFEL loans have been originated since July 1, 2010, nearly $150 billion of outstanding FFEL loans continue to be serviced by lenders, the Department of Education, and guaranty agencies.

Under the Direct Loan program, the Federal Government provides loan capital through the Treasury while the Department of Education loan origination and servicing is handled by private and not-for-profit loan servicers under performance-based contracts with the Department. The Direct Loan program began operation in award year 1994–1995, originating 7 percent of overall loan volume. In 2023, excluding Consolidation Loans, the Direct Loan program will make $85.01 billion in new loans.

The Direct Loan program currently offers four types of loans: Subsidized Stafford; Unsubsidized Stafford; PLUS; and Consolidation. Loans can be used for qualified educational expenses. Undergraduates with financial need may receive a Subsidized Stafford loan (graduate and professional students are not eligible). The other three loan programs are available to borrowers at all income levels. Interest rates are set annually for loans originated in the upcoming award year based on the 10-year Treasury note; those rates will remain fixed for the life of the loan. For Subsidized Stafford loans available to undergraduates, the interest rate will be equal to the 10-year Treasury note plus 2.05 percent and capped at 8.25 percent. Loans originated in award year 2021–2022 have an interest rate of 3.73 percent. Interest payments for these loans are fully subsidized by the Federal Government while a student is in school and during grace and deferment periods. The interest rate on new Unsubsidized Stafford loans for undergraduate borrowers is the same as that on Subsidized Stafford loans for undergraduates. The Unsubsidized Stafford loan interest rate for graduate and professional students is equal to the 10-year Treasury note plus 3.6 percent and capped at 9.5 percent. Loans originated in award year 2021–2022 have an interest rate of 5.28 percent. The borrower interest rate on PLUS loans to graduate and professional students and parents of undergraduate borrowers is equal to the 10-year Treasury note plus 4.6 percent and capped at 10.5 percent. PLUS loans originated in award year 2021–2022 have an interest rate of 6.28 percent.

Consolidation loans allow borrowers to combine FFEL, Direct Loans, and Perkins Loans, as well as some loans made under the Public Health Service Act. The interest rate for new Consolidation loans equals the weighted average of the interest rate on the loans consolidated, rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of a percent. For most types of Direct Loans, the origination fee is a base rate of 1 percent, but an additional surcharge for sequestration was added in years 2013 to 2021. The base origination fee for PLUS loans is 4 percent, but has included an additional surcharge in years 2013 to 2021. Borrowers may choose from four basic types of repayment plans: standard; graduated; extended (available for qualified borrowers who have outstanding loans of more than $30,000); and income-driven. FFEL borrowers may change repayment plans annually. Direct Loan borrowers may switch between repayment plans at any time. The maximum repayment period is 10 years for standard and graduated plans, as well as the income-sensitive repayment plan that is available only for FFEL loans. Under the current income-driven administrative Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and statutory Income-Based-Repayment (IBR) plans, for new borrowers after 2014, the repayment period is 20 years. Under the current income-driven administrative REPAYE plan, the repayment period is 20 or 25 years depending on whether the borrower has any graduate school loans. And, under the extended, former IBR (for borrowers prior to 2014), and income-contingent repayment plans, the maximum time is 25 years. PAYE and IBR require partial financial hardship in order to qualify for reduced payments and borrowers in those plans have their monthly payments capped at the monthly payment of the 10-year Standard plan. At the end of the repayment term, the borrower's remaining balance is forgiven.

Federal student loans have other benefits. For example, Federal student loans can be discharged when borrowers die, become totally and permanently disabled, or, under some circumstances, declare bankruptcy. In addition, there are several loan forgiveness programs. For example, new borrowers after October 1, 1998, who are employed as teachers in schools serving low-income populations for 5 consecutive, complete school years, qualify for up to $5,000 in loan forgiveness; this benefit is increased to $17,500 for mathematics, science, and special education teachers considered highly qualified under criteria established in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. In addition, under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program, qualifying borrowers who have worked for 10 years full-time for an eligible public service employer, and made 120 qualifying monthly payments after October 1, 2007 in the standard or income-driven plans can have any remaining loan balance forgiven. This benefit is only available in the Direct Loan program, though FFEL borrowers may receive the benefit by taking out a Direct Consolidation Loan. Forgiveness is available for all Direct Loan borrowers, regardless of when they took out their loans.

On Oct. 6, 2021, the Department of Education announced a pandemic-related waiver to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program statute. The limited waiver impacted student loan borrowers with Direct Loans, those who have already consolidated into the Direct Loan Program, and those who consolidate into the Direct Loan Program by Oct. 31, 2022. Under the new temporary rules, any prior period of repayment will count as a qualifying payment, regardless of loan program, repayment plan, or whether the payment was made in full or on time.

The following tables display performance indicators and program data, including projected overall Direct Loan and FFEL costs.


	2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

PROGRAM COST:
FFEL:
Liquidating1	$0	($142,991)	($212,722)
Program:
Net Reestimate of Prior Year Costs	3,192,111	9,797,237	0
Net Modification2	6,112,293	2,157,407	0
Subtotal, Program	9,304,404	11,954,645	0
Total, FFEL	9,304,404	11,811,654	(212,722)
Direct Loans:
Program:
New Net Loan Subsidies	413,686	6,042,991	12,733,042
Net Reestimate of Prior Year Costs	52,835,898	13,004,854	0
Net Modification3	70,861,525	2,221,570	0
Total, Direct Loans	124,111,109	21,269,415	12,733,042
Total, FFEL and Direct Loans	133,415,513	33,081,069	12,520,320
PROGRAM COST OUTLAYS:
FFEL:
Liquidating1	(73,374)	(142,991)	(212,722)
Program:
Net Reestimate of Prior Year Costs	3,192,111	9,797,237	0
Net Modification2	6,112,293	2,157,407	0
Subtotal, Program	9,304,404	11,954,645	0
Total, FFEL	9,231,030	11,811,654	(212,722)
Direct Loans:
Program:
Regular	1,587,764	5,146,489	11,111,824
Net Reestimate of Prior Year Costs	52,835,898	13,004,854	0
Net Modification3	70,861,525	2,221,570	0
Total, Direct Loans	125,285,187	20,372,914	11,111,824
Total, FFEL and Direct Loans	134,516,217	32,184,567	10,899,102


	2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

Direct Loans:
Stafford	25.34	26.23	27.32
Unsubsidized Stafford
Undergraduate	29.90	31.46	32.23
Graduate/Professional	12.89	14.03	13.62
PLUS
Parent PLUS	12.80	15.07	15.23
Grad PLUS	10.13	10.27	10.32
Consolidation	16.92	16.47	17.03
Weighted Average, Direct Loans	18.26	18.91	19.18


	2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

FFEL:
Payments to lenders:
Interest benefits	$614,646	$18,476	$5,689
Special allowance payments1	(2,405,579)	(401,288)	(174,628)
Default claims	2,783,884	883,238	413,944
Loan discharges	945,929	1,049,017	897,744
Teacher loan forgiveness	40,362	27,375	21,350

Administrative payments to guaranty agencies	81,393	1,015,498	60,680

Fees paid to the Department of Education:
Loan holder fees	(929,485)	(109,170)	(56,332)
Other Major Transactions:
Net default collections	(3,026,580)	(3,050,428)	(3,565,594)
Contract collection costs	6,657	8,461	18,409
Federal administrative costs	34,880	34,880	58,552
Net Cash Flow, FFEL	(1,853,893)	(523,941)	(2,320,185)
Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans (ECASLA):
Inflows	(6,350,064)	(5,850,929)	(5,482,747)
Outflows	6,483,317	6,412,471	(5,482,747)
Federal administrative costs	104,639	104,639	175,657
Net Cash Flow, ECASLA	237,892	666,180	175,657
Direct Loans:
Loan disbursements to borrowers	104,802,726	112,471,192	114,619,451
Borrower interest payments	(2,060,947)	(7,749,132)	(27,071,236)
Borrower principal payments	(32,095,343)	(51,324,766)	(76,931,973)
Borrower origination fees	(1,561,562)	(1,613,832)	(1,625,360)
Net default collections	(1,505,442)	(9,769,494)	(10,535,543)
Contract collection costs	456,090	449,828	528,059
Federal administrative costs	750,285	756,724	1,253,853
Net operating cash flows	68,785,806	43,220,520	237,251
Loan capital borrowings from Treasury	(104,802,726)	(112,471,192)	(114,619,451)
Net interest payments to Treasury	28,726,990	29,433,763	29,186,478
Principal payments to Treasury	132,870,843	80,860,862	86,425,417
Subtotal, Treasury activity	56,795,108	(2,176,567)	992,443
Net Cash Flow, Direct Loans	125,580,914	41,043,953	1,229,695

Student Loan Program Costs: Analysis of Direct Loans Including Program and Administrative Expenses (expressed as percentages)


	2021 actual1	2022 est.	2023 est.

Direct Loans:
New Loans:
Stafford	13.05	7.98	12.18
Unsubsidized Stafford
Undergraduate	9.37	0.77	4.17
Graduate/Professional	12.01	2.88	8.18
PLUS
Parent PLUS	–25.34	–36.83	–35.84
Grad PLUS	13.50	4.98	10.77
Subtotal, new loan subsidy	7.65	–0.75	3.37

Federal administrative costs	1.70	1.70	1.70
Subtotal, new loans	9.35	0.95	5.07

Consolidation Loans
Loan subsidy	22.61	24.53	32.52
Federal administrative costs	0.38	0.38	0.38
Subtotal, consolidation loans	22.99	24.91	32.90

New and Consolidation Loans
Loan subsidy	10.43	4.91	10.27
Federal administrative costs	1.45	1.45	1.45
Total, Direct Loans	11.88	6.36	11.72

The table above describes Direct Loan costs on a subsidy rate basis: program costs calculated under the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 and comparably projected estimates of Federal administrative costs. As with any long-term projection, the comparison is based on assumed future interest rates, borrower characteristics, administrative costs, and other factors over the life of the loan cohort. To the degree actual conditions differ from projections, estimated subsidy rates will change.

The Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 requires the cost of existing loan cohorts to be reestimated to reflect changes in actual and assumed borrower behavior, interest rates, and other factors. The following table shows the impact of these reestimates in FFEL and Direct Loans.


	FFEL	Direct Loans

Original Subsidy Costs	+$77.1	-$113.0
Cumulative Reestimates	–45.9	+164.3
Net Subsidy Costs	+31.1	+51.3
Total Disbursements	+898.7	+1,849.1

For Direct Loans, the net upward reestimate reflects several assumption updates, including changes to the income-driven repayment plan model. Model assumptions affecting the 2021 cohort were also updated. The Direct Loan upward net reestimate for 2022 is primarily due to updated IDR assumptions and discount rates.


Subsidies by Repayment Option	2021 actual1	2022 est.	2023 est.

Stafford:
Standard	5.35	–1.80	3.21
Extended	–0.59	–8.02	–4.22
Graduated	2.72	–4.91	–0.33
IDR2	31.53	29.13	33.92
Unsubsidized Stafford:
Standard	–5.66	–17.41	–15.09
Extended	–15.30	–28.23	–27.87
Graduated	–10.91	–23.92	–22.42
IDR	32.02	27.62	34.09
PLUS:
Standard	–21.77	–33.08	–32.46
Extended	–35.00	–47.74	–48.53
Graduated	–38.90	–51.68	–51.42
IDR	33.41	27.53	34.92
Consolidated:
Standard	–11.12	–11.12	–7.39
Extended	–40.55	–38.36	–25.10
Graduated	–46.89	–44.15	–30.94
IDR	39.04	38.51	44.85


Volumes by Repayment Option	2021 actual1	2022 est.	2023 est.

Stafford:
Standard	$9,930	$9,590	$9,683
Extended	416	439	408
Graduated	2,409	2,310	2,352
IDR2	5,785	5,940	5,652
Unsubsidized Stafford:
Standard	20,707	21,403	20,799
Extended	1,789	1,865	1,810
Graduated	5,818	5,795	5,856
IDR	24,428	24,218	24,669
PLUS:
Standard	11,719	11,504	12,008
Extended	963	1,039	981
Graduated	2,306	2,597	2,350
IDR	8,537	8,690	8,939
Consolidated:
Standard	30	21	33
Extended	3,147	3,855	3,682
Graduated	1,210	1,352	1,391
IDR	17,276	22,320	24,472


Identification code 091–4253–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0301	Consolidation loans-Payment of Orig. Services	13	24	24
0401	Payment of contract collection costs	456	450	528
	Credit program obligations:
0710	Direct loan obligations	122,086	122,938	125,085
0713	Payment of interest to Treasury	32,957	29,434	29,186
0740	Negative subsidy obligations	4,783	3,372	2,581
0741	Modification savings		10,098
0742	Downward reestimates paid to receipt accounts	431	13,104
0743	Interest on downward reestimates	408	598

0791	Direct program activities, subtotal	160,665	179,544	156,852

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	161,134	180,018	157,404

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	3,379	2,080	681
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	15,811	16,048	16,289
1023	Unobligated balances applied to repay debt	–4,984	–2,080
1024	Unobligated balance of borrowing authority withdrawn	–13,558	–16,048	–16,289
1033	Recoveries of prior year paid obligations	22

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	670		681
	Financing authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	182	1,286
	Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400	Borrowing authority	127,015	141,309	113,079
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	171,477	118,276	129,975
1801	Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources	–543	828	760
1820	Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund	–2,716	–139
1825	Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt	–132,871	–80,861	–86,425

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	35,347	38,104	44,310
1900	Budget authority (total)	162,544	180,699	157,389
1930	Total budgetary resources available	163,214	180,699	158,070
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	2,080	681	666

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	58,766	60,334	58,122
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	161,134	180,018	157,404
3020	Outlays (gross)	–143,755	–166,182	–144,361
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–15,811	–16,048	–16,289

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	60,334	58,122	54,876
	Uncollected payments:
3060	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1	–934	–391	–1,219
3070	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	543	–828	–760

3090	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year	–391	–1,219	–1,979
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	57,832	59,943	56,903
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	59,943	56,903	52,897

	Financing authority and disbursements, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	162,544	180,699	157,389
	Financing disbursements:
4110	Outlays, gross (total)	143,755	166,182	144,361
	Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120	Upward reestimate	–47,241	–22,331
4120	Upward reestimate, interest	–6,434	–4,376
4120	Upward TPD Mod	–18,690
4120	Upward FY22 Mods		–12,319
4120	Upward COVID Executive Authority Mod	–51,999
4120	Upward Faith-Based Mod	–122
4120	Program Subsidy	–5,558	–8,793	–13,811
4122	Interest on uninvested funds	–4,230
4123	Repayment of principal, Stafford	–6,084	–12,123	–17,582
4123	Interest received on loans, Stafford	–172	–1,072	–3,587
4123	Origination Fees, Stafford	–166	–170	–168
4123	Other fees, Stafford	–15
4123	Repayment of principal, Unsubsidized Stafford	–14,875	–27,163	–37,503
4123	Interest received on loans, Unsubsidized Stafford	–938	–2,428	–8,777
4123	Origination Fees, Unsubsidized Stafford	–474	–489	–489
4123	Other fees, Unsubsidized Stafford	–18
4123	Repayment of principal, PLUS	–7,049	–11,256	–20,400
4123	Interest received on loans, PLUS	–719	–973	–4,792
4123	Origination Fees, PLUS	–922	–955	–968
4123	Other fees, PLUS	–5
4123	Payment of principal, Consolidation	–5,323	–10,553	–11,983
4123	Interest received on loans, Consolidation	–448	–3,275	–9,915
4123	Other fees, Consolidation	–17

4130	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–171,499	–118,276	–129,975
	Additional offsets against financing authority only (total):
4140	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	543	–828	–760
4143	Recoveries of prior year paid obligations, unexpired accounts	22

4150	Additional offsets against budget authority only (total)	565	–828	–760

4160	Budget authority, net (mandatory)	–8,390	61,595	26,654
4170	Outlays, net (mandatory)	–27,744	47,906	14,386
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	–8,390	61,595	26,654
4190	Outlays, net (total)	–27,744	47,906	14,386


Identification code 091–4253–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	STAFFORD
	Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111	Direct loan obligations from current-year authority	20,070	18,279	18,096

1150	Total direct loan obligations	20,070	18,279	18,096

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	242,061	251,477	254,402
1231	Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements	16,068	16,085	15,890
1251	Repayments: Repayments and prepayments	–6,084	–12,123	–17,582
1261	Adjustments: Capitalized interest	653	36	43
1264	Other adjustments, net (+ or -)	–1,221	–1,073	–873

1290	Outstanding, end of year	251,477	254,402	251,880

	UNSUBSIDIZED STAFFORD
	Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111	Direct loan obligations from current-year authority	55,953	53,281	53,134

1150	Total direct loan obligations	55,953	53,281	53,134

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	420,709	450,191	468,575
1231	Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements	45,409	46,265	46,255
1251	Repayments: Repayments and prepayments	–14,875	–27,163	–37,503
1261	Adjustments: Capitalized interest	1,135	1,772	3,006
1264	Other adjustments, net (+ or -)	–2,187	–2,490	–2,306

1290	Outstanding, end of year	450,191	468,575	478,027

	PLUS
	Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111	Direct loan obligations from current-year authority	23,582	23,830	24,277

1150	Total direct loan obligations	23,582	23,830	24,277

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	152,877	167,247	177,825
1231	Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements	21,818	22,583	22,907
1251	Repayments: Repayments and prepayments	–7,049	–11,256	–20,399
1261	Adjustments: Capitalized interest	412	450	916
1264	Other adjustments, net (+ or -)	–811	–1,199	–1,232

1290	Outstanding, end of year	167,247	177,825	180,017

	CONSOLIDATION
	Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111	Direct loan obligations from current-year authority	22,481	27,548	29,578

1150	Total direct loan obligations	22,481	27,548	29,578

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	409,169	423,299	437,569
1231	Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements	21,508	27,539	29,568
1251	Repayments: Repayments and prepayments	–5,322	–10,553	–11,982
1264	Other adjustments, net (+ or -)	–2,056	–2,716	–2,585

1290	Outstanding, end of year	423,299	437,569	452,570

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from Federal Direct Student Loans. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.


Identification code 091–4253–0–3–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
	Federal assets:
1101	Fund balances with Treasury	13,483	20,788
	Investments in U.S. securities:
1106	Receivables, net	50,856	20,575
1206	Non-Federal assets: Receivables, net	174	217
	Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401	Direct loans receivable, gross	1,224,816	1,292,214
1402	Interest receivable	92,133	86,486
1405	Allowance for subsidy cost (-)	–216,406	–273,866

1499	Net present value of assets related to direct loans	1,100,543	1,104,834
1901	Other Federal assets: Other assets

1999	Total assets	1,165,056	1,146,414
	LIABILITIES:
	Federal liabilities:
2101	Accounts payable
2103	Debt	1,160,099	1,142,195
2105	Other	1,773	303
2201	Non-Federal liabilities: Accounts payable	3,184	3,916

2999	Total liabilities	1,165,056	1,146,414
	NET POSITION:
3300	Cumulative results of operations

4999	Total liabilities and net position	1,165,056	1,146,414


Identification code 091–0231–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
	Credit program obligations:
0703	Subsidy for modifications of direct loans	2,948	661
0704	Subsidy for modifications of loan guarantees	3,164	2,044
0705	Reestimates of direct loan subsidy	940	897
0706	Interest on reestimates of direct loan subsidy	402	428
0707	Reestimates of loan guarantee subsidy	1,194	3,866
0708	Interest on reestimates of loan guarantee subsidy	1,245	4,606

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	9,893	12,502

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	9,893	12,502
1930	Total budgetary resources available	9,893	12,502

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	9,893	12,502
3020	Outlays (gross)	–9,893	–12,502

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	9,893	12,502
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	9,893	12,502
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	9,893	12,502
4190	Outlays, net (total)	9,893	12,502

Summary of Loan Levels, Subsidy Budget Authority and Outlays by Program (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0231–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct loan subsidy outlays:
134010	Direct Participation Agreement Reestimates	1,879	131
134012	Direct Standard Put Reestimates	1,069	76

134999	Total subsidy outlays	2,948	207
	Direct loan reestimates:
135010	Direct Participation Agreement Reestimates	838	859
135012	Direct Standard Put Reestimates	505	467

135999	Total direct loan reestimates	1,343	1,326
	Guaranteed loan subsidy outlays:
234006	FFEL Guarantees	3,164	1,950

234999	Total subsidy outlays	3,164	1,950
	Guaranteed loan reestimates:
235006	FFEL Guarantees	1,849	8,472

235999	Total guaranteed loan reestimates	1,849	8,472

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this program account records the subsidy costs associated with Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL), formerly guaranteed student loans, committed in 1992 and beyond. Beginning with the 1993 cohort of loans, mandatory administrative costs, specifically contract collection costs, are included in the FFEL subsidy estimates of each year's cohort. Subsidy amounts are estimated on a net present value basis.

A description of the FFEL program and accompanying tables are included under the Federal Direct Student Loan program account.


Identification code 091–4251–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0101	Default claims	516	252	167
0103	Interest benefits	280	15	6
0104	Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims	97	82	44
0105	Teacher loan forgiveness, other write-offs	12
0107	Contract collection costs	3	3	5
0109	Rehab purchase fee		4	5
0110	Guaranty Agency account maintenance fees	11	17

0191	Subtotal, Stafford loans	919	373	227
0202	Default claims	614	326	220
0203	Special allowance		1	1
0204	Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims	135	93	66
0205	Teacher loan forgiveness, other write-offs	7
0207	Contract collection costs	3	3	5
0209	Rehab purchase fee		3	4
0210	Guaranty Agency account maintenance fees	11	13

0291	Subtotal, Unsubsidized Stafford loans	770	439	296
0301	Default claims	101	43	19
0304	Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims	54	19	15
0307	Contract Collection Costs		1	1
0309	Rehab purchase fee		1	1
0310	Guaranty Agency account maintenance fees	3	1

0391	Subtotal, PLUS loans	158	65	36
0405	Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims		4	3

0491	Subtotal, SLS loans		4	3
0501	Default claims	1,541	250	8
0502	Special allowance		4	5
0503	Interest benefits	148	1
0504	Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims	648	840	771
0505	Teacher loan forgiveness, other write-offs	22
0507	Contract collection costs	4	6	8
0509	Rehab purchase fee		5	5
0510	Guaranty Agency account maintenance fees	54	37
0511	Guaranty Agency Covid Reimbursement		949

0591	Subtotal, Consolidations loans	2,417	2,092	797
	Credit program obligations:
0713	Payment of interest to Treasury	2,099	1,274	396
0741	Modification savings		93
0742	Downward reestimates paid to receipt accounts	267
0743	Interest on downward reestimates	322

0791	Direct program activities, subtotal	2,688	1,367	396

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	6,952	4,340	1,755

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	18,734	19,594	29,208
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	826
1033	Recoveries of prior year paid obligations	236

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	19,796	19,594	29,208
	Financing authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation		14
	Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400	Borrowing authority	1,430	93
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	12,592	13,892	3,801
1820	Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund	–359	–45
1825	Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt	–6,913

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	5,320	13,847	3,801
1900	Budget authority (total)	6,750	13,954	3,801
1930	Total budgetary resources available	26,546	33,548	33,009
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	19,594	29,208	31,254

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	1,068	379	382
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	6,952	4,340	1,755
3020	Outlays (gross)	–6,815	–4,337	–1,934
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–826

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	379	382	203
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	1,068	379	382
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	379	382	203

	Financing authority and disbursements, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	6,750	13,954	3,801
	Financing disbursements:
4110	Outlays, gross (total)	6,815	4,337	1,934
	Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120	Upward reestimate	–1,194	–3,866
4120	Interest on upward reestimate	–1,245	–4,606
4120	Upward TPD Mod	–2,163
4120	Upward COVID Executive Authority Mod	–1,001
4120	Upward CY Mods		–2,043
4122	Interest on uninvested funds	–1,236
4123	Stafford recoveries on defaults	–718	–565	–793
4123	Stafford other fees	–22
4123	Stafford special allowance rebate	–498	–46	–14
4123	Unsubsidized Stafford recoveries on default	–743	–624	–873
4123	Unsubsidized Stafford other fees	–23
4123	Unsubsidized Stafford special allowance rebate	–696	–120	–45
4123	PLUS recoveries on defaults	–93	–84	–118
4123	PLUS other fees	–3
4123	PLUS special allowance rebate	–226	–10	–4
4123	SLS recoveries on defaults	–5	–1	–1
4123	Consolidation recoveries on defaults	–1,196	–1,589	–1,781
4123	Consolidation loan holders fee	–930	–109	–56
4123	Consolidation other fees	–37
4123	Consolidation special allowance rebate	–799	–229	–116

4130	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–12,828	–13,892	–3,801
	Additional offsets against financing authority only (total):
4143	Recoveries of prior year paid obligations, unexpired accounts	236

4160	Budget authority, net (mandatory)	–5,842	62
4170	Outlays, net (mandatory)	–6,013	–9,555	–1,867
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	–5,842	62
4190	Outlays, net (total)	–6,013	–9,555	–1,867


Identification code 091–4251–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	STAFFORD
	Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210	Outstanding, start of year	15,475	14,605	13,487
2251	Repayments and prepayments	–902	–784	–724
	Adjustments:
2261	Terminations for default that result in loans receivable	–516	–252	–167
2263	Terminations for default that result in claim payments	–97	–82	–44
2264	Other adjustments, net	645

2290	Outstanding, end of year	14,605	13,487	12,552

	Memorandum:
2299	Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year	14,605	13,487	12,552

	Addendum:
	Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310	Outstanding, start of year	3,452	3,199	2,726
2331	Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims	516	252	167
2351	Repayments of loans receivable	–718	–565	–793
2361	Write-offs of loans receivable	–97	–260	–189
2364	Other adjustments, net	46	100	100

2390	Outstanding, end of year	3,199	2,726	2,011

	UNSUBSIDIZED STAFFORD
	Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210	Outstanding, start of year	19,366	18,301	16,899
2251	Repayments and prepayments	–1,129	–983	–907
	Adjustments:
2261	Terminations for default that result in loans receivable	–614	–326	–220
2263	Terminations for default that result in claim payments	–135	–93	–66
2264	Other adjustments, net	813

2290	Outstanding, end of year	18,301	16,899	15,706

	Memorandum:
2299	Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year	18,301	16,899	15,706

	Addendum:
	Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310	Outstanding, start of year	9,385	9,254	8,825
2331	Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims	614	326	220
2351	Repayments of loans receivable	–743	–624	–873
2361	Write-offs of loans receivable	–135	–131	–119
2364	Other adjustments, net	133

2390	Outstanding, end of year	9,254	8,825	8,053

	PLUS
	Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210	Outstanding, start of year	3,000	2,686	2,410
2251	Repayments and prepayments	–175	–144	–129
	Adjustments:
2261	Terminations for default that result in loans receivable	–101	–113	–83
2263	Terminations for default that result in claim payments	–54	–19	–15
2264	Other adjustments, net	16

2290	Outstanding, end of year	2,686	2,410	2,183

	Memorandum:
2299	Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year	2,686	2,410	2,183

	Addendum:
	Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310	Outstanding, start of year	37	15	94
2331	Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims	101	113	83
2351	Repayments of loans receivable	–93	–84	–118
2361	Write-offs of loans receivable	–54	–10	–10
2364	Other adjustments, net	24	60	60

2390	Outstanding, end of year	15	94	109

	SLS
	Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210	Outstanding, start of year	40	59	52
2251	Repayments and prepayments	–2	–3	–3
	Adjustments:
2261	Terminations for default that result in loans receivable
2263	Terminations for default that result in claim payments		–4	–3
2264	Other adjustments, net	21

2290	Outstanding, end of year	59	52	46

	Memorandum:
2299	Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year	59	52	46

	Addendum:
	Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310	Outstanding, start of year	281	280	275
2331	Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims
2351	Repayments of loans receivable	–5	–1
2361	Write-offs of loans receivable		–4	–3
2364	Other adjustments, net	4

2390	Outstanding, end of year	280	275	272

	CONSOLIDATION
	Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210	Outstanding, start of year	89,800	81,610	76,138
2251	Repayments and prepayments	–5,235	–4,382	–4,089
	Adjustments:
2261	Terminations for default that result in loans receivable	–1,541	–250	–8
2263	Terminations for default that result in claim payments	–648	–840	–771
2264	Other adjustments, net	–766

2290	Outstanding, end of year	81,610	76,138	71,270

	Memorandum:
2299	Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year	81,610	76,138	71,270

	Addendum:
	Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310	Outstanding, start of year	19,902	19,865	17,987
2331	Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims	1,541	250	8
2351	Repayments of loans receivable	–1,196	–1,588	–1,781
2361	Write-offs of loans receivable	–648	–840	–770
2364	Other adjustments, net	266	300	250

2390	Outstanding, end of year	19,865	17,987	15,694

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from Federal Family Education Loans, formerly guaranteed student loans, committed in 1992 and beyond. The amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.


Identification code 091–4251–0–3–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
	Federal assets:
1101	Fund balances with Treasury	19,802	19,972
	Investments in U.S. securities:
1106	Receivables, net	1,522	6,842
1206	Non-Federal assets: Receivables, net	14	5
	Net value of assets related to post-1991 acquired defaulted guaranteed loans receivable:
1501	Defaulted guaranteed loans receivable, gross	33,057	32,613
1502	Interest receivable	9,117	9,298
1505	Allowance for subsidy cost (-)	–22,286	–26,735

1599	Net present value of assets related to defaulted guaranteed loans	19,888	15,176
1901	Other Federal assets: Other assets	2

1999	Total assets	41,228	41,995
	LIABILITIES:
	Federal liabilities:
2101	Accounts payable	74
2103	Debt	40,190	34,707
2105	Other		1
	Non-Federal liabilities:
2201	Accounts payable	83	35
2204	Liabilities for loan guarantees	881	7,252

2999	Total liabilities	41,228	41,995
	NET POSITION:
3300	Cumulative results of operations

4999	Total liabilities and net position	41,228	41,995


Identification code 091–4453–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0006	Contract collection costs	20	32	28
	Credit program obligations:
0713	Payment of interest to Treasury	950	963	815
0741	Modification savings		290

0791	Direct program activities, subtotal	950	1,253	815

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	970	1,285	843

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	306	67	421
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	2
1023	Unobligated balances applied to repay debt	–308	–67

1070	Unobligated balance (total)			421
	Financing authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	37	60
	Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400	Borrowing authority	31	290
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	4,004	3,844	3,490
1825	Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt	–3,035	–2,488	–2,647

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	969	1,356	843
1900	Budget authority (total)	1,037	1,706	843
1930	Total budgetary resources available	1,037	1,706	1,264
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	67	421	421

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	10	5	5
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	970	1,285	843
3020	Outlays (gross)	–973	–1,285	–843
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–2

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	5	5	5
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	10	5	5
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	5	5	5

	Financing authority and disbursements, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	1,037	1,706	843
	Financing disbursements:
4110	Outlays, gross (total)	973	1,285	843
	Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120	Upward reestimate	–586	–579
4120	Upward reestimate interest	–252	–280
4120	FY22 Mods		–421
4120	Upward COVID Executive Action Mod	–1,879
4122	Interest on uninvested funds	–57
4123	Principal repayments	–1,063	–2,303	–2,793
4123	Interest repayments	–165	–261	–697
4123	Fees and other refunds	–2

4130	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–4,004	–3,844	–3,490

4160	Budget authority, net (mandatory)	–2,967	–2,138	–2,647
4170	Outlays, net (mandatory)	–3,031	–2,559	–2,647
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	–2,967	–2,138	–2,647
4190	Outlays, net (total)	–3,031	–2,559	–2,647


Identification code 091–4453–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	30,683	29,178	26,759
1251	Repayments: Repayments and prepayments	–1,063	–2,303	–2,793
1264	Other adjustments, net (+ or -)	–442	–116	–107

1290	Outstanding, end of year	29,178	26,759	23,859

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the participation interest program authorized under the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.


Identification code 091–4453–0–3–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
	Federal assets:
1101	Fund balances with Treasury	316	71
	Investments in U.S. securities:
1106	Receivables, net	1,300	860
	Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401	Direct loans receivable, gross	30,683	29,178
1402	Interest receivable	6,003	5,774
1405	Allowance for subsidy cost (-)	–6,422	–7,315

1499	Net present value of assets related to direct loans	30,264	27,637
1901	Other Federal assets: Other assets	1	1

1999	Total assets	31,881	28,569
	LIABILITIES:
	Federal liabilities:
2101	Accounts payable
2103	Debt	31,881	28,569
2105	Other
2201	Non-Federal liabilities: Accounts payable

2999	Total liabilities	31,881	28,569
	NET POSITION:
3300	Cumulative results of operations

4999	Total liabilities and net position	31,881	28,569


Identification code 091–4449–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0005	Contract collection costs	11	18	16
	Credit program obligations:
0713	Payment of interest to Treasury	447	695	469
0741	Modification savings		164

0791	Direct program activities, subtotal	447	859	469

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	458	877	485

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	89	51	241
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	2
1023	Unobligated balances applied to repay debt	–91	–51

1070	Unobligated balance (total)			241
	Financing authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	20	34
	Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400	Borrowing authority	159	164
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	2,308	1,980	1,946
1825	Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt	–1,978	–1,060	–1,460

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	330	920	486
1900	Budget authority (total)	509	1,118	486
1930	Total budgetary resources available	509	1,118	727
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	51	241	242

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	9	5	5
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	458	877	485
3020	Outlays (gross)	–460	–877	–485
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–2

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	5	5	5
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	9	5	5
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	5	5	5

	Financing authority and disbursements, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	509	1,118	486
	Financing disbursements:
4110	Outlays, gross (total)	460	877	485
	Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120	Upward reestimate	–355	–319
4120	Upward reestimate interest	–150	–148
4120	Upward CARES Mod	–1,069
4120	Upward FY22 Mods		–240
4122	Interest on uninvested funds	–31
4123	Principal repayments	–703	–1,131	–1,596
4123	Borrower interest repayments		–142	–350

4130	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–2,308	–1,980	–1,946

4160	Budget authority, net (mandatory)	–1,799	–862	–1,460
4170	Outlays, net (mandatory)	–1,848	–1,103	–1,461
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	–1,799	–862	–1,460
4190	Outlays, net (total)	–1,848	–1,103	–1,461


Identification code 091–4449–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	16,009	15,238	14,036
1251	Repayments: Repayments and prepayments	–621	–1,131	–1,596
1264	Other adjustments, net (+ or -)	–150	–71	–68

1290	Outstanding, end of year	15,238	14,036	12,372

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the standard and short-term Put programs authorized under the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.


Identification code 091–4449–0–3–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
	Federal assets:
1101	Fund balances with Treasury	98	57
	Investments in U.S. securities:
1106	Receivables, net	740	443
	Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401	Direct loans receivable, gross	16,009	15,238
1402	Interest receivable	2,796	2,715
1405	Allowance for subsidy cost (-)	–4,102	–4,821

1499	Net present value of assets related to direct loans	14,703	13,132
1901	Other Federal assets: Other assets	2	1

1999	Total assets	15,543	13,633
	LIABILITIES:
	Federal liabilities:
2101	Accounts payable
2103	Debt	15,543	13,633
2105	Other
2201	Non-Federal liabilities: Accounts payable

2999	Total liabilities	15,543	13,633
	NET POSITION:
3300	Cumulative results of operations

4999	Total liabilities and net position	15,543	13,633


Identification code 091–4459–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0003	Contract collection costs	1	3	3
	Credit program obligations:
0713	Payment of interest to Treasury	42	40	40

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	43	43	43

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	26	6
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	10
1023	Unobligated balances applied to repay debt	–36	–6
	Financing authority:
	Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400	Borrowing authority	11	15
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	38	28	47
1825	Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt			–4

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	38	28	43
1900	Budget authority (total)	49	43	43
1930	Total budgetary resources available	49	43	43
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	6

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	11	1	1
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	43	43	43
3020	Outlays (gross)	–43	–43	–43
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–10

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	1	1	1
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	11	1	1
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	1	1	1

	Financing authority and disbursements, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	49	43	43
	Financing disbursements:
4110	Outlays, gross (total)	43	43	43
	Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4122	Interest on uninvested funds	–1
4123	Principal repayments	–31	–19	–30
4123	Interest repayments	–6	–9	–17

4130	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–38	–28	–47

4160	Budget authority, net (mandatory)	11	15	–4
4170	Outlays, net (mandatory)	5	15	–4
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	11	15	–4
4190	Outlays, net (total)	5	15	–4


Identification code 091–4459–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210	Outstanding, start of year	1,389	1,343	1,324
1251	Repayments: Repayments and prepayments	–31	–19	–30
1264	Other adjustments, net (+ or -)	–15

1290	Outstanding, end of year	1,343	1,324	1,294

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the asset-backed commercial paper conduit authorized under the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.


Identification code 091–4459–0–3–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
1101	Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury	37	7
	Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401	Direct loans receivable, gross	1,389	1,343
1402	Interest receivable	379	371
1405	Allowance for subsidy cost (-)	–435	–375

1499	Net present value of assets related to direct loans	1,333	1,339
1901	Other Federal assets: Other assets	2

1999	Total assets	1,372	1,346
	LIABILITIES:
2103	Federal liabilities: Debt	1,372	1,346
2201	Non-Federal liabilities: Accounts payable

2999	Total liabilities	1,372	1,346
	NET POSITION:
3300	Cumulative results of operations

4999	Total liabilities and net position	1,372	1,346


Identification code 091–0230–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0101	Interest benefits, net of origination fees	1	3	3
0103	Default claims	9	12	18
0104	Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims	7	8	8
0105	Contract collection costs	1	1	3

0191	Subtotal, Stafford loans	18	24	32
0201	Default claims	1	3	4
0202	Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims	1	1	2
0205	Contract collection costs	1

0291	Subtotal, PLUS/SLS loans	3	4	6

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	21	28	38

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	85	74
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	3	4
1022	Capital transfer of unobligated balances to general fund	–85	–78
1033	Recoveries of prior year paid obligations	2

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	5
	Budget authority:
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	90	171	251
1820	Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund		–143	–213

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	90	28	38
1930	Total budgetary resources available	95	28	38
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	74

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	5	4
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	21	28	38
3020	Outlays (gross)	–19	–28	–38
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–3	–4

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	4
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	5	4
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	4

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	90	28	38
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority		28	38
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances	19

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	19	28	38
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4123	Fed collections on defaulted loans, Stafford	–78	–154	–226
4123	Other collections, Stafford	–3
4123	Federal collections on defaulted loans, PLUS/SLS	–11	–17	–25

4130	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–92	–171	–251
	Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4143	Recoveries of prior year paid obligations, unexpired accounts	2

4160	Budget authority, net (mandatory)		–143	–213
4170	Outlays, net (mandatory)	–73	–143	–213
4180	Budget authority, net (total)		–143	–213
4190	Outlays, net (total)	–73	–143	–213


Identification code 091–0230–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	STAFFORD LOANS
	Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210	Outstanding, start of year	356	568	534
2251	Repayments and prepayments	–13	–13	–13
	Adjustments:
2261	Terminations for default that result in loans receivable	–9	–13	–20
2263	Terminations for default that result in claim payments	–7	–8	–9
2264	Other adjustments, net	241

2290	Outstanding, end of year	568	534	492

	Memorandum:
2299	Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year	568	534	492

	Addendum:
	Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310	Outstanding, start of year	3,128	3,138	3,049
2331	Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims	9	13	20
2351	Repayments of loans receivable	–65	–94	–71
2361	Write-offs of loans receivable	–7	–8	–9
2364	Other adjustments, net	73

2390	Outstanding, end of year	3,138	3,049	2,989

	PLUS/SLS LOANS
	Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210	Outstanding, start of year	38	79	75
2251	Repayments and prepayments	–2	–2	–2
	Adjustments:
2261	Terminations for default that result in loans receivable	–1	–1	–2
2263	Terminations for default that result in claim payments	–1	–1	–1
2264	Other adjustments, net	45

2290	Outstanding, end of year	79	75	70

	Memorandum:
2299	Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year	79	75	70

	Addendum:
	Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310	Outstanding, start of year	498	502	491
2331	Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims	1	1	2
2351	Repayments of loans receivable	–9	–11	–8
2361	Write-offs of loans receivable	–1	–1	–1
2364	Other adjustments, net	13

2390	Outstanding, end of year	502	491	484

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this liquidating account records, for this program, all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from guaranteed student loans committed prior to 1992. This account is shown on a cash basis. All new loan activity in this program for 1992 and beyond is recorded in corresponding program and financing accounts.


Identification code 091–0230–0–1–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
1101	Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury	90	78
1701	Defaulted guaranteed loans, gross	3,626	3,640
1702	Interest receivable	5,809	5,738
1703	Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (-)	–8,249	–8,418

1799	Value of assets related to loan guarantees	1,186	960

1999	Total assets	1,276	1,038
	LIABILITIES:
2104	Federal liabilities: Resources payable to Treasury	1,275	1,038
	Non-Federal liabilities:
2201	Accounts payable
2204	Liabilities for loan guarantees	1

2999	Total liabilities	1,276	1,038
	NET POSITION:
3300	Cumulative results of operations

4999	Total liabilities and net position	1,276	1,038


Identification code 091–0230–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
33.0	Investments and loans	10	15	22
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	3	4	6
42.0	Insurance claims and indemnities	8	9	10

99.0	Direct obligations	21	28	38

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	21	28	38


Identification code 091–0247–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
	Credit program obligations:
0704	Subsidy for modifications of loan guarantees	1	1
0707	Reestimates of loan guarantee subsidy		3
0708	Interest on reestimates of loan guarantee subsidy		11

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	1	15

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	1	15
1930	Total budgetary resources available	1	15

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	1	15
3020	Outlays (gross)	–1	–15

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	1	15
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	1	15
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	1	15
4190	Outlays, net (total)	1	15

Summary of Loan Levels, Subsidy Budget Authority and Outlays by Program (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0247–0–1–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Guaranteed loan subsidy outlays:
234001	HEAL Loan Guarantee	1	1
	Guaranteed loan reestimates:
235001	HEAL Loan Guarantee	–25	14

Consistent with the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 (P.L. 113–76), the Health Education Assistance Loans (HEAL) program was transferred to the Department of Education from the Department of Health and Human Services in 2014. The Department of Education assumed responsibility for the program and the authority to administer, service, collect, and enforce the program.

The HEAL program guarantees loans from private lenders to health professions students to pay for the costs of their training. As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this account records the subsidy costs associated with HEAL loan guarantees committed in 1992 and beyond (including modifications of HEAL loan guarantees that resulted from obligations or commitments in any year), as well as administrative expenses of the program.


Identification code 091–4300–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
	Credit program obligations:
0711	Default claim payments on principal		4	4
0713	Payment of interest to Treasury	2	2	2
0715	Default Collection Costs		1	1
0742	Downward reestimates paid to receipt accounts	7
0743	Interest on downward reestimates	19

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	28	7	7

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	13	9	22
1023	Unobligated balances applied to repay debt	–6

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	7	9	22
	Financing authority:
	Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400	Borrowing authority	25
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	5	20	5
1900	Budget authority (total)	30	20	5
1930	Total budgetary resources available	37	29	27
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	9	22	20

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	28	7	7
3020	Outlays (gross)	–28	–7	–6

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year			1
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3200	Obligated balance, end of year			1

	Financing authority and disbursements, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	30	20	5
	Financing disbursements:
4110	Outlays, gross (total)	28	7	6
	Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120	Federal sources	–1	–15
4122	Interest on uninvested funds	–1	–2	–2
4123	Non-Federal sources	–3	–3	–3

4130	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–5	–20	–5

4160	Budget authority, net (mandatory)	25
4170	Outlays, net (mandatory)	23	–13	1
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	25
4190	Outlays, net (total)	23	–13	1


Identification code 091–4300–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on commitments:
2143	Uncommitted limitation carried forward

2150	Total guaranteed loan commitments

	Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210	Outstanding, start of year	60	58	51
2251	Repayments and prepayments	–2	–3	–6
	Adjustments:
2261	Terminations for default that result in loans receivable		–3	–3
2263	Terminations for default that result in claim payments		–1	–1
2264	Other adjustments, net

2290	Outstanding, end of year	58	51	41

	Memorandum:
2299	Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year	58	51	41

	Addendum:
	Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310	Outstanding, start of year	140	136	135
2331	Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims		3	3
2351	Repayments and prepayments	–2	–3	–3
2361	Write-offs of loans receivable		–1	–1
2364	Other adjustments, net	–2

2390	Outstanding, end of year	136	135	134

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the Health Education Assistance Loan program. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.


Identification code 091–4300–0–3–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
1101	Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury	13	8
	Net value of assets related to post-1991 acquired defaulted guaranteed loans receivable:
1501	Defaulted guaranteed loans receivable, gross	140	136
1502	Interest receivable	20	19
1505	Allowance for subsidy cost (-)		74

1599	Net present value of assets related to defaulted guaranteed loans	160	229
1901	Other Federal assets: Other assets	42

1999	Total assets	215	237
	LIABILITIES:
2103	Federal liabilities: Debt	11	30
	Non-Federal liabilities:
2203	Debt
2204	Liabilities for loan guarantees	203	206

2999	Total liabilities	214	236
	NET POSITION:
3300	Cumulative results of operations	1	1

4999	Total liabilities and net position	215	237


Identification code 091–4299–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
	Credit program obligations:
0715	Default Collections Costs		1	1

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 33.0)		1	1

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	4	2
1022	Capital transfer of unobligated balances to general fund	–4	–2
	Budget authority:
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800	Collected	2	3	3
1820	Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund		–2	–2

1850	Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total)	2	1	1
1900	Budget authority (total)	2	1	1
1930	Total budgetary resources available	2	1	1
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	2

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts		1	1
3020	Outlays (gross)		–1	–1

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	2	1	1
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority		1	1
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4123	Non-Federal sources	–2	–3	–3
4180	Budget authority, net (total)		–2	–2
4190	Outlays, net (total)	–2	–2	–2


Identification code 091–4299–0–3–502		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210	Outstanding, start of year	6	4	3
2251	Repayments and prepayments	–2	–1	–1
	Adjustments:
2261	Terminations for default that result in loans receivable
2264	Other adjustments, net

2290	Outstanding, end of year	4	3	2

	Memorandum:
2299	Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year	4	2	2

	Addendum:
	Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310	Outstanding, start of year	256	252	249
2331	Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims
2351	Repayments of loans receivable	–2	–3	–3
2361	Write-offs of loans receivable
2364	Other adjustments, net	–2

2390	Outstanding, end of year	252	249	246

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this liquidating account records, for this program, all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from guaranteed Health Education Assistance Loans loans committed prior to 1992. This account is shown on a cash basis. All loan activity in this program for 1992 and beyond is recorded in corresponding program and financing accounts.


Identification code 091–4299–0–3–502		2020 actual	2021 actual

	ASSETS:
1101	Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury	4	2
1701	Defaulted guaranteed loans, gross	256	252
1702	Interest receivable	9	8
1703	Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (-)	–80	–76

1799	Value of assets related to loan guarantees	185	184
1901	Other Federal assets: Other assets	8

1999	Total assets	197	186
	LIABILITIES:
2104	Federal liabilities: Resources payable to Treasury	162	158
	Non-Federal liabilities:
2204	Liabilities for loan guarantees	35	36
2207	Other

2999	Total liabilities	197	194
	NET POSITION:
3300	Cumulative results of operations		–8

4999	Total liabilities and net position	197	186

Federal Funds

For carrying out activities authorized by the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002, the National Assessment of Educational Progress Authorization Act, section 208 of the Educational Technical Assistance Act of 2002, and section 664 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, $662,516,000, which shall remain available through September 30, 2024: Provided, That funds available to carry out section 208 of the Educational Technical Assistance Act may be used to link Statewide elementary and secondary data systems with early childhood, postsecondary, and workforce data systems, or to further develop such systems: Provided further, That up to $6,000,000 of the funds available to carry out section 208 of the Educational Technical Assistance Act may be used for awards to public or private organizations or agencies to support activities to improve data coordination, quality, and use at the local, State, and national levels.


Identification code 091–1100–0–1–503		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Research, development, and dissemination	187	233	224
0002	Statistics	117	108	105
0003	Regional educational laboratories	56	56	56
0004	National Assessment	146	154	146
0005	National Assessment Governing Board	7	7	7
0006	Research in special education	59	59	61
0007	Statewide longitudinal data systems	35	35	35
0008	Special education studies and evaluations	10	10	10

0100	Total direct program	617	662	644

0799	Total direct obligations	617	662	644

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	617	662	644

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	108	265	245
1001	Discretionary unobligated balance brought fwd, Oct 1	108	165
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	4

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	112	265	245
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	670	642	663
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	100
1900	Budget authority (total)	770	642	663
1930	Total budgetary resources available	882	907	908
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	265	245	264

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	588	644	691
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	617	662	644
3020	Outlays (gross)	–555	–615	–542
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–4
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–2

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	644	691	793
	Uncollected payments:
3060	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1	–2	–2	–2

3090	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year	–2	–2	–2
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	586	642	689
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	642	689	791

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	670	642	663
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	161	105	108
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	384	506	415

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	545	611	523
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	100
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	10
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances		4	19

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	10	4	19
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	770	642	663
4190	Outlays, net (total)	555	615	542

Research, development, and dissemination.—Funds support a diverse portfolio of research, development, and dissemination activities that provide parents, teachers, and schools with evidence-based information on effective educational practices.

Statistics.—Funds support the Department's statistical data collection activities, which are conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). NCES collects, analyzes, and disseminates education statistics at all levels, from preschool through postsecondary and adult education, including statistics on international education activities.

Regional educational laboratories.—Funds support a network of 10 regional laboratories that provide expert advice, including training and technical assistance, to help States and school districts apply proven research findings in their school improvement efforts.

Assessment.—Funds support the ongoing National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB). NAEP administers assessments to samples of students in order to gather reliable information about educational attainment in important academic areas. NAGB is responsible for formulating NAEP policy; developing student achievement levels; and selecting, consistent with the requirements of the statute, the subjects to be assessed.

Research in special education.—Funds support research to build the evidence base on improving special education and early intervention services and outcomes for infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities.

Statewide longitudinal data systems.—Funds support competitive grant awards to States to foster the design, development, implementation, and use of longitudinal data systems. In addition, funds would support awards to public and private agencies to improve data coordination, quality, and use at the local, State, and national levels.

Special education studies and evaluations.—Funds support studies, evaluations, and assessments related to the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in order to improve special education and early intervention services and outcomes for infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities.


Identification code 091–1100–0–1–503		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
	Personnel compensation:
11.1	Full-time permanent	1	1	1
11.3	Other than full-time permanent	1	1	1

11.9	Total personnel compensation	2	2	2
12.1	Civilian personnel benefits	1	1	1
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	38	44	24
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	269	269	279
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources	2	2	12
25.5	Research and development contracts	72	72	72
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	233	272	254

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	617	662	644


Identification code 091–1100–0–1–503		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

1001	Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment	13	13	13

Federal Funds

For carrying out, to the extent not otherwise provided, the Department of Education Organization Act, including rental of conference rooms in the District of Columbia and hire of three passenger motor vehicles, $548,000,000, of which up to $17,500,000, to remain available until expended, shall be available for relocation expenses, and for the renovation and repair of leased buildings: Provided, That, from the amount in the preceding proviso, the Secretary may use up to $5,000,000 to support a commission on the future of the teaching profession that addresses the pressing needs of the field, including making the compensation of educators competitive with similarly educated professionals, together with providing for the collection and analysis of labor market data at the State and regional levels on gaps in educators salaries and overall compensation relative to professionals with similar qualifications, including education, skills, and experience: Provided further, That, notwithstanding any other provision of law, none of the funds provided by this Act or provided by previous Appropriations Acts to the Department of Education available for obligation or expenditure in the current fiscal year may be used for any activity relating to implementing a reorganization that decentralizes, reduces the staffing level, or alters the responsibilities, structure, authority, or functionality of the Budget Service of the Department of Education, relative to the organization and operation of the Budget Service as in effect on January 1, 2018.


Identification code 091–0800–0–1–503		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

0100	Balance, start of year		1	2
	Receipts:
	Current law:
1130	Contributions	1	1	1

2000	Total: Balances and receipts	1	2	3

5099	Balance, end of year	1	2	3


Identification code 091–0800–0–1–503		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Program administration	448	430	548

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	7	23	23
1001	Discretionary unobligated balance brought fwd, Oct 1	7
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	445	430	548
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	15
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, discretionary:
1700	Collected	3
1701	Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources	1

1750	Spending auth from offsetting collections, disc (total)	4
1900	Budget authority (total)	464	430	548
1930	Total budgetary resources available	471	453	571
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	23	23	23

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	176	178	139
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	448	430	548
3011	Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts	1
3020	Outlays (gross)	–439	–469	–535
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–8

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	178	139	152
	Uncollected payments:
3060	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1	–2	–2	–2
3070	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	–1
3071	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, expired	1

3090	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year	–2	–2	–2
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	174	176	137
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	176	137	150

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	449	430	548
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	330	338	439
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	108	118	96

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	438	456	535
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4030	Federal sources	–3	–1

4040	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total)	–3	–1
	Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4050	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	–1
4052	Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts		1

4060	Additional offsets against budget authority only (total)	–1	1

4070	Budget authority, net (discretionary)	445	430	548
4080	Outlays, net (discretionary)	435	455	535
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	15
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority	1
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances		13

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	1	13
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	460	430	548
4190	Outlays, net (total)	436	468	535

The Program Administration account includes the direct Federal costs of providing grants and administering early, elementary, and secondary education; Indian education; English language acquisition; higher education; career, technical, and adult education; special education programs; and programs for persons with disabilities. It also supports assessment, statistics, and research activities.

In addition, this account includes the cost of providing centralized support and administrative services, overall policy development, and strategic planning for the Department. Included in the centralized activities are rent and mail services; telecommunications; contractual services; financial management and accounting, including payments to schools, education agencies and other grant recipients, and preparation of auditable financial statements; information technology services and security; personnel management; personnel security; budget formulation and execution; legal services; congressional and public relations; and intergovernmental affairs. Included in this account is the Department of Education's cost to relocate staff and renovate buildings occupied by Department staff.

Also included in this account are contributions from the public. Contributions not designated for a specific purpose are in the account's Gifts and Bequests Miscellaneous Fund.

Reimbursable program.—Reimbursements to this account are for providing administrative services to other agencies.


Identification code 091–0800–0–1–503		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
	Personnel compensation:
11.1	Full-time permanent	187	200	239
11.3	Other than full-time permanent	19	5	5
11.5	Other personnel compensation	5	5	5

11.9	Total personnel compensation	211	210	249
12.1	Civilian personnel benefits	72	76	90
21.0	Travel and transportation of persons	1	1	3
23.1	Rental payments to GSA	23	28	28
23.3	Communications, utilities, and miscellaneous charges	1	1	1
24.0	Printing and reproduction	1	1	1
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	1	3	4
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	29	17	31
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources	19	16	16
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment	75	72	105
26.0	Supplies and materials	1	2	1
31.0	Equipment	2	2	9
32.0	Land and structures	8	1	10

99.0	Direct obligations	444	430	548
99.5	Adjustment for rounding	4

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	448	430	548


Identification code 091–0800–0–1–503		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

1001	Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment	1,624	1,556	1,762

For expenses necessary for the Office for Civil Rights, as authorized by section 203 of the Department of Education Organization Act, $161,300,000.


Identification code 091–0700–0–1–751		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Civil rights	132	131	161

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	131	131	161
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, discretionary:
1701	Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources	1
1900	Budget authority (total)	132	131	161
1930	Total budgetary resources available	132	131	161

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	37	31	29
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	132	131	161
3020	Outlays (gross)	–137	–133	–155
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–1

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	31	29	35
	Uncollected payments:
3060	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1		–1	–1
3070	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	–1

3090	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year	–1	–1	–1
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	37	30	28
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	30	28	34

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	132	131	161
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	110	110	136
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	27	23	19

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	137	133	155
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4030	Federal sources		–1
	Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4050	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	–1
4052	Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts		1

4060	Additional offsets against budget authority only (total)	–1	1

4070	Budget authority, net (discretionary)	131	131	161
4080	Outlays, net (discretionary)	137	132	155
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	131	131	161
4190	Outlays, net (total)	137	132	155

The Office for Civil Rights is responsible for ensuring that no person is unlawfully discriminated against on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or age in the delivery of services or the provision of benefits in programs or activities of schools and institutions receiving financial assistance from the Department of Education. The authorities under which the Office for Civil Rights operates are Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (race ,color, or national origin discrimination), Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (sex discrimination), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (disability discrimination), the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (whether or not the public entity receives Federal Financial Assistance), and the Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act of 2002.


Identification code 091–0700–0–1–751		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
	Personnel compensation:
11.1	Full-time permanent	69	70	87
11.3	Other than full-time permanent	2	1	1
11.5	Other personnel compensation	1	1

11.9	Total personnel compensation	72	72	88
12.1	Civilian personnel benefits	26	27	34
21.0	Travel and transportation of persons		1	1
23.1	Rental payments to GSA	10	10	11
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	3	1	1
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources	2	3	3
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment	18	17	23

99.0	Direct obligations	131	131	161
99.5	Adjustment for rounding	1

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	132	131	161


Identification code 091–0700–0–1–751		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

1001	Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment	584	575	676

For expenses necessary for the Office of Inspector General, as authorized by section 212 of the Department of Education Organization Act, $76,452,000, of which $2,000,000 shall remain available until expended.


Identification code 091–1400–0–1–751		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Inspector General	64	72	76

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	10	18	9
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	68	63	76
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1200	Appropriation	5
1900	Budget authority (total)	73	63	76
1930	Total budgetary resources available	83	81	85
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940	Unobligated balance expiring	–1
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	18	9	9

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	18	19	19
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	64	72	76
3020	Outlays (gross)	–62	–72	–76
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–1

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	19	19	19
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	18	19	19
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	19	19	19

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	68	63	76
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	49	52	62
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	13	15	14

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	62	67	76
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	5
	Outlays, gross:
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances		5
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	73	63	76
4190	Outlays, net (total)	62	72	76

The Office of Inspector General (OIG) is an independent entity within the Department of Education responsible for identifying fraud, waste, abuse, and criminal activity involving the Department's funds, programs, and operations. The OIG conducts independent audits and other reviews to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the Department's programs and operations, recommends actions to address systemic weaknesses and improve the Department's programs and operations, and recommends changes needed in Federal laws and regulations.


Identification code 091–1400–0–1–751		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Direct obligations:
	Personnel compensation:
11.1	Full-time permanent	27	37	36
11.5	Other personnel compensation	2	1	1

11.9	Total personnel compensation	29	38	37
12.1	Civilian personnel benefits	13	16	16
21.0	Travel and transportation of persons			2
23.1	Rental payments to GSA	6	6	5
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	1
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	3	3	5
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources	3	1	2
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment	6	7	8
31.0	Equipment	3	1	1

99.9	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts	64	72	76


Identification code 091–1400–0–1–751		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

1001	Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment	228	271	253

Federal Funds


Identification code 091–0013–0–1–500		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Hurricane Education Recovery	13	1,292	67

0900	Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0)	13	1,292	67

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	1,293	1,359	67
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	79

1070	Unobligated balance (total)	1,372	1,359	67
1930	Total budgetary resources available	1,372	1,359	67
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	1,359	67

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	680	319	1,061
3010	New obligations, unexpired accounts	13	1,292	67
3020	Outlays (gross)	–295	–550	–493
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–79

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	319	1,061	635
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	680	319	1,061
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	319	1,061	635

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
	Outlays, gross:
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	295	550	493
4180	Budget authority, net (total)
4190	Outlays, net (total)	295	550	493

Funds support the following six programs authorized under Public Law 115–123: Awards to Eligible Entities for Immediate Aid to Restart School Operations; Temporary Emergency Impact Aid for Displaced Students; Assistance to Local Educational Agencies Serving Homeless Children and Youth enrolled as a result of displacement by a covered disaster or emergency; Project School Emergency Response to Violence activities authorized under section 4631(b) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, as amended; Emergency Assistance to Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) and Students Attending IHEs from an area directly affected by a covered disaster or emergency; and payments to IHEs to help defray the unexpected expenses associated with enrolling students from IHEs at which operations have been disrupted by a covered disaster or emergency. Amounts in this schedule reflect balances that are spending out from prior-year appropriations.


		2021 actual	2022 est.	2023 est.

Offsetting receipts from the public:
091–143500	General Fund Proprietary Interest Receipts, not Otherwise Classified	4	2	2
091–271810	Federal Family Education Loan Program, Negative Subsidies		547
091–271830	Federal Family Education Loan Program, Downward Reestimates of Subsidies	589
091–274130	College Housing and Academic Facilities Loan, Downward Reestimates of Subsidies	207	291
091–278110	Federal Direct Student Loan Program, Negative Subsidies	3,970	13,744	2,699
091–278130	Federal Direct Student Loan Program, Downward Reestimates of Subsidies	839	13,702
091–279410	TEACH Grant Program, Negative Subsidies		2
091–279430	TEACH Grant Program, Downward Reestimates of Subsidies	3	4
091–279830	Health Education Assistance Loans, Downward Reestimates of Subsidies	25
091–291500	Repayment of Loans, Capital Contributions, Higher Education Activities	866	771	638
091–322000	All Other General Fund Proprietary Receipts Including Budget Clearing Accounts	130	8	8
General Fund Offsetting receipts from the public		6,633	29,071	3,347


Intragovernmental payments:
091–388500	Undistributed Intragovernmental Payments and Receivables from Cancelled Accounts	–13

General Fund Intragovernmental payments		–13

(a) An institution of higher education that maintains an endowment fund supported with funds appropriated for title III or V of the HEA for fiscal year 2023 may use the income from that fund to award scholarships to students, subject to the limitation in section 331(c)(3)(B)(i) of the HEA. The use of such income for such purposes, prior to the enactment of this Act, shall be considered to have been an allowable use of that income, subject to that limitation.

(b) Subsection (a) shall be in effect until titles III and V of the HEA are reauthorized.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

Federal Funds

Education Stabilization Fund

Education for the Disadvantaged

Education for the Disadvantaged

(Legislative proposal, subject to PAYGO)

Impact aid

School improvement programs

School Improvement Programs

(Legislative proposal, not subject to PAYGO)

Safe schools and citizenship education

Indian education

Office of Innovation and Improvement

Federal Funds

Innovation and improvement

Innovation and Improvement

(Legislative proposal, not subject to PAYGO)

Office of English Language Acquisition

Federal Funds

English language acquisition

Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

Federal Funds

Special education

Rehabilitation services

AMERICAN PRINTING HOUSE FOR THE BLIND

NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

GALLAUDET UNIVERSITY

Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education

Federal Funds

Career, technical, and adult education

Office of Postsecondary Education

Federal Funds

Higher education

Howard university

College housing and academic facilities loans program

Historically black college and university capital financing program account

College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans Financing Account

College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans Liquidating Account

Historically Black College and University Capital Financing Direct Loan Financing Account

Office of Federal Student Aid

Federal Funds

Student financial assistance

Student Financial Assistance

(Legislative proposal, subject to PAYGO)

Student aid administration

TEACH Grant Program Account

TEACH Grant Financing Account

Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection

Federal Student Loan Reserve Fund

Federal Direct Student Loan Program Account

Federal Direct Student Loan Program Financing Account

Federal Family Education Loan Program Account

Federal Family Education Loan Program Financing Account

Temporary Student Loan Purchase Authority Financing Account

Student Loan Acquisition Account

Temporary Student Loan Purchase Authority Conduit Financing Account

Federal Family Education Loan Liquidating Account

Health Education Assistance Loans Program Account

Health Education Assistance Loans Financing Account

Health Education Assistance Loans Liquidating Account

Institute of Education Sciences

Federal Funds

Institute of education sciences

Departmental Management

Federal Funds

PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Department of Education Nonrecurring Expenses Fund

OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS

OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

Disaster Education Recovery

Federal Funds

Disaster Education Recovery

General and Administrative Provisions

GENERAL FUND RECEIPT ACCOUNTS

GENERAL PROVISIONS