[Appendix] [Detailed Budget Estimates by Agency] [National Science Foundation] [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov] <h1>NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION </h1>

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

Federal Funds

Research and Related Activities

For necessary expenses in carrying out the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.), and Public Law 86–209 (42 U.S.C. 1880 et seq.); services as authorized by section 3109 of title 5, United States Code; maintenance and operation of aircraft and purchase of flight services for research support; acquisition of aircraft; and authorized travel; [$5,933,645,000] $6,186,300,000, to remain available until September 30, [2016] 2017, of which not to exceed [$520,000,000] $540,000,000 shall remain available until expended for polar research and operations support, and for reimbursement to other Federal agencies for operational and science support and logistical and other related activities for the United States Antarctic program: Provided, That receipts for scientific support services and materials furnished by the National Research Centers and other National Science Foundation supported research facilities may be credited to this appropriation[: Provided further, That not less than $159,690,000 shall be available for activities authorized by section 7002(c)(2)(A)(iv) of Public Law 110–69]. (Science Appropriations Act, 2015.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0100–0–1–999		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Biological Sciences	721	731	748
0002	Computer and Information Science and Engineering	893	922	954
0003	Engineering	833	911	949
0005	Geosciences	1,321	1,313	1,365
0006	Mathematical and Physical Sciences	1,268	1,367	1,366
0007	Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences	257	272	292
0008	Integrative Activities	481	425	459
0009	Office of International Science and Engineering		49	51
0013	Arctic Research Commission	1	1	2

0799	Total direct obligations	5,775	5,991	6,186
0801	Research and Related Activities (Reimbursable)	87	120	120

0900	Total new obligations	5,862	6,111	6,306

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	10	57
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	20

1050	Unobligated balance (total)	30	57
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	5,809	5,934	6,186
1120	Appropriations transferred to other accts [049–0180]	–7

1160	Appropriation, discretionary (total)	5,802	5,934	6,186
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, discretionary:
1700	Collected	83	120	120
1701	Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources	7

1750	Spending auth from offsetting collections, disc (total)	90	120	120
1900	Budget authority (total)	5,892	6,054	6,306
1930	Total budgetary resources available	5,922	6,111	6,306
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940	Unobligated balance expiring	–3
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	57

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	9,059	9,175	9,581
3010	Obligations incurred, unexpired accounts	5,862	6,111	6,306
3011	Obligations incurred, expired accounts	4
3020	Outlays (gross)	–5,662	–5,705	–5,936
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–20
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–68

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	9,175	9,581	9,951
	Uncollected payments:
3060	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1	–138	–116	–116
3070	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	–7
3071	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, expired	29

3090	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year	–116	–116	–116
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	8,921	9,059	9,465
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	9,059	9,465	9,835

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	5,892	6,054	6,306
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	860	1,307	1,358
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	4,802	4,398	4,578

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	5,662	5,705	5,936
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4030	Federal sources	–112	–120	–120
	Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4050	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	–7
4052	Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts	29

4060	Additional offsets against budget authority only (total)	22

4070	Budget authority, net (discretionary)	5,802	5,934	6,186
4080	Outlays, net (discretionary)	5,550	5,585	5,816
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	5,802	5,934	6,186
4190	Outlays, net (total)	5,550	5,585	5,816

The Research and Related Activities appropriation enables the United States to provide leadership and promote progress across the expanding frontiers of scientific and engineering research and education.

The major research program activities of NSF are:

Biological Sciences._This activity supports understanding how complex living systems function and interact with each other and with non-living systems, which has direct impact on issues of national importance related to the environment, economy, agriculture, and human welfare. Research in this activity also promotes scientific progress in biology through support of research across scales, from molecules, cells, organisms, to ecosystems. This activity's investment portfolio includes projects on understanding the changing dynamics of the biosphere, research on the fundamental characteristics of biological energy systems, and efforts to broaden participation and develop the next generation of biological researchers.

Computer and Information Science and Engineering._This activity supports investigator initiated research in all areas of computer and information science and engineering, helps develop and maintain cutting-edge national computational and information infrastructure for research and education generally, and contributes to the education and training of the next generation of computer and computational engineers.

Engineering._Research supported by this activity aims to increase U.S. engineering capability and strength, and focus that capability and strength on areas that are relevant to national problems and long-term needs. This activity also includes small business innovation research.

Geosciences._This activity supports research and associated infrastructure to advance knowledge of the properties and dynamics of the planet on which we live. Research includes understanding the causes and implications of climate change, as well as disruptive processes such as earthquakes and storms. Additionally, this activity supports Arctic and Antarctic research and operational science support and other related activities for United States polar research programs, including the funding to reimburse Federal agencies for logistical and other related activities supported by the United States Antarctic Program.

Mathematical and Physical Sciences._Research in this activity is directed at increasing understanding of natural laws and phenomena across the astronomical sciences, chemistry, materials sciences, mathematical sciences, and physics. Research support is available in multiple modalities ranging from multi-user facilities and mid-scale instrumentation to individual investigator awards, from sites for undergraduate research experiences to early career faculty development and collaborative and international efforts.

Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences._This activity supports research, education, and infrastructure in the social, behavioral, cognitive, and economic sciences and funds the collection and dissemination of statistics on the science and engineering enterprise.

Office of International Science and Engineering._This activity serves as the focal point of international activities at NSF. In addition to strategic funding and co-funding that targets catalytic partnerships and workforce-building international research opportunities, OISE advances NSF's global science leadership through extensive interactions with U.S. and global counterpart agencies and organizations.

Integrative Activities._This activity supports emerging cross disciplinary research efforts and major research instrumentation. This activity also provides support for the Science and Technology Policy Institute. The Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research broadens participation of States and regions in science and engineering by helping institutions expand their research capacity and competitiveness.
Under the Administration's proposal to reorganize Federal business and trade programs under a broader Presidential reorganization authority initiative, the National Science Foundation's statistical agency and industry partnership programs would be consolidated with related programs in a new department.
The United States Arctic Research Commission is an independent agency, funded through NSF's appropriations, that promotes Arctic research and recommends national Arctic research policies to guide Federal agencies in developing and implementing their research programs in the Arctic region.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0100–0–1–999		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Direct obligations:
21.0	Travel and transportation of persons	14	14	14
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	105	105	105
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	13	13	13
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources	27	27	27
25.4	Operation and maintenance of facilities	356	360	360
25.5	Research and development contracts	6	7	7
26.0	Supplies and materials	1	1	1
31.0	Equipment	2	2	2
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	5,251	5,462	5,657

99.0	Direct obligations	5,775	5,991	6,186
99.0	Reimbursable obligations	87	120	120

99.9	Total new obligations	5,862	6,111	6,306

Employment Summary


Identification code 049–0100–0–1–999		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

1001	Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment	3	4

major research equipment and facilities construction

For necessary expenses for the acquisition, construction, commissioning, and upgrading of major research equipment, facilities, and other such capital assets pursuant to the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.), including authorized travel, [$200,760,000] $200,310,000, to remain available until expended. (Science Appropriations Act, 2015.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0551–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction	200	201	200

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	200	201	200

1160	Appropriation, discretionary (total)	200	201	200
1930	Total budgetary resources available	200	201	200

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	367	287	271
3010	Obligations incurred, unexpired accounts	200	201	200
3020	Outlays (gross)	–280	–217	–193

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	287	271	278
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	367	287	271
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	287	271	278

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	200	201	200
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority		12	12
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	280	205	181

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	280	217	193
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	200	201	200
4190	Outlays, net (total)	280	217	193

The Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction activity supports the acquisition, construction, and commissioning of unique national research platforms and major research facilities and equipment. Performance of each construction project is measured against an established baseline at regular intervals and at major milestones.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0551–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.7	Operation and maintenance of equipment		4	4
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	200	197	196

99.9	Total new obligations	200	201	200

Agency Operations and Award Management

For agency operations and award management necessary in carrying out the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.); services authorized by section 3109 of title 5, United States Code; hire of passenger motor vehicles; uniforms or allowances therefor, as authorized by sections 5901 and 5902 of title 5, United States Code; rental of conference rooms in the District of Columbia; and reimbursement of the Department of Homeland Security for security guard services; [$325,000,000] $354,840,000: Provided, That not to exceed $8,280 is for official reception and representation expenses: Provided further, That contracts may be entered into under this heading in fiscal year [2015] 2016 for maintenance and operation of facilities and for other services to be provided during the next fiscal year: Provided further, That of the amount provided for costs associated with the acquisition, occupancy, and related costs of new headquarters space, not more than [$27,370,000] $28,400,000 shall remain available until expended: Provided further, That $2,852,000 will be used to support the agency's activities related to implementation of the Digital Accountability and Transparency Act (DATA Act; Public Law 113–101; 31 U.S.C. 6101 note) to include changes in business processes, workforce, or information technology to support high quality, transparent Federal spending information, of which $852,000 shall be available to support the agency's implementation of a uniform procurement instrument identifier as described in 48 C.F.R. subpart 4.16. (Science Appropriations Act, 2015.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0180–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Agency Operations and Award Management	306	325	355
0801	Agency Operations and Award Management (Reimbursable)	6	10	10

0900	Total new obligations	312	335	365

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	298	325	355
1121	Appropriations transferred from other acct [049–0100]	7
1121	Appropriations transferred from other acct [049–0106]	1

1160	Appropriation, discretionary (total)	306	325	355
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, discretionary:
1700	Collected	6	10	10

1750	Spending auth from offsetting collections, disc (total)	6	10	10
1900	Budget authority (total)	312	335	365
1930	Total budgetary resources available	312	335	365

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	72	83	62
3010	Obligations incurred, unexpired accounts	312	335	365
3011	Obligations incurred, expired accounts	1
3020	Outlays (gross)	–298	–356	–360
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–4

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	83	62	67
	Uncollected payments:
3060	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1	–4
3071	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, expired	4
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	68	83	62
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	83	62	67

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	312	335	365
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	243	276	301
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	55	80	59

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	298	356	360
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4030	Federal sources	–9	–10	–10
	Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4052	Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts	3

4070	Budget authority, net (discretionary)	306	325	355
4080	Outlays, net (discretionary)	289	346	350
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	306	325	355
4190	Outlays, net (total)	289	346	350

This account funds NSF's scientific, professional, and administrative workforce, the physical and technological infrastructure necessary for a productive, safe and secure work environment, and the essential business operations critical to NSF's administrative processes.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0180–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Direct obligations:
	Personnel compensation:
11.1	Full-time permanent	146	154	195
11.3	Other than full-time permanent	11	11	11
11.5	Other personnel compensation	2	2	2

11.9	Total personnel compensation	159	167	208
12.1	Civilian personnel benefits	45	47	45
21.0	Travel and transportation of persons	5	5	5
23.1	Rental payments	30	34	30
23.3	Communications, utilities, and miscellaneous charges	3	3	3
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	41	41	41
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	9	9	9
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources	9	9	9
26.0	Supplies and materials	3	3	3
31.0	Equipment	2	7	2

99.0	Direct obligations	306	325	355
99.0	Reimbursable obligations	6	10	10

99.9	Total new obligations	312	335	365

Employment Summary


Identification code 049–0180–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

1001	Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment	1,301	1,310	1,310

Office of the National Science Board

For necessary expenses (including payment of salaries, authorized travel, hire of passenger motor vehicles, the rental of conference rooms in the District of Columbia, and the employment of experts and consultants under section 3109 of title 5, United States Code) involved in carrying out section 4 of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1863) and Public Law 86–209 (42 U.S.C. 1880 et seq.), $4,370,000: Provided, That not to exceed $2,500 shall be available for official reception and representation expenses. (Science Appropriations Act, 2015.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0350–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Office of the National Science Board (Direct)	4	4	4

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	4	4	4

1160	Appropriation, discretionary (total)	4	4	4
1930	Total budgetary resources available	4	4	4

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	2	2	2
3010	Obligations incurred, unexpired accounts	4	4	4
3020	Outlays (gross)	–4	–4	–4

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	2	2	2
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	2	2	2
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	2	2	2

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	4	4	4
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	3	3	3
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	1	1	1

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	4	4	4
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	4	4	4
4190	Outlays, net (total)	4	4	4

This appropriation provides policy-making and related responsibilities for NSF and provides guidance on significant national policy issues in science and engineering research and education, as required by law.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0350–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Direct obligations:
11.1	Personnel compensation: Full-time permanent	2	2	2
12.1	Civilian personnel benefits	1	1	1
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	1	1	1

99.9	Total new obligations	4	4	4

Employment Summary


Identification code 049–0350–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

1001	Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment	19	19	19

office of inspector general

For necessary expenses of the Office of Inspector General as authorized by the Inspector General Act of 1978, [$14,430,000] $15,160,000, of which $400,000 shall remain available until September 30, [2016] 2017. (Science Appropriations Act, 2015.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0300–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Office of Inspector General (Direct)	14	14	15

	Budgetary resources:
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	14	14	15

1160	Appropriation, discretionary (total)	14	14	15
1930	Total budgetary resources available	14	14	15

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	2	3	4
3010	Obligations incurred, unexpired accounts	14	14	15
3020	Outlays (gross)	–13	–13	–14

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	3	4	5
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	2	3	4
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	3	4	5

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	14	14	15
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	11	11	12
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	2	2	2

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	13	13	14
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	14	14	15
4190	Outlays, net (total)	13	13	14

This appropriation provides agency-wide audit and investigative functions to identify and correct management and administrative deficiencies which create conditions for existing or potential instances of fraud, waste, and mismanagement consistent with the Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. 3).

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0300–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Direct obligations:
11.1	Personnel compensation: Full-time permanent	9	9	10
12.1	Civilian personnel benefits	2	2	2
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	3	3	3

99.9	Total new obligations	14	14	15

Employment Summary


Identification code 049–0300–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

1001	Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment	67	73	73

education and human resources

For necessary expenses in carrying out science, mathematics and engineering education and human resources programs and activities pursuant to the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.), including services as authorized by section 3109 of title 5, United States Code, authorized travel, and rental of conference rooms in the District of Columbia, [$866,000,000] $962,570,000, to remain available until September 30, [2016: Provided, That not less than $60,890,000 shall be available for activities authorized by section 7030 of Public Law 110–69] 2017. (Science Appropriations Act, 2015.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0106–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Education and Human Resources	832	866	963

0100	Total Disc obligations	832	866	963
0302	Low income scholarship program	92	181	75
0303	ITEST grants for Mathematics, Science, or Engineering enrichment courses	37	25	25

0391	Total Mandatory Obligations	129	206	100

0799	Total direct obligations	961	1,072	1,063
0801	Education and Human Resources (Reimbursable)	5	15	15

0900	Total new obligations	966	1,087	1,078

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	106	124	21
1001	Discretionary unobligated balance brought fwd, Oct 1	1
1021	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations	7

1050	Unobligated balance (total)	113	124	21
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, discretionary:
1100	Appropriation	847	866	963
1120	Appropriations transferred to other accts [049–0180]	–1

1160	Appropriation, discretionary (total)	846	866	963
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1201	Appropriation (special or trust fund)	132	100	100
1203	Appropriation (previously unavailable)	5	10	7
1232	Appropriations and/or unobligated balance of appropriations temporarily reduced	–10	–7

1260	Appropriations, mandatory (total)	127	103	107
	Spending authority from offsetting collections, discretionary:
1700	Collected	1	15	15
1701	Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources	4

1750	Spending auth from offsetting collections, disc (total)	5	15	15
1900	Budget authority (total)	978	984	1,085
1930	Total budgetary resources available	1,091	1,108	1,106
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940	Unobligated balance expiring	–1
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	124	21	28

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	1,936	1,971	2,130
3010	Obligations incurred, unexpired accounts	966	1,087	1,078
3011	Obligations incurred, expired accounts	6
3020	Outlays (gross)	–911	–928	–1,135
3040	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired	–7
3041	Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired	–19

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	1,971	2,130	2,073
	Uncollected payments:
3060	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1	–5	–6	–6
3070	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	–4
3071	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, expired	3

3090	Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year	–6	–6	–6
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	1,931	1,965	2,124
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	1,965	2,124	2,067

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Discretionary:
4000	Budget authority, gross	851	881	978
	Outlays, gross:
4010	Outlays from new discretionary authority	112	136	150
4011	Outlays from discretionary balances	712	700	857

4020	Outlays, gross (total)	824	836	1,007
	Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
	Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4030	Federal sources	–4	–15	–15
	Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4050	Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired	–4
4052	Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts	3

4060	Additional offsets against budget authority only (total)	–1

4070	Budget authority, net (discretionary)	846	866	963
4080	Outlays, net (discretionary)	820	821	992
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	127	103	107
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority		11	12
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances	87	81	116

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	87	92	128
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	973	969	1,070
4190	Outlays, net (total)	907	913	1,120

The Education and Human Resources (EHR) appropriation funds and manages a comprehensive set of programs that further NSF's goals of ensuring a diverse, globally competitive U.S. science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce, as well as a scientifically literate population. To advance those goals, EHR collaborates with other NSF research units, federal agencies, and promotes public-private partnerships. EHR supports research on STEM teaching and learning to provide the evidence base for improvements in education at all levels in the STEM disciplines. Supporting development and effective implementation of new learning technologies is also a priority. EHR's pre-K-12 education-research programs, for example, develop and test new instruction materials for students and teachers, which incorporate the latest advances in teaching, learning, and education technologies. STEM teacher-education opportunities occur throughout the full continuum, from pre-service and in-service, through life-long learning. Research programs at the undergraduate level improve curricula, strengthen laboratory courses, enhance faculty effectiveness and lead education reforms in STEM disciplines. Advanced technological education programs strengthen student preparation for the high-technology workforce. Support of graduate-level STEM education primarily includes fellowships and traineeships to sustain U.S. leadership in global science and technology. All EHR programs aim to broaden participation of groups underrepresented in STEM fields by, for example, improving infrastructure and academic programs at minority-serving institutions. STEM-education evaluation activities ensure accountability by developing indicators that measure program impact and informing the education community of best practices and other relevant findings. EHR activities also include programs supported by H-1B non-immigrant visa fees, which provide undergraduate and graduate scholarships in STEM disciplines, improve educational opportunities for students, and provide research opportunities for STEM teachers and students.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–0106–0–1–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Direct obligations:
21.0	Travel and transportation of persons	2	2	2
25.1	Advisory and assistance services	22	22	22
25.2	Other services from non-Federal sources	3	3	3
25.3	Other goods and services from Federal sources	1	1	1
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	933	1,044	1,035

99.0	Direct obligations	961	1,072	1,063
99.0	Reimbursable obligations	5	15	15

99.9	Total new obligations	966	1,087	1,078

Trust Funds

Donations

Special and Trust Fund Receipts (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–8960–0–7–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

0100	Balance, start of year
	Receipts:
0220	Donations, National Science Foundation	33	45	45

0400	Total: Balances and collections	33	45	45
	Appropriations:
0500	Donations	–33	–45	–45

0799	Balance, end of year

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–8960–0–7–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Obligations by program activity:
0001	Atacama Large Millimeter Array	4	38	10
0002	Gemini Telescope	10	15	15
0003	B&M Gates Foundation	3
0004	US Civilian Research	17	15	15
0005	General Trust Fund	4	5	5

0900	Total new obligations	38	73	45

	Budgetary resources:
	Unobligated balance:
1000	Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1	33	28
	Budget authority:
	Appropriations, mandatory:
1201	Appropriation (special or trust fund)	33	45	45

1260	Appropriations, mandatory (total)	33	45	45
1930	Total budgetary resources available	66	73	45
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941	Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year	28

	Change in obligated balance:
	Unpaid obligations:
3000	Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1	34	26	47
3010	Obligations incurred, unexpired accounts	38	73	45
3020	Outlays (gross)	–46	–52	–38

3050	Unpaid obligations, end of year	26	47	54
	Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100	Obligated balance, start of year	34	26	47
3200	Obligated balance, end of year	26	47	54

	Budget authority and outlays, net:
	Mandatory:
4090	Budget authority, gross	33	45	45
	Outlays, gross:
4100	Outlays from new mandatory authority		27	27
4101	Outlays from mandatory balances	46	25	11

4110	Outlays, gross (total)	46	52	38
4180	Budget authority, net (total)	33	45	45
4190	Outlays, net (total)	46	52	38

This account consists of contributions from foreign governments, organizations, and individuals to fund various cooperative efforts in science, research, and education. These efforts include major international projects, such as operation of the Gemini telescopes, and the NSF ocean discovery program. Other smaller activities supported include cooperative research, joint seminars, exchange of senior scientists, short-term research development visits, international conferences, and support for certain special functions of NSF and the National Science Board. These funds are not otherwise available.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 049–8960–0–7–251		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

	Direct obligations:
25.4	Operation and maintenance of facilities	5	28	4
41.0	Grants, subsidies, and contributions	33	45	41

99.9	Total new obligations	38	73	45

Administrative Provision

Not to exceed 5 percent of any appropriation made available for the current fiscal year for the National Science Foundation in this Act may be transferred between such appropriations, but no such appropriation shall be increased by more than 10 percent by any such transfers. Any transfer pursuant to this section shall be treated as a reprogramming of funds under section 505 of this Act and shall not be available for obligation except in compliance with the procedures set forth in that section. (Science Appropriations Act, 2015.)

General and Administrative Provisions

GENERAL FUND RECEIPT ACCOUNTS

(in millions of dollars)


		2014 actual	2015 est.	2016 est.

Offsetting receipts from the public:
049–320000	Collections of Receivables from Canceled Accounts	1	1	1
049–322000	All Other General Fund Proprietary Receipts Including Budget Clearing Accounts	2	2	2

General Fund Offsetting receipts from the public		3	3	3