    [Analytical Perspectives]
    [Crosscutting Programs]
    [4. Strengthening Federal Statistics]
    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

    [[Page 37]]

                      4.  STRENGTHENING FEDERAL STATISTICS

      Federal statistical programs produce key information to inform public
    and private decision makers about a range of topics of interest,
    including the economy, the population, agriculture, crime, education,
    energy, the environment, health, science, and transportation. The
    ability of governments, businesses, and citizens to make appropriate
    decisions about budgets, employment, investments, taxes, and a host of
    other important matters depends critically on the ready availability of
    relevant, accurate, and timely Federal statistics.
      The Federal statistical community remains on alert for opportunities
    to strengthen these measures of our Nation's performance. For example,
    during 2006, Federal statistical agencies improved their measures of the
    knowledge economy by releasing a preliminary Research and Development
    Satellite Account that estimates the effect of investment in research
    and development on U.S. economic growth (BEA and NSF); published, for
    the first time, estimates of households experiencing identity theft
    victimization and its consequences (BJS); developed procedures to ease
    the reporting burden of the 2007 Economic Census by enhanced electronic
    reporting, and to collect product data from all 350 service industries,
    up from 80 in the last census (Census Bureau); published data on the
    labor force status of persons who evacuated their homes due to Hurricane
    Katrina (BLS); developed and tested quality improvements to the
    Commodity Flow Survey, the most comprehensive source of nationwide data
    on the transportation of goods (BTS and Census Bureau); introduced new
    interactive web-based tools to facilitate access to, and use of, health
    statistics information (NCHS); expanded internet data collection systems
    to securely process energy survey data more quickly and obtain better
    quality data (EIA); provided Internet access to forecasts of current
    year farm income (ERS); offered podcasts of farm broadcast news stories
    (NASS); and continued the modernization and reengineering of the
    decennial census to improve its accuracy and usefulness while containing
    costs (Census Bureau).
      For Federal statistical programs to effectively benefit their wide
    range of users, the underlying data systems must be viewed as credible.
    In order to foster this credibility, Federal statistical programs seek
    to adhere to high quality standards and to maintain integrity and
    efficiency in the production of data. As the collectors and providers of
    these basic statistics, the responsible agencies act as data stewards--
    balancing public and private decision makers' needs for information with
    legal and ethical obligations to minimize reporting burden, respect
    respondents' privacy, and protect the confidentiality of the data
    provided to the Government. This chapter discusses the development of
    standards that principal statistical programs use to assess their
    performance and presents highlights of their 2008 budget proposals.

                              Performance Standards

      Statistical programs maintain the quality of their data or information
    products as well as their credibility by setting high performance
    standards for their activities. The statistical agencies and statistical
    units represented on the Interagency Council on Statistical Policy
    (ICSP) have collaborated on developing an initial set of common
    performance standards for use under the Government Performance and
    Results Act and in completing the Administration's Program Assessment
    Rating Tool (PART). Federal statistical agencies have agreed that there
    are six conceptual dimensions within two general areas of focus that are
    key to measuring and monitoring statistical programs. The first area of
    focus is Product Quality, encompassing the traditional dimensions of
    relevance, accuracy, and timeliness. The second area of focus is Program
    Performance, encompassing the dimensions of cost, dissemination, and
    mission achievement.
      Statistical agencies historically have focused on measuring
    performance in the area of product quality, especially dimensions of
    accuracy and timeliness that are most amenable to quantitative
    measurement. Relevance, also an accepted measure of quality, can be
    either a qualitative description of the usefulness of products or a
    quantitative measure such as a customer satisfaction score. Relevance is
    more difficult to measure, and the indicators that do exist are more
    varied.
      Program performance standards form the basis for evaluating
    effectiveness. They address questions such as: Are taxpayer dollars
    spent most effectively? Are products made available to those who need
    them? Are agencies meeting their mission requirements or making it
    possible for other agencies to meet their missions? The indicators
    available to measure program performance for statistical activities
    currently are less well developed.

    Description of Dimensions

    Product Quality

    Relevance: Qualitative or quantitative descriptions of the degree to which products and
     services are useful to users and responsive to users' needs.

    Accuracy: Qualitative or quantitative measure of important features of correctness,
     validity, and reliability of data and information products measured as degree of closeness
     to target values.

    Timeliness: Qualitative or quantitative measure of the timing of information releases.

    Program Performance

    Cost: Quantitative measure of the dollar amount used to produce data products and services.

    Dissemination: Qualitative or quantitative information on the availability, accessibility,
     and distribution of products and services.

    Mission Achievement: Qualitative or quantitative information about the effect of, or
     satisfaction with, statistical programs.

    Key to Statistical Agencies

    BEA = Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce
    BJS = Bureau of Justice Statistics, Department of Justice
    BLS = Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor
    BTS = Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Department of Transportation
    Census = Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
    EIA = Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy
    ERS = Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture
    NASS = National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department of Agriculture
    NCES = National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education
    NCHS = National Center for Health Statistics, Department of Health and Human Services
    ORES = Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Administration
    SOI = Statistics of Income, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury
    SRS = Science Resources Statistics Division, National Science Foundation

      Product quality and program performance standards are designed to
    serve as indicators when answering specific questions in the
    Administration's PART process. Chart 4-1 presents each principal Federal
    statistical agency's assessment of the status of its current and planned
    use of indicators on the six dimensions. With the exception of cost
    indicators, where three agencies (ERS, NCES, and NCHS) are still
    planning their

    [[Page 38]]

    measures, the ICSP agencies have now developed performance measures for
    all six dimensions. Use of the indicators may be for internal
    management, strategic planning, or annual performance reporting. The
    dimensions shown in the chart reflect an overall set of indicators for
    statistical activities, but the specific measures vary among the
    individual programs depending on their unique characteristics and
    requirements. Annual performance reports and PARTs provide these
    specific measures, as well as additional information about performance
    goals and targets and whether a program is meeting, or making measurable
    progress toward meeting, its performance goals. The examples below
    illustrate different ways agencies track their performance on each
    dimension.

      Product Quality: Statistical agencies agree that product quality
    encompasses many attributes, including (but not limited to) relevance,
    accuracy, and timeliness. The basic measures in this group relate to the
    quality of specific products, thereby providing actionable information
    to managers. These are ``outcome-oriented'' measures and are key to the
    usability of information products. Statistical agencies or units
    establish targets and monitor how well targets are met. In some sense,

    [[Page 39]]

    relevance relates to ``doing the right things,'' while accuracy and
    timeliness relate to ``doing things right.''

                 Relevance: Qualitative or quantitative descriptions of the
              degree to which products and services are useful and
              responsive to users' needs. Relevance of data products and
              analytic reports may be monitored through a professional
              review process and ongoing contacts with data users. Product
              relevance may be indicated by customer satisfaction with
              product content, information from customers about product use,
              demonstration of product improvements, comparability with
              other data series, agency responses to customer suggestions
              for improvement, new or customized products or services,
              frequency of use, or responses to data requests from users
              (including policy makers). Through a variety of professional
              review activities, agencies maintain the relevance and
              validity of their products, and encourage data users and other
              stakeholders to contribute to the agencies' data collection
              and dissemination programs. Striving for relevance requires
              monitoring to ensure that information systems anticipate
              change and evolve to appropriately measure our dynamic society
              and economy.

                 Accuracy: Qualitative or quantitative measures of important
              features of correctness, validity, and reliability of data and
              information products measured as degree of closeness to target
              values. For statistical data, accuracy may be defined as the
              degree of closeness to the target value and measured as
              sampling error and various aspects of nonsampling error (e.g.,
              response rates, size of revisions, coverage, edit
              performance). For analysis products, accuracy may be the
              quality of the reasoning, reasonableness of assumptions, and
              clarity of the exposition, typically measured and monitored
              through review processes. In addition, accuracy is assessed
              and improved by internal reviews, comparisons of data among
              different surveys, linkages of survey data to administrative
              records, redesigns of surveys, or expansions of sample sizes.

                 Timeliness: Qualitative or quantitative measure of timing
              of information releases. Timeliness may be measured as time
              from the close of the reference period to the release of
              information, or customer satisfaction with timeliness.
              Timeliness may also be measured as how well agencies meet
              scheduled and publicized release dates, expressed as a percent
              of release dates met.

      Program Performance: Statistical agencies agree that program
    performance encompasses balancing the dimensions of cost, dissemination,
    and mission accomplishment for the agency as a whole; operating
    efficiently and effectively; ensuring that customers receive the
    information they need; and serving the information needs of the Nation.
    Costs of products or programs may be used to develop efficiency
    measures. Dissemination involves making sure customers receive the
    information they need via the most appropriate mechanisms. Mission
    achievement means that the information program makes a difference.
    Hence, three key dimensions are being used to indicate program
    performance: cost (input), dissemination (output), and mission
    achievement (outcome).

                 Cost: Quantitative measure of the dollar amount to produce
              data products or services. The development and use of
              financial performance measures within the Federal Government
              is an established goal; the intent of such measures is to
              determine the ``true costs'' of various programs or
              alternative modes of operation at the Federal level. Examples
              of cost data include full costs of products or programs,
              return on investment, dollar value of efficiencies, and ratios
              of cost to products distributed.

                 Dissemination: Qualitative or quantitative information on
              the availability, accessibility, and distribution of products
              and services. Most agencies have goals to improve product
              accessibility, particularly through the Internet. Typical
              measures include: on-demand requests fulfilled, product
              downloads, degree of accessibility, customer satisfaction with
              ease of use, number of participants at user conferences,
              citations of agency data in the media, number of Internet user
              sessions, number of formats in which data are available,
              amount of technical support provided to data users, exhibits
              to inform the public about information products, issuance of
              newsletters describing products, usability testing of web
              sites, and assessing compliance with Section 508 of the
              Rehabilitation Act, which requires Federal agencies to make
              their electronic and information technology accessible to
              people with disabilities.

                 Mission Achievement: Qualitative or quantitative
              information about the effect of, or satisfaction with,
              statistical programs. For Government statistical programs,
              this dimension responds to the question--have we achieved our
              objectives and met the expectations of our stakeholders? Under
              this dimension, statistical programs document their
              contributions to the goals and missions of parent departments
              and other agencies, the Administration, the Congress, and
              information users in the private sector and the general
              public. For statistical programs, this broad dimension
              involves meeting recognized societal information needs; it
              also addresses the linkage between statistical outputs and
              programmatic outcomes.

                However, identifying this linkage is far from
              straightforward. It is frequently difficult to trace the
              effects of information products on the public good. Such
              products often are necessary intermediate inputs in the
              creation of high visibility information whose societal benefit
              is clearly recognized. For example, the economic statistics
              pro

    [[Page 40]]

              duced by a variety of agencies are directly used by the Bureau
              of Economic Analysis in the calculation of the Gross Domestic
              Product (GDP), which analysts universally use to assess
              changes in the level of domestic economic activity. Similarly,
              statistics from specific surveys are directly used by the
              Bureau of Labor Statistics in the calculation of the Consumer
              Price Index (CPI), which is widely used in diverse
              applications, such as indexing pensions for retirees. As a
              result, a number of statistical agencies can claim credit for
              contributing to the GDP and/or the CPI and to the many uses of
              these information products. In addition, statistics produced
              by Federal agencies are used to track the performance of
              programs managed by their parent or other organizations
              related to topics such as crime, education, energy, the
              environment, health, science, and transportation.

                Moreover, beyond the direct and focused uses of statistical
              products, the statistical agencies and their programs serve a
              diverse and dispersed set of data users working on a broad
              range of applications. Users include government policy makers
              at the Federal, State, and local levels, business leaders,
              households, academic researchers, analysts at public policy
              institutes and trade groups, marketers and planners in the
              private sector, and many others. Information produced by
              statistical agencies often is combined with other information
              for use in the decision-making process. Thus, the relationship
              between program outputs and their beneficial uses and outcomes
              is often complex and difficult to track. Consequently,
              agencies use both qualitative and quantitative indicators to
              make this linkage as explicit as feasible.

                In the absence of preferred quantitative indicators,
              qualitative narratives can indicate how statistical agency
              products contribute to and evaluate progress toward important
              goals established for government or private programs. In
              particular, narratives can highlight how statistical agencies
              measure the Nation's social and economic structure, and how
              the availability of the information influences changes in
              policies and programs. These narratives contribute to
              demonstrating mission accomplishment, particularly in response
              to questions in Section I of the PART, ``program purpose and
              design.'' Narratives may describe statistical information's
              effects on measuring agency policy or change of policy,
              supporting research focused on policy issues, informing debate
              on policy issues, or providing in-house consulting support.

                In addition to narratives, quantitative measures may be used
              to reflect mission achievement. For example, customer
              satisfaction with the statistical agency or unit indicates if
              the agency or unit has met the expectations of its
              stakeholders.

      Of the 14 principal Federal statistical agencies or units that are
    members of the ICSP, eleven agencies have programs that have been
    assessed using the PART process. All but one of these agencies' programs
    have received PART summary ratings of Effective or Moderately Effective,
    as shown in Chart 4-2. While recognizing the strength of the Energy
    Information Administration's purpose and management, in 2004 EIA
    received an initial rating of ``Results Not Demonstrated'' for two key
    reasons, both of which have since been rectified. At the time of the
    evaluation, EIA had recently adopted new performance measures and lacked
    the necessary historical baselines and future targets; these now exist
    for all measures. EIA was also critiqued for having no recurring
    independent evaluation of its entire program. EIA recruited an energy
    expert from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to select and lead
    a team to conduct such an evaluation, and the team completed its report
    in 2006. EIA management will evaluate the team's recommendations as part
    of its strategic planning process in 2007. As additional ICSP agencies
    have an opportunity to undergo the PART process, the agencies plan to
    continue to use the results of the collaborative performance standards
    development effort to help maintain and extend their generally favorable
    assessments.

    Chart 4-2.  MOST RECENT PART SUMMARY RATINGS FOR STATISTICAL PROGRAMS
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Summary Rating
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Bureau of Economic Analysis          Effective

    Bureau of Justice Statistics
      Criminal Justice Statistics        Effective
       Program
      National Criminal History          Moderately Effective
       Improvement Program

    Bureau of Labor Statistics           Effective

    Bureau of Transportation Statistics  Moderately Effective

    Census Bureau
      Current Demographic Statistics     Effective
      Decennial Census                   Moderately Effective
      Intercensal Demographic Estimates  Moderately Effective
      Survey Sample Redesign             Effective
      Economic Census                    Effective
      Current Economic Statistics        Moderately Effective
        /Census of Governments

    Economic Research Service            Effective

    Energy Information Administration    Results Not Demonstrated

    National Agricultural Statistics     Moderately Effective
     Service

    National Center for Education
     Statistics
      Statistics                         Effective
      Assessment                         Effective

    National Center for Health           Moderately Effective
     Statistics

    Science Resources Statistics
     Division, NSF
      NSF's Infrastructure and           Effective
       Instrumentation component
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    [[Page 41]]

                   Highlights of 2008 Program Budget Proposals

      The programs that provide essential statistical information for use by
    governments, businesses, researchers, and the public are carried out by
    more than 70 agencies spread across every department and several
    independent agencies. Approximately 40 percent of the funding for these
    programs provides resources for 13 agencies or units that have
    statistical activities as their principal mission. (Please see Table 4-
    1.) The remaining funding supports work in 60-plus agencies or units
    that carry out statistical activities in conjunction with other missions
    such as providing services or enforcing regulations. More comprehensive
    budget and program information about the Federal statistical system will
    be available in OMB's annual report, Statistical Programs of the United
    States Government, Fiscal Year 2008, when it is published later this
    year. The following highlights elaborate on the Administration's
    proposals to strengthen the programs of the principal Federal
    statistical agencies.

      Bureau of Economic Analysis: Funding is requested to: (1) extend the
    prototype Research & Development satellite account, funded by the
    National Science Foundation in 2006 and 2007, with annual updates and
    extensions to BEA's Gross Domestic Product and other estimates between
    2008 and 2012, and full incorporation into the economic accounts in
    2013; (2) complete BEA's five-year program to improve the accuracy and
    timeliness of the Nation's economic accounts by addressing data gaps and
    measurement problems, expanding integration with other accounts, and
    improving consistency with international standards; and (3) continue to
    improve the accuracy of statistics on services, profits, compensation,
    international trade in services, and off-shoring.
      Bureau of Justice Statistics: Funding is requested to provide for
    BJS's core statistical programs and for two initiatives: (1) a redesign
    of the National Crime Victimization Survey based on anticipated
    recommendations from the Committee on National Statistics of the
    National Research Council; and (2) development of a national recidivism
    statistical series, which will provide baseline data, as well as
    representative data every 3 years, on the rates of rearrest,
    reconviction, and reincarceration among released State and Federal
    prisoners to provide a quantitative basis for evaluating the
    effectiveness of reentry programs, post-custody surveillance, and State
    policies related to parole revocation.
      Bureau of Labor Statistics: Funding is requested to support the
    production, dissemination, and improvement of BLS economic measures,
    including: (1) the introduction of continuous updating to the housing
    and geographic area samples in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which
    will improve the accuracy and timeliness of the CPI; (2) the
    continuation of efforts to modernize the computing systems for monthly
    processing of the Producer Price Index (PPI) and U.S. Import and Export
    Price Indexes (IPP); and (3) the publication, for the first time, of
    local area Employment Cost Index (ECI) and Employer Costs for Employee
    Compensation (ECEC) series as deemed feasible as a result of testing
    completed in 2007.
      Bureau of Transportation Statistics: Funding is requested to: (1)
    conduct the Commodity Flow Survey, a major national benchmark survey of
    shippers; (2) release monthly statistics on the commodities and mode of
    transportation used in trading with our largest partners; (3) produce a
    core set of economic data and indicators, including the Government
    Transportation Financial Statistics Report, multi-factor productivity
    measures, the State Transit Expenditure Survey, and the Air Travel Price
    Index; (4) produce and release the National Transportation Atlas Data
    Base, a compendium of national geospatial transportation data; and (5)
    conduct the biennial Census of Ferry Operations in the U.S.
      Census Bureau: Funding is requested for the Census Bureau's ongoing
    economic and demographic programs and for a re-engineered 2010 Census.
    For the Census Bureau's economic and demographic programs, funding is
    requested to: (1) collect and process economic census returns for the
    2007 Economic Census; (2) create the universe frame and develop
    organizational information for the 2007 Census of Governments, as well
    as collect and process data for the employment phase, and collect and
    process data from States and other sources for the finance phase; (3)
    undertake an initiative to close the current gap in service sector
    coverage; and (4) continue reengineering the Survey of Income and
    Program Participation. For the 2010 Census program, funding is requested
    to continue to: (1) conduct planning, testing, and development
    activities to support a re-engineered 2010 Census, including the 2008
    Census Dress Rehearsal and early operations for the 2010 Census; (2)
    improve the accuracy of map feature locations for the remaining 367
    counties of the total of 3,232 counties; and (3) continue to conduct the
    American Community Survey to provide socio-economic data on an ongoing
    basis rather than only once-a-decade.
      Economic Research Service: Funding is requested to: (1) strengthen and
    enhance the ERS market analysis and outlook program to provide timely
    analysis of global agricultural product markets; and (2) strengthen
    ERS's research and modeling capacity in the area of bio-energy with
    particular emphasis given to the changing economics of livestock feeding
    and the role of ethanol byproducts.
      Energy Information Administration: Funding is requested to continue
    ongoing operations to: (1) maintain critical energy data coverage,
    analysis, and forecasting; (2) improve data reliability and statistical
    accuracy through redesigning key petroleum and natural

    [[Page 42]]

    gas surveys; (3) initiate monthly ethanol and biofuels data collections
    on a national and regional basis as mandated in Section 1508 of the
    Energy Policy Act of 2005; (4) strengthen global oil and gas data and
    modeling capabilities; and (5) improve the ability to assess and
    forecast supply, demand, and technology trends affecting U.S. and world
    energy markets.
      National Agricultural Statistics Service: Funding is requested to
    support printing, postage and handling of questionnaire packages,
    logging returned questionnaires, capturing reported data, and conducting
    telephone and personal follow-up interviews with nonrespondents for the
    quinquennial Census of Agriculture via questionnaires that are scheduled
    to be mailed to the Nation's agricultural producers in December 2007.
      National Center for Education Statistics: Funding is requested to: (1)
    conduct the National Assessment of Educational Progress, including 12th
    grade reading and mathematics assessments in 2009; (2) plan for a new
    high school longitudinal study that will begin with a cohort of 9th
    graders in 2009 and follow them through postsecondary education and into
    the workforce; (3) analyze data from international studies such as the
    2007 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and plan for
    new international assessments; (4) undertake a pilot study on the
    development of postsecondary unit records, an essential restructuring of
    several components of the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data
    System; (5) carry out the 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey to obtain
    information on public and private schools, principals, and teachers; and
    (6) conduct the Beginning Postsecondary Student Longitudinal Survey,
    which provides information on the progress of postsecondary students, as
    well as the 2008 National Postsecondary Student Aid Survey.
      National Center for Health Statistics: Funding is requested to: (1)
    continue data collection, analysis, and dissemination for key national
    health data systems, including the National Vital Statistics System,
    National Health Interview Survey, National Health and Nutrition
    Examination Survey, and National Health Care Survey; (2) continue gains
    in timeliness by implementing systems improvements in data collection
    and processing; (3) continue efforts to develop survey data that address
    the health care delivery system; and (4) work collaboratively with
    States and other agencies on upgrading the technology for collecting
    data from State birth and death certificates.
      Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, SSA: Funding is
    requested to: (1) continue strategic planning to modernize ORES's
    processes for developing and disseminating data from the Social Security
    Administration's major administrative data files for statistical
    purposes; (2) support outside surveys and linkage of SSA administrative
    data to surveys; (3) create a new public use file of administrative data
    on earnings histories and benefits for a sample of Social Security
    numbers; and 4) evaluate the analytic validity of a synthetic data file
    based on data from the 1990-1993 and 1996 Survey of Income and Program
    Participation (SIPP) panels matched to SSA and IRS administrative data.
      Science Resources Statistics Division, NSF: Funding is requested to:
    (1) implement ongoing programs on the science and engineering
    enterprise; (2) continue to implement redesign and improvement
    activities for a broad range of surveys, particularly the suite of
    research and development (R&D) surveys; (3) support the NSF/SBE
    initiative on the Science of Science and Innovation Policy to develop
    the data, tools, and knowledge needed for a new science of science
    policy by enhancing the comparability, scope and availability of
    international data; and (4) develop data on innovation and R&D conducted
    or funded by nonprofit organizations.
      Statistics of Income Division, IRS: Funding is requested to: (1)
    maintain and modernize tax data collection systems, including developing
    interfaces with modern electronic tax return filing systems; (2)
    implement a databank repository for SOI and IRS population file data to
    more efficiently build longitudinal databases and enable sub-national
    estimates; (3) examine means to more effectively mask individual records
    to minimize the possibility of identification in the Individual Public
    Use Sample files; and (4) modernize and expedite dissemination of data
    and publications, including enhancement of products and features on the
    www.irs.gov/taxstats website.

    [[Page 43]]

                      Table 4-1.  2006-2008 BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR PRINCIPAL STATISTICAL AGENCIES\1\
                                                (In millions of dollars)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                    Estimate
                                                                                   2006    -------------------------
                                                                                  Actual        2007         2008
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Bureau of Economic Analysis .............................................          75           75           81

    Bureau of Justice Statistics \2\.........................................          50           50           62

    Bureau of Labor Statistics...............................................         537          537          573

    Bureau of Transportation Statistics......................................          27           27           27

    Census Bureau \3\........................................................         822          817         1250
      Salaries and Expenses \3\..............................................         216          210          223
      Periodic Censuses and Programs.........................................         606          607         1027

    Economic Research Service \4\............................................          75           75           83

    Energy Information Administration........................................          85           85          105

    National Agricultural Statistics Service \5\.............................         139          140          168

    National Center for Education Statistics.................................         183          183          236
      Statistics.............................................................          90           90          119
      Assessment.............................................................          88           88          111
      National Assessment Governing Board....................................           5            5            6

    National Center for Health Statistics \6\................................         109          109          110

    Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, SSA......................          16           18           15

    Science Resources Statistics Division, NSF...............................          33           33           37

    Statistics of Income Division, IRS.......................................          38           41           41

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Reflects any recissions.

    \2\ Includes funds for management and administrative costs of $11, $11, and $17 million in 2006, 2007, 2008,
      respectively that were previously displayed separately.

    \3\ Includes Mandatory Appropriations of $20 million for each year for the Survey of Program Dynamics and
      collection of data related to the allocation to States of State Children's Health Insurance Program funds.

    \4\ 2007 funding assumes the reallocation of $350,000 provided in 2006 for a comprehensive report on the
      economic development and current status of the sheep industry in the United States. Funding for that purpose
      will not be needed in 2007.

    \5\ Includes funds for the periodic Census of Agriculture of $29, $29, and $54 million in 2006, 2007, and 2008,
      respectively. The FY 2008 Budget includes an increase of $24.7 million due to cyclical activities.

    \6\ All funds from the Public Health Service Evaluation Fund. Administrative costs for NCHS that previously were
      displayed as part of the NCHS budget line are now reflected in two consolidated CDC-wide budget lines for
      management and administrative costs.