[Historical Tables]
[Section 9 - Federal Government Outlays for Major Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and Training]
[Table 9.8 - Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949-2007]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2007
(in millions of dollars)
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Category 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957
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National defense:
Department of Defense.............................. 688 700 775 1,100 1,412 1,385 1,397 1,683 1,882
Other national defense............................. 74 72 71 104 141 166 153 215 252
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Total national defense........................... 762 772 846 1,204 1,553 1,551 1,550 1,898 2,134
==================================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA............................................. 42 43 44 51 50 48 43 50 55
NSF.............................................. ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 4 8 15 28
Atomic energy general science.................... 40 49 50 60 63 64 73 78 91
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Subtotal....................................... 82 92 94 111 113 116 124 143 174
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Energy............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 27 42 77
Transportation:
NASA............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .........
DOT and Other.................................... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 13
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Subtotal....................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH.............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Other............................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 45 51 69 81 134
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture........................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A 49 53 62 82 86
Natural resources and environment.................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 38 38 32 38 45
All other.......................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 50 39 31 42 48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense................................. 178 282 279 291 295 297 345 428 577
==================================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development............ 940 1,054 1,125 1,495 1,848 1,848 1,895 2,326 2,711
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development 11 14 14 14 14 13 21 31 40
classified as grants (all nondefense)...............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See note at end of table.
[[Page 183]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2007--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense.............................. 2,178 4,950 5,517 6,466 6,689 6,792 7,419 6,623 6,675
Other national defense............................. 281 414 420 456 401 352 446 454 422
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Total national defense........................... 2,459 5,364 5,937 6,922 7,090 7,144 7,865 7,077 7,097
==================================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA............................................. 72 115 330 646 1,112 2,291 3,693 4,497 5,275
NSF.............................................. 31 47 57 70 84 100 147 147 176
Atomic energy general science.................... 126 157 183 214 231 264 288 309 339
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Subtotal....................................... 229 319 570 930 1,427 2,655 4,128 4,953 5,790
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Energy............................................. 109 129 159 173 397 462 502 478 452
Transportation:
NASA............................................. ......... ......... ......... ......... 31 36 40 58 75
DOT and Other.................................... 26 53 77 89 83 111 107 159 117
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Subtotal....................................... 26 53 77 89 114 147 147 217 192
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Health:
NIH.............................................. N/A N/A 247 295 398 511 637 523 536
Other............................................ N/A N/A 30 35 36 40 66 67 202
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Subtotal....................................... 157 216 277 330 434 551 703 590 738
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Agriculture........................................ 97 104 107 117 129 142 154 179 205
Natural resources and environment.................. 54 88 68 106 100 118 120 140 160
All other.......................................... 57 111 127 119 146 146 177 206 284
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Total nondefense................................. 729 1,020 1,385 1,864 2,747 4,221 5,931 6,763 7,821
==================================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development............ 3,188 6,384 7,322 8,786 9,837 11,365 13,796 13,840 14,918
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development 46 55 57 58 66 75 85 100 110
classified as grants (all nondefense)...............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See note at end of table.
[[Page 184]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2007--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense.............................. 7,649 8,071 7,762 7,519 7,639 8,238 8,529 8,960 9,284
Other national defense............................. 419 473 552 502 469 599 610 446 431
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Total national defense........................... 8,068 8,544 8,314 8,021 8,108 8,837 9,139 9,406 9,715
==================================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA............................................. 5,042 4,462 4,025 3,518 3,143 3,059 3,045 2,900 2,876
NSF.............................................. 209 248 280 292 334 407 432 539 571
Atomic energy general science.................... 359 281 385 393 380 370 372 292 310
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Subtotal....................................... 5,610 4,991 4,690 4,203 3,857 3,836 3,849 3,731 3,757
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy............................................. 478 515 469 451 454 329 379 525 933
Transportation:
NASA............................................. 89 128 162 183 205 221 235 283 309
DOT and Other.................................... 69 107 96 224 444 291 299 322 307
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Subtotal....................................... 158 235 258 407 649 512 534 605 616
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Health:
NIH.............................................. 795 784 859 879 912 1,096 1,318 1,413 1,631
Other............................................ 110 199 214 194 211 279 341 245 258
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Subtotal....................................... 905 983 1,073 1,073 1,123 1,375 1,659 1,658 1,889
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Agriculture........................................ 215 231 232 246 268 296 293 315 352
Natural resources and environment.................. 181 207 232 301 351 507 539 511 647
All other.......................................... 347 466 392 451 599 611 643 683 627
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Total nondefense................................. 7,894 7,628 7,346 7,132 7,301 7,466 7,896 8,028 8,821
==================================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development............ 15,962 16,172 15,660 15,153 15,409 16,303 17,035 17,434 18,536
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development 125 140 152 167 182 206 224 238 249
classified as grants (all nondefense)...............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See note at end of table.
[[Page 185]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2007--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense.............................. 9,341 2,312 10,210 10,726 11,045 13,469 15,739 18,363 20,566
Other national defense............................. 478 143 664 1,351 1,083 1,174 1,199 1,447 1,732
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense........................... 9,819 2,455 10,874 12,077 12,129 14,643 16,937 19,809 22,298
==================================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA............................................. 3,227 846 3,506 3,454 3,655 4,262 4,798 2,697 1,999
NSF.............................................. 623 194 668 701 775 838 900 1,020 998
Atomic energy general science.................... 257 72 267 274 305 345 501 401 464
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Subtotal....................................... 4,107 1,112 4,441 4,429 4,735 5,445 6,199 4,118 3,461
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Energy............................................. 1,424 521 2,197 2,542 3,304 3,289 3,681 3,330 2,728
Transportation:
NASA............................................. 324 82 336 379 408 449 481 523 539
DOT and Other.................................... 329 100 315 326 350 412 409 341 270
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Subtotal....................................... 653 182 651 705 758 861 890 864 809
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Health:
NIH.............................................. 2,098 548 1,314 2,439 2,626 2,898 3,352 3,435 3,532
Other............................................ 194 130 335 325 614 784 732 906 929
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Subtotal....................................... 2,292 678 1,649 2,764 3,240 3,682 4,084 4,341 4,461
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture........................................ 416 100 469 499 549 563 643 696 717
Natural resources and environment.................. 646 166 585 675 895 951 912 838 856
All other.......................................... 631 -14 577 841 715 801 822 664 570
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Total nondefense................................. 10,169 2,745 10,569 12,455 14,196 15,592 17,231 14,850 13,602
==================================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development............ 19,988 5,200 21,443 24,532 26,325 30,235 34,168 34,660 35,900
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development 285 80 272 252 256 288 251 290 197
classified as grants (all nondefense)...............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See note at end of table.
[[Page 186]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2007--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 23,850 28,165 33,396 34,732 35,605 37,819 38,247 35,330
Other national defense........................................ 1,915 2,195 2,260 2,365 2,427 2,547 2,831 2,557
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 25,765 30,360 35,656 37,097 38,032 40,366 41,078 37,887
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 3,023 2,410 2,863 2,693 3,252 4,220 5,624 6,277
NSF......................................................... 1,127 1,182 1,399 1,426 1,513 1,570 1,520 1,631
Atomic energy general science............................... 505 510 510 576 618 680 784 834
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Subtotal.................................................. 4,656 4,102 4,772 4,695 5,383 6,470 7,927 8,741
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 2,762 4,249 2,622 2,321 2,287 2,454 2,342 2,501
Transportation:
NASA........................................................ 515 559 568 557 580 755 701 795
DOT and Other............................................... 342 467 489 347 323 322 272 333
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Subtotal.................................................. 857 1,027 1,057 905 903 1,077 973 1,127
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 3,942 4,412 4,837 4,942 6,022 6,634 7,092 7,257
Other....................................................... 617 719 738 869 849 912 1,162 1,272
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Subtotal.................................................. 4,560 5,131 5,574 5,811 6,872 7,546 8,253 8,528
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 754 775 798 796 838 908 937 990
Natural resources and environment............................. 846 884 924 886 1,052 1,056 1,220 1,323
All other..................................................... 787 689 738 745 732 883 1,081 1,085
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Total nondefense............................................ 15,221 16,856 16,485 16,159 18,068 20,394 22,732 24,296
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development....................... 40,986 47,216 52,141 53,256 56,100 60,760 63,810 62,183
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 223 215 319 464 478 412 345 401
grants (all nondefense)........................................
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See note at end of table.
[[Page 187]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2007--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 35,504 37,666 35,474 35,356 36,936 37,702 37,558 37,571
Other national defense........................................ 2,666 2,730 2,581 2,343 2,492 2,475 2,583 2,705
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 38,170 40,396 38,055 37,699 39,428 40,177 40,141 40,276
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 6,641 7,004 6,663 8,243 6,963 8,137 8,631 8,316
NSF......................................................... 1,733 1,753 1,873 1,894 2,077 2,015 2,010 2,144
Atomic energy general science............................... 784 789 669 700 705 703 1,862 2,087
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Subtotal.................................................. 9,157 9,546 9,205 10,837 9,745 10,855 12,503 12,547
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 2,593 2,517 2,654 3,152 2,938 2,641 1,526 1,285
Transportation:
NASA........................................................ 976 1,084 1,215 749 1,120 1,237 1,250 1,117
DOT and Other............................................... 373 420 519 604 534 545 528 465
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 1,348 1,504 1,734 1,353 1,654 1,782 1,778 1,582
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 7,936 9,063 9,620 10,299 9,642 10,599 11,853 13,027
Other....................................................... 1,721 1,311 1,008 961 856 859 865 1,306
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Subtotal.................................................. 9,656 10,374 10,628 11,260 10,498 11,458 12,718 14,333
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 1,070 1,129 1,158 1,186 1,168 1,178 1,200 1,200
Natural resources and environment............................. 1,593 1,762 1,747 1,662 1,610 1,590 1,653 1,732
All other..................................................... 1,141 1,150 1,271 1,283 1,398 1,392 1,284 1,181
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense............................................ 26,558 27,982 28,397 30,733 29,011 30,896 32,662 33,860
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development....................... 64,728 68,378 66,453 68,432 68,439 71,073 72,803 74,136
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 296 344 376 348 303 290 302 308
grants (all nondefense)........................................
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See note at end of table.
[[Page 188]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2007--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2006 2007
Category 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 estimate estimate
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 38,279 41,157 44,903 53,778 61,510 66,467 71,572 72,871
Other national defense........................................ 2,771 2,990 3,335 3,550 3,835 4,179 4,052 3,967
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 41,050 44,147 48,238 57,328 65,345 70,646 75,624 76,838
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 5,411 5,611 5,816 6,002 8,037 6,880 7,143 8,807
NSF......................................................... 2,446 2,566 2,803 3,235 3,439 3,638 3,823 3,833
Atomic energy general science............................... 2,246 2,287 2,298 2,480 2,701 2,809 2,900 3,246
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 10,103 10,464 10,917 11,717 14,177 13,327 13,866 15,886
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 1,265 1,336 1,197 1,325 1,387 1,272 1,478 1,337
Transportation:
NASA........................................................ 958 862 956 1,663 551 834 812 802
DOT and Other............................................... 482 514 621 634 571 472 743 667
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 1,440 1,376 1,577 2,297 1,122 1,306 1,555 1,469
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 14,568 16,387 19,374 21,835 24,498 26,039 26,634 27,499
Other....................................................... 1,310 1,804 1,802 1,817 1,726 1,541 1,543 1,531
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 15,878 18,191 21,176 23,652 26,224 27,580 28,177 29,030
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 1,294 1,519 1,493 1,628 1,694 1,758 1,762 1,581
Natural resources and environment............................. 1,687 1,749 1,856 1,919 1,612 1,878 2,103 1,933
All other..................................................... 1,230 1,307 1,457 1,574 1,818 2,079 2,838 2,630
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense............................................ 32,897 35,942 39,673 44,112 48,034 49,200 51,779 53,866
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development....................... 73,947 80,089 87,911 101,440 113,379 119,846 127,403 130,704
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 405 382 554 570 596 486 462 448
grants (all nondefense)........................................
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N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals.
Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983.