[Analytical Perspectives]
[Crosscutting Programs]
[4. Strengthening Federal Statistics]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
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4. STRENGTHENING FEDERAL STATISTICS
Federal statistical programs produce key information to inform public
and private decision makers about a range of topics of interest,
including the economy, the population, agriculture, crime, education,
energy, the environment, health, science, and transportation. The
ability of governments, businesses, and citizens to make appropriate
decisions about budgets, employment, investments, taxes, and a host of
other important matters depends critically on the ready availability of
relevant, accurate, and timely Federal statistics.
The Federal statistical community remains on alert for opportunities
to strengthen these measures of our Nation's performance. For example,
during 2005, Federal statistical agencies accelerated the release of
Gross State Product by one year and released for the first time local
area employee compensation by industry (BEA); published for the first
time a price index for U.S. imports of goods from China (BLS);
implemented the American Community Survey at its full level of three
million addresses nationwide to provide detailed population data every
month instead of once every 10 years (Census Bureau); presented primary
information about the economic well-being of America's farmers and farm
households from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey via an easy-
to-use web-based delivery tool (ERS and NASS); and undertook the first
data-sharing project under the Confidential Information Protection and
Statistical Efficiency Act to improve understanding of international
research and development investment activities of multinational
corporations (BEA, Census Bureau, and NSF's SRS). During 2006, the
Bureau of Justice Statistics will sponsor a new survey of businesses to
estimate their exposure to and the consequences of computer crime, while
the National Center for Health Statistics will field the National Survey
of Ambulatory Surgery for the first time since 1996 to provide more
comprehensive data on surgical procedures--many of which have moved from
inpatient to outpatient settings.
For Federal statistical programs to effectively benefit their wide
range of users, the underlying data systems must be viewed as credible.
In order to foster this credibility, Federal statistical programs seek
to adhere to high quality standards and to maintain integrity and
efficiency in the production of data. As the collectors and providers of
these basic statistics, the responsible agencies act as data stewards--
balancing public and private decision makers' needs for information with
legal and ethical obligations to minimize reporting burden, respect
respondents' privacy, and protect the confidentiality of the data
provided to the Government. This chapter discusses the development of
standards that principal statistical programs use to assess their
performance and presents highlights of their 2007 budget proposals.
Performance Standards
Statistical programs maintain the quality of their data or information
products as well as their credibility by setting high performance
standards for their activities. The statistical agencies and statistical
units represented on the Interagency Council on Statistical Policy
(ICSP) have collaborated on developing an initial set of common
performance standards for use under the Government Performance and
Results Act and in completing the Administration's Program Assessment
Rating Tool (PART). Federal statistical agencies have agreed that there
are six conceptual dimensions within two general areas of focus that are
key to measuring and monitoring statistical programs. The first area of
focus is Product Quality, encompassing the traditional dimensions of
relevance, accuracy, and timeliness. The second area of focus is Program
Performance, encompassing the dimensions of cost, dissemination, and
mission achievement.
Statistical agencies historically have focused on measuring
performance in the area of product quality, especially dimensions of
accuracy and timeliness that are most amenable to quantitative
measurement. Relevance, also an accepted measure of quality, can be
either a qualitative description of the usefulness of products or a
quantitative measure such as a customer satisfaction score. Relevance is
more difficult to measure, and the indicators that do exist are more
varied.
Program performance standards form the basis for evaluating
effectiveness. They address questions such as: Are taxpayer dollars
spent most effectively? Are products made available to those who need
them? Are agencies meeting their mission requirements or making it
possible for other agencies to meet their missions? The indicators
available to measure program performance for statistical activities
currently are less well developed.
Product quality and program performance standards are designed to
serve as indicators when answering specific questions in the
Administration's PART process. Chart 4-1 presents each principal Federal
statistical agency's assessment of the status of its current and planned
use of indicators on the six dimensions. During the past year, four
agencies (BTS, EIA, NASS, and SRS) have completed development of their
last few
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indicators. With the exception of cost indicators, where three agencies
(ERS, NCES, and NCHS) are still planning their measures, the ICSP
agencies have now developed performance measures for all six dimensions.
Use of the indicators may be for internal management, strategic
planning, or annual performance reporting. The dimensions shown in the
chart reflect an overall set of indicators for statistical activities,
but the specific measures vary among the individual programs depending
on their unique characteristics and requirements. Annual performance
reports and PARTs provide these specific measures, as well as additional
information about performance goals and targets and whether a program is
meeting, or making measurable progress toward meeting, its performance
goals. The examples below illustrate different ways agencies track their
performance on each dimension.
Description of Dimensions
Product Quality
Relevance: Qualitative or quantitative descriptions of the degree to which products and
services are useful to users and responsive to users' needs.
Accuracy: Qualitative or quantitative measure of important features of correctness,
validity, and reliability of data and information products measured as degree of closeness
to target values.
Timeliness: Qualitative or quantitative measure of the timing of information releases.
Program Performance
Cost: Quantitative measure of the dollar amount used to produce data products and services.
Dissemination: Qualitative or quantitative information on the availability, accessibility,
and distribution of products and services.
Mission Achievement: Qualitative or quantitative information about the effect of, or
satisfaction with, statistical programs.
Key to Statistical Agencies
BEA = Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce
BJS = Bureau of Justice Statistics, Department of Justice
BLS = Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor
BTS = Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Department of Transportation
Census = Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
EIA = Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy
ERS = Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture
NASS = National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department of Agriculture
NCES = National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education
NCHS = National Center for Health Statistics, Department of Health and Human Services
ORES = Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Administration
SOI = Statistics of Income, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury
SRS = Division of Science Resources Statistics, National Science Foundation
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Product Quality: Statistical agencies agree that product quality
encompasses many attributes, including (but not limited to) relevance,
accuracy, and timeliness. The basic measures in this group relate to the
quality of specific products, thereby providing actionable information
to managers. These are ``outcome-oriented'' measures and are key to the
usability of information products. Statistical agencies or units
establish targets and monitor how well targets are met. In some sense,
relevance relates to ``doing the right things,'' while accuracy and
timeliness relate to ``doing things right.''
Relevance: Qualitative or quantitative descriptions of the
degree to which products and services are useful and
responsive to users' needs. Relevance of data products and
analytic reports may be monitored through a professional
review process and ongoing contacts with data users. Product
relevance may be indicated by customer satisfaction with
product content, information from customers about product use,
demonstration of product improvements, comparability with
other data series, agency responses to customer suggestions
for improvement, new or customized products or services,
frequency of use, or responses to data requests from users
(including policy makers). Through a variety of professional
review activities, agencies maintain the relevance and
validity of their products, and encourage data users and other
stakeholders to contribute to the agencies' data collection
and dissemination programs. Striving for relevance requires
monitoring to ensure that information systems anticipate
change and evolve to appropriately measure our dynamic society
and economy.
Accuracy: Qualitative or quantitative measures of important
features of correctness, validity, and reliability of data and
information products measured as degree of closeness to target
values. For statistical data, accuracy may be defined as the
degree of closeness to the target value and measured as
sampling error and various aspects of nonsampling error (e.g.,
response rates, size of revisions, coverage, edit
performance). For analysis products, accuracy may be the
quality of the reasoning, reasonableness of assumptions, and
clarity of the exposition, typically measured and monitored
through review processes. In addition, accuracy is assessed
and improved by internal reviews, comparisons of data among
different surveys, linkages of survey data to administrative
records, redesigns of surveys, or expansions of sample sizes.
Timeliness: Qualitative or quantitative measure of timing
of information releases. Timeliness may be measured as time
from the close of the reference period to the release of
information, or customer satisfaction with timeliness.
Timeliness may also be measured as how well agencies meet
scheduled and publicized release dates, expressed as a percent
of release dates met.
Program Performance: Statistical agencies agree that program
performance encompasses balancing the dimensions of cost, dissemination,
and mission accomplishment for the agency as a whole; operating
efficiently and effectively; ensuring that customers receive the
information they need; and serving the information needs of the Nation.
Costs of products or programs may be used to develop efficiency
measures. Dissemination involves making sure customers receive the
information they need via the most appropriate mechanisms. Mission
achievement means that the information program makes a difference.
Hence, three key dimensions are being used to indicate program
performance: cost (input), dissemination (output), and mission
achievement (outcome).
Cost: Quantitative measure of the dollar amount to produce
data products or services. The development and use of
financial performance measures within the Federal Government
is an established goal; the intent of such measures is to
determine the ``true costs'' of various programs or
alternative modes of operation at the Federal level. Examples
of cost data include full costs of products or programs,
return on investment, dollar value of efficiencies, and ratios
of cost to products distributed.
Dissemination: Qualitative or quantitative information on
the availability, accessibility, and distribution of products
and services. Most agencies have goals to improve product
accessibility, particularly through the Internet. Typical
measures include: on-demand requests fulfilled, product
downloads, degree of accessibility, customer satisfaction with
ease of use, number of participants at user conferences,
citations of agency data in the media, number of Internet user
sessions, number of formats in which data are available,
amount of technical support provided to data users, exhibits
to inform the public about information products, issuance of
newsletters describing products, usability testing of web
sites, and assessing compliance with Section 508 of the
Rehabilitation Act, which requires Federal agencies to make
their electronic and information technology accessible to
people with disabilities.
Mission Achievement: Qualitative or quantitative
information about the effect of, or satisfaction with,
statistical programs. For Government statistical programs,
this dimension responds to the question--have we achieved our
objectives and met the expectations of our stakeholders? Under
this dimension, statistical programs document their
contributions to the goals and missions of parent departments
and other agencies, the Administration, the Congress, and
information users in the private sector and the general
public. For statistical programs, this broad dimension
involves meeting recognized societal information needs; it
also addresses the linkage between statistical outputs and
programmatic outcomes.
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However, identifying this linkage is far from
straightforward. It is frequently difficult to trace the
effects of information products on the public good. Such
products often are necessary intermediate inputs in the
creation of high visibility information whose societal benefit
is clearly recognized. For example, the economic statistics
produced by a variety of agencies are directly used by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis in the calculation of the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP), which analysts universally use to
assess changes in the level of domestic economic activity.
Similarly, statistics from specific surveys are directly used
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the calculation of the
Consumer Price Index (CPI), which is widely used in diverse
applications, such as indexing pensions for retirees. As a
result, a number of statistical agencies can claim credit for
contributing to the GDP and/or the CPI and to the many uses of
these information products. In addition, statistics produced
by Federal agencies are used to track the performance of
programs managed by their parent or other organizations
related to topics such as crime, education, energy, the
environment, health, science, and transportation.
Moreover, beyond the direct and focused uses of statistical
products, the statistical agencies and their programs serve a
diverse and dispersed set of data users working on a broad
range of applications. Users include government policy makers
at the Federal, State, and local levels, business leaders,
households, academic researchers, analysts at public policy
institutes and trade groups, marketers and planners in the
private sector, and many others. Information produced by
statistical agencies often is combined with other information
for use in the decision-making process. Thus, the relationship
between program outputs and their beneficial uses and outcomes
is often complex and difficult to track. Consequently,
agencies use both qualitative and quantitative indicators to
make this linkage as explicit as feasible.
In the absence of preferred quantitative indicators,
qualitative narratives can indicate how statistical agency
products contribute to and evaluate progress toward important
goals established for government or private programs. In
particular, narratives can highlight how statistical agencies
measure the Nation's social and economic structure, and how
the availability of the information influences changes in
policies and programs. These narratives contribute to
demonstrating mission accomplishment, particularly in response
to questions in Section I of the PART, ``program purpose and
design.'' Narratives may describe statistical information's
effects on measuring agency policy or change of policy,
supporting research focused on policy issues, informing debate
on policy issues, or providing in-house consulting support.
In addition to narratives, quantitative measures may be used
to reflect mission achievement. For example, customer
satisfaction with the statistical agency or unit indicates if
the agency or unit has met the expectations of its
stakeholders.
Of the 14 principal Federal statistical agencies that are members of
the ICSP, nine agencies have programs that have been assessed using the
PART process. Most of these agencies' programs have received PART
summary ratings of Effective or Moderately Effective, as shown in Chart
4-2. While recognizing the strength of the Energy Information
Administration's purpose and management, EIA received a rating of
``Results Not Demonstrated'' for two key reasons. As part of its 2004
strategic planning, EIA had begun to reassess its performance measures.
As a result, EIA had not yet adopted new measures, nor established
baselines and targets for the new measures. Also, EIA had no recurring
independent evaluation of its entire program. EIA is working to
establish these measures, targets, and baselines. In addition, in FY
2005 EIA initiated an independent Expert Study Team to review and assess
EIA's entire information program. This team is scheduled to provide its
report to EIA in spring 2006. As additional ICSP agencies have an
opportunity to undergo the PART process, the agencies plan to continue
to use the results of the collaborative performance standards
development effort to help maintain and extend their generally favorable
assessments.
Chart 4-2. Most Recent PART Summary Ratings for Statistical Programs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary Rating
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau of Economic Analysis Effective
Bureau of Justice Statistics Effective
Bureau of Labor Statistics Effective
Census Bureau
Current Demographic Statistics Effective
Decennial Census Moderately Effective
Intercensal Demographic Estimates Moderately Effective
Survey Sample Redesign Effective
Economic Census Effective
Current Economic Statistics/ Moderately Effective
Census of Governments
Economic Research Service Effective
Energy Information Administration Results Not Demonstrated
National Agricultural Statistics Moderately Effective
Service
National Center for Education
Statistics
Statistics Effective
Assessment Effective
National Center for Health Moderately Effective
Statistics
------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Highlights of 2007 Program Budget Proposals
The programs that provide essential statistical information for use by
governments, businesses, researchers, and the public are carried out by
some 70 agencies spread across every department and several independent
agencies. Approximately 40 percent of the funding for these programs
provides resources for 13 agencies or units that have statistical
activities as their principal mission. (Please see Table 4-1.) The
remaining funding supports work in 60-plus agencies or units that carry
out statistical activities in conjunction with other missions such as
providing services or enforcing regulations. More comprehensive budget
and program information about the Federal statistical system will be
available in OMB's annual report, Statistical Programs of the United
States Government, Fiscal Year 2007, when it is published later this
year. The following highlights elaborate on the Administration's
proposals to strengthen the programs of the principal Federal
statistical agencies.
Bureau of Economic Analysis: Funding is requested to: (1) complete
BEA's five-year program to improve the accuracy and timeliness of the
National Income and Product Accounts, including acquiring and
incorporating real-time data into the accounts to provide more current
and reliable estimates and accelerating the release of gross state
product and metropolitan personal income; (2) augment the scope of the
international economic accounts by improving the comprehensiveness of
international service statistics; (3) continue to update the input-
output accounts and industry estimates; and (4) improve and enhance
regional economic statistics.
Bureau of Justice Statistics: Funding is requested to provide for
BJS's core statistical programs, including: (1) sample restoration for
the National Crime Victimization Survey to support estimates of annual
rates of change in most types of violent crime; (2) cybercrime
statistics on the incidence, magnitude, and consequences of electronic
and computer crime to households and businesses; (3) law enforcement
data from over 3,000 agencies on the organization and administration of
police and sheriffs' departments; (4) nationally representative
prosecution data on resources, policies, and practices of local
prosecutors; (5) court and sentencing statistics, including Federal and
State case processing data; and (6) data on correctional populations and
facilities from Federal, State, and local governments.
Bureau of Labor Statistics: Funding is requested to support program
operations to measure the economy through producing, disseminating, and
improving BLS economic measures, including activities to: (1) begin
updating continuously the housing and geographic area samples in the
Consumer Price Index (CPI), which will improve the accuracy and
timeliness of the CPI; (2) continue to modernize the computing systems
for monthly processing of the Producer Price Index (PPI) and U.S. Import
and Export Price Indexes (IPP); and (3) expand the Business Employment
Dynamics data within the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages to
cover State level measures of gross job gains and gross job losses.
Bureau of Transportation Statistics: Funding is requested to: (1)
conduct the Commodity Flow Survey, a major national benchmark survey of
shippers; (2) release monthly trade statistics on the commodities and
mode of transportation used with our largest trading partners; (3)
produce a core set of economic data and indicators including the
Government Transportation Financial Report, multi-factor productivity
measures, the State Transit Expenditure Survey, the Transportation
Services Index, and the Air Travel Price Index; (4) produce and release
the National Transportation Atlas Data Base, a compendium of national
geospatial transportation data; (5) provide statistics in reference
reports such as the Annual Report to Congress, the Pocket Guide to
Transportation, the National Transportation Statistics Report, and the
Transportation Services Index; and (6) carry out a national
transportation information needs assessment, a new Congressional mandate
to prioritize transportation data needs and data collections, and
estimate their implementation costs.
Census Bureau: Funding is requested for the Census Bureau's ongoing
economic and demographic programs and for a re-engineered 2010 Census.
For the Census Bureau's economic and demographic programs, funding is
requested to: (1) develop the collection instruments and processing
systems for the 2007 Economic Census; (2) collect and process data in
the organization phase of the Census of Governments, prepare and
initiate data collection and processing in the employment phase, and
collect and process data for the start of the finance phase; and (3)
design a new data collection system on income and wealth dynamics that
will meet the policy and operational needs of the country and replace
the Survey of Income and Program Participation. For 2010 Census
planning, funding is requested to continue to: (1) conduct planning,
testing, and development activities to support a re-engineered 2010
Census; (2) improve the accuracy of map feature locations for an
additional 690 counties; and (3) continue to conduct the American
Community Survey program to provide small area demographic data on an
ongoing basis rather than waiting for once-a-decade censuses.
Economic Research Service: Funding is requested to: (1) implement an
Agricultural and Rural Development Information System, a comprehensive
data collection and research program to ensure that sufficient data will
consistently be available to monitor the changing economic health and
structure of the farm and rural economies and to assess the economic
well-being of
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farm and non-farm households in rural areas; and (2) extend ERS's
integrated and comprehensive data and analysis framework, the Consumer
Data and Information System, to include data on the consumption of food
away from home, which will improve the ability of policy officials to
understand, monitor, track, and identify changes in food supply and
consumption patterns.
Energy Information Administration: Funding is requested to continue
ongoing operations to: (1) maintain critical energy data coverage,
analysis, and forecasting; (2) increase global oil and gas data and
modeling capabilities through EIA's International Oil and Gas Markets
and Energy Security Initiative, which will provide the basis for an
enhanced global dialogue on the development and use of these key energy
resources; (3) improve data reliability and statistical accuracy through
EIA's Energy Data Quality Improvements Initiative, which will redesign
key petroleum and natural gas surveys whose data drive investment and
trade decisions, improve market function, and lead to efficient pricing;
and (4) improve the ability to assess and forecast supply, demand, and
technology trends affecting U.S. and world energy markets through the
U.S. Energy Model Replacement Initiative.
National Agricultural Statistics Service: Funding is requested to: (1)
continue restoration and modernization of the agricultural estimates
program to ensure State, regional, and national level agricultural
estimates of sufficient precision, quality, and detail to meet the needs
of a broad customer base; and (2) finalize preparations for data
collection associated with the 2007 Census of Agriculture, including
collection of data to measure coverage of the mailing list and the
preparation of all materials for data collection in 2008.
National Center for Education Statistics: Funding is requested to
support: (1) on-going longitudinal studies, including the Early
Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth and Kindergarten Cohorts and the
Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002; (2) the Common Core of Data,
which collects information on enrollment, completions, and finances from
public elementary and secondary institutions; (3) the Integrated
Postsecondary Education Data System, which collects information on
enrollment, completions, and finances from postsecondary institutions;
(4) the National Postsecondary Student Aid Survey, a comprehensive study
that examines how students and their families pay for postsecondary
education; (5) U.S. participation in international assessments that
compare educational achievement in the United States with that in other
countries; (6) the Schools and Staffing Survey, which provides
information on public and private schools, the principals who head these
schools, and the teachers who work in them; (7) a new longitudinal study
that will follow an eighth grade cohort through the year following
timely high school completion, and (8) expansion of the National
Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the only nationally
representative and continuing assessment of what American students know
and can do, to produce State estimates for grade 12.
National Center for Health Statistics: Funding is requested to: (1)
continue data collection, analysis, and release for key national health
data systems including the National Vital Statistics System, National
Health Interview Survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey, and National Health Care Survey; (2) continue gains in
timeliness by implementing systems improvements in data collection and
processing; (3) complete efforts to expand the content of surveys,
particularly those addressing the health care delivery system; (4)
implement the sample redesign for the National Health Interview Survey,
NCHS' largest population survey; and (5) work collaboratively with
States and other agencies on upgrading the technology for collecting
data from State birth and death certificates.
Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, SSA: Funding is
requested to: (1) continue a strategic planning project to modernize
ORES' processes for developing and disseminating data from the agency's
major administrative data files for statistical purposes, (2) support
outside surveys and linkage of Social Security Administration (SSA)
administrative data to surveys, (3) create a new public-use file of
administrative data on earnings histories and benefits for a sample of
Social Security Numbers, and (4) evaluate the usefulness and
confidentiality protection of a file being developed for public use that
synthesizes data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation
that is linked to SSA administrative records.
Science Resources Statistics Division, NSF: Funding is requested to:
(1) improve the relevance, accuracy, timeliness, and accessibility of
SRS statistical products, including the suite of research and
development surveys; (2) extend the data, tools, and knowledge needed to
develop, on an internationally comparable basis, a new set of science
metrics in order to evaluate reliably the returns from past research and
development investments and to forecast, within tolerable margins of
error, likely returns from future investments; and (3) gather additional
data on postdoctorate positions to address a major gap in Science and
Engineering personnel data.
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Statistics of Income Division, IRS: Funding is requested to: (1)
maintain and modernize tax data collection systems, including developing
interfaces with modern electronic tax return filing systems; (2)
implement a databank repository for SOI and IRS population file data to
more efficiently build longitudinal databases and enable sub-national
estimates; (3) examine means to more effectively mask individual records
to minimize the possibility of identification in the Individual Public
Use Sample files; and (4) modernize and expedite dissemination of data
and publications, including enhancement of products and features on the
www.irs.gov/taxstats website.
Table 4-1. 2005-2007 BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR PRINCIPAL STATISTICAL AGENCIES
(in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Estimate
2005 -------------------------
Actual 2006 \1\ 2007
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau of Economic Analysis \2\.......................................... 73 76 76
Bureau of Justice Statistics \3\......................................... 47 46 60
Bureau of Labor Statistics............................................... 529 537 563
Bureau of Transportation Statistics...................................... 26 27 27
Census Bureau \4\........................................................ 765 822 898
Salaries and Expenses \4\.............................................. 216 216 204
Periodic Censuses and Programs......................................... 549 606 694
Economic Research Service \5\............................................ 74 75 83
Energy Information Administration........................................ 84 85 90
National Agricultural Statistics Service \6\............................. 128 139 153
National Center for Education Statistics................................. 185 183 190
Statistics............................................................. 91 90 93
Assessment............................................................. 89 88 92
National Assessment Governing Board.................................... 5 5 5
National Center for Health Statistics \7\................................ 109 109 109
Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, SSA...................... 17 19 17
Science Resources Statistics Division, NSF............................... 31 33 36
Statistics of Income Division, IRS....................................... 38 41 41
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Reflects any recissions.
\2\ 2005 figure includes $2 million for a NAPA study of off-shoring.
\3\ The 2005 and 2006 figures include funds for management and administrative costs that were previously
displayed separately.
\4\ Includes Mandatory Appropriations of $20 million for each year for the Survey of Program Dynamics and
collection of data related to the allocation to States of State Chidren's Health Insurance Program funds.
\5\ 2007 funding assumes the reallocation of $350,000 provided in 2006 for a comprehensive report on the
economic development and current status of the sheep industry in the United States. Funding for that purpose
will not be needed in 2007.
\6\ Includes funds for the periodic Census of Agriculture of $22, $29, and $37 million in 2005, 2006, and 2007,
respectively. The 2007 estimate includes an increase of $7.25 million due to cyclical activities for the
Census of Agriculture.
\7\ All funds from the Public Health Service Evaluation Fund. Administrative costs for NCHS that previously were
displayed as part of the NCHS budget line are now reflected in two consolidated CDC-wide budget lines for
management and administrative costs.