    [Analytical Perspectives]
    [Crosscutting Programs]
    [4. Strengthening Federal Statistics]
    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

    [[Page 35]]

                      4.  STRENGTHENING FEDERAL STATISTICS

      Federal statistical programs produce key information to inform public
    and private decision makers about a range of topics of interest,
    including the economy, the population, agriculture, crime, education,
    energy, the environment, health, science, and transportation. The
    ability of governments, businesses, and citizens to make appropriate
    decisions about budgets, employment, investments, taxes, and a host of
    other important matters depends critically on the ready availability of
    relevant, accurate, and timely Federal statistics.
      The Federal statistical community remains on alert for opportunities
    to strengthen these measures of our Nation's performance. For example,
    during 2005, Federal statistical agencies accelerated the release of
    Gross State Product by one year and released for the first time local
    area employee compensation by industry (BEA); published for the first
    time a price index for U.S. imports of goods from China (BLS);
    implemented the American Community Survey at its full level of three
    million addresses nationwide to provide detailed population data every
    month instead of once every 10 years (Census Bureau); presented primary
    information about the economic well-being of America's farmers and farm
    households from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey via an easy-
    to-use web-based delivery tool (ERS and NASS); and undertook the first
    data-sharing project under the Confidential Information Protection and
    Statistical Efficiency Act to improve understanding of international
    research and development investment activities of multinational
    corporations (BEA, Census Bureau, and NSF's SRS). During 2006, the
    Bureau of Justice Statistics will sponsor a new survey of businesses to
    estimate their exposure to and the consequences of computer crime, while
    the National Center for Health Statistics will field the National Survey
    of Ambulatory Surgery for the first time since 1996 to provide more
    comprehensive data on surgical procedures--many of which have moved from
    inpatient to outpatient settings.
      For Federal statistical programs to effectively benefit their wide
    range of users, the underlying data systems must be viewed as credible.
    In order to foster this credibility, Federal statistical programs seek
    to adhere to high quality standards and to maintain integrity and
    efficiency in the production of data. As the collectors and providers of
    these basic statistics, the responsible agencies act as data stewards--
    balancing public and private decision makers' needs for information with
    legal and ethical obligations to minimize reporting burden, respect
    respondents' privacy, and protect the confidentiality of the data
    provided to the Government. This chapter discusses the development of
    standards that principal statistical programs use to assess their
    performance and presents highlights of their 2007 budget proposals.

                              Performance Standards

      Statistical programs maintain the quality of their data or information
    products as well as their credibility by setting high performance
    standards for their activities. The statistical agencies and statistical
    units represented on the Interagency Council on Statistical Policy
    (ICSP) have collaborated on developing an initial set of common
    performance standards for use under the Government Performance and
    Results Act and in completing the Administration's Program Assessment
    Rating Tool (PART). Federal statistical agencies have agreed that there
    are six conceptual dimensions within two general areas of focus that are
    key to measuring and monitoring statistical programs. The first area of
    focus is Product Quality, encompassing the traditional dimensions of
    relevance, accuracy, and timeliness. The second area of focus is Program
    Performance, encompassing the dimensions of cost, dissemination, and
    mission achievement.
      Statistical agencies historically have focused on measuring
    performance in the area of product quality, especially dimensions of
    accuracy and timeliness that are most amenable to quantitative
    measurement. Relevance, also an accepted measure of quality, can be
    either a qualitative description of the usefulness of products or a
    quantitative measure such as a customer satisfaction score. Relevance is
    more difficult to measure, and the indicators that do exist are more
    varied.
      Program performance standards form the basis for evaluating
    effectiveness. They address questions such as: Are taxpayer dollars
    spent most effectively? Are products made available to those who need
    them? Are agencies meeting their mission requirements or making it
    possible for other agencies to meet their missions? The indicators
    available to measure program performance for statistical activities
    currently are less well developed.
      Product quality and program performance standards are designed to
    serve as indicators when answering specific questions in the
    Administration's PART process. Chart 4-1 presents each principal Federal
    statistical agency's assessment of the status of its current and planned
    use of indicators on the six dimensions. During the past year, four
    agencies (BTS, EIA, NASS, and SRS) have completed development of their
    last few

    [[Page 36]]

    indicators. With the exception of cost indicators, where three agencies
    (ERS, NCES, and NCHS) are still planning their measures, the ICSP
    agencies have now developed performance measures for all six dimensions.
    Use of the indicators may be for internal management, strategic
    planning, or annual performance reporting. The dimensions shown in the
    chart reflect an overall set of indicators for statistical activities,
    but the specific measures vary among the individual programs depending
    on their unique characteristics and requirements. Annual performance
    reports and PARTs provide these specific measures, as well as additional
    information about performance goals and targets and whether a program is
    meeting, or making measurable progress toward meeting, its performance
    goals. The examples below illustrate different ways agencies track their
    performance on each dimension.

    Description of Dimensions

    Product Quality

    Relevance: Qualitative or quantitative descriptions of the degree to which products and
     services are useful to users and responsive to users' needs.

    Accuracy: Qualitative or quantitative measure of important features of correctness,
     validity, and reliability of data and information products measured as degree of closeness
     to target values.

    Timeliness: Qualitative or quantitative measure of the timing of information releases.

    Program Performance

    Cost: Quantitative measure of the dollar amount used to produce data products and services.

    Dissemination: Qualitative or quantitative information on the availability, accessibility,
     and distribution of products and services.

    Mission Achievement: Qualitative or quantitative information about the effect of, or
     satisfaction with, statistical programs.

    Key to Statistical Agencies

    BEA = Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce
    BJS = Bureau of Justice Statistics, Department of Justice
    BLS = Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor
    BTS = Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Department of Transportation
    Census = Census Bureau, Department of Commerce
    EIA = Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy
    ERS = Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture
    NASS = National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department of Agriculture
    NCES = National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education
    NCHS = National Center for Health Statistics, Department of Health and Human Services
    ORES = Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Social Security Administration
    SOI = Statistics of Income, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury
    SRS = Division of Science Resources Statistics, National Science Foundation

    [[Page 37]]

      Product Quality: Statistical agencies agree that product quality
    encompasses many attributes, including (but not limited to) relevance,
    accuracy, and timeliness. The basic measures in this group relate to the
    quality of specific products, thereby providing actionable information
    to managers. These are ``outcome-oriented'' measures and are key to the
    usability of information products. Statistical agencies or units
    establish targets and monitor how well targets are met. In some sense,
    relevance relates to ``doing the right things,'' while accuracy and
    timeliness relate to ``doing things right.''

                 Relevance: Qualitative or quantitative descriptions of the
              degree to which products and services are useful and
              responsive to users' needs. Relevance of data products and
              analytic reports may be monitored through a professional
              review process and ongoing contacts with data users. Product
              relevance may be indicated by customer satisfaction with
              product content, information from customers about product use,
              demonstration of product improvements, comparability with
              other data series, agency responses to customer suggestions
              for improvement, new or customized products or services,
              frequency of use, or responses to data requests from users
              (including policy makers). Through a variety of professional
              review activities, agencies maintain the relevance and
              validity of their products, and encourage data users and other
              stakeholders to contribute to the agencies' data collection
              and dissemination programs. Striving for relevance requires
              monitoring to ensure that information systems anticipate
              change and evolve to appropriately measure our dynamic society
              and economy.

                 Accuracy: Qualitative or quantitative measures of important
              features of correctness, validity, and reliability of data and
              information products measured as degree of closeness to target
              values. For statistical data, accuracy may be defined as the
              degree of closeness to the target value and measured as
              sampling error and various aspects of nonsampling error (e.g.,
              response rates, size of revisions, coverage, edit
              performance). For analysis products, accuracy may be the
              quality of the reasoning, reasonableness of assumptions, and
              clarity of the exposition, typically measured and monitored
              through review processes. In addition, accuracy is assessed
              and improved by internal reviews, comparisons of data among
              different surveys, linkages of survey data to administrative
              records, redesigns of surveys, or expansions of sample sizes.

                 Timeliness: Qualitative or quantitative measure of timing
              of information releases. Timeliness may be measured as time
              from the close of the reference period to the release of
              information, or customer satisfaction with timeliness.
              Timeliness may also be measured as how well agencies meet
              scheduled and publicized release dates, expressed as a percent
              of release dates met.

      Program Performance:  Statistical agencies agree that program
    performance encompasses balancing the dimensions of cost, dissemination,
    and mission accomplishment for the agency as a whole; operating
    efficiently and effectively; ensuring that customers receive the
    information they need; and serving the information needs of the Nation.
    Costs of products or programs may be used to develop efficiency
    measures. Dissemination involves making sure customers receive the
    information they need via the most appropriate mechanisms. Mission
    achievement means that the information program makes a difference.
    Hence, three key dimensions are being used to indicate program
    performance: cost (input), dissemination (output), and mission
    achievement (outcome).

                 Cost: Quantitative measure of the dollar amount to produce
              data products or services. The development and use of
              financial performance measures within the Federal Government
              is an established goal; the intent of such measures is to
              determine the ``true costs'' of various programs or
              alternative modes of operation at the Federal level. Examples
              of cost data include full costs of products or programs,
              return on investment, dollar value of efficiencies, and ratios
              of cost to products distributed.

                 Dissemination: Qualitative or quantitative information on
              the availability, accessibility, and distribution of products
              and services. Most agencies have goals to improve product
              accessibility, particularly through the Internet. Typical
              measures include: on-demand requests fulfilled, product
              downloads, degree of accessibility, customer satisfaction with
              ease of use, number of participants at user conferences,
              citations of agency data in the media, number of Internet user
              sessions, number of formats in which data are available,
              amount of technical support provided to data users, exhibits
              to inform the public about information products, issuance of
              newsletters describing products, usability testing of web
              sites, and assessing compliance with Section 508 of the
              Rehabilitation Act, which requires Federal agencies to make
              their electronic and information technology accessible to
              people with disabilities.

                 Mission Achievement: Qualitative or quantitative
              information about the effect of, or satisfaction with,
              statistical programs. For Government statistical programs,
              this dimension responds to the question--have we achieved our
              objectives and met the expectations of our stakeholders? Under
              this dimension, statistical programs document their
              contributions to the goals and missions of parent departments
              and other agencies, the Administration, the Congress, and
              information users in the private sector and the general
              public. For statistical programs, this broad dimension
              involves meeting recognized societal information needs; it
              also addresses the linkage between statistical outputs and
              programmatic outcomes.

    [[Page 38]]

                However, identifying this linkage is far from
              straightforward. It is frequently difficult to trace the
              effects of information products on the public good. Such
              products often are necessary intermediate inputs in the
              creation of high visibility information whose societal benefit
              is clearly recognized. For example, the economic statistics
              produced by a variety of agencies are directly used by the
              Bureau of Economic Analysis in the calculation of the Gross
              Domestic Product (GDP), which analysts universally use to
              assess changes in the level of domestic economic activity.
              Similarly, statistics from specific surveys are directly used
              by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the calculation of the
              Consumer Price Index (CPI), which is widely used in diverse
              applications, such as indexing pensions for retirees. As a
              result, a number of statistical agencies can claim credit for
              contributing to the GDP and/or the CPI and to the many uses of
              these information products. In addition, statistics produced
              by Federal agencies are used to track the performance of
              programs managed by their parent or other organizations
              related to topics such as crime, education, energy, the
              environment, health, science, and transportation.

                Moreover, beyond the direct and focused uses of statistical
              products, the statistical agencies and their programs serve a
              diverse and dispersed set of data users working on a broad
              range of applications. Users include government policy makers
              at the Federal, State, and local levels, business leaders,
              households, academic researchers, analysts at public policy
              institutes and trade groups, marketers and planners in the
              private sector, and many others. Information produced by
              statistical agencies often is combined with other information
              for use in the decision-making process. Thus, the relationship
              between program outputs and their beneficial uses and outcomes
              is often complex and difficult to track. Consequently,
              agencies use both qualitative and quantitative indicators to
              make this linkage as explicit as feasible.

                In the absence of preferred quantitative indicators,
              qualitative narratives can indicate how statistical agency
              products contribute to and evaluate progress toward important
              goals established for government or private programs. In
              particular, narratives can highlight how statistical agencies
              measure the Nation's social and economic structure, and how
              the availability of the information influences changes in
              policies and programs. These narratives contribute to
              demonstrating mission accomplishment, particularly in response
              to questions in Section I of the PART, ``program purpose and
              design.'' Narratives may describe statistical information's
              effects on measuring agency policy or change of policy,
              supporting research focused on policy issues, informing debate
              on policy issues, or providing in-house consulting support.

                In addition to narratives, quantitative measures may be used
              to reflect mission achievement. For example, customer
              satisfaction with the statistical agency or unit indicates if
              the agency or unit has met the expectations of its
              stakeholders.

      Of the 14 principal Federal statistical agencies that are members of
    the ICSP, nine agencies have programs that have been assessed using the
    PART process. Most of these agencies' programs have received PART
    summary ratings of Effective or Moderately Effective, as shown in Chart
    4-2. While recognizing the strength of the Energy Information
    Administration's purpose and management, EIA received a rating of
    ``Results Not Demonstrated'' for two key reasons. As part of its 2004
    strategic planning, EIA had begun to reassess its performance measures.
    As a result, EIA had not yet adopted new measures, nor established
    baselines and targets for the new measures. Also, EIA had no recurring
    independent evaluation of its entire program. EIA is working to
    establish these measures, targets, and baselines. In addition, in FY
    2005 EIA initiated an independent Expert Study Team to review and assess
    EIA's entire information program. This team is scheduled to provide its
    report to EIA in spring 2006. As additional ICSP agencies have an
    opportunity to undergo the PART process, the agencies plan to continue
    to use the results of the collaborative performance standards
    development effort to help maintain and extend their generally favorable
    assessments.

      Chart 4-2.  Most Recent PART Summary Ratings for Statistical Programs
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Summary Rating
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Bureau of Economic Analysis          Effective

    Bureau of Justice Statistics         Effective

    Bureau of Labor Statistics           Effective

    Census Bureau
      Current Demographic Statistics     Effective
      Decennial Census                   Moderately Effective
      Intercensal Demographic Estimates  Moderately Effective
      Survey Sample Redesign             Effective
      Economic Census                    Effective
      Current Economic Statistics/       Moderately Effective
       Census of Governments

    Economic Research Service            Effective

    Energy Information Administration    Results Not Demonstrated

    National Agricultural Statistics     Moderately Effective
     Service

    National Center for Education
     Statistics
      Statistics                         Effective
      Assessment                         Effective

    National Center for Health           Moderately Effective
     Statistics
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    [[Page 39]]

                   Highlights of 2007 Program Budget Proposals

      The programs that provide essential statistical information for use by
    governments, businesses, researchers, and the public are carried out by
    some 70 agencies spread across every department and several independent
    agencies. Approximately 40 percent of the funding for these programs
    provides resources for 13 agencies or units that have statistical
    activities as their principal mission. (Please see Table 4-1.) The
    remaining funding supports work in 60-plus agencies or units that carry
    out statistical activities in conjunction with other missions such as
    providing services or enforcing regulations. More comprehensive budget
    and program information about the Federal statistical system will be
    available in OMB's annual report, Statistical Programs of the United
    States Government, Fiscal Year 2007, when it is published later this
    year. The following highlights elaborate on the Administration's
    proposals to strengthen the programs of the principal Federal
    statistical agencies.

      Bureau of Economic Analysis: Funding is requested to: (1) complete
    BEA's five-year program to improve the accuracy and timeliness of the
    National Income and Product Accounts, including acquiring and
    incorporating real-time data into the accounts to provide more current
    and reliable estimates and accelerating the release of gross state
    product and metropolitan personal income; (2) augment the scope of the
    international economic accounts by improving the comprehensiveness of
    international service statistics; (3) continue to update the input-
    output accounts and industry estimates; and (4) improve and enhance
    regional economic statistics.
      Bureau of Justice Statistics: Funding is requested to provide for
    BJS's core statistical programs, including: (1) sample restoration for
    the National Crime Victimization Survey to support estimates of annual
    rates of change in most types of violent crime; (2) cybercrime
    statistics on the incidence, magnitude, and consequences of electronic
    and computer crime to households and businesses; (3) law enforcement
    data from over 3,000 agencies on the organization and administration of
    police and sheriffs' departments; (4) nationally representative
    prosecution data on resources, policies, and practices of local
    prosecutors; (5) court and sentencing statistics, including Federal and
    State case processing data; and (6) data on correctional populations and
    facilities from Federal, State, and local governments.
      Bureau of Labor Statistics: Funding is requested to support program
    operations to measure the economy through producing, disseminating, and
    improving BLS economic measures, including activities to: (1) begin
    updating continuously the housing and geographic area samples in the
    Consumer Price Index (CPI), which will improve the accuracy and
    timeliness of the CPI; (2) continue to modernize the computing systems
    for monthly processing of the Producer Price Index (PPI) and U.S. Import
    and Export Price Indexes (IPP); and (3) expand the Business Employment
    Dynamics data within the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages to
    cover State level measures of gross job gains and gross job losses.
      Bureau of Transportation Statistics: Funding is requested to: (1)
    conduct the Commodity Flow Survey, a major national benchmark survey of
    shippers; (2) release monthly trade statistics on the commodities and
    mode of transportation used with our largest trading partners; (3)
    produce a core set of economic data and indicators including the
    Government Transportation Financial Report, multi-factor productivity
    measures, the State Transit Expenditure Survey, the Transportation
    Services Index, and the Air Travel Price Index; (4) produce and release
    the National Transportation Atlas Data Base, a compendium of national
    geospatial transportation data; (5) provide statistics in reference
    reports such as the Annual Report to Congress, the Pocket Guide to
    Transportation, the National Transportation Statistics Report, and the
    Transportation Services Index; and (6) carry out a national
    transportation information needs assessment, a new Congressional mandate
    to prioritize transportation data needs and data collections, and
    estimate their implementation costs.
      Census Bureau: Funding is requested for the Census Bureau's ongoing
    economic and demographic programs and for a re-engineered 2010 Census.
    For the Census Bureau's economic and demographic programs, funding is
    requested to: (1) develop the collection instruments and processing
    systems for the 2007 Economic Census; (2) collect and process data in
    the organization phase of the Census of Governments, prepare and
    initiate data collection and processing in the employment phase, and
    collect and process data for the start of the finance phase; and (3)
    design a new data collection system on income and wealth dynamics that
    will meet the policy and operational needs of the country and replace
    the Survey of Income and Program Participation. For 2010 Census
    planning, funding is requested to continue to: (1) conduct planning,
    testing, and development activities to support a re-engineered 2010
    Census; (2) improve the accuracy of map feature locations for an
    additional 690 counties; and (3) continue to conduct the American
    Community Survey program to provide small area demographic data on an
    ongoing basis rather than waiting for once-a-decade censuses.
      Economic Research Service: Funding is requested to: (1) implement an
    Agricultural and Rural Development Information System, a comprehensive
    data collection and research program to ensure that sufficient data will
    consistently be available to monitor the changing economic health and
    structure of the farm and rural economies and to assess the economic
    well-being of

    [[Page 40]]

    farm and non-farm households in rural areas; and (2) extend ERS's
    integrated and comprehensive data and analysis framework, the Consumer
    Data and Information System, to include data on the consumption of food
    away from home, which will improve the ability of policy officials to
    understand, monitor, track, and identify changes in food supply and
    consumption patterns.
      Energy Information Administration: Funding is requested to continue
    ongoing operations to: (1) maintain critical energy data coverage,
    analysis, and forecasting; (2) increase global oil and gas data and
    modeling capabilities through EIA's International Oil and Gas Markets
    and Energy Security Initiative, which will provide the basis for an
    enhanced global dialogue on the development and use of these key energy
    resources; (3) improve data reliability and statistical accuracy through
    EIA's Energy Data Quality Improvements Initiative, which will redesign
    key petroleum and natural gas surveys whose data drive investment and
    trade decisions, improve market function, and lead to efficient pricing;
    and (4) improve the ability to assess and forecast supply, demand, and
    technology trends affecting U.S. and world energy markets through the
    U.S. Energy Model Replacement Initiative.
      National Agricultural Statistics Service: Funding is requested to: (1)
    continue restoration and modernization of the agricultural estimates
    program to ensure State, regional, and national level agricultural
    estimates of sufficient precision, quality, and detail to meet the needs
    of a broad customer base; and (2) finalize preparations for data
    collection associated with the 2007 Census of Agriculture, including
    collection of data to measure coverage of the mailing list and the
    preparation of all materials for data collection in 2008.
      National Center for Education Statistics: Funding is requested to
    support: (1) on-going longitudinal studies, including the Early
    Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth and Kindergarten Cohorts and the
    Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002; (2) the Common Core of Data,
    which collects information on enrollment, completions, and finances from
    public elementary and secondary institutions; (3) the Integrated
    Postsecondary Education Data System, which collects information on
    enrollment, completions, and finances from postsecondary institutions;
    (4) the National Postsecondary Student Aid Survey, a comprehensive study
    that examines how students and their families pay for postsecondary
    education; (5) U.S. participation in international assessments that
    compare educational achievement in the United States with that in other
    countries; (6) the Schools and Staffing Survey, which provides
    information on public and private schools, the principals who head these
    schools, and the teachers who work in them; (7) a new longitudinal study
    that will follow an eighth grade cohort through the year following
    timely high school completion, and (8) expansion of the National
    Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the only nationally
    representative and continuing assessment of what American students know
    and can do, to produce State estimates for grade 12.
      National Center for Health Statistics: Funding is requested to: (1)
    continue data collection, analysis, and release for key national health
    data systems including the National Vital Statistics System, National
    Health Interview Survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination
    Survey, and National Health Care Survey; (2) continue gains in
    timeliness by implementing systems improvements in data collection and
    processing; (3) complete efforts to expand the content of surveys,
    particularly those addressing the health care delivery system; (4)
    implement the sample redesign for the National Health Interview Survey,
    NCHS' largest population survey; and (5) work collaboratively with
    States and other agencies on upgrading the technology for collecting
    data from State birth and death certificates.
      Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, SSA: Funding is
    requested to: (1) continue a strategic planning project to modernize
    ORES' processes for developing and disseminating data from the agency's
    major administrative data files for statistical purposes, (2) support
    outside surveys and linkage of Social Security Administration (SSA)
    administrative data to surveys, (3) create a new public-use file of
    administrative data on earnings histories and benefits for a sample of
    Social Security Numbers, and (4) evaluate the usefulness and
    confidentiality protection of a file being developed for public use that
    synthesizes data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation
    that is linked to SSA administrative records.
      Science Resources Statistics Division, NSF: Funding is requested to:
    (1) improve the relevance, accuracy, timeliness, and accessibility of
    SRS statistical products, including the suite of research and
    development surveys; (2) extend the data, tools, and knowledge needed to
    develop, on an internationally comparable basis, a new set of science
    metrics in order to evaluate reliably the returns from past research and
    development investments and to forecast, within tolerable margins of
    error, likely returns from future investments; and (3) gather additional
    data on postdoctorate positions to address a major gap in Science and
    Engineering personnel data.

    [[Page 41]]

      Statistics of Income Division, IRS: Funding is requested to: (1)
    maintain and modernize tax data collection systems, including developing
    interfaces with modern electronic tax return filing systems; (2)
    implement a databank repository for SOI and IRS population file data to
    more efficiently build longitudinal databases and enable sub-national
    estimates; (3) examine means to more effectively mask individual records
    to minimize the possibility of identification in the Individual Public
    Use Sample files; and (4) modernize and expedite dissemination of data
    and publications, including enhancement of products and features on the
    www.irs.gov/taxstats website.

                        Table 4-1.  2005-2007 BUDGET AUTHORITY FOR PRINCIPAL STATISTICAL AGENCIES
                                                (in millions of dollars)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                    Estimate
                                                                                   2005    -------------------------
                                                                                  Actual      2006 \1\       2007
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Bureau of Economic Analysis \2\..........................................          73           76           76

    Bureau of Justice Statistics \3\.........................................          47           46           60

    Bureau of Labor Statistics...............................................         529          537          563

    Bureau of Transportation Statistics......................................          26           27           27

    Census Bureau \4\........................................................         765          822          898
      Salaries and Expenses \4\..............................................         216          216          204
      Periodic Censuses and Programs.........................................         549          606          694

    Economic Research Service \5\............................................          74           75           83

    Energy Information Administration........................................          84           85           90

    National Agricultural Statistics Service \6\.............................         128          139          153

    National Center for Education Statistics.................................         185          183          190
      Statistics.............................................................          91           90           93
      Assessment.............................................................          89           88           92
      National Assessment Governing Board....................................           5            5            5

    National Center for Health Statistics \7\................................         109          109          109

    Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, SSA......................          17           19           17

    Science Resources Statistics Division, NSF...............................          31           33           36

    Statistics of Income Division, IRS.......................................          38           41           41

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Reflects any recissions.
    \2\ 2005 figure includes $2 million for a NAPA study of off-shoring.
    \3\ The 2005 and 2006 figures include funds for management and administrative costs that were previously
      displayed separately.
    \4\ Includes Mandatory Appropriations of $20 million for each year for the Survey of Program Dynamics and
      collection of data related to the allocation to States of State Chidren's Health Insurance Program funds.
    \5\ 2007 funding assumes the reallocation of $350,000 provided in 2006 for a comprehensive report on the
      economic development and current status of the sheep industry in the United States. Funding for that purpose
      will not be needed in 2007.
    \6\ Includes funds for the periodic Census of Agriculture of $22, $29, and $37 million in 2005, 2006, and 2007,
      respectively. The 2007 estimate includes an increase of $7.25 million due to cyclical activities for the
      Census of Agriculture.
    \7\ All funds from the Public Health Service Evaluation Fund. Administrative costs for NCHS that previously were
      displayed as part of the NCHS budget line are now reflected in two consolidated CDC-wide budget lines for
      management and administrative costs.