[Historical Tables]
[Section 9 - Federal Government Outlays for Major Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and Training]
[Table 9.8 - Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949-2005]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
[[Page 174]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2005
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense.............................. 688 700 775 1,100 1,412 1,385 1,397 1,683 1,882
Other national defense............................. 74 72 71 104 141 166 153 215 252
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Total national defense........................... 762 772 846 1,204 1,553 1,551 1,550 1,898 2,134
==================================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA............................................. 42 43 44 51 50 48 43 50 55
NSF.............................................. ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 4 8 15 28
Atomic energy general science.................... 40 49 50 60 63 64 73 78 91
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Subtotal....................................... 82 92 94 111 113 116 124 143 174
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 27 42 77
Transportation:
NASA............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A .........
DOT and Other.................................... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH.............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Other............................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 45 51 69 81 134
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture........................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A 49 53 62 82 86
Natural resources and environment.................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 38 38 32 38 45
All other \1\ ..................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 50 39 31 42 48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ............................ 178 282 279 291 295 297 345 428 577
==================================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ ....... 940 1,054 1,125 1,495 1,848 1,848 1,895 2,326 2,711
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development 11 14 14 14 14 13 21 31 40
classified as grants (all nondefense)...............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 175]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2005--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense.............................. 2,178 4,950 5,517 6,466 6,689 6,792 7,419 6,623 6,675
Other national defense............................. 281 414 420 456 401 352 446 454 422
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense........................... 2,459 5,364 5,937 6,922 7,090 7,144 7,865 7,077 7,097
==================================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA............................................. 72 115 330 646 1,112 2,291 3,693 4,497 5,275
NSF.............................................. 31 47 57 70 84 100 147 147 176
Atomic energy general science.................... 126 157 183 214 231 264 288 309 339
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Subtotal....................................... 229 319 570 930 1,427 2,655 4,128 4,953 5,790
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Energy............................................. 109 129 159 173 397 462 502 478 452
Transportation:
NASA............................................. ......... ......... ......... ......... 31 36 40 58 75
DOT and Other.................................... 26 53 77 89 83 111 107 159 117
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Subtotal....................................... 26 53 77 89 114 147 147 217 192
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH.............................................. N/A N/A 247 295 398 511 637 523 536
Other............................................ N/A N/A 30 35 36 40 66 67 202
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Subtotal....................................... 157 216 277 330 434 551 703 590 738
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture........................................ 97 104 107 117 129 142 154 179 205
Natural resources and environment.................. 54 88 68 106 100 118 120 140 160
All other \1\ ..................................... 57 111 127 119 146 146 177 206 284
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Total nondefense \1\ ............................ 729 1,020 1,385 1,864 2,747 4,221 5,931 6,763 7,821
==================================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ ....... 3,188 6,384 7,322 8,786 9,837 11,365 13,796 13,840 14,918
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development 46 55 57 58 66 75 85 100 110
classified as grants (all nondefense)...............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 176]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2005--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 7,649 8,071 7,762 7,519 7,639 8,238 8,529 8,960
Other national defense........................................ 419 473 552 502 469 599 610 446
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 8,068 8,544 8,314 8,021 8,108 8,837 9,139 9,406
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 5,042 4,462 4,025 3,518 3,143 3,059 3,045 2,900
NSF......................................................... 209 248 280 292 334 407 432 539
Atomic energy general science............................... 359 281 385 393 380 370 372 292
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Subtotal.................................................. 5,610 4,991 4,690 4,203 3,857 3,836 3,849 3,731
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 478 515 469 451 454 329 379 525
Transportation:
NASA........................................................ 89 128 162 183 205 221 235 283
DOT and Other............................................... 69 107 96 224 444 291 299 322
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Subtotal.................................................. 158 235 258 407 649 512 534 605
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 795 784 859 879 912 1,096 1,318 1,413
Other....................................................... 110 199 214 194 211 279 341 245
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Subtotal.................................................. 905 983 1,073 1,073 1,123 1,375 1,659 1,658
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 215 231 232 246 268 296 293 315
Natural resources and environment............................. 181 207 232 301 351 507 539 511
All other \1\ ................................................ 347 466 392 451 599 611 643 683
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Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 7,894 7,628 7,346 7,132 7,301 7,466 7,896 8,028
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 15,962 16,172 15,660 15,153 15,409 16,303 17,035 17,434
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 125 140 152 167 182 206 224 238
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 177]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2005--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 9,284 9,341 2,312 10,210 10,726 11,045 13,469 15,739
Other national defense........................................ 431 478 143 664 1,351 1,083 1,174 1,199
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 9,715 9,819 2,455 10,874 12,077 12,129 14,643 16,937
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 2,876 3,227 846 3,506 3,454 3,655 4,262 4,798
NSF......................................................... 571 623 194 668 701 775 838 900
Atomic energy general science............................... 310 257 72 267 274 305 345 501
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 3,757 4,107 1,112 4,441 4,429 4,735 5,445 6,199
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 933 1,424 521 2,197 2,542 3,304 3,289 3,681
Transportation:
NASA........................................................ 309 324 82 336 379 408 449 481
DOT and Other............................................... 307 329 100 315 326 350 412 409
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 616 653 182 651 705 758 861 890
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 1,631 2,098 548 1,314 2,439 2,626 2,898 3,352
Other....................................................... 258 194 130 335 325 614 784 732
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 1,889 2,292 678 1,649 2,764 3,240 3,682 4,084
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 352 416 100 469 499 549 563 643
Natural resources and environment............................. 647 646 166 585 675 895 951 912
All other \1\ ................................................ 627 631 -14 577 841 715 801 822
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Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 8,821 10,169 2,745 10,569 12,455 14,196 15,592 17,231
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 18,536 19,988 5,200 21,443 24,532 26,325 30,235 34,168
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 249 285 80 272 252 256 288 251
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 178]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2005--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 18,363 20,566 23,850 28,165 33,396 34,732 35,605 37,819
Other national defense........................................ 1,447 1,732 1,915 2,195 2,260 2,365 2,427 2,547
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 19,809 22,298 25,765 30,360 35,656 37,097 38,032 40,366
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 2,697 1,999 3,023 2,410 2,863 2,693 3,252 4,220
NSF......................................................... 1,020 998 1,127 1,182 1,399 1,426 1,513 1,570
Atomic energy general science............................... 401 464 505 510 510 576 618 680
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 4,118 3,461 4,656 4,102 4,772 4,695 5,383 6,470
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 3,330 2,728 2,762 4,249 2,622 2,321 2,287 2,454
Transportation:
NASA........................................................ 523 539 515 559 568 557 580 755
DOT and Other............................................... 341 270 342 467 489 347 323 322
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 864 809 857 1,027 1,057 905 903 1,077
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 3,435 3,532 3,942 4,412 4,837 4,942 6,022 6,634
Other....................................................... 906 929 617 719 738 869 849 912
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Subtotal.................................................. 4,341 4,461 4,560 5,131 5,574 5,811 6,872 7,546
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 696 717 754 775 798 796 838 908
Natural resources and environment............................. 838 856 846 884 924 886 1,052 1,056
All other \1\ ................................................ 664 570 787 689 738 745 732 883
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 14,850 13,602 15,221 16,856 16,485 16,159 18,068 20,394
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 34,660 35,900 40,986 47,216 52,141 53,256 56,100 60,760
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 290 197 223 215 319 464 478 412
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 179]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2005--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 38,247 35,330 35,504 37,666 35,474 35,356 36,936 37,702
Other national defense........................................ 2,831 2,557 2,666 2,730 2,581 2,343 2,492 2,475
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 41,078 37,887 38,170 40,396 38,055 37,699 39,428 40,177
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 5,624 6,277 6,641 7,004 6,663 8,243 6,963 8,137
NSF......................................................... 1,520 1,631 1,733 1,753 1,873 1,894 2,077 2,015
Atomic energy general science............................... 784 834 784 789 669 700 705 703
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 7,927 8,741 9,157 9,546 9,205 10,837 9,745 10,855
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 2,342 2,501 2,593 2,517 2,654 3,152 2,938 2,641
Transportation:
NASA........................................................ 701 795 976 1,084 1,215 749 1,120 1,237
DOT and Other............................................... 272 333 373 420 519 604 534 545
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 973 1,127 1,348 1,504 1,734 1,353 1,654 1,782
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 7,092 7,257 7,936 9,063 9,620 10,299 9,642 10,599
Other....................................................... 1,162 1,272 1,721 1,311 1,008 961 856 859
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 8,253 8,528 9,656 10,374 10,628 11,260 10,498 11,458
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 937 990 1,070 1,129 1,158 1,186 1,168 1,178
Natural resources and environment............................. 1,220 1,323 1,593 1,762 1,747 1,662 1,610 1,590
All other \1\ ................................................ 1,081 1,085 1,141 1,150 1,271 1,283 1,398 1,392
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 22,732 24,296 26,558 27,982 28,397 30,733 29,011 30,896
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 63,810 62,183 64,728 68,378 66,453 68,432 68,439 71,073
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 345 401 296 344 376 348 303 290
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 180]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2005--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2004 2005
Category 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 estimate estimate
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 37,558 37,571 38,279 41,157 44,903 53,778 61,347 67,041
Other national defense........................................ 2,583 2,705 2,771 2,990 3,335 3,550 4,449 4,363
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 40,141 40,276 41,050 44,147 48,238 57,328 65,796 71,404
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 8,631 8,316 5,411 5,611 5,816 6,002 7,148 7,921
NSF......................................................... 2,010 2,144 2,446 2,566 2,803 3,235 3,473 3,727
Atomic energy general science............................... 1,862 2,087 2,246 2,287 2,298 2,480 2,718 2,624
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 12,503 12,547 10,103 10,464 10,917 11,717 13,339 14,272
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 1,526 1,285 1,265 1,336 1,197 1,325 1,504 1,621
Transportation:
NASA........................................................ 1,250 1,117 958 862 956 1,663 1,026 1,000
DOT and Other............................................... 528 465 482 514 621 634 978 1,086
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 1,778 1,582 1,440 1,376 1,577 2,297 2,004 2,086
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 11,853 13,027 14,568 16,387 19,374 21,835 24,559 26,698
Other....................................................... 865 1,306 1,310 1,804 1,802 1,817 1,654 1,932
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 12,718 14,333 15,878 18,191 21,176 23,652 26,213 28,630
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 1,200 1,200 1,294 1,519 1,493 1,628 1,651 1,567
Natural resources and environment............................. 1,653 1,732 1,687 1,749 1,856 1,919 1,905 2,058
All other \1\ ................................................ 1,284 1,181 1,230 1,307 1,457 1,574 2,594 2,353
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 32,662 33,860 32,897 35,942 39,673 44,112 49,210 52,587
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 72,803 74,136 73,947 80,089 87,911 101,440 115,006 123,991
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 302 308 405 382 554 570 755 1,131
grants (all nondefense)........................................
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\1\ Includes off-budget Postal Service amounts as shown in the footnote to Table 9.7.
N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals.
Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983.