[Historical Tables]
[Section 9 - Federal Government Outlays for Major Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and Training]
[Table 9.8 - Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949-2003]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2003
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 688 700 775 1,100 1,412 1,385 1,397 1,683
Other national defense........................................ 74 72 71 104 141 166 153 215
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Total national defense...................................... 762 772 846 1,204 1,553 1,551 1,550 1,898
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 42 43 44 51 50 48 43 50
NSF......................................................... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 4 8 15
Atomic energy general science............................... 40 49 50 60 63 64 73 78
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Subtotal.................................................. 82 92 94 111 113 116 124 143
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 27 42
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Other....................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 45 51 69 81
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 49 53 62 82
Natural resources and environment............................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 38 38 32 38
All other \1\ ................................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A 50 39 31 42
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 178 282 279 291 295 297 345 428
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 940 1,054 1,125 1,495 1,848 1,848 1,895 2,326
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 11 14 14 14 14 13 21 31
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 173]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2003--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 1,882 2,178 4,950 5,517 6,466 6,689 6,792 7,419
Other national defense........................................ 252 281 414 420 456 401 352 446
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 2,134 2,459 5,364 5,937 6,922 7,090 7,144 7,865
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 55 72 115 330 646 1,112 2,291 3,693
NSF......................................................... 28 31 47 57 70 84 100 147
Atomic energy general science............................... 91 126 157 183 214 231 264 288
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Subtotal.................................................. 174 229 319 570 930 1,427 2,655 4,128
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 77 109 129 159 173 397 462 502
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 13 26 53 77 89 83 111 107
NASA........................................................ ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 31 36 40
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 13 26 53 77 89 114 147 147
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... N/A N/A N/A 247 295 398 511 637
Other....................................................... N/A N/A N/A 30 35 36 40 66
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 134 157 216 277 330 434 551 703
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 86 97 104 107 117 129 142 154
Natural resources and environment............................. 45 54 88 68 106 100 118 120
All other \1\ ................................................ 48 57 111 127 119 146 146 177
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 577 729 1,020 1,385 1,864 2,747 4,221 5,931
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 2,711 3,188 6,384 7,322 8,786 9,837 11,365 13,796
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 40 46 55 57 58 66 75 85
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 174]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2003--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 6,623 6,675 7,649 8,071 7,762 7,519 7,639 8,238
Other national defense........................................ 454 422 419 473 552 502 469 599
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 7,077 7,097 8,068 8,544 8,314 8,021 8,108 8,837
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 4,497 5,275 5,042 4,462 4,025 3,518 3,143 3,059
NSF......................................................... 147 176 209 248 280 292 334 407
Atomic energy general science............................... 309 339 359 281 385 393 380 370
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Subtotal.................................................. 4,953 5,790 5,610 4,991 4,690 4,203 3,857 3,836
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 478 452 478 515 469 451 454 329
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 159 117 69 107 96 224 444 291
NASA........................................................ 58 75 89 128 162 183 205 221
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Subtotal.................................................. 217 192 158 235 258 407 649 512
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 523 536 795 784 859 879 912 1,096
Other....................................................... 67 202 110 199 214 194 211 279
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Subtotal.................................................. 590 738 905 983 1,073 1,073 1,123 1,375
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 179 205 215 231 232 246 268 296
Natural resources and environment............................. 140 160 181 207 232 301 351 507
All other \1\ ................................................ 206 284 347 466 392 451 599 611
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 6,763 7,821 7,894 7,628 7,346 7,132 7,301 7,466
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 13,840 14,918 15,962 16,172 15,660 15,153 15,409 16,303
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 100 110 125 140 152 167 182 206
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 175]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2003--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979
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National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 8,529 8,960 9,284 9,341 2,312 10,210 10,726 11,045
Other national defense........................................ 610 446 431 478 143 664 1,351 1,083
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 9,139 9,406 9,715 9,819 2,455 10,874 12,077 12,129
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 3,045 2,900 2,876 3,227 846 3,506 3,454 3,655
NSF......................................................... 432 539 571 623 194 668 701 775
Atomic energy general science............................... 372 292 310 257 72 267 274 305
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Subtotal.................................................. 3,849 3,731 3,757 4,107 1,112 4,441 4,429 4,735
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 379 525 933 1,424 521 2,197 2,542 3,304
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 299 322 307 329 100 315 326 350
NASA........................................................ 235 283 309 324 82 336 379 408
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 534 605 616 653 182 651 705 758
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 1,318 1,413 1,631 2,098 548 1,314 2,439 2,626
Other....................................................... 341 245 258 194 130 335 325 614
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Subtotal.................................................. 1,659 1,658 1,889 2,292 678 1,649 2,764 3,240
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 293 315 352 416 100 469 499 549
Natural resources and environment............................. 539 511 647 646 166 585 675 895
All other \1\ ................................................ 643 683 627 631 -14 577 841 715
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Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 7,896 8,028 8,821 10,169 2,745 10,569 12,455 14,196
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 17,035 17,434 18,536 19,988 5,200 21,443 24,532 26,325
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 224 238 249 285 80 272 252 256
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 176]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2003--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 13,469 15,739 18,363 20,566 23,850 28,165 33,396 34,732
Other national defense........................................ 1,174 1,199 1,447 1,732 1,915 2,195 2,260 2,365
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 14,643 16,937 19,809 22,298 25,765 30,360 35,656 37,097
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 4,262 4,798 2,697 1,999 3,023 2,410 2,863 2,693
NSF......................................................... 838 900 1,020 998 1,127 1,182 1,399 1,426
Atomic energy general science............................... 345 501 401 464 505 510 510 576
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 5,445 6,199 4,118 3,461 4,656 4,102 4,772 4,695
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 3,289 3,681 3,330 2,728 2,762 4,249 2,622 2,321
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 412 409 341 270 342 467 489 347
NASA........................................................ 449 481 523 539 515 559 568 557
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Subtotal.................................................. 861 890 864 809 857 1,027 1,057 905
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 2,898 3,352 3,435 3,532 3,942 4,412 4,837 4,942
Other....................................................... 784 732 906 929 617 719 738 869
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Subtotal.................................................. 3,682 4,084 4,341 4,461 4,560 5,131 5,574 5,811
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 563 643 696 717 754 775 798 796
Natural resources and environment............................. 951 912 838 856 846 884 924 886
All other \1\ ................................................ 801 822 664 570 787 689 738 745
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 15,592 17,231 14,850 13,602 15,221 16,856 16,485 16,159
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 30,235 34,168 34,660 35,900 40,986 47,216 52,141 53,256
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 288 251 290 197 223 215 319 464
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 177]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2003--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 35,605 37,819 38,247 35,330 35,504 37,666 35,474 35,356
Other national defense........................................ 2,427 2,547 2,831 2,557 2,666 2,730 2,581 2,343
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 38,032 40,366 41,078 37,887 38,170 40,396 38,055 37,699
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 3,252 4,220 5,624 6,277 6,641 7,004 6,663 8,243
NSF......................................................... 1,513 1,570 1,520 1,631 1,733 1,753 1,873 1,894
Atomic energy general science............................... 618 680 784 834 784 789 669 700
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 5,383 6,470 7,927 8,741 9,157 9,546 9,205 10,837
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 2,287 2,454 2,342 2,501 2,593 2,517 2,654 3,152
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 323 322 272 333 373 420 519 604
NASA........................................................ 580 755 701 795 976 1,084 1,215 749
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Subtotal.................................................. 903 1,077 973 1,127 1,348 1,504 1,734 1,353
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 6,022 6,634 7,092 7,257 7,936 9,063 9,620 10,299
Other....................................................... 849 912 1,162 1,272 1,721 1,311 1,008 961
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 6,872 7,546 8,253 8,528 9,656 10,374 10,628 11,260
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 838 908 937 990 1,070 1,129 1,158 1,186
Natural resources and environment............................. 1,052 1,056 1,220 1,323 1,593 1,762 1,747 1,662
All other \1\ ................................................ 732 883 1,081 1,085 1,141 1,150 1,271 1,283
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 18,068 20,394 22,732 24,296 26,558 27,982 28,397 30,733
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 56,100 60,760 63,810 62,183 64,728 68,378 66,453 68,432
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 478 412 345 401 296 344 376 348
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 178]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2003--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2003
Category 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 estimate estimate
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 36,936 37,702 37,558 37,571 38,279 45,454 50,213 56,311
Other national defense........................................ 2,492 2,475 2,583 2,705 2,771 2,990 4,133 3,628
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 39,428 40,177 40,141 40,276 41,050 48,444 54,346 59,939
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 6,963 8,137 8,631 8,316 5,411 6,060 6,085 6,847
NSF......................................................... 2,077 2,015 2,010 2,144 2,446 2,566 2,943 3,085
Atomic energy general science............................... 705 703 1,862 2,087 2,246 2,287 2,425 2,486
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 9,745 10,855 12,503 12,547 10,103 10,913 11,453 12,418
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 2,938 2,641 1,526 1,285 1,265 1,336 1,635 1,596
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 534 545 528 465 482 514 710 812
NASA........................................................ 1,120 1,237 1,250 1,117 958 906 498 791
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 1,654 1,782 1,778 1,582 1,440 1,420 1,208 1,603
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 9,642 10,599 11,853 13,027 14,568 17,905 21,257 24,051
Other....................................................... 856 859 865 1,306 1,310 1,804 2,174 2,150
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 10,498 11,458 12,718 14,333 15,878 19,709 23,431 26,201
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 1,168 1,178 1,200 1,200 1,294 1,519 1,643 1,658
Natural resources and environment............................. 1,610 1,590 1,653 1,732 1,687 1,749 1,897 1,888
All other \1\ ................................................ 1,398 1,392 1,284 1,181 1,230 1,307 1,667 1,645
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 29,011 30,896 32,662 33,860 32,897 37,953 42,934 47,009
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 68,439 71,073 72,803 74,136 73,947 86,397 97,280 106,948
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 303 290 302 308 405 382 450 569
grants (all nondefense)........................................
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\1\ Includes off-budget Postal Service amounts as shown in the footnote to Table 9.7.
N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals.
Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983.