[Appendix]
[Detailed Budget Estimates by Agency]
[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2003
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Human Space Flight
(including transfer of funds)
For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct
and support of human space flight research and development activities,
including research, development, operations, support and services;
maintenance; construction of facilities including repair,
rehabilitation, revitalization and modification of facilities,
construction of new facilities and additions to existing facilities,
facility planning and design, environmental compliance and restoration,
and acquisition or condemnation of real property, as authorized by law;
space flight, spacecraft control and communications activities including
operations, production, and services; program management; personnel and
related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefor, as authorized
by 5 U.S.C. 5901-5902; travel expenses; purchase and hire of passenger
motor vehicles; not to exceed [$20,000] $24,000 for official reception
and representation expenses; and purchase, lease, charter, maintenance
and operation of mission and administrative aircraft, [$6,912,400,000]
$6,172,900,000, to remain available until September 30, [2003] 2004, of
which amounts as determined by the Administrator for salaries and
benefits; training, travel and awards; facility and related costs;
information technology services; science, engineering, fabricating and
testing services; and other administrative services may be transferred
to ``Science, aeronautics and technology'' in accordance with section
312(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, as amended by
Public Law 106-377. (Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and
Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002;
additional authorizing legislation required.)
[For emergency expenses to respond to the September 11, 2001,
terrorist attacks on the United States, for ``Human space flight'',
$76,000,000, to remain available until expended, to be obligated from
amounts made available in Public Law 107-38.] (Emergency Supplemental
Act, 2002.)
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0111-0-1-252 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
Direct program:
00.01 Space station................... 2,089 1,734 1,503
00.02 Payload and ELV support......... 92 95 88
00.03 Investments and support......... 152 1,250 1,219
00.04 Space shuttle................... 3,201 3,152 3,211
00.05 Space communications and data
systems....................... 458 136
00.07 Safety, mission assurance &
engineering................... 45 48
09.01 Reimbursable program.............. 176 248 150
--------- --------- ----------
10.00 Total new obligations........... 5,710 6,982 6,355
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, start of year.......... 167 171 310
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 5,673 7,121 6,323
22.10 Resources available from
recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... 41
--------- --------- ----------
23.90 Total budgetary resources
available for obligation...... 5,881 7,292 6,633
23.95 Total new obligations............. -5,710 -6,982 -6,355
24.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, end of year............ 171 310 278
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 5,508 6,797 6,173
40.15 Appropriation (emergency)....... 76
40.77 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
554 (0.22 percent)............ -12
--------- --------- ----------
43.00 Appropriation (total
discretionary).............. 5,496 6,873 6,173
Spending authority from offsetting
collections:
68.00 Offsetting collections (cash)... 174 248 150
68.10 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources
(unexpired)................... 3
--------- --------- ----------
68.90 Spending authority from
offsetting collections
(total discretionary)....... 177 248 150
--------- --------- ----------
70.00 Total new budget authority
(gross)....................... 5,673 7,121 6,323
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in obligated balances:
72.40 Obligated balance, start of year.. 1,813 1,468 1,651
73.10 Total new obligations............. 5,710 6,982 6,355
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -6,006 -6,799 -6,496
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -8
73.45 Recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... -41
74.00 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources
(unexpired)..................... -3
74.10 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources
(expired)....................... 3
74.40 Obligated balance, end of year.... 1,468 1,651 1,510
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 4,254 4,949 4,373
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 1,752 1,850 2,123
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 6,006 6,799 6,496
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Offsets:
Against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (cash)
from:
88.00 Federal sources............... -147 -207 -117
88.40 Non-Federal sources........... -30 -41 -33
--------- --------- ----------
88.90 Total, offsetting
collections (cash)........ -177 -248 -150
Against gross budget authority only:
88.95 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources
(unexpired)................... -3
88.96 Portion of offsetting
collections (cash) credited to
expired accounts.............. 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 5,496 6,873 6,173
90.00 Outlays........................... 5,829 6,551 6,346
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority and Outlays Excluding Full Funding for Federal Retiree
Costs (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 5,451 6,830 6,131
90.00 Outlays........................... 5,784 6,508 6,304
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This appropriation provides funding for Human Space Flight (HSF)
activities, and for safety, mission assurance and engineering activities
supporting the Agency. The HSF activities include development and
operations of the Space Station and operation of the Space Shuttle. This
includes high priority investments to improve the safety of the Space
Shuttle, and required construction projects in direct support of Space
Station and Space Shuttle programs. This appropriation also provides
for: salaries and related expenses; design, repair, rehabilitation, and
modification of facilities and construction of new facilities;
maintenance, and operation of facilities; and other operations
activities supporting human space flight programs; and space operations,
safety, mission assurance and engineering activities that support the
Agency.
In 2001, the HSF account provided only for the direct funding of
human space flight activities; space operations services had been funded
within the Science, Aeronautics and Technology (SAT) account; and
safety, mission assurance and engineering had been funded within the
Mission Support account. Since 2002, other than direct costs (which
includes Research and Program Management and non-programmatic
Construction of Facilities) are allocated to either the HSF or the SAT
account based on the number of full time equivalent people.
[[Page 1024]]
Performance Objectives
Space Station.--The International Space Station (ISS) is a complex
of research laboratories in low Earth orbit in which American, Russian,
Canadian, European, and Japanese astronauts are conducting unique
scientific and technological investigations in a microgravity
environment. The goal of the Station is to support scientific research
and other activities requiring the unique attributes of humans in space
and establish a permanent human presence in Earth orbit. The President's
2003 Budget request provides funding for continued development of the
vehicle and for operations in support of continued assembly, logistics
resupply, crew exchange, research operations and other utilization. With
nine assembly missions successfully completed, the budget includes
funding to keep subsequent assembly missions on schedule through U.S.
Core Complete (Flight 10A), currently planned for calendar year 2004, to
support early research commensurate with the build-up of on-orbit
utilization capabilities and resources.
In early calendar year 2001, NASA launched the U.S. Laboratory and
the first set of research equipment necessary for conducting experiments
on the Space Station. Subsequent flights enabled the installation of the
Canadian robotic arm, additional research equipment for the U.S.
Laboratory, installation of the Russian docking compartment, and
transport of the 3rd and 4th crew expeditions. By mid-calendar year
2001, the U.S. Airlock had been installed, allowing spacewalks to be
conducted without the Space Shuttle present, and marking completion of
Phase 2 of the Space Station assembly. The first utilization flight in
December 2001 greatly expanded the number of research payloads on-orbit,
and raised the number of research investigations initiated to over 40.
Crew training, payload processing, hardware element processing, and
mission operations were supported without major ground anomalies, and
all but two on-orbit subsystems performed above predicted levels,
resulting in a lower than expected maintenance workload. This lower
maintenance workload, coupled with the commitment of the expedition
crews to dedicate time for conducting research experiments, resulted in
research activities that exceeded expectations. NASA will seek to exceed
expectations for research productivity by achieving astronaut time
dedicated to research in excess of the planned 20 hours per week. During
2002, three of the major truss elements constituting the power block
will be deployed to orbit, Expeditions 5 and 6 will be deployed, and a
second utilization flight will expand science capabilities even further.
In calendar year 2003, activation of the thermal system will be
completed, two of the three remaning solar array modules will be
deployed, and both the S6 truss and Node 2, the final components of the
U.S. Core Complete, should be delivered to NASA for final integration
and pre-flight test and checkout to support planned launches in calendar
year 2004.
As required by both the NASA Authorization Act (PL 106-391) and the
2002 VA/HUD Appropriations Act (P.L. 107-73), the ISS research budget is
transferred to the Biological and Physical Research Enterprise in 2002.
The remaining ISS budget supports completion of the U.S. Core Complete
and allows the program to press ahead with the integration of the
partners' research modules. A NASA cost estimate, and an independent
cost estimate (ICE) of the cost to assemble and operate the U.S. Core
Complete will be completed by September 2002. The 2002 appropriation
directed a general reduction in the station budget of $75M, which
eliminated reserves fenced for guaranteed carryover into 2003. The
appropriation also earmarked $40M for X-38 efforts that was originally
planned to cover X-38 plus continued work on Node 3 and the advanced
environmental control system. NASA plans to fund the Node 3 and
environmental control work into the 2nd quarter of 2002, when a decision
will be made to continue those efforts or to cancel them.
Consistent with the recommendations in the ISS Management and Cost
Evaluation (IMCE) Task Force, and direction from the Administration,
NASA will develop a Cost Analysis Requirements Document (CARD) to
support cost estimates of the U.S. Core Complete baseline. NASA will
also develop an integrated management action plan based on
recommendations of the IMCE Task Force, and begin implementation of
those actions. NASA will also report to the Administration and to
Congress its plans for a non-governmental organization (NGO) for ISS
research, and the results of discussions with the International Partners
on ways to increase on-orbit resources for station research, in
particular innovative methods for increasing crew availability. The ISS
Program is pressing ahead with final flight hardware deliveries, and
completion of the current prime contract in December 2003. Requirements
for follow-on support are being reviewed and estimated, and a plan to
competitively award contracts for the station's operations phase will be
released this Spring.
Payload and Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) Support.--The Payload
Carriers and Support budget provides technical expertise, facilities,
flight carrier hardware and capabilities necessary to provide end-to-end
servicing of multiple payloads to be flown aboard the Space Shuttle.
During 2001, six pallets were used in Space Shuttle missions. In 2002
and 2003, over 20 major and secondary payloads will be supported,
including major hardware for International Space Station assembly and
operations.
The ELV Mission Support budget provides funds for technical and
management insight of commercial launch services, including advanced
mission design/analysis and leading-edge integration services, which are
provided for the full range of NASA missions under consideration for
launch on ELVs. During 2001, eight ELV missions were launched.
Integration and technical management of 11 launches, including one
secondary, are planned in 2002. In 2003, support for ten launches,
including one secondary, is planned.
Investments and Support.--NASA's rocket propulsion test project will
ensure that unique capabilities are properly managed and maintained in
world-class condition. The project will significantly enhance NASA's
ability to properly manage rocket testing activities and infrastructure
across all four participating NASA centers. Engineering and technical
base (ETB) activity will continue to: support the institutional
capability in the operation of space flight laboratories, technical
facilities, and testbeds; conduct independent safety, and reliability
assessments; and stimulate science and technical competence in the
United States. Funding for other direct costs associated with Human
Space Flight, which were funded in the Mission Support account prior to
2002, are also funded within investments and support. This includes
research and program management costs and non-programmatic construction
of facilities costs.
Space Shuttle.--The Space Shuttle is a partially reusable space
vehicle that provides several unique capabilities to the United States
space program. These include retrieving pay-loads from orbit for reuse,
servicing and repairing satellites in space, safely transporting humans
to and from space, launching ISS components and providing an assembly
platform in space, and operating and returning space laboratories.
In 2001, the Space Shuttle launched seven flights, all of which were
ISS assembly and servicing missions. Seven flights are planned during
2002 including a dedicated microgravity research flight and another HST
Servicing Mission (HST-3B) and five ISS assembly and servicing missions.
In
[[Page 1025]]
2003, four flights are planned, all of which are ISS assembly and
servicing missions. In support of the research objectives of the Space
Station, the Space Shuttle will commit a minimum of five powered mid-
deck lockers on each mission to deliver necessary research equipment and
specimens.
NASA will aggressively pursue Space Shuttle competitive sourcing as
an important step in transitioning NASA from infrastructure ownership
and operation to purchasing space transportation services where
possible. NASA will seek industry comment on its plans early this year,
leading to release of a solicitation for competitive sourcing. NASA will
prepare a Cost Analysis Requirements Document (CARD) to support NASA and
independent cost estimates of Space Shuttle operations and safety
investments, similar to estimates being done for the Space Station.
These estimates, to be completed by September, 2002, will provide an
important baseline from which to assess competitive sourcing options.
The President's 2003 Budget supports key Space Shuttle safety
investments as part of NASA's Integrated Space Transportation Plan. NASA
will seek to accelerate the implementation of safety investments, to
begin achieving safety gains in Shuttle operations as quickly as
possible. The President's 2003 Budget also supports investments in the
Space Shuttle infrastructure, as necessary to address safety issues and
critical repair and revitalization activities.
Space Communications and Data Systems.--The program goal is to
support NASA's Enterprises and external customers with Space
Communications and Data System (SCDS) services that are responsive to
customer needs. Additionally, the program performs infrastructure
upgrades and replenishment efforts necessary to maintain the service
capabilities that satisfy the approved mission model. The program
conducts technology and standards infusion efforts to provide more
efficient and effective services. The Space Communications Office at
Headquarters manages and directs an integrated Agency-wide Space
Communications and Data Systems program.
Beginning in 2002, a decentralized management process has been
implemented that involves transferring most management and budget
responsibilities previously performed by the Space Operations Management
Office to the appropriate Enterprises. Beginning in 2003, the Deep Space
Network, Ground Network and Western Aeronautical Test Range will be
managed by NASA's Enterprises. The Office of Space Flight will continue
to perform overall program integration, including the management of
Consolidated Space Operations Contract, which is now in its fourth year
of providing data services to both NASA and non-NASA customers.
The TDRS-8 spacecraft, which completed on-orbit checkout in
September 2000, is working well and meets all user service
telecommunications performance requirements except for a Multiple Access
(MA) performance anomaly. Modifications to the TDRS-I and TDRS-J
spacecraft flight hardware and test program as a result of the MA
investigation have been implemented. TDRS-I launch is now planned for
February 2002. The launch of TDRS-J is slated for October 2002.
Safety, Mission Assurance and Engineering.--The Safety and Mission
Assurance program invests in the safety and success of NASA missions by
assuring that sound and robust policies, processes, and tools for
safety, reliability, quality assurance, and engineering disciplines are
in place and applied throughout NASA. The program also examines long-
term technology requirements for NASA's strategic objectives. The
Engineering program, managed by the Office of the Chief Engineer (OCE),
oversees the conduct and improvement of NASA's engineering practice and
independently evaluates ongoing programs, proposed concepts, and options
for new programs. The OCE establishes policies, standards, guidance, and
support for improving NASA engineering practices and technical
capabilities, and manages the NASA Electronics Parts and Packaging
Program, which supports evaluation and infusion of advanced electronic
parts and packaging technology into NASA programs.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0111-0-1-252 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent........... 537 569
11.3 Other than full-time permanent 5 5
11.5 Other personnel compensation.. 17 16
11.8 Special personal services
payments.................... 13 13
--------- --------- ----------
11.9 Total personnel compensation 572 603
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits..... 45 166 173
21.0 Travel and transportation of
persons....................... 23 23
22.0 Transportation of things........ 4 4 4
23.1 Rental payments to GSA.......... 7 7
23.2 Rental payments to others....... 1 1 1
23.3 Communications, utilities, and
miscellaneous charges......... 40 56 39
24.0 Printing and reproduction....... 2 2 2
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 56 60 55
25.2 Other services.................. 286 307 282
25.3 Other purchases of goods and
services from Government
accounts...................... 64 69 63
25.4 Operation and maintenance of
facilities.................... 1,955 2,163 1,925
25.5 Research and development
contracts..................... 2,667 2,860 2,619
25.7 Operation and maintenance of
equipment..................... 32 34 32
26.0 Supplies and materials.......... 164 176 162
31.0 Equipment....................... 96 103 95
32.0 Land and structures............. 66 71 65
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions................. 56 60 55
--------- --------- ----------
99.0 Direct obligations............ 5,534 6,734 6,205
99.0 Reimbursable obligations.......... 176 248 150
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 5,710 6,982 6,355
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Personnel Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0111-0-1-252 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct:
1001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 7,143 6,912
Reimbursable:
2001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 30 30
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Science, Aeronautics and Technology
(including transfer of funds)
For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct
and support of science, aeronautics and technology research and
development activities, including research, development, operations,
support and services; maintenance; construction of facilities including
repair, rehabilitation, revitalization, and modification of facilities,
construction of new facilities and additions to existing facilities,
facility planning and design, environmental compliance and restoration,
and acquisition or condemnation of real property, as authorized by law;
space flight, spacecraft control and communications activities including
operations, production, and services; program management; personnel and
related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefor, as authorized
by 5 U.S.C. 5901-5902; travel expenses; purchase and hire of passenger
motor vehicles; not to exceed [$20,000] $24,000 for official reception
and representation expenses; and purchase, lease, charter, maintenance
and operation of mission and administrative aircraft, [$7,857,100,000]
$8,918,500,000 to remain available until September 30, [2003] 2004, of
which amounts as determined by the Administrator for salaries and
benefits; training, travel and awards; facility and related costs;
information technology services; science, engineering, fabricating and
testing services; and other administrative services may be transferred
to ``Human space flight'' in accordance with section 312(b) of the
National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, as amended by Public Law
106-377[, except that no funds may be transferred to the program budget
element for the Space Station]. (Departments of Veterans Affairs and
Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations
Act, 2002; additional authorizing legislation required.)
[[Page 1026]]
[For emergency expenses to respond to the September 11, 2001,
terrorist attacks on the United States, for ``Science, aeronautics and
technology'', $32,500,000, to remain available until expended, to be
obligated from amounts made available in Public Law 107-38.] (Emergency
Supplemental Act, 2002.)
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0110-0-1-999 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
Direct program:
00.01 Space science................... 2,326 2,888 3,402
00.02 Biological and physical research 291 846 849
00.03 Earth science................... 1,445 1,690 1,640
00.04 Aerospace technology............ 1,382 2,529 2,838
00.05 Space operations................ 503 18
00.06 Academic programs............... 132 207 161
00.07 Mission communication services.. 9
09.01 Reimbursable program.............. 517 598 632
--------- --------- ----------
10.00 Total new obligations........... 6,605 8,776 9,522
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, start of year.......... 306 448 385
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 6,752 8,712 9,550
22.10 Resources available from
recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... 20
--------- --------- ----------
23.90 Total budgetary resources
available for obligation...... 7,078 9,160 9,935
23.95 Total new obligations............. -6,605 -8,776 -9,522
23.98 Unobligated balance expiring or
withdrawn....................... -25
24.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, end of year............ 448 385 414
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 6,249 8,082 8,918
40.15 Appropriation (emergency)....... 32
40.77 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
554 (0.22 percent)............ -14
--------- --------- ----------
43.00 Appropriation (total
discretionary).............. 6,235 8,114 8,918
68.00 Spending authority from offsetting
collections: Offsetting
collections (cash).............. 517 598 632
--------- --------- ----------
70.00 Total new budget authority
(gross)....................... 6,752 8,712 9,550
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in obligated balances:
72.40 Obligated balance, start of year.. 3,046 3,360 4,179
73.10 Total new obligations............. 6,605 8,776 9,522
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -6,283 -7,957 -9,063
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -5
73.45 Recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... -20
74.10 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources
(expired)....................... 17
74.40 Obligated balance, end of year.... 3,360 4,179 4,638
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 3,307 4,826 5,279
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 2,976 3,131 3,784
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 6,283 7,957 9,063
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Offsets:
Against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (cash)
from:
88.00 Federal sources............... -493 -550 -590
88.40 Non-Federal sources........... -38 -48 -42
--------- --------- ----------
88.90 Total, offsetting
collections (cash)........ -531 -598 -632
Against gross budget authority only:
88.96 Portion of offsetting
collections (cash) credited to
expired accounts.............. 14
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 6,235 8,114 8,918
90.00 Outlays........................... 5,752 7,359 8,431
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority and Outlays Excluding Full Funding for Federal Retiree
Costs (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 6,177 8,047 8,844
90.00 Outlays........................... 5,694 7,292 8,357
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This appropriation provides for the Science, Aeronautics and
Technology (SAT) supporting the Agency. The SAT activities include space
science, biological and physical research including research for the
International Space Station, earth science, aerospace technology, and
academic programs. This appropriation also provides for salaries and
related expenses; design, repair, rehabilitation, and modification of
facilities and construction of new facilities; maintenance and operation
of facilities; and other operations activities supporting science,
aeronautics, and technology programs.
In 2001, the SAT account provided only for the direct funding of
science, aeronautics and technology activities, and included funding for
space operations services which are now funded within the Human Space
Flight (HSF) account. Since 2002, other direct costs (which include
Research and Program Management and non-programmatic Construction of
Facilities) are allocated to either the HSF or the SAT account based on
the number of full time equivalent personnel.
Performance Objectives
Space Science.--The Space Science program seeks to answer
fundamental questions concerning: the galaxy and the universe; the
connection between the Sun, Earth and heliosphere; the origin and
evolution of planetary systems; and the origin and distribution of life
in the universe. The Space Science program is comprised of many research
and development activities, including flight missions, major space-based
facilities, technology and mission development programs, and research
and data analysis.
In 2001, the Space Science program produced many notable scientific
results: The Hubble Space Telescope discovered a supernova blast that
occurred very early in the life of the Universe, bolstering the case for
the existence of a mysterious form of ``dark energy'' pervading the
Universe. The concept of dark energy, which pushes galaxies away from
each other at an ever-increasing speed, was first proposed, then
discarded, by Albert Einstein early in the last century. The Hubble
discovery also reinforces the startling idea that the expansion of the
universe only recently began speeding up.
The Chandra X-ray Observatory enhanced our understanding of black
holes on many fronts. Chandra took the deepest X-ray images ever and
found the early Universe teeming with black holes, probed the
theoretical edge of a black hole known as the event horizon, and
captured the first X-ray flare ever seen from the supermassive black
hole at the center of our own Milky Way galaxy.
Detailed scientific analysis of high-resolution images obtained by
the BOOMERANG (Balloon Observations of Millimetric Extragalactic
Radiation and Geophysics) mission provided the most precise measurements
to date of several of the key characteristics cosmologists use to
describe the Universe. These images were the first to bring the cosmic
microwave background (the radiation remaining from the ``big bang'' that
created the Universe) into sharp focus.
In addition to these discoveries that have enhanced our
understanding of the origin, evolution, and structure of the Universe,
many discoveries in 2001 related to the rapidly growing field of
extrasolar planet (planets outside our Solar System) detection. NASA and
National Science Foundation-funded astronomers discovered eight new
extrasolar planets, bringing the total number of extrasolar planet
detections to about eighty. Observations from the Submillimeter Wave As
[[Page 1027]]
tronomy Satellite (SWAS) provided the first evidence that extrasolar
planetary systems contain water, a molecule that is an essential
ingredient for known forms of life. Also in this field, astronomers
using the Hubble Space Telescope have made the first detection and
chemical analysis of the atmosphere of a planet outside our Solar
System.
Within our Solar System, NASA spacecraft made many stunning
achievements in 2001. In a risky flyby, the Deep Space-1 spacecraft
successfully navigated past comet Borrelly, giving researchers the best
look ever inside a comet's glowing core of icy dust and gas. Deep Space-
1 passed just 2,200 kilometers (1,400 miles) from the rocky, icy nucleus
of the 10 kilometer-long (more than 6 mile-long) comet. The NEAR (Near
Earth Asteroid Rendezvous) Shoemaker spacecraft achieved the first soft
landing on an asteroid. The landing was the culmination of a year-long
orbital mission at the asteroid Eros during which the mission returned
enormous quantities of scientific data and images.
A pair of spacecraft, the Mars Global Surveyor and the Hubble Space
Telescope, provided astronomers with a ringside seat to the biggest
global dust storm seen on Mars in several decades. The Martian dust
storm, larger by far than any seen on Earth, raised a cloud of dust that
engulfed the entire planet for several months. The sun-warmed dust
raised Martian atmospheric temperatures by 80 degrees Fahrenheit while
the shaded Martian surface chilled precipitously. Also in calendar year
2001, the Mars Odyssey 2001 spacecraft successfully achieved orbit
around Mars following a six-month, 286-million mile journey. Following
aerobraking operations, this spacecraft will be placed in its science-
mapping orbit in early calendar year 2002 and will characterize
composition of the Martian surface at unprecedented levels of detail.
In the field of Sun-Earth Connections, where we seek to develop a
scientific understanding of the physical interactions in the Sun-Earth
system, there were several important scientific accomplishments in
calendar year 2001. The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)
observed the largest sunspot in ten years, with a surface area
equivalent to thirteen Earths. This area proved to be a prolific source
of stormy solar activity, hurling clouds of electrified gas (known as
Coronal Mass Ejections, or CMEs) towards Earth. Other studies conducted
by the SOHO spacecraft have provided the first clear picture of what
lies beneath sunspots, peering inside the Sun to see swirling flows of
electrified gas that create the self-reinforcing cycle that holds a
sunspot together.
The calendar year was capped by the successful launch of the TIMED
(Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics) mission
on December 7, 2001. This is the first mission in the Solar Terrestrial
Probes program. It will study a region of the Earth's atmosphere that
has never been the subject of a comprehensive, long-term scientific
investigation.
The NASA budget request for 2003 features two very significant
changes from the previous baseline program: a reformulated planetary
program and the inclusion of a nuclear power and propulsion program. In
the field of planetary exploration, the 2003 Budget takes a
fundamentally different approach from previous years. Given cost growth
and schedule delays, all funding for the Pluto-Kuiper Belt mission and
the Europa Orbiter mission has been eliminated in 2003 and subsequent
years. These missions will be replaced by a revamped planetary program
that will incorporate the following principles: clear science priorities
that support key goals in understanding the potential existence of life
beyond Earth and the origins of life; open competition and rigorous
reviews of cost, schedule, and risk to minimize future overruns and
delays per the highly successful Discovery Program; and an architectural
approach that balances science return in this decade with investments in
high-leverage technologies that will enable faster and more frequent
missions with greater science return in the next decade. It is
envisioned that the new planetary program will be structured and managed
along the lines of the highly successful Discovery program. A key
element of this new program will be the development and incorporation of
nuclear power and propulsion technologies. Building upon ongoing NASA
investments in advanced electric propulsion and instrument and
electronics miniaturization, investments in nuclear power and nuclear-
electric propulsion technologies that will enable much faster and more
frequent planetary investigations with greater science capabilities.
These investments will allow NASA to undertake fundamentally new
approaches to planetary exploration. In the next decade, nuclear-
electric propulsion technology will enable affordable planetary missions
that: can reach targets in half the time it would take using today's
propulsion systems; are not limited by today's power and mass
constraints; and can conduct long-term observations of multiple targets.
Nuclear power technology will also be incorporated into the Mars
Exploration Program, specifically in the Mars Smart Lander/Mobile
Laboratory mission. This mission will now be launched in calendar year
2009 to allow the incorporation of nuclear power, instead of calendar
year 2007 as previously planned. By using nuclear power, the time during
which the Mars Mobile Laboratory can conduct science operations will be
extended from several months to several years. The nearer-term missions
in the Mars Exploration Program remain essentially unchanged. In May and
June of 2003, two highly capable surface rovers will be launched to
Mars, with landings on the surface expected in April and May of 2004.
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) will be launched in calendar year
2005; this powerful scientific orbiter will focus on analyzing the
surface at unprecedented levels of detail to follow tantalizing hints of
water detected in images from the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. MRO
will measure thousands of Martian landscapes at 20- to 30-centimeter (8-
to 12-inch) resolution. It will be followed by a competitively selected
Mars Scout mission in calendar year 2007 and the Smart Lander/Mobile
Laboratory in calendar year 2009. This robust program of orbiters,
landers, and rovers is poised to unravel the secrets of the red planet's
past environments, the history of its rocks, the many roles of water,
and, possibly, evidence of past or present life.
This Budget supports the completion of development of many
significant missions, including Gravity Probe-B (GP-B), the Space
Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), and the Stratospheric Observatory
For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). GP-B, which will verify a key aspect of
Einstein's theory of general relativity, will be launched in October
2002. SIRTF, the fourth and final of the Great Observatories, is
scheduled for launch in 2003. SOFIA development activities will
continue, with the aircraft door and the telescope to be installed and
tested in 2003. Development activities supporting the Solar Terrestrial
Relations Observatory (STEREO), the Gammaray Large Area Space Telescope
(GLAST), the final Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission, as well as
several key missions in the payloads program such as Solar-B and
Herschel, will also continue in 2003.
In the Explorer program, the Microwave Anisotropy Probe successfully
launched on June 30, 2001, and development of Swift, a multi-wavelength
observatory for gammaray burst astronomy, remains on schedule for a
September, 2003 launch. Another MIDEX mission, the Full-sky Astrometric
Mapping Explorer (FAME), did not pass confirmation review due to cost
increases and was not approved for full-scale development. Selection of
the MIDEX-5 and MIDEX-6 missions will occur in 2002, and an Announcement
of Opportunity for MIDEX-7 and MIDEX-8 will be released in 2003. In the
Small-class (SMEX) mission series, three NASA missions and two non-NASA
Missions of Opportunity are sup
[[Page 1028]]
ported. The NASA missions include the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX),
Two Wide-Angle Neutral Atom Spectrometers (TWINS), and the High Energy
Solar Spectroscopic Imager (HESSI). The Missions of Opportunity are the
Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamics Investigation (CINDI; a cooperative mission
with the Air Force), and ASTRO E-2, an X-ray astronomy mission (in
cooperation with Japan). ASTRO E-2 is a rebuild of ASTRO E, which was
lost due to a failure of the Japanese launch vehicle in February, 2000.
In the Discovery program, the Genesis mission was launched on August
8, 2001; it has begun collecting samples of charged particles from the
solar wind, and it will return these samples to Earth for analysis in
calendar year 2004. Development activities continue on three other
Discovery missions. The Comet Nucleus Tour (CONTOUR) will be launched in
July 2002, and it will encounter two comets: comet Encke in calendar
year 2003, and comet Schwassman Wachman-3 in calendar year 2006. The
Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER)
mission to orbit Mercury, and the Deep Impact mission to fly by and fire
an impactor into comet Temple-1, are both scheduled to launch in early
calendar year 2004.
The New Millennium program is providing flight demonstrations of
critical new technologies that will reduce the mass and cost of future
science and spacecraft subsystems, while maintaining or improving
mission capabilities. In calendar year 2003, the Nanosat Constellation
Trailblazer (Space Technology-5, or ST-5) will undergo spacecraft and
instrument integration and test in preparation for launch in calendar
year 2004. Also in calendar year 2003, the Critical Design Review for
ST-6 will be conducted, as will the Confirmation Review for ST-7, and
the initial confirmation for ST-8.
The President's 2003 Budget also provides funding for focused
technology programs in each of the four major Space Science themes: the
Astronomical Search for Origins, Structure and Evolution of the
Universe, Solar System Exploration, and Sun-Earth Connections, which
includes both the Living With A Star Program and the Solar Terrestrial
Probes Program. These funds provide for early technology development in
support of strategic missions such as the Next Generation Space
Telescope and the Space Interferometry Mission. The goal is to retire
technology risk early in a mission's life-cycle, before proceeding to
full-scale development. Funds are also provided to continue on-going
operations of approximately thirty spacecraft, and to conduct robust
research and analysis, data analysis, and suborbital research campaigns.
Biological and Physical Research.--The Biological and Physical
Research Enterprise (BPRE) seeks to exploit the rich opportunities of
space flight for fundamental research in the biological and physical
sciences, as well as in commercial development of space, and conducts
research to enable efficient and effective systems for protecting and
sustaining humans in space. BPRE seeks to achieve advances in biological
and physical sciences by understanding nature's forces in space, and
achieve an understanding of the human experience in space.
In late 2001, BPRE was created as NASA's fifth strategic enterprise.
BPRE closed its first fiscal year with a significant record of
accomplishment. It expanded its interagency research collaborations,
establishing a new memorandum of understanding with the United States
Department of Agriculture, conducting a joint research solicitation with
the National Cancer Institute, and continuing work under 18 other
agreements with the National Institutes of Health. A BPRE investigator
received the Nobel Prize in physics for ground-based research that he
plans to extend and expand on the International Space Station.
Outfitting the International Space Station (ISS) for research began with
the delivery of the Human Research Facility in March 2001. Two research
equipment racks were delivered to the ISS in mid-April and an additional
two at the beginning of Expedition 3 in August. BPRE initiated a program
of research on the ISS to take advantage of available resources during
the construction phase. The ISS Expedition 1 and 2 teams were able to
exceed expectations for meeting research objectives of the planned
experiments, with only one unsuccessful experiment due to technical
reasons.
In 2002, BPRE will continue to increase knowledge and demonstrate
key technology capabilities for humans in space, address critical
questions in crew health and safety, and materials science and
commercial research payloads will be flown on both the Space Shuttle and
aboard ISS. The Space Station research program is on track to deliver
another five equipment racks on orbit by the end of calendar year 2002.
BPRE also will complete definition studies leading to award of a
contract to manage ISS utilization to a Non-Governmental Organization
(NGO). Working with the scientific community, its advisory committees,
and the Administration, BPRE will complete the development of research
priorities across its portfolio of research endeavors to provide a basis
for critical resource allocation decisions. In the area of public
outreach and education, BPRE plans to develop electronic and printed
educational materials that focus on biological and physical research.
In 2003, BPRE will implement its research priorities and develop ISS
flight facilities to achieve a prioritized and productive research
program. BPRE will also work with Life Science Museum Network members to
explore opportunities for the development of projects, special events,
or workshops focused on the life sciences and biology-related research
themes to attract and engage public audiences. In addition, BPRE will
make available to wide audiences an online database of Commercial Space
Center activities, including publications listings, patents, and other
information useful to the general public.
Earth Science.--The mission of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise (ESE)
is to develop a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its
response to natural and human-induced changes to enable improved
prediction of climate, weather and natural hazards for present and
future generations. ESE seeks to answer a question of fundamental
importance to science and society: How is the Earth system changing, and
what are the consequences for life on Earth? To do so, ESE is developing
the interdisciplinary research field of Earth System Science, which
recognizes that the Earth's land surface, oceans, atmosphere, ice
sheets, and life itself all interact in a highly dynamic system. Earth
system science is an area of research with immense benefit to the
Nation, leading to new knowledge and tools that may improve weather
forecasting, agriculture, urban and regional planning, environmental
quality, and natural disaster management. ESE has established three
goals to pursue in order to fulfill its mission: (1) Science--observe,
understand, and model the Earth system to learn how it is changing, and
the consequences for life on Earth; (2) Applications--expand and
accelerate the realization of economic and societal benefits from Earth
science, information, and technology; (3) Technology--develop and adopt
advanced technologies to enable mission success and serve national
priorities.
In ESE Science, 2001 was another year of substantial accomplishment
toward understanding the Earth system. Goddard Space Flight Center
(GSFC) produced the first global record of the Earth's biosphere,
showing the uptake and release of carbon by land and oceans continuously
over three years. NASA-sponsored research showed that the growing sea
[[Page 1029]]
son over parts of the Northern hemisphere has lengthened over the past
two decades, with an accompanying increase in lushness of vegetation.
NASA and the EarthSAT Corporation released the first consistent 30-m
resolution land cover map for the U.S., and are nearing completion of
the global map. These data are from calendar year 1990 and provide a
basis for comparison of future change; plans are being developed to
repeat the process for calendar year 2001 and beyond. Results from a
major NASA/NSF-led international research campaign indicate that
aerosols from dust and pollution may be reducing evaporation and thus
slowing the global water cycle. Results from comparing the 2000 and 1997
Antarctic Mapping Missions have led to new estimates of change in the
Antarctic ice sheet; ice in the Lambert glacier flows from the interior
to the ``mouth'' where it reaches a rate of 1 kilometer per year. In the
Northern hemisphere, NASA researchers identified patterns of change in
sea ice extent over a twenty-year period; overall, Arctic sea ice extent
has decreased since calendar year 1978. Continued monitoring of global
ocean topography showed that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation governs
climate impacts of the Pacific in non-El Nino/La Nina years, and allowed
the prediction of last winter's chill across the northern U.S. and
relative warmth across the South. ESE also made major advances in
computing for climate modeling, using a partnership among two NASA
Centers and Silicon Graphics, Inc. to simulate 900 days of Earth's
climate in one day, up from the prior capability of 70 days per day;
performance on end-to-end climate simulation improved ten-fold. This
greatly enhances climate modelers' ability to perform the multiple runs
of many years of climate simulations needed to generate useful
projections of climate change.
In ESE Applications, ESE has entered into a variety of partnerships
that will apply the goods and services made possible by ESE's research.
ESE provides QuikSCAT data in real time to the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to improve marine weather forecasting,
and has used these data to show that severe storms forming over the
oceans can be predicted two days in advance. ESE is working with the
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to use remote sensing tools
to update their flood plain maps throughout the U.S. In a partnership
called Agriculture 2020 with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
and four growers associations representing 100,000 farmers, ESE is
demonstrating how to increase crop productivity, reduce risks to crop
health, and manage environmental impacts. With the National Institutes
of Health, we are exploring the use of satellite data to predict spread
of infectious diseases such as malaria that are highly influenced by
weather and climate. Throughout the summer, three ESE satellites tracked
devastating wildfires in the western U.S., providing data to the U.S.
Forest Service (USFS) and regional authorities. As a result, USFS is
investing in direct broadcast receiving stations to rapidly acquire data
from NASA's Terra satellite.
In ESE Technology, the Enterprise's first New Millennium Program
satellite to demonstrate a variety of new technologies for Earth Science
successfully completed all its demonstration tasks (save one high-risk
propulsion task scheduled for near the end of mission life). These
include a new instrument to produce a Landsat-type sensor one-fourth the
size of the current Landsat 7 instrument, and the first hyperspectral
imager in space, which views the land surface in hundreds of spectral
channels rather than the conventional five to seven channels. Sponsored
technology research with universities, industry and other government
laboratories moved 35% of ESE's new remote sensing instrument concepts
one step closer to reality on an established scale of technology
maturity. These advances will substantially reduce the cost and enhance
the capability of new satellites over the next decade or more. ESE also
began formation flying of four land imaging satellites, demonstrating
that several smaller satellites can be operated in tandem to
dramatically increase spatial and temporal coverage.
ESE is in the midst of deployment of the Earth Observing System
(EOS), a set of spacecraft and associated interdisciplinary science
investigations to initiate a long-term data set of key parameters
required for the study of global climate change. The first six EOS
satellites are already in orbit, including Jason-1 and SAGE III,
launched in December 2001. The remaining EOS satellites will be launched
through calendar year 2004, including Aqua (calendar year 2002) to study
the water cycle and atmospheric circulation, and Aura (calendar year
2004) to probe the chemistry of the upper and lower atmosphere.
Complementing EOS is a series of small, focused Earth System Science
Pathfinder missions to explore Earth system processes never before
examined globally from space. Data from the EOS satellites already in
orbit are being acquired, processed, and distributed by the EOS Data and
Information System (EOSDIS), which is currently handling more than 1
terabyte of data per day. EOSDIS handled 12.3 million user queries for
over 15 million products in calendar year 2001. EOSDIS continues to
evolve as new satellites are launched, and as new partners are added to
produce data products with innovative applications.
As it deploys EOS, ESE is also planning for the future. ESE and U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) released a request for proposal for Landsat
Data Continuity Mission to succeed Landsat 7; it is being implemented as
a commercial data purchase. ESE is also planning for the transition of
several of its key research observations to the Nation's weather
satellite system. The Department of Defense (DoD), NOAA and NASA have
established an Integrated Program Office (IPO) to create a converged
civilian and military weather satellite system called the National
Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) to
replace the present generation of separate systems. NASA and the IPO are
jointly funding the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) that will
simultaneously continue key measurements begun by EOS and demonstrate
instruments for NPOESS. The NPP will save money for both NASA and NOAA
by combining essential atmospheric and Earth surface observations on a
single platform, and by seeking to meet both climate science and
operational weather requirements with the same advanced instruments.
ESE data products and research are a major contribution to the U.S.
Global Change Research Program, an interagency collaboration overseen by
the Committee on Natural Resources of the National Science and
Technology Council. NASA ESE will also contribute to the new Climate
Change Initiative, a multiagency effort with strong focus on outcomes.
Because Earth science is inherently global in scope, ESE is engaged in a
variety of international partnerships with individual nation's space
agencies, and with international consortia such as the World
Meteorological Organization. ESE seeks and receives scientific advice on
a broad range of topics from the various boards and committees of the
National Research Council. These partnerships, together with those
above, ensure that NASA's Earth Science Enterprise conducts research at
the frontiers of Earth science on questions of practical importance to
the Nation.
Aerospace Technology.--The Aerospace Technology (AST) Enterprise
mission is to pioneer the identification, development, verification,
transfer, application, and commercialization of high-payoff aerospace
technologies and the development of broad, crosscutting revolutionary
innovations critical to a number of NASA missions. The Enterprise plays
a key role in: 1) maintaining a safe and efficient national aviation
system, 2) enabling affordable, reliable space transportation systems,
and 3) developing basic technologies for a broad range of space
applications. Research and development pro
[[Page 1030]]
grams conducted by the Enterprise contribute to NASA's science and
exploration missions, national security, economic growth, and the long-
term competitiveness of American aerospace companies. The Enterprise
directly supports national policy in both aeronautics and space as
directed in the President's Goals for a National Partnership in
Aeronautics and Research Technology, the National Space Policy, and the
National Space Transportation Policy.
A modern air and space transportation system is fundamental to our
national economy, quality of life, and security of the United States.
For 75 years, a strong base for aerospace technology research and
development has provided enormous contributions to this system,
contributions that have fostered the economic growth of our Nation and
provided unprecedented mobility for U. S. citizens. Although major
technical advances have made our Nation's air and space transportation
system the largest and best of its kind, the future holds critical
challenges to its continued growth and performance. Because the U. S.
air and space transportation system serves both the public good and
critical national security needs, ensuring the continued health and
preeminence of that system is a key issue for the future of the Nation.
Although NASA technology benefits the aerospace industry directly,
the creative application of NASA's advanced technology to disparate
design and development challenges has made numerous contributions to
other areas such as the environment, surface transportation, and
medicine.
In order to develop the aerospace systems of the future,
revolutionary approaches to system design and technology development
will be necessary. Pursuing technology fields that are in their infancy
today, developing the knowledge bases necessary to design radically new
aerospace systems, and performing efficient, high-confidence design and
development of revolutionary vehicles are challenges that face us in
innovation. These challenges are intensified by the demand for safety in
our highly complex aerospace systems.
The President's 2003 Budget provides the resources necessary to
maintain the progress required to achieve a 21st Century aviation system
that is safe, environmentally friendly, efficient and meets the growing
demands for increased and predictable performance. The President's 2003
Budget also supports technology development for space transportation
systems that are safer and significantly less costly than today's
systems. The structure of the Aerospace Technology budget has been
changed so that the budget lines are directly linked to the Enterprise
Strategic Goals. The first goal, Revolutionize Aviation, addresses
fundamental, systemic issues in the aviation system to ensure continued
growth and development appropriate to the needs of the national and
global economies. These systemic issues--safety, capacity, environmental
compatibility, and mobility--cut across markets including large subsonic
civil transports, air cargo, commuter and general aviation. NASA
coordinates its investments and technology objectives in this area with
the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Department of Defense
through the National Research and Development Plan for Aviation
Security, Efficiency, and Environmental Compatibility. In 2003, the
President's Budget provides for the demonstration of several advanced
technologies that when implemented will result in a significant
reduction in aviation accidents. Specific flight evaluations will
include an integrated Synthetic Vision System and Runway Incursion
Prevention System intended for use on commercial and business aircraft,
a next-generation cockpit weather information digital datalink and
turbulence awareness system, and a smart icing management system which
will automatically activate and manage an aircraft's ice protection
systems. In addition, ground-based demonstrations of an advanced vehicle
health management system, an engine disk crack detection monitoring
system and recovery methods for flight critical systems will be
accomplished. The Administration's request also provides for continued
development of the technologies necessary to reduce the environmental
impact of today's aircraft. The sector testing of a jet engine combustor
that could reduce nitrous oxide emissions by 70 percent will be
complete. Selection of contractors to proceed with full annular testing
for large and regional jet engines will also be complete. Additionally,
the Administration's request includes funding for the development of a
broad suite of advanced technologies that will provide the basis for
future emission reductions including carbon dioxide. The request also
includes the continuation of the noise reduction technology that in
calendar year 2007 will reduce the perceived aircraft noise pollution by
a factor of two from the calendar year 1997 baseline set by the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The budget request
also continues to transfer to the Federal Aviation Administration
technologies required to safely increase the use of the National
Airspace System (NAS). In order to define future technology investments
in this area, the Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation project will
provide state-of-the-art models of the airspace system which have the
capability to model the dynamic effects of interactive agents in the
NAS. These models will provide the capability to assess the economic
impact of new technologies on the operational performance of the NAS and
thus guide future technology development. The budget request continues
the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) demonstration program.
In 2003, SATS will select candidate technologies for experimental flight
evaluation based on their impact on mobility--either through reduced
system cost, improved doorstep-to-destination time, increased trip
reliability, and/or improved safety--and complete initial lower landing
minimum and higher volume flight experiments. Building on its altitude
world-record-setting performances, the Environmental Research Aircraft
and Sensor Technology (ERAST) project will demonstrate a solar power
unpiloted air vehicle with the ability to fly 14 hours above 50,000
feet. The accomplishment of this goal could have significant impact on
the application of these systems in disaster relief, communications,
environmental sensing, and defense.
The second goal, Advance Space Transportation, will create a safe,
affordable highway through the air and into space by improving safety,
reliability, and operability, and significantly reducing the cost of
space transportation systems. With the creation of the Integrated Space
Transportation Plan (ISTP), NASA defined a single, integrated investment
strategy for all its space transportation efforts, including Space
Shuttle safety investments, the Space Launch Initiative (SLI), and 3rd
Generation Space Transportation Technology. By investing in a sustained
progression of research and technology development, NASA will enable
future generations of reusable launch vehicles and in-space
transportation systems that will surmount the Earth-to-orbit challenge
and allow less costly, more frequent, and more reliable access to
neighboring planets and the stars beyond. As planned in the 2002 Budget,
the President's 2003 Budget request includes an increase in funding for
the Space Launch Initiative (SLI), which supports the 2nd Generation
Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Program. In 2001, NASA awarded 23
contracts under the 2nd Generation RLV Program for study and risk
reduction activities across many technical areas, including: airframes,
vehicle subsystems, operations, integrated vehicle health management,
flight mechanics, NASA-unique systems, and propulsion. In 2003, the Main
Engine Prototype Critical Design Review and the Systems Requirements
Review will be complete and the Architecture Systems Requirements
Document will be baselined. Upon completion of these activities, NASA
will
[[Page 1031]]
downselect to a minimum of two space transportation architectures for
continued development based on their ability to meet safety and
affordability goals. This selection will determine what architectures
and critical technology developments will be continued through 2006. The
successful completion of 2nd Generation RLV Program risk reduction and
technology development will enable a mid-decade competition to
transition all of NASA's launch needs, including human space flight, to
safer, lower cost, commercially competitive, privately operated vehicles
at the turn of the decade. In 3rd Generation Space Transportation
Technology, the Department of Defense and NASA have collaborated on an
integrated science and technology plan for hypersonics research, the
National Hypersonic Science and Technology Plan (NHP), which defines a
national effort to address numerous challenges. The plan addresses
airbreathing propulsion or, in some cases, combined rocket/airbreathing
(RBCC) or turbine/airbreathing propulsion (TBCC) cycles. While pure
rockets have already achieved hypersonic speeds, airbreathing
technologies could offer significant benefits over rocket propulsion in
performance and cost. In 2003, NASA will complete the independent
evaluation of three competing, revolutionary hypersonic propulsion
technology systems demonstrations, including an RBCC engine, a TBCC
engine and a scramjet engine.
The third goal, Pioneer Technology Innovation, focuses on broad,
crosscutting innovations critical to a number of NASA missions and to
the aerospace industry in general. Pursuing technology fields that are
in their infancy today, developing the knowledge bases necessary to
design radically new aerospace systems, and developing tools for
efficient, high-confidence design and development will enable a
revolution in aerospace. The Administration's request includes a
significant investment in computing and information technology
developments and also increases investment in biotechnology and
nanotechnology--the revolutionary technologies of the 21st Century. To
ensure the highest quality research and strong ties to NASA's missions--
Space Science, Earth Science, Biological and Physical Research, Human
Space Flight, and Aerospace Technology--these investments will be guided
by technology development agreements signed by customers in other NASA
Enterprises.
Beginning in 2002, NASA will have the National Academy of Sciences
undertake reviews of one of these three program areas--Revolutionize
Aviation, Advance Space Transportation, and Pioneer Technology
Innovation--every three years. These reviews will provide independent
assessments of the quality of NASA's technology research and program
planning, whether the research can be performed by universities or
corporations outside NASA, and how well NASA's technology research
integrates with customer needs. In each of these program areas, NASA
will also seek to reduce institutional costs at it field centers so more
funds can be invested in technology research through openly competed
NASA research announcements and through university and industry
partnerships.
The fourth goal, Commercialize Technology, extends the commercial
application of NASA technology for economic benefit and improved quality
of life. By partnering with both aerospace and non-aerospace industry as
well as academia, the full range of NASA's assets--technological
expertise, new technologies, and research facilities--are made available
to help the Nation.
Academic Programs.--Academic Programs has two components: (1)
Education Program and (2) Minority University Program. Since the
creation of NASA, the agency has made a substantial commitment to
education. NASA's contribution to education has been and is based on the
Agency's inspiring mission, specialized workforce, close working
relationship with the research and education community, and unique
world-class facilities. Based on these attributes, NASA has created a
comprehensive education program containing a portfolio of activities
directed toward education at all levels. The guidance for the Education
Program stated in the NASA Strategic Plan: ``Educational Excellence: We
involve the educational community in our endeavors to inspire America's
students, create learning opportunities, and enlighten inquisitive
minds.'' NASA's Education Program brings students and educators at all
levels into its missions and its research as participants and partners,
providing opportunities for a diverse group of students and educators to
experience first hand involvement with NASA personnel, facilities, and
research and development activities.
The Minority University Research Program has a goal to: expand
NASA's research base by strengthening the research capabilities of
minority universities and colleges; contribute to the scientific and
technological workforce; and promote educational excellence. The range
of activities conducted under this program will continue to capture the
interest of all students in science and technology, develop talented
students at the undergraduate and graduate levels, provide research
opportunities for students and faculty members at NASA centers, and
strengthen and enhance the research capabilities of the Nation's
colleges and universities.
Together, these two components of the Academic Programs budget
provide guidance for the Agency's interaction with both the formal and
informal education community.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0110-0-1-999 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent........... 895 949
11.3 Other than full-time permanent 17 17
11.5 Other personnel compensation.. 20 26
11.8 Special personal services
payments.................... 2 2
--------- --------- ----------
11.9 Total personnel compensation 934 994
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits..... 58 273 293
21.0 Travel and transportation of
persons....................... 32 36
22.0 Transportation of things........ 4 5 5
23.1 Rental payments to GSA.......... 1 11 11
23.3 Communications, utilities, and
miscellaneous charges......... 74 102 93
24.0 Printing and reproduction....... 4 5 5
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 104 104 104
25.2 Other services.................. 591 677 742
25.3 Other purchases of goods and
services from Government
accounts...................... 256 293 321
25.4 Operation and maintenance of
facilities.................... 414 489 520
25.5 Research and development
contracts..................... 3,217 3,689 4,049
25.6 Medical care.................... 1
25.7 Operation and maintenance of
equipment..................... 81 93 102
26.0 Supplies and materials.......... 120 137 151
31.0 Equipment....................... 116 133 146
32.0 Land and structures............. 83 95 104
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions................. 964 1,106 1,214
--------- --------- ----------
99.0 Direct obligations............ 6,088 8,178 8,890
99.0 Reimbursable obligations.......... 517 598 632
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 6,605 8,776 9,522
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Personnel Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0110-0-1-999 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct:
1001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 11,552 11,832
Reimbursable:
2001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 67 63
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 1032]]
Mission Support
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0112-0-1-999 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
Direct program:
00.01 Safety, mission assurance,
engineering, and advanced
concepts...................... 47 3
00.02 Research and program management. 2,316 50
00.03 Construction of facilities...... 236 51 42
00.04 Space communication services.... 7
--------- --------- ----------
01.00 Total direct program............ 2,606 104 42
09.01 Reimbursable program.............. 59
--------- --------- ----------
10.00 Total new obligations........... 2,665 104 42
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Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, start of year.......... 136 146 42
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 2,661
22.10 Resources available from
recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... 16
--------- --------- ----------
23.90 Total budgetary resources
available for obligation...... 2,813 146 42
23.95 Total new obligations............. -2,665 -104 -42
23.98 Unobligated balance expiring or
withdrawn....................... -2
24.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, end of year............ 146 42
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 2,609
40.77 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
554 (0.22 percent)............ -6
41.00 Transferred to other accounts... -1
--------- --------- ----------
43.00 Appropriation (total
discretionary).............. 2,602
Spending authority from offsetting
collections:
68.00 Offsetting collections (cash)... 58
68.10 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources
(unexpired)................... 1
--------- --------- ----------
68.90 Spending authority from
offsetting collections
(total discretionary)....... 59
--------- --------- ----------
70.00 Total new budget authority
(gross)....................... 2,661
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Change in obligated balances:
72.40 Obligated balance, start of year.. 623 623 188
73.10 Total new obligations............. 2,665 104 42
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -2,646 -539 -81
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -7
73.45 Recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... -16
74.00 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources
(unexpired)..................... -1
74.10 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources
(expired)....................... 6
74.40 Obligated balance, end of year.... 623 188 149
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Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 2,023
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 625 539 81
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 2,646 539 81
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Offsets:
Against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (cash)
from:
88.00 Federal sources............... -57
88.40 Non-Federal sources........... -5
--------- --------- ----------
88.90 Total, offsetting
collections (cash)........ -62
Against gross budget authority only:
88.95 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources
(unexpired)................... -1
88.96 Portion of offsetting
collections (cash) credited to
expired accounts.............. 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 2,602
90.00 Outlays........................... 2,584 539 81
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In 2001, this appropriation provides funding for mission support and
includes: safety, mission assurance, engineering and advanced concepts
activities supporting agency programs; salaries and related expenses in
support of research in NASA field installations; design, repair,
rehabilitation and modification of institutional facilities and
construction of new institutional facilities; and other operations
activities supporting conduct of agency programs.
Since 2002, NASA has implemented a two-appropriation budget
(excluding the Inspector General account). The two-appropriation budget
(Human Space Flight (HSF) and Science, Aeronautics and Technology (SAT))
is NASA's first step at transitioning to a full cost budget. While full
cost will ultimately integrate institutional and programmatic funds into
a single budget, that integration is done in a step-wise manner, by
providing for a mission support budget line under each Enterprise and
eliminating the present mission support appropriation. This initial step
will begin to recognize, budget, and track direct full time eqivalent
(FTE) personnel associated at the Enterprise level and then use this FTE
data to distribute other-than-direct (OTD) institutional costs (Research
and Program Management and non-programmatic Construction of Facilities)
using the relative percentages of direct FTE's by Enterprise.
This means the distribution of the OTD resources takes advantage of
a basic assumption, to be used prior to the existence of cost and
service pools, that FTE's are a reasonable relative indicator at the
Enterprise level of required facility and institutional capabilities.
Taking this step will help program/project personnel and decision makers
begin to understand the potential magnitude of institutional funds that
are associated with each Enterprise in preparation for the day when full
cost budgeting will distribute these funds most appropriately to the
project level via the appropriate cost/service pools.
Beginning in 2002, there is no longer a Mission Support account.
Institutional costs will be budgeted within HSF and SAT (as discussed
above) and safety, mission assurance and engineering will be budgeted
within the HSF account.
NASA plans to control personnel levels through full time permanent
(FTP) civil servant positions while continuing to track full time
equivalent positions, as done in the past. This will allow NASA more
flexibility in the use of non-permanent positions for short-term
technical needs as well as co-op and intern programs.
Performance Objectives
Research and program management.--In 2001, this activity provided
for the salaries, travel support, other personnel expenses of the entire
NASA civil service workforce, and includes vital support to the physical
plant at the Centers and at NASA Headquarters.
Construction of facilities.--In 2001, this activity provided for
facility construction activities to preserve NASA's infrastructure and
enable NASA's missions; environmental compliance and restoration
activities, design of facilities projects, and advanced planning and
critical functional leadership activities related to future facilities
needs. Activities in support of construction projects to repair,
revitalize and modernize the basic infrastructure and institutional
facilities at NASA centers will continue with the major focus on
eliminating safety-related concerns. Increasing attention is being given
to activities in support of environmental compliance and restoration
requirements.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0112-0-1-999 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent........... 1,340
11.3 Other than full-time permanent 26
[[Page 1033]]
11.5 Other personnel compensation.. 32
11.8 Special personal services
payments.................... 12
--------- --------- ----------
11.9 Total personnel compensation 1,410
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits..... 314
13.0 Benefits for former personnel... 2
21.0 Travel and transportation of
persons....................... 52
22.0 Transportation of things........ 6
23.1 Rental payments to GSA.......... 18
23.3 Communications, utilities, and
miscellaneous charges......... 28 4
24.0 Printing and reproduction....... 6 1
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 20 1
25.2 Other services.................. 236 26
25.3 Other purchases of goods and
services from Government
accounts...................... 39 3
25.4 Operation and maintenance of
facilities.................... 123 16
25.5 Research and development
contracts..................... 74 15
25.6 Medical care.................... 7 1
25.7 Operation and maintenance of
equipment..................... 38 10
26.0 Supplies and materials.......... 18 4
31.0 Equipment....................... 6 5
32.0 Land and structures............. 201 17 42
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions................. 7 1
42.0 Insurance claims and indemnities 1
--------- --------- ----------
99.0 Direct obligations............ 2,606 104 42
99.0 Reimbursable obligations.......... 59
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 2,665 104 42
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Personnel Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0112-0-1-999 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct:
1001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 18,412
Reimbursable:
2001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 98
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Space Flight, Control and Data Communications
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0105-0-1-252 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in obligated balances:
72.40 Obligated balance, start of year.. 1
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority..................
90.00 Outlays........................... 1
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Since 1995, NASA's Space flight, control and data communications
activities have been performed in Human Space Flight; Science,
Aeronautics and Technology; and Mission Support. This account shows
spending from balances prior to the account restructuring.
Construction of Facilities
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0107-0-1-999 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
10.00 Total new obligations (object
class 32.0)..................... 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, start of year.......... 7 5 7
23.95 Total new obligations............. -2
24.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, end of year............ 5 7 7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in obligated balances:
72.40 Obligated balance, start of year.. 12 6
73.10 Total new obligations............. 2
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -7 -6
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -1
74.40 Obligated balance, end of year.... 6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 7 6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority..................
90.00 Outlays........................... 7 6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since 1995 NASA's Construction of facilities activities have been
performed in Human Space Flight; Science, Aeronautics and Technology;
and Mission Support. This account shows spending from balances prior to
the account restructuring.
Office of Inspector General
For necessary expenses of the Office of Inspector General in
carrying out the Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended,
[$23,700,000] $25,600,000. (Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing
and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act,
2002; additional authorizing legislation required.)
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0109-0-1-252 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
10.00 Total new obligations (object
class 12.1)..................... 24 25 26
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 24 25 26
23.95 Total new obligations............. -24 -25 -26
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 24 25 26
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in obligated balances:
72.40 Obligated balance, start of year.. 2 3 3
73.10 Total new obligations............. 24 25 26
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -23 -25 -26
74.40 Obligated balance, end of year.... 3 3 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 21 22 23
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 2 3 3
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 23 25 26
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 24 25 26
90.00 Outlays........................... 23 25 26
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budget Authority and Outlays Excluding Full Funding for Federal Retiree
Costs (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 23 24 25
90.00 Outlays........................... 22 24 25
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The mission of the Office of Inspector General is to conduct audits
and investigations of agency activities. The Inspector General keeps the
Administrator informed of problems and deficiencies in agency programs
and operations.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0109-0-1-252 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.1 Personnel compensation: Full-time
permanent....................... 16 17 18
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits....... 6 6 6
21.0 Travel and transportation of
persons......................... 1 1 1
26.0 Supplies and materials............ 1 1 1
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 24 25 26
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[[Page 1034]]
Personnel Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0109-0-1-252 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 201 213 213
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Trust Funds
Science, Space, and Technology Education Trust Fund
Unavailable Collections (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-8978-0-7-503 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
01.99 Balance, start of year............ 15 15 15
Receipts:
02.40 Earnings on investments; Science,
Space and Technology Education,
Trust Fu........................ 1 1 1
--------- --------- ----------
04.00 Total: Balances and collections... 16 16 16
Appropriations:
05.00 Science, space, and technology
education trust fund............ -1 -1 -1
--------- --------- ----------
07.99 Balance, end of year.............. 15 15 15
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Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-8978-0-7-503 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
10.00 Total new obligations (object
class 41.0)..................... 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 1 1 1
23.95 Total new obligations............. -1 -1 -1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Mandatory:
60.26 Appropriation (trust fund)...... 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in obligated balances:
73.10 Total new obligations............. 1 1 1
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -1 -1 -1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.97 Outlays from new mandatory
authority....................... 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 1 1 1
90.00 Outlays........................... 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
92.01 Total investments, start of year:
Federal securities: Par value... 15 15 15
92.02 Total investments, end of year:
Federal securities: Par value... 15 15 15
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
National Space Grant Program
Unavailable Collections (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-8977-0-7-252 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
01.99 Balance, start of year............
Receipts:
02.00 Gifts and donations............... 3
Appropriations:
05.00 National space grant program gift
fund............................ -3
--------- --------- ----------
07.99 Balance, end of year..............
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-8977-0-7-252 2001 actual 2002 est. 2003 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
10.00 Total new obligations (object
class 41.0)..................... 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, start of year.......... 3
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 3
--------- --------- ----------
23.90 Total budgetary resources
available for obligation...... 3 3
23.95 Total new obligations............. -3
24.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, end of year............ 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Mandatory:
60.26 Appropriation (trust fund)...... 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in obligated balances:
73.10 Total new obligations............. 3
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.98 Outlays from mandatory balances... 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 3
90.00 Outlays........................... 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Administrative Provisions
Notwithstanding the limitation on the availability of funds
appropriated for ``Human space flight'', or ``Science, aeronautics and
technology'' by this appropriations Act, when any activity has been
initiated by the incurrence of obligations for construction of
facilities as authorized by law, such amount available for such activity
shall remain available until expended. This provision does not apply to
the amounts appropriated for institutional minor revitalization and
construction of facilities, and institutional facility planning and
design.
Notwithstanding the limitation on the availability of funds
appropriated for ``Human space flight'', or ``Science, aeronautics and
technology'' by this appropriations Act, the amounts appropriated for
construction of facilities shall remain available until September 30,
[2004] 2005.
Notwithstanding the limitation on the availability of funds
appropriated for ``Office of Inspector General'', amounts made available
by this Act for personnel and related costs and travel expenses of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall remain available
until September 30, [2002] 2003 and may be used to enter into contracts
for training, investigations, costs associated with personnel
relocation, and for other services, to be provided during the next
fiscal year. Funds for announced prizes otherwise authorized shall
remain available, without fiscal year limitation, until the prize is
claimed or the offer is withdrawn.
[No funds in this Act or any other appropriations Act may be used to
finalize an agreement prior to December 1, 2002 between NASA and a
nongovernment organization to conduct research utilization and
commercialization management activities of the International Space
Station.] (Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban
Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002.)