[Historical Tables]
[Section 9 - Federal Government Outlays for Major Physical Capital, Research and Development, and Education and Training]
[Table 9.8 - Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development: 1949-2002]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2002
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 688 700 775 1,100 1,412 1,385 1,397 1,683
Other national defense........................................ 74 72 71 104 141 166 153 215
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 762 772 846 1,204 1,553 1,551 1,550 1,898
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 42 43 44 51 50 48 43 50
NSF......................................................... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 4 8 15
Atomic energy general science............................... 40 49 50 60 63 64 73 78
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 82 92 94 111 113 116 124 143
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 27 42
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Other....................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 45 51 69 81
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 49 53 62 82
Natural resources and environment............................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 38 38 32 38
All other\1\.................................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 50 39 31 42
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense\1\......................................... 178 282 279 291 295 297 345 428
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development\1\.................... 940 1,054 1,125 1,495 1,848 1,848 1,895 2,326
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 11 14 14 14 14 13 21 31
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 172]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2002--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 1,882 2,178 4,950 5,517 6,466 6,689 6,792 7,419
Other national defense........................................ 252 281 414 420 456 401 352 446
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 2,134 2,459 5,364 5,937 6,922 7,090 7,144 7,865
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 55 72 115 330 646 1,112 2,291 3,693
NSF......................................................... 28 31 47 57 70 84 100 147
Atomic energy general science............................... 91 126 157 183 214 231 264 288
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 174 229 319 570 930 1,427 2,655 4,128
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 77 109 129 159 173 397 462 502
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 13 26 53 77 89 83 111 107
NASA........................................................ ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 31 36 40
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 13 26 53 77 89 114 147 147
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... N/A N/A N/A 247 295 398 511 637
Other....................................................... N/A N/A N/A 30 35 36 40 66
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 134 157 216 277 330 434 551 703
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 86 97 104 107 117 129 142 154
Natural resources and environment............................. 45 54 88 68 106 100 118 120
All other\1\.................................................. 48 57 111 127 119 146 146 177
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense\1\......................................... 577 729 1,020 1,385 1,864 2,747 4,221 5,931
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development\1\.................... 2,711 3,188 6,384 7,322 8,786 9,837 11,365 13,796
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 40 46 55 57 58 66 75 85
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 173]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2002--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 6,623 6,675 7,649 8,071 7,762 7,519 7,639 8,238
Other national defense........................................ 454 422 419 473 552 502 469 599
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 7,077 7,097 8,068 8,544 8,314 8,021 8,108 8,837
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 4,497 5,275 5,042 4,462 4,025 3,518 3,143 3,059
NSF......................................................... 147 176 209 248 280 292 334 407
Atomic energy general science............................... 309 339 359 281 385 393 380 370
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 4,953 5,790 5,610 4,991 4,690 4,203 3,857 3,836
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 478 452 478 515 469 451 454 329
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 159 117 69 107 96 224 444 291
NASA........................................................ 58 75 89 128 162 183 205 221
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 217 192 158 235 258 407 649 512
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 523 536 795 784 859 879 912 1,096
Other....................................................... 67 202 110 199 214 194 211 279
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 590 738 905 983 1,073 1,073 1,123 1,375
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 179 205 215 231 232 246 268 296
Natural resources and environment............................. 140 160 181 207 232 301 351 507
All other\1\.................................................. 206 284 347 466 392 451 599 611
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense\1\......................................... 6,763 7,821 7,894 7,628 7,346 7,132 7,301 7,466
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development\1\.................... 13,840 14,918 15,962 16,172 15,660 15,153 15,409 16,303
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 100 110 125 140 152 167 182 206
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 174]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2002--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 8,529 8,960 9,284 9,341 2,312 10,210 10,726 11,045
Other national defense........................................ 610 446 431 478 143 664 1,351 1,083
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 9,139 9,406 9,715 9,819 2,455 10,874 12,077 12,129
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 3,045 2,900 2,876 3,227 846 3,506 3,454 3,655
NSF......................................................... 432 539 571 623 194 668 701 775
Atomic energy general science............................... 372 292 310 257 72 267 274 305
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 3,849 3,731 3,757 4,107 1,112 4,441 4,429 4,735
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 379 525 933 1,424 521 2,197 2,542 3,304
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 299 322 307 329 100 315 326 350
NASA........................................................ 235 283 309 324 82 336 379 408
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 534 605 616 653 182 651 705 758
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 1,318 1,413 1,631 2,098 548 1,314 2,439 2,626
Other....................................................... 341 245 258 194 130 335 325 614
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 1,659 1,658 1,889 2,292 678 1,649 2,764 3,240
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 293 315 352 416 100 469 499 549
Natural resources and environment............................. 539 511 647 646 166 585 675 895
All other\1\.................................................. 643 683 627 631 -14 577 841 715
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense\1\......................................... 7,896 8,028 8,821 10,169 2,745 10,569 12,455 14,196
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development\1\.................... 17,035 17,434 18,536 19,988 5,200 21,443 24,532 26,325
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 224 238 249 285 80 272 252 256
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 175]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2002--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 13,469 15,739 18,363 20,566 23,850 28,165 33,396 34,732
Other national defense........................................ 1,174 1,199 1,447 1,732 1,915 2,195 2,260 2,365
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 14,643 16,937 19,809 22,298 25,765 30,360 35,656 37,097
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 4,262 4,798 2,697 1,999 3,023 2,410 2,863 2,693
NSF......................................................... 838 900 1,020 998 1,127 1,182 1,399 1,426
Atomic energy general science............................... 345 501 401 464 505 510 510 576
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 5,445 6,199 4,118 3,461 4,656 4,102 4,772 4,695
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 3,289 3,681 3,330 2,728 2,762 4,249 2,622 2,321
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 412 409 341 270 342 467 489 347
NASA........................................................ 449 481 523 539 515 559 568 557
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 861 890 864 809 857 1,027 1,057 905
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 2,898 3,352 3,435 3,532 3,942 4,412 4,837 4,942
Other....................................................... 784 732 906 929 617 719 738 869
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 3,682 4,084 4,341 4,461 4,560 5,131 5,574 5,811
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 563 643 696 717 754 775 798 796
Natural resources and environment............................. 951 912 838 856 846 884 924 886
All other\1\.................................................. 801 822 664 570 787 689 738 745
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense\1\......................................... 15,592 17,231 14,850 13,602 15,221 16,856 16,485 16,159
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development\1\.................... 30,235 34,168 34,660 35,900 40,986 47,216 52,141 53,256
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 288 251 290 197 223 215 319 464
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 176]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2002--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 35,605 37,819 38,247 35,330 35,504 37,666 35,474 35,356
Other national defense........................................ 2,427 2,547 2,831 2,557 2,666 2,730 2,581 2,343
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 38,032 40,366 41,078 37,887 38,170 40,396 38,055 37,699
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 3,252 4,220 5,624 6,277 6,641 7,004 6,663 8,243
NSF......................................................... 1,513 1,570 1,520 1,631 1,733 1,753 1,873 1,894
Atomic energy general science............................... 618 680 784 834 784 789 669 700
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 5,383 6,470 7,927 8,741 9,157 9,546 9,205 10,837
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 2,287 2,454 2,342 2,501 2,593 2,517 2,654 3,152
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 323 322 272 333 373 420 519 604
NASA........................................................ 580 755 701 795 976 1,084 1,215 749
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 903 1,077 973 1,127 1,348 1,504 1,734 1,353
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 6,022 6,634 7,092 7,257 7,936 9,063 9,620 10,299
Other....................................................... 849 912 1,162 1,272 1,721 1,311 1,008 961
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 6,872 7,546 8,253 8,528 9,656 10,374 10,628 11,260
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 838 908 937 990 1,070 1,129 1,158 1,186
Natural resources and environment............................. 1,052 1,056 1,220 1,323 1,593 1,762 1,747 1,662
All other\1\.................................................. 732 883 1,081 1,085 1,141 1,150 1,271 1,283
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense\1\......................................... 18,068 20,394 22,732 24,296 26,558 27,982 28,397 30,733
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development\1\.................... 56,100 60,760 63,810 62,183 64,728 68,378 66,453 68,432
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as 478 412 345 401 296 344 376 348
grants (all nondefense)........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 177]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-2002--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001 2002
Category 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 estimate estimate
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense............ 36,936 37,702 37,558 37,571 38,279 38,504 43,706
Other national defense........... 2,492 2,475 2,583 2,705 2,771 3,092 3,144
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense......... 39,428 40,177 40,141 40,276 41,050 41,596 46,850
============================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and
technology:
NASA........................... 6,963 8,137 8,631 8,316 5,411 5,724 6,298
NSF............................ 2,077 2,015 2,010 2,144 2,446 2,644 2,928
Atomic energy general science.. 705 703 1,862 2,087 2,246 2,378 2,323
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal..................... 9,745 10,855 12,503 12,547 10,103 10,746 11,549
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................... 2,938 2,641 1,526 1,285 1,265 1,401 1,195
Transportation:
DOT............................ 534 545 528 465 482 566 778
NASA........................... 1,120 1,237 1,250 1,117 958 901 879
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal..................... 1,654 1,782 1,778 1,582 1,440 1,467 1,657
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH............................ 9,642 10,599 11,853 13,027 14,568 16,941 19,619
Other.......................... 856 859 865 1,306 1,310 1,480 1,568
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal..................... 10,498 11,458 12,718 14,333 15,878 18,421 21,187
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture...................... 1,168 1,178 1,200 1,200 1,294 1,465 1,467
Natural resources and environment 1,610 1,590 1,653 1,732 1,687 1,835 1,782
All other\1\..................... 1,398 1,392 1,284 1,181 1,230 1,444 1,559
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense\1\............ 29,011 30,896 32,662 33,860 32,897 36,779 40,396
============================================================================
Total conduct of research and 68,439 71,073 72,803 74,136 73,947 78,375 87,246
development\1\....................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and 303 290 302 308 405 486 581
development classified as grants
(all nondefense)..................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Includes off-budget Postal Service amounts as shown in the footnote to Table 9.7.
N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals.
Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983.