[Appendix]
[Detailed Budget Estimates by Agency]
[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2002
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Human Space Flight
(including transfer of funds)
For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct
and support of human space flight research and development activities,
including research, development, operations, support and services;
maintenance; construction of facilities including repair,
rehabilitation, revitalization and modification of facilities,
construction of new facilities and additions to existing facilities,
facility planning and design, environmental compliance and restoration,
and acquisition or condemnation of real property, as authorized by law;
space flight, spacecraft control and communications activities including
operations, production, and services; program management; personnel and
related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefor, as authorized
by U.S.C. 5901-5902; travel expenses; purchase and hire of passenger
motor vehicles; not to exceed $20,000 for official reception and
representation expenses; and purchase, lease, charter, maintenance and
operation of mission and administrative aircraft, [$5,462,900,000]
$7,296,000,000, to remain available until September 30, [2002] 2003, of
which amounts as determined by the Administrator for salaries and
benefits; training, travel and awards; facility and related costs;
information technology services; science, engineering, fabricating and
testing services; and other administrative services may be transferred
to the Science, Aeronautics and Technology account in accordance with
section 312(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, as
amended by Public Law 106-377: Provided, That the authorized funding
level for the International Space Station through fiscal year 2006 shall
not exceed $8,197,300,000 except in amounts equal to budget reductions
in other Human Space Flight programs. (Departments of Veterans Affairs
and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2001, as enacted by section 1(a)(1) of P.L. 106-
377.)
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0111-0-1-252 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
Direct program:
00.01 Space station................... 2,530 2,057 2,043
00.02 Payload and ELV support......... 99 96
00.03 Investments and support......... 123 1,271
00.04 Space shuttle................... 3,001 3,079 3,167
00.05 Payload and utilization
operations.................... 160 14
00.06 Space operations................ 458
00.07 Safety, mission assurance &
engineering................... 46
09.01 Reimbursable program.............. 164 163 201
--------- --------- ----------
10.00 Total new obligations........... 5,855 5,535 7,282
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, start of year.......... 368 167 246
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 5,652 5,614 7,497
22.10 Resources available from
recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... 2
--------- --------- ----------
23.90 Total budgetary resources
available for obligation...... 6,022 5,781 7,743
23.95 Total new obligations............. -5,855 -5,535 -7,282
24.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, end of year............ 167 246 461
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 5,511 5,463 7,296
40.76 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
113........................... -23
40.77 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
554 (0.22 percent)............ -12
--------- --------- ----------
43.00 Appropriation (total
discretionary).............. 5,488 5,451 7,296
Spending authority from offsetting
collections:
68.00 Offsetting collections (cash)... 169 163 201
68.10 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources. -5
--------- --------- ----------
68.90 Spending authority from
offsetting collections
(total discretionary)....... 164 163 201
--------- --------- ----------
70.00 Total new budget authority
(gross)....................... 5,652 5,614 7,497
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
Unpaid obligations, start of year:
72.40 Unpaid obligations, start of
year.......................... 1,652 1,833 1,784
72.95 Uncollected customer payments
from Federal sources, start of
year.......................... -25 -20 -20
--------- --------- ----------
72.99 Obligated balance, start of
year........................ 1,627 1,813 1,764
73.10 Total new obligations............. 5,855 5,535 7,282
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -5,666 -5,584 -7,030
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -6
73.45 Recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... -2
74.00 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources... 5
Unpaid obligations, end of year:
74.40 Unpaid obligations, end of year. 1,833 1,784 2,036
74.95 Uncollected customer payments
from Federal sources, end of
year.......................... -20 -20 -20
--------- --------- ----------
74.99 Obligated balance, end of year 1,813 1,764 2,016
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 3,783 3,799 5,177
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 1,883 1,785 1,853
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 5,666 5,584 7,030
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Offsets:
Against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (cash)
from:
88.40 Non-Federal sources........... -31 -30 -35
88.45 Offsetting governmental
collections from the public. -138 -133 -166
--------- --------- ----------
88.90 Total, offsetting
collections (cash)........ -169 -163 -201
Against gross budget authority only:
88.95 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources. 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 5,488 5,451 7,296
90.00 Outlays........................... 5,498 5,421 6,829
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note.--Includes $1,712 million in budget authority in 2002 for
activities previously financed from:
2000 2001
Mission Support (in millions of dollars) 1,566 1,715
This appropriation provides funding for Human Space Flight (HSF)
activities, and for Safety, mission assurance and engineering activities
supporting the Agency. The HSF activities include development and
operations of the Space Station, the Space Station research program, and
operation of the Space Shuttle. This includes development of contingency
capabilities for the Space Station, high priority investments to improve
the safety of the Space Shuttle, and required construction projects in
direct support of Space Station and Space Shuttle programs. This
appropriation also provides for salaries and related expenses; design,
repair, rehabilitation, and modification of facilities and construction
of new facilities; maintenance, and operation of facilities; and other
operations activities supporting human space flight programs; and space
operations, safety, mission assurance and engineering activities that
support the Agency.
In FY 2000 and FY 2001, the Human Space Flight (HSF) account
provided only for the direct funding of human space flight activities;
space operations services had been funded within the Science,
Aeronautics and Technology (SAT) account; and Safety, mission assurance
and engineering had been funded within the Mission Support account.
Beginning
[[Page 1062]]
in FY 2002, other than direct costs (which includes Research and Program
Management and non-programmatic Construction of Facilities) will be
allocated to either the HSF or the SAT account based on the number of
full time equivalent people, and there will no longer be a Mission
Support account.
Performance Objectives
Space station.--The International Space Station (ISS) is an
international laboratory in low Earth orbit on which American, Russian,
Canadian, European, and Japanese astronauts will conduct unique
scientific and technological investigations in a microgravity
environment. The goal of the Station is to support activities requiring
the unique attributes of humans in space and establish a permanent human
presence in Earth orbit. The proposed budget provides funding for the
continued development of the vehicle and its research components and for
current operations, assembly and utilization of the station. With
several assembly missions successfully completed, the budget includes
funding to keep subsequent assembly missions on schedule through U.S.
Core Station Complete, currently planned for late 2003-early 2004, and
for early research commensurate with the build-up of on-orbit
utilization capabilities and resources.
Between January 2000 and January 2001, the Russian Service Module,
the Z1 and SO trusses, the control moment gyros, the first photo-voltaic
array and battery sets, initial thermal radiators, communication
equipment, and the U.S. Laboratory were assembled on-orbit. A permanent
human presence in space was achieved with the launch of Expedition 1.
The first phases of multi-element integrated testing (MEIT) were
completed. Crew training, payload processing, hardware element
processing, and mission operations were supported. During the remainder
of 2001, Expedition 2 will be deployed, and Phase 2 of the station
assembly will be completed with the launch of the airlock. Preparations
will continue for the start of Phase 3 and the first shuttle mission
dedicated to research utilization is expected to be launched in mid-
2002.
Russian Program Assurance (RPA) is contained within the Space
Station budget and provides funding for contingency activities to
address ISS program requirements resulting from delays or shortfalls on
the part of Russia in meeting its commitments to the ISS program. Key
elements of the RPA program have been the Interim Control Module (ICM),
developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and the U.S.
Propulsion Module. With the successful launch of the Russian Service
Module, and escalating costs for Space Station, including RPA
components, NASA reassessed its Space Station priorities and the need
for planned RPA hardware. In FY 2000, the ICM was placed in ``call-up''
mode and stored at NRL. Work on the original Propulsion Module design
was terminated, and in FY 2001 funds for the Propulsion Module were
redirected to cover cost increases in the baseline program. This left
logistics contingency funding and funds for potential procurement of
safety-related Russian goods and services in the RPA budget. Based on
recent operational experience, continuing flight software and hardware
integration issues, obsolescence issues, and realization that earlier
assembly phase cost estimates were low, NASA concluded that the program
baseline could not be executed on schedule within approved funding
levels. A reassessment of the ISS Program budget baseline was started in
FY 2000 and continued into FY 2001. The initial results, based on
conservative estimating assumptions, showed a budget shortfall of up to
$4 billion over 5 fiscal years. To remain within the Agency's budget
marks, NASA redirected funds from remaining high-risk, high-cost
hardware development, including the Habitation Module and Crew Return
Vehicle (CRV), as well as funds from the RPA budget mentioned above, to
ensure that ISS would stay within budget, while assembly continues
though U.S. Core Station Complete (deployment of Node 2 on flight 10A).
This will allow for the integration of flight hardware being provided by
the International Partners. In addition, the ISS Research Program is
being realigned to match the on-orbit capability build-up as the program
moves toward U.S. Core Complete. NASA will continue to pursue
atmospheric testing of the X-38 and is assessing the affordability of
completing the space flight test relative to other program priorities.
Options for provision of a crew return capability and Habitat capability
to support the desired increase in crew size from 3 to 6 will be
discussed with the international partners. However, U.S. contributions
to such capabilities will be dependent on the availability of funds
within the President's five-year budget plan for Human Space Flight,
technical risks, and the Administration's confidence in Agency cost
estimates.
Over the next several years, the Agency will press ahead with ISS
assembly and the integration of the partners' research modules. Research
operations on board the ISS have been expanding since they began in FY
2000 and will greatly exceed any previous capabilities for research in
space including Skylab, Shuttle, or Mir.
Payload and Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) support.-- During 2001,
six pallets will be used in Space Shuttle missions. In FY 2001 and FY
2002, over 20 major and secondary payloads will be supported, including
major hardware for ISS assembly. The ELV Mission Support budget provides
funds for acquiring requisite launch services to meet all NASA
requirements and for technical insight of commercially provided launch
services. Advanced mission design/analysis and leading edge integration
services are provided for the full range of NASA missions under
consideration for launch on ELVs. During FY 2000, six ELV missions were
successfully launched. Integration and technical management of 13
missions are planned for launch in FY 2001. In FY 2002 support for eight
missions is planned.
Investments and support.--The Human Exploration and Development of
Space (HEDS) Technology and Commercialization Initiative (HTCI) began in
FY 2001. HTCI will continue in FY 2002 to focus on human space
exploration and development activities emphasizing highly innovative
technologies, advances in science, and enabling synergistic commercial
space development efforts.
Project activity will continue in FY 2002 to ensure NASA's rocket
propulsion test capabilities are properly managed and maintained in
world class condition. The project will significantly enhance our
ability to properly manage NASA's rocket testing activities and
infrastructure across all four participating NASA centers.
Engineering and technical base (ETB) activity will continue to
support the institutional capability in the operation of space flight
laboratories, technical facilities, and testbeds; to conduct independent
safety, and reliability assessments; and to stimulate science and
technical competence in the United States.
Funding for other direct costs associated with Human Space Flight,
which were previously funded in the Mission Support account, are now
funded as part of investments and support. This includes research and
program management costs and non-programmatic construction of facilities
costs.
Space shuttle.--The Space Shuttle is a partially reusable space
vehicle that provides several unique capabilities to the United States
space program. These include retrieving payloads from orbit for reuse,
servicing and repairing satellites in space, safely transporting humans
to and from space, launching ISS components and providing an assembly
platform in space, and operating and returning space laboratories. In FY
2000, the Space Shuttle launched four flights success
[[Page 1063]]
fully including the emergency HST Servicing Mission 3A which replaced
failing gyros on the HST and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
(SRTM), a joint DOD/NASA payload to study the earth. The Space Shuttle
also visited the ISS two more times, for both assembly and maintenance.
Seven flights are planned during FY 2001, all of which are ISS
assembly and servicing missions. The first crew began permanent
occupation and presence aboard the ISS in FY 2001. In FY 2002, seven
flights are planned including a dedicated microgravity research flight
and another HST Servicing Mission (HST-3B) and five ISS assembly and
servicing missions.
Space operations.--The primary goal of space operations is to
provide highly reliable and cost-effective space operations services in
support of NASA's science and aeronautics programs. In addition, support
is provided to interagency, international, and commercial space-faring
enterprising on a reimbursable basis. The Space Communications program
is composed of Operations, Mission and Data Service Upgrades, Tracking
and Data Relay Satellite Replenishment, and Technology Projects, as well
as spectrum management and data standards coordination. Services are
provided to a large number of NASA missions including planetary and
interplanetary missions; human space flight missions, near-earth and
earth orbiting missions; and sub-orbital and aeronautical flight tests.
A Consolidated Space Operations Contract (CSOC) was successfully
implemented by the Space Operations Management Office at Johnson Space
Center and the Lockheed Martin Space Operations Company. The CSOC
provides end-to-end mission and data services to both NASA and non-NASA
customers. A total of nine contracts have been consolidated to date, and
seven further contracts are to be consolidated in FY 2001 and FY 2002.
Management responsibility for all Wide Area Network data distribution
services for all human space flight, earth orbiting and deep space
missions and NASA administrative communications was outsourced by CSOC
in FY 2000. Development of the TDRS Replenishment Spacecraft is ongoing,
with the first satellite launched in FY 2000.
Safety, mission assurance and engineering.--The goal of this program
is to invest in the safety and success of NASA missions by assuring that
sound and robust policies, processes, and tools for safety, reliability,
quality assurance, and engineering disciplines are in place and applied
throughout NASA. The program also examines long-term technology
requirements for NASA's strategic objectives.
The FY 2003 budget estimate for this account is $6.9 billion.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0111-0-1-252 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent........... 613
11.3 Other than full-time permanent 8
11.5 Other personnel compensation.. 19
11.8 Special personal services
payments.................... 6
--------- --------- ----------
11.9 Total personnel compensation 646
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits..... 138
13.0 Benefits for former personnel... 467
21.0 Travel and transportation of
persons....................... 24
22.0 Transportation of things........ 3 4 4
23.1 Rental payments to GSA.......... 5
23.2 Rental payments to others....... 2 2 2
23.3 Communications, utilities, and
miscellaneous charges......... 31 55 59
24.0 Printing and reproduction....... 2 2 2
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 74 5 5
25.2 Other services.................. 190 131 142
25.3 Purchases of goods and services
from Government accounts...... 109 124 134
25.4 Operation and maintenance of
facilities.................... 235 1,378 1,489
25.5 Research and development
contracts..................... 4,585 3,199 3,454
25.7 Operation and maintenance of
equipment..................... 41 43 46
26.0 Supplies and materials.......... 199 147 159
31.0 Equipment....................... 92 94 102
32.0 Land and structures............. 77 145 157
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions................. 51 43 46
--------- --------- ----------
99.0 Subtotal, direct obligations.. 5,691 5,372 7,081
99.0 Reimbursable obligations.......... 164 163 201
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 5,855 5,535 7,282
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Personnel Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0111-0-1-252 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct:
1001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 7,922
Reimbursable:
2001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 48
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Science, Aeronautics and Technology
(including transfer of funds)
For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct
and support of science, aeronautics and technology research and
development activities, including research, development, operations,
support and services; maintenance; construction of facilities including
repair, rehabilitation, revitalization, and modification of facilities,
construction of new facilities and additions to existing facilities,
facility planning and design environmental compliance and restoration,
and acquisition or condemnation of real property, as authorized by law;
space flight, spacecraft control and communications activities including
operations, production, and services; program management; personnel and
related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefor, as authorized
by 5 U.S.C. 5901-5902; travel expenses; purchase and hire of passenger
motor vehicles; not to exceed $20,000 for official reception and
representation expenses; and purchase, lease, charter, maintenance and
operation of mission and administrative aircraft, [$6,190,700,000]
$7,191,700,000, to remain available until September 30, [2002] 2003, of
which amounts as determined by the Administrator for salaries and
benefits; training, travel and awards; facility and related costs;
information technology services; science, engineering, fabricating and
testing services; and other administrative services may be transferred
to the Human Space Flight account in accordance with section 312(b) of
the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, as amended by Public Law
106-377. (Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban
Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001, as
enacted by section 1(a)(1) of P.L. 106-377.)
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0110-0-1-999 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
Direct program:
00.01 Space science................... 2,198 2,361 2,778
00.02 Biological and physical research 280 333 376
00.03 Earth science................... 1,439 1,474 1,502
00.04 Aerospace technology............ 1,125 1,369 2,353
00.05 Space operations................ 500 26
00.06 Academic programs............... 137 146 143
00.07 Mission communication services.. 410 5
09.01 Reimbursable program.............. 432 600 680
--------- --------- ----------
10.00 Total new obligations........... 6,021 6,788 7,858
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, start of year.......... 281 306 295
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 6,014 6,777 7,872
22.10 Resources available from
recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... 31
--------- --------- ----------
23.90 Total budgetary resources
available for obligation...... 6,326 7,083 8,167
23.95 Total new obligations............. -6,021 -6,788 -7,858
23.98 Unobligated balance expiring or
withdrawn....................... -1
24.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, end of year............ 306 295 309
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 1064]]
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 5,608 6,191 7,192
40.76 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
113........................... -26
40.77 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
554 (0.22 percent)............ -14
--------- --------- ----------
43.00 Appropriation (total
discretionary).............. 5,582 6,177 7,192
Spending authority from offsetting
collections:
68.00 Offsetting collections (cash)... 540 600 680
68.10 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources. -108
--------- --------- ----------
68.90 Spending authority from
offsetting collections
(total discretionary)....... 432 600 680
--------- --------- ----------
70.00 Total new budget authority
(gross)....................... 6,014 6,777 7,872
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
Unpaid obligations, start of year:
72.40 Unpaid obligations, start of
year.......................... 3,194 3,155 3,598
72.95 Uncollected customer payments
from Federal sources, start of
year.......................... -217 -109 -109
--------- --------- ----------
72.99 Obligated balance, start of
year........................ 2,977 3,046 3,489
73.10 Total new obligations............. 6,021 6,788 7,858
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -6,017 -6,345 -7,528
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -12
73.45 Recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... -31
74.00 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources... 108
Unpaid obligations, end of year:
74.40 Unpaid obligations, end of year. 3,155 3,598 3,928
74.95 Uncollected customer payments
from Federal sources, end of
year.......................... -109 -109 -109
--------- --------- ----------
74.99 Obligated balance, end of year 3,046 3,489 3,819
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 3,028 3,386 4,398
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 2,989 2,960 3,131
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 6,017 6,345 7,528
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Offsets:
Against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (cash)
from:
88.40 Non-Federal sources........... -87 -60 -61
88.45 Offsetting governmental
collections from the public. -453 -540 -619
--------- --------- ----------
88.90 Total, offsetting
collections (cash)........ -540 -600 -680
Against gross budget authority only:
88.95 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources. 108
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 5,582 6,177 7,192
90.00 Outlays........................... 5,478 5,745 6,848
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note.--Includes $1,029 million in budget authority in 2002 for
activities previously financed from:
2000 2001
Mission support (in millions of dollars) 856 887
This appropriation provides for the science, aeronautics and
technology (SAT) supporting the Agency. The SAT activities include space
science, biological and physical research, earth science, aerospace
technology, and academic programs. This appropriation also provides for
salaries and related expenses; design, repair, rehabilitation, and
modification of facilities and construction of new facilities;
maintenance and operation of facilities; and other operations activities
supporting science, aeronautics, and technology programs.
In FY 2000 and FY 2001, the SAT account provided only for the direct
funding of science, aeronautics and technology activities, and included
funding for space operations services which are now funded within the
human space flight account. Beginning in FY 2002, other direct costs
(which include Research and Program Management and non-programmatic
Construction of Facilities) will be allocated to either the HSF or the
SAT account based on the number of full time equivalent personnel, and
there will no longer be a Mission Support account.
Performance Objectives
Space science.--The Space Science program seeks to answer
fundamental questions concerning: the galaxy and the universe; the
connection between the Sun, Earth and heliosphere; the origin and
evolution of planetary systems; and the origin and distribution of life
in the universe. The Space Science program is comprised of a base
program of' research and development activities, including research and
flight mission activities, and major space-based facilities.
In 2000, the Space Science program produced many notable scientific
accomplishments. Scientists using data from NASA's Mars Global Surveyor
spacecraft camera found features that suggest there may be current
sources of liquid water at or near the surface of the red planet. The
water supply may be about 100 to 400 meters (300 to 1,300 feet) below
the surface, and limited to specific regions across the planet.
Additional MGS images revealed layers of sedimentary rock that paint a
portrait of an ancient Mars that long ago may have featured numerous
lakes and shallow seas. These regions of sedimentary layers on Mars are
spread out and scattered around the planet.
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) scientists have, for the
first time, imaged solar storm regions on the side of the Sun facing
away from the Earth. A week's advance warning of potential bad weather
in space is now possible thanks to these SOHO measurements. Detailed
images from the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) mission
of giant fountains of fast-moving, multimillion-degree gas in the
outermost atmosphere of the Sun have revealed an important clue to a
long-standing mystery--the location of the heating mechanism that makes
the corona 300 times hotter than the Sun's visible surface. Scientists
are interested in the corona, which appears as a halo of light seen by
the unaided eye during a total solar eclipse, because eruptive events in
this region can disrupt high-technology systems on Earth. Astronomers
also hope to use the solar corona studies to better understand other
stars.
The balloon-borne BOOMERANG sub-millimeter telescope mapped the
faint light left over from the Big Bang, revealing the earliest
structure in the Universe that later became the vast, soap bubble-shaped
clusters of galaxies that astronomers observe today. BOOMERANG confirmed
that the Universe is flat (Euclidean) and that the expansion of the
universe is accelerating.
The Shoemaker Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) mission became
the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid on February 14, 2000. The
mission has returned stunning images and other data of the asteroid
Eros, resulting in numerous discoveries throughout the year. Most
recently, NEAR made history again by becoming the first spacecraft ever
to touch down on the surface of a small solar system body.
Scientists used the Chandra X-ray Observatory to examine a mid-mass
black hole in the galaxy M82. This black hole may represent the missing
link between smaller stellar black holes and the supermassive black
holes found at the centers of galaxies. A Hubble Space Telescope census
finds that the mass of a supermassive black hole is directly related to
the size of a the bulge of stars at the center of its host galaxy. This
suggests that the evolution of galaxies and their host black holes is
intimately linked.
[[Page 1065]]
The Cassini spacecraft, on its way to meet Saturn in 2004, flew by
Jupiter in December and performed joint science operations with Galileo.
The Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) was
successfully launched in March 2000, and has provided the first large-
scale pictures of the Earth's magnetic field.
The NASA budget request for FY 2002 funds a robust program of Mars
exploration for the next decade. Following the loss of the Mars Climate
Orbiter and the Mars Polar Lander in 1999, an in-depth review of our
Mars exploration program found significant flaws in program formulation
and execution, and made recommendations for the future exploration of
Mars. Consistent with those recommendations, we are pressing forward
with the development of a set of future Mars missions to establish a
sustained presence at Mars. By means of orbiters, landers, rovers and
sample return missions, NASA's revamped campaign to explore Mars is
poised to unravel the secrets of the red planet's past environments, the
history of its rocks, the many roles of water and, possibly, evidence of
past or present life. The Mars Global Surveyor entered Mars orbit in
September 1997, and is still performing flawlessly. The 2001 Mars
Odyssey will be launched in April 2001, and we have started development
of the twin Mars Environmental Rovers for launch in 2003. Additional
Mars Exploration Program funding provided in the President's FY 2002
Budget will enable: a robust 2005 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter; a
competitively selected 2007 Mars Scout mission; an accelerated 2009 Mars
Mobile Laboratory mission; U.S. participation in foreign missions to
Mars; and technologies for the next decade of robotic Mars missions.
Development activities continue on the Relativity (Gravity Probe-B)
mission, which is now scheduled for launch in 2002, and the Space
Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), with launch planned for July 2002.
Launch of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and
Dynamics (TIMED) mission is expected to occur this summer (2001).
Development activities on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared
Astronomy (SOFIA) continue. Funding for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
continues to support operations and preparations for the last planned
Hubble servicing missions, servicing mission 3B in early FY 2002 and
servicing mission 4 in FY 2004, when new science instruments will be
installed.
In the Explorer program, development activities continue for the
Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP), which will be launched in summer 2001;
the Full-sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer (FAME), scheduled for launch
in 2004, and Swift, a multi-wavelength observatory for gamma-ray burst
astronomy, to be launched in 2003. Three Small (SMEX) missions continued
development in FY 1999: the High Energy Spectroscopic Imager (HESSI) is
to launch in spring 2001; the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) will
launch in early FY 2002; and the Two Wide-Angle Neutral Atom
Spectrometers (TWINS) will be launched in 2002 and 2004.
In the Discovery program, the fourth mission, Stardust, was launched
on schedule in February 1999, and is operating normally during its
cruise to comet Wild-2, with the encounter scheduled for 2004. Two
Discovery missions selected in 1997 are proceeding: the Comet Nucleus
Tour (CONTOUR) began development in CY 2000 and will be launched in
2002; the Genesis solar wind sample return mission has nearly finished
development and will be launched in summer 2001. Two new missions were
selected for implementation during 1999: The MErcury Surface, Space
ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission to orbit
Mercury; and the Deep Impact mission to fly by and fire an impactor into
a comet. Both MESSENGER and Deep Impact are planned for launch in 2004.
The New Millennium program is providing flight demonstrations of
critical new technologies which will reduce the mass and cost of future
science and spacecraft subsystems, while maintaining or improving
mission capabilities. In 1999, NASA selected the Nanosat Constellation
Trailblazer as the Space Technology-5 New Millennium mission. This
mission will feature three very small satellites (each about the size of
a large birthday cake), that will fly in formation and test eight
technologies in the harsh space environment near the boundary of Earth's
protective magnetic field. The Flight Validation program has been
restructured to enhance openness and competition as well as to increase
the number of opportunities for technologies to be flight-validated. An
Announcement of Opportunity for Space Technology-6 technologies was
recently released, and in January 2001, eight teams from industry,
universities and NASA centers were selected to develop new technology
concepts, such as advanced solar power and optical communications, for
future NASA missions. The teams will study flight test options during a
six-month phase for defining the technology concepts. NASA then plans to
select up to five of the concepts for Space Technology-6 (ST-6), the
next New Millennium Program project, which will flight-test the new
technology concepts in 2003 and 2004.
The President's FY 2002 Budget also provides funding for a new
Planetary Propulsion program. This program will competitively develop
advanced propulsion systems that will reduce the flight time for future
robotic missions to the planets and other science targets in the solar
system.
Biological and Physical Research.--In FY 2001, the Office of
Biological and Physical Research (OBPR) was created as an independent
research organization and a fifth strategic enterprise, by the
restructuring of the Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and
Applications (OLMSA). The Enterprise uses the unique environment of
space to understand the effect of gravity on biological systems and to
conduct research in the areas of fluid physics, combustion science,
fundamental physics, materials science and biotechnology.
In FY 2000, Space Shuttle Mission STS-101 flew two commercial
research payloads which grew large biological crystals in space and
investigated the effects of microgravity on the efficiency of
genetically transforming plant seeds. Also during FY 2000, the Protein
Crystal Growth-Enhanced Gaseous Nitrogen Dewar (PCG-EGN), was used
aboard ISS to crystallize proteins for later analysis.
In FY 2001, the first rack of the Human Research Facility (HRF) will
be deployed to the International Space Station, and OBPR will begin
initial operations of this facility. Construction continues on the
Booster Applications Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In FY
2001, research in bioastronautics increased to accelerate development of
countermeasures that will improve the health and safety of astronauts
aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Devices and
countermeasures developed through this initiative may also have many
health benefits on Earth. The first four commercial research payloads,
investigating antibiotic production, protein crystal growth,
agricultural research, and materials research, will be flown on the
International Space Station in FY 2001.
During FY 2002, OBPR will continue to demonstrate key technology
capabilities for human support, such as advanced techniques for water
processing, solid waste processing, air revitalization, biomass
production, food processing, and thermal control. In addition, the
office will continue work in fundamental biology and bioastronautics to
increase knowledge and address critical questions in crew health and
safety by conducting investigations on the Space Shuttle and ISS. These
will include investigations of the effect of microgravity on skeletal
myofibers, avian development in space, the effects of microgravity on
bone as a function of age, changes in gene expression in bacteria in
space, and the effects of gravity on plant photosynthesis and
respiration. New research projects will be selected in the areas of
biotechnology, fluid
[[Page 1066]]
physics, and materials science, and commercial payloads will be flown on
both the Shuttle and aboard ISS.
Earth Science.--The mission of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise (ESE)
is to develop a scientific understanding of the Earth system and its
response to natural and human-induced changes to enable improved
prediction of climate, weather and natural hazards for present and
future generations. ESE seeks to answer a question of fundamental
importance to science and society: How is the Earth system changing, and
what are the consequences for life on Earth? To do so ESE is developing
the interdisciplinary research field of Earth System Science, which
recognizes that the Earth's land surface, oceans, atmosphere, ice
sheets, and life itself all interact in a highly dynamic system. Earth
system science is an area of research with immense benefit to the
Nation, leading to new knowledge and tools that may improve weather
forecasting, agriculture, urban and regional planning, environmental
quality, and natural disaster management. ESE has established three
goals to pursue in order to fulfill its mission: (1) Science--observe,
understand, and model the Earth system to learn how it is changing, and
the consequences for life on Earth; (2) Applications--expand and
accelerate the realization of economic and societal benefits from Earth
science, information, and technology; (3) Technology--develop and adopt
advanced technologies to enable mission success and serve national
priorities.
In ESE Science, 2000 was another year of substantial accomplishment
toward understanding the Earth system. In an 11-day Space Shuttle
mission, a new inteferometric synthetic aperture radar technique
collected data sufficient to produce the first detailed topographic map
of the entire land surface of the Earth between 60+N and 56+S. Landsat 7
completed a global survey of land cover, and the Terra satellite
observed the global land and ocean biosphere as it underwent seasonal
changes, and showed that snow cover over North America was substantially
below normal following the warmest winter on record. The QuikSCAT
satellite observed a Connecticut-size iceberg break off of the Antarctic
polar ice sheet, and the US and Canada mapped Antarctica for the second
time with space-based radar in order to compare with the first and
determine rates of change. Using data from the US/Japan Tropical
Rainfall Measuring Mission, researchers determined that air pollution
affects rainfall rates downwind of its sources. Also in 2000, ESE
formulated a new Research Strategy for 2000-2010 to guide research over
the next decade, identifying 23 societally important research questions
in the Earth system paradigm of variability, forcing, response,
consequence and prediction. This Research Strategy will guide ESE's
science activities and investments over the next decade.
In ESE Applications, ESE has entered into a variety of partnerships
that will demonstrate the goods and services made possible by ESE's
research. ESE provides QuikSCAT data in real time to NOAA to improve
marine weather forecasting, and has used these data to show that severe
storms forming over the oceans can be predicted two days in advance. ESE
is working with FEMA to use remote sensing tools to update their flood
plain maps throughout the US. In a partnership called AG 2020 with USDA
and four growers associations representing 100,000 farmers, ESE is
demonstrating how to increase crop productivity, reduce risks to crop
health, and manage environmental impacts. With the National Institutes
of Health, we are exploring the use of satellite data to predict spread
of infectious diseases such as malaria that are highly influenced by
weather and climate. Throughout the summer, three ESE satellites tracked
devastating wildfires in the western US, providing data to the US Forest
Service and regional authorities. ESE held three regional workshops
across the US to plan the next generation of applications demonstration
projects with State and local governments in infrastructure planning and
related topics.
In ESE Technology, the Enterprise launched its first New Millennium
Program satellite to demonstrate a variety of new technologies for Earth
Science. These include a new instrument to produce a Landsat-type sensor
one-fourth the size of the current Landsat 7 instrument, and the first
hyperspectral imager in space, which views the land surface in hundreds
of spectral channels rather than the conventional 5 to 7. Sponsored
technology research with universities, industry and other government
laboratories moved 20 different remote sensing instrument concepts one
step closer to reality on an established scale of technology maturity.
These will substantially reduce the cost and enhance the capability of
new satellites over the next decade or more.
ESE is in the midst of deployment of the Earth Observing System
(EOS), a set of spacecraft and associated interdisciplinary science
investigations to initiate a long-term data set of key parameters
required for the study of global climate change. The first four EOS
satellites are already in orbit, including the flagship Terra mission
launched in 1999. The remaining EOS satellites will be launched through
2003, including Aqua (2001) to study the water cycle and atmospheric
circulation, and Aura (2003) to probe the chemistry of the upper and
lower atmosphere. Complementing EOS is a series of small, focused Earth
System Science Pathfinder missions to explore Earth system processes
never before examined globally from space. Data from the EOS satellites
already in orbit are being acquired, processed, and distributed by the
EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS), which is currently handling
more than 1 terabyte of data per day. EOSDIS handled 1.5 million user
queries for over 8 million products in 2000. EOSDIS continues to evolve
as new satellites are launched, and as new partners are added to produce
data products with innovative applications.
As it deploys EOS, ESE is also planning for the future. For
example, a Landsat Data Continuity Mission is being formulated in
partnership with USGS, and will be implemented as a commercial data
purchase, if possible. ESE is also planning for the transition of
several of its key research observations to the Nation's weather
satellite system. The DoD, NOAA and NASA have established an Integrated
Program Office (IPO) to create a converged civilian and military weather
satellite system called the National Polar-orbiting Operational
Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) to replace the present
generation of separate systems. NASA and the IPO are jointly funding the
NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) that will simultaneously continue key
measurements begun by EOS and demonstrate instruments for NPOESS. The
NPP will save money for both organizations by combining essential
atmospheric and Earth surface observations on a single platform, and by
seeking to meet both climate science and operational weather
requirements with the same advanced instruments.
ESE data products and research are a major contribution to the US
Global Change Research Program, an interagency collaboration overseen by
the Committee on Natural Resources of the National Science and
Technology Council. Because Earth science is inherently global in scope,
ESE is engaged in a variety of international partnerships with
individual nation's space agencies, and with international consortia
such as the World Meteorological Organization. ESE seeks and receives
scientific advice on a broad range of topics from the various boards and
committees of the National Research Council. These partnerships,
together with those above, ensure that NASA's Earth Science Enterprise
conducts research at the frontiers of Earth science on questions of
practical importance to the Nation.
[[Page 1067]]
Aerospace Technology.--The mission of this Enterprise is to pioneer
the identification, development, verification, transfer, application,
and commercialization of high-payoff aerospace technologies. Through its
research and technology accomplishments, Aerospace Technology promotes
economic growth and national security by supporting a safe, efficient
national aviation system and affordable, reliable space transportation.
In addition, the Aerospace Technology Program supports the development
of crosscutting technology to serve the needs of all NASA Enterprises.
To meet this challenge, the Enterprise has established three main
technology goals and one goal for commercialization. Within the three
technology goals a set of objectives has been defined to address current
and future National needs. The technologies associated with these
objectives are pre-competitive, long-term, high-risk research endeavors
with high payoff in terms of market growth, safety, low acquisition
cost, consumer affordability and a cleaner environment. The first goal,
Revolutionize Aviation, addresses the fundamental, systemic issues in
the aviation system to ensure continued growth and development
appropriate to the needs of the national and global economies. These
systemic issues--safety, capacity, environmental compatibility, and
mobility--cut across markets including large subsonic civil transports,
air cargo, commuter and general aviation. NASA coordinates its
investments and technology objectives in this area with the Federal
Aviation Administration and the Department of Defense through the
National Research and Development Plan for Aviation Security,
Efficiency, and Environmental Compatibility. The second goal, Advance
Space Transportation, will create a safe, affordable highway through the
air and into space by improving safety, reliability, and operability,
while significantly reducing the cost of space transportation systems.
With the creation of the Integrated Space Transportation Plan (ISTP),
NASA defined a single, integrated investment strategy for all its
diverse space transportation efforts. The third goal, Pioneer Technology
Innovation, is unique in that it focuses on broad, crosscutting
innovations critical to a number of NASA missions and to the aerospace
industry in general. Pursuing technology fields that are in their
infancy today, developing the knowledge bases necessary to design
radically new aerospace systems, and developing tools for efficient,
high-confidence design and development, will enable a revolution in
aerospace. The fourth goal, Commercialize Technology, is to extend the
commercial application of NASA technology for economic benefit and
improved quality of life. By partnering with both aerospace and non-
aerospace industry as well as academia, the full range of NASA's
assets--technological expertise, new technologies, and research
facilities--are made available to help the Nation.
As planned in the FY 2001 budget request, the Administration's 2002
request includes an increase in funding for the 2nd Generation Reusable
Launch Vehicle (RLV) Program, although this request is lower than last
year's projections primarily due to reallocation of Crew Return Vehicle
placeholder funding to the International Space Station. Low-cost space
transportation remains the key enabler for a more aggressive civil space
program. NASA's Integrated Space Transportation Planning activities have
identified a strategy based upon competition, safety, industry
leadership and affordable requirements. Funding supports aggressive
technical risk reduction and advanced development for multiple reusable
launch vehicle concepts. Identification and preliminary development of
NASA-unique systems and near-term pursuit of technologies required for
alternative access for key Space Station needs are also both critical
elements of the Integrated Space Transportation Plan (ISTP). All of
these efforts combined will move NASA closer to a full and open RLV
competition in the middle of this decade to meet NASA's human space
flight needs by the end of the decade. In FY 2001, NASA will make the
first risk reduction activity awards to industry under the 2nd
Generation RLV Program. These risk reduction activities will continue
through FY 2002 and feed future steps toward the launch services
competition at mid-decade. The President's FY 2002 Budget prescribes
several key management reforms in areas like vehicle requirements and
program integration that will help ensure the success of this important
undertaking.
The Administration's request includes a significant investment in
computing and information technology developments and also increases the
investment in biotechnology and nanotechnology--the revolutionary
technologies of the 21st Century. To ensure the highest quality research
and strong ties to NASA's mission, these investments will be guided by
technology development agreements signed by customers in other NASA
Enterprises and subject to external, independent reviews. A significant
portion of these investments will be externally competed. The
Administration's request supports the implementation of six University-
based Research, Education, and Training Institutes (RETIs). This will
strengthen NASA's ties to the academic community through long-term
sustained investment in areas of science and technology critical to
NASA's future. To ensure the highest quality research and training and
infusion of new ideas, these RETIs will be subject to independent,
external reviews and recompetition at regular intervals, including
mandatory sunsets after ten years. The Administration's request also
supports a 21st Century aerospace vehicle technology program. This
research will develop and verify critical technologies that provide
leapfrog capabilities for aerospace vehicles that will be able to change
their shape in flight like birds to optimize performance or perform
complex maneuvers in complete safety, and be capable of self repair when
damaged.
The President's request for NASA maintains investments in technology
development activities that will address the challenges (safety,
environmental impact, capacity, and noise reduction) that face the
Nation's air system. As part of NASA's response to the national goal of
reducing aircraft accidents by a factor of 5 by the end of FY 2007, NASA
began a focused Aviation Safety Program (AvSP) in FY 2000 that builds on
the extensive safety related activities of the Base Research and
Technology (R&T) Programs. The base technologies provided the foundation
for focused safety development efforts in the future, as well as some
near-term achievements. For example, in FY 2000, AvSP produced an icing
training program for general aviation and commuter pilots, completed a
flight evaluation of an initial national capability for digital data
link and graphical display of weather information, and demonstrated a
concept for the integration of air traffic control runway incursion
information onto aircraft flight deck displays. In FY 2001, the AvSP
will complete a laboratory demonstration of a fuel system modification
to reduce flammability, define the architecture for an integrated
onboard health management system, and down-select synthetic vision
concepts suitable for retrofit in commercial, business, and general
aviation aircraft. The Base R&T Programs will continue to develop the
technologies that will contribute to the FY 2007 goal. For example, in
FY 2002, NASA will complete an interim progress assessment utilizing the
technology products of the Aviation Safety program as well as related
Aerospace Base R&T efforts to demonstrate potential to meet the National
Goal.
NASA also continued its efforts to reduce the environmental impact
associated with aviation systems. The Ultra Efficient Engine Technology
(UEET) program is a focused program that began in FY 2000. UEET is
planned and designed to develop high-payoff, high-risk technologies to
enable the next breakthroughs in propulsion systems and to spawn a new
generation of high-performance, operationally efficient and economical,
reliable and environmentally compatible U.S. air
[[Page 1068]]
craft. In FY 2002, UEET will, in sector combustor tests, demonstrate
initial 70% low NOx reduction, relative to 1996 International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards for Landing/Takeoff conditions in
subsonic engines. Similarly, progress is being achieved in noise
abatement efforts. In 2000, NASA validated the technologies required to
reduce community noise impact by up to 10 dB relative to 1992
technology. In FY 2001 and FY 2002, NASA will: select engine system and
airframe system technologies necessary to achieve a 3-dB aircraft system
noise reduction beyond the 1997 baseline, establish the influence of
wind and temperature gradients on community noise impact, and release
the beta version of an improved advanced noise prediction code. Also in
FY 2002, source diagnostics tests will be completed, giving engine
component designers insight into the fundamental physics of the
mechanisms that generate broadband fan noise. The data generated by
these tests will be used to improve the computational algorithms used in
computer codes to predict engine noise. The design of an advanced
concept for reduced jet noise will be initiated for testing at
laboratory scale later in the Quiet Aircraft Technology program.
In FY 2000, NASA's Aviation System Capacity program demonstrated
technologies in a realistic Terminal Area environment, achieving a 12-
15% increase in single-runway throughput and proving the ability to
space aircraft closer than 3,400 feet on parallel runways while meeting
all Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) safety criteria. In FY 2001,
NASA will demonstrate transition airspace decision support tools for:
(1) Air Traffic Control (ATC)/airline operations center and ATC/cockpit
information exchange, and (2) conflict resolution. In FY 2002 NASA will
demonstrate an interoperable suite of at least two decision support
tools for arrival, surface and departure operations and begin an
activity entitled AvSTAR which will undertake a Virtual Airspace
Modeling project to produce a high-fidelity computer model of the
Nation's aviation system. This model will help the FAA and NASA develop
new operational concepts and better understand the benefits of new
technologies for reducing aviation system congestion and delays while
improving aviation safety.
Building on its world-record-setting performances, the Environmental
Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) project modified the
Centurion solar-powered remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) to a wingspan
configuration of greater than 245 feet, renamed the aircraft Helios, and
continued flight testing in FY 2000. This configuration will be more
suitable for extreme endurance as well as short flights to the 100,000
ft. altitude. In FY 2001, the Flight Research program will demonstrate a
solar-powered RPA at 100,000 ft and complete development of a
heavyweight energy storage system under the ERAST project. Both
achievements will demonstrate technologies that will provide atmospheric
satellites for commercial use, disaster relief efforts such as
communication relays and real time sensing, and will increase the
Nation's capability to make scientific sampling high in the atmosphere.
In FY 2002 flight validation of an experimental, consumable fuel, RPA
design will enable an enhanced prototype vehicle that meets the
prescribed set of Earth Science RPA platform requirements.
The Commercial Technology Program's focus in FY 2000 was continued
investment of 10-20 percent of the NASA R&D budget in commercial
partnerships with industry and a more efficiently administered program.
Based on experience to date, these commercial partnerships are expected
to increase the return on the Government's R&D investment, allowing NASA
to do more with limited funds, and strengthening the international
competitiveness of key industry sectors. In FY 2001 and 2002, the
program will continue to emphasize innovative commercial partnerships
with industry and continue to refine and enhance a technology and
partnership database. In addition, the Small Business Innovative
Research programs will pursue increased use and expanded commercial
application of the developed technology.
Academic programs.--The goal of Academic Programs is educational
excellence: NASA involves the educational community in our endeavors to
inspire America's students, create learning opportunities, and enlighten
inquisitive minds. NASA's Education Program brings students and
educators at all levels into its missions and its research as
participants and partners, providing opportunities for a diverse group
of educators and students to experience first hand involvement with NASA
personnel, facilities, and research and development activities. Academic
Programs includes the Minority University Research Program, with a goal
to expand NASA's research base by strengthening the research
capabilities of minority universities and colleges; to contribute to the
scientific and technological workforce; and to promote educational
excellence. The range of activities conducted under this program will
continue to capture the interest of all students in science and
technology, develop talented students at the undergraduate and graduate
levels, provide research opportunities for students and faculty members
at NASA centers, and strengthen and enhance the research capabilities of
the Nation's colleges and universities.
The 2003 budget estimate for this account is $8.1 billion.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0110-0-1-999 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent........... 814
11.3 Other than full-time permanent 10
11.5 Other personnel compensation.. 25
11.8 Special personal services
payments.................... 7
--------- --------- ----------
11.9 Total personnel compensation 856
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits..... 185
13.0 Benefits for former personnel... 619
21.0 Travel and transportation of
persons....................... 31
22.0 Transportation of things........ 4 5 5
23.1 Rental payments to GSA.......... 8
23.3 Communications, utilities, and
miscellaneous charges......... 54 58 51
24.0 Printing and reproduction....... 6 5 5
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 118 116 93
25.2 Other services.................. 627 824 731
25.3 Purchases of goods and services
from Government accounts...... 250 238 211
25.4 Operation and maintenance of
facilities.................... 395 282 250
25.5 Research and development
contracts..................... 2,910 3,343 2,962
25.6 Medical care.................... 2
25.7 Operation and maintenance of
equipment..................... 47 88 78
26.0 Supplies and materials.......... 146 224 199
31.0 Equipment....................... 122 108 96
32.0 Land and structures............. 65 26 23
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions................. 845 871 773
--------- --------- ----------
99.0 Subtotal, direct obligations.. 5,589 6,188 7,178
99.0 Reimbursable obligations.......... 432 600 680
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 6,021 6,788 7,858
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Personnel Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0110-0-1-999 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct:
1001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 10,772
Reimbursable:
2001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 50
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 1069]]
[Mission Support]
[For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in carrying out
mission support for human space flight programs and science,
aeronautical, and technology programs, including research operations and
support; maintenance; construction of facilities including
revitalization and modification of facilities, construction of new
facilities and additions to existing facilities, facility planning and
design, environmental compliance and restoration, and acquisition or
condemnation of real property, as authorized by law; program management;
personnel and related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefor,
as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 5901-5902; travel expenses; purchase, lease,
charter, maintenance, and operation of mission and administrative
aircraft; not to exceed $40,000 for official reception and
representation expenses; and purchase (not to exceed 33 for replacement
only) and hire of passenger motor vehicles, $2,608,700,000 to remain
available until September 30, 2002.] (Departments of Veterans Affairs
and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2001, as enacted by section 1(a)(1) of P.L. 106-
377.)
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0112-0-1-999 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
Direct program:
00.01 Safety, mission assurance,
engineering, and advanced
concepts...................... 43 47 5
00.02 Research and program management. 2,200 2,292 43
00.03 Construction of facilities...... 170 233 56
00.04 Space communication services.... 88 5
--------- --------- ----------
01.00 Total direct program............ 2,501 2,577 104
09.01 Reimbursable program.............. 114 76
--------- --------- ----------
10.00 Total new obligations........... 2,615 2,653 104
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, start of year.......... 86 136 162
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 2,625 2,679
22.10 Resources available from
recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... 40
--------- --------- ----------
23.90 Total budgetary resources
available for obligation...... 2,751 2,815 162
23.95 Total new obligations............. -2,615 -2,653 -104
24.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, end of year............ 136 162 58
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 2,514 2,609
40.35 Appropriation rescinded......... -3
40.77 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
554 (0.22 percent)............ -6
--------- --------- ----------
43.00 Appropriation (total
discretionary).............. 2,511 2,603
Spending authority from offsetting
collections:
68.00 Offsetting collections (cash)... 137 76
68.10 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources. -23
--------- --------- ----------
68.90 Spending authority from
offsetting collections
(total discretionary)....... 114 76
--------- --------- ----------
70.00 Total new budget authority
(gross)....................... 2,625 2,679
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
Unpaid obligations, start of year:
72.40 Unpaid obligations, start of
year.......................... 645 659 664
72.95 Uncollected customer payments
from Federal sources, start of
year.......................... -59 -36 -36
--------- --------- ----------
72.99 Obligated balance, start of
year........................ 586 623 628
73.10 Total new obligations............. 2,615 2,653 104
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -2,553 -2,648 -538
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -9
73.45 Recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... -40
74.00 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources... 23
Unpaid obligations, end of year:
74.40 Unpaid obligations, end of year. 659 664 230
74.95 Uncollected customer payments
from Federal sources, end of
year.......................... -36 -36 -36
--------- --------- ----------
74.99 Obligated balance, end of year 623 628 194
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 1,988 2,156
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 565 492 538
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 2,553 2,648 538
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Offsets:
Against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (cash)
from:
88.40 Non-Federal sources........... -18 -15
88.45 Offsetting governmental
collections from the public. -119 -61
--------- --------- ----------
88.90 Total, offsetting
collections (cash)........ -137 -76
Against gross budget authority only:
88.95 Change in uncollected customer
payments from Federal sources. 23
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 2,511 2,603
90.00 Outlays........................... 2,416 2,572 538
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note.--Excludes $2,741 million in budget authority in 2002 for
activities transferred to Human Space Flight and Science, Aeronautics
and Technology. Estimated comparable amounts for 2000 ($2,422 million)
and 2001 ($2,602 million) are included above.
In FY 2000 and FY 2001, this appropriation provides funding for
mission support and includes: safety, mission assurance, engineering and
advanced concepts activities supporting agency programs; salaries and
related expenses in support of research in NASA field installations;
design, repair, rehabilitation and modification of institutional
facilities and construction of new institutional facilities; and other
operations activities supporting conduct of agency programs.
Beginning in FY 2002, NASA is implementing a two-appropriation
budget (excluding the Inspector General account). The two-appropriation
budget (Human Space Flight (HSF) and Science, Aeronautics and Technology
(SAT)) is NASA's first step at transitioning to a full cost budget.
While full cost will ultimately integrate institutional and programmatic
funds into a single budget, that integration is done in a step-wise
manner, by providing for a mission support budget line under each
Enterprise and eliminating the present mission support appropriation.
This initial step will begin to recognize, budget, and track direct full
time eqivalent (FTE) personnel associated at the Enterprise level and
then use this FTE data to distribute other-than-direct (OTD)
institutional costs (Research and Program Management and non-
programmatic Construction of Facilities) using the relative percentages
of direct FTE's by Enterprise.
This means the distribution of the OTD resources takes advantage of
a basic assumption, to be used prior to the existence of cost and
service pools, that FTE's are a reasonable relative indicator at the
Enterprise level of required facility and institutional capabilities.
Taking this step will help program/project personnel and decision makers
begin to understand the potential magnitude of institutional funds that
are associated with each Enterprise in preparation for the day when full
cost budgeting will distribute these funds most appropriately to the
project level via the appropriate cost/service pools.
The Mission Support budget shown below is shown for display purposes
only. Beginning in FY 2002, there will no longer be a Mission Support
account. Institutional costs will be budgeted within HSF and SAT (as
discussed above) and Safety, mission assurance and engineering will be
budgeted within the HSF account.
NASA plans to control personnel levels through full time permanent
(FTP) civil servant positions while continuing to track full time
equivalent positions, as done in the past. This will allow NASA more
flexibility in the use of non-permanent positions for short-term
technical needs as well as co-op and intern programs.
[[Page 1070]]
Performance Objectives
Research and program management.--In FY 2000 and FY 2001, this
activity provides for the salaries, travel support, other personnel
expenses of the entire NASA civil service workforce, and includes vital
support to the physical plant at the Centers and at NASA Headquarters.
Construction of facilities.--In FY 2000 and FY 2001, this activity
provides for facility construction activities to preserve NASA's
infrastructure and enable NASA's missions; environmental compliance and
restoration activities, design of facilities projects, and advanced
planning and critical functional leadership activities related to future
facilities needs. Activities in support of construction projects to
repair, revitalize and modernize the basic infrastructure and
institutional facilities at NASA centers will continue with the major
focus on eliminating safety-related concerns. Increasing attention is
being given to activities in support of environmental compliance and
restoration requirements.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0112-0-1-999 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent........... 1,268 1,370
11.3 Other than full-time permanent 21 25
11.5 Other personnel compensation.. 26 32
11.8 Special personal services
payments.................... 10 9
--------- --------- ----------
11.9 Total personnel compensation 1,325 1,436
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits..... 289 313
13.0 Benefits for former personnel... 7
21.0 Travel and transportation of
persons....................... 50 53
22.0 Transportation of things........ 6 4
23.1 Rental payments to GSA.......... 17 13
23.3 Communications, utilities, and
miscellaneous charges......... 19 28 4
24.0 Printing and reproduction....... 7 5 1
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 10 5 1
25.2 Other services.................. 242 191 26
25.3 Purchases of goods and services
from Government accounts...... 27 22 3
25.4 Operation and maintenance of
facilities.................... 105 119 16
25.5 Research and development
contracts..................... 70 110 15
25.6 Medical care.................... 7 5 1
25.7 Operation and maintenance of
equipment..................... 100 77 10
26.0 Supplies and materials.......... 47 31 4
31.0 Equipment....................... 25 39 5
32.0 Land and structures............. 143 123 17
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions................. 6 3 1
--------- --------- ----------
99.0 Subtotal, direct obligations.. 2,502 2,577 104
99.0 Reimbursable obligations.......... 113 76
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 2,615 2,653 104
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Personnel Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0112-0-1-999 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct:
1001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 18,094 18,643
Reimbursable:
2001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 89 98
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Research and Development
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0108-0-1-999 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
Unpaid obligations, start of year:
72.40 Unpaid obligations, start of
year.......................... 29
--------- --------- ----------
72.99 Obligated balance, start of
year........................ 29
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -18
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -11
Unpaid obligations, end of year:
74.40 Unpaid obligations, end of year.
--------- --------- ----------
74.99 Obligated balance, end of year
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 18
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority..................
90.00 Outlays........................... 18
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since FY 1995 NASA's research and development activities have been
performed in Human space flight; Science, aeronautics and technology;
and Mission support. This account shows spending from balances prior to
the account restructuring.
Space Flight, Control and Data Communications
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0105-0-1-252 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
Unpaid obligations, start of year:
72.40 Unpaid obligations, start of
year.......................... 14 1
--------- --------- ----------
72.99 Obligated balance, start of
year........................ 14 1
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -1 -1
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -13
Unpaid obligations, end of year:
74.40 Unpaid obligations, end of year. 1
--------- --------- ----------
74.99 Obligated balance, end of year 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority..................
90.00 Outlays........................... 1 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since FY 1995 NASA's Space flight, control and data communications
activities have been performed in Human space flight; Science,
aeronautics and technology; and Mission support. This account shows
spending from balances prior to the account restructuring.
Construction of Facilities
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0107-0-1-999 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
10.00 Total new obligations............. 7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, start of year.......... 13 7 7
23.95 Total new obligations............. -7
24.40 Unobligated balance carried
forward, end of year............ 7 7 7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
Unpaid obligations, start of year:
72.40 Unpaid obligations, start of
year.......................... 18 12
--------- --------- ----------
[[Page 1071]]
72.99 Obligated balance, start of
year........................ 18 12
73.10 Total new obligations............. 7
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -12 -12 -7
Unpaid obligations, end of year:
74.40 Unpaid obligations, end of year. 12 -7
--------- --------- ----------
74.99 Obligated balance, end of year 12 -7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 12 12 7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority..................
90.00 Outlays........................... 12 12 7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since FY 1995 NASA's Construction of facilities activities have been
performed in Human space flight; Science, aeronautics and technology;
and Mission support. This account shows spending from balances prior to
the account restructuring.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0107-0-1-999 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
25.2 Other services.................... 1
25.3 Purchases of goods and services
from Government accounts........ 2
32.0 Land and structures............... 4
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Office of Inspector General
For necessary expenses of the Office of Inspector General in
carrying out the Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended,
[$23,000,000] $23,700,000. (Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing
and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act,
2001, as enacted by section 1(a)(1) of P.L. 106-377.)
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0109-0-1-252 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
10.00 Total new obligations............. 20 23 24
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 20 23 24
23.95 Total new obligations............. -20 -23 -24
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 20 23 24
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
Unpaid obligations, start of year:
72.40 Unpaid obligations, start of
year.......................... 3 2 3
--------- --------- ----------
72.99 Obligated balance, start of
year........................ 3 2 3
73.10 Total new obligations............. 20 23 24
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -20 -22 -24
Unpaid obligations, end of year:
74.40 Unpaid obligations, end of year. 2 3 2
--------- --------- ----------
74.99 Obligated balance, end of year 2 3 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 18 20 21
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 2 1 3
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 20 22 24
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 20 23 24
90.00 Outlays........................... 20 22 24
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The mission of the Office of Inspector General is to conduct audits
and investigations of agency activities. The Inspector General keeps the
Administrator informed of problems and deficiencies in agency programs
and operations.
The 2003 budget estimate for this account is $25 million.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0109-0-1-252 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.1 Personnel compensation: Full-time
permanent....................... 16 18 18
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits....... 3 4 4
21.0 Travel and transportation of
persons......................... 1 1 2
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 20 23 24
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Personnel Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0109-0-1-252 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 192 213 213
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trust Funds
Science, Space, and Technology Education Trust Fund
Unavailable Collections (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-8978-0-7-503 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
01.99 Balance, start of year............ 15 15 15
Receipts:
02.40 Earnings on investments; Science,
Space and Technology Education,
Trust Fu........................ 1 1 1
--------- --------- ----------
04.00 Total: Balances and collections... 16 16 16
Appropriations:
05.00 Science, space, and technology
education trust fund............ -1 -1 -1
--------- --------- ----------
07.99 Balance, end of year.............. 15 15 15
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-8978-0-7-503 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
10.00 Total new obligations (object
class 41.0)..................... 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 1 1 1
23.95 Total new obligations............. -1 -1 -1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Mandatory:
60.27 Appropriation (trust fund,
indefinite)................... 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
73.10 Total new obligations............. 1 1 1
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -1 -1 -1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.97 Outlays from new mandatory
authority....................... 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 1 1 1
90.00 Outlays........................... 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
92.01 Total investments, start of year:
Federal securities: Par value... 13 13 13
92.02 Total investments, end of year:
Federal securities: Par value... 13 13 13
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
National Space Grant Program
Unavailable Collections (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-8977-0-7-252 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
01.99 Balance, start of year............
Receipts:
02.00 Gifts and donations............... 3
Appropriations:
05.00 National space grant program gift
fund............................ -3
--------- --------- ----------
[[Page 1072]]
07.99 Balance, end of year..............
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-8977-0-7-252 2000 actual 2001 est. 2002 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
10.00 Total new obligations (object
class 41.0)..................... 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 3
23.95 Total new obligations............. -3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Mandatory:
60.27 Appropriation (trust fund,
indefinite)................... 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
73.10 Total new obligations............. 3
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.97 Outlays from new mandatory
authority....................... 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 3
90.00 Outlays........................... 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Administrative Provisions
Notwithstanding the limitation on the availability of funds
appropriated for ``Human space flight'', or ``Science, aeronautics and
technology''[, or ``Mission support''] by this appropriations Act, when
any activity has been initiated by the incurrence of obligations for
construction of facilities as authorized by law, such amount available
for such activity shall remain available until expended. This provision
does not apply to the amounts appropriated [in ``Mission support''
pursuant to the authorization] for institutional minor revitalization
and construction of facilities, and institutional facility planning and
design.
Notwithstanding the limitation on the availability of funds
appropriated for ``Human space flight'', or ``Science, aeronautics and
technology''[, or ``Mission support''] by this appropriations Act, the
amounts appropriated for construction of facilities shall remain
available until September 30, [2003] 2004.
[Notwithstanding the limitation on the availability of funds
appropriated for ``Mission support'' and ``Office of Inspector
General'', amounts made available by this Act for personnel and related
costs and travel expenses of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration shall remain available until September 30, 2001 and may
be used to enter into contracts for training, investigations, costs
associated with personnel relocation, and for other services, to be
provided during the next fiscal year.] Funds for announced prizes
otherwise authorized shall remain available, without fiscal year
limitation, until the prize is claimed or the offer is withdrawn.
[Unless otherwise provided for in this Act or in the joint
explanatory statement of the committee of conference accompanying this
Act, no part of the funds appropriated for ``Human space flight'' may be
used for the development of the International Space Station in excess of
the amounts set forth in the budget estimates submitted as part of the
budget request for fiscal year 2001.]
[No funds in this or any other Appropriations Act may be used to
finalize an agreement prior to December 1, 2001 between NASA and a
nongovernment organization to conduct research utilization and
commercialization management activities of the International Space
Station.] (Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban
Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001, as
enacted by section 1(a)(1) of P.L. 106-377.)
[TITLE XIII--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION]
[Administrative Provision]
[Sec. 1301. Of the proceeds in any fiscal year from the sale of
timber on Federal property at the John C. Stennis Space Center, or on
additional real property within the restricted easement area adjacent to
the Center, any funds that are in excess of the amount necessary for the
expenses of commonly accepted forest management practices on such
properties may be retained and used by the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration for the acquisition from willing sellers of up to a
total of 500 acres of real property to establish education and visitor
programs and facilities that promote and preserve the regional and
national history of the area, including the contributions of Stennis
Space Center, and, as necessary, for wetlands mitigation.] (Division B,
Miscellaneous Appropriations Act, 2001, as enacted by section 1(a)(4) of
P.L. 106-554.)