[Budget of the United States Government]
[V. Investing in the Common Good: Program Performance in Federal Functions]
[12. International Affairs]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
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12. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
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Table 12-1. Federal Resources in Support of International Affairs
(In millions of dollars)
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Estimate
Function 150 1999 -----------------------------------------------------------
Actual 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
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Spending:
Discretionary Budget Authority.......... 41,509 23,910 22,755 23,193 23,500 24,076 24,569
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......................... -4,276 -4,769 -4,089 -3,735 -3,735 -3,689 -3,709
Credit Activity:
Direct loan disbursements............... 2,781 1,813 1,419 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........................ 9,513 12,754 12,467 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............................ 14,415 15,595 16,685 17,015 17,615 18,790 20,065
Proposed legislation.................... ........ 80 168 102 46 -10 -27
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N/A = Not available.
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The Administration proposes $22.8 billion for International Affairs
programs in 2001. By fully funding these programs, the United States can
continue to provide critical international leadership to accomplish key
strategic goals, such as enhancing national security, fostering world-
wide economic growth, supporting the establishment and consolidation of
democracy, improving the global environment and addressing other key
global issues such as dealing with AIDS.
In many cases, the performance goals that follow are from agency
performance plans. In addition to the goals identified below, agencies
have established other performance goals for themselves to ensure that
they fulfill their legislative mandates in ways that also contribute to
U.S. national interests.
National Security
U.S. security depends on active diplomacy, steps to resolve
destabilizing regional conflicts, and vigorous efforts to reduce the
continuing threat of weapons of mass destruction. A strong, active
United Nations enhances U.S. diplomatic efforts, and the budget proposes
to fund assessed contributions to this and other international
organizations, as well as annual assessed and voluntary peacekeeping
contributions.
Economic and reconstruction assistance and police training are
critical to our effort to support a new, democratic society in Kosovo
and funding under the FREEDOM Support Act helps foster the transition to
market democracies in the former Soviet Union.
The State Department will implement a broad program of security
enhancements in response to continued threats of terrorist bombings and
related violence directed at U.S. diplomatic and consular facilities
overseas in 2001. Achieving global upgrades and maintaining that
readiness at the Department's overseas posts poses a significant
management challenge. The budget also includes significant investments
in overseas facilities to ensure continued protection of U.S. Government
employees. Long-range capital planning, including a review of how the
U.S. Government staffs and manages overseas facilities, will ensure that
these investments meet cost, schedule, and performance goals of the
program.
Relevant agencies will meet the following goals in 2001:
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The State Department will avert or defuse regional conflicts
where critical national interests are at stake through
bilateral U.S. assistance and UN peacekeeping activities.
The State and Defense Departments will ensure that the armed
forces of NATO's ``candidate countries'' can operate in a
fully integrated manner with other NATO forces upon their
planned entry into NATO.
The State Department will achieve full compliance with, and
verification of, treaties regarding weapons of mass
destruction and, if necessary, combat suspected development
programs.
Economic Prosperity
International affairs activities increase U.S. economic prosperity in
several ways. First, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), supported by
the State Department and other agencies, works to reduce barriers to
trade in U.S. goods, services, and investments by negotiating new trade
liberalizing agreements and strictly enforcing existing agreements.
Second, the Export-Import Bank and the Trade and Development Agency
(TDA) provide grant and credit financing to correct market distortions
that can put U.S. exports at a competitive disadvantage. The Overseas
Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) provides investment insurance and
financing for development projects in support of U.S. business large and
small.
Third, development assistance from the Multilateral Development Banks
(MDBs) and USAID, along with debt reduction, help increase economic
growth, openness, and market orientation in developing and transitioning
countries. This creates new markets for U.S. goods and services and
reducing the economic cause of instability in these regions.
Relevant agencies will meet the following performance goals in 2001:
USTR will work with parties to the World Treaty Organization
(WTO) to launch an inclusive new negotiating round that covers
trade in agriculture and services, achieves further effective
market access liberalization, and strengthens and extends WTO
rules; negotiate cuts in specific identified barriers to U.S.
and global trade; and effectively enforce international trade
agreements.
The Export-Import Bank will develop new mechanisms to expand
the availability of financing for U.S. exports by pioneering
joint ventures with the private sector, as well as innovative
financing programs that will increase the Bank's support for
small and medium-sized exporters.
OPIC will increase, from 1999 levels, the amount of private
U.S. investment that supports American, foreign policy and
development goals and benefits the U.S. economy.
TDA will increase, from 2000 levels, the ratio of TDA-
supported exports to TDA expenditures and the percentage of
TDA projects that ultimately yield U.S. exports.
U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), through
bilateral assistance, and the Treasury Department, through its
contributions to the MDBs, will provide assistance that helps
to increase the real annual per capita GDP growth rate from
1999 levels in developing countries.
American Citizens and U.S. Borders
The State Department, through the U.S. passport office and the
network of embassies and consulates overseas, helps and protects
Americans who travel and reside abroad-most directly through various
consular services, including citizenship documentation and help in
emergencies. The Department also helps to control how immigrants and
foreign visitors enter and remain in the United States by effectively
and fairly administering U.S. immigration laws overseas and screening
applicants, in order to deter illegal immigration and prevent
terrorists, narcotics traffickers and other criminals from entering the
United States.
The State Department will meet the following performance goal in
2001:
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Improve U.S. passport security by issuing all passports
produced in the United States with a digitized passport photo.
Law Enforcement
The expansion and rising sophistication of transnational crime,
international drug trafficking and terrorism represent direct threats to
our national security. The State Department has broad responsibility for
Federal law enforcement policy and program coordination in the foreign
arena. The budget funds the State Department's diplomatic efforts to
convince other countries to work cooperatively to address international
criminal threats; it also funds add distance and training that helps
other countries combat corruption, terrorism, and illegal narcotics, and
provides the developing countries with economic alternatives to
narcotics cultivation and export.
The State Department, working with the Departments of Justice, the
Treasury, and Defense, will meet the following performance goals in
2001:
Increase, from 1999 levels, the number of foreign governments
that enact and enforce legislation to combat corruption, money
laundering, and other transnational criminal activities.
Reduce from 1999 levels, the hectares of coca and opium
poppies being cultivated in producing countries.
Increase, from 1999, levels, criminal justice section
training, providing equipment, and technical assistance to
local and federal law enforcement organizations.
Democracy
Advancing U.S. interest in the post-Cold War world often requires
efforts to support democratic transitions, address human rights
violations, and promote U.S. democratic values. The budget funds the
State Department efforts that are intended to discourage other nations'
interference with basic democratic activities, that helps countries
develop the institutions and legal structures for the transition to
democracy. Finally, the budget funds exchange and training programs of
the State Department, as well as international broadcasting programs
that seek to the world and ensure that Americans understand and value
the peoples and cultures of other nations.
Relevant agencies will meet the following performance goals for 2001:
USAID, State Department public diplomacy programs, and
international broadcasting programs will provide assistance
that lead to the improvement of Freedom House ratings of
countries in which the United States is assisting the
transition to democracy.
As a result of State Department diplomacy and direct
assistance, the instances of human rights abuses as reported
by the State Department in the annual U.S. Report on Human
Rights will be reduced from 1999 levels.
Public diplomacy activities will increase, from 1999 levels,
the support for democracy, democratic institutions, and human
rights in selected countries that participate in the programs,
as measured through polling.
Humanitarian Response
U.S. values demand that we help alleviate human suffering from
foreign crisis whether man-made or natural, even in cases with no direct
threat to U.S. security interests. The budget provides the necessary
funds to address and, where possible, try to prevent, humanitarian
crises through USAID's Foreign Disaster Assistance and Transition
Initiatives programs, the State Department's Migration and Refugee
Assistance program, and food aid provided under Public Law 480
authorities. The budget also funds U.S. bilateral demining efforts to
address the growing humanitarian crisis caused by land mines in areas of
former conflict.
Relevant agencies will meet the following performance goals for 2001:
USAID, in conjunction with other public and private donors,
will provide humanitarian assistance that will maintain the
nutritional status of children aged five or under living in
regions affected by humanitarian emergencies.
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The State Department will reduce refugee populations, from
1999 levels, through U.S.-sponsored integration, repatriation,
and resettlement activities.
The State Department will increase, from 1999 levels, the
amount of land returned to productive economic activity by
clearing mines and other unexploded ordnance. Over time, this
will also result in a reduction of innocent casualties.
Global Issues
The global problems of environmental degradation, population growth,
and the spread of communicable diseases directly affect future U.S.
security and prosperity. Increased funding for international family
planning efforts, prevention of the global spread of HIV/AIDS, and
protection of the world's dwindling tropical forests, represent new or
expanded initiatives to address the causes of these problems. In
addition, continued funding of bilateral efforts to address global
climate change in developing countries, as well as funding of current
commitments and arrears to the Global Environment Facility, remain
critical to the effort to reduce global environmental degradation.
Finally, the volunteer programs of the Peace Corps serve U.S.
national interests by promoting mutual understanding between Americans
and the people of developing nations and providing technical assistance
to interested countries.
Relevant agencies will meet the following performance goals in 2001:
USAID, working with the Departments of Health and Human
Services, Defense and Labor, and with other donors and
national governments, will provide assistance that will
reduce, from 1999 levels, HIV transmission and impact of the
HIV/AIDS pandemic in the developing countries in which the
Administration's global HIV/AIDS initiative is implemented, as
measured by the incidence of HIV among 15 to 24 year-olds.
USAID will provide assistance, in conjunction with other
donors, that will reduce unintended and mistimed pregnancies,
as measured by a reduction in the Total Fertility Rate from
1999 levels in countries in which USAID provides family
planning assistance.
USAID, working with the Department of the Treasury and other
agencies and donors, will provide assistance that improves
conservation of biologically significant habitat as measured
by an increase in nationally protected areas over 1999 levels.
USAID, working with the Department of State and other
agencies and donors, will provide assistance that will reduce
the threat of global climate change, as measured by reduced
carbon dioxide industrial emissions compared to 1999 levels.
The Peace Corps will provide opportunities for 4,200
Americans in 2001 to enter service as new volunteers,
assisting countries with their development needs and
increasing cultural awareness.