[Budget of the United States Government]
[IV. Preparing For the 21st Century]
[4. Protecting the Environment]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]


[[Page 83]]

 
                     4.  PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------




  From our inner cities to our pristine wild lands, we have worked hard to ensure that every American has a
clean and healthy environment. We've rid hundreds of neighborhoods of toxic waste dumps, [and] taken the most
dramatic steps in a generation to clean the air we breathe . . . We have made record investments in science and
technology to protect future generations from the threat of global warming. We've worked to protect and restore
our most glorious natural resources, from the Florida Everglades to California's redwoods . . . to Yellowstone.
And we have, I hope, finally put to rest the false choice between the economy and the environment.

                                      President Clinton
                                      January 2000


  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  From the start, President Clinton and Vice President Gore have firmly 
believed that we must expand the economy and we must protect and 
preserve the environment. The record of the past seven years is a clear 
example that we can do both with success. Today, as Americans enjoy the 
cleanest environment in a generation, the Administration continues to 
pursue its vigorous agenda to protect America's land, air, and water 
while our economy continues to set new records.
  In the past seven years, the Administration has permanently enhanced 
the conservation of tens of millions of acres of ecologically, 
culturally, or historically significant lands; tripled the pace of 
cleaning up Superfund hazardous waste sites; enacted rules to reduce 
emissions from autos and small trucks by 75 to 95 percent; and, made 
America's drinking water significantly safer.
  The Administration has protected millions of acres of fragile lands 
by: creating the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in Utah, 
which provides enhanced protection for 1.7 million acres of spectacular 
red rock canyonlands and artifacts from three cultures; protecting 
Yellowstone National Park by halting the massive New World Mine in 
Montana, which posed a severe environmental threat to Yellowstone's 
unique landscape and wildlife resources; reaching an historic agreement, 
in partnership with the State of California, to purchase the Headwaters 
ancient redwood forest in northern California; and, placing 57,000 acres 
of the last free-flowing stretch of the Columbia River into the national 
wildlife refuge system. It is also negotiating the purchase of the 
majestic 95,000 acre Baca Ranch in New Mexico in order to preserve its 
unique ecosystem. In addition, the President has designated three new 
monuments and expanded a fourth, protecting unique and fragile Federal 
lands from the rocky coast of California to the north rim of the Grand 
Canyon, creating the Grand Canyon Parashant National Monument and Agua 
Fria National Monument in Arizona, and the California Coastal Monument.
  In its efforts to make day-to-day life safer for children and 
families, the Administration has recently set tough new clean air 
standards for cars, trucks, and gasoline that will improve the lives of 
millions of Americans who suffer from respiratory illnesses. The 
President has signed legislation to strengthen food and water safety, so 
American families will know their children have safe food to eat and 
have healthy and clean tap water to drink. The Administration has also 
greatly accelerated the pace of cleaning up Superfund hazardous waste 
sites, completing more than three times as many in the past seven years 
as were completed in the previous twelve. The United States has 
negotiated an international treaty, the Kyoto Protocol, to reduce 
greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming, in an 
environmentally strong and economically sound way.

[[Page 84]]

  In the future, our Nation will continue to face a host of 
environmental challenges--to provide cleaner air, safer water, and an 
environment free of toxic chemical threats, while preserving our grand 
natural wonders, and the small, simple green and open spaces closer to 
home. This budget is designed to build on the Administration's past 
successes and meet the challenges of the future by developing creative 
solutions and forming partnerships with affected stakeholders to meet 
our Nation's environmental challenges in innovative ways.
  The 2001 Budget will target resources to new or expanded environmental 
initiatives: Lands Legacy, which includes a dedicated stream of funding 
to protect America's natural and historic treasures; Clean Energy, an 
effort to help reduce the threat of global warming; Greening the Globe, 
to save tropical and other forests around the world; and, an action plan 
to combat pollution in the Great Lakes. In addition, the budget provides 
additional resources to support: Farm Conservation to protect farmland 
and upgrade water quality; the Clean Water Action Plan to strengthen 
efforts cleaning up polluted waterways; and, Climate Change Technology 
efforts to continue research and development (R&D) on technologies to 
combat global warming.

Approaches for Environmental Success

  Preserving Our National Treasures: We have the valuable opportunity 
today to make choices that will determine what is preserved for future 
generations. Just as we now are grateful for the far-sighted efforts of 
the last century to protect Yellowstone and Yosemite, so will Americans 
in the next century appreciate the measures taken by this Administration 
to conserve our natural treasures, including the fragile landscapes of 
the California Desert, the red-rock canyons of Utah, and the ancient 
redwood trees of the Headwaters Forest, as well as the Administration's 
ongoing efforts to acquire the majestic Baca Ranch in New Mexico. The 
Administration is also working to preserve important places that are 
central to America's history, including well-known sites such as 
Gettysburg and Independence Hall. It also seeks to commemorate more 
recent contributions to this Nation's history, including the birth home 
of Martin Luther King, Jr., in Atlanta. The budget proposes to help 
protect these natural and historic treasures--large and small--through a 
set of programs that provide resources, including land acquisition under 
the Lands Legacy initiative.
  Protecting Roadless Areas and Improving the Forest Road System: There 
are more than 50 million acres of roadless areas within the Department 
of Agriculture's (USDA's) National Forest System, which are both vital 
havens for wildlife, critical to the survival of endangered and other 
species; and the source of clean, fresh water for numerous communities. 
Last year, the President directed the Forest Service to develop, and 
propose for public comment, regulations to provide long-term protection 
for these roadless areas in the National Forest System. The Forest 
Service expects to adopt a final roadless rule following full public 
debate and comment in late 2000.
  For national forest roaded areas, the Forest Service is preparing 
regulations designed to make the existing road system safe for forest 
visitors, responsive to public needs, environmentally sound, and 
efficient to manage.

  Restoring Ocean Resources: The National Oceans Conference, held in 
June 1998, drew together for the first time a full array of ocean 
interests, from government to industry, science to conservation. The 
Conference resulted in many new initiatives, including new steps to 
restore coastal reefs, rebuild marine fisheries, preserve freedom of the 
seas, provide public access to military data and technology, enhance the 
competitiveness of America's ports, and protect our national marine 
sanctuaries from oil drilling. A follow-up report to the President and 
Vice President on the National Oceans Conference was issued in September 
1999, which highlighted the importance of preserving the oceans' complex 
and delicate balances. The budget provides $50 million in response to 
goals and commitments established at the Conference.
  Conserving the Everglades: The Administration has provided an 
unprecedented level of funding to restore the Everglades--the most 
extensive ecosystem restoration effort ever undertaken in the United 
States. Since 1993, the Administration has directed $1.5 billion to land 
acquisition, water projects, and scientific

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research for Everglades restoration. Of this total, about $500 million--
including $200 million from the 1996 Farm Bill--has funded the purchase 
of land in south Florida to help preserve the Everglades in perpetuity. 
A significant portion of these funds resulted from the Vice President's 
1996 Everglades restoration plan, which proposed $100 million annually 
over four years for the land acquisition effort.
  In 1999, the Vice President presented the Administration's long-term 
comprehensive plan for Everglades restoration, known as the Central and 
Southern Florida Comprehensive Review Study, known as the Restudy. This 
effort relies upon Federal-State-Tribal partnerships, an innovative 
interagency task force, and the work of private, corporate, and 
governmental stakeholders who have joined together to restore the 
Everglades. The Restudy proposes a comprehensive response that would 
store water for critical uses; manage water to improve the timing and 
quantity of flows to the Everglades; improve wildlife habitat; and, 
create wetlands to filter runoff. The Federal Government and Florida 
will each pay half of the cost of implementing the plan, estimated at 
$7.8 billion over the next 20 years once it is authorized. The 
Administration will submit authorizing legislation to implement the 
Restudy this year.
  The budget continues the Administration's support for Everglades 
restoration, even in advance of new legislation. For this effort, the 
budget proposes about $334 million for the Army Corps of Engineers, 
Department of the Interior, and other agencies--$50 million more than 
Congress approved for 2000--including $135 million for Corps of 
Engineers water project infrastructure and $80 million for land 
acquisition.

  Improving Park Management: The Administration is committed to 
improving national park management so that available funds are most 
effectively targeted at top priority needs. Last year, the 
Administration initiated reforms in park construction management and 
capital asset planning. This year, the Administration proposes a new 
senior-level manager to enhance National Park Service (NPS) partnership 
efforts and manage increasingly complex cooperative agreements, leases, 
and concessions contracts. NPS has an unmatched potential to tap into 
the broad public support for our parks, as demonstrated by recent 
partnerships to restore Crissy Field in San Francisco and footpaths in 
Acadia National Park, Maine. This new effort will help other parks in 
negotiating similar agreements with partners and friends groups. It will 
also coordinate efforts within NPS to improve operational efficiency, 
business planning, and returns from leases and concessions contracts. As 
the Smithsonian Institution, military services, and others have learned, 
an organization without a business background often needs the input of 
specialized expertise to best handle business activities. This becomes 
increasingly important in a continuing era of constrained 
appropriations.
  Targeting the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP): This USDA program 
encourages landowners to adopt long-term conservation practices on 
environmentally sensitive and erodible land by providing cost-share 
assistance and annual rental payments. The Administration's farm safety 
net proposal expands the CRP from 36.4 million to 40.0 million 
cumulative acres. In 1999, CRP enrolled 4.7 million of the most 
environmentally beneficial acres bid, bringing cumulative enrollment to 
30.2 million acres. A related program, the Conservation Reserve 
Enhancement Program (CREP), addresses conservation issues of State and 
national significance through cost-sharing and targeting of Federal CRP 
and State funds, with a plan to help meet the State's specific 
conservation goals. By 2000, eight States (Oregon, Washington, Maryland, 
Illinois, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, and Delaware) had signed 
CREP cost-sharing agreements totaling about 611,000 acres and $1.1 
billion over several years. USDA estimates that 20 States will have CREP 
agreements by the end of 2001.
  Empowering Citizens with Knowledge: Requiring industries to share 
information about chemicals released into the air and water helps 
empower citizens to fight back, creating a powerful incentive for 
industry to pollute less. In the decade since the public's right to know 
about chemical releases became law of the land, industry's toxic 
pollution has fallen nearly 50 percent. The Administration has expanded 
the public's right to know by

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doubling the number of chemicals subject to reporting requirements and 
by increasing by 30 percent the number of facilities that must report.
  The Administration has also established the Chemical Right to Know 
Initiative, which includes a highly successful, innovative, voluntary 
partnership with industry to develop and provide the public with basic 
health data on chemicals released into the environment in high volume. 
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also greatly expanded the 
amount of environmental data available to the public through an 
initiative to provide the Nation's 86 largest metropolitan areas with 
real-time environmental information.

  Providing Safe Drinking Water: Today, America's drinking water is 
significantly safer than six years ago. Administration efforts to 
strengthen drinking water safety, including amending the Safe Drinking 
Water Act in partnership with Congress, mean that 89 percent of 
Americans now get tap water from drinking water systems that meet these 
tough Federal standards, an increase of six percentage points since the 
standards went into effect in 1994. The Administration has also issued 
regulations requiring water systems to improve filtration and monitoring 
to protect against contamination by harmful microbes, and issue annual 
reports to their customers on the safety of their drinking water.
  Reducing Air Pollution: During the last seven years, the 
Administration has taken major steps to improve the quality of the air 
we breathe and has helped cut the number of metropolitan areas not in 
compliance with Federal ozone standards from 98 metropolitan areas in 
1993 down to 38 such areas today.
  Late last year, EPA established new rules for the sulfur content of 
gasoline and emissions from new car and light duty trucks that will 
result in vehicles that are 77 to 95 percent cleaner than those of 
today. These measures, to be phased in from 2004 to 2009, may prevent 
thousands of premature deaths, tens of thousands of cases of respiratory 
illness, and hundreds of thousands of lost work days. In past years, EPA 
has also issued rules to reduce toxic air pollution from chemical plants 
by 90 percent and put in place a program to clear the haze and restore 
pristine skies to our national parks.

  Cleaning Up Toxic Waste Sites: EPA's Superfund program to clean up 
abandoned hazardous waste sites has become faster, fairer, and less 
expensive. At the end of 1999, a total of 670 Superfund sites had been 
cleaned up--515 of these cleanups have been completed since 1993, while 
only 155 of the sites were cleaned up during the previous 12 years.
  The Administration proposes to clean up an additional 230 Superfund 
sites within the next three years. This plan would mean that some two-
thirds, or 900, of the Nation's worst toxic waste dumps would be cleaned 
up by the end of 2002 (see Chart 4-1). EPA's Superfund administrative 
reforms are responsible for saving more than $1 billion in future costs 
by updating cleanup remedy decisions (to determine whether the same 
level of protection could be provided at lower cost) at more than 290 
sites, while streamlining the liability allocation process to reach 
settlement with more than 18,000 small parties at Superfund sites. The 
budget proposes $1.45 billion to enable the Administration to meet its 
900-site cleanup goal in 2002. 



  Redeveloping Contaminated Land: The Brownfields National Partnership 
is bringing together the resources of more than 20 Federal agencies to 
clean up and redevelop former industrial sites in economically 
disadvantaged areas. Communities have reported that the initial two-year 
investment of $385 million has already created over 5,000 jobs and 
leveraged $1.8 billion in private investment, as well as helped to 
preserve existing uses of undeveloped land. The brownfields tax 
incentive, enacted as part of the 1997 Taxpayer Relief Act and extended 
by the 1999 Tax Relief Extension Act, will leverage another $4 billion 
in private investment by allowing businesses to deduct certain cleanup 
costs on environmentally contaminated lands. The Administration proposes 
to make permanent this tax incentive, which otherwise expires at the end 
of 2001.


[[Page 87]]


  Making the Endangered Species Act (ESA) Work: Administration reforms 
have increased the flexibility of the ESA, furthering its ability of the 
ESA to provide earlier protection for at-risk species so, with these 
earlier efforts, the species will not have to be listed as endangered at 
a later point. These reforms include voluntary conservation agreements 
(Candidate Conservation Agreements-CCAs) between the Fish and Wildlife 
Service and private or public parties to implement conservation measures 
and monitoring activities to prevent the need to add species to the 
Endangered Species list. In 1999, the Federal Government entered into 10 
CCAs with private landowners or State and local governments that, 
together with other efforts, allowed seven species to be approved for 
removal from the Candidate list. In addition, early intervention 
processes implemented by the National Marine Fisheries Service to 
identify species before they become endangered and immediately implement 
protection strategies will effectively eliminate the need to list five 
threatened species.
  The Administration also has supported the use of Habitat Conservation 
Plans (HCPs) to address potential conflicts between development and 
protection of listed species. HCPs give the private sector and State, 
local, and Tribal governments the flexibility to propose solutions that 
permit the protection of endangered species and conservation of habitat, 
while allowing for development. HCPs will cover an estimated 325 species 
by the end of 2000.

  Improving Public Lands Management: Interior's Bureau of Land 
Management (BLM) has been reforming and improving grazing management to 
protect riparian and upland habitat by implementing regional and local 
standards and guidelines to establish the condition, health, and uses of 
lands it administers for grazing. The new standards and guidelines have 
been developed in concert with innovative consensus-building public 
Resource Advisory Councils. BLM will now begin a process of reviewing, 
renewing, updating, and improving its overall land use and resource 
management plans, many of which are over 20 years old.

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Just as with the standards and guidelines development, this process will 
seek input from the public, including recreationists, ranchers, miners, 
timber companies, environmentalists, hikers, campers, anglers, State and 
community leaders, and experts in land management.

Environmental and Natural Resource Investments

  The budget proposes to boost funding for high-priority environmental 
and natural resource programs by 11 percent, compared to 2000 levels 
(see Table 4-1). 

        Table 4-1.  An 11-Percent Increase For High-Priority Environmental and Natural Resource Programs
                                   (Budget authority, in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                             Change:    Change:
                                                   1993       1999       2000       2001     1993 to    2000 to
                                                  Actual     Actual    Estimate   Proposed     2001       2001
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lands Legacy Initiative (DOI, USDA, NOAA).....        380        473        727      1,400     +1,020       +673
Farm Conservation Initiative (USDA)                 1,584      1,797      1,851      3,099     +1,515     +1,248
 (mandatory) \1\..............................
Clean Energy Initiative (DOE, USDA, AID, DOC,         251        286        294        490        239        196
 TDA, EX-IM)..................................
Greening the Globe Initiative (AID, Treasury,          82         65         80        150        +68        +70
 USDA, DOI)...................................
Great Lakes Initiative (EPA)..................         18         18         17         67        +49        +50
Climate Change Technology Initiative (DOE,      .........      1,021      1,099      1,432     +1,432       +333
 EPA, USDA, HUD)..............................
Clean Water Action Plan (EPA, USDA, DOI, NOAA,  .........      1,871      1,998      2,426     +2,426       +428
 Corps).......................................
Salmon Habitat Restoration (NOAA, Corps)......  .........         95        151        251       +251       +100
Endangered Species Act (DOI, NOAA)............         75        129        152        170        +95        +18

Department of Transportation (DOT):
  Mass Transit................................      3,774      5,389      5,785      6,321     +2,547       +536
  Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ)        601      1,408      1,509      1,557       +956        +48
  Environmental Enhancements; Preservation            114        646        720        771       +657        +51
   Pilots.....................................
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, DOT (Select programs)...........      4,489      7,443      8,014      8,649     +4,160       +635

Department of the Interior (DOI):
  National Park Service Operating Program.....        984      1,286      1,364      1,454       +470        +90
  Bureau of Land Management Operating Program.        638        716        743        819       +181        +96
  Fish and Wildlife Service Operating Program.        531        660        703        762       +231        +59
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, DOI (Select programs)...........      2,153      2,662      2,810      3,035       +882       +225

Department of Agriculture (USDA):
  Forest Service Operating Program............      1,319      1,595      1,668      1,790       +471       +122
  Natural Resources Conservation Service              577        641        661        747       +170        +86
   Operating Program..........................
  Water/Wastewater Grants and Loans...........        508        645        631        648       +140        +17
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, USDA (Select programs)..........      2,404      2,881      2,960      3,185       +781       +225

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):
  Operating Program...........................      2,767      3,496      3,532      3,917     +1,150       +385
  Clean Air Partnership Fund..................  .........  .........  .........         85        +85        +85
  Superfund Orphan Share (mandatory)..........  .........  .........  .........        150       +150       +150
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, All EPA.........................      6,923      7,589      7,563      7,407       +484       -156

Department of Energy (DOE):
  Energy Conservation and Efficiency (gross)..        592        692        745        851       +259       +106
  Solar and Renewable Energy R&D (net)........        249        336        315        410       +161        +95
  Federal Facilities Cleanup (Environmental         6,396      5,843      5,878      6,318        -78       +440
   Management Program)........................
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, DOE (Select programs)...........      7,237      6,871      6,938      7,579       +342       +641

Department of Defense (DOD):
  Cleanup.....................................      1,604      1,962      1,634      2,178       +574       +544
  Environmental Compliance/Pollution                2,227      2,434      2,337      2,139        -88       -198
   Prevention/Conservation....................
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, DOD (Select programs)...........      3,831      4,396      3,971      4,317       +486       +346

National Oceanic and Atmospheric
 Administration (NOAA):
  Fisheries and Protected Species.............        232        350        396        431       +199        +35
  Ocean and Coastal Management................        121        178        188        314       +193       +126
  Ocean and Atmospheric Research..............        202        287        301        303       +101         +2
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, NOAA (Select programs)..........        555        815        885      1,048       +493       +163

Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles    .........        235        226        255       +255        +29
 (DOE, DOC, NSF, EPA, DOT)....................
U.S. Global Change Research (NASA, DOE, NSF,        1,323      1,657      1,701      1,740       +417        +39
 DOC, USDA, others)...........................
GLOBE--Global Environmental Education (NOAA,    .........         10         11         13        +13         +2
 NASA, EPA, NSF)..............................
Montreal Protocol (State/EPA).................         25         45         40         49        +24         +9
Global Environment Facility (Treasury)........  .........        168         36        176       +176       +140
Multilateral and Bilateral Assistance                 329        278        279        301        -28        +22
 (International Programs/AID).................
                                               =================================================================
Total \2\.....................................     31,226     37,685     38,404     42,527    +11,301     +4,123
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Increase over 2001 authorized level is $1.3 billion; includes funding for the Conservation Reserve Program
  (CRP).

\2\ Total includes mandatory spending and is adjusted to eliminate double counts.

  Preserving Our Natural Heritage: As we enter a new century, our Nation 
continues to face new challenges to preserve the natural heritage, 
historic sites, and green spaces that Americans have come to treasure. 
The budget again proposes a Lands Legacy initiative, to protect natural 
treasures and historic places and provide the tools for States, 
localities, and Tribes to plan for smart growth (see Table 4-2). The 
initiative also provides funding for States and other entities to 
conserve important lands for recreation, open space, and wildlife 
habitat, plus preserve forests, farmland, and coastal areas.
  The budget includes $1.4 billion in discretionary funding for Lands 
Legacy ($673 million over 2000), and proposes a new budget category to 
provide dedicated and protected funding for the programs included in the 
initiative. Funds not appropriated to programs within the proposed cap 
of $1.4 billion will be unavailable to offset spending under other 
discretionary funding caps.
  Lands Legacy comprises three components:
  The first component provides $450 million for Federal land 
          acquisition of precious natural and historic sites, including 
          national parks, national forests, refuges, and environmentally 
          sensitive lands throughout the Nation.
  The second component provides $521 million targeted to State, 
          local, and Tribal governments throughout the Nation for 
          planning and for open space acquisition; habitat and wildlife 
          conservation; and preservation of forest lands, urban and 
          suburban parks and greenways, riparian areas, and wetlands. A 
          new non-game wildlife conservation grant program will be 
          developed to help States promote and protect indigenous non-
          game wildlife through land acquisition, habitat conservation, 
          and non-game recreation projects. A new open space planning 
          program to support State, regional, and local planning for 
          smart growth (which integrates open space conservation 
          planning with other economic, transportation, and development 
          planning) will be coordinated with similar activities being 
          proposed under the Livable Communities Initiative. Also, while 
          a continuing part of Lands Legacy, USDA's Farmland Protection 
          Program will be proposed at $65 million in mandatory funding 
          within the Farm Conservation initiative. (For more 
          information, see the Farm Safety Net discussion.)
  Land Legacy's third component directs $429 million 
          specifically to coastal and Great Lakes areas to protect their 
          unique and fragile resources, which are faced with threats due 
          to population growth, economic development, and pollution and 
          other potential damage from both inland and outer continental 
          shelf (OCS) oil and gas development. In addition to 
          significant increases for existing Coastal Zone Management Act 
          programs, the budget proposes new funding for grants directed 
          to States having OCS oil and gas development off their shores. 
          These special grants would be available for environmental 
          monitoring, mitigation, and enhancement of coastal areas 
          affected by existing OCS activity. Lands Legacy also includes 
          funds to restore the Pacific northwest salmon, enhance the 
          National Marine Sanctuaries and Estuarine Reserves systems, 
          and expand coral restoration efforts. 
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                              Table 4-2.  A Doubling of the Lands Legacy Initiative
                            (Discretionary budget authority, in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                             Change:    Change:
                                                   1993       1999       2000       2001     1993 to    2000 to
                                                  Actual     Actual    Estimate   Proposed     2001       2001
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Federal Land Acquisition:
  Federal Land Acquisition (DOI)..............        193        211        264        320       +127        +56
  Federal Land Acquisition (FS/USDA)..........         62         78         95        130        +68        +35
  Baca Ranch (NM) One-time Acquisition (FS/     .........         40         61  .........         NA         NA
   USDA)......................................
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, Federal Land Acquisition.........        255        329        420        450       +195        +30

DOI/USDA State Conservation Programs:
  LWCF State Conservation Grants (NPS/DOI)....         28  .........         40        150       +122       +110
  State Non-Game Wildlife Grants (FWS/DOI)....  .........  .........  .........        100       +100       +100
  Cooperative State Planning (USGS/DOI).......  .........  .........  .........         50        +50        +50
  Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation           7         14         23         65        +58        +42
   Fund (FWS/DOI).............................
  North American Wetland Conservation Fund              9         15         15         30        +21        +15
   (FWS/DOI)..................................
  Urban Parks and Recreation Recovery Grants    .........  .........          2         20        +20        +18
   (NPS/DOI)..................................
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, DOI.............................         44         29         80        415       +371       +335
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
  Forest Legacy Program (FS/USDA).............         10          7         30         60        +50        +30
  Urban and Community Forestry (FS/USDA)......         25         31         31         40        +15         +9
  Smart Growth Partnership (FS/USDA)..........  .........  .........  .........          6         +6         +6
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, USDA............................         35         38         61        106        +71        +45
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, State Conservation Programs......         79         67        141        521       +442       +380

NOAA/DOC Coastal Programs:
  National Marine Sanctuary Program...........          7         14         26         35        +28        +10
  Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) Program..         35         58         59        159       +123        +99
  Coastal Impact Assistance Grants............  .........  .........  .........        100       +100       +100
  Pacific Northwest Salmon Fund...............  .........  .........         58        100       +100        +42
  National Estuarine Research Reserves System.          3          4         12         20        +17         +8
  Coral Restoration...........................  .........  .........          6         15        +15         +9
  Dredging and other NOAA Programs............  .........          2          5  .........  .........         -5
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Total, Coastal Programs...................         46         78        165        429       +383       +263
                                               =================================================================
Total, Lands Legacy Discretionary Funding.....        380        473        727  \1\ 1,400     +1,020       +673
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NA = Not applicable

\1\ In addition, while part of the overall Lands Legacy initiative, USDA's Farmland Protection Program will be
  funded in 2001 at $65 million in mandatory funding within the Farm Conservation initiative. The 2000 request
  was $50 million in discretionary funding; none was appropriated.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

  Promoting Clean Energy at Home and Abroad: Both at home and abroad, 
there are urgent environmental needs and significant economic 
opportunities in accelerating the shift to clean and efficient energy 
technologies and practices. To this end, the budget proposes a new Clean 
Energy for the 21st Century initiative. The initiative provides a $103 
million increase over 2000 for new and expanded demonstration and export 
promotion measures to accelerate the development and deployment of clean 
energy technologies in developing coun

[[Page 89]]

tries. Energy use by developing countries is expected to double between 
1990 and 2020, and quadruple by 2050, accounting for three-fourths or 
more of the increase in global energy use. Clean energy technologies can 
provide energy services in these countries efficiently and cost-
effectively, with reduced emission of pollutants or greenhouse gases. 
U.S.

[[Page 90]]

firms could capture a significant portion of the $10 trillion worldwide 
market for energy supply technologies over the next 20 years. The budget 
also provides $289 million ($93 million over 2000) in discretionary 
spending in 2001 and $976 million in tax incentives over five years to 
support Executive Order 13134 and to help meet the President's goal of 
tripling U.S. use of biobased products and bioenergy by reducing the 
cost of converting crops, trees, and biological wastes into fuels, 
electric power, chemicals, and consumer goods.
  Addressing Global Climate Change Through Technology: The budget 
proposes $1.6 billion for the third year of the Climate Change 
Technology Initiative (CCTI), which is designed to promote energy 
efficiency, develop low-carbon energy sources, and reduce greenhouse gas 
emissions. Led by the Department of Energy (DOE) and EPA, the effort 
also includes USDA, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Of the amount 
proposed, $1.4 billion is for R&D spending on energy efficiency and 
renewable energy technologies, and $0.2 billion is for tax credits to 
stimulate use of energy efficient technologies in buildings, industrial 
processes, vehicles, and power generation.
  Conserving Forests Around the Globe: The Greening the Globe initiative 
seeks to increase the conservation of tropical and other significant 
forests around the world. The budget includes an increase of $70 million 
for this

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initiative. The Agency for International Development will work with host 
countries and partners to expand the conservation of and improve the 
management of biologically significant areas. Environmental damage in 
developing countries is often driven by poverty and food insecurity. In 
an effort to address these causes of deforestation, the Treasury 
Department will work with developing countries to develop debt-for-
nature swaps that will provide local currency resources to conserve 
globally-significant tropical forests. The Forest Service and the Fish 
and Wildlife Service will use their expertise to help developing 
countries conserve their forests through technical assistance and 
disaster coordination.
  Restoring the Great Lakes: The Great Lakes are the largest system of 
fresh surface water on earth, and one of the Nation's most valuable 
natural resources. Although significant progress has been made, the 
Great Lakes still have serious pollution problems, particularly from 
toxic pollutants that have contaminated sediments. As a result of these 
toxic pollutants, advisories have been issued to not consume fish caught 
in many areas in the Great Lakes. The budget includes a $50 million 
increase for new competitive grants to help restore polluted ``areas of 
concern'' in the Great Lakes, as defined in the bi-national Great Lakes 
Water Quality Agreement. These funds will be used to implement specific 
actions identified in restoration plans for each area of concern, 
including remediating contaminated sediments, controlling storm water 
pollution, and restoring wetlands.
  Strengthening the Farm Safety Net Through Conservation: The 
Administration recognizes the importance of providing assistance to 
farmers and ranchers who practice environmentally sound land management, 
particularly when they are faced with financial hardship. The 
Administration's Farm Safety Net proposal includes the Farm Conservation 
Initiative, helping farmers and ranchers continue to protect the 
environment from agricultural pollution while providing them with 
economic help. The initiative will allow the USDA's Wetlands Reserve and 
Conservation Reserve Programs to enroll 250,000 annual acres and 40 
million cumulative acres, respectively; fund the Farmland Protection 
Programs at $65 million annually; provide $50 million annually for the 
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program; increase authorized annual funding 
for the Environmental Quality Incentives Program by $125 million, to 
$325 million; and, propose $600 million in annual funding for a new 
Conservation Security Program. Through these programs, participants will 
receive cost-share assistance, technical assistance, and in many cases, 
annual payments for high-priority activities including wetlands 
restoration, farmland protection, and comprehensive nutrient management 
(see Table 4-3). 
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                     Table 4-3.  $1.3 Billion Increase for the Farm Conservation Initiative
                              (Mandatory budget authority, in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                       Change:
                                                              2000          2001          2001       Authorized
                                                            Estimate     Authorized     Proposed      Level to
                                                                            Level                     Proposed
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conservation Security Program...........................  ............  ............           600          +600
Environmental Quality Incentives Program................           174           200           325          +125
Wetlands Reserve Program................................           165            46           259          +213
Farmland Protection Program.............................  ............  ............            65           +65
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program.....................  ............  ............            50           +50
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Continuous Sign-up               10            13           138          +125
 Bonuses................................................
Conservation Technical Assistance.......................            35  ............           110          +110
                                                         -------------------------------------------------------
  Total, Farm Conservation Initiative \1\...............           384           259         1,547        +1,288
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ This initiative would also increase cumulative CRP enrollment to 40 million acres, allowing an additional
  1.2 million acres to sign up annually in 2001 through 2003. The first payments for these additional acres
  would be made in 2002.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

  

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  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

  Making America More Livable through Better America Bonds: As part of 
the Livable Communities initiative, the Administration is again 
proposing a new financing tool to preserve green space for future 
generations and provide attractive settings for economic development. 
The proposal would provide authority for State, local, and Tribal 
governments to issue $2.15 billion in Better America Bonds in 2001 and 
$10.8 billion over five years. Investors in these 15-year bonds will 
receive Federal tax credits in lieu of interest payments from State and 
local governments over the life of the bonds, thereby significantly 
reducing the cost to States and local governments of preserving green 
spaces. The estimated revenue loss to the Treasury is about $0.7 billion 
over five years. Better America Bonds will be available to help State, 
local, and Tribal governments finance a range of environmental projects 
such as: enhancing green space (urban parks, suburban green spaces, 
farmland, forests, and wetlands); protecting water quality (including 
measures on publicly owned land to control runoff or erosion or to 
protect endangered species); and, cleaning up brownfields (environmental 
assessment and remediation of contaminated property).
  Recovering Pacific Salmon: In June 1999, the United States and Canada 
signed the historic U.S.-Canada Pacific Salmon Agreement, providing for 
international cooperation, new and necessary fishing regimes, further 
science and research, and other projects designed to better understand 
the causes for decline of at-risk salmon species. These efforts are 
aimed at stemming the decline of the at-risk salmon species in the 
Pacific Northwest. The budget proposes a total of $60 million, an 
increase of $35 million, to implement this agreement in 2001.
  In addition, the budget continues the Federal Government's broad 
interdepartmental Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Initiative to assist 
in the conservation and recovery of at-risk Pacific salmon runs in the 
western States of California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. In 2001, 
this initiative will be included as part of Lands Legacy and the new 
discretionary budget cap. The initiative responds to the proposed 
listings of these runs under the ESA by forming lasting partnerships 
with State, local, and Tribal efforts for saving Pacific salmon and 
their important habitats. To finance this initiative, the budget 
proposes $100 million, an increase of $42 million over 2000, for the 
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund to continue to help share the costs 
of State, Tribal, and local conservation initiatives in California, 
Oregon, Washington, and Alaska in recovering severely at-risk salmon.
  These two efforts are in addition to ongoing Columbia and Snake River 
(Washington, Oregon, Idaho) salmon restoration activities, including $91 
million requested for the Army Corps of Engineers in 2001, a $23 million 
increase over 2000.

  Rewarding Early Pollution Reductions: The budget proposes $85 million 
in 2001 for the new Clean Air Partnership Fund to finance projects that 
achieve innovative and early air pollution and greenhouse gas emission 
reductions. This fund will provide the opportunity for State, local, and 
Tribal governments to partner with other parties and the Federal 
Government to demonstrate the most creative ideas for cleaning the air. 
The goal of this program is to help implement environmental protection 
in a common sense, flexible, and cost-effective manner, encouraging the 
development of smart multi-pollutant strategies to reduce greenhouse 
gases, air toxics, soot, and smog to protect our climate and our health.
  Implementing the Clean Water Action Plan (CWAP): To mark the 25th 
anniversary of the Clean Water Act, the President and Vice President 
announced the Clean Water Action Plan (CWAP) in February 1998. The CWAP 
focuses on three remaining challenges for restoring and protecting the 
Nation's waterways: preventing polluted runoff; protecting public 
health; and, ensuring community-based watershed management.
  The budget provides $2.4 billion in discretionary funding for the 
third year of this multi-agency initiative, a 21-percent increase over 
the 2000 level, as well as a $151 million, or 87-percent, increase in 
mandatory funding for USDA's Environmental Quality Incentives Program, 
to help farmers prevent polluted runoff. An increase of $45 million, or 
39 percent, is provided to help States develop water pollution 
allocation plans (known as TMDLs), and an increase of $50

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million, or 25 percent, is provided to reduce polluted runoff through 
EPA State grant programs. The budget also includes increases for the 
Forest Service to better address water quality problems on Federal 
lands; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to help 
States and local communities protect their coasts from the pollution 
that leads to degradation; and, $20 million for the Army Corps of 
Engineers to begin an initiative--Challenge 21--to restore riverine 
ecosystem functions while providing flood hazard mitigation for 
communities.
  To support the joint State-Federal CALFED initiative addressing 
environmental and water management problems associated with the 
California Bay-Delta, the budget proposes $60 million for the Bureau of 
Reclamation's Bay-Delta Program. In addition, the budget includes 
continued funding for a number of ongoing Federal activities that 
support CALFED's long-term goals.

  Enhancing the Stewardship of National Treasures: The Administration 
continues to invest in national parks, wildlife refuges, national 
forests, and other public lands to ensure that future generations are 
afforded the opportunity to enjoy these national treasures. It will 
again work with Congress to target resources to high-priority projects 
that maintain and restore facilities in national parks, forests, 
refuges, and public lands. The budget also supports permanent 
authorization of the recreation fee demonstration program, which 
provides almost $200 million annually in revenue for land management 
agencies to reinvest in visitor facilities and services. To provide for 
stewardship of newly acquired treasures, the Administration is studying 
ways to address transitional start-up cost requirements for newly 
acquired lands, such as stabilizing historic structures, cleaning up 
hazardous wastes, and inventorying newly acquired resources. This could 
help to ensure that the near-term costs for newly acquired lands do not 
divert funds needed for the long-term maintenance of existing 
facilities.
  Funding the EPA Operating Program: The budget proposes $3.9 billion, 
an 11-percent increase over 2000, for EPA's operating program, which 
includes most of EPA's research, regulatory, and enforcement programs, 
and partnership grants with States and Tribes. The operating program, 
which has grown 42 percent during this Administration, represents the 
backbone of the Nation's efforts to protect public health and the 
environment through sound science, standard setting, enforcement, and 
other means, ensuring that our water is pure, our air clean, and our 
food safe.
  Within the operating program, the budget fully funds the third year of 
EPA's part of the CCTI ($227 million) and the CWAP ($762 million). The 
budget also provides $30 million for a major multi-year environmental 
initiative to better integrate and enable substantially greater use of 
EPA and State environmental data systems.

  Financing Water Quality Infrastructure: The budget proposes $825 
million ($5 million over 2000) in EPA capitalization grants for Drinking 
Water State Revolving Funds (SRFs), which make low-interest loans to 
help municipalities meet the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act 
Amendments. These funds will help ensure that Americans have a safe, 
clean drinking water supply--our first line of defense in protecting 
public health. Every State has now successfully established a Drinking 
Water SRF and begun disbursing loans to its communities.
  The budget also proposes $800 million in capitalization grants to 
Clean Water SRFs to help municipalities comply with the Clean Water Act, 
thus helping to reduce beach closures and to keep our waterways safe and 
clean. Those levels for the two SRFs will keep the programs on track 
toward achieving the Administration's goal of providing sufficient 
capital for the two SRFs to offer $2.5 billion a year in financial 
assistance to municipalities over the long run. The Clean Water SRFs are 
on schedule for reaching that goal in 2005.

  Accelerating Endangered Species Act Efforts: The budget proposes a 12-
percent increase, an additional $18 million, for a total of $170 
million, in Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service and Commerce's National 
Marine Fisheries Service, for the endangered species program. These 
funds will support the Administration's efforts to encourage private 
landowners to protect species, and recover salmon in the Pacific 
Northwest. The Endangered Spe

[[Page 94]]

cies program increases are designed to encourage cooperative 
partnerships between the Federal Government and States, localities, 
Tribes, and private parties to recover listed species and prevent the 
need to list more.
  Supporting the Global Environment Facility (GEF): U.S. participation 
in the GEF is a cornerstone of our foreign policy on the environment. 
The GEF has become the world's leading institution in aiding developing 
countries in protecting the global environment by working to prevent 
global climate change, massive extinction of valuable species, and the 
collapse of the oceans' fish population. The $176 million proposal for 
2001 includes $107.5 million for the 2001 contribution to the GEF's 
second four-year replenishment program, from 1999 to 2002, and $68.5 
million for contributions previously due. U.S. funding for this program 
is crucial if the United States hopes to continue influencing GEF's 
policies and lending strategies.
  Expanding Federal Facilities Cleanup and Compliance: The Federal 
Government continues to address the huge challenge of cleaning up 
Federal facilities contaminated with radioactive or hazardous waste. DOE 
faces the most complex and costly problems from over 50 years of 
research, production, and testing of nuclear weapons and reactors, which 
resulted in thousands of areas of known contamination and buildings 
requiring decontamination and decommissioning. At the beginning of 1993, 
of the 113 DOE sites to be cleaned up, only 23 were complete. By the end 
of 2001, an additional 51 DOE sites will have been cleaned up.
  The budget proposes $6.3 billion for DOE's Environmental Management 
program, including $1.2 billion to clean up quickly and return excess 
Federal property to beneficial use in local communities. The budget also 
proposes $515 million to continue to privatize waste remediation at such 
sites as the Hanford, Washington and Idaho facilities, for which DOE 
pays for the delivery of treated waste that meets approved 
specifications. Privatization will help speed cleanups, reduce health 
risks, and cut costs at these sites.
  The Department of Defense (DOD), which operates one of America's most 
diverse environmental programs, is focusing its efforts on reducing 
relative risk at its active and closing installations. DOD is in the 
process of conducting restoration studies or cleanups at 678 military 
installations and over 2,000 formerly-used properties. Moreover, it has 
determined that over 16,000 sites require no further action. DOD also is 
making progress in its compliance and pollution prevention, 
conservation, and environmental technology programs. The budget proposes 
$4.3 billion for all DOD environmental activities, an amount that 
reflects a commitment to consistent and wise stewardship of DOD lands. 
The Administration is committed to making all current and former DOD 
property safe and clean.
