    [Budget of the United States Government]
    [IV. Preparing For the 21st Century]
    [4. Protecting the Environment]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

    [[Page 83]]

                         4.  PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

      From our inner cities to our pristine wild lands, we have worked hard to ensure that every American has a
    clean and healthy environment. We've rid hundreds of neighborhoods of toxic waste dumps, [and] taken the most
    dramatic steps in a generation to clean the air we breathe . . . We have made record investments in science and
    technology to protect future generations from the threat of global warming. We've worked to protect and restore
    our most glorious natural resources, from the Florida Everglades to California's redwoods . . . to Yellowstone.
    And we have, I hope, finally put to rest the false choice between the economy and the environment.

                                          President Clinton
                                          January 2000

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------
      From the start, President Clinton and Vice President Gore have firmly
    believed that we must expand the economy and we must protect and
    preserve the environment. The record of the past seven years is a clear
    example that we can do both with success. Today, as Americans enjoy the
    cleanest environment in a generation, the Administration continues to
    pursue its vigorous agenda to protect America's land, air, and water
    while our economy continues to set new records.
      In the past seven years, the Administration has permanently enhanced
    the conservation of tens of millions of acres of ecologically,
    culturally, or historically significant lands; tripled the pace of
    cleaning up Superfund hazardous waste sites; enacted rules to reduce
    emissions from autos and small trucks by 75 to 95 percent; and, made
    America's drinking water significantly safer.
      The Administration has protected millions of acres of fragile lands
    by: creating the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in Utah,
    which provides enhanced protection for 1.7 million acres of spectacular
    red rock canyonlands and artifacts from three cultures; protecting
    Yellowstone National Park by halting the massive New World Mine in
    Montana, which posed a severe environmental threat to Yellowstone's
    unique landscape and wildlife resources; reaching an historic agreement,
    in partnership with the State of California, to purchase the Headwaters
    ancient redwood forest in northern California; and, placing 57,000 acres
    of the last free-flowing stretch of the Columbia River into the national
    wildlife refuge system. It is also negotiating the purchase of the
    majestic 95,000 acre Baca Ranch in New Mexico in order to preserve its
    unique ecosystem. In addition, the President has designated three new
    monuments and expanded a fourth, protecting unique and fragile Federal
    lands from the rocky coast of California to the north rim of the Grand
    Canyon, creating the Grand Canyon Parashant National Monument and Agua
    Fria National Monument in Arizona, and the California Coastal Monument.
      In its efforts to make day-to-day life safer for children and
    families, the Administration has recently set tough new clean air
    standards for cars, trucks, and gasoline that will improve the lives of
    millions of Americans who suffer from respiratory illnesses. The
    President has signed legislation to strengthen food and water safety, so
    American families will know their children have safe food to eat and
    have healthy and clean tap water to drink. The Administration has also
    greatly accelerated the pace of cleaning up Superfund hazardous waste
    sites, completing more than three times as many in the past seven years
    as were completed in the previous twelve. The United States has
    negotiated an international treaty, the Kyoto Protocol, to reduce
    greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming, in an
    environmentally strong and economically sound way.

    [[Page 84]]

      In the future, our Nation will continue to face a host of
    environmental challenges--to provide cleaner air, safer water, and an
    environment free of toxic chemical threats, while preserving our grand
    natural wonders, and the small, simple green and open spaces closer to
    home. This budget is designed to build on the Administration's past
    successes and meet the challenges of the future by developing creative
    solutions and forming partnerships with affected stakeholders to meet
    our Nation's environmental challenges in innovative ways.
      The 2001 Budget will target resources to new or expanded environmental
    initiatives: Lands Legacy, which includes a dedicated stream of funding
    to protect America's natural and historic treasures; Clean Energy, an
    effort to help reduce the threat of global warming; Greening the Globe,
    to save tropical and other forests around the world; and, an action plan
    to combat pollution in the Great Lakes. In addition, the budget provides
    additional resources to support: Farm Conservation to protect farmland
    and upgrade water quality; the Clean Water Action Plan to strengthen
    efforts cleaning up polluted waterways; and, Climate Change Technology
    efforts to continue research and development (R&D) on technologies to
    combat global warming.

    Approaches for Environmental Success

      Preserving Our National Treasures: We have the valuable opportunity
    today to make choices that will determine what is preserved for future
    generations. Just as we now are grateful for the far-sighted efforts of
    the last century to protect Yellowstone and Yosemite, so will Americans
    in the next century appreciate the measures taken by this Administration
    to conserve our natural treasures, including the fragile landscapes of
    the California Desert, the red-rock canyons of Utah, and the ancient
    redwood trees of the Headwaters Forest, as well as the Administration's
    ongoing efforts to acquire the majestic Baca Ranch in New Mexico. The
    Administration is also working to preserve important places that are
    central to America's history, including well-known sites such as
    Gettysburg and Independence Hall. It also seeks to commemorate more
    recent contributions to this Nation's history, including the birth home
    of Martin Luther King, Jr., in Atlanta. The budget proposes to help
    protect these natural and historic treasures--large and small--through a
    set of programs that provide resources, including land acquisition under
    the Lands Legacy initiative.
      Protecting Roadless Areas and Improving the Forest Road System: There
    are more than 50 million acres of roadless areas within the Department
    of Agriculture's (USDA's) National Forest System, which are both vital
    havens for wildlife, critical to the survival of endangered and other
    species; and the source of clean, fresh water for numerous communities.
    Last year, the President directed the Forest Service to develop, and
    propose for public comment, regulations to provide long-term protection
    for these roadless areas in the National Forest System. The Forest
    Service expects to adopt a final roadless rule following full public
    debate and comment in late 2000.
      For national forest roaded areas, the Forest Service is preparing
    regulations designed to make the existing road system safe for forest
    visitors, responsive to public needs, environmentally sound, and
    efficient to manage.

      Restoring Ocean Resources: The National Oceans Conference, held in
    June 1998, drew together for the first time a full array of ocean
    interests, from government to industry, science to conservation. The
    Conference resulted in many new initiatives, including new steps to
    restore coastal reefs, rebuild marine fisheries, preserve freedom of the
    seas, provide public access to military data and technology, enhance the
    competitiveness of America's ports, and protect our national marine
    sanctuaries from oil drilling. A follow-up report to the President and
    Vice President on the National Oceans Conference was issued in September
    1999, which highlighted the importance of preserving the oceans' complex
    and delicate balances. The budget provides $50 million in response to
    goals and commitments established at the Conference.
      Conserving the Everglades: The Administration has provided an
    unprecedented level of funding to restore the Everglades--the most
    extensive ecosystem restoration effort ever undertaken in the United
    States. Since 1993, the Administration has directed $1.5 billion to land
    acquisition, water projects, and scientific

    [[Page 85]]

    research for Everglades restoration. Of this total, about $500 million--
    including $200 million from the 1996 Farm Bill--has funded the purchase
    of land in south Florida to help preserve the Everglades in perpetuity.
    A significant portion of these funds resulted from the Vice President's
    1996 Everglades restoration plan, which proposed $100 million annually
    over four years for the land acquisition effort.
      In 1999, the Vice President presented the Administration's long-term
    comprehensive plan for Everglades restoration, known as the Central and
    Southern Florida Comprehensive Review Study, known as the Restudy. This
    effort relies upon Federal-State-Tribal partnerships, an innovative
    interagency task force, and the work of private, corporate, and
    governmental stakeholders who have joined together to restore the
    Everglades. The Restudy proposes a comprehensive response that would
    store water for critical uses; manage water to improve the timing and
    quantity of flows to the Everglades; improve wildlife habitat; and,
    create wetlands to filter runoff. The Federal Government and Florida
    will each pay half of the cost of implementing the plan, estimated at
    $7.8 billion over the next 20 years once it is authorized. The
    Administration will submit authorizing legislation to implement the
    Restudy this year.
      The budget continues the Administration's support for Everglades
    restoration, even in advance of new legislation. For this effort, the
    budget proposes about $334 million for the Army Corps of Engineers,
    Department of the Interior, and other agencies--$50 million more than
    Congress approved for 2000--including $135 million for Corps of
    Engineers water project infrastructure and $80 million for land
    acquisition.

      Improving Park Management: The Administration is committed to
    improving national park management so that available funds are most
    effectively targeted at top priority needs. Last year, the
    Administration initiated reforms in park construction management and
    capital asset planning. This year, the Administration proposes a new
    senior-level manager to enhance National Park Service (NPS) partnership
    efforts and manage increasingly complex cooperative agreements, leases,
    and concessions contracts. NPS has an unmatched potential to tap into
    the broad public support for our parks, as demonstrated by recent
    partnerships to restore Crissy Field in San Francisco and footpaths in
    Acadia National Park, Maine. This new effort will help other parks in
    negotiating similar agreements with partners and friends groups. It will
    also coordinate efforts within NPS to improve operational efficiency,
    business planning, and returns from leases and concessions contracts. As
    the Smithsonian Institution, military services, and others have learned,
    an organization without a business background often needs the input of
    specialized expertise to best handle business activities. This becomes
    increasingly important in a continuing era of constrained
    appropriations.
      Targeting the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP): This USDA program
    encourages landowners to adopt long-term conservation practices on
    environmentally sensitive and erodible land by providing cost-share
    assistance and annual rental payments. The Administration's farm safety
    net proposal expands the CRP from 36.4 million to 40.0 million
    cumulative acres. In 1999, CRP enrolled 4.7 million of the most
    environmentally beneficial acres bid, bringing cumulative enrollment to
    30.2 million acres. A related program, the Conservation Reserve
    Enhancement Program (CREP), addresses conservation issues of State and
    national significance through cost-sharing and targeting of Federal CRP
    and State funds, with a plan to help meet the State's specific
    conservation goals. By 2000, eight States (Oregon, Washington, Maryland,
    Illinois, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, and Delaware) had signed
    CREP cost-sharing agreements totaling about 611,000 acres and $1.1
    billion over several years. USDA estimates that 20 States will have CREP
    agreements by the end of 2001.
      Empowering Citizens with Knowledge: Requiring industries to share
    information about chemicals released into the air and water helps
    empower citizens to fight back, creating a powerful incentive for
    industry to pollute less. In the decade since the public's right to know
    about chemical releases became law of the land, industry's toxic
    pollution has fallen nearly 50 percent. The Administration has expanded
    the public's right to know by

    [[Page 86]]

    doubling the number of chemicals subject to reporting requirements and
    by increasing by 30 percent the number of facilities that must report.
      The Administration has also established the Chemical Right to Know
    Initiative, which includes a highly successful, innovative, voluntary
    partnership with industry to develop and provide the public with basic
    health data on chemicals released into the environment in high volume.
    The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also greatly expanded the
    amount of environmental data available to the public through an
    initiative to provide the Nation's 86 largest metropolitan areas with
    real-time environmental information.

      Providing Safe Drinking Water: Today, America's drinking water is
    significantly safer than six years ago. Administration efforts to
    strengthen drinking water safety, including amending the Safe Drinking
    Water Act in partnership with Congress, mean that 89 percent of
    Americans now get tap water from drinking water systems that meet these
    tough Federal standards, an increase of six percentage points since the
    standards went into effect in 1994. The Administration has also issued
    regulations requiring water systems to improve filtration and monitoring
    to protect against contamination by harmful microbes, and issue annual
    reports to their customers on the safety of their drinking water.
      Reducing Air Pollution: During the last seven years, the
    Administration has taken major steps to improve the quality of the air
    we breathe and has helped cut the number of metropolitan areas not in
    compliance with Federal ozone standards from 98 metropolitan areas in
    1993 down to 38 such areas today.
      Late last year, EPA established new rules for the sulfur content of
    gasoline and emissions from new car and light duty trucks that will
    result in vehicles that are 77 to 95 percent cleaner than those of
    today. These measures, to be phased in from 2004 to 2009, may prevent
    thousands of premature deaths, tens of thousands of cases of respiratory
    illness, and hundreds of thousands of lost work days. In past years, EPA
    has also issued rules to reduce toxic air pollution from chemical plants
    by 90 percent and put in place a program to clear the haze and restore
    pristine skies to our national parks.

      Cleaning Up Toxic Waste Sites: EPA's Superfund program to clean up
    abandoned hazardous waste sites has become faster, fairer, and less
    expensive. At the end of 1999, a total of 670 Superfund sites had been
    cleaned up--515 of these cleanups have been completed since 1993, while
    only 155 of the sites were cleaned up during the previous 12 years.
      The Administration proposes to clean up an additional 230 Superfund
    sites within the next three years. This plan would mean that some two-
    thirds, or 900, of the Nation's worst toxic waste dumps would be cleaned
    up by the end of 2002 (see Chart 4-1). EPA's Superfund administrative
    reforms are responsible for saving more than $1 billion in future costs
    by updating cleanup remedy decisions (to determine whether the same
    level of protection could be provided at lower cost) at more than 290
    sites, while streamlining the liability allocation process to reach
    settlement with more than 18,000 small parties at Superfund sites. The
    budget proposes $1.45 billion to enable the Administration to meet its
    900-site cleanup goal in 2002.

      Redeveloping Contaminated Land: The Brownfields National Partnership
    is bringing together the resources of more than 20 Federal agencies to
    clean up and redevelop former industrial sites in economically
    disadvantaged areas. Communities have reported that the initial two-year
    investment of $385 million has already created over 5,000 jobs and
    leveraged $1.8 billion in private investment, as well as helped to
    preserve existing uses of undeveloped land. The brownfields tax
    incentive, enacted as part of the 1997 Taxpayer Relief Act and extended
    by the 1999 Tax Relief Extension Act, will leverage another $4 billion
    in private investment by allowing businesses to deduct certain cleanup
    costs on environmentally contaminated lands. The Administration proposes
    to make permanent this tax incentive, which otherwise expires at the end
    of 2001.

    [[Page 87]]

      Making the Endangered Species Act (ESA) Work: Administration reforms
    have increased the flexibility of the ESA, furthering its ability of the
    ESA to provide earlier protection for at-risk species so, with these
    earlier efforts, the species will not have to be listed as endangered at
    a later point. These reforms include voluntary conservation agreements
    (Candidate Conservation Agreements-CCAs) between the Fish and Wildlife
    Service and private or public parties to implement conservation measures
    and monitoring activities to prevent the need to add species to the
    Endangered Species list. In 1999, the Federal Government entered into 10
    CCAs with private landowners or State and local governments that,
    together with other efforts, allowed seven species to be approved for
    removal from the Candidate list. In addition, early intervention
    processes implemented by the National Marine Fisheries Service to
    identify species before they become endangered and immediately implement
    protection strategies will effectively eliminate the need to list five
    threatened species.
      The Administration also has supported the use of Habitat Conservation
    Plans (HCPs) to address potential conflicts between development and
    protection of listed species. HCPs give the private sector and State,
    local, and Tribal governments the flexibility to propose solutions that
    permit the protection of endangered species and conservation of habitat,
    while allowing for development. HCPs will cover an estimated 325 species
    by the end of 2000.

      Improving Public Lands Management: Interior's Bureau of Land
    Management (BLM) has been reforming and improving grazing management to
    protect riparian and upland habitat by implementing regional and local
    standards and guidelines to establish the condition, health, and uses of
    lands it administers for grazing. The new standards and guidelines have
    been developed in concert with innovative consensus-building public
    Resource Advisory Councils. BLM will now begin a process of reviewing,
    renewing, updating, and improving its overall land use and resource
    management plans, many of which are over 20 years old.

    [[Page 88]]

    Just as with the standards and guidelines development, this process will
    seek input from the public, including recreationists, ranchers, miners,
    timber companies, environmentalists, hikers, campers, anglers, State and
    community leaders, and experts in land management.

    Environmental and Natural Resource Investments

      The budget proposes to boost funding for high-priority environmental
    and natural resource programs by 11 percent, compared to 2000 levels
    (see Table 4-1).

            Table 4-1.  An 11-Percent Increase For High-Priority Environmental and Natural Resource Programs
                                       (Budget authority, in millions of dollars)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                 Change:    Change:
                                                       1993       1999       2000       2001     1993 to    2000 to
                                                      Actual     Actual    Estimate   Proposed     2001       2001
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Lands Legacy Initiative (DOI, USDA, NOAA).....        380        473        727      1,400     +1,020       +673
    Farm Conservation Initiative (USDA)                 1,584      1,797      1,851      3,099     +1,515     +1,248
     (mandatory) \1\..............................
    Clean Energy Initiative (DOE, USDA, AID, DOC,         251        286        294        490        239        196
     TDA, EX-IM)..................................
    Greening the Globe Initiative (AID, Treasury,          82         65         80        150        +68        +70
     USDA, DOI)...................................
    Great Lakes Initiative (EPA)..................         18         18         17         67        +49        +50
    Climate Change Technology Initiative (DOE,      .........      1,021      1,099      1,432     +1,432       +333
     EPA, USDA, HUD)..............................
    Clean Water Action Plan (EPA, USDA, DOI, NOAA,  .........      1,871      1,998      2,426     +2,426       +428
     Corps).......................................
    Salmon Habitat Restoration (NOAA, Corps)......  .........         95        151        251       +251       +100
    Endangered Species Act (DOI, NOAA)............         75        129        152        170        +95        +18

    Department of Transportation (DOT):
      Mass Transit................................      3,774      5,389      5,785      6,321     +2,547       +536
      Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ)        601      1,408      1,509      1,557       +956        +48
      Environmental Enhancements; Preservation            114        646        720        771       +657        +51
       Pilots.....................................
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, DOT (Select programs)...........      4,489      7,443      8,014      8,649     +4,160       +635

    Department of the Interior (DOI):
      National Park Service Operating Program.....        984      1,286      1,364      1,454       +470        +90
      Bureau of Land Management Operating Program.        638        716        743        819       +181        +96
      Fish and Wildlife Service Operating Program.        531        660        703        762       +231        +59
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, DOI (Select programs)...........      2,153      2,662      2,810      3,035       +882       +225

    Department of Agriculture (USDA):
      Forest Service Operating Program............      1,319      1,595      1,668      1,790       +471       +122
      Natural Resources Conservation Service              577        641        661        747       +170        +86
       Operating Program..........................
      Water/Wastewater Grants and Loans...........        508        645        631        648       +140        +17
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, USDA (Select programs)..........      2,404      2,881      2,960      3,185       +781       +225

    Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):
      Operating Program...........................      2,767      3,496      3,532      3,917     +1,150       +385
      Clean Air Partnership Fund..................  .........  .........  .........         85        +85        +85
      Superfund Orphan Share (mandatory)..........  .........  .........  .........        150       +150       +150
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, All EPA.........................      6,923      7,589      7,563      7,407       +484       -156

    Department of Energy (DOE):
      Energy Conservation and Efficiency (gross)..        592        692        745        851       +259       +106
      Solar and Renewable Energy R&D (net)........        249        336        315        410       +161        +95
      Federal Facilities Cleanup (Environmental         6,396      5,843      5,878      6,318        -78       +440
       Management Program)........................
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, DOE (Select programs)...........      7,237      6,871      6,938      7,579       +342       +641

    Department of Defense (DOD):
      Cleanup.....................................      1,604      1,962      1,634      2,178       +574       +544
      Environmental Compliance/Pollution                2,227      2,434      2,337      2,139        -88       -198
       Prevention/Conservation....................
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, DOD (Select programs)...........      3,831      4,396      3,971      4,317       +486       +346

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric
     Administration (NOAA):
      Fisheries and Protected Species.............        232        350        396        431       +199        +35
      Ocean and Coastal Management................        121        178        188        314       +193       +126
      Ocean and Atmospheric Research..............        202        287        301        303       +101         +2
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, NOAA (Select programs)..........        555        815        885      1,048       +493       +163

    Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles    .........        235        226        255       +255        +29
     (DOE, DOC, NSF, EPA, DOT)....................
    U.S. Global Change Research (NASA, DOE, NSF,        1,323      1,657      1,701      1,740       +417        +39
     DOC, USDA, others)...........................
    GLOBE--Global Environmental Education (NOAA,    .........         10         11         13        +13         +2
     NASA, EPA, NSF)..............................
    Montreal Protocol (State/EPA).................         25         45         40         49        +24         +9
    Global Environment Facility (Treasury)........  .........        168         36        176       +176       +140
    Multilateral and Bilateral Assistance                 329        278        279        301        -28        +22
     (International Programs/AID).................
                                                   =================================================================
    Total \2\.....................................     31,226     37,685     38,404     42,527    +11,301     +4,123
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Increase over 2001 authorized level is $1.3 billion; includes funding for the Conservation Reserve Program
      (CRP).

    \2\ Total includes mandatory spending and is adjusted to eliminate double counts.

      Preserving Our Natural Heritage: As we enter a new century, our Nation
    continues to face new challenges to preserve the natural heritage,
    historic sites, and green spaces that Americans have come to treasure.
    The budget again proposes a Lands Legacy initiative, to protect natural
    treasures and historic places and provide the tools for States,
    localities, and Tribes to plan for smart growth (see Table 4-2). The
    initiative also provides funding for States and other entities to
    conserve important lands for recreation, open space, and wildlife
    habitat, plus preserve forests, farmland, and coastal areas.
      The budget includes $1.4 billion in discretionary funding for Lands
    Legacy ($673 million over 2000), and proposes a new budget category to
    provide dedicated and protected funding for the programs included in the
    initiative. Funds not appropriated to programs within the proposed cap
    of $1.4 billion will be unavailable to offset spending under other
    discretionary funding caps.
      Lands Legacy comprises three components:
      The first component provides $450 million for Federal land
              acquisition of precious natural and historic sites, including
              national parks, national forests, refuges, and environmentally
              sensitive lands throughout the Nation.
      The second component provides $521 million targeted to State,
              local, and Tribal governments throughout the Nation for
              planning and for open space acquisition; habitat and wildlife
              conservation; and preservation of forest lands, urban and
              suburban parks and greenways, riparian areas, and wetlands. A
              new non-game wildlife conservation grant program will be
              developed to help States promote and protect indigenous non-
              game wildlife through land acquisition, habitat conservation,
              and non-game recreation projects. A new open space planning
              program to support State, regional, and local planning for
              smart growth (which integrates open space conservation
              planning with other economic, transportation, and development
              planning) will be coordinated with similar activities being
              proposed under the Livable Communities Initiative. Also, while
              a continuing part of Lands Legacy, USDA's Farmland Protection
              Program will be proposed at $65 million in mandatory funding
              within the Farm Conservation initiative. (For more
              information, see the Farm Safety Net discussion.)
      Land Legacy's third component directs $429 million
              specifically to coastal and Great Lakes areas to protect their
              unique and fragile resources, which are faced with threats due
              to population growth, economic development, and pollution and
              other potential damage from both inland and outer continental
              shelf (OCS) oil and gas development. In addition to
              significant increases for existing Coastal Zone Management Act
              programs, the budget proposes new funding for grants directed
              to States having OCS oil and gas development off their shores.
              These special grants would be available for environmental
              monitoring, mitigation, and enhancement of coastal areas
              affected by existing OCS activity. Lands Legacy also includes
              funds to restore the Pacific northwest salmon, enhance the
              National Marine Sanctuaries and Estuarine Reserves systems,
              and expand coral restoration efforts.
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                                  Table 4-2.  A Doubling of the Lands Legacy Initiative
                                (Discretionary budget authority, in millions of dollars)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                 Change:    Change:
                                                       1993       1999       2000       2001     1993 to    2000 to
                                                      Actual     Actual    Estimate   Proposed     2001       2001
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Federal Land Acquisition:
      Federal Land Acquisition (DOI)..............        193        211        264        320       +127        +56
      Federal Land Acquisition (FS/USDA)..........         62         78         95        130        +68        +35
      Baca Ranch (NM) One-time Acquisition (FS/     .........         40         61  .........         NA         NA
       USDA)......................................
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
          Total, Federal Land Acquisition.........        255        329        420        450       +195        +30

    DOI/USDA State Conservation Programs:
      LWCF State Conservation Grants (NPS/DOI)....         28  .........         40        150       +122       +110
      State Non-Game Wildlife Grants (FWS/DOI)....  .........  .........  .........        100       +100       +100
      Cooperative State Planning (USGS/DOI).......  .........  .........  .........         50        +50        +50
      Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation           7         14         23         65        +58        +42
       Fund (FWS/DOI).............................
      North American Wetland Conservation Fund              9         15         15         30        +21        +15
       (FWS/DOI)..................................
      Urban Parks and Recreation Recovery Grants    .........  .........          2         20        +20        +18
       (NPS/DOI)..................................
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, DOI.............................         44         29         80        415       +371       +335
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
      Forest Legacy Program (FS/USDA).............         10          7         30         60        +50        +30
      Urban and Community Forestry (FS/USDA)......         25         31         31         40        +15         +9
      Smart Growth Partnership (FS/USDA)..........  .........  .........  .........          6         +6         +6
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, USDA............................         35         38         61        106        +71        +45
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
          Total, State Conservation Programs......         79         67        141        521       +442       +380

    NOAA/DOC Coastal Programs:
      National Marine Sanctuary Program...........          7         14         26         35        +28        +10
      Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) Program..         35         58         59        159       +123        +99
      Coastal Impact Assistance Grants............  .........  .........  .........        100       +100       +100
      Pacific Northwest Salmon Fund...............  .........  .........         58        100       +100        +42
      National Estuarine Research Reserves System.          3          4         12         20        +17         +8
      Coral Restoration...........................  .........  .........          6         15        +15         +9
      Dredging and other NOAA Programs............  .........          2          5  .........  .........         -5
                                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, Coastal Programs...................         46         78        165        429       +383       +263
                                                   =================================================================
    Total, Lands Legacy Discretionary Funding.....        380        473        727  \1\ 1,400     +1,020       +673
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    NA = Not applicable

    \1\ In addition, while part of the overall Lands Legacy initiative, USDA's Farmland Protection Program will be
      funded in 2001 at $65 million in mandatory funding within the Farm Conservation initiative. The 2000 request
      was $50 million in discretionary funding; none was appropriated.

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

      Promoting Clean Energy at Home and Abroad: Both at home and abroad,
    there are urgent environmental needs and significant economic
    opportunities in accelerating the shift to clean and efficient energy
    technologies and practices. To this end, the budget proposes a new Clean
    Energy for the 21st Century initiative. The initiative provides a $103
    million increase over 2000 for new and expanded demonstration and export
    promotion measures to accelerate the development and deployment of clean
    energy technologies in developing coun

    [[Page 89]]

    tries. Energy use by developing countries is expected to double between
    1990 and 2020, and quadruple by 2050, accounting for three-fourths or
    more of the increase in global energy use. Clean energy technologies can
    provide energy services in these countries efficiently and cost-
    effectively, with reduced emission of pollutants or greenhouse gases.
    U.S.

    [[Page 90]]

    firms could capture a significant portion of the $10 trillion worldwide
    market for energy supply technologies over the next 20 years. The budget
    also provides $289 million ($93 million over 2000) in discretionary
    spending in 2001 and $976 million in tax incentives over five years to
    support Executive Order 13134 and to help meet the President's goal of
    tripling U.S. use of biobased products and bioenergy by reducing the
    cost of converting crops, trees, and biological wastes into fuels,
    electric power, chemicals, and consumer goods.
      Addressing Global Climate Change Through Technology: The budget
    proposes $1.6 billion for the third year of the Climate Change
    Technology Initiative (CCTI), which is designed to promote energy
    efficiency, develop low-carbon energy sources, and reduce greenhouse gas
    emissions. Led by the Department of Energy (DOE) and EPA, the effort
    also includes USDA, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and
    the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Of the amount
    proposed, $1.4 billion is for R&D spending on energy efficiency and
    renewable energy technologies, and $0.2 billion is for tax credits to
    stimulate use of energy efficient technologies in buildings, industrial
    processes, vehicles, and power generation.
      Conserving Forests Around the Globe: The Greening the Globe initiative
    seeks to increase the conservation of tropical and other significant
    forests around the world. The budget includes an increase of $70 million
    for this

    [[Page 91]]

    initiative. The Agency for International Development will work with host
    countries and partners to expand the conservation of and improve the
    management of biologically significant areas. Environmental damage in
    developing countries is often driven by poverty and food insecurity. In
    an effort to address these causes of deforestation, the Treasury
    Department will work with developing countries to develop debt-for-
    nature swaps that will provide local currency resources to conserve
    globally-significant tropical forests. The Forest Service and the Fish
    and Wildlife Service will use their expertise to help developing
    countries conserve their forests through technical assistance and
    disaster coordination.
      Restoring the Great Lakes: The Great Lakes are the largest system of
    fresh surface water on earth, and one of the Nation's most valuable
    natural resources. Although significant progress has been made, the
    Great Lakes still have serious pollution problems, particularly from
    toxic pollutants that have contaminated sediments. As a result of these
    toxic pollutants, advisories have been issued to not consume fish caught
    in many areas in the Great Lakes. The budget includes a $50 million
    increase for new competitive grants to help restore polluted ``areas of
    concern'' in the Great Lakes, as defined in the bi-national Great Lakes
    Water Quality Agreement. These funds will be used to implement specific
    actions identified in restoration plans for each area of concern,
    including remediating contaminated sediments, controlling storm water
    pollution, and restoring wetlands.
      Strengthening the Farm Safety Net Through Conservation: The
    Administration recognizes the importance of providing assistance to
    farmers and ranchers who practice environmentally sound land management,
    particularly when they are faced with financial hardship. The
    Administration's Farm Safety Net proposal includes the Farm Conservation
    Initiative, helping farmers and ranchers continue to protect the
    environment from agricultural pollution while providing them with
    economic help. The initiative will allow the USDA's Wetlands Reserve and
    Conservation Reserve Programs to enroll 250,000 annual acres and 40
    million cumulative acres, respectively; fund the Farmland Protection
    Programs at $65 million annually; provide $50 million annually for the
    Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program; increase authorized annual funding
    for the Environmental Quality Incentives Program by $125 million, to
    $325 million; and, propose $600 million in annual funding for a new
    Conservation Security Program. Through these programs, participants will
    receive cost-share assistance, technical assistance, and in many cases,
    annual payments for high-priority activities including wetlands
    restoration, farmland protection, and comprehensive nutrient management
    (see Table 4-3).
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                         Table 4-3.  $1.3 Billion Increase for the Farm Conservation Initiative
                                  (Mandatory budget authority, in millions of dollars)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                           Change:
                                                                  2000          2001          2001       Authorized
                                                                Estimate     Authorized     Proposed      Level to
                                                                                Level                     Proposed
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Conservation Security Program...........................  ............  ............           600          +600
    Environmental Quality Incentives Program................           174           200           325          +125
    Wetlands Reserve Program................................           165            46           259          +213
    Farmland Protection Program.............................  ............  ............            65           +65
    Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program.....................  ............  ............            50           +50
    Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Continuous Sign-up               10            13           138          +125
     Bonuses................................................
    Conservation Technical Assistance.......................            35  ............           110          +110
                                                             -------------------------------------------------------
      Total, Farm Conservation Initiative \1\...............           384           259         1,547        +1,288
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ This initiative would also increase cumulative CRP enrollment to 40 million acres, allowing an additional
      1.2 million acres to sign up annually in 2001 through 2003. The first payments for these additional acres
      would be made in 2002.

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

    [[Page 92]]

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

      Making America More Livable through Better America Bonds: As part of
    the Livable Communities initiative, the Administration is again
    proposing a new financing tool to preserve green space for future
    generations and provide attractive settings for economic development.
    The proposal would provide authority for State, local, and Tribal
    governments to issue $2.15 billion in Better America Bonds in 2001 and
    $10.8 billion over five years. Investors in these 15-year bonds will
    receive Federal tax credits in lieu of interest payments from State and
    local governments over the life of the bonds, thereby significantly
    reducing the cost to States and local governments of preserving green
    spaces. The estimated revenue loss to the Treasury is about $0.7 billion
    over five years. Better America Bonds will be available to help State,
    local, and Tribal governments finance a range of environmental projects
    such as: enhancing green space (urban parks, suburban green spaces,
    farmland, forests, and wetlands); protecting water quality (including
    measures on publicly owned land to control runoff or erosion or to
    protect endangered species); and, cleaning up brownfields (environmental
    assessment and remediation of contaminated property).
      Recovering Pacific Salmon: In June 1999, the United States and Canada
    signed the historic U.S.-Canada Pacific Salmon Agreement, providing for
    international cooperation, new and necessary fishing regimes, further
    science and research, and other projects designed to better understand
    the causes for decline of at-risk salmon species. These efforts are
    aimed at stemming the decline of the at-risk salmon species in the
    Pacific Northwest. The budget proposes a total of $60 million, an
    increase of $35 million, to implement this agreement in 2001.
      In addition, the budget continues the Federal Government's broad
    interdepartmental Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Initiative to assist
    in the conservation and recovery of at-risk Pacific salmon runs in the
    western States of California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. In 2001,
    this initiative will be included as part of Lands Legacy and the new
    discretionary budget cap. The initiative responds to the proposed
    listings of these runs under the ESA by forming lasting partnerships
    with State, local, and Tribal efforts for saving Pacific salmon and
    their important habitats. To finance this initiative, the budget
    proposes $100 million, an increase of $42 million over 2000, for the
    Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund to continue to help share the costs
    of State, Tribal, and local conservation initiatives in California,
    Oregon, Washington, and Alaska in recovering severely at-risk salmon.
      These two efforts are in addition to ongoing Columbia and Snake River
    (Washington, Oregon, Idaho) salmon restoration activities, including $91
    million requested for the Army Corps of Engineers in 2001, a $23 million
    increase over 2000.

      Rewarding Early Pollution Reductions: The budget proposes $85 million
    in 2001 for the new Clean Air Partnership Fund to finance projects that
    achieve innovative and early air pollution and greenhouse gas emission
    reductions. This fund will provide the opportunity for State, local, and
    Tribal governments to partner with other parties and the Federal
    Government to demonstrate the most creative ideas for cleaning the air.
    The goal of this program is to help implement environmental protection
    in a common sense, flexible, and cost-effective manner, encouraging the
    development of smart multi-pollutant strategies to reduce greenhouse
    gases, air toxics, soot, and smog to protect our climate and our health.
      Implementing the Clean Water Action Plan (CWAP): To mark the 25th
    anniversary of the Clean Water Act, the President and Vice President
    announced the Clean Water Action Plan (CWAP) in February 1998. The CWAP
    focuses on three remaining challenges for restoring and protecting the
    Nation's waterways: preventing polluted runoff; protecting public
    health; and, ensuring community-based watershed management.
      The budget provides $2.4 billion in discretionary funding for the
    third year of this multi-agency initiative, a 21-percent increase over
    the 2000 level, as well as a $151 million, or 87-percent, increase in
    mandatory funding for USDA's Environmental Quality Incentives Program,
    to help farmers prevent polluted runoff. An increase of $45 million, or
    39 percent, is provided to help States develop water pollution
    allocation plans (known as TMDLs), and an increase of $50

    [[Page 93]]

    million, or 25 percent, is provided to reduce polluted runoff through
    EPA State grant programs. The budget also includes increases for the
    Forest Service to better address water quality problems on Federal
    lands; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to help
    States and local communities protect their coasts from the pollution
    that leads to degradation; and, $20 million for the Army Corps of
    Engineers to begin an initiative--Challenge 21--to restore riverine
    ecosystem functions while providing flood hazard mitigation for
    communities.
      To support the joint State-Federal CALFED initiative addressing
    environmental and water management problems associated with the
    California Bay-Delta, the budget proposes $60 million for the Bureau of
    Reclamation's Bay-Delta Program. In addition, the budget includes
    continued funding for a number of ongoing Federal activities that
    support CALFED's long-term goals.

      Enhancing the Stewardship of National Treasures: The Administration
    continues to invest in national parks, wildlife refuges, national
    forests, and other public lands to ensure that future generations are
    afforded the opportunity to enjoy these national treasures. It will
    again work with Congress to target resources to high-priority projects
    that maintain and restore facilities in national parks, forests,
    refuges, and public lands. The budget also supports permanent
    authorization of the recreation fee demonstration program, which
    provides almost $200 million annually in revenue for land management
    agencies to reinvest in visitor facilities and services. To provide for
    stewardship of newly acquired treasures, the Administration is studying
    ways to address transitional start-up cost requirements for newly
    acquired lands, such as stabilizing historic structures, cleaning up
    hazardous wastes, and inventorying newly acquired resources. This could
    help to ensure that the near-term costs for newly acquired lands do not
    divert funds needed for the long-term maintenance of existing
    facilities.
      Funding the EPA Operating Program: The budget proposes $3.9 billion,
    an 11-percent increase over 2000, for EPA's operating program, which
    includes most of EPA's research, regulatory, and enforcement programs,
    and partnership grants with States and Tribes. The operating program,
    which has grown 42 percent during this Administration, represents the
    backbone of the Nation's efforts to protect public health and the
    environment through sound science, standard setting, enforcement, and
    other means, ensuring that our water is pure, our air clean, and our
    food safe.
      Within the operating program, the budget fully funds the third year of
    EPA's part of the CCTI ($227 million) and the CWAP ($762 million). The
    budget also provides $30 million for a major multi-year environmental
    initiative to better integrate and enable substantially greater use of
    EPA and State environmental data systems.

      Financing Water Quality Infrastructure: The budget proposes $825
    million ($5 million over 2000) in EPA capitalization grants for Drinking
    Water State Revolving Funds (SRFs), which make low-interest loans to
    help municipalities meet the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act
    Amendments. These funds will help ensure that Americans have a safe,
    clean drinking water supply--our first line of defense in protecting
    public health. Every State has now successfully established a Drinking
    Water SRF and begun disbursing loans to its communities.
      The budget also proposes $800 million in capitalization grants to
    Clean Water SRFs to help municipalities comply with the Clean Water Act,
    thus helping to reduce beach closures and to keep our waterways safe and
    clean. Those levels for the two SRFs will keep the programs on track
    toward achieving the Administration's goal of providing sufficient
    capital for the two SRFs to offer $2.5 billion a year in financial
    assistance to municipalities over the long run. The Clean Water SRFs are
    on schedule for reaching that goal in 2005.

      Accelerating Endangered Species Act Efforts: The budget proposes a 12-
    percent increase, an additional $18 million, for a total of $170
    million, in Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service and Commerce's National
    Marine Fisheries Service, for the endangered species program. These
    funds will support the Administration's efforts to encourage private
    landowners to protect species, and recover salmon in the Pacific
    Northwest. The Endangered Spe

    [[Page 94]]

    cies program increases are designed to encourage cooperative
    partnerships between the Federal Government and States, localities,
    Tribes, and private parties to recover listed species and prevent the
    need to list more.
      Supporting the Global Environment Facility (GEF): U.S. participation
    in the GEF is a cornerstone of our foreign policy on the environment.
    The GEF has become the world's leading institution in aiding developing
    countries in protecting the global environment by working to prevent
    global climate change, massive extinction of valuable species, and the
    collapse of the oceans' fish population. The $176 million proposal for
    2001 includes $107.5 million for the 2001 contribution to the GEF's
    second four-year replenishment program, from 1999 to 2002, and $68.5
    million for contributions previously due. U.S. funding for this program
    is crucial if the United States hopes to continue influencing GEF's
    policies and lending strategies.
      Expanding Federal Facilities Cleanup and Compliance: The Federal
    Government continues to address the huge challenge of cleaning up
    Federal facilities contaminated with radioactive or hazardous waste. DOE
    faces the most complex and costly problems from over 50 years of
    research, production, and testing of nuclear weapons and reactors, which
    resulted in thousands of areas of known contamination and buildings
    requiring decontamination and decommissioning. At the beginning of 1993,
    of the 113 DOE sites to be cleaned up, only 23 were complete. By the end
    of 2001, an additional 51 DOE sites will have been cleaned up.
      The budget proposes $6.3 billion for DOE's Environmental Management
    program, including $1.2 billion to clean up quickly and return excess
    Federal property to beneficial use in local communities. The budget also
    proposes $515 million to continue to privatize waste remediation at such
    sites as the Hanford, Washington and Idaho facilities, for which DOE
    pays for the delivery of treated waste that meets approved
    specifications. Privatization will help speed cleanups, reduce health
    risks, and cut costs at these sites.
      The Department of Defense (DOD), which operates one of America's most
    diverse environmental programs, is focusing its efforts on reducing
    relative risk at its active and closing installations. DOD is in the
    process of conducting restoration studies or cleanups at 678 military
    installations and over 2,000 formerly-used properties. Moreover, it has
    determined that over 16,000 sites require no further action. DOD also is
    making progress in its compliance and pollution prevention,
    conservation, and environmental technology programs. The budget proposes
    $4.3 billion for all DOD environmental activities, an amount that
    reflects a commitment to consistent and wise stewardship of DOD lands.
    The Administration is committed to making all current and former DOD
    property safe and clean.