[Appendix]
[Detailed Budget Estimates by Agency]
[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
[[Page 1049]]
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Human Space Flight
For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct
and support of human space flight research and development activities,
including research, development, operations, and services; maintenance;
construction of facilities including [repair, rehabilitation,]
revitalization and modification of [real and personal property,]
facilities, construction of new facilities and additions to existing
facilities, facility planning and design, and acquisition or
condemnation of real property, as authorized by law; space flight,
spacecraft control and communications activities including operations,
production, and services; and purchase, lease, charter, maintenance and
operation of mission and administrative aircraft, [$5,510,900,000]
$5,499,900,000, to remain available until September 30, [2001: Provided,
That $40,000,000 of the amount provided in this paragraph shall be
available to the space shuttle program only for preparations necessary
to carry out a life and micro-gravity science mission, to be flown
between STS-107 and December 2001] 2002. For necessary expenses of the
International Space Station, to become available on October 1 of the
fiscal year specified and remain available for that and the following
fiscal year, as follows: for fiscal year 2002, $1,858,500,000; for
fiscal year 2003, $1,452,500,000; for fiscal year 2004, $1,327,000,000;
and for fiscal year 2005, $1,275,000,000. (Departments of Veterans
Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2000.)
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0111-0-1-252 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
Direct program:
00.01 Space station................... 2,252 2,464 2,125
00.02 Payload and ELV support......... 86
00.03 Investments and support......... 123
00.04 Space shuttle................... 2,956 2,858 3,156
00.05 Payload and utilization
operations.................... 199 261 8
09.01 Reimbursable program.............. 183 204 195
--------- --------- ----------
10.00 Total new obligations........... 5,590 5,787 5,693
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance available,
start of year................... 271 368 274
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 5,663 5,692 5,695
22.10 Resources available from
recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... 24
--------- --------- ----------
23.90 Total budgetary resources
available for obligation...... 5,958 6,060 5,969
23.95 Total new obligations............. -5,590 -5,787 -5,693
24.40 Unobligated balance available, end
of year......................... 368 274 276
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 5,480 5,511 5,500
40.76 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
113........................... -23
--------- --------- ----------
43.00 Appropriation (total
discretionary).............. 5,480 5,488 5,500
Spending authority from offsetting
collections:
68.00 Offsetting collections (cash)... 174 204 195
68.10 From Federal sources: Change in
receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 9
--------- --------- ----------
68.90 Spending authority from
offsetting collections
(total discretionary)....... 183 204 195
--------- --------- ----------
70.00 Total new budget authority
(gross)....................... 5,663 5,692 5,695
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
Unpaid obligations, start of year:
72.40 Obligated balance, start of year 1,662 1,627 1,740
72.95 From Federal sources:
Receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 23 32 32
--------- --------- ----------
72.99 Total unpaid obligations,
start of year............... 1,685 1,659 1,772
73.10 Total new obligations............. 5,590 5,787 5,693
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -5,591 -5,674 -5,655
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... 1
73.45 Adjustments in unexpired accounts. -24
Unpaid obligations, end of year:
74.40 Obligated balance, end of year.. 1,627 1,740 1,778
74.95 From Federal sources:
Receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 32 32 32
--------- --------- ----------
74.99 Total unpaid obligations, end
of year..................... 1,659 1,772 1,810
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 3,753 3,864 3,864
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 1,838 1,810 1,791
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 5,591 5,674 5,655
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Offsets:
Against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (cash)
from:
88.40 Non-Federal sources........... -29 -44 -40
88.45 Offsetting governmental
collections from the public. -145 -160 -155
--------- --------- ----------
88.90 Total, offsetting
collections (cash)........ -174 -204 -195
Against gross budget authority only:
88.95 From Federal sources: Change in
receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... -9
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 5,480 5,488 5,500
90.00 Outlays........................... 5,417 5,470 5,460
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary of Budget Authority and Outlays
(in millions of dollars)
1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
Enacted/requested:
Budget Authority.................. 5,480 5,488 5,500
Outlays........................... 5,417 5,470 5,460
Supplemental proposal:
Budget Authority.................. -20
Outlays........................... -13 -6
------------------------------------
Total:
Budget Authority.................. 5,480 5,468 5,500
Outlays........................... 5,417 5,457 5,454
====================================
This appropriation provides funding for human space flight
activities, including development and operations of the Space Station,
the Space Station research program, and operation of the Space Shuttle.
This includes development of contingency capabilities for the Space
Station, high priority investments to improve the safety of the Space
Shuttle, and required construction projects in direct support of Space
Station and Space Shuttle programs.
Performance Objectives
Space station.--The International Space Station (ISS) is an
international laboratory in low Earth orbit on which American, Russian,
Canadian, European, and Japanese astronauts will conduct unique
scientific and technological investigations in a microgravity
environment. The goal of the Station is to support activities requiring
the unique attributes of humans in space and establish a permanent human
presence in Earth orbit. The proposed budget provides multi-year funding
through an advance appropriation for the continued development of the
vehicle and its research components and for current operations, assembly
and utilization of the station. With the first launches successfully
completed, the budget includes funding to keep subsequent assembly
missions on schedule for completion in 2004-2005 and continue work to
[[Page 1050]]
wards a long-term solution to the safe return of the full complement of
station crewmembers in the event of an emergency.
In FY 1999, successful launches of the first two components of the
Station--the FGB control module and the first node--were completed in
November and December respectively, and the elements were assembled in
orbit and activated. A third flight delivering supplies to support the
first crews was successfully performed in May 1999. Flight hardware
elements for the next six U.S. assembly launches--the Z1 and S0 trusses,
the control moment gyros, the first photo-voltaic array and battery
sets, initial thermal radiators, communication equipment, the U.S.
Laboratory, the mobile servicing system and the Multi-Purpose Logistics
Carrier--were delivered to the launch site, and the first phases of
multi-element integrated testing (MEIT) were completed. Crew training,
payload processing, hardware element processing, and mission operations
were supported. In 2000, fabrication of flight hardware, qualification
testing, assembly, integration and mission operations will all continue.
Difficulties with completion of U.S. MEIT testing, coupled with delays
to the Russian Service Module, caused by recent failures of the Proton
launch system, have delayed planned assembly and expedition flights. The
Service Module will be launched in mid- to late-2000, and assembly and
expedition flights will follow. The Russian launch of a Soyuz vehicle
will enable permanent occupation of the station with rotating crews of
three. In 2001 plans are to launch seven U.S. missions to station,
including the lab module. Phase 2 of the station assembly will be
completed with the launch of the airlock, and preparations will continue
for the start of Phase 3 and the first shuttle mission dedicated to
research utilization in late 2001/early 2002.
As part of the FY 1999 operating plan, Russian Program Assurance
(RPA) was re-established within the Space Station budget line. The RPA
funding provides contingency activities to address ISS program
requirements resulting from delays or shortfalls on the part of Russia
in meeting its commitments to the ISS program. The first step in the
contingency plan is to protect against a potential further delay in the
Russian Service Module (SM) and its capabilities. The ISS program is
purchasing, from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), an interim
control module (ICM) to provide backup attitude control and reboost
functions for the ISS. Additionally, the Shuttle fleet is being
configured for reaction control system (RCS) interconnectivity
modifications to enable greater Shuttle reboost capability to the ISS. A
permanent U.S. propulsion capability is being developed for
implementation in the 2002 timeframe. This includes a propulsion module,
carriers, and activities to support propulsion logistics. An agreement
negotiated with the Russians in 1999 will provide needed hardware and
services to the U.S., including services to provide additional crew
return capability when the station attains the ability to support a
permanent crew of six.
Phase I development of a crew return vehicle (CRV), to provide the
U.S. capability to return up to seven crew members, is initiated in
2000. Design and operational technologies tested and demonstrated in
Phase I will reduce CRV development risk. The X-38, including the space
test flight in 2002, is being transitioned to merge with the ISS CRV
funding in 2000 because of the overlap of CRV and X-38 technology
developments. Pending a final decision on CRV development, which will be
part of broader future launch decisions, Phase 2 development funding
will be included in the Aero-Space Technology budget estimates beginning
in FY 2002.
Payload and Expendable Launch Vehicle (ELV) support.--Activities
funded by the payload processing budget support the required technical
expertise and facilities to perform the payload buildup, test and
checkout, integration, servicing, transportation and installation in the
launch vehicle. In FY 1999, launch and landing payload support
activities were provided for four Space Shuttle missions, including the
first American segment of the ISS, and payload processing support
activities and facilities for six manifested major payloads. In FY 2000,
launch and landing payload support activities will be provided for six
Space Shuttle missions including the Hubble Space Telescope (HST-03A)
launch, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) launch, and three
assembly flights for the ISS. In FY 2001, launch and landing payload
support activities will be provided for nine Space Shuttle missions,
including seven ISS assembly and utilization flights. During this
period, five pallets will be used in Space Shuttle missions, including
the fourth HST servicing mission and three of the ISS assembly flights.
In FY 2000 and 2001, over 20 major and secondary payloads will be
supported, including major hardware for ISS assembly.
The ELV Mission Support budget provides funds for acquiring
requisite launch services to meet all NASA requirements and for
technical insight of commercially provided launch services. Advanced
mission design/analysis and leading edge integration services are
provided for the full range of NASA missions under consideration for
launch on ELVs. During FY 1999, 10 ELV launches and 1 secondary ELV
mission were successfully launched. Support for 13 missions, including
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-H (TDRS-H), Terra and Geostationary
Operational Environmental Satellite-L (GOES-L), and four planetary
missions are planned for launch in FY 2000, and integration and
technical management of 28 payloads are planned for launch in FY 2000
and FY 2001. Support for 11 missions and 1 secondary payload is planned
for FY 2001.
Investments and support.--Beginning in FY 2001, the Human
Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS) Commercialization and
Technology Initiative will include human space exploration and
development activities emphasizing highly innovative technologies,
advances in science, and enabling synergistic commercial space
development efforts.
A new project activity will begin in FY 2001 to ensure NASA's rocket
propulsion test capabilities are properly managed and maintained in
world class condition. The project will significantly enhance our
ability to properly manage NASA's rocket testing activities and
infrastructure across all four participating NASA centers.
Engineering and technical base (ETB) activity will continue to
support the institutional capability in the operation of space flight
laboratories, technical facilities, and testbeds; to conduct independent
safety, and reliability assessments; and to stimulate science and
technical competence in the United States.
Space shuttle.--The Space Shuttle is a partially reusable space
vehicle that provides several unique capabilities to the United States
space program. These include retrieving payloads from orbit for reuse,
servicing and repairing satellites in space, safely transporting humans
to and from space, launching ISS components and providing an assembly
platform in space, and operating and returning space laboratories. In FY
1999, the Space Shuttle launched four flights successfully including the
first ISS assembly mission, one resupply flight to the ISS, one
microgravity research mission which included the return to space of
Senator John Glenn, and the successful deployment of the Chandra--
Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF).
The six flights manifested in FY 2000 include the emergency HST
Servicing Mission 3A which will replace failing gyros on the HST and the
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), a joint DOD/NASA payload to
study the earth. The Space Shuttle will also visit the ISS four more
times, for both assembly and maintenance. Finally, the first crew will
[[Page 1051]]
begin the permanent occupation and presence aboard the ISS in FY 2000.
Nine flights are planned during FY 2001, including seven ISS
assembly and servicing missions. In addition, a dedicated microgravity
research flight and another HST Servicing Mission (3B) will be flown.
The 2002 budget estimate for this account is $5.5 billion, including
advance appropriations.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0111-0-1-252 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct obligations:
22.0 Transportation of things........ 4 4 4
23.3 Communications, utilities, and
miscellaneous charges......... 55 57 56
24.0 Printing and reproduction....... 2 2 2
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 5 5 5
25.2 Other services.................. 132 136 134
25.3 Purchases of goods and services
from Government accounts...... 125 129 127
25.4 Operation and maintenance of
facilities.................... 1,389 1,429 1,412
25.5 Research and development
contracts..................... 3,220 3,333 3,274
25.7 Operation and maintenance of
equipment..................... 43 44 44
26.0 Supplies and materials.......... 148 152 151
31.0 Equipment....................... 95 98 97
32.0 Land and structures............. 146 150 148
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions................. 43 44 44
--------- --------- ----------
99.0 Subtotal, direct obligations.. 5,407 5,583 5,498
99.0 Reimbursable obligations.......... 183 204 195
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 5,590 5,787 5,693
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Science, Aeronautics and Technology
For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in the conduct
and support of science, aeronautics and technology research and
development activities, including research, development, operations, and
services; maintenance; construction of facilities including [repair,
rehabilitation] revitalization, and modification of [real and personal
property] facilities, construction of new facilities and additions to
existing facilities, facility planning and design, and acquisition or
condemnation of real property, as authorized by law; space flight,
spacecraft control and communications activities including operations,
production, and services; and purchase, lease, charter, maintenance and
operation of mission and administrative aircraft, [$5,606,700,000]
$5,929,400,000, to remain available until September 30, [2001] 2002.
(Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and
Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000.)
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0110-0-1-999 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
Direct program:
00.01 Space science................... 2,211 2,224 2,389
00.02 Life and microgravity science... 246 294 301
00.03 Earth science................... 1,478 1,427 1,408
00.04 Aero-space technology........... 1,342 1,093 1,190
00.05 Space operations................ 503
00.06 Academic programs............... 146 152 102
00.07 Mission communication services.. 375 394 20
09.01 Reimbursable program.............. 574 606 548
--------- --------- ----------
10.00 Total new obligations........... 6,372 6,190 6,461
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance available,
start of year................... 401 281 278
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 6,228 6,187 6,477
22.10 Resources available from
recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... 25
--------- --------- ----------
23.90 Total budgetary resources
available for obligation...... 6,654 6,468 6,755
23.95 Total new obligations............. -6,372 -6,190 -6,461
23.98 Unobligated balance expiring or
withdrawn....................... -1
24.40 Unobligated balance available, end
of year......................... 281 278 294
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 5,654 5,607 5,929
40.76 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
113........................... -26
--------- --------- ----------
43.00 Appropriation (total
discretionary).............. 5,654 5,581 5,929
Spending authority from offsetting
collections:
68.00 Offsetting collections (cash)... 542 606 548
68.10 From Federal sources: Change in
receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 32
--------- --------- ----------
68.90 Spending authority from
offsetting collections
(total discretionary)....... 574 606 548
--------- --------- ----------
70.00 Total new budget authority
(gross)....................... 6,228 6,187 6,477
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
Unpaid obligations, start of year:
72.40 Obligated balance, start of year 2,997 2,977 3,195
72.95 From Federal sources:
Receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 318 350 350
--------- --------- ----------
72.99 Total unpaid obligations,
start of year............... 3,315 3,327 3,545
73.10 Total new obligations............. 6,372 6,190 6,461
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -6,327 -5,972 -6,183
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -9
73.45 Adjustments in unexpired accounts. -25
Unpaid obligations, end of year:
74.40 Obligated balance, end of year.. 2,977 3,195 3,473
74.95 From Federal sources:
Receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 350 350 350
--------- --------- ----------
74.99 Total unpaid obligations, end
of year..................... 3,327 3,545 3,823
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 3,209 3,123 3,222
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 3,118 2,849 2,962
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 6,327 5,972 6,183
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Offsets:
Against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (cash)
from:
88.40 Non-Federal sources........... -24 -42 -37
88.45 Offsetting governmental
collections from the public. -518 -564 -511
--------- --------- ----------
88.90 Total, offsetting
collections (cash)........ -542 -606 -548
Against gross budget authority only:
88.95 From Federal sources: Change in
receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... -32
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 5,654 5,581 5,929
90.00 Outlays........................... 5,785 5,366 5,635
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This appropriation provides for the research and development
activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Funds
are included for the construction, maintenance, and operation of
programmatic facilities. Space science, earth science, life and
microgravity science, and aero-space technology programs are included in
the 21st Century Research Fund.
Performance Objectives
Space science.--The Space Science program seeks to answer
fundamental questions concerning: the galaxy and the universe; the
connection between the Sun, Earth and heliosphere; the origin and
evolution of planetary systems; and the origin and distribution of life
in the universe. The Space Science program is comprised of a base
program of research and development activities, including research and
flight mission activities, and major space-based facilities.
In 1999, the Space Science program produced many notable scientific
accomplishments. The Hubble Space Telescope fulfilled one of its most
important objectives in May 1999, when the Hubble Space Telescope Key
Project Team announced the results of their studies, which yielded an
estimate of the Hubble constant to within 10% accuracy. The Hubble
constant indicates the rate at which the universe is expanding
[[Page 1052]]
from the primordial ``Big Bang'' and is one of the most important
numbers in cosmology because it is needed to estimate the age and size
of the universe. Combining the Hubble constant measurement with
estimates of the density of the universe, the team estimated that the
universe is approximately 12 billion years old. The Chandra X-ray
Observatory (CXO), the third of the four ``great observatories,'' was
successfully launched and activated. As soon as science operations
began, images showing astonishing detail of X-ray sources were obtained.
With its unprecedented capabilities in energy coverage, spatial
resolution, spectral resolution and sensitivity, CXO has just begun to
investigate some of the most important topics in space science,
including the age and size of the universe, dark matter, and X-ray
background radiation. Other scientific discoveries related to the
structure and evolution of the universe include the detection of
``middleweight'' black holes that are 100 to 10,000 times as massive as
the Sun but occupy less space that the Moon, and the first-ever optical
image of a gamma ray burst. Gamma ray bursts are the most powerful
explosions in the universe, and for a very short period produce more
energy than the rest of the universe combined. Also in 1999, several
teams of researchers supported by NASA discovered many new planets
orbiting nearby stars, including evidence of the first known planet
orbiting a pair of stars. Within our own solar system, the Mars Global
Surveyor (MGS) generated the first global three-dimensional view of
Mars. These images revealed an impact basin deep enough to swallow Mount
Everest, as well as pathways for water flow. Scientists using MGS'
magnetometer discovered surprising evidence of past movement of the
Martian crust, further evidence that ancient Mars was a more dynamic,
Earth-like planet than it is today. A dramatic time-lapse movie by the
Hubble Space Telescope showed, for the first time, seasonal changes on
Uranus. The Galileo spacecraft produced new images showing volcanic
activity on Jupiter's moon Io, similar to that which occurred on Earth
eons ago. Analysis of data from the Lunar Prospector spacecraft
confirmed that the Moon has a small core, supporting the theory that the
bulk of the Moon was ripped away from the Earth when an object the size
of Mars collided with the Earth. In the field of solar science, NASA
sponsored scientists using the Japanese Yokoh spacecraft discovered that
an S-shaped structure often appears on the Sun in advance of a coronal
mass ejection (CME), a violent eruption that is as powerful as billions
of nuclear explosions. The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)
spacecraft discovered the source of high-speed solar wind, a stream of
electrified gas that affects the Earth's space environment.
To capitalize on these enormous successes during the past year, the
NASA budget request for FY 2001 once again highlights Space Science. The
President's request includes an enhanced Solar System Exploration
program to establish a sustained presence at multiple locations on and
around Mars and other potential research targets. Using outposts of
numerous, networked spacecraft, NASA will greatly enhance the science
return and overall success of future missions. Eventually, such outposts
will bring continuous access to live data and video so that researchers
and the public can explore and experience other worlds first-hand. Space
Science continues to focus on the Origins program and fundamental
questions regarding the creation of the universe and planetary systems
and the possibility of life on places other than planet Earth. Planning
and technology development continues for the deployment of powerful
telescopes to detect Earth-like planets beyond our solar system, for the
launch of a mission to directly observe subsurface oceans on Europa, and
for future missions to seek evidence of past or present life on Mars.
The Administration's request also includes a ``Living With a Star''
Initiative to develop better solar weather forecasting capabilities and
to better protect high-tech infrastructure from dangerous solar
phenomena. The Space Science program is responsible for agency-wide core
technology development, and funding is provided in this program to
enhance and enable future missions through the administration's
information technology (IT) initiative and other high-leverage
technologies. These technologies will increase the return of the Space
Science program and other NASA programs many fold through revolutionary
capabilities in the areas of networking, intelligent systems,
nanotechnology, communications, lightweight structures, miniaturization,
mobility, and propulsion for robotic spacecraft and rovers.
Development activities continue on the Relativity (Gravity Probe-B)
mission, which is now scheduled for launch in 2001. The Space Infrared
Telescope Facility (SIRTF) initiated development in April 1998, with
launch planned for December 2001. Development activities on the
Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)
mission continued in 1999, with launch planned in 2000. Development
activities on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
(SOFIA) continue. The upgraded Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is providing
new insights into our universe. Funding for HST continues to support
operations, as well as preparation for servicing mission 3B in 2001 and
servicing mission 4 in 2003.
In Explorer missions, development activities continue for the
Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) and Imager for Magnetosphere-to-Aurora
Global Exploration (IMAGE). MAP will be launched in November 2000, IMAGE
in February 2000. Two new MIDEX missions were selected in 1999: Full-sky
Astrometric Mapping Explorer (FAME) scheduled for launch in 2004, and
Swift, a multi-wavelength observatory for gamma-ray burst astronomy, to
be launched in 2003. Three Small (SMEX) missions continued development
in FY 1999: the High Energy Spectroscopic Imager (HESSI) is to launch in
2000; the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) will launch in 2001; and the
Two Wide-Angle Neutral Atom Spectrometers (TWINS) has been selected as a
mission of opportunity, to be launched in 2002 and 2004. These missions
emphasize reduced mission costs and accelerated launch schedules.
The Mars Global Surveyor entered Mars orbit in September 1997, the
Mars Climate Orbiter was launched in December 1998 and the Mars Polar
Lander was launched in January 1999. Unfortunately, the Orbiter was lost
while attempting to enter Mars orbit in September 1999, and the Lander
was lost during entry, descent and landing in December 1999. Funds are
requested for the development of future Mars missions to establish a
sustained presence at Mars that will increase the science return and
overall success of the Mars program. A review to be accomplished in 2000
will provide the plan for future launches.
In the Discovery program, the fourth mission, Stardust, was launched
on schedule in February 1999, and is operating normally during its
cruise to comet Wild-2, with the encounter scheduled for 2004. Two
Discovery missions selected in 1997 are proceeding on schedule: the
Comet Nucleus Tour (CONTOUR) will begin development in CY 2000 and will
be launched in 2002; the Genesis solar wind sample return mission has
begun development and will be launched in 2001. Two new missions were
selected for implementation during 1999: The MErcury Surface, Space
ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission to orbit
Mercury; and the Deep Impact mission to fly by and fire an impactor into
a comet. Both MESSENGER and Deep Impact are planned for launch in 2004.
The President's request supports a new class of Discovery micromissions
that will also be undertaken in 2001 to complement solar system explo
[[Page 1053]]
ration efforts with more frequent and varied research opportunities.
The Flight Validation program is providing flight demonstrations of
critical new technologies which will reduce the mass and cost of future
science and spacecraft subsystems, while maintaining or improving
mission capabilities. The Deep Space-1 mission was launched in October
1998, and has validated its technologies and completed its primary
mission, and is now in an extended mission. The Deep Space-2 mission
which was launched with the Mars Polar Lander in January 1999, and was
lost, along with the Lander, during entry, descent and landing on Mars
in December 1999. The Space Technology 4 mission was terminated during
1999 due to the need to fund higher priority programs within the Space
Science Enterprise. Also in 1999, NASA selected the Nanosat
Constellation Trailblazer as the Space Technology-5 Flight Validation
mission. This mission will feature three very small satellites (each
about the size of a large birthday cake), that will fly in formation and
test eight technologies in the harsh space environment near the boundary
of Earth's protective magnetic field. The Flight Validation program has
been restructured to enhance openness and competition as well as to
increase the number of opportunities for technologies to be flight-
validated. Funding for the restructured program has been increased.
Life and microgravity science.--This program uses the microgravity
environment of space to conduct basic and applied research to understand
the effect of gravity on living systems and to conduct research in the
areas of fluid physics, combustion science, fundamental physics,
materials science and biotechnology. In FY 1999, the program flew one
science mission (STS-95) on a Spacehab carrier with ISS precursor
science experiments. STS-95 included commercially sponsored research as
well as research on the effects of aging conducted in collaboration with
the National Institutes of Health's National Institute on Aging. FY 1999
has also seen the beginning of ISS assembly. In FY 2000, the Russian
Service Module will be launched, enabling permanent human presence
aboard the ISS. In FY 2001, the U.S. laboratory module for the ISS will
be launched, which will enable initial life and microgravity hardware
and experiments to be established aboard the ISS. This will begin a new
era of research. In FY 2001, the Administration introduces a
Bioastronautics Initiative to accelerate research and develop
countermeasures that will improve the health and safety of astronauts
aboard the International Space Station. Devices and countermeasures
developed through this initiative may also have many health benefits on
Earth. As assembly of the ISS continues to advance, ISS Crew Health Care
System (CHECS) components will be utilized to provide on-orbit medical,
environmental, and countermeasure capabilities for all ISS crew members.
In early FY 2001, prior to full research capabilities aboard the ISS,
the program will fly a dedicated Space Shuttle research mission which
will extend previous Space Shuttle research results and help the program
as well as the community prepare for increasing research operations on
the ISS.
Earth science.--The purpose of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise (ESE)
is to understand the total Earth system and the effects of natural and
human-induced changes on the global environment. ESE is pioneering the
new interdisciplinary field of research called Earth system science,
which recognizes that the Earth's land surface, oceans, atmosphere, ice
sheets and biota are both dynamic and highly interactive. Earth system
science is an area of research with the potential for immense benefit to
the nation, yielding new knowledge and tools for weather forecasting,
agriculture, urban and land use planning, and other areas of economic
and environmental importance. In concert with other agencies and the
global research community, ESE is providing the scientific foundation
needed for the complex policy choices that lie ahead on the road to
sustainable development. ESE has established three broad goals to
fulfill its purpose: (1) expand scientific knowledge of the Earth system
using NASA's unique capabilities from the vantage points of space,
aircraft and in situ platforms; (2) disseminate information about the
Earth system; and, (3) enable productive use of Earth science and
technology in the public and private sectors.
FY 1999 was a year of substantial scientific accomplishment in our
understanding of the major elements that comprise the Earth system. Over
the oceans, ESE had several accomplishments. ESE reduced the uncertainty
in global rainfall over the tropics by one half, helping improve
predictions for short-term weather and availability of fresh water
globally; produced near-daily ocean color maps that help us understand
the role of oceans in removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere;
documented the waxing and waning of El Nino, enabling seasonal climate
prediction; and resumed global measurement of winds at the ocean surface
to improve short-term weather prediction and tracking of major
hurricanes and tropical storms globally. Over the ice caps, researchers
determined the thinning and thickening rates for the Greenland ice
sheet; provided the first detailed radar mosaic for Antarctica; and
provided the daily observations of the Polar Regions from space.
Over the land, ESE produced the first satellite-derived assessments
of global forest cover, began refreshing the global archive of 30-meter
land cover data, and conducted an international field experiment in the
Amazonia to help understand the role of vegetation on Earth in removing
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In the solid Earth, ESE and the
United States Geological Survey (USGS) measured surface displacement,
which is a precursor to earthquakes. In the atmosphere, ESE continued to
measure concentrations of both ozone and ozone-depleting substances and
assess the recovery of upper ozone correlation and implemented a 17-year
data record of aerosols and cloud properties toward predicting annual to
decadal climate variations.
The Earth Observing System (EOS), the centerpiece of Earth Science,
is a program of multiple spacecraft, supporting technology and
interdisciplinary science investigations to provide a long-term data set
of key parameters needed to understand global climate change. The first
EOS satellite launches began in 1999 with the launches of Landsat-7,
Terra (formerly AM-1), and QuikSCAT. EOS PM-1 and Chemistry are on
schedule to launch in 2000 and 2002 respectively. Preceding the EOS are
a number of individual satellite and Shuttle-based missions which are
helping to reveal basic processes.
Complementing EOS, under the Earth Probes Program, will be a series
of small, rapid development Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP)
missions to study emerging science questions and to use innovative
measurement techniques in support of EOS. The first two ESSP missions,
Vegetation Canopy Lidar (VCL) and Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment (GRACE), are scheduled for launch in 2000 and 2001,
respectively. The second pair of ESSP missions, the Pathfinder
Instruments for Cloud and Aerosol Spaceborne Observations--Climatologie
Etendue des Nuages et des Aerosols (PICASSO-CENA) mission, and Cloudsat,
will be launched together in 2003.
Data from Earth Science missions, both current and future, will be
captured, processed into useful information, and broadly distributed by
the EOS Data Information System (EOSDIS). EOSDIS will ensure that data
from these diverse missions remain available in active archives for use
by current and future scientists. These data are expected to find uses
well beyond the Earth Science research community. Therefore, ESE is
engaging in a variety of public/private partnerships to extend the
utility of Earth science data to environmental decision-makers, resource
managers, commercial
[[Page 1054]]
firms, social scientists and the general academic community, educators,
state and local governments and others.
The ESE research and analysis program is essential to the discovery
of new concepts and to the design of future missions. ESE research is
coordinated through the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP),
the Committee on the Environment and Natural Resources (CENR) and its
Subcommittee on Global Change Research, and the various boards and
committees at the National Academy of Sciences.
Aero-space technology.--The mission of this Enterprise is to pioneer
the identification, development, verification, transfer, application,
and commercialization of high-payoff aerospace technologies. Through its
research and technology accomplishments, Aero-space technology promotes
economic growth and national security through a safe, efficient national
aviation system and affordable, reliable space transportation. To meet
this challenge, the Enterprise has established three pillar goals.
Within these three pillar goals, a set of ten objectives, each with its
own roadmap, has been defined to address current and future National
needs. The technologies associated with these objectives are pre-
competitive, long-term, high-risk research endeavors with high-payoff in
terms of market growth, safety, low acquisition cost, consumer
affordability and a cleaner environment. The goals of this Enterprise
directly support National policy in Aero-Space, documented in the 1999
National R&D Plan for Aviation Safety, Security, Efficiency, and
Environmental Compatibility and the 1994 National Space Transportation
Policy.
The first pillar, Global Civil Aviation, addresses the fundamental,
systemic issues in the aviation system to ensure continued growth and
development appropriate to the needs of the national and global
economies. These systemic issues--safety, capacity, environmental
compatibility, and affordability--cut across markets including large
subsonic civil transports, air cargo, commuter and general aviation, and
rotorcraft. The second pillar, Revolutionary Technology Leaps, will
revolutionize air travel and the way in which aircraft are designed,
built, and operated, and addresses the challenges in small aircraft,
short-haul transportation; supersonic, transoceanic transportation;
design tools, and experimental planes. The third pillar, Access to
Space, will enable greater commercial potential of space and the
expansion of space research and exploration by significantly reducing
the cost of space transportation systems while improving reliability,
operability, responsiveness, and safety.
A major restructuring and replanning of the Aero-Space Enterprise's
base R&T program was accomplished during 1999 to integrate the
Enterprise's existing space transportation and aeronautics base R&T
development programs into a single entity. There were several benefits
that accrued from this effort. First, the restructuring better aligned
the required technology development efforts with our core competencies
and brought the expertise resident in the Aeronautics Research Centers
to bear on the technological challenges associated with space
transportation. Second, the integration of space and aeronautics
development needs resulted in a synergistic technology development plan
that better utilized our resources, eliminated overlaps, and allowed
dual use, between the space transportation and aeronautics users, to be
planned up front rather than relying on serendipitous events.
The President's request for NASA increases investments in technology
development activities that will address the challenges (safety,
environmental impact, capacity, and space transportation costs) that
face the aero-space community.
The Administration's request supports the development of Smart Air
Transport System (SATS) technologies that could enable a revolution in
accessibility and mobility in America. The product of the SATS (Phase I)
Program will demonstrate the technological potential for transportation-
driven economic development throughout the nation.
The Administration's request also supports a Quiet Airplane
Technology program that will build upon the highly successful noise
reduction efforts that were begun in the Aero-Space Technology (AST)
enterprise and maintain progress toward meeting the enterprise's noise
reduction goal. The achievement of these goals will lead to an air
transportation system that contains objectionable aircraft noise within
airport boundaries.
By the end of the decade, NASA will conduct a competitive launch
services procurement to support the launch requirements of human
spaceflight operations--the 2nd Generation RLV Focused Program. The
objectives will be to dramatically improve safety while significantly
reducing the cost of such launch services, and to eliminate the current
need for the Government to own and operate the full system. The
President's request includes new funding through the Space Launch
Initiative to support this competition and fulfills a 1994 National
Space Transportation Policy guideline calling for government and private
sector decisions by 2000 on development of an operational, next-
generation reusable launch system.
As part of NASA's response to the national goal of reducing aircraft
accidents by a factor of 5 by 2001, NASA increased its safety base R&T
efforts in order to provide a foundation for a focused safety program
beginning in FY 2000. In 1999, the base R&T programs matured these
required safety related technologies to the point where they were
successfully transferred to the focused Aviation Safety Program (AvSP)
which begins in FY 2000. These technologies will provide the foundation
for focused safety development efforts in the future. They also will
result in some near term achievements. For example, in FY 1999, the
causes of controlled flight into terrain (responsible for 30% of fatal
accidents) were identified and 13 contracts issued via a NASA research
announcement (NRA) to develop and demonstrate approaches for fully
operational and certifiable synthetic vision and health management
systems. Also in FY 1999, the preparations for flight evaluation of a
crew-centered synthetic vision display were completed and a study
initiated to understand the applicability of synthetic vision to General
Aviation (GA) type aircraft was begun. In FY 2000, the AvSP program will
produce an icing training program for GA and commuter pilots, complete a
flight evaluation of an initial national capability for digital data
link and graphical display of weather information, and demonstrate a
concept for the integration of air traffic control runway incursion
information onto aircraft flight deck displays. In FY 2001, the AvSP
will complete a laboratory demonstration of a fuel system modification
to reduce flammability, define the architecture for an integrated
onboard health management system, and down-select synthetic vision
concepts suitable for retrofit in commercial, business, and general
aviation aircraft. The base R&T will continue to develop the
technologies that will contribute to the FY 2007 goal. For example, in
FY 2001, NASA will downselect ground-based remote sensor technologies
for a prototype ground-system to sense icing conditions and continue
work on a related computer.
NASA also continued its efforts to reduce the environmental impact
associated with aviation systems. In FY 1999, in partnership with
industry, a demonstration in an engine test rig of a low emission
combustor that produced a 50% reduction in oxides of nitrogen
(NOX) emissions was successfully demonstrated. The Ultra
Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) program will carry this effort
forward and demonstrate a system that achieves significant reductions in
NOX and carbon dioxide (COX) emissions in FY 2001.
The UEET is a new focused program that begins in FY 2000 and is planned
and designed
[[Page 1055]]
to develop high-payoff, high-risk technologies to enable the next
breakthroughs in propulsion systems to spawn a new generation of high
performance, operationally efficient and economical, reliable and
environmentally compatible U.S. aircraft.
Similarly with noise, in FY 1999, NASA validated an Aircraft Noise
Impact model and demonstrated that improved high-lift systems in
combination with advanced operational procedures have the potential to
reduce community impact by the equivalent of 2-4 db source noise
reduction. In 2000, NASA will validate the technologies required to
reduce community noise impact by up to 10 dB relative to 1992
technology.
In 1999, the Aviation System Capacity program conducted field
evaluation of an initial demonstration of Aircraft Vortex Spacing System
(AVOSS) technologies with transport of vortices and class-wise spacing
features that have the potential to reduce approach spacing standards.
In FY 2000, NASA will demonstrate all technologies in a realistic
Terminal Area environment achieving a 12-15% increase in single runway
throughput and proving the ability to space aircraft closer than 3,400
feet on parallel runways while meeting all Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) safety criteria. In FY 2001, NASA will demonstrate
transition airspace decision support tools for: (1) Air Traffic Control
(ATC)/airline operations center and ATC/cockpit information exchange,
and (2) conflict resolution.
Building on its world record setting performances, the Environmental
Research Aircraft and Sensor technology (ERAST) project in FY 1999
demonstrated a multistage turbocharged RPA to 60,000 feet for an 8 hour
duration. The Centurion solar-powered airplane, a vehicle with a
wingspan greater than 200 ft., completed initial low altitude evaluation
under battery power. The Centurion solar-powered RPA was modified to a
wingspan configuration of greater than 245 ft., named Helios and will
continue flight testing in FY 2000. This configuration will be more
suitable for extreme endurance as well as short flights to the 100,000
ft. altitude. In FY01, the Flight Research program will demonstrate a
solar powered RPA at 100,000 ft and complete development of a
heavyweight energy storage system under the ERAST project. Both
achievements will demonstrate technologies that will provide atmospheric
satellites for commercial use, disaster relief efforts such as
communication relays and real time sensing, and increase the Nation's
capability to make scientific sampling high in the atmosphere.
Also in FY 2000, NASA initiated a new project entitled Revolutionary
Concepts (REVCON) to accelerate the exploration of high-risk,
breakthrough technologies in order to enable revolutionary departures
from traditional approaches to air vehicle design. At the end of FY
1999, three concepts were accepted for inclusion in the REVCON program.
Flights of these vehicles will begin in FY 2001 or 2002. Also in FY
2001, NASA will issue the first NRA under REVCON to select the next set
of REVCON concepts.
Low-cost space transportation remains the key enabler for a more
aggressive civil space program. NASA's Integrated Space Transportation
Planning activities have identified a strategy based upon competition,
safety, industry leadership and a comprehensive systems approach to NASA
requirements. Funding supports aggressive technical risk reduction and
advanced development for multiple reusable launch vehicle concepts.
Identification and preliminary development of NASA unique systems and
near-term pursuit of alternative access for key space station needs are
also both critical elements of the Integrated Space Transportation Plan
(ISTP). All of these efforts combined will move NASA closer to a full
and open Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) competition in the 2005 timeframe
to meet NASA's human space flight needs by the end of the decade.
Under ISTP, the 2nd Generation RLV Focused Program continues to
develop, apply and demonstrate new technologies that significantly
advance the ability of the launch vehicle industry to initiate
commercially viable reusable launch systems.
The X-33 and X-34 have completed several major hardware fabrication
and test milestones. However, technical difficulties and program
replanning have delayed the flight testing of these advanced technology
demonstrators. The X-34 is now expected to fly in 2000. The X-33 flight
schedule is under review, following the failure of the composite liquid
hydrogen tanks during testing. The X-37 complements the X-33 and X-34
vehicles by investigating the orbit-to-Earth and orbital operations
regimes of the flight spectrum, and will begin flight tests in 2002.
The Commercial Technology Program's focus in FY 1999 was continued
investment of 10-20 percent of the NASA R&D budget in commercial
partnerships with industry. Based on experience to date, these
commercial partnerships are expected to increase the return on the
government's R&D investment, allowing NASA to do more with limited
funds, and strengthening the international competitiveness of key
industry sectors. In FY 2000 and 2001, the program will continue to
emphasize increasing commercial partnerships with industry and continue
to refine and expand a technology and partnership database.
Space operations.--The primary goal of space operations is to
provide highly reliable, cost-effective space operations services in
support of NASA's science and aeronautics programs. In addition, support
is provided to interagency, international, and commercial space-faring
enterprises on a reimbursable basis. The Space Communications Mission
and Data Services program is composed of Operations, Mission and Data
Service Upgrades, Tracking and Data Relay Satellite Replenishment, and
Technology Projects, as well as spectrum management and data standards
coordination. Services are provided to a large number of NASA Missions
including planetary, and interplanetary missions; human space flight
missions; near-earth and earth orbiting missions; and sub-orbital and
aeronautical flight tests. A Consolidated Space Operations (CSOC) was
successfully implemented by the Space Operations Management Office at
Johnson Space Center and Lockheed Martin Space Operations Company. The
CSOC provides end-to-end mission and data services to both NASA and non-
NASA customers. A total of nine contracts were consolidated at
inception, and four more have been consolidated in FY 2000 to date, with
two additional contracts to be consolidated in FY 2001. Management
responsibility for all Wide Area Network data distribution services for
all human space flight, earth orbiting and deep space missions and NASA
administrative communications was outsourced by CSOC in FY 2000.
Development of the TDRS Replenishment Spacecraft is ongoing, with the
first satellite scheduled for launch in FY 2000.
Academic programs.--The goal of this program is to promote
excellence in America's education system through enhancing and expanding
scientific and technological competence. NASA's education programs span
the elementary through graduate levels and are directed at both students
and faculty. The goal of the Minority University Research Program is to
expand opportunities for talented students from underrepresented groups
who are pursuing degrees in science and engineering and to strengthen
the research capabilities of minority universities and colleges. The
range of activities conducted under this program will continue to
capture the interest of all students in science and technology, develop
talented students at the undergraduate and graduate levels, provide
research opportunities for students and faculty members at NASA centers,
and strengthen and enhance the research capabilities of the Nation's
colleges and universities.
[[Page 1056]]
The 2002 budget estimates for this account is $5.9 billion.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0110-0-1-999 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct obligations:
22.0 Transportation of things........ 5 5 5
23.3 Communications, utilities, and
miscellaneous charges......... 54 52 55
24.0 Printing and reproduction....... 5 5 5
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 109 105 111
25.2 Other services.................. 772 743 787
25.3 Purchases of goods and services
from Government accounts...... 223 215 227
25.4 Operation and maintenance of
facilities.................... 264 254 269
25.5 Research and development
contracts..................... 3,132 3,016 3,194
25.7 Operation and maintenance of
equipment..................... 82 79 84
26.0 Supplies and materials.......... 210 202 214
31.0 Equipment....................... 101 97 103
32.0 Land and structures............. 24 23 24
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions................. 817 788 834
--------- --------- ----------
99.0 Subtotal, direct obligations.. 5,798 5,584 5,912
99.0 Reimbursable obligations.......... 574 606 549
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 6,372 6,190 6,461
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mission Support
For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, in carrying out
mission support for human space flight programs and science,
aeronautical, and technology programs, including research operations and
support; [space communications activities including operations,
production and services;] maintenance; construction of facilities
including [repair, rehabilitation,] revitalization and modification of
facilities, [minor] construction of new facilities and additions to
existing facilities, facility planning and design, environmental
compliance and restoration, and acquisition or condemnation of real
property, as authorized by law; program management; personnel and
related costs, including uniforms or allowances therefor, as authorized
by 5 U.S.C. 5901-5902; travel expenses; purchase, lease, charter,
maintenance, and operation of mission and administrative aircraft; not
to exceed [$35,000] $40,000 for official reception and representation
expenses; and purchase (not to exceed 33 for replacement only) and hire
of passenger motor vehicles, [$2,515,100,000] $2,584,000,000 to remain
available until September 30, [2001] 2002. (Departments of Veterans
Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2000.)
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0112-0-1-999 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
Direct program:
00.01 Safety, mission assurance,
engineering, and advanced
concepts...................... 39 43 47
00.02 Research and program management. 2,110 2,202 2,292
00.03 Construction of facilities...... 173 193 233
00.04 Space communication services.... 184 91 5
--------- --------- ----------
01.00 Total direct program............ 2,506 2,529 2,577
09.01 Reimbursable program.............. 97 127 132
--------- --------- ----------
10.00 Total new obligations........... 2,603 2,656 2,709
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance available,
start of year................... 85 86 69
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 2,597 2,639 2,716
22.10 Resources available from
recoveries of prior year
obligations..................... 7
--------- --------- ----------
23.90 Total budgetary resources
available for obligation...... 2,689 2,725 2,785
23.95 Total new obligations............. -2,603 -2,656 -2,709
24.40 Unobligated balance available, end
of year......................... 86 69 76
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 2,511 2,515 2,584
40.75 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
51............................ -11
40.76 Reduction pursuant to P.L. 106-
113........................... -3
--------- --------- ----------
43.00 Appropriation (total
discretionary).............. 2,500 2,512 2,584
Spending authority from offsetting
collections:
68.00 Offsetting collections (cash)... 122 127 132
68.10 From Federal sources: Change in
receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... -25
--------- --------- ----------
68.90 Spending authority from
offsetting collections
(total discretionary)....... 97 127 132
--------- --------- ----------
70.00 Total new budget authority
(gross)....................... 2,597 2,639 2,716
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
Unpaid obligations, start of year:
72.40 Obligated balance, start of year 487 586 594
72.95 From Federal sources:
Receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 66 41 41
--------- --------- ----------
72.99 Total unpaid obligations,
start of year............... 553 627 635
73.10 Total new obligations............. 2,603 2,656 2,709
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -2,517 -2,648 -2,685
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -5
73.45 Adjustments in unexpired accounts. -7
Unpaid obligations, end of year:
74.40 Obligated balance, end of year.. 586 594 618
74.95 From Federal sources:
Receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 41 41 41
--------- --------- ----------
74.99 Total unpaid obligations, end
of year..................... 627 635 659
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 2,011 2,134 2,197
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 506 514 488
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 2,517 2,648 2,685
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Offsets:
Against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (cash)
from:
88.40 Non-Federal sources........... -21 -14 -24
88.45 Offsetting governmental
collections from the public. -101 -113 -108
--------- --------- ----------
88.90 Total, offsetting
collections (cash)........ -122 -127 -132
Against gross budget authority only:
88.95 From Federal sources: Change in
receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 25
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 2,500 2,512 2,584
90.00 Outlays........................... 2,395 2,521 2,553
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary of Budget Authority and Outlays
(in millions of dollars)
1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
Enacted/requested:
Budget Authority.................. 2,500 2,512 2,584
Outlays........................... 2,395 2,521 2,553
Supplemental proposal:
Budget Authority.................. 20
Outlays........................... 16 3
------------------------------------
Total:
Budget Authority.................. 2,500 2,532 2,584
Outlays........................... 2,395 2,537 2,556
====================================
This appropriation provides funding for mission support and
includes: safety, mission assurance, engineering and advanced concepts
activities supporting agency programs; salaries and related expenses in
support of research in NASA field installations; design, repair,
rehabilitation and modification of institutional facilities and
construction of new institutional facilities; and other operations
activities supporting conduct of agency programs.
Performance Objectives
Safety, mission assurance, engineering, and advanced concepts.--The
goal of this program is to invest in the safety and success of NASA
missions by assuring that sound and robust policies, processes, and
tools for safety, reliability,
[[Page 1057]]
quality assurance, and engineering disciplines are in place and applied
throughout NASA. The program also examines long-term technology
requirements for NASA's strategic objectives.
Research and program management.--This activity provides for the
salaries, travel support, other personnel expenses of the entire NASA
civil service workforce, and includes vital support to the physical
plant at the Centers and at NASA Headquarters.
Construction of facilities.--This activity provides for facility
construction activities to preserve NASA's infrastructure; environmental
compliance and restoration activities, design of facilities projects,
and advanced planning related to future facilities needs. In 1999-2001,
activities in support of construction projects to repair and modernize
the basic infrastructure and institutional facilities at NASA centers
will continue, as well as activities in support of environmental
compliance and restoration requirements.
The 2002 budget estimate for this account is $2.6 billion.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0112-0-1-999 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent........... 1,201 1,264 1,343
11.3 Other than full-time permanent 28 21 25
11.5 Other personnel compensation.. 28 27 37
11.8 Special personal services
payments.................... 11 12 14
--------- --------- ----------
11.9 Total personnel compensation 1,268 1,324 1,419
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits..... 270 276 314
13.0 Benefits for former personnel... 11 10
21.0 Travel and transportation of
persons....................... 48 52 53
22.0 Transportation of things........ 5 5 5
23.1 Rental payments to GSA.......... 15 14 13
23.3 Communications, utilities, and
miscellaneous charges......... 33 31 29
24.0 Printing and reproduction....... 6 6 5
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 6 6 5
25.2 Other services.................. 224 214 195
25.3 Purchases of goods and services
from Government accounts...... 26 25 23
25.4 Operation and maintenance of
facilities.................... 139 133 121
25.5 Research and development
contracts..................... 129 123 112
25.6 Medical care.................... 6 6 5
25.7 Operation and maintenance of
equipment..................... 90 86 78
26.0 Supplies and materials.......... 36 34 31
31.0 Equipment....................... 46 43 40
32.0 Land and structures............. 144 137 125
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and
contributions................. 4 4 4
--------- --------- ----------
99.0 Subtotal, direct obligations.. 2,506 2,529 2,577
99.0 Reimbursable obligations.......... 97 127 132
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 2,603 2,656 2,709
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Personnel Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0112-0-1-999 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direct:
1001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 18,178 18,031 18,641
Reimbursable:
2001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 100 100 100
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Research and Development
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0108-0-1-999 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Spending authority from offsetting
collections:
Discretionary:
68.00 Offsetting collections (cash). 10 19
68.10 From Federal sources: Change
in receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............. -10 -19
--------- --------- ----------
68.90 Spending authority from
offsetting collections
(total discretionary).....
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
Unpaid obligations, start of year:
72.40 Obligated balance, start of year 51 29
72.95 From Federal sources:
Receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 29 19
--------- --------- ----------
72.99 Total unpaid obligations,
start of year............... 80 48
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -28 -48
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -4
Unpaid obligations, end of year:
74.40 Obligated balance, end of year.. 29
74.95 From Federal sources:
Receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 19
--------- --------- ----------
74.99 Total unpaid obligations, end
of year..................... 48
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 28 48
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Offsets:
Against gross budget authority and outlays:
88.45 Offsetting collections (cash)
from: Offsetting governmental
collections from the public... -10 -19
Against gross budget authority only:
88.95 From Federal sources: Change in
receivables and unpaid,
unfilled orders............... 10 19
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority..................
90.00 Outlays........................... 18 29
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since FY 1995 NASA's Research and Development activities have been
performed in Human Space Flight; Science, Aeronautics and Technology;
and Mission Support. This account shows spending from balances prior to
the account restructuring.
Space Flight, Control and Data Communications
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0105-0-1-252 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
72.40 Unpaid obligations, start of year:
Obligated balance, start of year 20 14 2
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -2 -12 -2
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -4
74.40 Unpaid obligations, end of year:
Obligated balance, end of year.. 14 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 2 12 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority..................
90.00 Outlays........................... 2 12 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since FY 1995 NASA's Space Flight, Control and Data Communications
activities have been performed in Human Space Flight; Science,
Aeronautics and Technology; and Mission Support. This account shows
spending from balances prior to the account restructuring.
Construction of Facilities
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0107-0-1-999 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
00.01 Supporting activity............... 7 13
00.02 Space transportation.............. 5
00.04 Aeronautical research and
technology...................... 4
--------- --------- ----------
10.00 Total new obligations........... 16 13
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[[Page 1058]]
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
21.40 Unobligated balance available,
start of year................... 29 13
23.95 Total new obligations............. -16 -13
24.40 Unobligated balance available, end
of year......................... 13
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
72.40 Unpaid obligations, start of year:
Obligated balance, start of year 30 18 6
73.10 Total new obligations............. 16 13
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -27 -25 -6
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -1
74.40 Unpaid obligations, end of year:
Obligated balance, end of year.. 18 6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 27 25 6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority..................
90.00 Outlays........................... 26 25 6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since FY 1995 NASA's Construction of Facilities activities have been
performed in Human Space Flight; Science, Aeronautics and Technology;
and Mission Support. This account shows spending from balances prior to
the account restructuring.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0107-0-1-999 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
25.2 Other services.................... 1 1
32.0 Land and structures............... 15 12
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 16 13
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Research and Program Management
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0103-0-1-999 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
72.40 Unpaid obligations, start of year:
Obligated balance, start of year 1
73.40 Adjustments in expired accounts
(net)........................... -1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority..................
90.00 Outlays...........................
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Since FY 1995 NASA's Research and Program Management activities have
been performed in Mission Support. This account shows spending from
balances prior to the account restructuring.
Office of Inspector General
For necessary expenses of the Office of Inspector General in
carrying out the Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended,
[$20,000,000] $22,000,000. (Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing
and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act,
2000.)
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0109-0-1-252 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
10.00 Total new obligations............. 20 20 22
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 20 20 22
23.95 Total new obligations............. -20 -20 -22
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Discretionary:
40.00 Appropriation................... 20 20 22
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
72.40 Unpaid obligations, start of year:
Obligated balance, start of year 2 3 5
73.10 Total new obligations............. 20 20 22
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -19 -20 -21
74.40 Unpaid obligations, end of year:
Obligated balance, end of year.. 3 5 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.90 Outlays from new discretionary
authority....................... 18 18 19
86.93 Outlays from discretionary
balances........................ 1 2 2
--------- --------- ----------
87.00 Total outlays (gross)........... 19 20 21
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 20 20 22
90.00 Outlays........................... 19 20 21
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The mission of the Office of Inspector General is to conduct audits
and investigations of agency activities. The Inspector General keeps the
Administrator informed of problems and deficiencies in agency programs
and operations.
The 2002 budget estimate for this account is $22 million.
Object Classification (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0109-0-1-252 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.1 Personnel compensation: Full-time
permanent....................... 15 16 17
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits....... 3 3 3
21.0 Travel and transportation of
persons......................... 1 1 2
25.2 Other services.................... 1
--------- --------- ----------
99.9 Total new obligations........... 20 20 22
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Personnel Summary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-0109-0-1-252 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1001 Total compensable workyears: Full-
time equivalent employment...... 191 210 213
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trust Funds
Science, Space, and Technology Education Trust Fund
Unavailable Collections (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-8978-0-7-503 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, start of year:
01.99 Balance, start of year............ 18 15 15
Receipts:
02.01 Earnings on investments; Science,
Space and Technology Education,
Trust Fund...................... -2 1 1
--------- --------- ----------
04.00 Total: Balances and collections... 16 16 16
Appropriation:
05.01 Science, space, and technology
education trust fund............ -1 -1 -1
--------- --------- ----------
07.99 Total balance, end of year........ 15 15 15
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identification code 80-8978-0-7-503 1999 actual 2000 est. 2001 est.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligations by program activity:
10.00 Total new obligations (object
class 41.0)..................... 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Budgetary resources available for obligation:
22.00 New budget authority (gross)...... 1 1 1
23.95 Total new obligations............. -1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 1059]]
New budget authority (gross), detail:
Mandatory:
60.27 Appropriation (trust fund,
indefinite)................... 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in unpaid obligations:
73.10 Total new obligations............. 1
73.20 Total outlays (gross)............. -1 -1 -1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outlays (gross), detail:
86.97 Outlays from new mandatory
authority....................... 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net budget authority and outlays:
89.00 Budget authority.................. 1 1 1
90.00 Outlays........................... 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
92.01 Total investments, start of year:
U.S. securities: Par value...... 17 13 17
92.02 Total investments, end of year:
U.S. securities: Par value...... 13 17 17
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Administrative Provisions
Notwithstanding the limitation on the availability of funds
appropriated for ``Human space flight'', ``Science, aeronautics and
technology'', or ``Mission support'' by this appropriations Act, when
any activity has been initiated by the incurrence of obligations for
construction of facilities as authorized by law, such amount available
for such activity shall remain available until expended. This provision
does not apply to the amounts appropriated in ``Mission support''
pursuant to the authorization for [repair, rehabilitation and
modification of facilities,] minor revitalization and construction of
[new facilities and additions to existing] facilities, and facility
planning and design.
Notwithstanding the limitation on the availability of funds
appropriated for ``Human space flight'', ``Science, aeronautics and
technology'', or ``Mission support'' by this appropriations Act, the
amounts appropriated for construction of facilities shall remain
available until September 30, [2002] 2003.
Notwithstanding the limitation on the availability of funds
appropriated for ``Mission support'' and ``Office of Inspector
General'', amounts made available by this Act for personnel and related
costs and travel expenses of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration shall remain available until September 30, [2000] 2001
and may be used to enter into contracts for training, investigations,
costs associated with personnel relocation, and for other services, to
be provided during the next fiscal year. Funds for announced prizes
otherwise authorized shall remain available, without fiscal year
limitation, until the prize is claimed or the offer is withdrawn.
[Unless otherwise provided for in this Act or in the joint
explanatory statement of the committee of conference accompanying this
Act, no part of the funds appropriated for ``Human space flight'' may be
used for the development of the International Space Station in excess of
the amounts set forth in the budget estimates submitted as part of the
budget request for fiscal year 2000.] (Departments of Veterans Affairs
and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies
Appropriations Act, 2000.)