[Analytical Perspectives]
[Special Analyses and Presentations]
[9. Aid to State and Local Governments]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]



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               9.  AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS \1\
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  \1\ Federal aid to State and local governments is defined as the 
provision of resources by the Federal Government to support a State or 
local program of governmental service to the public. The three primary 
forms of aid are grants, loans, and tax expenditures.
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  State and local governments have a vital constitutional responsibility 
to provide government services. They have the major role in providing 
domestic public services, such as public education, law enforcement, 
roads, water supply, and sewage treatment. The Federal Government 
contributes to that role both by promoting a healthy economy and by 
providing grants, loans, and tax subsidies to State and local 
governments.
  Federal grants help State and local governments finance programs 
covering most areas of domestic public spending, including income 
support, infrastructure, education, and social services. Federal grant 
outlays were $246.1 billion in 1998 and are estimated to increase to 
$262.2 billion in 1999 and $283.5 billion in 2000.
  Grant outlays for payments for individuals, such as Medicaid, are 
estimated to be 62 percent of total grants in 2000; for physical capital 
investment, 17 percent; and for all other purposes, largely education, 
training, and social services, 21 percent.
  Federal aid to State and local governments is also provided through 
tax expenditures. Tax expenditures are revenue losses due to 
preferential provisions of the Federal tax laws, such as special 
exclusions, exemptions, deductions, credits, deferrals, or tax rates.
  The two major tax expenditures benefiting State and local governments 
are the deductibility of personal income and property taxes from gross 
income for Federal income tax purposes, and the exclusion of interest on 
State and local securities from Federal taxation. These provisions, on 
an outlay equivalent basis, are estimated to be $73.4 billion in 1999 
and $76.9 billion in 2000. A detailed discussion of the measurement and 
definition of tax expenditures and a complete list of the amount of 
specific tax expenditures are in Chapter 5, ``Tax Expenditures.'' As 
discussed in that chapter, there are generally interactions among tax 
expenditure provisions, so that the estimates above only approximate the 
aggregate effect of these provisions.
  Tax expenditures that especially aid State and local governments are 
displayed separately at the end of Table 5-5 in that chapter.

               Table 9-1.  FEDERAL GRANT OUTLAYS BY AGENCY
                        (In billions of dollars)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Estimate
                    Agency                       1998  -----------------
                                                actual    1999     2000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Department of Agriculture....................     18.5     19.4     19.6
Department of Commerce.......................      0.5      0.5      0.6
Department of Education......................     18.1     18.7     21.4
Department of Energy.........................      0.2      0.2      0.2
Department of Health and Human Services......    138.8    149.1    160.2
Department of Housing and Urban Development..     24.3     23.5     24.6
Department of the Interior...................      1.9      2.3      2.2
Department of Justice........................      3.5      3.6      5.5
Department of Labor..........................      7.2      8.5      9.3
Department of Transportation.................     26.1     29.1     31.6
Department of the Treasury...................      0.4      0.4      0.4
Department of Veterans Affairs...............      0.3      0.3      0.4
Environmental Protection Agency..............      2.7      3.0      3.4
Federal Emergency Management Agency..........      1.9      2.3      2.5
Other agencies...............................      1.7      1.5      1.4
                                              --------------------------
Total........................................    246.1    262.2    283.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Table 9-1 shows the distribution of grants by agency. Grant outlays 
for the Department of Health and Human Services are estimated to be 
$160.2 billion in 2000, 57 percent of total grants, more than five times 
as much as any other agency.

                  HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FEDERAL AID PROGRAM

  Major proposals in this budget affect Federal aid to State and local 
governments and the important relationships between the levels of 
government. Through the use of grants, the Federal government can share 
with State and local governments the cost and, ultimately, the benefits 
of a better educated, healthier, and safer citizenry. The Administration 
is committed to a Federal system that is more efficient and effective 
and to improving the design and administration of Federal grants.


  This budget continues the Administration's commitment to giving State 
and local governments increased flexibility. Through the use of grants, 
Federal agencies can create partnerships with State and local 
governments that focus on joint goals and the progress made toward 
meeting them.
  In addition, this budget proposes several initiatives to increase 
access to health care, to increase child care assistance for low-income 
families, to help States recruit new teachers and reduce class sizes, to 
encourage economic re-vitalization, and to protect the environment and 
encourage ``smart-growth.'' Additional information

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on these and other proposals can be found in the main budget volume.
  Medicaid.--Medicaid is the largest grant program. Outlays for Medicaid 
are projected to be $114.7 billion in 2000. The Administration proposes 
to give States the option of expanding Medicaid eligibility for people 
who need nursing home care but choose to live in the community. Capital 
grants would be available for the conversion of elderly housing projects 
to assisted living facilities where States agree to provide new Medicaid 
home and community based services at those facilities. The budget also 
proposes to give States increased flexibility to set higher income and 
resource standards for people with disabilities, and to adopt more 
generous income and resource standards to cover individuals who no 
longer meet disability criteria because of medical improvement. The 
Administration would also restore Medicaid eligibility to three 
vulnerable groups of legal immigrants: children, pregnant women, and the 
disabled. The budget also would enable States to incrase spending 
outreach to eligible children.
  Other health.--The Children's Health Insurance Program, with projected 
grant budget authority of $4.2 billion in 2000, extends health insurance 
coverage to as many as 5 million uninsured children. The budget seeks to 
expand coverage to qualified legal immigrant children who entered the 
United States after the enactment of welfare reform. In addition, $144 
million in increased funding for Puerto Rico and the other four 
territories is requested.
  Energy.--The budget includes $191 million in budget authority for 
energy conservation grants to States, the same as requested in 1999. Of 
this amount, $154 million is for the Weatherization Assistance Program, 
which will help to weatherize about 77,000 low-income homes. The 
remaining $37 million is for the State Energy Program, which assists 
States in suporting innovative energy conservation projects and energy 
efficient improvements to State and municipal buildings.
  Education.--The budget includes $7.9 billion in outlays for Title I 
grants to school districts to help them provide educational services to 
over 12 million children in poor communities. Title I provides funds to 
raise the educational achievement of disadvantaged children. The budget 
proposes $5.3 billion for Head Start in 2000. The funding would add 35 
thousand pre-school slots and 7,000 Early Head Start slots in 2000 to 
the 835,000 low income children who will be served by Head Start in 
1999.
  The budget would also provide $1.4 billion to help schools recruit, 
hire and train 100,000 new teachers by 2005 and reduce class size to an 
average of 18 students in the early grades.
  Training.--The budget proposes $1.6 billion to fund the dislocated 
worker assistance program to provide readjustment services, job search 
assistance, training, and other services to help dislocated workers, 
including those displaced by trade and related causes, find new jobs as 
quickly as possible.
  Welfare-to-work.--To help reach the Temporary Assistance for Needy 
Families program's employment goal for the most severely disadvantaged 
welfare recipients, the budget includes $1.0 billion in budet authority 
for 2000 to continue the program, and to provide non-custodial parents 
of children on welfare the work and employment services they need to 
help them contribute to the support of their children.
  Transportation.--The budget includes more than $31.6 billion in 
outlays for transportation grants to States and local governments in 
2000. Of this amount, grants to maintain and improve surface 
transportation infrastructure include $25.8 billion in outlays for 
highways and $4.0 billion in outlays for mass transit. In addition $1.8 
billion in outlays are proposed for grants to improve the Nation's 
airports.
  Agriculture.--The budget includes $30 million in mandatory grants to 
State universities and other agricultural research entities through the 
Fund for Rural America (an additional $30 million from the Fund will be 
available for rural development programs). Research, extension and 
education grants are provided to improve international competitiveness 
and profitability of producers, reduce economic and health risks, 
develop new crops, and preserve plant and animal germ-plasm.
  Community and regional development.--The budget proposes additional 
funding for the new Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities (EZ/
ECs) announced in January 1999. The additional funding would be used to 
stimulate the public-private partnerships needed for large scale job 
creation. Funding for several mandatory initiatives is proposed for 
2000: $105 million for urban Empowerment Zones; $45 million for 
Strategic Planning Communities; $10 million for rural Empowerment Zones; 
and $5 million for rural Enterprise Communities.
  The budget also includes $10 million for the Department of Housing and 
Urban Development's Planning/Implementation Grants and $10 million for 
technical assistance to urban EZ/ECs. The original EZ/ECs have already 
proven successful in leveraging private sector funds and promoting 
economic opportunity and community-wide revitalization. In addition, the 
Brownfields Redevelopment Initiative would be extended to allow cities 
to clean up polluted sites, returning them to productive uses that 
create jobs and address the economic development needs of communities in 
and around those sites.
  The budget includes a new Department of Agriculture program to provide 
$5 million for partnership technical assistance grants to help rural 
communities develop comprehensive strategies for revitalization and 
better coordinate Federal assistance.
  Rural development.--The Administration proposes to give States, 
localities, and tribes more flexibility in how they use the Department 
of Agriculture's (USDA) Rural Development grants and loans for 
businesses, water and wastewater facilities, and community facilities 
such as day care centers and health clinics. The 1996 Farm Bill 
authorized this approach through a new Rural

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Community Assistance Program (RCAP), combining 12 separate USDA programs 
into a Performance Partnership that can tailor assistance to the unique 
economic development needs of each rural community. The budget proposes 
$3.0 billion in loans and grants for RCAP, 9 percent more than in 1999, 
and the full flexibility that the 1996 Farm Bill envisioned.
  Environment.--The budget proposes $825 million in capitalization 
grants for Drinking Water State Revolving Funds (SRFs), which make low-
interest loans to help municipalities meet the requirements of the Safe 
Drinking Water Act Amendments. These funds help ensure that Americans 
have safe, clean, drinking water. In addition, $800 million in 
capitalization grants are proposed for Clean Water SRFs to help 
municipalities reduce beach closure and keep waterways safe and clean. 
The budget also includes $200 million for the Clean Air Partnership 
Fund, which would finance demonstration projects that achieve early air 
pollution and greenhouse gas emission reductions.
  In addition, the budget includes a new $200 million program to provide 
grants to States, tribes, and localities, to acquire lands and easements 
in support of the Lands Legacy Initiative, including open space, 
wildlife habitat, urban parks, outdoor recreation, greenways, and 
coastal wetlands. The Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) State 
grants program, which has not been funded since 1995, would be re-
engineered for the next century as a tool for smart growth and open 
space preservation. It would include a new State planning grants program 
and be designed to work with the Department of Housing and Urban 
Development's ``Regional Connections'' proposal. The program would be 
administered by the Interior Department, which would award competitive 
matching grants.
  The budget also includes $100 million in budget authority for the new 
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery fund to help share the costs of state, 
tribal and local initiatives to recover coastal salmon runs in 
Washington, Oregon, California and Alaska. The fund will be administered 
through Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and 
will make grants that match non-Federal contributions dollar for dollar.

                         HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

  In recent decades, Federal aid to State and local governments has 
become a major factor in the financing of certain government functions. 
The rudiments of the present system date back to the Civil War. The 
Morrill Act, passed in 1862, established the land grant colleges and 
instituted certain federally-required standards for States that received 
the grants, as is characteristic of the present grant programs. Federal 
aid was later initiated for agriculture, highways, vocational education 
and rehabilitation, forestry, and public health. In the depression 
years, Federal aid was extended to meet income security and other social 
welfare needs. However, Federal grants did not become a significant 
factor in Federal Government expenditures until after World War II.
  Table 9-2 displays trends in Federal grants to State and local 
governments since 1960. Section A shows Federal grants by function. 
Functions with a substantial amount of grants are shown separately. 
Grants for the national defense, energy, and the veterans benefits and 
services functions are combined in the ``other functions'' line in the 
table.
  Federal grants for transportation increased to $3.0 billion, or 43 
percent of all Federal grants, in 1960 after initiation of aid to States 
to build the Interstate Highway System in the late 1950s.
  By 1970 there had been significant increases in the relative amounts 
for education, training, employment, social services, and health 
(largely Medicaid).
  In the early and mid-1970s, major new grants were created for natural 
resources and environment (construction of sewage treatment plants), 
community and regional development (community development block grants), 
and general government (general revenue sharing).
  Since the late 1970s changes in the relative amounts among functions 
reflect steady growth of grants for health (Medicaid) and income 
security and restraint in most other areas. The functions with the 
largest amount of grants are health; income security; education, 
training, employment, and social services; and transportation, with 
combined estimated grant outlays of $260 billion or 92 percent of 
estimated total grant outlays in 2000.
  An increase in funding for grants overall since 1990 has been driven 
by increases in grants for health, which increased by more than 175 
percent from $43.9 billion in 1990 to an estimated $121.8 billion in 
2000. The income security; education, training, employment, and social 
services; and transportation functions also increased substantially, but 
at a slower rate than the increase for health.
  Section B of the Table shows the distribution of grants divided into 
mandatory and discretionary spending.
  Funding for grant programs classified as mandatory occurs in 
authorizing legislation. Funding levels for mandatory programs can only 
be changed by changing eligibility criteria or benefit formulas 
established in law and are not subject to the annual appropriations 
process. Outlays for mandatory grant programs are estimated to be $167.6 
billion in 2000. The three largest mandatory grant programs are 
Medicaid, with estimated outlays of $114.7 billion in 2000, Temporary 
Assistance to Needy Families, $14.1 billion in 2000, and Food Stamp 
grants for State administration and Child nutrition programs, with 
combined outlays of $12.7 billion in 2000.
  The funding level for discretionary grant programs is subject to 
approval by Congress annually through 

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                                                               Table 9-2.  TRENDS IN FEDERAL GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
                                                                              (Outlays; dollar amounts in billions)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                        Actual                                                                 Estimate
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   1960     1965     1970     1975     1980     1985      1990      1995      1998      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003      2004
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. Distribution of grants by function:
  Natural resources and environment............      0.1      0.2      0.4      2.4      5.4       4.1       3.7       4.1       3.8       4.3       4.8       5.2       4.9       4.9       4.9
  Agriculture..................................      0.2      0.5      0.6      0.4      0.6       2.4       1.3       0.8       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.7
  Transportation...............................      3.0      4.1      4.6      5.9     13.0      17.0      19.2      25.8      26.1      29.1      31.6      33.9      34.3      35.2      36.2
  Community and regional development...........      0.1      0.6      1.8      2.8      6.5       5.2       5.0       7.2       7.7       8.7       8.8       8.5       8.0       7.8       7.6
  Education, training, employment, and social
   services....................................      0.5      1.1      6.4     12.1     21.9      17.8      23.4      34.1      36.5      38.9      43.8      45.9      46.0      46.3      47.0
  Health.......................................      0.2      0.6      3.8      8.8     15.8      24.5      43.9      93.6     105.8     114.8     121.8     131.0     140.7     151.6     163.1
  Income security..............................      2.6      3.5      5.8      9.4     18.5      27.2      35.2      55.1      58.9      59.0      63.3      66.8      68.5      70.1      72.2
  General government...........................      0.2      0.2      0.5      7.1      8.6       6.8       2.3       2.2       2.2       2.0       1.9       1.9       1.9       1.9       2.0
  Justice......................................      0.0      0.0      0.0      0.7      0.5       0.1       0.6       1.2       3.7       3.8       5.8       6.0       4.3       4.2       4.2
  Other........................................      0.0      0.1      0.1      0.2      0.7       0.8       0.8       0.8       0.7       0.8       0.9       0.9       0.9       0.9       0.9
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total......................................      7.0     10.9     24.1     49.8     91.4     105.9     135.3     225.0     246.1     262.2     283.5     300.7     310.3     323.6     338.8
 
B. Distribution of Grants by BEA Category:
  Discretionary................................       NA      2.9     10.2     21.0     53.3      55.5      63.3      94.0     101.2     105.3     115.9     122.0     119.7     119.9     120.3
  Mandatory....................................       NA      8.0     13.9     28.8     38.1      50.4      72.0     131.0     144.9     156.9     167.6     178.7     190.6     203.7     218.5
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total......................................      7.0     10.9     24.1     49.8     91.4     105.9     135.3     225.0     246.1     262.2     283.5     300.7     310.3     323.6     338.8
 
C. Composition:
  Current dollars:
    Payments for individuals \1\...............      2.5      3.7      8.7     16.8     32.6      49.3      75.7     141.2     155.9     164.2     174.9     186.2     197.4     209.9     223.4
    Physical capital \1\.......................      3.3      5.0      7.1     10.9     22.6      24.9      27.2      39.6      41.1      44.9      48.4      51.6      52.2      53.1      54.1
    Other grants...............................      1.2      2.2      8.3     22.2     36.2      31.6      32.5      44.2      49.1      53.0      60.2      62.9      60.7      60.6      61.2
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total......................................      7.0     10.9     24.1     49.8     91.4     105.9     135.3     225.0     246.1     262.2     283.5     300.7     310.3     323.6     338.8
 
  Percentage of total grants:
    Payments for individuals \1\...............      35%      34%      36%      34%      36%       47%       56%       63%       63%       63%       62%       62%       64%       65%       66%
    Physical capital \1\.......................      47%      46%      29%      22%      25%       24%       20%       18%       17%       17%       17%       17%       17%       16%       16%
    Other grants...............................      17%      20%      34%      45%      40%       30%       24%       20%       20%       20%       21%       21%       20%       19%       18%
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total......................................     100%     100%     100%     100%     100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%
 
  Constant (FY 1992) dollars:
    Payments for individuals \1\...............     10.7     15.1     30.0     43.0     56.7      65.2      81.9     130.8     136.5     141.1     146.9     152.9     158.5     164.7     171.4
    Physical capital \1\.......................     15.0     21.3     23.8     22.3     33.6      29.5      28.0      36.7      36.0      38.7      40.8      42.4      41.9      41.7      41.4
    Other grants...............................      7.7     11.9     33.1     61.3     65.4      40.9      34.9      40.9      42.7      45.3      50.3      51.4      48.4      47.2      46.5
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total......................................     33.4     48.2     86.9    126.6    155.7     135.6     144.7     208.5     215.2     225.2     238.0     246.7     248.8     253.6     259.4
 
D. Total grants as a percent of:
  Federal outlays:
    Total......................................       8%       9%      12%      15%      15%       11%       11%       15%       15%       15%       16%       17%       17%       17%       17%
    Domestic programs \2\......................      18%      18%      23%      22%      22%       18%       17%       22%       21%       21%       22%       22%       23%       23%       23%
  State and local expenditures.................      19%      20%      24%      27%      31%       25%       21%       25%       25%        NA        NA        NA        NA        NA        NA
  Gross domestic product.......................       1%       2%       2%       3%       3%        3%        2%        3%        3%        3%        3%        3%        3%        3%        3%
 
E. As a share of total State and local capital
 spending:
    Federal capital grants.....................      25%      26%      26%      26%      36%       31%       23%       27%       23%        NA        NA        NA        NA        NA        NA
    State and local source financing...........      75%      74%      74%      74%      64%       69%       77%       73%       77%        NA        NA        NA        NA        NA        NA
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total......................................     100%     100%     100%     100%     100%      100%      100%      100%      100%        NA        NA        NA        NA        NA        NA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NA = Not available.
 
* 0.5 percent or less.
 
\1\ Grants that are both payments for individuals and capital investment are shown under capital investment.
 
\2\ Excludes national defense, international affairs, net interest, and undistributed offsetting receipts

appropriations acts. Outlays for discretionary grant programs are 
estimated to be $115.9 billion in 2000. The three largest discretionary 
grant programs are Federal-aid for highways ($23.6 billion in 2000), 
education for the disadvantaged ($7.9 billion in 2000), and Head Start 
and other children and family services programs ($8.6 billion in 2000). 
Table 9-3. ``Federal Grants To State And Local Governments'' at the end 
of this chapter identifies discretionary and mandatory grant programs 
separately. For more information on the Budget Enforcement Act and these 
categories, see Chapter 23. ``Budget System and Concepts and Glossary'' 
in this volume.
  Section C of the Table shows the composition of grants divided into 
three major categories: payments for individuals, grants for physical 
capital, and other

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grants. \2\ Grant outlays for payments for individuals, which are mainly 
entitlement programs in which the Federal Government and the States 
share the costs, have grown significantly as a percent of total grants. 
They increased from 36 percent of the total in 1980 to 63 percent of the 
total in 1995. While payments for individuals will comprise 62 percent 
of grants in 2000, they are estimated to continue to increase, making up 
an estimated 66 percent of the total by 2004.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  \2\ Certain housing grants are classified in the budget as both 
payments for individuals and physical capital spending. In the text and 
tables in this section, these grants are included in the category for 
physical capital spending.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  These grants are distributed through State or local governments to 
provide cash or in-kind benefits that constitute income transfers to 
individuals or families. The major grant in this category is Medicaid, 
which had outlays of $101.2 billion in 1998, increasing to $114.7 
billion in 2000. Welfare payments to States (Aid To Families with 
Dependent Children (Pre 1997) and Temporary Assistance for Needy 
Families), child nutrition programs, and housing assistance are also 
large grants in this category.
  Grants for physical capital assist States and localities with 
construction and other physical capital activities. The major capital 
grants are for highways, but there are also grants for airports, mass 
transit, sewage treatment plant construction, community development, and 
other facilities. Grants for physical capital were almost half of total 
grants in 1960, shortly after grants began for construction of the 
Interstate Highway System. The relative share of these outlays has 
declined, as payments for individuals have grown. In 2000, grants for 
physical capital are estimated to be 17 percent of total grants.
  The other grants are primarily for education, training, employment, 
and social services. These grants increased to 45 percent of total 
grants by 1975, and are projected to be 21 percent of total grants in 
2000.
  Section C of Table 9-2 also shows these three categories in constant 
dollars. In constant 1992 dollars, total grants increase from $144.7 
billion in 1990 to an estimated $238.0 billion in 2000, an average 
annual increase of 5.1 percent. Grants for payments to individuals 
increase from $81.9 billion in 1990 to an estimated $146.9 billion in 
2000, an average annual increase of 6.0 percent; grants for physical 
capital increase from $28.0 billion in 1990 to an estimated $40.8 
billion in 2000, an average annual increase of 3.8 percent, and other 
grants increased from $34.9 billion in 1990 to an estimated $50.3 
billion in 2000, an average annual increase of 3.7 percent.
  The real growth in grants during the 1990s is in contrast to the 
1980s. During the period between 1980 and 1990, outlays for grants in 
constant 1992 dollars actually decreased from $155.7 billion in 1980 to 
$144.7 billion in 1990.
  Section D of this table shows grants as a percentage of Federal 
outlays, State and local expenditures, and gross domestic product. 
Grants have increased as a percentage of total Federal outlays from 11 
percent in 1990 to an estimated 16 percent in 2000. Grants as a 
percentage of domestic spending are estimated to be 22 percent in 2000.
  As a percentage of total State and local expenditures, grants have 
increased from 21 percent in 1990 to 25 percent in 1998.
  Section E shows the relative contribution of physical capital grants 
in assisting States and localities with capital spending. After a slight 
increase to 27 percent of State and local capital spending in 1995, 
Federal capital grants have declined to be 23 percent of State and local 
spending in 1998, the same percentage as in 1990.

     OTHER INFORMATION ON FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

  Additional information regarding aid to State and local governments 
can be found elsewhere in this budget and in other documents.
  Major public physical capital investment programs providing Federal 
grants to State and local governments are identified in Chapter 6, 
``Federal Investment Spending and Capital Budgeting.''
  Data for summary and detailed grants to State and local governments 
can be found in many sections of a separate document entitled Historical 
Tables. Section 12 of that document is devoted exclusively to grants to 
State and local governments. Additional information on grants can be 
found in Section 6 (Composition of Federal Government Outlays); Section 
9 (Federal Government Outlays for Investment: Major Physical Capital, 
Research and Development, and Education and Training); Section 11 
(Federal Government Payments for Individuals); and Section 15 (Total 
(Federal and State and Local) Government Finances).
  In addition to these sources, a number of other sources of information 
are available that use slightly different concepts of grants, provide 
State-by-State information, or provide information on how to apply for 
Federal aid.
  Government Finances, published annually by the Bureau of the Census in 
the Department of Commerce, provides data on public finances, including 
Federal aid to State and local governments.
  The Survey of Current Business, published monthly by the Bureau of 
Economic Analysis in the Department of Commerce, provides data on the 
national income and product accounts (NIPA), a broad statistical concept 
encompassing the entire economy. These accounts include data on Federal 
grants to State and local governments. Data using the NIPA concepts 
appear in this volume in Chapter 16, ``National Income and Product 
Accounts.''
  The Budget Information for States (BIS) provides estimates of State-
by-State funding allocations for the largest formula grant programs for 
the past, present, and budget year. These programs comprise 
approximately 85 percent of total Federal aid to State and local gov

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ernments. The document is prepared by the Office of Management and 
Budget soon after the Budget is released.
  Federal Expenditures by State, a report prepared by the Bureau of the 
Census, shows Federal spending by State for grants and other spending 
for the most recently completed fiscal year.
  The Consolidated Federal Funds Report is an annual document that shows 
the distribution of Federal spending by State and county areas and by 
local governmental jurisdictions. It is released by the Bureau of the 
Census in the Spring.
  The Federal Assistance Awards Data System (FAADS) provides 
computerized information about current grant funding. Data on all direct 
assistance awards are provided quarterly by the Bureau of the Census to 
the States and to the Congress.
  The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance is a primary reference 
source for communities wishing to apply for grants and other domestic 
assistance. The Catalog is prepared by the General Services 
Administration with data collected by the Office of Management and 
Budget and is available from the Government Printing Office. The basic 
edition of the Catalog is usually published in June and an update is 
generally published in December. It contains a detailed listing of grant 
and other assistance programs; discussions of eligibility criteria, 
application procedures, and estimated obligations; and related 
information.

[[Page 239]]

                       DETAILED FEDERAL AID TABLE

  Table 9-3, ``Federal Grants to State and Local Governments-Budget 
Authority and Outlays,'' provides detailed budget authority and outlay 
data for grants. This table displays discretionary and mandatory grant 
programs separately.

                                     

             Table 9-3. FEDERAL GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS--BUDGET AUTHORITY AND OUTLAYS
                                            (in millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Budget Authority                             Outlays
Function, Category, Agency and ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Program                 1998         1999          2000          1998         1999          2000
                                  Actual      Estimate      Estimate       Actual      Estimate      Estimate
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       NATIONAL DEFENSE
Discretionary:
  Department of Defense--
   Military:
    Military Construction:
      Military construction,
       Army National Guard....  ...........  ............  ............           5             3   ............
  Federal Emergency Management
   Agency:
      Emergency management
       planning and assistance  ...........  ............  ............           7   ............  ............
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....  ...........  ............  ............          12             3   ............
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, national
         defense..............  ...........  ............  ............          12             3   ............
                               =================================================================================
            ENERGY
Discretionary:
  Department of Energy:
    Energy Programs:
      Energy conservation.....         155           166      191               160           158           172
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....         155           166      191               160           158           172
                               =================================================================================
Mandatory:
  Tennessee Valley Authority:
      Tennessee Valley
       Authority fund.........         264           298      313               264           298           313
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, mandatory........         264           298      313               264           298           313
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, energy.........         419           464      504               424           456           485
                               =================================================================================
     NATURAL RESOURCES AND
          ENVIRONMENT
Discretionary:
  Department of Agriculture:
    Natural Resources
     Conservation Service:
      Resource conservation
       and development........  ...........  ............  ............           1             1             1
      Watershed and flood
       prevention operations..          43            27       22                63            93            62
    Forest Service:
      State and private
       forestry...............         103            79      172                96            78           159
      Management of national
       forest lands for
       subsistence uses.......  ...........            3   ............  ...........  ............            3
  Department of Commerce:
    National Oceanic and
     Atmospheric
     Administration:
      Operations, research,
       and facilities.........          88           103      127                70            81           102
      Pacific coastal salmon
       recovery...............  ...........  ............     100        ...........  ............           62
  Department of the Interior:
    Office of Surface Mining
     Reclamation and
     Enforcement:
      Regulation and
       technology.............          47            51       51                50            50            50
      Abandoned mine
       reclamation fund.......         168           170      195               188           134           138
    Bureau of Reclamation:
      Bureau of reclamation
       loan subsidy...........          10            11       12                19            13            10
    United States Fish and
     Wildlife Service:
      Cooperative endangered
       species conservation
       fund...................          14            14       80                12            14            21
      Wildlife conservation
       and appreciation fund..           1             1        1                 1             1             1
      Miscellaneous permanent
       appropriations.........           2             2        2                 2             2             2
    National Park Service:
      Urban park and
       recreation fund........  ...........  ............       4                 1             2             4
      Historic preservation
       fund...................          41            72       81                40            54            67
      Conservation grants and
       planning assistance....  ...........  ............     200        ...........  ............           80

[[Page 240]]

 
  Environmental Protection
   Agency:
      State and Tribal
       Assistance Grants......       3,213         3,407    2,838             2,597         2,800         3,140
      Hazardous substance
       superfund..............         206           195      335                95           113           230
      Leaking underground
       storage tank trust fund          56            61       61                54            59            62
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....       3,992         4,196    4,281             3,289         3,495         4,194
                               =================================================================================
Mandatory:
  Department of the Interior:
    Bureau of Land Management:
      Miscellaneous permanent
       payment accounts.......          71           120      130                71           120           101
    Minerals Management
     Service:
      National forests fund,
       payment to States......           3             3        3                 3             3             3
      Leases of lands acquired
       for flood control,
       navigation, and allied
       purposes...............           1             1        1                 1             1             1
    United States Fish and
     Wildlife Service:
      Federal aid in wildlife
       restoration............         193           199      212               210           211           200
      Sport fish restoration..         310           261      324               251           285           298
    National Park Service:
      Other permanent
       appropriations.........  ...........  ............  ............  ...........  ............  ............
    Departmental Management:
      Everglades watershed
       protection.............  ...........  ............  ............           4           160   ............
      Everglades restoration
       account................  ...........            1        1        ...........            1             1
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, mandatory........         578           585      671               540           781           604
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, natural
         resources and
         environment..........       4,570         4,781    4,952             3,829         4,276         4,798
                               =================================================================================
          AGRICULTURE
Discretionary:
  Department of Agriculture:
    Departmental
     Administration:
      Outreach for socially
       disadvantaged farmers..           3             3       10                 1             7            10
    Cooperative State
     Research, Education, and
     Extension Service:
      Extension activities....         423           438      402               413           430           424
      Research and education
       activities.............         222           237      163               219           221           217
      Integrated activities...  ...........  ............      17        ...........  ............            2
    Agricultural Marketing
     Service:
      Payments to States and
       possessions............           1             1        1                 1             1             1
    Farm Service Agency:
      State mediation grants..           2             4        4                 3             2             3
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....         651           683      597               637           661           657
                               =================================================================================
Mandatory:
  Department of Agriculture:
    Office of the Secretary:
      Fund for rural America..  ...........           30   ............           6            12             9
    Farm Service Agency:
      Commodity credit
       corporation fund.......          25            73       20                25            73            20
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, mandatory........          25           103       20                31            85            29
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, agriculture....         676           786      617               668           746           686
                               =================================================================================
  COMMERCE AND HOUSING CREDIT
Mandatory:
  Department of Commerce:
    National Oceanic and
     Atmospheric
     Administration:
      Promote and develop
       fishery products and
       research pertaining to
       American fisheries.....           3             3        2                 9             8             4
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, mandatory........           3             3        2                 9             8             4
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, commerce and
         housing credit.......           3             3        2                 9             8             4

[[Page 241]]

 
                               =================================================================================
        TRANSPORTATION
Discretionary:
  Department of
   Transportation:
    Coast Guard:
      Boat safety.............          35   ............  ............          32            15             6
    Federal Aviation
     Administration:
      Grants-in-aid for
       airports (Airport and
       airway trust fund).....       1,640         2,322    1,600             1,511         1,670         1,750
    Federal Highway
     Administration:
      State infrastructure
       banks..................  ...........  ............  ............          64            37            17
      Appalachian development
       highway system.........         300           132   ............          73           150           113
      Highway-related safety
       grants.................  ...........  ............  ............           3             2   ............
      National motor carrier
       safety grants program..          84           100      105                73            95           101
      Federal-aid highways....      23,724        28,249   29,834            18,265        21,151        23,647
      Miscellaneous
       appropriations.........  ...........  ............  ............         111           134           156
      Miscellaneous highway
       trust funds............  ...........  ............  ............          46            60            43
    National Highway Traffic
     Safety Administration:
      Highway traffic safety
       grants.................         178           190      197               146           187           199
    Federal Railroad
     Administration:
      Emergency railroad
       rehabilitation and
       repair.................          10   ............  ............          14            14   ............
      Alameda Corridor direct
       loan financing program.  ...........  ............  ............          21            18   ............
      Local rail freight
       assistance.............  ...........  ............  ............           4             6   ............
      Alaska railroad
       rehabilitation.........          15            38   ............           9            24            23
      Railroad research and
       development............           1             1   ............           1             1   ............
      Conrail commuter
       transition assistance..  ...........  ............  ............           5             9             2
    Federal Transit
     Administration:
      Research, training, and
       human resources........  ...........  ............  ............           1             3             2
      Job Access and Reverse
       Commute Grants.........  ...........           75      150        ...........            4            23
      Interstate transfer
       grants-transit.........  ...........  ............  ............           3            14             6
      Washington metropolitan
       area transit authority.         200            50   ............         184           207           142
      Formula grants..........       2,500         2,799    3,310             2,079         2,069         2,027
      Capital Investment
       Grants.................  ...........        2,307    2,451        ...........          115           630
      Transit planning and
       research...............          68            80       88                76            75            82
      Discretionary grants
       (Highway trust fund,
       Mass transit account)..       2,000          -392   ............       1,875         1,459         1,144
      Miscellaneous expired
       accounts...............  ...........  ............  ............           3   ............  ............
    Research and Special
     Programs Administration:
      Research and special
       programs...............           1   ............  ............  ...........            1   ............
      Pipeline safety.........          13            15       16                13            14            15
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....      30,769        35,966   37,751            24,612        27,534        30,128
                               =================================================================================
Mandatory:
  Department of
   Transportation:
    Federal Highway
     Administration:
      Federal-aid highways....         754           739      739             1,526         1,597         1,497
    Research and Special
     Programs Administration:
      Emergency preparedness
       grants.................           7             7       13                 6             6             7
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, mandatory........         761           746      752             1,532         1,603         1,504
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, transportation.      31,530        36,712   38,503            26,144        29,137        31,632
                               =================================================================================
    COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL
          DEVELOPMENT
Discretionary:
  Department of Agriculture:
    Rural Development:
      Rural community
       advancement program....         581           732      599               569           748           676
    Rural Utilities Service:
      Distance learning and
       telemedicine program...          11            11       21                 8            14            22
    Rural Housing Service:
      Rural community fire
       protection grants......           2   ............  ............           3             2   ............
    Rural Business--
     Cooperative Service:
      Rural cooperative
       development grants.....           3             3        9                 2             4             4
    Forest Service:
      Southeast Alaska
       economic disaster fund.  ...........  ............  ............          20            20            13
  Department of Commerce:
    Economic Development
     Administration:
      Economic development
       assistance programs....         342           387      365               364           411           411

[[Page 242]]

 
  Department of Housing and
   Urban Development:
    Community Planning and
     Development:
      Community development
       block grants...........       4,925         4,873    4,775             4,621         4,965         4,856
      Urban development action
       grants.................  ...........  ............  ............           6             9            10
      Supplemental assistance
       for facilities to
       assist the homeless....  ...........  ............  ............  ...........            2   ............
      Community development
       loan guarantees subsidy          30            30       30                 6            16            23
      National cities in
       schools community
       development program....  ...........            5   ............  ...........            1             4
      Brownfields
       redevelopment..........          25            25       50        ...........           10            20
      Urban empowerment zones.           5            45      150                 1             4            20
      Regional connections....  ...........  ............      50        ...........  ............            1
      Redevelopment of
       abandoned buildings....  ...........  ............      50        ...........  ............            1
      Regional empowerment
       zone initiative........  ...........  ............      50        ...........  ............            1
    Office of Lead Hazard
     Control:
      Lead hazard reduction...  ...........           80       80        ...........            1            27
  Department of the Interior:
    Bureau of Indian Affairs:
      Operation of Indian
       programs...............         121           139      143               121           139           143
      Indian guaranteed loan
       subsidy................           5             5        5                 3             5             5
    Departmental Management:
      King Cove road and
       airstrip...............  ...........           35   ............  ...........           35   ............
  Department of the Treasury:
    Departmental Offices:
      United States community
       adjustment and
       investment program.....  ...........            5        9        ...........            5             5
  Federal Emergency Management
   Agency:
      Emergency management
       planning and assistance         135           159      160               147           170           158
      Disaster relief.........       1,440           231      222             1,598         1,968         2,228
      National flood
       mitigation fund........          27            20       32                 4            21            29
  Appalachian Regional
   Commission:
      Appalachian regional
       commission.............         164            59       60               180           145           123
  Denali Commission:
      Denali commission.......  ...........           20   ............  ...........            2             4
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....       7,816         6,864    6,860             7,653         8,697         8,784
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, community and
         regional development.       7,816         6,864    6,860             7,653         8,697         8,784
                               =================================================================================
     EDUCATION, TRAINING,
    EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL
           SERVICES
Discretionary:
  Department of Commerce:
    National
     Telecommunications and
     Information
     Administration:
      Public
       telecommunications
       facilities, planning
       and construction.......          10            19       34                19            21            24
      Information
       infrastructure grants..          20            18       20                20            27            24
  Department of Education:
    Office of Elementary and
     Secondary Education:
      Reading excellence......  ...........          260      286        ...........           13           105
      Indian education........          60            65       75                50            63            68
      Impact aid..............         805           859      731               689           968           843
      Chicago litigation
       settlement.............  ...........  ............  ............           2             4             3
      Education Reform........       1,100         1,030      990               731         1,133         1,025
      Education for the
       disadvantaged..........       7,852         3,647    8,711             7,800         6,666         7,939
      School improvement
       programs...............       1,428         2,624    2,520             1,260         1,373         1,968
    Office of Bilingual
     Education and Minority
     Languages Affairs:
      Bilingual and immigrant
       education..............         323           324      334               204           351           359
    Office of Special
     Education and
     Rehabilitative Services:
      Special education.......       4,567         5,090    3,227             3,425         4,032         4,881
      Rehabilitation services
       and disability research         118           113      125               113           125           121
      American printing house
       for the blind..........           7             8        8                 7             9             8
    Office of Vocational and
     Adult Education:
      Vocational and adult
       education..............       1,479         1,504    1,624             1,419         1,290         1,448
    Office of Postsecondary
     Education:
      Student financial
       assistance.............          25            25       25                51            25            25
      Higher education........          55           135      172                39            40            97
    Office of Educational
     Research and Improvement:
      Education research,
       statistics, and
       improvement............          70           230       30               141           109           176
  Department of Health and
   Human Services:
    Administration for
     Children and Families:
      Children and families
       services programs......       5,381         5,735    6,289             5,052         5,553         5,904

[[Page 243]]

 
    Administration on Aging:
      Aging services programs.         865           882    1,048               828           865           971
  Department of the Interior:
    Bureau of Indian Affairs:
      Operation of Indian
       programs...............          93            93      105                93            93           105
  Department of Labor:
    Employment and Training
     Administration:
      Training and employment
       services...............       3,634         3,634    3,749             3,399         3,728         3,692
      Community service
       employment for older
       Americans..............          97            97       97               101            97            97
      State unemployment
       insurance and
       employment service
       operations.............         172           162      232               219           132           239
      Unemployment trust fund.         958           964      952               958           956           912
  Corporation for National and
   Community Service:
      Domestic volunteer
       service programs,
       Operating expenses.....         162           172      186               134           154           165
      National and community
       service programs,
       operating expenses.....          77            90      112                55            55            64
  Corporation for Public
   Broadcasting:
      Corporation for public
       broadcasting...........          83            98      120                83            85           106
  National Endowment for the
   Arts:
      National endowment for
       the arts: Grants and
       administration.........          34            32       53                27            20            34
  Institute of Museum and
   Library Services:
      Office of Museum
       Services: Grants and
       administration.........           6             5        7                 5             9             6
      Office of Library
       Services: Grants and
       administration.........         133           151      137               121           166           156
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....      29,614        28,066   31,999            27,045        28,162        31,565
                               =================================================================================
Mandatory:
  Department of Education:
    Office of Special
     Education and
     Rehabilitative Services:
      Rehabilitation services
       and disability research       2,247         2,304    2,339             2,155         2,499         2,327
    Office of Vocational and
     Adult Education:
      Vocational and adult
       education..............  ...........  ............  ............           6             2   ............
  Department of Health and
   Human Services:
    Administration for
     Children and Families:
      State legalization
       impact assistance
       grants.................  ...........  ............  ............          -4   ............  ............
      Job opportunities and
       basic skills training
       program................  ...........  ............  ............          48            39            15
      Preserving Safe and
       Stable Families........         255           275      295               214           224           258
      Social services block
       grant..................       2,299         1,909    2,380             2,441         2,050         2,445
      Payments to states for
       foster care and
       adoption assistance....       4,311         4,922    5,667             4,451         4,939         5,491
  Department of Labor:
    Employment and Training
     Administration:
      Welfare to work jobs....       1,488         1,409    1,000                16           872         1,597
      Federal unemployment
       benefits and allowances         127           131      176                95           124           139
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, mandatory........      10,727        10,950   11,857             9,422        10,749        12,272
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, education,
         training, employment,
         and social services..      40,341        39,016   43,856            36,467        38,911        43,837
                               =================================================================================
            HEALTH
Discretionary:
  Department of Agriculture:
    Food Safety and Inspection
     Service:
      Salaries and expenses...          41            46       47                41            46            47
  Department of Health and
   Human Services:
    Health Resources and
     Services Administration:
      Health Resources and
       Services...............       1,763         1,895    1,948             1,591         1,735         1,892
    Centers for Disease
     Control and Prevention:
      Disease control,
       research, and training.         624           653      672               643           666           654
    Substance Abuse and Mental
     Health Services
     Administration:
      Substance abuse and
       mental health services.       2,197         2,488    2,627             2,236         2,331         2,519
    Departmental Management:
      Public health services
       for the uninsured......  ...........  ............      25        ...........  ............            4
  Department of Labor:
    Occupational Safety and
     Health Administration:
      Salaries and expenses...          78            80       83                77            79            82
    Mine Safety and Health
     Administration:
      Salaries and expenses...           6             6        6                 6             6             6

[[Page 244]]

 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....       4,709         5,168    5,408             4,594         4,863         5,204
                               =================================================================================
Mandatory:
  Department of Health and
   Human Services:
    Health Care Financing
     Administration:
      Grants to States for
       Medicaid...............      99,591       102,521   114,660          101,234       108,534       114,660
      State children's health
       insurance fund.........       4,235         4,247    4,249                 5         1,437         1,936
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, mandatory........     103,826       106,768   118,909          101,239       109,971       116,596
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, health.........     108,535       111,936   124,317          105,833       114,834       121,800
                               =================================================================================
        INCOME SECURITY
Discretionary:
  Department of Agriculture:
    Food and Nutrition
     Service:
      Food donations programs.         141           141      151               141           142           149
      Food stamp program......  ...........  ............       2        ...........  ............            2
      Commodity assistance
       program................         141           131      155               123           142           151
      Special supplemental
       nutrition program for
       women, infants, and
       children (WIC).........       3,924         3,924    4,102             3,901         3,951         4,094
      Child nutrition programs           6             4        4                 6             4             4
  Department of Health and
   Human Services:
    Administration for
     Children and Families:
      Low income home energy
       assistance.............       1,160         1,100    1,100             1,132         1,134         1,135
      Refugee and entrant
       assistance.............         382           393      401               294           379           385
      Payments to States for
       the child care and
       development block grant         999           997    1,180             1,092         1,001         1,114
      Contingency fund........  ...........  ............  -1,644        ...........  ............  ............
  Department of Housing and
   Urban Development:
    Public and Indian Housing
     Programs:
      Public housing operating
       fund...................       2,900         2,818    3,003             3,116         2,806         2,908
      Annual contributions for
       assisted housing.......  ...........  ............  ............       3,874         2,433         1,524
      Drug elimination grants
       for low-income housing.         310           310      310               281           274           326
      Revitalization of
       severely distressed
       public housing (HOPE
       VI)....................         550           625      625               237           517           588
      Public housing capital
       fund...................       2,500         3,000    2,555             3,321         2,703         3,151
      Preserving existing
       housing investment.....  ...........  ............  ............  ...........  ............  ............
      Native American housing
       block grant............         600           620      620               453           701           665
      Section 8 reserve
       preservation account...      -2,897   ............  ............  ...........          350   ............
      Housing certificate fund       6,191         7,487    6,081             5,315         5,212         6,649
    Community Planning and
     Development:
      Emergency shelter grants
       program................  ...........  ............  ............           1             1   ............
      Supportive housing
       program................          -6   ............  ............         133           121   ............
      Homeless assistance
       grants.................         823           975    1,020               463           688           961
      Shelter plus care.......  ...........  ............  ............          71            50   ............
      Home investment
       partnership program....       1,500         1,600    1,610             1,286         1,500         1,656
      Youthbuild program......  ...........  ............  ............           9             4   ............
      Innovative homeless
       initiatives
       demonstration program..  ...........  ............  ............          19            14   ............
      Housing opportunities
       for persons with AIDS..         204           225      240               200           164           191
      Rural housing and
       economic development...  ...........           32       20        ...........            1            10
      Homeless assistance
       demonstration program..  ...........  ............       5        ...........  ............  ............
    Housing Programs:
      Congregate services.....  ...........  ............  ............           7             7             2
      Section 8 moderate
       rehabilitation, single
       room occupancy.........  ...........  ............  ............          29            46   ............
      Homeownership and
       opportunity for people
       everywhere grants (HOPE
       grants)................  ...........  ............  ............          29            30            30
      Housing for special
       populations............         839           854      854               824           809           946
  Department of Labor:
    Employment and Training
     Administration:
      Unemployment trust fund.       2,484         2,324    2,464             2,327         2,469         2,480
  Federal Emergency Management
   Agency:
      Emergency food and
       shelter program........         100           100      125               100           100           125
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....      22,851        27,660   24,983            28,784        27,753        29,246
                               =================================================================================
Mandatory:
  Department of Agriculture:
    Agricultural Marketing
     Service:
      Funds for strengthening
       markets, income, and
       supply (section 32)....         497           587      669               497           552           536

[[Page 245]]

 
    Food and Nutrition
     Service:
      Food stamp program......       3,553         3,374    3,232             3,673         3,642         3,362
      Child nutrition programs       7,880         9,042    9,365             8,430         8,932         9,373
  Department of Health and
   Human Services:
    Administration for
     Children and Families:
      Payments to states for
       child support
       enforcement and family
       support programs.......         607         2,649      741             2,171         2,738         2,941
      Contingency fund........       1,960   ............  ............           2   ............            3
      Child care entitlement
       to States..............       2,070         2,167    4,122             2,028         2,302         3,660
      Temporary assistance for
       needy families.........      16,672        17,053   17,004            13,284        13,071        14,087
      Children's research and
       technical assistance...           1             1        9                 1             1             3
  Department of Housing and
   Urban Development:
    Housing Programs:
      Elderly vouchers........  ...........  ............      87        ...........  ............            8
  Department of Labor:
    Employment and Training
     Administration:
      Unemployment trust fund.  ...........  ............      90        ...........  ............           90
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, mandatory........      33,240        34,873   35,319            30,086        31,238        34,063
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, income security      56,091        62,533   60,302            58,870        58,991        63,309
                               =================================================================================
VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES
Discretionary:
  Department of Veterans
   Affairs:
    Veterans Health
     Administration:
      Medical care............         235           273      321               235           273           321
    Construction:
      Grants for construction
       of State extended care
       facilities.............          80            90       40                50            52            64
      Grants for the
       construction of State
       veterans cemeteries....          10            10       11                 3             5             8
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....         325           373      372               288           330           393
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, veterans
         benefits and services         325           373      372               288           330           393
                               =================================================================================
   ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
Discretionary:
  Department of Health and
   Human Services:
    Administration for
     Children and Families:
      Violent crime reduction
       programs...............          85            96      110                34            73            98
  Department of Housing and
   Urban Development:
    Fair Housing and Equal
     Opportunity:
      Fair housing activities.          30            40       47                24            27            34
  Department of Justice:
    Office of Justice
     Programs:
      Justice assistance......          96            88      235                68            32            96
      State and local law
       enforcement assistance.         505           548   ............         414           268           571
      Juvenile crime control
       and prevention programs         214           259      268               135           141           294
      Violent crime reduction
       programs, State and
       local law enforcement
       assistance.............       2,383         2,370    1,612             1,477         1,218         2,351
      Community oriented
       policing services......       1,430         1,430    1,275               968         1,209         1,528
  Court Services and Offender
   Supervision Agency for the
   District:
      Federal payment to the
       Court Services and
       Offender Supervision
       Agency for the District
       of Columbia............  ...........           59       80        ...........           59            64
  Equal Employment Opportunity
   Commission:
      Salaries and expenses...          28            29       29                16            16            19
  State Justice Institute:
      State Justice Institute:
       Salaries and expenses..           7             7        5                 6            17             6
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....       4,778         4,926    3,661             3,142         3,060         5,061
                               =================================================================================
Mandatory:
  Department of Justice:
    Legal Activities and U.S.
     Marshals:
      Assets forfeiture fund..         196           203      209               179           194           208
    Office of Justice
     Programs:
      Crime victims fund......         350           316      366               252           495           482

[[Page 246]]

 
  Department of the Treasury:
    Departmental Offices:
      Department of the
       Treasury forfeiture
       fund...................          94            71       60                85            67            58
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, mandatory........         640           590      635               516           756           748
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, administration
         of justice...........       5,418         5,516    4,296             3,658         3,816         5,809
                               =================================================================================
      GENERAL GOVERNMENT
Discretionary:
  Department of the Interior:
    Bureau of Land Management:
      Payments in lieu of
       taxes..................         120           125      125               120           125           125
    Insular Affairs:
      Trust Territory of the
       Pacific Islands........  ...........  ............  ............           3             9             7
  Department of the Treasury:
    Departmental Offices:
      Department-wide systems
       and Capital Investments
       Programs...............  ...........  ............       3        ...........  ............            3
  District of Columbia:
    District of Columbia
     Courts:
      Federal payment to the
       District of Columbia
       Criminal Justice System         151   ............  ............         151   ............  ............
      Federal payment to the
       District of Columbia
       Courts.................  ...........          130      137        ...........          130           137
    District of Columbia
     Corrections:
      Payment to the District
       of Columbia Corrections
       Trustee, Operations....         169           185      176               169           185           176
      Payment to the District
       of Columbia Corrections
       Trustee for
       correctional
       facilities,
       construction, and
       repair.................         302   ............  ............         302   ............  ............
    District of Columbia
     General and Special
     Payments:
      Federal payment for
       Management Reform......           8            25   ............           8            25   ............
      Federal support for
       economic development
       and management reforms
       in the District........         190            86   ............         190            86   ............
      Federal payment for
       Medicare Coordinated
       Care Demonstration
       Project................           3             3   ............  ...........  ............  ............
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, discretionary....         943           554      441               943           560           448
                               =================================================================================
Mandatory:
  Department of Agriculture:
    Forest Service:
      Payments to States,
       northern spotted owl
       guarantee, Forest
       Service................         130           125      147               130           125           147
      Forest Service permanent
       appropriations.........         100           126      119               100           126           119
  Department of Energy:
    Energy Programs:
      Payments to States under
       Federal Power Act......           3             3        3                 3             3             3
  Department of the Interior:
    Minerals Management
     Service:
      Mineral leasing and
       associated payments....         546           586      607               546           586           607
    United States Fish and
     Wildlife Service:
      National wildlife refuge
       fund...................          19            19       20                20            19            20
    Insular Affairs:
      Assistance to
       territories............          68            66       68                69           123           127
      Payments to the United
       States territories,
       fiscal assistance......          80            77       89                80            77            89
  Department of the Treasury:
    Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco
     and Firearms:
      Internal revenue
       collections for Puerto
       Rico...................         230           217      253               230           217           253
    United States Customs
     Service:
      Refunds, transfers, and
       expenses of operation,
       Puerto Rico............         112           111      112               110           111           112
  Corps of Engineers:
      Permanent appropriations           7            12       12                 7            12            12
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, mandatory........       1,295         1,342    1,430             1,295         1,399         1,489
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, general
         government...........       2,238         1,896    1,871             2,238         1,959         1,937
                               =================================================================================
          Total, Grants.......     257,962       270,880   286,452          246,093       262,164       283,474
            Discretionary.....     106,603       114,622   116,544          101,159       105,276       115,852
            Mandatory.........     151,359       156,258   169,908          144,934       156,888       167,622
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