[Budget of the United States Government]
[VI. Investing in the Common Good: Program Performance in Federal Functions]
[14. International Affairs]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
14. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 14-1. FEDERAL RESOURCES IN SUPPORT OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
(In millions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Estimate
Function 150 1998 -----------------------------------------------------------
Actual 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spending:
Discretionary Budget Authority \1\...... 18,991 40,850 21,311 21,165 20,815 20,965 21,115
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......................... -4,992 -4,355 -3,886 -3,680 -3,393 -3,150 -3,057
Credit Activity:
Direct loan disbursements............... 2,346 4,002 1,759 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........................ 12,369 13,376 12,983 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............................ 11,040 12,410 12,265 13,100 14,075 15,160 16,280
Proposed legislation.................... ........ ........ -310 -540 -570 -600 -630
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N/A = Not available
\1\ 1999 includes $18.4 billion for the International Monetary Fund quote increase and the New Arrangements to
Borrow.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Administration proposes $21.3 billion for International Affairs
programs in 2000. By fully funding these programs, the United States can
continue to provide critical international leadership to accomplish key
strategic goals, such as enhancing national security, fostering world-
wide economic growth, supporting the establishment and consolidation of
democracy, and improving the global environment and addressing other key
global issues. The State Department outlined these goals more fully in
its September 1997 report, ``United States Strategic Plan for
International Affairs.''
In many cases, the performance goals that follow are from agency
performance plans. If an agency has not submitted 2000 performance plan
to OMB, the performance goals remain unchanged from the International
Affairs chapter of the 1999 Budget. In addition to the goals identified
below, agencies have established other performance goals for themselves
to ensure that they fulfill their legislative mandates in ways that also
contribute to U.S. national interests.
National Security
U.S. security depends on active diplomacy, steps to resolve
destabilizing regional conflicts, and vigorous efforts to reduce the
continuing threat of weapons of mass destruction. The budget proposes
the necessary funds to support the Middle East peace process following
the signing of the Wye Memorandum. The budgt also provides funds to help
the new NATO members--Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic--and other
East European nations. A strong, active United Nations enhances U.S.
diplomatic efforts, and the budget proposes to fund assessed
contributions to this and other international organizations, as well as
annual assessed and voluntary peacekeeping contributions.
Economic and reconstruction assistance and police training are
critical to our effort to support the Dayton Accords on Bosnia, and
funding under the FREEDOM Support Act helps foster the transition to
market democracies in the former Soviet Union. For Kosovo, the budget
includes resources to support observers to verify compliance by all
parties and the training of a professional, local
[[Page 174]]
police force. Finally, the budget fully supports further progress on our
efforts to control weapons of mass destruction by requesting $48 million
under the restructured State Department which will incorporate the Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency for programs that seek to reduce
eliminate, or curb the spread of such weapons.
Relevant agencies will meet the following performance goals in 2000:
The State Department, in seeking to advance the Middle East
peace process, will achieve significant progress towards
fulfilling the goals of the Oslo Accord.
The State Department will avert or defuse regional conflicts
where critical national interests are at stake through
bilateral U.S. assistance and U.N. peacekeeping activities.
The State and Defense Departments will ensure that the armed
forces of NATO's ``candidate countries'' can operate in a
fully integrated manner with other NATO forces upon their
planned entry into NATO.
The State and Defense Departments and the Agency for
International Development (USAID) will achieve significant
progress toward implementing the Dayton Accords in Bosnia.
The State Department will achieve full compliance with, and
verification of, treaties regarding weapons of mass
destruction and, if necessary, combat suspected development
programs.
Economic Prosperity
International affairs activities increase U.S. economic prosperity in
several ways. First, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), supported by
the State Department and other agencies, works to reduce barriers to
trade in U.S. goods, services, and investments by negotiating new trade
liberalizing agreements and strictly enforcing existing agreements.
Second, the Export-Import Bank (Eximbank) and the Trade and
Development Agency (TDA) provide grant and credit financing to correct
market distortions that can put U.S. exports at a competitive
disadvantage. The Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)
provides investment insurance and financing for development projects in
support of U.S. businesses large and small.
Third, development assistance from the Multilateral Development Banks
(MDBs) and USAID, along with debt reduction, help increase economic
growth, openness, and market orientation in developing and transitioning
countries, creating new markets for U.S. goods and services and reducing
the economic causes of instability in these regions.
Relevant agencies will meet the following performance goals in 2000:
USTR will use the Third World Treaty Organization (WTO)
Ministerial Conference to set the negotiating agenda for the
round that begins in 2000; will conclude two or more pending
accession negotiations to the WTO; will negotiate cuts in
specific, identified barriers to U.S. and global trade; and
will effectively enforce international trade agreements.
The Eximbank will develop new mechanisms to expand the
availability of financing for U.S. exports by pioneering joint
ventures with the private sector, as well as innovative
financing programs that will increase the Bank's support for
small and medium-sized exporters.
OPIC will increase the amount of private U.S. investment that
supports American, foreign policy and development goals and
benefits the U.S. economy.
TDA will increase, from 1998 levels, the ratio of TDA-
supported exports to TDA expenditures and the percentage of
TDA projects that ultimately yield U.S. exports.
USAID, through bilateral assistance, and the Treasury
Department, through its contributions to the MDBs, will
provide assistance that helps to increase the real annual per
capita GDP growth rate from 1998 levels in developing
countries.
American Citizens and U.S. Borders
The State Department, through the U.S. passport office and the network
of embassies and consulates overseas, helps and protects Americans who
travel and reside abroad--
[[Page 175]]
most directly through various consular services, including citizenship
documentation and help in emergencies. The Department also helps to
control how immigrants and foreign visitors enter and remain in the U.S.
by effectively and fairly administering U.S. immigration laws overseas
and screening applicants, in order to deter illegal immigration and
prevent terrorists, narcotics traffickers, and other criminals from
entering the United States.
The State Department will meet the following performance goals in
2000:
Improve U.S. passport security by issuing all passports
produced in the United States with a digitized passport photo.
Complete the world-wide modernization of consular systems and
meet year 2000 requirements, thus contributing to border
security.
Law Enforcement
The expansion and rising sophistication of transnational crime,
international drug trafficking, and terrorism represent direct threats
to our national security. The State Department has broad responsibility
for federal law enforcement policy and progrm coordination in the
foreign arena. The budget funds the State Department's diplomatic
efforts to convince other countries to work cooperatively to address
international criminal threats; it also funds assistance and training
that helps other countries combat corruption, terrorism, and illegal
narcotics, and provides the developing countries with economic
alternatives to narcotics cultivation and export.
The State Department, working with the Departments of Justice, the
Treasury, and Defense, will meet the following performance goals in
2000:
Increase, from 1998 levels, the number of foreign governments
that enact and enforce legislation to combat corruption, money
laundering, and other transnational criminal activities.
Reduce, from 1998 levels, the hectares of coca and opium
poppies being cultivated in producing countries.
Increase, from 1998 levels, criminal justice section
training, providing equipment, and techinical assistance to
local and federal law enforcement organizations.
Democracy
Advancing U.S. interests in the post-Cold War world often requires
efforts to support democratic transitions, address human rights
violations, and promote U.S. democratic values. The budget funds the
State Department's diplomatic efforts that discourage other nations'
interference with the basic democratic and human rights of their
citizens. It also funds direct foreign assistance through USAID and
other agencies that helps countries develop the institutions and legal
structures for the transition to democracy. Finally, the budget funds
exchange and training programs of the State Department, as well as
international broadcasting programs that seek to spread U.S. democratic
values throughout the world and ensure that Americans understand and
value the peoples and cultures of other nations.
Relevant agencies will meet the following performance goals for 2000:
USAID, State Department public diplomacy programs, and
international broadcasting programs will provide assistance
that lead to the improvement of Freedom House ratings of
countries in which the United States is assisting the
transition to democracy.
As a result of State Department diplomacy and direct
assistance, the instances of human rights abuses as reported
by the State Department in the annual U.S. Report on Human
Rights will be reduced from 1998 levels.
Public diplomacy activities will increase, from 1998 levels,
the support for democracy, democratic institutions, and human
rights in selected countries that participate in the programs,
as measured through polling.
Humanitarian Response
U.S. values demand that we help alleviate human suffering from foreign
crises, whether man-made or natural, such as Hurricane
[[Page 176]]
Mitch, even in cases with no direct threat to U.S. security interests.
The budget provides the necessary funds to address and, where possible,
try to prevent, humanitarian crises through USAID's Foreign Disaster
Assistance and Transition Initiatives programs, through the State
Department's Migration and Refugee Assistance program, and through food
aid provided under ``Public Law 480'' authorities. The budget also funds
U.S. bilateral demining efforts to address the growing humanitarian
crisis caused by landmines in areas of former conflict.
Relevant agencies will meet the following performance goals for 2000:
USAID, in conjunction with other public and private donors,
will provide humanitarian assistance that will maintain the
nutritional status of children aged five or under living in
regions affected by humanitarian emergencies.
The State Department will reduce refugee populations, from
1998 levels, through U.S.-sponsored integration, repatriation,
and resettlement activities.
The State Department will increase, from 1998 levels, the
amount of land returned to productive economic activity by
clearing mines and other unexploded ordnance. Over time, this
will also result in a reduction of innocent casualties.
Global Issues
The global problems of environmental degradation, population growth,
and the spread of communicable diseases directly affect future U.S.
security and prosperity. The State Department's negotiation of the Kyoto
global climate change treaty and USAID's five-year, $1 billion global
climate change assistance effort will reduce the threat of this global
problem. Funding of current commitments and arrears to the Global
Environment Facility remains critical to the effort of reducing
environmental degradation.
Similarly, U.S. leadership and U.S. bilateral assistance efforts and
U.S. contributions to multilateral organizations are critical to reduce
the pressures of illegal immigration on the U.S. economy, and help
alleviate the causes of regional conflict. U.S. support, mainly through
USAID both for bilateral and multilateral activities also reduces the
global threat of AIDS and other communicable diseases.
Finally, the volunteer programs of the Peace Corps serve U.S. national
interests by promoting mutual understanding between Americans and the
people of developing nations and providing technical assistance to
interested countries.
Relevant agencies will meet the following performance goals in 2000:
The State Department and USAID, working with the
Environmental Protection Agency and with other bilateral and
multilateral donors, through diplomacy and foreign assistance
will slow the rate of increase, from 1998 levels, of climate
change gas emissions among key developing nation emitters.
USAID will provide assistance in conjunction with other
donors that will cut, from 1998 levels, the total fertility
rates in developing countries.
USAID, working with the Department of Health and Human
Services and with other donors, will provide assistance that
will reduce, from 1998 levels, the infant mortality rate and
the rate of new cases of AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and other
communicable diseases in developing countries.
The Peace Corps will provide opportunities for 4200 Americans
in 2000 to enter service as new volunteers, assisting
countries with their development needs and increasing cultural
awareness.