[Budget of the United States Government]
[VI. Investing in the Common Good: Program Performance in Federal Functions]
[12. Overview]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
VI. INVESTING IN THE COMMON GOOD: PROGRAM PERFORMANCE
IN FEDERAL FUNCTIONS
[[Page 161]]
12. OVERVIEW
The commitment of the President and the Congress to balance the
budget--and keep it in balance--is promoting an increased focus on
allocating ever scarcer resources to programs that demonstrate good
performance. Departments are increasingly justifying funds for programs
in terms of actual and expected performance. The Executive Branch and
the Congress are asking the key questions: ``What are we getting for
what we are spending?'' and ``How will we know if we are successful?''.
The Administration's focus on results is not new. Led by Vice
President Gore's National Partnership for Reinventing Government (NPR),
the Administration has made real progress in creating a Government that
in the words of the NPR, ``works better, costs less, and gets results
Americans care about.''
In this budget, the Administration highlights three aspects of
performance:
Fiscal performance (see Chapter 1, ``Sustaining Growth'');
Management performance (see Section IV, ``Improving
Performance Through Better Management''); and
Program performance, which is contained in this section.
Together, these sections constitute what the Government Performance
and Results Act (GPRA) contemplated--a comprehensive, Government-wide
Performance Plan. The Plan reflects the budget and management decisions
made throughout the process of formulating the President's budget,
presenting a results-oriented picture of more than 450 of year 2000
Federal Government performance goals.
The performance of Government programs is inextricably linked to the
fiscal and economic environment and the management framework in which
they operate. The President's commitment to not only balance the budget
but to invest in the future while improving public management--to do
more with less--has prompted the Administration to maintain or expand
programs that demonstrate good performance. Performance by managers is
increasingly being judged on program results.
In this section, the budget categorizes activities according to budget
functions in order to group similar programs together and begin to
present the relationship between their goals. As contemplated in GPRA,
the Administration relied heavily on key performance measures and annual
performance goals that were drawn from agency Annual Performance Plans.
These were first articulated in the context of the long-term goals and
objectives in the Strategic Plans that agencies submitted to OMB and to
the Congress in September 1997.
Again this year, in preparing the budget, the Administration performed
crosscutting analyses to augment analysis by agency and by budget
functions to provide a more complete and useful picture of related
missions and goals across programs. The Administration is continuing to
discuss with the Congress and stakeholders how to apply crosscutting
analyses to budget and management decision-making.
In preparing the budget, the Administration studied the measures and
goals of the Annual Performance Plans and took a hard look at what the
public is getting for what it is financing. Going into this second year
of Government-wide implementation, the agencies continue to improve and
make good progress in managing for results. Nevertheless, more work
remains. Agencies will modify Annual Performance Plans as they implement
them to reflect changing circumstances and resource levels, the plans
will provide a backdrop for further discussion about allocating and
managing resources, and the President's future budgets will contain new
and better information. Going forward, the challenge remains to use
these tools to create better performance to improve citizen confidence,
service delivery, and program performance and management.
[[Page 162]]
Table 12-1. FEDERAL RESOURCES BY FUNCTION
(In billions of dollars)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Estimate
Function 1998 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Actual 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NATIONAL DEFENSE:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 272.4 277.0 281.6 301.3 303.2 313.6 322.3
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... -1.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... .......... 0.2 0.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........ * * * N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 19.0 40.8 21.3 21.2 20.8 21.0 21.1
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... -5.0 -4.4 -3.9 -3.7 -3.4 -3.2 -3.1
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... 2.3 4.0 1.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........ 12.4 13.4 13.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 11.0 12.4 12.3 13.1 14.1 15.2 16.3
Proposed legislation.... .......... .......... -0.3 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL SCIENCE, SPACE, AND
TECHNOLOGY:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 18.0 18.8 19.2 19.4 19.4 19.3 19.3
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... * 0.1 0.1 0.1 * * *
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 2.4 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8
Proposed legislation.... .......... 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENERGY:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... -2.4 -3.2 -5.1 -4.4 -4.3 -4.2 -4.3
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... 1.0 1.6 1.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2
Proposed legislation.... .......... * 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NATURAL RESOURCES AND
ENVIRONMENT:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 23.5 23.4 23.8 24.0 23.9 23.9 24.0
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... -0.8 -0.7 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... * * * N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8
Proposed legislation.... .......... .......... -0.1 -* * 0.1 0.2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AGRICULTURE:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 7.9 16.4 10.9 8.8 7.3 6.0 6.2
[[Page 163]]
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... -* -* -* -* -*
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... 8.2 10.8 11.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........ 4.2 6.6 6.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMERCE AND HOUSING CREDIT:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 3.1 3.7 5.4 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.9
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... -2.2 -3.1 1.2 4.1 6.2 6.6 7.0
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... 1.9 1.7 1.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........ 256.1 233.2 250.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 219.3 227.6 236.2 245.1 254.4 261.8 268.3
Proposed legislation.... .......... -0.1 -1.3 -2.2 -2.0 -1.8 -1.8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRANSPORTATION:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 16.0 13.3 13.5 14.2 14.7 15.3 15.8
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.8
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... * * * * *
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... 0.2 0.8 0.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........ 0.7 0.1 0.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 10.3 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.8 -0.8
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... * 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... 1.5 2.4 2.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........ 1.4 2.2 3.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1
Proposed legislation.... .......... .......... * 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EDUCATION, TRAINING,
EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL
SERVICES:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 46.7 46.6 52.1 54.2 54.2 54.1 54.0
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 12.4 14.0 14.9 13.9 13.1 15.1 16.1
Proposed legislation.. .......... -* -1.7 -0.1 -0.3 -0.6 -0.4
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... 12.1 16.1 16.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........ 22.0 23.2 24.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 29.9 37.6 40.0 42.0 44.0 45.9 49.0
Proposed legislation.... .......... 0.2 1.6 3.7 2.7 2.5 2.6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HEALTH:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 26.4 30.1 30.6 31.0 30.8 30.8 30.8
[[Page 164]]
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 106.6 115.5 122.8 131.6 141.7 153.0 165.0
Proposed legislation.. .......... * -0.1 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7
Credit Activity:
Guaranteed loans........ 0.1 0.1 * N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 80.5 85.8 91.8 97.9 104.4 111.6 119.7
Proposed legislation.... .......... .......... 0.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDICARE:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 190.2 202.0 214.9 229.2 233.2 251.2 265.2
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... -1.2 -1.5 -1.5 -1.7 -1.8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INCOME SECURITY:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 29.7 32.8 30.2 36.4 36.2 36.2 36.2
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 192.3 202.4 214.8 223.4 232.4 240.9 250.1
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... 0.8 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.8
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... * * * N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........ * 0.1 0.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 117.9 132.4 135.3 138.6 141.8 144.9 147.8
Proposed legislation.... .......... * 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SOCIAL SECURITY:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 376.1 389.2 405.2 423.5 443.9 464.9 487.2
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... * 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 22.8 23.4 24.6 25.9 27.4 29.0 30.7
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VETERANS BENEFITS AND
SERVICES:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 18.9 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 23.3 24.3 24.7 25.3 25.9 27.0 27.6
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.9
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... 1.3 2.0 0.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........ 39.9 32.6 31.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 24.8 26.2 26.4 26.8 26.9 26.7 26.8
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 2.1
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... -1.5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL GOVERNMENT:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 12.1 13.2 12.7 13.5 13.2 13.3 13.2
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 1.4 2.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
[[Page 165]]
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 56.8 59.2 61.6 64.1 66.9 69.7 72.9
Proposed legislation.... .......... .......... * * 0.1 0.1 0.1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NET INTEREST:
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 243.4 227.2 215.2 205.9 194.7 183.2 173.0
Tax Expenditures:
Existing law............ 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALLOWANCES:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. .......... 7.6 -0.3 -47.7 -41.6 -20.5 -22.5
Mandatory Outlays:
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... .......... -2.8 -3.9 -4.6 -4.7
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNDISTRIBUTED OFFSETTING
RECEIPTS:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. .......... .......... -2.8 1.1 1.1 -0.2 -0.2
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... -47.2 -40.0 -42.3 -45.3 -51.3 -45.9 -46.7
Proposed legislation.. .......... .......... -0.6 -0.8 -0.9 -1.0 -1.0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TOTAL:
Spending:
Discretionary Budget
Authority.............. 534.2 575.0 555.0 540.3 547.2 578.0 585.5
Mandatory Outlays:
Existing law.......... 1,097.9 1,145.9 1,177.4 1,215.6 1,241.8 1,297.7 1,348.0
Proposed legislation.. .......... -* -3.2 -2.6 -3.2 -4.6 -5.3
Credit Activity:
Direct loan
disbursements.......... 28.7 39.6 36.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guaranteed loans........ 336.8 311.4 329.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* $50 million or less.
N/A = Not available.