[Mid-Session Review]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]


 
                      FY 1999 Mid-Session Review                       

                            TABLE OF CONTENTS                          
                                                                   Page

TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................    i

LIST OF TABLES....................................................   ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................    1

ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS..............................................    5

RECEIPTS..........................................................    9

SPENDING..........................................................   11

SUMMARY TABLES....................................................   15





     ---------------------------------------------------------------
     |                                                             |
     |                       GENERAL NOTES                         |
     |                                                             |
     | 1. All years referred to are fiscal years unless otherwise  |
     |    noted.                                                   |
     |                                                             |
     | 2. All totals in the text and tables display both on-budget |
     |    and off-budget spending and receipts unless otherwise    |
     |    noted.                                                   |
     |                                                             |
     | 3. Details in the tables and text may not add to totals     |
     |    because of rounding.                                     |
     |                                                             |
     ---------------------------------------------------------------




                            LIST OF TABLES                             
                                                                   Page

Table 1.  Receipts, Outlays, and Surplus..........................    3

Table 2.  Economic Assumptions....................................    8

Table 3.  Change in Receipts......................................    9

Table 4.  Change in Outlays.......................................   13

Table 5.  Estimated Spending from 1999 Balances of Budget              
            Authority: Discretionary Programs.....................   15

Table 6.  Outlays for Mandatory Programs Under Current Law........   15

Table 7.  Mandatory Pay-as-you-go Proposals.......................   16

Table 8.  Effect of Proposals on Receipts.........................   19

Table 9.  Budget by Category of Outlays and Receipts: Mid-Session
            Review Versus February Budget.........................   22

Table 10. Receipts by Source......................................   23

Table 11. Outlays by Agency.......................................   24

Table 12. Outlays by Function.....................................   25

Table 13. Discretionary Budget Authority by Agency................   26

Table 14. Discretionary Budget Authority by Function..............   27

Table 15. Federal Government Financing and Debt...................   28




                            EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  After five consecutive years of declining deficits, the Federal budget 
is about to pass another milestone. In fiscal year 1998, marking the 
sixth consecutive year of improved fiscal balance, and the longest such 
series in history, the Federal budget will achieve its first surplus in 
29 years.
  The Administration projects that the surplus for 1998 will be $39 
billion, the largest surplus in dollar terms in all of U.S. history, and 
the largest as a percentage of GDP since 1957. Furthermore, the 
Administration's projections indicate that this budget surplus could 
grow over the next four years to $148 billion by fiscal year 2002--part 
of what would be the longest and largest (by any yardstick) sustained 
debt reduction in our history.
  These results are unprecedented, and are the fruits of years of fiscal 
prudence, conservative economic forecasting, and unwavering discipline--
which in turn generated the economic strength of the last five years. 
Last year's budget agreement is now putting the finishing touches on the 
President's effort to restore the Nation's fiscal health, begun in 1993, 
by bringing the era of exploding deficits to an end.
  In his first budget, submitted in the Administration's first days in 
1993, President Clinton confronted the then-record deficit with a 
program of budget savings of $505 billion over five years--more than 
half of which came from spending cuts. The President, with the support 
of the Congress, saw the plan through to enactment--despite dire 
predictions that this budget would send the economy into recession, 
destroy jobs, raise interest rates, and ultimately undermine our fiscal 
health.
  The facts tell another story--a story of a virtuous cycle in which 
deficit reduction caused interest rates to fall, and investment to boom, 
leading to an unprecedented combination of sustained growth and falling 
inflation. Some authorities have proclaimed today's economy as the best 
ever.
  Since 1993, spending levels have come in consistently below what this 
Administration projected. In other words, we have achieved the spending 
cuts that the President proposed, and more besides. In fact, actual 
Federal outlays as a percentage of GDP have declined in every year of 
this Administration. Indeed, actual outlays have constituted a smaller 
share of the GDP in every year for which this Administration submitted a 
budget than they were in any year under the two preceding 
Administrations. There is no doubt that this Administration has 
controlled the size of Government more effectively than its 
predecessors.
  While Government spending cuts have contributed substantially to 
deficit reduction, strong revenue growth in the last few years has 
helped enormously, and has occurred without an excessive tax burden. Tax 
revenues have grown in substantial part because of the unprecedented 
strength of the economy, caused by the President's 1993 program.
  Typical taxpayers are clearly better off as a result. Real wages are 
growing for the first time in a quarter of a century, the unemployment 
rate is at its lowest since 1970, and the Federal income and payroll tax 
burden on the median family is at its lowest in more than 20 years. The 
stock market has leaped to record levels. And at the same time, the 
lowest interest rates since the 1960s have helped families to buy new 
homes and other durables more cheaply.
  In 1993, the President pledged to cut the deficit in half by 1998; in 
fact, he eliminated it entirely. Then, in 1997, the President pledged to 
balance the budget by 2002; in fact, he was able to meet and surpass 
that goal this year.
  This fact means that the President's call in his State of the Union 
address to save Social Security First has become even more timely. We 
have solved the structural deficit, and thereby built the necessary 
groundwork to eliminate the generational deficit that remains. Six years 
ago, the most sanguine observer would have expected the Federal 
Government today would still be grappling with a serious budget deficit. 
Instead, we now can--if we so choose--address the watershed issue of 
Social Security soundness in a timely fashion, and from a position of 
fiscal strength.
  Thus, we must maintain the President's course to save Social Security 
First, and defer any discussions of using any of the budget surplus for 
any other purpose until we have saved Social Security for the next 
century. We must not set our budget and our economy back by another 
quarter of a century through the fiscal improvidence of dissipating the 
first budget surplus in so many years.


                                     



                                                        Table 1.  RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUS                                                        
                                                              (Dollar amounts in billions)                                                              
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              1998      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003      2004      2005      2006      2007      2008  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
February Budget estimate:                                                                                                                               
  Receipts................................     1,658     1,743     1,794     1,863     1,949     2,028     2,123     2,227     2,329     2,444     2,566
  Outlays.................................     1,668     1,733     1,785     1,834     1,860     1,945     2,011     2,088     2,162     2,225     2,304
  Surplus Reserved Pending Social Security                                                                                                              
   Reform.................................        NA        10         9        28        90        83       111       139       167       219       261
  Deficit (-)/Surplus.....................       -10         0         0         0         0         0         0         0         0         0         0
                                                                                                                                                        
Mid-Session estimate:                                                                                                                                   
  Receipts................................     1,704     1,784     1,835     1,902     1,990     2,072     2,170     2,272     2,375     2,490     2,609
  Outlays.................................     1,665     1,730     1,774     1,820     1,843     1,922     1,986     2,059     2,130     2,190     2,267
  Surplus Reserved Pending Social Security                                                                                                              
   Reform.................................        39        54        61        83       148       150       184       213       245       300       342
  Surplus.................................         0         0         0         0         0         0         0         0         0         0         0
                                                                                                                                                        
Memorandum:                                                                                                                                             
  Mid-Session estimates as a percent of                                                                                                                 
   GDP:                                                                                                                                                 
    Receipts..............................      20.4      20.5      20.2      20.1      20.1      20.0      20.0      20.0      20.0      20.0      20.1
    Outlays...............................      19.9      19.9      19.6      19.2      18.6      18.6      18.3      18.2      17.9      17.6      17.5
    Surplus Reserved Pending Social                                                                                                                     
     Security Reform......................       0.5       0.6       0.7       0.9       1.5       1.4       1.7       1.9       2.1       2.4       2.6
    Surplus...............................       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                          ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS

Introduction

  The Nation's overall economic performance, the best in over a 
generation, is getting even better. Strong economic growth last year has 
been followed by even stronger growth so far this year. Job 
opportunities are plentiful and payrolls continue to expand. The 
unemployment rate has fallen further this year, dropping to the lowest 
level in nearly three decades. Despite rapid growth and low 
unemployment, inflation has declined to rates not seen since the 1960s. 
The ``Misery Index''--the sum of the inflation and unemployment rates--
is at its lowest level in over 30 years.
  In this extraordinary economic environment, optimism abounds. Consumer 
surveys reveal the highest level of confidence in at least three 
decades. Businesses are confident in the future and are spending heavily 
on new capacity-augmenting plant and equipment. Investors continue to 
propel equity markets to record highs. On foreign exchange markets, 
confidence in the U.S. economy has pushed the value of the dollar to its 
highest level in nearly a decade.
  This remarkable performance has been fostered by prudent fiscal and 
monetary polices. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 and last 
summer's Balanced Budget Act ended years of growing budget deficits and 
began an era of surpluses. The budget balance has swung from a $290 
billion deficit in 1992 to an estimated $39 billion surplus this year. 
Based on Administration policies, the surplus would grow to $342 billion 
by 2008.
  Monetary policy has succeeded in gradually reducing inflation without 
sacrificing economic growth. The Federal Reserve has tightened monetary 
policy when inflationary pressures appeared to be building and relaxed 
policy when growth and inflationary pressures eased. Since January 1996, 
monetary policy has been basically unchanged.
  The sound fiscal and monetary policies now in place, along with the 
highly favorable economic trends underway, will enable the expansion to 
extend its outstanding record of sustained growth, strong job creation, 
low unemployment and low inflation. The expansion that began in April 
1991 has just entered its eighth year. By December, it will become the 
second longest of all time, and the longest in peacetime. If the economy 
continues to grow through February 2000, as most forecasters anticipate, 
this expansion will become the longest on record.

Recent Developments

  Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) expanded at a robust 4.2 percent 
annual rate in the first quarter, following a 3.7 percent advance during 
the four quarters of 1997. Growth was led by consumer spending, 
residential investment, and business investment in equipment, offset to 
some extent by a decline in Federal Government spending and a 
significant widening of the net export deficit. The larger foreign 
sector deficit subtracted nearly two percentage points from first 
quarter growth, due in part to a sharp decline of exports to Asian 
countries severely weakened by currency and other crises.
  The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose at just a 0.9 percent annual rate 
during the first four months of this year, down from a 1.7 percent 
advance during 1997. The GDP chain-weighted price index rose at only a 
0.9 percent annual rate in the first quarter, the smallest advance since 
1963. This measure, which includes the prices of exports and subtracts 
the prices of imports, reflects the prices of goods and services 
produced in the United States but sold anywhere. A better measure of the 
prices of goods and services we buy is the price index for gross 
domestic purchases, which includes the prices paid by consumers, 
businesses and government for all their purchases, whether produced here 
or abroad. By this measure, for the first time since 1954, there was no 
inflation at all. Low inflation across a wide spectrum of the economy 
reflects intense competition from both domestic and foreign suppliers. 
In addition, energy, food and quality-adjusted computer prices fell 
sharply in the first quarter.
  During the first four months of this year, the Nation's payrolls rose 
by 900,000 jobs. The healthy pace of job creation helped pull the 
unemployment rate down to 4.3 percent in April, the lowest level since 
February 1970. The employment-population ratio set a record high this 
year at 64.2 percent. All demographic groups have benefited from the 
robust labor market. Unemployment rates for key groups are at the lowest 
level in a quarter century or more.
  Despite strong growth, short-term interest rates edged down this year, 
and long-term rates have remained on a low plateau. The three-month 
Treasury bill rate was 5.0 percent in mid-May, about 20 basis points 
lower than in December, while the 30-year Treasury bond yield was just 
under six percent, close to its December level.

Revised Economic Assumptions

  The economic assumptions underlying the Mid-Session Review are similar 
to those in the February Budget. The Administration, like most 
forecasters, expects a moderation in the pace of economic activity 
beginning with the current quarter. In part, more moderate growth this 
year is expected to result from a further widening of our net export 
balance because of the adjustments underway in Asian economies, the rise 
in the dollar in recent years, and the faster U.S. economic growth 
relative to that of our trading partners. Beyond this year, the growth 
moderation reflects the view that at current low levels of unemployment, 
growth cannot be maintained at its recent rapid pace without creating 
strong inflationary pressures. This view is consistent with mainstream 
empirical economic research. Although the economy might perform even 
better than this, it is prudent to base budget estimates on 
conservative, conventional assumptions.
  The Administration's economic assumptions project real GDP to grow 2.0 
percent per year for the next three years. During the following six 
years, growth is expected to average 2.4 percent per year --the 
Administration's estimate of the long-run, sustainable noninflationary 
growth rate of the economy. Potential GDP growth of 2.4 percent annually 
can be divided into a 1.3 percent trend growth of productivity and a 1.1 
percent trend growth of the labor force. During 1999-2000, potential 
growth may be 0.1 percentage point faster, in part because welfare 
reform may boost labor force growth slightly. During 2008, potential 
growth is projected to be 2.3 percent because of an anticipated slower 
growth of the workforce as the first wave of the baby-boom generation 
enters retirement.
  Real GDP growth of two percent per year is consistent with a gradual 
rise in the unemployment rate of about one-quarter percentage point per 
year during the next three years. Beginning in mid-2000, the 
unemployment rate is projected to remain at 5.4 percent, the 
Administration's estimate of the rate consistent with stable inflation.
  The inflation projection is similar to that of the FY 1999 Budget, 
although inflation during 1998 has been revised downward to reflect the 
recent very favorable performance. During the next few years, when the 
unemployment rate is below 5.4 percent, inflation is projected to creep 
up gradually to rates that are more typical of the last few years. The 
GDP chain-weighted price index is projected to rise 2.2 percent during 
the year 2000 and each year thereafter. The Consumer Price Index is 
projected to rise 2.3 percent per year beginning in the year 2000. These 
rates are about one-half percentage point higher than during 1997.
  The inflation projections incorporate recent and prospective 
methodological improvements in the measurement of the Consumer Price 
Index. A very important change that will be instituted beginning in 
January 1999 is the use of geometric means, rather than arithmetic 
means, for most lower level aggregation. This improvement is expected to 
slow the annual growth of the CPI by 0.2 percentage point. The 
cumulative effect of all the improvements is estimated to result in a 
0.7 percentage point slower annual rise in the CPI by 1999 and beyond 
relative to the methodology in use at the end of 1994. (For further 
details, see Analytical Perspectives, FY 1999 Budget, page 6.)
  The Administration's estimate of potential GDP growth incorporates the 
methodological improvements to the CPI which add a cumulative total of 
0.2 percentage point to the growth by 1999. Potential growth is affected 
by these changes because nominal spending is adjusted for inflation to 
determine real economic growth. Thus, assuming that nominal spending is 
held fixed, reductions in measured inflation increase measured real 
growth.
  The Mid-Session Review interest rate projection is nearly identical to 
that of the FY 1999 Budget. Short-term interest rates are projected to 
decline gradually over the forecast horizon. By 2001, the three-month 
Treasury bill rate is expected to be 4.7 percent, about 30 basis points 
lower than the rate in mid-May. The 10-year Treasury bond rate is 
projected to remain at its recent level of 5.6 percent, 10 basis points 
below the Budget's projection.
  On the income side, taxable incomes as a share of GDP are similar to 
those in the Budget, but the composition has been changed slightly. The 
share of profits has been scaled back and the share of wages and 
salaries has been correspondingly increased to reflect recent trends.

                                       Table 2.  ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS  \1\                                      
                                  (Calendar years; dollar amounts in billions)                                  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   Projections                  
                                                        Actual -------------------------------------------------
                                                         1997    1998    1999    2000    2001     2002     2003 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross Domestic Product (GDP):                                                                                   
  Levels, dollar amounts in billions:                                                                           
    Current dollars...................................   8,080   8,456   8,795   9,161   9,559   10,003   10,468
    Real, chained (1992) dollars......................   7,189   7,400   7,550   7,701   7,863    8,051    8,245
    Chained price index (1992 = 100), annual average..   112.4   114.3   116.5   119.0   121.6    124.3    127.0
  Percent change, fourth quarter over fourth quarter:                                                           
    Current dollars...................................     5.6     4.2     4.1     4.2     4.4      4.7      4.6
    Real, chained (1992) dollars......................     3.7     2.4     2.0     2.0     2.2      2.4      2.4
    Chained price index (1992 = 100), annual average..     1.8     1.7     2.0     2.2     2.2      2.2      2.2
  Percent change, year over year:                                                                               
    Current dollars...................................     5.8     4.7     4.0     4.2     4.4      4.6      4.6
    Real, chained (1992) dollars......................     3.8     2.9     2.0     2.0     2.1      2.4      2.4
    Chained price index (1992 = 100), annual average..     2.0     1.7     2.0     2.1     2.2      2.2      2.2
                                                                                                                
Incomes, billions of current dollars:                                                                           
    Corporate profits before tax......................     730     728     735     756     786      824      856
    Wages and salaries................................   3,877   4,126   4,295   4,473   4,662    4,871    5,097
    Other taxable income \2\..........................   1,782   1,848   1,910   1,969   2,030    2,101    2,181
                                                                                                                
Consumer Price Index (all urban): \3\                                                                           
    Level (1982-84 = 100), annual average.............   160.6   163.2   166.5   170.2   174.2    178.2    182.3
    Percent change, fourth quarter over fourth quarter     1.9     1.6     2.1     2.3     2.3      2.3      2.3
    Percent change, year over year....................     2.3     1.6     2.1     2.2     2.3      2.3      2.3
                                                                                                                
Unemployment rate, civilian, percent:                                                                           
    Fourth quarter level..............................     4.7     4.8     5.0     5.2     5.4      5.4      5.4
    Annual average....................................     5.0     4.7     5.0     5.2     5.4      5.4      5.4
                                                                                                                
Federal pay raises, January, percent:                                                                           
    Military \4\......................................     3.0     2.8     3.1     3.0     3.0      3.0      3.0
    Civilian \5\......................................     3.0     2.8     3.1     3.0     3.0      3.0      3.0
                                                                                                                
Interest rates, percent:                                                                                        
    91-day Treasury bills \6\.........................     5.1     5.0     4.9     4.8     4.7      4.7      4.7
    10-year Treasury notes............................     6.4     5.6     5.6     5.6     5.6      5.6      5.6
                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Based on information available as of April 1998.                                                            
\2\ Rent, interest, dividend and proprietor's components of personal income.                                    
\3\ CPI for all urban consumers. Two versions of the CPI are published. The index shown here is that currently  
  used, as required by law, in calculating automatic adjustments to individual income tax brackets. Projections 
  reflect scheduled changes in methodology.                                                                     
\4\ Beginning with the 1999 increase, percentages apply to basic pay only; adjustments for housing and          
  subsistence allowances will be determined by the Secretary of Defense.                                        
\5\ Overall average increase, including locality pay adjustments.                                               
\6\ Average rate (bank discount basis) on new issues within period.                                             



                                RECEIPTS

  The current estimates of receipts for 1998 and 1999 exceed the budget 
estimates by $45.9 billion and $41.5 billion, respectively. The 
estimates for subsequent years have been revised upward by similar 
amounts. These changes result primarily from revised economic 
projections and technical reestimates.
  Revised economic projections increase receipts by $10.7 billion in 
1998, $16.1 billion in 1999, and $13.7 billion to $15.1 billion in each 
subsequent year. Higher levels of wages and salaries, partially offset 
by reductions in non-wage sources of personal income, increase 
collections of individual income taxes and payroll taxes throughout the 
forecast period. Lower shares of corporate profits in GDP partially 
offset the increases in individual income taxes and payroll taxes in 
each year.
  Higher-than-anticipated collections of individual income taxes account 
for most of the $35.3 billion technical revision in 1998 receipts. Most 
of the increase in individual income taxes is higher-than-anticipated 
withheld and estimated payments of 1998 tax liability, which the 
Administration believes will lead to higher receipts throughout the 
forecast period. Also contributing to the technical increase in 1998 
receipts are higher-than-anticipated net final settlements of 1997 
income tax liability by individuals.


                                     

                                          Table 3.  CHANGE IN RECEIPTS                                          
                                            (In billions of dollars)                                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   1998     1999     2000     2001     2002     2003   1999-2003
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
February estimate..............................  1,657.9  1,742.7  1,793.6  1,862.6  1,949.3  2,028.2           
                                                                                                                
Change since February:                                                                                          
  Revised economic assumptions.................     10.7     16.1     13.7     14.3     13.9     15.1      73.2 
  Technical reestimates........................     35.3     25.4     27.3     25.5     27.0     28.8     134.1 
  Administrative action........................     -0.1     -0.1     -0.1     -0.1     -0.1     -0.1      -0.3 
                                                ----------------------------------------------------------------
    Total change...............................     45.9     41.5     41.0     39.7     40.9     43.8     207.0 
                                                                                                                
Mid-Session estimate...........................  1,703.8  1,784.3  1,834.5  1,902.3  1,990.2  2,072.0           
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                SPENDING

  The new estimate of total 1998 outlays is $1,664.7 billion, $3.1 
billion lower than the February budget estimate. The reduction arises 
largely from revised technical assumpions offset by increases enacted in 
the Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions Act for 1998. The 
Adminstration now estimates total outlays for 1999 at $1,730.0 billion, 
$3.2 billion below the February estimate. Reductions from changed 
economic assumptions more than offset increases resulting from policy 
adjustments and revised technical assumptions.

Policy changes

  Policy changes are largely due to the Supplemental Appropriations and 
Rescissions Act of 1998. The Act provided discretionary funding for 
Bosnia and Southwest Asia contingency operations and disaster relief. 
The current estimates also reflect the override of the President's veto 
of selected items in the Military Construction Appropriations Act for 
1998. Due to policy changes, estimated outlays for 1998 and 1999 are 
$2.6 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively, higher than in the 1999 
Budget.

Economic changes

  Revisions in economic assumptions, discussed earlier in this report, 
lower estimated outlays by $1.2 billion in 1998, $5.8 billion in 1999, 
and a total of $45.7 billion from 1999 to 2003. These reductions largely 
result from downward revisions in inflation and interest rates. In 
addition, debt service on other changes due to economic assumptions 
contributes to the lower outlay estimates.

Technical changes

  For 1998, estimated outlays are $4.5 billion lower than in February 
for technical reasons. For 1999, technical changes increase outlays by 
$0.8 billion. The following changes in outlay projections all arise from 
technical factors.
  Discretionary programs.--Estimated outlays for discretionary programs 
in 1998 are lower than the budget estimates by $1.6 billion, reflecting 
lower-than-anticipated actual spending for a number of non-defense 
programs, including highways and disaster relief.
  Farm programs.--Spending on farm production programs through the 
Commodity Credit Corporation is projected to rise by 6 percent in 1998 
and 1999, relative to the February budget, but diminish in 2000 through 
2002. In 1998, net outlays are now estimated at $0.7 billion above the 
February estimate. These changes reflect decreased demand for tobacco 
from tobacco companies and decreased demand for cotton and soybeans 
resulting in higher near-term price support loan outlays.
  Deposit insurance.--Net outlays for 1998 for deposit insurance are now 
projected to be $0.6 billion higher than in February, largely reflecting 
slower than expected asset recoveries in the Bank Insurance Fund. 
Estimated 1999 net outlays are $1.4 billion higher than projected in 
February, largely reflecting a shift in timing of recoveries from 
certain RTC securitizations. These recoveries, which are recorded in the 
budget as negative outlays, are now expected to occur in 2000 rather 
than in 1999.
  Medicare.--Current estimates of Medicare outlays are higher than the 
February estimates by $3.1 billion in 1999 for technical reasons. Most 
of this change reflects corrections to estimates of home health 
expenditures for both fee-for-service and managed-care coverage.
  Unemployment insurance.--The revised estimates of unemployment 
insurance for 1998 are less than the budget estimates by $0.6 billion, 
reflecting actual experience to date.
  Food stamps.--Estimated outlays for food stamps are lower than in the 
budget by $0.7 billion in 1998 and $1.2 billion in 1999, reflecting a 
downward revision in average participation level and benefit costs.
  Family support payments.--Actual family support payments to date have 
been lower than anticipated, resulting from States' transition out of 
the repealed AFDC program. This leads to a reduction in estimates of 
1998 outlays of $1.2 billion.
  Earned income tax credit (EITC).--Estimated outlays for EITC are now 
projected to be $1.0 billion and $1.2 billion higher than in February 
for 1998 and 1999, respectively. This increase reflects higher calendar 
year 1997 tax claims in the first several months of the tax season than 
were anticipated.
  Social security.--The revised estimates for Social Security are lower 
than the budget estimates by $2.0 billion in 1998 and $1.2 billion in 
1999, reflecting experience to date, including fewer applications than 
anticipated and lower than anticipated retroactive disability benefits.
  Federal Communications Commission (FCC) spectrum auctions.--Total 
receipts for auctions of spectrum to date have exceeded projections in 
the budget for this year. Because these receipts are recorded as 
negative outlays, 1998 estimated outlays have been reduced by $0.9 
billion. Estimated outlays in 2002 have been increased by $2.3 billion, 
reflecting lower projections of receipts. This reduction reflects a 
decision by the FCC on the amount of spectrum available for the analog 
return auction.
  Naval Petroleum Reserve (NPR) sale proceeds.--Current estimates 
reflect a different pattern of actual receipts than assumed in the 
February estimates. Now that the sale conditions are known, projected 
receipts shift from 1999 into both 1998 and 2000.
  Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) receipts.--Estimates in the budget 
reflected a March, 1998 resolution of Alaska escrow accounts based on a 
final U.S. Supreme Court decree. Delay in the final decree has shifted 
the anticipated settlement date into 1999. Receipts including interest 
on the escrow deposits are now anticipated to be $1.7 billion in 1999.

                                           Table 4.  CHANGE IN OUTLAYS                                          
                                            (In billions of dollars)                                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                          1999- 
                                              1998      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003      2003  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
February estimate.........................   1,667.8   1,733.2   1,785.0   1,834.4   1,859.6   1,945.4          
  Revisions due to:                                                                                             
    Policy changes:                                                                                             
      Discretionary programs..............       2.5       1.7       1.7       0.5       0.1         *       4.0
      Debt service........................         *       0.2       0.3       0.3       0.4       0.4       1.6
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
      Subtotal, policy changes............       2.6       1.9       2.0       0.8       0.4       0.4       5.6
    Economic assumptions:                                                                                       
      Social security.....................        -*      -2.0      -2.9      -2.8      -2.7      -2.5     -12.9
      Other mandatory programs............      -1.0      -1.4      -1.1      -1.2      -1.0      -1.3      -5.9
      Net interest:                                                                                             
        Interest rate.....................        -*      -1.2      -1.9      -2.2      -2.2      -2.2      -9.7
        Debt service......................      -0.1      -1.2      -2.3      -3.4      -4.5      -5.8     -17.2
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
      Subtotal, economic assumptions......      -1.2      -5.8      -8.1      -9.6     -10.4     -11.8     -45.7
    Technical reestimates:                                                                                      
      Discretionary programs..............      -1.6       0.2       0.4       0.5        -*      -0.3       0.7
      Farm programs.......................       0.7       0.3      -0.3      -0.2      -0.2       0.3      -0.1
      Deposit insurance...................       0.6       1.4      -1.6      -0.1      -0.2         *      -0.5
      Medicare............................      -0.4       3.1       2.4       2.1       2.1       2.2      12.0
      Unemployment insurance..............      -0.6       0.1       0.3       0.3       0.3       0.3       1.4
      Food stamps.........................      -0.7      -1.2      -1.4      -1.3      -1.2      -1.7      -6.8
      Family support payments.............      -1.2      -0.1        --        --        --        --      -0.1
      EITC................................       1.0       1.2       1.2       1.2       1.3       1.3       6.1
      Social security.....................      -2.0      -1.2      -1.5      -1.8      -1.9      -2.0      -8.4
      FCC spectrum auction................      -0.9      -0.1        --       0.2       2.3      -0.8       1.5
      NPR sale proceeds...................      -0.4       0.7      -0.3        --        --        --       0.4
      OCS receipts (net)..................       0.1      -0.4        --        --        --        --      -0.4
      Other mandatory.....................      -0.8       0.5       1.3       1.1       1.2       1.4       5.5
      Net interest:                                                                                             
        OCS settlement escrow.............       1.1      -1.2        --        --        --        --      -1.2
        Other \1\.........................       0.4      -2.5      -5.6      -8.1     -10.5     -12.7     -39.4
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, technical reestimates.......      -4.5       0.8      -5.1      -6.0      -7.0     -11.9     -29.2
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, changes......................      -3.1      -3.2     -11.2     -14.7     -16.9     -23.4     -69.4
                                                                                                                
Mid-Session estimate......................   1,664.7   1,730.0   1,773.9   1,819.7   1,842.6   1,922.0          
                                                                                                                
Memorandum:                                                                                                     
  Discretionary budget authority:                                                                               
    February estimate.....................     555.4     570.6     575.0     582.5     588.6     604.2          
      IMF.................................      17.9        --        --        --        --        --        --
      Other...............................       3.2       0.1       0.1      -0.4      -0.4      -0.4      -0.9
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, change.....................      21.1       0.1       0.1      -0.4      -0.4      -0.4      -0.9
    Mid-Session estimate..................     576.5     570.7     575.1     582.1     588.2     603.9          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* $50 million or less                                                                                           
                                                                                                                
\1\ Includes debt service.                                                                                      


                             SUMMARY TABLES



         Table 5.  ESTIMATED SPENDING FROM 1999 BALANCES OF BUDGET AUTHORITY: DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS \1\        
                                            (In billions of dollars)                                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                          Total 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total balances, end of 1999............................................................................    501.4
Spending from end of 1999 balances in:                                                                          
  2000.................................................................................................    240.2
  2001.................................................................................................    105.0
  2002.................................................................................................     66.4
  2003.................................................................................................     46.2
Expiring balances, 2000 through 2003...................................................................  .......
Unexpended balances at the end of 2003.................................................................     43.4
                                                                                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ This table is required by section 221(b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970.                     

  

                         Table 6.  OUTLAYS FOR MANDATORY PROGRAMS UNDER CURRENT LAW \1\                         
                                            (In billions of dollars)                                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                               Estimate                         
                                              1997   -----------------------------------------------------------
                                             Actual     1998      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human resources programs:                                                                                       
  Education, training, employment and                                                                           
   social services........................      13.7      12.8      13.7      14.3      13.7      12.9      15.0
  Health..................................     100.9     106.6     115.5     122.8     131.8     141.5     152.5
  Medicare................................     187.4     195.0     207.8     216.5     232.0     234.3     255.3
  Income security.........................     191.4     196.0     208.7     219.0     227.2     233.8     242.3
  Social security.........................     362.3     376.1     389.7     404.9     422.4     442.2     462.8
  Veterans' benefits and services.........      20.7      24.0      24.7      26.1      27.8      32.5      34.0
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, human resources programs....     876.5     910.4     960.0   1,003.5   1,054.8   1,097.1   1,161.9
                                                                                                                
Other mandatory programs:                                                                                       
  International affairs...................      -3.8      -4.3      -4.1      -3.8      -3.6      -3.4      -3.2
  Energy..................................      -3.4      -2.8      -4.6      -3.3      -3.3      -3.3      -3.3
  Agriculture.............................       5.0       7.1       7.4       6.5       5.3       5.3       5.9
  Commerce and housing credit.............     -17.6       0.4       2.4       5.8       8.4       8.4       8.0
  Transportation..........................       2.3       2.4       2.2       2.2       1.9       1.2       1.8
  Undistributed offsetting receipts.......     -50.0     -48.0     -42.4     -44.3     -47.4     -54.2     -48.6
  Other functions.........................        -*       1.7       1.0       1.0       0.9       0.6       0.6
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, other mandatory functions...     -67.5     -43.4     -38.1     -35.9     -37.8     -45.4     -38.7
                                           =====================================================================
      Total, outlays for mandatory                                                                              
       programs under current law.........     809.0     867.0     921.9     967.6   1,016.9   1,051.7   1,123.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* $50 million or less.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                
\1\ This table is required by Section 221(b) of the Legislative Reorganizations Act of 1970.                    


                                   Table 7.  MANDATORY PAY-AS-YOU-GO PROPOSALS                                  
                                     (Deficit impact in millions of dollars)                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Estimate                                   
                                           -----------------------------------------------------------   Total  
                                              1998     1999      2000      2001      2002      2003    1999-2003
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spending:                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                
  Agriculture:                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                
    Food stamps:                                                                                                
      Restrict States' ability to increase                                                                      
       Federal outlays by shifting                                                                              
       administrative costs from TANF to                                                                        
       food stamps and medicaid (food                                                                           
       stamps component)..................  .......      -160      -185      -190      -195      -200       -930
      Restore benefits for vulnerable                                                                           
       groups of legal immigrants (food                                                                         
       stamps component)..................      100       535       500       455       460       480      2,430
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, Food Stamps.............      100       375       315       265       265       280      1,500
    Shift certain crop insurance spending                                                                       
     to mandatory.........................  .......       185       123       118       127       137        690
    Limit ``catastrophic'' crop insurance                                                                       
     payments to $100,000.................  .......  ........       -15       -30       -30       -30       -105
    Increase Environmental Quality                                                                              
     Incentive Program (EQIP).............  .......        13        49        70        59        52        243
    Forest Service payments to States                                                                           
     (``delinking from receipts'')........  .......        10        22        30        41        48        151
     Rural EZ/EC economic development                                                                           
     grants for Round II..................  .......  ........         7        16        19        19         61
     Restructure Export Enhancement                                                                             
     Program (EEP) consistent with market                                                                       
     conditions...........................  .......      -230      -359      -258      -258      -270     -1,375
     Restructure CCC cotton user marketing                                                                      
     certificates consistent with market                                                                        
     conditions...........................  .......      -110       -48  ........  ........  ........       -158
     Spend existing and new Forest Service                                                                      
     recreation and entrance fees.........  .......  ........         3         3         3         3         12
                                                                                                                
  Education:                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                
    Fund new teachers to help address                                                                           
     teacher shortages and reduce class                                                                         
     sizes................................  .......        55       780     1,195     1,440     1,632      5,102
                                                                                                                
     Student loan increases...............      312       312       519       627       739       861      3,058
                                                                                                                
    Recall education loan guaranty                                                                              
     reserves.............................  .......  ........      -275      -275      -275      -275     -1,100
     Other student loan reforms...........     -470      -451      -804      -864      -805      -710     -3,634
                                                                                                                
  Health and Human Services:                                                                                    
     Establish Early Learning Fund to                                                                           
     provide challenge grants to                                                                                
     communities for activities that                                                                            
     improve early childhood education and                                                                      
     the quality and safety of child care                                                                       
     for children under five years old....  .......       372       504       591       600       600      2,667
     Increase child care subsidies                                                                              
     provided to poor and near poor                                                                             
     families.............................  .......       798     1,102     1,301     1,519     1,892      6,612
     Medicaid:                                                                                                  
      Restore benefits for vulnerable                                                                           
       groups of legal immigrants                                                                               
       (medicaid component)...............  .......        25        35        50        55        65        230
      Children's health outreach..........  .......       110       150       210       210       220        900
       Restrict States' ability to                                                                              
       increase Federal outlays by                                                                              
       shifting administrative costs from                                                                       
       TANF to food stamps and medicaid                                                                         
       (medicaid component)...............  .......      -340      -360      -380      -410      -440     -1,930
      Medicaid effect from Medicare                                                                             
       changes............................  .......        -5        -5       -10       -10       -10        -40
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, Medicaid................  .......      -210      -180      -130      -155      -165       -840
     Health care:                                                                                               
      Voluntary purchasing cooperatives                                                                         
       for small groups...................  .......        20        20        20        20        20        100
      Increase aid to territories for                                                                           
       children's health insurance........  .......        34        34        34        25        25        153
    Medicare/clinical demonstration:                                                                            
      Medicare buy-in policies............  .......       101       387       363       343       339      1,533
      Medicare program integrity..........  .......      -180      -420      -515      -600      -665     -2,380
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, net effect on Medicare                                                                        
         trust funds......................  .......       -79       -33      -152      -257      -326       -847
       Clinical cancer trials                                                                                   
       demonstration......................  .......       200       250       300  ........  ........        750
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, Medicare/clinical                                                                             
         demonstration....................  .......       121       217       148      -257      -326        -97
    Child Suport Enforcement:                                                                                   
      Repeal hold harmless provision......  .......       -40       -48       -57       -58       -56       -259
      Conform paternity testing match rate                                                                      
       to administrative match rate.......  .......        -8        -8        -8        -8        -9        -41
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, Child Support                                                                                 
         Enforcement......................  .......       -48       -56       -65       -66       -65       -300
    Housing and Urban Development:                                                                              
      Fund new Urban Empowerment Zones....  .......         3        54       123       143       149        472
      Increase FHA single family loan                                                                           
       limit..............................  .......      -228      -241      -234      -233      -237     -1,173
                                                                                                                
    Interior:                                                                                                   
      BLM payments to States (``delinking                                                                       
       from receipts'')...................  .......         6         7        12        14        17         56
      Spend existing and new recreation                                                                         
       and entrance fees..................  .......  ........       -21        33        79        79        170
       Spend existing and new park                                                                              
       concession fees \1\................  .......         5        10        15        16        14         60
       Reduce Sport Fish Restoration                                                                            
       (offsets increase in DOT Boat                                                                            
       Safety account)....................  .......  ........        -3        -6       -10       -14        -33
       Expand cover-over of distilled                                                                           
       spirits tax to Virgin Islands......  .......        12        12        12        12        12         60
                                                                                                                
    Labor:                                                                                                      
      Reauthorize NAFTA-TAA for five years  .......        27        45        52        53        55        232
       Other TAA amendments...............  .......        67        88        97        97        97        446
       PBGC--raise guarantee cap for                                                                            
       multiemployer pensions and other...  .......         1         1         1         3         4         10
       UI ``safety net'' proposal:                                                                              
         UI administrative costs special                                                                        
         distribution.....................  .......       126       101       188       236  ........        651
        Extended benefits.................  .......  ........  ........         9         9         8         26
                                                                                                                
    Transportation:                                                                                             
      Shift St. Lawrence Seaway spending                                                                        
       to mandatory.......................  .......        13        13        13        14        14         67
       Shift Coast Guard Boat Safety                                                                            
       spending to mandatory (partially                                                                         
       offset by reductions in Sport Fish                                                                       
       Restoration).......................  .......        24        42        55        55        55        231
       NEXTEA equity formula change for                                                                         
       distribution of Federal-aid grants                                                                       
       to States..........................       25        53        36        -9       -53       -83        -56
                                                                                                                
    Treasury:                                                                                                   
       Expand cover-over of distilled                                                                           
       spirits tax to Puerto Rico.........  .......        34        34        34        34        34        170
      Shift Winstar/FIRREA litigation                                                                           
       expenses to mandatory                                                                                    
       (reimbursement to Department of                                                                          
       Justice)...........................       10        45        49        43        36        29        202
       EITC and Child Credit (outlay                                                                            
       component).........................  .......       -70      -105      -106      -108      -111       -500
       Miscellaneous activities authorized                                                                      
       in tobacco legislation.............  .......     3,425     3,943     4,582     4,972     5,362     22,284
                                                                                                                
    Veterans:                                                                                                   
       Pay full benefits for Filipinos                                                                          
       residing in the U.S................  .......         5         5         5         5         5         25
       Establish a reserve to fully fund                                                                        
       the ``H'' policyholders in the                                                                           
       National Service Life Insurance                                                                          
       Fund...............................  .......         *         *         *         *         *          2
       Reinstate policy on post-service                                                                         
       tobacco-related illnesses..........  .......      -741    -1,330    -2,291    -6,274    -6,333    -16,969
       Provide a one-time 20% increase in                                                                       
       the Montgomery GI Bill and provide                                                                       
       $100 million a year until 2003 to                                                                        
       increase education and training                                                                          
       programs administered by the                                                                             
       Department of Labor................  .......       291       291       309       306       305      1,502
                                                                                                                
     VA Housing:                                                                                                
      Charge fees to lenders participating                                                                      
       in VA's home loan program to fund                                                                        
       information technology                                                                                   
       improvements:                                                                                            
        Increased technology spending.....  .......         5         5         5  ........  ........         15
        Fees..............................  .......        -5        -5        -5  ........  ........        -15
       Eliminate the vendee loan program..  .......        -2        -9        -9       -11       -12        -43
                                                                                                                
    Environmental Protection Agency:                                                                            
      Provide funding for Superfund orphan                                                                      
       shares.............................  .......       200       200       200       200       200      1,000
                                                                                                                
    Social Security Administration:                                                                             
      Expand authority to collect SSI                                                                           
       overpayments.......................  .......       -35       -40       -35       -30       -30       -170
       Adjust discretionary caps to fund                                                                        
       SSI non-disability redeterminations  .......        46         4  ........  ........  ........         50
      Return to work pilot for recipients                                                                       
       of disability benefits (SSI):......  .......        -4        -4        -4        -3        -3        -18
                                                                                                                
    District of Columbia:                                                                                       
      Make annual contribution to the DC                                                                        
       Judicial Retirement Fund mandatory.  .......         6         6         6         6         6         30
                                                                                                                
    Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation                                                                       
     (FDIC):                                                                                                    
      State bank examination fee (Non-Fed                                                                       
       member state banks)................  .......       -89       -94       -97      -101      -106       -487
                                                                                                                
    Railroad Retirement Board:                                                                                  
      Conforming Social Security                                                                                
       Equivalent Benefits to Social                                                                            
       Security...........................  .......        32        48        49        49        49        227
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, pay-as-you-go spending                                                                        
         proposals........................      -23     4,498     5,100     5,843     2,527     3,293     21,261
Receipts:                                                                                                       
  Provide new incentives..................      459     3,220     5,125     5,469     4,987     5,378     24,179
  Eliminate unwarranted benefits..........     -323    -4,342    -4,289    -4,725    -4,699    -4,959    -23,014
  Receipts from tobacco legislation.......  .......    -9,795   -11,787   -13,283   -14,544   -16,085    -65,494
  Superfund initiative....................      -75    -1,775    -1,407    -1,410    -1,421    -1,434     -7,447
  All other...............................  .......       -73    -2,147    -2,521    -2,565    -1,339     -8,645
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, pay-as-you-go receipt                                                                             
     proposals............................       61   -12,765   -14,505   -16,470   -18,242   -18,439    -80,421
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
      TOTAL, pay-as-you-go proposals......       38    -8,267    -9,405   -10,627   -15,715   -15,146    -59,160
                                                                                                                
ADDENDUM:                                                                                                       
  Proposals not subject to pay-as-you-go:                                                                       
    Spending:                                                                                                   
      HUD:                                                                                                      
         Equity share relaxation..........  .......        -2        -1        -2  ........  ........         -5
      Interior:                                                                                                 
        Utah mitigation receipts..........  .......         1  ........  ........  ........  ........          1
      Labor:                                                                                                    
         Special benefits.................  .......       -13       -29       -31       -16        46        -43
         UI integrity.....................  .......      -118      -160      -160      -160      -160       -758
      Social Security Administration:                                                                           
         Savings from SSI non-disability                                                                        
         redetermination..................  .......      -105      -120        -8        -4        -3       -240
        Interactive effect of Medicare                                                                          
         initiatives......................  .......        20       107       136       144       138        545
         Return to work pilot for                                                                               
         recipients of disability benefits                                                                      
         (DI):............................  .......  ........        -5         1         7        13         16
      FDIC:                                                                                                     
         Migration of Fed and FDIC                                                                              
         retirees and certain active                                                                            
         employees to FEHBP (FDIC                                                                               
         component).......................       -6       -13       -14       -15       -17       -19        -78
      Morris K. Udall Scholarship Fund:                                                                         
         End of receipt of Federal                                                                              
         payments to the fund, which are                                                                        
         extended in the baseline but not                                                                       
         proposed for continuation........  .......  ........  ........  ........  ........         2          2
      Undistributed offsetting receipts:                                                                        
         Adjust timing of BBA-97 spectrum                                                                       
         receipts.........................  .......  ........    -1,800       500     1,300  ........  .........
        Employer share impact of FERS                                                                           
         ``open season'' repeal...........        3        93       113       119       125       171        621
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
          Subtotal, non-pay-as-you-go                                                                           
           spending proposals.............       -3      -137    -1,909       540     1,379       188         61
    Receipts:                                                                                                   
      Repeal FERS open season (will score                                                                       
       as discretionary)..................       -6      -167      -201      -212      -224      -232     -1,036
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, proposals not subject to                                                                         
         pay-as-you-go....................       -9      -304    -2,110       328     1,155       -44       -975
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Includes shift of existing fees from miscellaneous receipts recorded in the Department of the Treasury to   
  special fund receipts in the Department of the Interior.                                                      


                                    Table 8.  EFFECT OF PROPOSALS ON RECEIPTS                                   
                                            (In millions of dollars)                                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        Estimate                          Total 
                                                 ------------------------------------------------------   1999- 
                                                    1998     1999     2000     2001     2002     2003     2003  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Provide tax relief and extend expiring                                                                          
 provisions:                                                                                                    
  Make child care more affordable:                                                                              
    Increase and simplify child and dependent                                                                   
     care tax credit............................  .......     -266   -1,259   -1,148   -1,199   -1,241    -5,113
    Establish tax credit for employer-provided                                                                  
     child care.................................  .......      -38      -77     -108     -124     -131      -478
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
      Subtotal, make child care more affordable.  .......     -304   -1,336   -1,256   -1,323   -1,372    -5,591
  Promote energy efficiency and improve the                                                                     
   environment:                                                                                                 
    Provide tax credit for energy-efficient                                                                     
     building equipment.........................  .......     -123     -223     -283     -341     -409    -1,379
    Provide tax credit for the purchase of new                                                                  
     energy-efficient homes.....................  .......       -7      -23      -38      -54      -75      -197
    Provide tax credit for high-fuel-economy                                                                    
     vehicles...................................  .......  .......  .......      -60     -200     -400      -660
    Equalize treatment of parking and transit                                                                   
     benefits...................................  .......       -4      -11      -16      -23      -30       -84
    Provide investment tax credit for CHP                                                                       
     systems....................................       10     -270     -281     -113      -95     -183      -942
    Provide tax credit for replacement of                                                                       
     certain circuitbreaker equipment...........  .......       -3       -9      -11       -8       -5       -36
    Provide tax credit for certain PFC and HFC                                                                  
     recycling equipment........................  .......       -3       -7       -7       -6       -3       -26
    Provide tax credit for rooftop solar                                                                        
     equipment..................................  .......       -6      -16      -24      -31      -43      -120
    Extend wind and biomass tax credit..........  .......       -5      -20      -38      -55      -73      -191
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
      Subtotal, promote energy efficiency and                                                                   
       improve the environment..................       10     -421     -590     -590     -813   -1,221    -3,635
  Promote expanded retirement savings...........      -42     -139     -191     -205     -190     -190      -915
  Expand education incentives:                                                                                  
    Provide incentives for public school                                                                        
     construction...............................  .......     -215     -865   -1,309   -1,309   -1,309    -5,007
    Extend and expand exclusion for employer-                                                                   
     provided educational assistance............      -10     -234     -299     -408      -98  .......    -1,039
    Eliminate tax when forgiving student loans                                                                  
     subject to income contingent repayment.....  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  ........
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
      Subtotal, expand education incentives.....      -10     -449   -1,164   -1,717   -1,407   -1,309    -6,046
  Increase low-income housing tax credit per                                                                    
   capita cap...................................  .......      -45     -167     -306     -448     -593    -1,559
  Extend expiring provisions:                                                                                   
    Extend work opportunity tax credit..........       -5     -206     -279     -181      -72      -40      -778
    Extend welfare-to-work tax credit...........  .......      -11      -53      -51      -37      -17      -169
    Extend R&E tax credit.......................     -365     -802     -608     -261     -124      -49    -1,844
    Extend deduction provided for contributions                                                                 
     of appreciated stock to private foundations  .......      -40      -27  .......  .......  .......       -67
    Make permanent the expensing of brownfields                                                                 
     remediation costs..........................  .......  .......  .......     -133     -205     -196      -534
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
      Subtotal, extend expiring provisions......     -370   -1,059     -967     -626     -438     -302    -3,392
  Modify international trade provisions:                                                                        
    Extend GSP and modify other trade provisions                                                                
     \1\........................................  .......     -548     -477     -485      -18      -19    -1,547
    Extend and modify Puerto Rico economic-                                                                     
     activity tax credit........................  .......      -42      -79     -124     -165     -197      -607
    Levy tariff on certain textiles and apparel                                                                 
     products produced in the CNMI \1\..........  .......  .......      187      187      187      187       748
    Expand Virgin Island tariff credits \1\.....  .......  .......       -*       -*       -2       -1        -3
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
      Subtotal, modify international trade                                                                      
       provisions \1\...........................  .......     -590     -369     -422        2      -30    -1,409
  Provide other tax incentives:                                                                                 
    Expand tax incentives for SSBICs............       -*       -*       -*       -*       -*       -*        -*
    Accelerate and expand start-up of incentives                                                                
     available to two new empowerment zones.....  .......      -44      -19  .......  .......  .......       -63
    Make first $2,000 of severance pay exempt                                                                   
     from income tax............................  .......      -42     -169     -174     -180     -185      -750
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
      Subtotal, provide other tax incentives....       -*      -86     -188     -174     -180     -185      -813
  Simplify the tax laws.........................      -47     -126     -142     -138     -136      -89      -631

[[Page 352]]

                                                                                                                
  Enhance taxpayers' rights.....................  .......       -1      -11      -35      -54      -87      -188
                                                 ===============================================================
    Subtotal, provide tax relief and extend                                                                     
     expiring provisions \1\....................     -459   -3,220   -5,125   -5,469   -4,987   -5,378   -24,179
                                                                                                                
Eliminate unwarranted benefits and adopt other                                                                  
 revenue measures:                                                                                              
  Defer deduction for interest and OID on                                                                       
   convertible debt.............................        2       10       22       34       44       54       164
  Eliminate dividends-received deduction for                                                                    
   certain preferred stock......................        3       10       20       30       41       53       154
  Repeal percentage depletion for non-fuel                                                                      
   minerals mined on Federal and formerly                                                                       
   Federal lands................................  .......       92       94       96       97       99       478
  Repeal tax-free conversions of large C                                                                        
   corporations to S corporations...............  .......        1       13       31       44       55       144
  Replace sales-source rules with activity-based                                                                
   rules........................................  .......      580    1,356    1,456    1,545    1,634     6,571
  Modify rules relating to foreign oil and gas                                                                  
   extraction income............................  .......        5       62      102      107      112       388
  Repeal lower-of-cost-or-market inventory                                                                      
   accounting method............................       16      407      507      417      237       79     1,647
  Increase penalties for failure to file correct                                                                
   information returns..........................  .......        6       12       15       19       13        65
  Tighten the substantial understatement penalty                                                                
   for large corporations.......................  .......  .......       25       42       43       37       147
  Repeal exemption for withholding on gambling                                                                  
   winnings from bingo and keno in excess of                                                                    
   $5,000.......................................  .......       17        4        1        1        1        24
  Reinstate oil spill excise tax \1\............       34      238      241      243      248      251     1,221
  Modify Federal Unemployment Act provisions....  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  .......  ........
  Extend pro-rata disallowance of tax-exempt                                                                    
   interest expense that applies to banks to all                                                                
   financial intermediaries.....................        4       10       17       22       26       30       105
  Increase proration percentage for P&C                                                                         
   insurance companies..........................      -16       43       55       76       96      126       396
  Preclude certain taxpayers from prematurely                                                                   
   claiming losses from receivables.............  .......      416       57       62       65       68       668
  Restrict special net operating loss carryback                                                                 
   rules for specified liability losses.........  .......       12       21       22       24       25       104
  Freeze grandfather status of stapled (or                                                                      
   ``paired-share'') REITs......................        3        9       17       25       35       46       132
  Restrict impermissible business indirectly                                                                    
   conducted by REITs...........................  .......        1        2        4        5        7        19
  Modify treatment of closely held REITs........  .......       29       12       16       18       19        94
  Modify depreciation method for tax-exempt use                                                                 
   property.....................................  .......        1        5       11       16       22        55
  Impose excise tax on purchase of structured                                                                   
   settlements \1\..............................  .......       10       14       18       19       21        82
  Clarify and expand math-error procedures......  .......       48       67       69       70       72       326
  Clarify the meaning of ``subject to''                                                                         
   liabilities under section 357(c).............        4       10       16       23       30       37       116
  Simplify foster child definition under EITC...  .......  .......        6        6        6        6        24
  Clarify tie-breaker rule under EITC...........  .......        *        *        *        *        *         *
  Eliminate non-business valuation discounts....  .......  .......      232      242      260      274     1,008
  Eliminate ``Crummey'' rule....................  .......  .......       20       21       22       24        87
  Eliminate gift tax exemption for personal                                                                     
   residence trusts.............................  .......       -1       -1        1        7       19        25
  Include QTIP trust assets in surviving                                                                        
   spouse's estate..............................  .......  .......        2        2        2        2         8
  Apply 7.7% capitalization rate to credit life                                                                 
   insurance premiums...........................        6       22       34       32       21       10       119
  Modify corporate-owned life insurance (COLI)                                                                  
   rules........................................      251      409      414      434      460      487     2,204
  Modify reserve rules for annuity contracts....  .......    1,815      674      821      639      692     4,641
  Tax certain exchanges of insurance contracts                                                                  
   and reallocations of assets within variable                                                                  
   insurance contracts..........................        2       37       95      168      259      368       927
  Reduce ``investment in the contract'' for                                                                     
   mortality and expense charges on certain                                                                     
   insurance contracts..........................  .......        1        2       11       28       58       100
  Amend 80/20 company rules.....................       13       36       48       49       51       52       236
  Prescribe regulatory directive to address tax                                                                 
   avoidance involving foreign built-in losses..  .......       30       51       52       54       56       243
  Prescribe regulatory directive to address tax                                                                 
   avoidance through use of hybrids.............  .......       27       54       54       44       34       213

[[Page 353]]

                                                                                                                
  Modify foreign office material participation                                                                  
   exception applicable to inventory sales                                                                      
   attributable to nonresident's U.S. office....        1        7       10       10       11       11        49
  Stop abuse of CFC exception to ownership                                                                      
   requirements.................................  .......        4        9        7        5        5        30
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, eliminate unwarranted benefits and                                                                
     adopt other revenue measures \1\...........      323    4,342    4,289    4,725    4,699    4,959    23,014
                                                                                                                
Other provisions that affect receipts:                                                                          
  Reinstate environmental tax imposed on                                                                        
   corporate taxable income \2\.................  .......    1,074      696      690      690      691     3,841
  Reinstate Superfund excise taxes \1\..........       75      701      711      720      731      743     3,606
  Extend excise taxes on gasoline, diesel fuel                                                                  
   and special motor fuels \1\..................  .......  .......      371      382      391      403     1,547
  Convert airport and airway trust fund taxes to                                                                
   a cost-based user fee system \1\.............  .......  .......    1,700    1,700    1,700      850     5,950
  Receipts from tobacco legislation.............  .......    9,795   11,787   13,283   14,544   16,085    65,494
  Assess fees for examination of bank holding                                                                   
   companies and State-chartered member banks                                                                   
   (receipt effect) \1\.........................  .......       72       75       78       81       85       391
  Transfer retirees and certain active employees                                                                
   of the FDIC and Board of Governors of the                                                                    
   Federal Reserve to FEHBP (receipt effect)....  .......        1        1        1        1        1         5
  Repeal FERS open season (receipt effect)......        6      167      201      212      224      232     1,036
  Create solvency incentive for State                                                                           
   unemployment trust fund accounts \1\.........  .......  .......  .......      360      392  .......       752
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, other provisions that affect                                                                      
     receipts \1\...............................       81   11,810   15,542   17,426   18,754   19,090    82,622
                                                                                                                
    Total effect of proposals \1\...............      -55   12,932   14,706   16,682   18,466   18,671    81,457
                                                                                                                
      (Paygo proposals) \1\.....................      -61   12,765   14,505   16,470   18,242   18,439    80,421
      (Non-paygo proposals).....................        6      167      201      212      224      232     1,036
                                                                                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* $500,000 or less.                                                                                             
                                                                                                                
\1\ Net of income offsets.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                
\2\ Net of deductibility for income tax purposes.                                                               


         Table 9.  BUDGET BY CATEGORY OF OUTLAYS AND RECEIPTS: MID-SESSION REVIEW VERSUS FEBRUARY BUDGET        
                                            (In billions of dollars)                                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   1998       1999       2000       2001       2002       2003  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                
                                     1999 Budget Policy (February estimate)                                     
Outlays:                                                                                                        
  Discretionary:                                                                                                
    Defense...................................      265.1      266.5      269.7      270.8      273.1      289.5
    Nondefense................................      287.6      299.7      304.1      304.4      303.6      305.8
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, discretionary...................      552.7      566.2      573.8      575.1      576.8      595.3
  Mandatory:                                                                                                    
    Social security...........................      378.1      392.9      409.3      427.1      447.0      467.5
    Medicare..................................      195.4      204.6      214.2      229.9      232.2      253.1
    Medicaid..................................      101.0      107.7      114.8      123.4      132.6      143.1
    Other.....................................      198.0      220.0      236.4      245.2      243.8      265.8
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, mandatory.......................      872.4      925.2      974.7    1,025.7    1,055.6    1,129.5
  Net interest................................      242.7      241.8      236.5      233.6      227.1      220.6
                                               =================================================================
  Total outlays...............................    1,667.8    1,733.2    1,785.0    1,834.4    1,859.6    1,945.4
                                                                                                                
Receipts......................................    1,657.9    1,742.7    1,793.6    1,862.6    1,949.3    2,028.2
Surplus Reserved Pending Social Security                                                                        
 Reform.......................................         NA        9.5        8.5       28.2       89.7       82.8
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
Surplus/deficit (-)...........................      -10.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0
  On-budget surplus/deficit (-)...............     -106.3      -95.7     -104.9      -94.1      -44.6      -62.8
  Off-budget surplus..........................       96.3      105.3      113.5      122.3      134.4      145.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                
                                            Mid-Session Review Policy                                           
Outlays:                                                                                                        
  Discretionary:                                                                                                
    Defense...................................      267.1      268.7      270.3      270.9      273.2      289.5
    Nondefense................................      286.5      299.4      305.7      305.2      303.6      305.5
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, discretionary...................      553.6      568.1      576.0      576.1      576.8      595.0
  Mandatory:                                                                                                    
    Social security...........................      376.1      389.7      405.0      422.5      442.4      463.0
    Medicare..................................      195.0      207.7      216.5      231.8      234.0      254.9
    Medicaid..................................      101.3      108.1      115.1      123.6      132.7      143.2
    Other.....................................      194.7      220.7      234.2      245.4      246.5      265.6
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, mandatory.......................      867.0      926.2      970.8    1,023.3    1,055.5    1,126.7
  Net interest................................      244.1      235.7      227.0      220.3      210.3      200.3
                                               =================================================================
  Total outlays...............................    1,664.7    1,730.0    1,773.9    1,819.7    1,842.6    1,922.0
                                                                                                                
Receipts......................................    1,703.8    1,784.3    1,834.5    1,902.3    1,990.2    2,072.0
Surplus Reserved Pending Social Security                                                                        
 Reform.......................................       39.1       54.2       60.7       82.7      147.6      150.0
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
Surplus/deficit (-)...........................        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0        0.0
  On-budget surplus/deficit (-)...............      -63.1      -59.3      -62.1      -48.3        5.8       -2.4
  Off-budget surplus..........................      102.2      113.5      122.8      131.0      141.7      152.3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                                                  Table 10.  RECEIPTS BY SOURCE                                                                                 
                                                                                    (In billions of dollars)                                                                                    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                     February estimates                                               Mid-Session estimates                     
                                              1997   actual  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 1998       1999       2000       2001       2002       2003       1998       1999       2000       2001       2002       2003  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Individual income taxes...................        737.5         767.8      791.5      804.6      833.4      877.1      915.5      810.5      832.6      846.2      874.3      917.2      955.8 
 Corporation income taxes..................        182.3         190.8      198.0      202.9      209.2      214.7      220.4      187.7      187.0      190.6      198.1      207.2      216.3 
 Social insurance and retirement receipts..        539.4         571.4      595.9      623.0      649.0      677.8      706.5      575.4      602.5      628.7      652.9      679.8      707.9 
  On-budget................................       (147.4)       (155.4)    (161.8)    (169.1)    (176.3)    (183.5)    (189.9)    (155.5)    (162.9)    (169.7)    (176.1)    (183.0)    (189.3)
  Off-budget...............................       (392.0)       (416.0)    (434.1)    (453.9)    (472.7)    (494.3)    (516.6)    (419.8)    (439.6)    (459.0)    (476.7)    (496.9)    (518.6)
 Excise taxes..............................         56.9          55.5       72.0       69.6       71.6       74.0       74.6       55.6       72.6       70.4       72.3       74.6       75.2 
 Estate and gift taxes.....................         19.8          20.4       20.5       21.6       22.6       24.4       25.6       23.1       24.2       25.5       26.6       28.6       29.8 
 Customs duties............................         17.9          18.4       18.2       19.5       20.4       22.4       24.0       17.9       18.2       20.5       21.4       23.4       25.1 
 Miscellaneous receipts....................         25.5          33.5       46.7       52.2       56.4       59.0       61.4       33.6       47.1       52.6       56.8       59.4       61.8 
                                            ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Total....................................      1,579.3       1,657.9    1,742.7    1,793.6    1,862.6    1,949.3    2,028.2    1,703.8    1,784.3    1,834.5    1,902.3    1,990.2    2,072.0 
   On-budget...............................     (1,187.3)     (1,241.9)  (1,308.6)  (1,339.7)  (1,389.9)  (1,455.0)  (1,511.5)  (1,284.0)  (1,344.6)  (1,375.5)  (1,425.6)  (1,493.3)  (1,553.3)
   Off-budget..............................       (392.0)       (416.0)    (434.1)    (453.9)    (472.7)    (494.3)    (516.6)    (419.8)    (439.6)    (459.0)    (476.7)    (496.9)    (518.6)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                                                  Table 11.  OUTLAYS BY AGENCY                                                                                  
                                                                                    (In billions of dollars)                                                                                    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                              February estimates                                         Mid-Session estimates                  
                                                          1997   actual  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            1998      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003      1998      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Legislative Branch....................................           2.4          2.9       2.8       2.9       2.9       2.9       3.0       2.9       2.8       2.9       2.9       2.9       3.0
 Judicial Branch.......................................           3.3          3.7       4.0       4.0       4.1       4.3       4.4       3.7       4.0       4.0       4.1       4.3       4.4
 Agriculture...........................................          52.5         55.0      54.3      56.4      56.6      58.0      60.3      54.8      53.3      54.4      54.9      56.4      58.5
 Commerce..............................................           3.8          4.1       4.6       6.0       4.1       3.9       3.9       4.1       4.6       6.0       4.1       3.9       3.9
 Defense--Military.....................................         258.3        251.4     252.6     255.8     257.1     259.7     275.8     253.4     254.8     256.4     257.3     259.8     275.8
 Education.............................................          30.0         30.7      33.9      36.2      36.8      36.5      37.8      30.7      33.9      36.2      36.8      36.5      37.8
 Energy................................................          14.5         14.4      15.2      15.2      14.9      14.4      14.6      14.6      15.2      15.2      14.9      14.4      14.6
 Health and Human Services.............................         339.5        359.1     380.8     401.0     427.7     441.4     476.0     357.5     384.2     403.6     429.8     443.3     478.0
 Housing and Urban Development.........................          27.5         31.0      31.6      31.9      31.4      30.8      29.5      30.2      31.8      32.0      31.4      30.8      29.3
 Interior..............................................           6.7          7.9       7.9       8.2       8.2       7.9       8.1       8.0       7.9       8.2       8.2       7.9       8.1
 Justice...............................................          14.3         15.5      18.2      18.5      19.2      18.2      17.9      15.5      18.3      18.7      19.4      18.4      18.0
 Labor.................................................          30.5         32.1      36.0      38.0      39.3      40.1      41.8      30.6      35.2      38.7      39.8      40.9      42.4
 State.................................................           5.2          5.3       5.3       5.4       5.5       5.5       5.5       5.3       5.8       5.8       5.5       5.5       5.5
 Transportation........................................          39.8         40.5      41.3      42.2      42.8      43.5      44.4      40.4      41.6      42.6      43.2      43.7      44.5
 Treasury..............................................         379.3        387.2     399.2     402.3     407.9     410.8     414.4     388.8     395.7     394.6     397.0     397.0     397.4
 Veterans Affairs......................................          39.3         43.1      43.2      43.9      44.7      45.4      47.4      43.1      43.2      43.9      44.7      45.4      47.4
 Corps of Engineers....................................           3.6          4.1       3.5       3.4       3.3       3.3       3.3       4.2       3.5       3.4       3.3       3.3       3.3
 Other Defense Civil Programs..........................          30.3         31.5      32.4      33.4      34.3      35.1      36.0      31.5      32.4      33.4      34.3      35.1      36.0
 Environmental Protection Agency.......................           6.2          6.4       7.1       7.4       7.4       7.3       7.3       6.4       7.1       7.4       7.4       7.3       7.3
 Executive Office of the President.....................           0.2          0.2       0.3       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.3       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2
 Federal Emergency Management Agency...................           3.3          3.7       3.1       2.2       1.5       1.1       0.6       3.2       3.7       3.0       2.1       1.1       0.6
 General Services Administration.......................           1.1          0.9       0.2       0.2       0.2      -0.5       0.1       0.9       0.2       0.2       0.2      -0.5       0.1
 International Assistance Programs.....................          10.1          9.6       9.5      10.2      10.0      10.2      10.2       9.6       9.5      10.2      10.0      10.2      10.2
 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.........          14.4         13.7      13.5      13.3      13.1      13.3      13.4      13.7      13.5      13.4      13.1      13.3      13.4
 National Science Foundation...........................           3.1          3.2       3.4       3.7       3.9       4.0       4.1       3.2       3.4       3.7       3.9       4.0       4.1
 Office of Personnel Management........................          45.4         46.4      48.6      50.8      53.0      54.6      57.8      46.4      48.4      50.4      52.7      54.2      57.4
 Small Business Administration.........................           0.3         -0.1      -0.4      -0.3       0.7       0.7       0.7      -0.1      -0.4      -0.3       0.7       0.7       0.7
 Social Security Administration........................         393.3        410.5     425.7     442.9     461.7     482.4     503.9     408.2     422.2     438.2     456.7     477.5     499.0
 Other Independent Agencies............................          -2.1         14.0      13.7      21.8      22.5      21.9      22.1      14.4      15.1      20.2      22.4      21.6      22.2
 Allowances............................................  ...............  ........       3.2  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........       1.4  ........  ........  ........  ........
 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts.....................        -155.0       -160.2    -161.6    -172.0    -180.9    -197.5    -199.1    -160.6    -162.6    -172.8    -181.6    -196.4    -201.3
                                                        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Total................................................       1,601.2      1,667.8   1,733.2   1,785.0   1,834.4   1,859.6   1,945.4   1,664.7   1,730.0   1,773.9   1,819.7   1,842.6   1,922.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                                                                 Table 12.  OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION                                                                                 
                                                                                    (In billions of dollars)                                                                                    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                     February estimates                                               Mid-Session estimates                     
                                              1997   actual  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 1998       1999       2000       2001       2002       2003       1998       1999       2000       2001       2002       2003  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 National defense..........................        270.5         264.1      265.5      268.7      269.8      272.1      288.5      266.1      267.6      269.3      269.9      272.2      288.5 
 International affairs.....................         15.2          14.5       14.5       15.3       15.4       15.7       15.7       14.7       15.0       15.7       15.4       15.7       15.7 
 General science, space, and technology....         17.2          17.1       17.6       18.2       18.4       18.8       18.9       17.1       17.6       18.2       18.4       18.8       18.9 
 Energy....................................          1.5           0.4       -1.0        0.2       -*         -0.2       -0.1        0.6       -1.0        0.2       -*         -0.2       -0.1 
 Natural resources and environment.........         21.4          23.8       23.2       23.9       23.8       23.2       23.5       24.0       23.2       23.8       23.8       23.2       23.5 
 Agriculture...............................          9.0          10.6       11.0       10.5        9.2        9.1        9.3       11.3       11.4       10.3        9.0        9.0        9.5 
 Commerce and housing credit...............        -14.6           3.5        3.5       11.8       10.9       10.9       10.2        3.6        4.9       10.2       10.8       10.6       10.2 
 Transportation............................         40.8          41.5       42.3       43.1       43.4       43.6       45.0       41.5       42.6       43.5       43.9       43.9       45.1 
 Community and regional development........         11.0          11.8       10.9       10.1        9.7        8.5        7.6       10.9       11.7       11.1       10.4        8.6        7.6 
 Education, training, employment, and                                                                                                                                                           
 social services...........................         53.0          55.1       59.5       62.5       63.3       63.4       65.5       54.6       59.3       63.1       63.4       63.4       65.5 
 Health....................................        123.8         131.8      141.5      149.9      160.1      170.7      183.5      131.8      141.9      150.2      160.3      170.8      183.6 
 Medicare..................................        190.0         198.1      207.3      216.9      232.6      234.9      255.8      197.7      210.3      219.1      234.5      236.7      257.6 
 Income security...........................        230.9         239.3      252.8      263.3      271.6      277.9      287.3      236.8      251.5      262.4      271.1      277.7      286.3 
 Social Security...........................        365.3         381.5      396.2      412.6      430.4      450.2      470.7      379.5      393.0      408.3      425.7      445.6      466.2 
 Veterans benefits and services............         39.3          43.1       43.3       44.0       44.8       45.4       47.5       43.1       43.3       44.0       44.8       45.4       47.5 
 Administration of justice.................         20.2          22.3       25.5       25.9       26.6       25.8       25.7       22.3       25.6       26.1       26.8       26.0       25.8 
 General government........................         12.8          12.9       17.2       17.5       17.9       17.9       18.5       12.9       17.2       17.5       17.9       18.0       18.6 
 Net interest..............................        244.0         242.7      241.8      236.5      233.6      227.1      220.6      244.1      235.7      227.0      220.3      210.3      200.3 
 Allowances................................  ...............  .........       3.2   .........  .........  .........  .........  .........       1.4   .........  .........  .........  .........
 Undistributed offsetting receipts.........        -50.0         -46.4      -42.5      -45.8      -47.2      -55.5      -48.3      -48.0      -42.3      -46.0      -46.7      -52.8      -48.4 
                                            ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Total....................................      1,601.2       1,667.8    1,733.2    1,785.0    1,834.4    1,859.6    1,945.4    1,664.7    1,730.0    1,773.9    1,819.7    1,842.6    1,922.0 
   On-budget...............................     (1,290.6)     (1,348.1)  (1,404.4)  (1,444.6)  (1,484.0)  (1,499.6)  (1,574.3)  (1,347.1)  (1,403.9)  (1,437.6)  (1,473.9)  (1,487.5)  (1,555.7)
   Off-budget..............................       (310.6)       (319.7)    (328.9)    (340.4)    (350.4)    (360.0)    (371.1)    (317.6)    (326.1)    (336.3)    (345.7)    (355.1)    (366.3)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* $50 million or less.                                                                                                                                                                          


                                                                       Table 13.  DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY                                                                      
                                                                                    (In billions of dollars)                                                                                    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                              February estimates                                         Mid-Session estimates                  
                         Agency                           1997   Actual  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            1998      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003      1998      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Legislative Branch....................................           2.2          2.3       2.5       2.5       2.6       2.6       2.7       2.3       2.5       2.5       2.6       2.6       2.7
 Judicial Branch.......................................           3.0          3.2       3.5       3.6       3.8       3.9       4.0       3.2       3.5       3.6       3.8       3.9       4.0
 Agriculture...........................................          15.7         15.6      15.2      15.2      15.2      15.3      15.3      15.9      15.2      15.2      15.2      15.3      15.3
 Commerce..............................................           3.8          4.2       4.9       6.1       4.0       3.9       3.9       4.2       4.9       6.1       4.0       3.9       3.9
 Defense--Military.....................................         254.0        256.1     258.4     264.1     272.3     275.5     285.2     259.2     260.3     264.1     272.3     275.5     285.2
 Education.............................................          26.3         29.4      31.2      31.4      31.5      31.2      31.1      29.4      31.2      31.4      31.5      31.2      31.1
 Energy................................................          16.5         16.5      18.0      17.4      17.0      17.2      17.5      16.7      18.0      17.4      17.0      17.2      17.5
 Health and Human Services.............................          34.4         36.9      38.5      39.7      40.7      42.1      44.2      36.9      38.5      39.7      40.7      42.1      44.2
 Housing and Urban Development.........................          16.4         24.6      25.0      28.1      28.7      29.8      31.1      22.2      24.7      27.7      28.4      29.5      30.8
 Interior..............................................           7.3          8.0       7.9       8.1       8.1       8.1       8.1       8.1       7.9       8.1       8.1       8.1       8.1
 Justice...............................................          16.4         17.3      18.1      17.0      16.7      16.6      16.9      17.3      18.1      17.0      16.7      16.6      16.9
 Labor.................................................          10.2         10.7      11.1      11.0      11.0      11.0      11.1      10.7      11.1      11.0      11.0      11.0      11.1
 State.................................................           4.8          4.7       5.1       4.8       4.9       4.9       4.9       4.7       5.5       5.3       4.9       4.9       4.9
 Transportation........................................          37.8         40.4      41.1      41.6      41.9      42.4      43.0      40.7      41.1      41.6      41.9      42.4      43.0
 Treasury..............................................          10.6         11.5      12.3      11.5      11.5      11.5      11.5      11.5      12.3      11.5      11.5      11.5      11.5
 Veterans Affairs......................................          18.9         18.9      18.9      18.9      18.9      18.9      19.5      18.9      18.9      18.9      18.9      18.9      19.5
 Corps of Engineers....................................           4.1          4.1       3.2       3.5       3.3       3.3       3.4       4.2       3.2       3.5       3.3       3.3       3.4
 Other Defense Civil Programs..........................           0.1          0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1
 Environmental Protection Agency.......................           6.8          7.4       7.8       6.9       6.9       7.0       7.1       7.4       7.8       6.9       6.9       7.0       7.1
 Executive Office of the President.....................           0.2          0.2       0.3       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.3       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2
 Federal Emergency Management Agency...................           5.1          0.8       0.8       0.8       0.8       0.8       0.8       2.4       0.8       0.8       0.8       0.8       0.8
 General Services Administration.......................           0.6          0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1
 International Assistance Programs.....................          10.6         11.6      12.2      11.5      11.2      11.0      11.0      29.5      12.2      11.5      11.2      11.0      11.0
 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.........          13.7         13.6      13.5      13.3      13.3      13.4      13.4      13.6      13.5      13.3      13.3      13.4      13.4
 National Science Foundation...........................           3.3          3.4       3.8       3.9       4.0       4.1       4.2       3.4       3.8       3.9       4.0       4.1       4.2
 Office of Personnel Management........................           0.2          0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2       0.2
 Small Business Administration.........................           0.9          0.8       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.8       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.7
 Social Security Administration........................           5.6          5.5       5.5       5.5       5.5       5.5       5.5       5.5       5.5       5.5       5.5       5.5       5.5
 Other Independent Agencies............................           6.7          7.0       7.4       7.3       7.4       7.2       7.2       7.1       7.4       7.3       7.4       7.2       7.2
 Allowances............................................  ...............  ........       3.2  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........       1.4  ........  ........  ........  ........
 Undistributed Offsetting Receipts.....................  ...............  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........         *  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........
                                                        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Total................................................         536.3        555.4     570.6     575.0     582.5     588.6     604.2     576.5     570.7     575.1     582.1     588.2     603.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* $50 million or less.                                                                                                                                                                          


                                                                      Table 14.  DISCRETIONARY BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION                                                                     
                                                                                    (In billions of dollars)                                                                                    
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                              February estimates                                         Mid-Session estimates                  
                                                          1997   actual  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            1998      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003      1998      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 National defense......................................         266.2        268.6     271.6     277.0     284.8     288.1     298.0     271.7     273.5     277.0     284.8     288.1     298.0
 International affairs.................................          18.2         19.0      20.2      19.2      18.9      18.8      18.8      37.0      20.6      19.7      18.9      18.8      18.8
 General science, space, and technology................          16.6         17.9      18.5      18.5      18.7      19.0      19.1      17.9      18.5      18.5      18.7      19.0      19.1
 Energy................................................           4.2          2.8       3.5       3.2       3.1       3.0       3.0       3.0       3.5       3.2       3.1       3.0       3.0
 Natural resources and environment.....................          22.4         23.2      22.6      22.3      22.0      22.0      22.3      23.5      22.6      22.3      22.0      22.0      22.3
 Agriculture...........................................           4.2          4.3       4.1       3.9       3.9       3.9       3.8       4.4       4.1       3.9       3.9       3.9       3.8
 Commerce and housing credit...........................           2.8          3.2       3.3       5.1       2.9       2.9       2.9       3.1       3.0       4.7       2.6       2.5       2.5
 Transportation........................................          38.7         41.4      41.8      42.3      42.6      43.1      43.7      41.7      41.8      42.3      42.6      43.1      43.7
 Community and regional development....................          13.0          8.7       9.2       8.0       7.8       7.7       7.8      10.3       9.2       8.0       7.8       7.7       7.8
 Education, training, employment, and social services..          42.5         46.4      48.6      49.1      49.4      49.3      48.9      46.4      48.6      49.1      49.4      49.3      48.9
 Health................................................          25.1         26.4      27.5      28.3      29.2      30.5      33.0      26.4      27.5      28.3      29.2      30.5      33.0
 Medicare..............................................           2.6          2.7       2.6       2.6       2.6       2.6       2.7       2.7       2.6       2.6       2.6       2.6       2.7
 Income security.......................................          22.7         31.9      33.0      36.7      37.8      39.0      40.3      29.6      33.0      36.7      37.8      39.0      40.3
 Social Security.......................................           3.5          3.2       3.2       3.2       3.2       3.2       3.2       3.2       3.2       3.2       3.2       3.2       3.2
 Veterans benefits and services........................          18.9         19.0      18.9      18.9      18.9      18.9      19.6      19.0      18.9      18.9      18.9      18.9      19.6
 Administration of justice.............................          22.9         24.2      25.7      24.6      24.4      24.6      25.1      24.2      25.7      24.6      24.4      24.6      25.1
 General government....................................          11.8         12.5      13.0      12.1      12.2      12.0      12.1      12.5      13.0      12.1      12.2      12.0      12.1
 Allowances............................................  ...............  ........       3.2  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........       1.4  ........  ........  ........  ........
 Undistributed offsetting receipts.....................  ...............  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........         *  ........  ........  ........  ........  ........
                                                        ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Total................................................         536.3        555.4     570.6     575.0     582.5     588.6     604.2     576.5     570.7     575.1     582.1     588.2     603.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* $50 million or less.                                                                                                                                                                          


                              Table 15.  FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCING AND DEBT \1\                              
                                            (In billions of dollars)                                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                               Estimates                        
                                              1997   -----------------------------------------------------------
                                             Actual     1998      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financing:                                                                                                      
  Surplus or deficit (-)..................     -21.9      39.1      54.2      60.7      82.7     147.6     150.0
    (On-budget)...........................    -103.3     -63.1     -59.3     -62.1     -48.3       5.8      -2.4
    (Off-budget)..........................      81.4     102.2     113.5     122.8     131.0     141.7     152.3
  Means of financing other than borrowing                                                                       
   from the public:                                                                                             
    Changes in: \2\                                                                                             
      Treasury operating cash balance.....       0.6       3.6        --        --        --        --        --
      Checks outstanding, etc. \3\........       4.0      -2.8      -4.5        --        --        --        --
      Deposit fund balances...............      -0.4         *      -1.7        --        --        --        --
    Seigniorage on coins..................       0.5       0.4       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.7
    Less: Net financing disbursements:                                                                          
      Direct loan financing accounts......     -21.0     -15.0     -15.4     -13.2     -15.4     -14.1     -13.4
      Guaranteed loan financing accounts..       0.1      -0.9      -0.7      -0.5      -0.1      -0.1      -0.1
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, means of financing other                                                                         
         than borrowing from the public...     -16.2     -14.7     -21.6     -13.0     -14.8     -13.5     -12.8
                                           =====================================================================
          Total, requirement for borrowing                                                                      
           from the public................     -38.2      24.4      32.6      47.7      67.9     134.0     137.2
  Change in debt held by the public.......      38.2     -24.4     -32.6     -47.7     -67.9    -134.0    -137.2
                                                                                                                
Debt Outstanding, End of Year:                                                                                  
  Gross Federal debt:                                                                                           
    Debt issued by Treasury...............   5,336.5   5,473.1   5,632.5   5,769.3   5,888.8   5,965.3   6,041.1
    Debt issued by other agencies.........      33.2      29.1      28.0      27.1      26.0      24.9      22.8
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, gross Federal debt...........   5,369.7   5,502.1   5,660.5   5,796.4   5,914.8   5,990.2   6,063.9
  Held by:                                                                                                      
    Government accounts...................   1,598.6   1,755.4   1,946.3   2,129.9   2,316.2   2,525.8   2,736.6
    The public............................   3,771.1   3,746.7   3,714.1   3,666.4   3,598.5   3,464.5   3,327.3
      Federal Reserve Banks...............     424.5                                                            
      Other...............................   3,346.6                                                            
                                                                                                                
Debt Subject to Statutory Limitation, End                                                                       
 of Year:                                                                                                       
  Debt issued by Treasury.................   5,336.5   5,473.1   5,632.5   5,769.3   5,888.8   5,965.3   6,041.1
  Less: Treasury debt not subject to                                                                            
   limitation \4\.........................     -15.5     -15.5     -15.5     -15.5     -15.5     -15.5     -15.5
  Agency debt subject to limitation.......       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1       0.1
  Adjustment for discount and premium \5\.       6.6       6.6       6.6       6.6       6.6       6.6       6.6
                                           ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total, debt subject to statutory                                                                            
     limitation \6\.......................   5,327.6   5,464.2   5,623.6   5,760.4   5,879.9   5,956.4   6,032.2
                                                                                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* $50 million or less.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                
\1\ Treasury securities held by the public and zero-coupon bonds held by Government accounts are almost entirely
  measured at sales price plus amortized discount or less amortized premium. Agency debt is almost entirely     
  measured at face value. Treasury securities in the Government account series are measured at face value less  
  unrealized discount (if any).                                                                                 
                                                                                                                
\2\ A decrease in the Treasury operating cash balance (which is an asset) is a means of financing the deficit   
  and therefore has a positive sign. An increase in checks outstanding or deposit fund balances (which are      
  liabilities) would also be a means of financing the deficit and therefore also have a positive sign.          
                                                                                                                
\3\ Besides checks outstanding, includes accrued interest payable on Treasury debt, miscellaneous liability     
  accounts, allocations of special drawing rights, and, as an offset, cash and monetary assets other than the   
  Treasury operating cash balance, miscellaneous asset accounts, and profit on sale of gold.                    
                                                                                                                
\4\ Consists primarily of Federal Financing Bank debt.                                                          
                                                                                                                
\5\ Consists of unamortized discount (less premium) on public issues of Treasury notes and bonds (other than    
  zero-coupon bonds) and unrealized discount on Government account series securities.                           
                                                                                                                
\6\ The statutory debt limit is $5,950 billion.