[Budget of the United States Government]
[V. Preparing For the 21st Century]
[7. Enforcing the Law]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
7. ENFORCING THE LAW
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We said that we had to keep being tough on criminals, but we had to do
some intelligent things. We said that we had to punish people more, but we
have to give children something to say yes to, and we've had five years of
declining crime rates and last year the biggest drop in violent crime in
35 years.
President Clinton
July 1997
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Over the past five years, the Administration has made significant
progress in cutting crime across the Nation. The strategy has been
simple: put more community police officers on the streets to involve
citizens in partnerships with the law enforcement authorities; impose
punishments that fit the crime for people who break the law; and develop
prevention programs to give children alternatives to crime and drugs and
a chance for a positive future. The results have been extraordinary--
five years of falling crime rates and, in 1996, the biggest drop in
violent crime in 35 years.
Although crime remains mainly a State and local responsibility, the
last five years show that the Federal Government can play an important
role in reducing crime. The budget continues the Administration's
aggressive anti-crime efforts, with a particular emphasis on reducing
juvenile crime and violence. It builds on the success of community-based
efforts such as the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program,
which will put 100,000 more police officers on the street by the year
2000, with a new Community Prosecutors Initiative to help prosecutors
reorient their emphasis from simply processing cases to addressing
quality-of-life issues and preventing crimes from occurring in the first
place. The budget also proposes funds to prevent violence against women,
help States and Indian Tribes build prisons, and address the growing law
enforcement crisis on Indian lands.
The budget strengthens the Administration's aggressive efforts to
control illegal immigration by targeting resources to stop those who
want to enter the United States illegally, detain and quickly remove
those who slip by, and make it harder for illegal immigrants to get
jobs. It proposes to strengthen border enforcement in the South and
West, increase efforts to identify and remove incarcerated illegal
aliens, and expand efforts to verify the employment eligibility of newly
hired non-citizens.
The budget also continues the Administration's commitment to combat
drug use, particularly among young people. It devotes resources to youth
prevention programs in order to change permissive attitudes toward drugs
and reverse the trend of increased drug use by youth. The budget
proposes to expand programs that stress treatment and prevention,
domestic law enforcement, international assistance, and interdiction. It
continues to build on the innovative Drug Courts initiative, provides
$50 million for a new School Drug Prevention Coordinators initiative,
and proposes $85 million for drug testing and treatment of those in the
criminal justice system. It also provides increased funds for targeted
interdiction efforts that enhance port and border security and disrupt
drug trafficking overseas. The budget increases spending for drug
control efforts by about $1.1 billion, to $17.1 billion.
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Fighting Crime
The budget proposes $25.7 billion to control crime, a $1.5 billion
increase over 1998 (see Chart 7-1). Of the total, $5.8 billion would go
for programs authorized in the 1994 Crime Act, an increase of $300
million over 1998 (see Table 7-1). While enhancing Federal anti-crime
capabilities, the budget seeks to empower States and communities, which
play the central role in controlling crime, particularly violent crime.
Community Policing: The cornerstone of the President's program to
fight crime, particularly violent crime, is his plan to place 100,000
more police officers on the streets by 2000. Putting the idea of
community policing into action, the program seeks to cut crime,
violence, and disorder by applying proven, effective programs and
strategies. The COPS initiative will fund almost 83,000 more police
officers by the end of 1998 and, for 1999, the budget proposes $1.4
billion to put 16,000 more officers on the street. COPS also enables
local law enforcement agencies to buy sophisticated crime equipment and
hire support personnel, which, in turn, enable communities to deploy
more officers.
Community Prosecutors Initiative: Community prosecution is the natural
next step to community policing. The budget provides $50 million, on a
competitive basis, for local prosecutors' offices to work directly with
neighborhood residents, join forces with police and other criminal
justice agencies to solve local crime problems, and shift their emphasis
from simply processing cases to preventing crimes from occurring in the
first place.
Law Enforcement on Indian Lands: Homicide and violent crime rates on
Indian lands are rising, even as crime rates in the rest of the country
fall. Indian lands have only 1.3 police officers per 1,000 citizens,
compared with the average of 2.9 officers per 1,000 citizens in non-
Indian areas with similar population density. Moreover, jails on Indian
lands fall far short of basic standards in such areas as staff and
inmate safety. The budget proposes a $182 million initiative within the
Jus-
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Table 7-1. VIOLENT CRIME REDUCTION PROGRAM SPENDING BY FUNCTION
(Budget authority, dollar amounts in millions)
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Dollar Percent
1997 1998 1999 Change: Change:
Actual Estimate Proposed 1998 to 1998 to
1999 1999
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prevention:
Violence Against Women..................................... 259 415 415 ........ .........
Drug Courts............................................... 30 30 30 ........ .........
Residential State Prison Drug Treatment.................... 30 63 72 +9 +14%
Drug Testing/Drug Treatment................................ ........ ........ 85 +85 NA
Juvenile Justice Substance Abuse Prevention................ ........ ........ 5 +5 NA
Other Prevention Programs.................................. 34 27 28 +1 +4%
--------------------------------------------------
Subtotal, Prevention..................................... 353 535 635 +100 +19%
State and Local Assistance:
Community Policing......................................... 1,420 1,430 1,420 -10 -1%
Incarceration of Violent Offenders......................... 670 721 711 -10 -1%
Prosecutors/Violent Youth Courts........................... ........ ........ 210 +210 NA
Incarceration of Undocumented Criminals.................... 330 420 350 -70 -17%
Other State and Local Assistance........................... 789 873 673 -200 -22%
--------------------------------------------------
Subtotal, State and Local Assistance..................... 3,209 3,444 3,364 -80 -2%
Federal Law Enforcement Assistance:
Department of Justice...................................... 1,002 1,350 1,609 +259 +19%
Department of the Treasury................................. 89 131 132 +1 +1%
Judicial Branch............................................ 30 40 60 +20 +50%
--------------------------------------------------
Subtotal, Federal Law Enforcement........................ 1,121 1,521 1,801 +280 +18%
==================================================
Total, Violent Crime Reduction Program Spending.............. 4,683 5,500 5,800 +300 +5%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NA = Not applicable.
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tice and Interior Departments to address the public safety crisis in
Indian country by strengthening Indian country law enforcement in such
areas as the number of officers per capita and the quality of detention
facilities, primarily through anti-crime grants to Indian jurisdictions.
Violence Against Women: Violence against women is a continuing
problem. Studies show that law enforcement intervention often breaks the
cycle of domestic violence, preventing subsequent incidents. The budget
proposes $415 million to maintain efforts to combat gender-based crime.
Funding for these programs will also enable States to further expand
outreach to previously under-served rural, Indian, and other minority
populations.
Juveniles: The budget proposes $291 million for ongoing programs to
fight juvenile crime and $95 million to support more local community
prevention programs such as mentoring, truancy prevention, and gang
intervention. To prevent young people from becoming involved in the
juvenile justice system, the budget expands programs that provide
supervised afternoon and evening activities for youth. These programs
include $200 million for community schools, supervision, and youth
services grants, an increase of $40 million over 1998.
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Gangs: The President has worked hard to crack down on violent youth
gangs and to keep guns out of the hands of criminals and away from
children. He launched a tough Anti-Gang and Youth Violence Strategy to
help communities hire more prosecutors and probation officers, and to
keep schools open later when youth crime rates peak. The budget provides
$100 million for prosecutorial initiatives to target gangs and $50
million for court-related activities such as more probation and parole
officers and special court programs to expedite youth violence and gun
cases.
Youth Crime Gun Interdiction Initiative: The budget provides
$28 million to crack down on illegal gun traffickers in 27
cities. Of the $28 million, $12 million would go to trace
firearms used by youth in crimes and give law enforcement the
crucial investigative leads about the sources of these
firearms, and $16 million would go to hire over 160 new agents
of the Treasury Department's Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and
Firearms to help follow up on these leads.
Safe Streets Task Forces: The budget proposes $105 million to
continue the Safe Streets program, which blends the efforts of
the FBI and other Federal law enforcement agencies with those
of State and local police departments to investigate street
crime and violence.
Crime in Public Housing: The budget also targets violence in public
housing, proposing $310 million to support anti-drug and anti-crime
activities, including Operation Safe Home and the One Strike, You're Out
program.
Operation Safe Home: The Department of Housing and Urban
Development's Offices of Public and Indian Housing and
Inspector General jointly administer Operation Safe Home,
which brings together residents, managers, and various Federal
and local law enforcement agencies to rid public housing
communities of crime.
One Strike, You're Out: The President believes that public
housing is a privilege, not a right, and residents who commit
crime and peddle drugs should be evicted immediately.
Fraud in Agriculture (USDA) Programs: USDA estimates that over $50
million a year in Food Stamps go illegally to convicted felons and
prison inmates, and that a sizable number of retailers who accept Food
Stamps make money off of them illegally. The budget includes $23 million
to crack down on fraud and abuse in Food Stamps and other USDA programs,
such as child nutrition, rural rental housing, and emergency and
disaster assistance payments.
Violent Offenders: The Administration seeks to ensure that convicted
violent offenders serve at least 85 percent of their sentences behind
bars. The budget proposes $711 million in State and Tribal grants to
build new prisons and jail cells under the Violent Offender
Incarceration and Truth in Sentencing (VOI/TIS) Program; the 1999
funding level finances about 9,500 new prison beds. The VOI/TIS proposal
also would provide $150 million to reimburse States for the costs of
incarcerating criminal aliens and $25 million to improve State and local
correctional facilities that hold Federal prisoners and detained illegal
aliens.
Terrorism: While acts of domestic terrorism have been isolated events,
such as the Oklahoma City and World Trade Center bombings, the
Administration has sought more Federal resources to ensure the safety
and security of the public and the Government from these violent and
devastating criminal acts. The budget builds on the President's 1997
Antiterrorism/Counterterrorism/Security initiative by providing $6.7
billion to combat terrorism, of which $4.3 billion would support the
Defense Department's (DOD) terrorism-related and force protection
efforts. While much of the proposed funding continues current terrorism-
related programs in physical protection and law enforcement activities,
the budget also funds initiatives in the following high-priority areas:
Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism: The budget proposes
$16 million for the Justice Department to improve State and
local response capabilities to weapons of mass destruction,
and increases of $49 million for DOD domestic preparedness and
response capabilities; $7 million for the Energy Department's
emergency response capabilities for nuclear terrorist events;
and $2 million for the Department
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of Health and Human Services' Metropolitan Medical Strike
Teams, which handle the medical response to an incident
involving weapons of mass destruction.
Cyber Crime/Critical Infrastructure: To improve the
Government's ability to detect and counter cyber crime and
other threats to the Nation's critical infrastructure, the
budget proposes $27 million to enhance the investigative and
prosecutorial efforts of the FBI, the U.S. Attorneys, and the
Justice Department's Criminal Division, and $37 million to
enable the Justice Department's Counterterrorism Fund to
support critical infrastructure protection efforts. The budget
also supports DOD's and other agencies' critical
infrastructure-related research and development programs.
Aviation Security: The budget provides an increase of over
$110 million to the Federal Aviation Administration for
explosives detection security equipment and cargo screening
research and development--supporting recommendations of the
White House Commission on Aviation Security and Safety.
Technology Improvements: Technology improvements give law enforcement
agencies the tools to fight crime. The Communications Assistance for Law
Enforcement Act ensures that law enforcement agencies can conduct court-
authorized wiretaps as the Nation converts from analog to digital
communications technology. With $114 million available in 1998 to help
develop the technology changes to provide this capability, the budget
proposes $100 million in 1999 to continue the effort. The budget also
proposes $100 million to enable the Treasury and Justice Departments to
upgrade their wireless communications systems' efficiency, security, and
compatibility with the radio systems of State and local public safety
agencies.
Meeting the Challenges of Immigration
The Administration has sought to control our Nation's borders and stop
illegal entry. Working through the Immigration and Naturalization
Service (INS), it has reversed decades of neglect with an aggressive
border control strategy. Since 1993, the Administration has added over
3,800 new Border Patrol agents--almost doubling the agent workforce--and
introduced innovative border deterrents and advanced technology to stop
illegal entry along the Nation's Southwest border.
As a Nation of immigrants, the United States will continue to welcome
those who seek legal entry and refugees who seek protection. In 1997,
the Nation welcomed nearly one million new naturalized U.S. citizens.
INS is redesigning the naturalization process to meet the challenges of
processing over a million new applications for citizenship a year in a
way that ensures uncompromising integrity.
Since 1993, working with Congress, the Administration has increased
INS funding by 148 percent. The budget, which proposes $4.2 billion for
INS, 10 percent more than in 1998, continues to support efforts to
advance border control, improve illegal alien detention and removal
capabilities, and achieve efficient processing of those seeking
citizenship (see Table 7-2).
Border Control and Enforcement: By the end of 1998, Border Patrol
agents will number over 7,800, a 98-percent increase over the 3,965 who
patrolled the Nation's 5,000 miles of border in 1993. With more agents
needed to fill enforcement gaps and enhance Border Patrol presence along
the Southwest border--especially in border States like Texas, New
Mexico, and Arizona--the budget proposes to add 1,000 new Border Patrol
agents (see Chart 7-2).
The budget maintains the Administration's commitment to ``force-
multiplying'' technologies, including ground sensors, high-resolution
color and infrared cameras, and state-of-the-art command centers, which
will increase the effectiveness of these agents and enable INS to better
control the border. Agents will be able to shift their focus from
observing the border to responding to known border incursions and
raiding smuggler operations and holding areas. Multi-year funding for
these force-multiplying technologies will have the equivalent effect of
adding over 1,300 agents to the Southwest border.
The budget provides funds to expand border fencing and barriers,
install permanent light-
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Table 7-2. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE FUNDING BY PROGRAM
(Budget authority, dollar amounts in millions)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dollar Percent
1993 1997 1998 1999 Change: Change:
Actual Actual Estimate Proposed 1998 to 1998 to
1999 1999
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appropriated Funds:
Border Patrol.................................... 354 730 877 998 +121 +14%
Investigations and intelligence.................. 142 254 269 305 +36 +13%
Land border inspections.......................... 83 151 168 182 +14 +8%
Detention and deportation........................ 161 476 428 554 +126 +29%
Program support and construction................. 227 564 600 684 +84 +14%
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Subtotal, Apropriated Funds.................... 967 2,175 2,342 2,723 +381 +16%
Fee Collections and Reimbursements:
Citizenship and benefits......................... 308 626 787 827 +40 +5%
Air/sea inspections and support.................. 255 355 427 486 +59 +14%
Immigration support.............................. ........ 11 242 152 -90 -37%
------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal, Fee Collections and Reimbursements... 563 992 1,456 1,465 +9 +1%
============================================================
Total, Immigration and Naturalization Service
resources......................................... 1,530 3,167 3,798 4,188 +390 +10%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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ing, and construct support roads along the Southwest border. These
deterrents help control the border by increasing the chances that Border
Patrol agents will apprehend those trying to enter illegally. Since
1993, INS has added over 189 infrared night scopes, 4,675 ground
sensors, 63 miles of fencing, and 17 miles of border lighting, and has
added or improved over 1,000 miles of roads to help control drug
trafficking, alien smuggling, and illegal entry. The budget provides
funds for another nine miles of border lighting and additional fencing,
and for maintaining border deterrents now in place.
Border Patrol and Detention Construction: Over the past year, INS has
focused on meeting its infrastructure needs by building more Border
Patrol stations, border enforcement checkpoints, and detention
facilities. The budget supports INS' construction program by providing
funds to build and renovate eight Border Patrol stations, construct four
new highway checkpoint systems and a rail yard inspection facility, and
expand detention capabilities at four facilities.
Detention and Removal of Illegal Aliens: The Administration is
committed to removing those who have entered the country illegally. With
the resources of the past two years, INS has focused on removing
criminal aliens held in Federal, State, and local facilities to ensure
these criminals are not allowed back on the street. In 1997, INS removed
111,794 aliens, including 50,165 criminal aliens. It estimates that it
will remove over 127,300 aliens in 1998, and 134,900 in 1999. The budget
supports INS' detention program by proposing a $90.8 million increase
for facility, transportation, and bedspace improvements to detain and
swiftly remove those who have entered illegally.
State and Local Alien Incarceration: Through the State Criminal Alien
Assistance Program (SCAAP), the President has provided unprecedented
help to reimburse State and local governments for the costs of
incarcerating illegal criminal aliens. In 1997, the Federal
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Government provided $500 million to reimburse 47 States and over 200
localities--covering most costs associated with incarcerating aliens in
non-Federal facilities. The budget continues this commitment, providing
$500 million for reimbursements. The Federal Government plans to ensure
that States and localities receiving SCAAP funds fully cooperate with
INS in its efforts to expedite criminal alien removals.
Citizenship and Benefits: INS estimates that with so many more people
now seeking to naturalize, the Nation will welcome about a million new
citizens a year over the next few years. To process new applications,
INS is reengineering the naturalization process and plans to have
significant pieces of its redesigned system in place by spring 1998. It
will ensure that applicants are: (1) given accurate and timely
information; (2) processed through the system correctly; and (3)
adjudicated swiftly and fairly. The system will also ensure that INS is
handling each case--from initial request through oath-taking--
responsively and with uncompromising integrity. INS also plans an
extensive community outreach effort that will target immigrant
population centers to ensure that they are served efficiently.
Organization and Structure: The final report of the Commission on
Immigration Reform called for major changes in how the Federal
Government sets and implements immigration policy. In particular, it
urged a separation of the enforcement and benefit functions that INS now
performs.
The Administration has studied these and other reform proposals and is
developing a plan to enhance immigration law enforcement while improving
the delivery of immigration services and benefits. It recognizes that
enforcement and benefits are interrelated and, thus, neither should be
addressed without the other in mind. The plan, however, will make
Federal immigration activities more efficient and effective by
separating enforcement and benefit and service operations--both in
headquarters and in the field--thereby strengthening accountability and
lines
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of authority. In addition, the plan will enhance coordination among
Federal agencies involved in immigration and establish greater
accountability within each agency. Together, these reforms within
individual agencies and across the Government will support and sustain
the Administration's progress over the last five years in enforcing our
immigration laws and fulfilling the Nation's commitment to its
immigration heritage.
Combating Drug Abuse and Drug-Related Crime
Drug use and drug-related crime cost our society about $67 billion a
year \1\ and poison the schools and neighborhoods where our youth strive
to meet their full potential. Illicit drug trafficking thrives on a
culture of crime, violence, and corruption throughout the world. Drug
use is a major contributing factor in the spread of AIDS and other
deadly diseases. All Americans, regardless of economic, geographic, or
other position in society, feel the effects of drug use and drug-related
crime.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ ``Substance Abuse: The Nation's Number One Health Problem,'' Key
Indicators for Policy, Institute for Health Policy, Brandeis University
(1993).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The budget proposes $17.1 billion for drug control programs, a seven-
percent increase over 1998, including increases for all elements of the
fight against drug use, such as drug treatment and prevention,
especially for children and adolescents; domestic law enforcement;
international programs; and interdiction (see Table 7-3).
Community-Based Prevention: The budget proposes $2.4 billion for drug
prevention programs, 12 percent more than in 1998. Although drug use
among youth fell steadily, and dramatically, in the 1980s, teenage drug
use has since increased and anti-drug attitudes have softened--due
partly to drug glamorization in the media and highly publicized drug
legalization efforts. The Administration remains committed to sending a
single ``no use'' message to America's youth.
National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign: The Office of
National Drug Control Policy, in conjunction with other
Federal, State, local, and private experts, is developing a
$195 million national media campaign, including paid
advertisements, targeting youth and their parents on the
consequences of illicit drug use. Anti-drug messages have
already aired in 12 target cities and on the Internet.
Safe and Drug Free Schools and Communities Program: Students
can reach their full potential only in safe, disciplined
learning environments. The Safe and Drug Free Schools and
Communities program helps 97 percent of school districts
implement anti-drug and anti-violence programs in schools. The
budget proposes $556 million for this program, including $125
million in competitive grants to high-need areas that use
proven program designs.
School Drug Prevention Coordinators: The budget provides $50
million for a new School Drug Prevention Coordinators program
to ensure that half of the Nation's middle schools will have a
knowledgeable director of drug and violence prevention
programs. These coordinators will ensure that local programs
are effective and link
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Table 7-3. DRUG CONTROL FUNDING
(Budget authority, dollar amounts in millions)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dollar Percent
1997 1998 1999 Change: Change:
Actual Estimate Proposed 1998 to 1998 to
1999 1999
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Demand reduction.............................................. 4,943 5,376 5,867 +491 +9%
Supply reduction.............................................. 10,090 10,601 11,203 +602 +6%
-------------------------------------------------
Total, Drug Control Funding................................. 15,033 15,977 17,070 +1,093 +7%
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school-based prevention programs to community-based programs.
Drug Free Communities Act: The budget proposes $20 million
for activities under this Act, which helps increase citizen
participation in our efforts to reduce substance abuse among
youth and provides funds to help community anti-drug
coalitions carry out their important missions.
Drug Intervention: The budget proposes $3.4 billion to treat drug
abuse, seven percent more than in 1998. The Administration realizes that
an effective treatment system must confront drug abuse where the
challenge is the hardest--in the streets of urban, suburban, and rural
drug markets, and in the criminal justice system. Closing the treatment
gap between those who could benefit from substance abuse treatment and
the current capacity of the public treatment system remains a top
priority. These chronic drug users consume a disproportionate amount of
illicit drugs and inflict a disproportionate share of drug-related costs
on society.
Substance Abuse Treatment: The budget provides $3.4 billion
for substance abuse treatment activity, seven percent more
than in 1998. The increase is based not only on the need to
close the treatment gap, but on a body of evidence showing
that treatment is the most cost-effective way to reduce drug
abuse. These efforts will enable hundreds of thousands of
pregnant women, high-risk youth, and other under-served
Americans to get drug treatment services.
Drug Courts: The budget proposes $30 million for Drug Courts.
In an effort to break the cycle of drugs, crime, and violence,
these courts present an alternative to incarceration for
people who commit non-violent crimes and express a desire to
participate in, and would benefit from, rehabilitative drug
treatment. Drug Courts encourage serious commitment to the
treatment process through graduated sanctions such as
increased drug-testing and supervision, and, when necessary,
incarceration.
Domestic Drug Law Enforcement: The budget proposes $8.8 billion for
drug-related domestic law enforcement, four percent more than in 1998,
to help bolster community-based law enforcement efforts, shield the
Southwest border from illicit drugs, target major domestic organizations
trafficking in heroin, and enhance coordination among Federal, State,
and local law enforcement agencies. The budget proposes an increase of
$13 million, or 30 percent, for the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) to
enhance domestic anti-heroin efforts. The Federal Government will
continue its focus on providing leadership and training; facilitating
multi-agency cooperative efforts through the High Intensity Drug
Trafficking Areas program, the Southwest border initiative, and other
efforts; and offering incentives to States and localities to use the
most effective drug control methods.
Methamphetamine: Methamphetamine is quickly becoming the
growth drug of the 1990s. The DEA trains its agents, as well
as State and local law enforcement agencies, to seize
clandestine methamphetamine laboratories. The budget proposes
to continue the DEA's anti-methamphetamine efforts with a $25
million increase, more than doubling the 1998 figure.
International Programs and Interdiction: The Administration's
comprehensive approach to combating drug use includes an enhanced
international strategy, making it harder for drug-criminals to smuggle
illicit drugs into the United States. The budget includes funds to
upgrade interdiction efforts along the Southwest border and in the
Caribbean, and to provide heightened assistance to foreign governments
to curtail drug cultivation and production.
Source Nation Efforts: Internationally, the United States
focuses primarily on interdiction in source countries and
transit zones, disrupting the drug organizations and their
production, marketing, and money laundering structures. The
budget proposes to increase funding for counternarcotics
programs in Peru to $50 million, 66 percent more than in 1998,
to continue illicit coca crop eradication efforts and support
alternative crop development. It proposes increased funding
for counternarcotics programs in Colombia to $45 million, 50
percent more than in 1998, to
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continue enhanced coca, opium poppy, and marijuana crop
eradication efforts. And it proposes $247 million, 20 percent
more than in 1998, to provide training, logistics, equipment,
intelligence, and communications support to source nations,
mainly Columbia, Peru, and Bolivia.
Southern Tier of the United States: The Administration
remains committed to shielding the Nation's Southern tier from
the drug threat. The budget proposes to enhance the Customs
Service's border enforcement efforts at land and sea ports-of-
entry by providing $54 million for advanced technology, which
includes automated targeting systems and non-intrusive
inspection systems, to improve narcotics interdiction. The
budget further solidifies the interdiction effort by providing
$104 million for another 1,000 border patrol agents and an
increase of $36 million, or nine percent over the 1998 level,
for the Coast Guard's interdiction activities.