[Historical Tables]
[Section 9 - Federal Government Outlays for Major Physical Capital, Research and
Development, and Education and Training]
[Table 9.8 - Composition of Outlays for the Conduct of Research and Development:
1949-1998]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]
[[Page 151]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-1998
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense.............................. 688 700 775 1,100 1,412 1,385 1,397 1,683 1,882
Atomic energy defense.............................. 74 72 71 104 141 166 153 215 252
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense........................... 762 772 846 1,204 1,553 1,551 1,550 1,898 2,134
==================================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA............................................. 42 43 44 51 50 48 43 50 55
NSF.............................................. ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 4 8 15 28
Atomic energy general science.................... 40 49 50 60 63 64 73 78 91
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... 82 92 94 111 113 116 124 143 174
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 27 42 77
Transportation:
DOT.............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH.............................................. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Other............................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 45 51 69 81 134
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture........................................ N/A N/A N/A N/A 49 53 62 82 86
Natural resources and environment.................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 38 38 32 38 45
All other \1\ ..................................... N/A N/A N/A N/A 50 39 31 42 48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ............................ 178 282 279 291 295 297 345 428 577
==================================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ ....... 940 1,054 1,125 1,495 1,848 1,848 1,895 2,326 2,711
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development
classified as grants (all nondefense)............... 11 14 14 14 14 13 21 31 40
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 152]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-1998--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense.............................. 2,178 4,950 5,517 6,466 6,689 6,792 7,419 6,623 6,675
Atomic energy defense.............................. 281 414 420 456 401 352 446 454 422
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense........................... 2,459 5,364 5,937 6,922 7,090 7,144 7,865 7,077 7,097
==================================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA............................................. 72 115 330 646 1,112 2,291 3,693 4,497 5,275
NSF.............................................. 31 47 57 70 84 100 147 147 176
Atomic energy general science.................... 126 157 183 214 231 264 288 309 339
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... 229 319 570 930 1,427 2,655 4,128 4,953 5,790
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Energy............................................. 109 129 159 173 397 462 502 478 452
Transportation:
DOT.............................................. 26 53 77 89 83 111 107 159 117
NASA............................................. ......... ......... ......... ......... 31 36 40 58 75
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... 26 53 77 89 114 147 147 217 192
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH.............................................. N/A N/A 247 295 398 511 637 523 536
Other............................................ N/A N/A 30 35 36 40 66 67 202
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... 157 216 277 330 434 551 703 590 738
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture........................................ 97 104 107 117 129 142 154 179 205
Natural resources and environment.................. 54 88 68 106 100 118 120 140 160
All other \1\ ..................................... 57 111 127 119 146 146 177 206 284
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Total nondefense \1\ ............................ 729 1,020 1,385 1,864 2,747 4,221 5,931 6,763 7,821
==================================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ ....... 3,188 6,384 7,322 8,786 9,837 11,365 13,796 13,840 14,918
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development
classified as grants (all nondefense)............... 46 55 57 58 66 75 85 100 110
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 153]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-1998--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense.............................. 7,649 8,071 7,762 7,519 7,639 8,238 8,529 8,960 9,284
Atomic energy defense.............................. 419 473 552 502 469 599 610 446 431
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense........................... 8,068 8,544 8,314 8,021 8,108 8,837 9,139 9,406 9,715
==================================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA............................................. 5,042 4,462 4,025 3,518 3,143 3,059 3,045 2,900 2,876
NSF.............................................. 209 248 280 292 334 407 432 539 571
Atomic energy general science.................... 359 281 385 393 380 370 372 292 310
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... 5,610 4,991 4,690 4,203 3,857 3,836 3,849 3,731 3,757
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy............................................. 478 515 469 451 454 329 379 525 933
Transportation:
DOT.............................................. 69 107 96 224 444 291 299 322 307
NASA............................................. 89 128 162 183 205 221 235 283 309
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal....................................... 158 235 258 407 649 512 534 605 616
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH.............................................. 795 784 859 879 912 1,096 1,318 1,413 1,631
Other............................................ 110 199 214 194 211 279 341 245 258
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Subtotal....................................... 905 983 1,073 1,073 1,123 1,375 1,659 1,658 1,889
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture........................................ 215 231 232 246 268 296 293 315 352
Natural resources and environment.................. 181 207 232 301 351 507 539 511 647
All other \1\ ..................................... 347 466 392 451 599 611 643 683 627
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ............................ 7,894 7,628 7,346 7,132 7,301 7,466 7,896 8,028 8,821
==================================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ ....... 15,962 16,172 15,660 15,153 15,409 16,303 17,035 17,434 18,536
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development
classified as grants (all nondefense)............... 125 140 152 167 182 206 224 238 249
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 154]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-1998--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1976 TQ 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 9,341 2,312 10,210 10,726 11,045 13,469 15,739 18,363
Atomic energy defense......................................... 478 143 664 1,351 1,083 1,174 1,199 1,447
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 9,819 2,455 10,874 12,077 12,129 14,643 16,937 19,809
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 3,227 846 3,506 3,454 3,655 4,262 4,798 2,697
NSF......................................................... 623 194 668 701 775 838 900 1,020
Atomic energy general science............................... 257 72 267 274 305 345 501 401
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 4,107 1,112 4,441 4,429 4,735 5,445 6,199 4,118
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 1,424 521 2,197 2,542 3,304 3,289 3,681 3,330
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 329 100 315 326 350 412 409 341
NASA........................................................ 324 82 336 379 408 449 481 523
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Subtotal.................................................. 653 182 651 705 758 861 890 864
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 2,098 548 1,314 2,439 2,626 2,898 3,352 3,435
Other....................................................... 194 130 335 325 614 784 732 906
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 2,292 678 1,649 2,764 3,240 3,682 4,084 4,341
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 416 100 469 499 549 563 643 696
Natural resources and environment............................. 646 166 585 675 895 951 912 838
All other \1\ ................................................ 631 -14 577 841 715 801 822 664
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 10,169 2,745 10,569 12,455 14,196 15,592 17,231 14,850
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 19,988 5,200 21,443 24,532 26,325 30,235 34,168 34,660
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as
grants (all nondefense)........................................ 285 80 272 252 256 288 251 290
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 155]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-1998--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 20,566 23,850 28,165 33,396 34,732 35,605 37,819 38,247
Atomic energy defense......................................... 1,732 1,915 2,195 2,260 2,365 2,427 2,547 2,831
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 22,298 25,765 30,360 35,656 37,097 38,032 40,366 41,078
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 1,999 3,023 2,410 2,863 2,693 3,252 4,220 5,624
NSF......................................................... 998 1,127 1,182 1,399 1,426 1,513 1,570 1,520
Atomic energy general science............................... 464 505 510 510 576 618 680 784
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 3,461 4,656 4,102 4,772 4,695 5,383 6,470 7,927
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 2,728 2,762 4,249 2,622 2,321 2,287 2,454 2,342
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 270 342 467 489 347 323 322 272
NASA........................................................ 539 515 559 568 557 580 755 701
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 809 857 1,027 1,057 905 903 1,077 973
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 3,532 3,942 4,412 4,837 4,942 6,022 6,634 7,092
Other....................................................... 929 617 719 738 869 849 912 1,162
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 4,461 4,560 5,131 5,574 5,811 6,872 7,546 8,253
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 717 754 775 798 796 838 908 937
Natural resources and environment............................. 856 846 884 924 886 1,052 1,056 1,220
All other \1\ ................................................ 570 787 689 738 745 732 883 1,081
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 13,602 15,221 16,856 16,485 16,159 18,068 20,394 22,732
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 35,900 40,986 47,216 52,141 53,256 56,100 60,760 63,810
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as
grants (all nondefense)........................................ 197 223 215 319 464 478 412 345
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 156]]
Table 9.8--COMPOSITION OF OUTLAYS FOR THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: 1949-1998--Continued
(in millions of dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1998
Category 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 estimate estimate
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:
Department of Defense......................................... 35,330 35,504 37,666 35,474 35,356 36,936 36,485 35,067
Atomic energy defense......................................... 2,557 2,666 2,730 2,581 2,343 2,492 2,431 2,349
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total national defense...................................... 37,887 38,170 40,396 38,055 37,699 39,428 38,916 37,416
=======================================================================================
Nondefense:
General science, space, and technology:
NASA........................................................ 6,277 6,641 7,004 6,663 8,243 6,963 7,524 7,767
NSF......................................................... 1,631 1,733 1,753 1,873 1,894 2,077 2,195 2,201
Atomic energy general science............................... 834 784 789 669 700 705 705 739
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 8,741 9,157 9,546 9,205 10,837 9,745 10,424 10,707
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy........................................................ 2,501 2,593 2,517 2,654 3,152 2,938 2,577 2,796
Transportation:
DOT......................................................... 333 373 420 519 604 534 549 941
NASA........................................................ 795 976 1,084 1,215 749 1,120 1,261 1,194
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 1,127 1,348 1,504 1,734 1,353 1,654 1,810 2,135
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health:
NIH......................................................... 7,257 7,936 9,063 9,620 10,299 9,642 11,469 12,060
Other....................................................... 1,272 1,721 1,311 1,008 961 856 851 836
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subtotal.................................................. 8,528 9,656 10,374 10,628 11,260 10,498 12,320 12,896
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agriculture................................................... 990 1,070 1,129 1,158 1,186 1,168 1,182 1,185
Natural resources and environment............................. 1,323 1,593 1,762 1,747 1,662 1,593 1,620 1,673
All other \1\ ................................................ 1,085 1,141 1,150 1,271 1,283 1,398 1,436 1,398
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total nondefense \1\ ....................................... 24,296 26,558 27,982 28,397 30,733 28,994 31,369 32,790
=======================================================================================
Total conduct of research and development \1\ .................. 62,183 64,728 68,378 66,453 68,432 68,422 70,285 70,206
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Memorandum: Conduct of research and development classified as
grants (all nondefense)........................................ 401 296 344 376 348 303 328 461
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\1\ Includes off-budget Postal Service amounts as shown in the footnote to Table 9.7.
N/A: Separate detail not available; however, the data are included in the totals.
Note: The Atomic energy defense component includes relatively small amounts of R&D for FEMA beginning in 1983.