[Budget of the U.S. Government]
[V. Creating Opportunity, Demanding Responsibility, and Strengthening Community]
[5. Enforcing the Law]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]


[[Page 85]]

 
                          5.  ENFORCING THE LAW

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                
  At the beginning of my Administration, we set out to change the country's approach to crime by putting more   
officers on our streets through community policing, and taking guns out of the hands of criminals. We are making
a difference. Today, our neighborhoods are safer, and we are restoring the American people's confidence that    
crime can be reduced.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                
                                      President Clinton                                                         
                                      January 5, 1997                                                           
                                                                                                                

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  The budget extends the Administration's commitment to cut crime, curb 
the scourge of illegal drugs, and secure the Nation's borders.
   With overall crime dropping, the budget proposes to make further 
progress while targeting a remaining area of concern--juvenile crime and 
violence. In addition, the budget continues the President's progress 
toward putting 100,000 more police on the street, while increasing State 
grants for prison construction and for preventing violence against 
women. While crime remains mainly a State and local responsibility, the 
success of the Brady bill in preventing over 100,000 felons, fugitives, 
and stalkers from obtaining guns shows the Federal Government also has 
an important role to play.
   The budget renews the Administration's efforts to fight drug abuse, 
particularly by focusing on youth prevention programs to reverse the 
recent trends of softening attitudes towards drugs and increased drug 
use by youth. It also continues efforts to stress treatment and 
prevention, domestic law enforcement, international programs, and 
interdiction. It would increase funds for the innovative Drug Courts 
initiative, for drug testing, for the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and 
Communities Program, for targeted interdiction efforts along the 
Nation's Southern border, and for disrupting the drug industry and its 
leadership overseas. The budget proposes to increase spending for these 
purposes by over $800 million in 1998, and by more than $6 billion 
between 1997 and 2002.
   Finally, the budget strengthens the Administration's aggressive 
efforts to control illegal immigration by targeting resources to stop 
those who want to enter the United States illegally, detain and quickly 
remove those who slipped by, and make it harder for illegal immigrants 
to get jobs. It proposes to strengthen border enforcement in the South 
and West, to continue Port Courts to expedite removals, and to expand 
efforts to verify the employment eligibility of newly hired non-
citizens.

Fighting Crime

   The Administration's efforts to work with communities and local 
police forces are paying off. Serious and violent crime dropped for the 
fifth year in a row in 1996, marking the longest period of decline in 25 
years.

                                     


   But, while overall crime rates are dropping, young people are 
increasingly the perpetrators and victims of some of society's most 
violent crimes. As a result, the Administration's crime-fighting agenda 
includes a major focus on reducing juvenile crime and violence. Its 
programs recognize that youth violence has to be addressed in the home, 
on the street, and in the community.
   The budget proposes $24.9 billion to control crime, an increase of 
$1.1 billion over 1997, as illustrated on Chart 5-1. Of the total, the 
Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund (VCRTF) provides $5.5 billion toward 
programs authorized in the 1994 Crime Act, an increase of $817 million 
over 1997, as shown on Table 5-1. Federal spending, however, accounts 
for only 17 percent of all 

[[Page 86]]

law enforcement resources. Thus, the Administration proposes to continue empowering States and communities, which play the central role in controlling crime, particularly violent crime.

   Community Policing: The cornerstone of the President's program to 
fight crime, particularly violent crime in our communities, is his plan 
to place 100,000 more police officers on the streets by 2000. Putting 
the idea of community policing into action, the program seeks to cut 
crime, violence, and disorder by applying proven, effective programs and 
strategies. By the end of 1997, the Community Oriented Policing Services 
(COPS) initiative will have funded about 64,000 additional police 
officers. For 1998, the budget proposes $1.4 billion to put nearly 
17,000 more officers on the street in local communities.
   In addition to funding new police officers, COPS enables local law 
enforcement agencies to buy sophisticated crime equipment and hire 
support personnel. These purchases, in turn, allow communities to deploy 
more officers. To enhance State and local law enforcement recruitment, 
retention, and education, the budget proposes $20 million each for the 
Police Corps and for police scholarships, increasing the number of 
police officers with advanced education and training.

   Juveniles: The budget proposes a $50 million increase to support more 
local community prevention programs such as mentoring, truancy 
prevention, and gang intervention. To prevent young people from becoming 
involved in the juvenile justice system, the budget expands programs 
that provide supervised afternoon and evening activities for youth. 
These programs include $63 million for community schools, supervision, 
and youth services grants--an increase of $50 million over 1997.
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                       Table 5-1.  VIOLENT CRIME REDUCTION TRUST FUND SPENDING BY FUNCTION                      
                                 (Budget authority, dollar amounts in millions)                                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                              Dollar    Percent 
                                                                 1996      1997      1998     Change:   Change: 
                                                                Actual   Estimate  Proposed   1996 to   1996 to 
                                                                                               1998       1998  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prevention:                                                                                                     
  Violence Against Women.....................................       228       259       381      +153       +67%
  Drug Courts................................................        18        30        75       +57      +317%
  Prison Drug Treatment......................................        27        30        63       +36      +133%
  Other Prevention Programs..................................         4        34        57       +53    +1,483%
                                                              --------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, Prevention.....................................       277       353       576      +299      +108%
                                                                                                                
State and Local Assistance:                                                                                     
  Community Policing.........................................     1,400     1,420     1,545      +145       +10%
  Incarceration of Violent Offenders.........................       618       670       710       +93       +15%
  Incarceration of Undocumented Criminal Aliens..............       300       330       350       +50       +17%
  Other State and Local Assistance...........................       690       790       707       +17        +2%
                                                              --------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, State and Local Assistance.....................     3,008     3,210     3,312      +304       +10%
                                                                                                                
Federal Law Enforcement Assistance:                                                                             
  Department of Justice......................................       702     1,002     1,444      +742      +106%
  Department of the Treasury.................................        69        89       118       +49       +70%
  Judiciary..................................................        30        30        50       +20       +67%
                                                              --------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, Federal Law Enforcement Assistance.............       801     1,121     1,612      +811      +101%
                                                              ==================================================
Total, Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund....................     4,085     4,683     5,500    +1,415       +35%
                                                                                                                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: The Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund received appropriations for the first time in 1995.                

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

   Gangs: The President has worked hard to get guns off the streets and 
out of the hands of children, to crack down on violent teen 

[[Page 87]]

gangs, and to teach children that drugs are wrong, illegal, and dangerous. As gangs become an increasingly powerful and deadly force, the Administration is 
pursuing a coordinated national strategy to combat them. For example, 
the budget proposes $100 million for prosecutorial offices to hire more 
prosecutors and take other steps, $50 million for a new juvenile court 
initiative, and $75 million for a local youth crime intervention 
initiative. The budget also proposes programs specifically targeted to 
stem violence on the street and in public housing, including:
   Safe Streets Task Forces: The budget proposes $93 million to 
          continue the Safe Streets program, which blends the efforts of 
          the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and other Federal 
          law enforcement agencies with those of State and local police 
          departments to investigate street crime and violence.
   One Strike, You're Out: The President believes that public 
          housing is a privilege, not a right, and residents who commit 
          crime and peddle drugs should be immediately evicted. The 
          budget provides $290 million to support anti-drug and anti-
          crime activities in public housing, including enforcement of 
          the President's One Strike, You're Out initiative.

   Violent Offenders: The Administration seeks to ensure that convicted 
violent offenders serve at least 85 percent of their sentences behind 
bars. To reach this goal, the budget proposes $710 million in State 
grants to build new prisons and jail cells under two programs--the 
Violent Offender Incarceration and the Truth in Sentencing Programs. 
Nation-

[[Page 88]]

wide, the prison population is growing by over 1,700 inmates a 
week, and will likely grow faster as tougher sentencing laws and 
practices that these grant programs require are implemented. The 1998 
funding level finances about 9,500 new prison beds. It includes $150 
million to reimburse States for the costs of incarcerating criminal 
aliens and $35 million to improve State and local correctional 
facilities that hold Federal prisoners.
   Crime Prevention: The President's Crime Prevention Council, which the 
Vice President chairs, seeks to coordinate Federal approaches to 
preventing crime. It helps communities get information about crime 
prevention programs, develops strategies for integrating programs and 
simplifying grants, publishes a catalog of prevention programs, and 
provides grants to communities for youth crime prevention programs.
   Violence Against Women: The Administration recognizes that violence 
against women is a growing problem. To combat gender-based crime, the 
budget proposes $381 million--the full authorized level and an increase 
of $123 million over 1997. Programs in this category include grants to 
encourage mandatory arrest policies and to encourage coordination among 
law enforcement officials, prosecutors, and victims assistance 
organizations. Academic studies show that mandatory arrest policies 
often break the cycle of violence and reduce subsequent incidents of 
domestic violence. The expansion of these programs will enable States to 
enhance their efforts to respond to violent crimes committed against 
women, and to further expand access to previously under-served Indian 
and other minority populations.
   State Prison Drug Testing: The budget proposes $63 million for this 
program, a $33 million increase over 1997. The funding would allow 
States to increase the number of residential substance abuse programs 
and treat about 23,000 prisoners. Experts generally agree that drug 
treatment programs aimed at prisoners are among the most cost-effective 
programs available in the fight against crime. In 1997, the President 
proposed and Congress agreed to require States to test prisoners and 
parolees as a condition for receiving State prison grants.
  Counter-terrorism: While acts of domestic terrorism have been isolated 
incidents, the Administration has sought more Federal resources to 
ensure the safety and security of the Government and public from these 
violent, illegal acts. The President sought additional resources last 
year to fight terrorism, and Congress overwhelmingly agreed, providing 
$1.1 billion in new counter-terrorism funds. The budget would continue 
these programs.
   Methamphetamine: Methamphetamine is quickly becoming the growth drug 
of the 1990s. Also known on the street as ``crank,'' ``ice,'' and 
``speed,'' methamphetamine is a dangerous stimulant that generates the 
same addiction cycle and psychological trauma associated with crack 
cocaine. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) trains its agents, as 
well as State and local law enforcement agencies, to seize clandestine 
methamphetamine laboratories. Since 1994, the DEA has devoted almost 10 
percent more work hours to methamphetamine investigations. The budget 
proposes to increase funding by $11 million to continue DEA's anti-
methamphetamine efforts.
   Digital Telephony: The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement 
Act ensures that law enforcement agencies can conduct court-authorized 
wiretaps as the Nation converts from analog to digital communications 
technology. With $100 million available in 1997 to help develop the 
technology changes to provide this capability, the President proposes 
another $100 million in 1998 to continue the effort.

Combating Drug Abuse and Drug-Related Crime

   Drug abuse and drug-related crime cost our society an estimated $67 
billion a year \1\ and destroy the lives and futures of our most 
precious resource--our children. Illicit drug trafficking breeds crime, 
violence, and corruption across the globe, drug use facilitates the 
spread of AIDS and other deadly diseases, and addiction erodes the 
user's dignity and productivity. The effects of drug use and drug-
related crime are felt acutely by all 

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Americans, transcending economic, geographic, and other boundaries.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  \1\ ``Substance Abuse: The Nation's Number One Health Problem,'' Key 
Indicators for Policy, Institute for Health Policy, Brandeis University 
(1993).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   The budget proposes $16.0 billion for anti-drug abuse programs, a 
five-percent increase over 1997. It builds on earlier initiatives by 
renewing the emphasis on drug treatment and prevention, especially for 
children and adolescents; domestic law enforcement; international 
programs; and interdiction. (For summary information, see Table 5-2.)
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                                        Table 5-2.   DRUG CONTROL FUNDING                                       
                                 (Budget authority, dollar amounts in millions)                                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                              Dollar    Percent 
                                                                 1996      1997      1998     Change:   Change: 
                                                                Actual   Estimate  Proposed   1996 to   1996 to 
                                                                                               1998       1998  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Demand Reduction.............................................     4,441     4,977     5,474    +1,034       +23%
Supply Reduction.............................................     9,013    10,182    10,502    +1,489       +17%
                                                              --------------------------------------------------
  Total, Drug Control Funding................................    13,454    15,159    15,977    +2,523       +19%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
   In particular, the budget proposes a coordinated, multi-agency 
approach to combating all types of substance abuse among youth--
including tobacco and alcohol--with a comprehensive prevention 
initiative that focuses, in particular, on State-level data documenting 
trends in drug use. This comprehensive approach, consistent with the 
President's National Drug Control Strategy, comes in response to 
national surveys showing a dramatic rise in substance abuse among 
adolescents.

   Community-Based Prevention: The Administration is committed to 
reversing the trend of increased drug use by our youth, and it proposes 
$2.2 billion for drug prevention programs, 15 percent more than in 1997. 
After significant and consistent declines through the 1980s, teenage 
drug use is rising and anti-drug attitudes have softened--due in part to 
drug glamorization in the popular culture and the recent debate 
concerning drug legalization. In light of the recent ``medicinal 
marijuana'' initiatives adopted in California and Arizona, the 
Administration believes it is more important than ever to continue 
sending a single ``no use'' message and to focus on keeping America's 
youth drug free.
   National Media Awareness Campaign: The Office of National 
          Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) will develop a media campaign--to 
          include public service announcements, targeted at youth and 
          their parents, on the consequences of drug use and the use of 
          alcohol and tobacco. ONDCP will finance the campaign from the 
          $175 million in discretionary funds that the budget proposes 
          for ONDCP's Director to combat emerging drug abuse threats.
  The Safe and Drug Free Schools and Communities Program: The 
          Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities program is the 
          Federal Government's largest effort to inoculate children 
          against drug abuse and ensure that schools are safe and 
          disciplined learning environments. The program supports drug 
          and violence prevention efforts in 97 percent of all school 
          districts through educational activities, teacher training, 
          curriculum development, peer counseling, security services, 
          and other activities. The budget proposes to spend $620 
          million for this program, 12 percent more than in 1997, and to 
          encourage States to adopt models of proven effectiveness.

   Drug Intervention: The budget proposes $3.3 billion to treat drug 
abuse, seven percent more than in 1997. The Administration seeks to 
address drug abuse where the battle is toughest--in the streets, in 
jails, and in urban and rural drug markets. A priority is treating 
chronic, hard-core drug users; they consume a disproportionate amount of 
illicit drugs and impose a disproportionate share of drug-related costs 
on society.

[[Page 90]]

   Drug Courts: The budget proposes $75 million, a 150-percent 
          increase over 1997, for the Drug Courts initiative. These 
          courts offer an alternative to incarceration for non-violent 
          offenders who are willing to participate in, and would benefit 
          from, rehabilitative drug treatment. Drug Court programs rely 
          on sanctions, such as incarceration and increased drug-testing 
          and supervision, to encourage treatment.
   Substance Abuse Treatment: The budget proposes $1.3 billion, 
          one percent more than in 1997, to support State substance 
          abuse activities, which target resources to local user 
          populations. In addition, the budget maintains support for 
          treatment and prevention services for everyone in need, 
          including pregnant women, high-risk youth, and other under-
          served Americans. (For a discussion of funding proposals for 
          the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, see 
          Chapter 1.)
   Arrestee Drug Testing: The budget includes $42 million, 40 
          percent more than in 1997, for the costs associated with drug-
          testing Federal, State, and local arrestees. With these funds, 
          the Administration would establish Federal demonstration pre-
          trial drug testing programs and promote new, comprehensive 
          drug testing programs at the State and local levels, for both 
          pre-trial and post-conviction populations. In addition, the 
          Administration has begun requiring, as a condition of 
          receiving Federal highway funds, that every State make it 
          illegal for anyone under 21 to drive with alcohol in his or 
          her bloodstream.

   Domestic Drug Law Enforcement: The budget proposes $8.4 billion for 
domestic drug law enforcement, four percent more than in 1997. The funds 
would enhance Federal law enforcement efforts while targeting new 
resources to community-based law enforcement, stopping the flow of 
illegal drugs through the Southwest border, and training Federal, State, 
and local law enforcement agencies to seize clandestine methamphetamine 
laboratories. The Federal role would continue to focus on providing 
leadership and training; fostering intergovernmental cooperation through 
the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas program, DEA's Southwest 
border initiative, and other efforts; and providing incentives to States 
and localities to adopt proven drug control methods. The number of High 
Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas has risen from five in 1993 to 15 in 
1997.
   Interdiction and International Programs: The Administration has 
launched a multi-faceted international strategy, making it harder for 
traffickers to smuggle illicit drugs into the United States for sale.
   Southern Tier of the United States: The Administration is 
          working to stem the flow of narcotics through land and 
          seaports along the Nation's Southern tier. The budget would 
          reinforce efforts by the Customs Service to strengthen border 
          enforcement along the Southern tier by providing $36 million 
          for increased drug interdiction efforts. The budget also 
          increases support for other Southwest border interdiction 
          efforts, including $16 million for the Immigration and 
          Naturalization Service (INS), $46 million for the DEA's and 
          the FBI's Southwest border drug interdiction efforts, and $47 
          million for Coast Guard interdiction activities.
   Source Nation Efforts: Internationally, the United States is 
          focusing on not just interdiction in source countries and 
          transit zones, but also on disrupting the drug leadership and 
          its production, marketing, and money laundering structure. 
          Increased U.S. efforts in Colombia helped secure the arrest of 
          several Cali Cartel leaders. The budget proposes to increase 
          funding for counter-narcotics programs in Peru to $40 million, 
          74 percent more than in 1997, to encourage that nation to grow 
          crops other than drugs. The budget also proposes to continue 
          funding for the same purpose in Bolivia.

Deterring Illegal Immigration

   The President has put a high priority on controlling our Nation's 
borders, reversing decades of neglect. He has launched an aggressive 
strategy of deterrence and has fought successfully for a dramatic 
increase in INS resources to stop illegal entry, detain and promptly 
remove those here illegally, and end the easy access to the Nation's job 
market that illegal workers have enjoyed.

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   As a Nation of immigrants, the United States continues to welcome 
those who seek legal entry and refugees who seek protection from harm in 
their home countries. In 1996 alone, the Nation welcomed over a million 
new naturalized U.S. citizens. As a Nation of laws, however, we are 
committed to maintaining the integrity of our borders, and deterring and 
removing those who are here illegally.
   Over the past five years, in coordination with Congress, the 
Administration has increased funding for INS by 111 percent. The budget 
continues support for efforts that advance border control and illegal 
alien detention and removal, and the efficient processing of those 
seeking citizenship. The budget proposes $3.6 billion for INS, 13 
percent more than in 1997 and 41 percent more than in 1996 (see Table 5-
3).
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                      Table 5-3.  IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE FUNDING BY PROGRAM                     
                                 (Budget authority, dollar amounts in millions)                                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                              Dollar    Percent 
                                                                 1993      1996      1998     Change:   Change: 
                                                                Actual    Actual   Proposed   1996 to   1996 to 
                                                                                               1998       1998  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appropriated Funds:                                                                                             
  Border Patrol..............................................       354       536       818      +282       +53%
  Investigations and intelligence............................       142       190       277       +87       +46%
  Land border inspections....................................        83       116       157       +41       +35%
  Detention and deportation..................................       161       289       581      +292      +101%
  Program support and construction...........................       227       600       624       +24        +4%
                                                              --------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, Appropriated Funds.............................       967     1,731     2,457      +726       +42%
                                                                                                                
Fee collections and reimbursements:                                                                             
  Citizenship and benefits...................................       308       523       648      +125       +24%
  Air/sea inspections and support............................       243       320       419       +99       +31%
  Detention and support......................................        12        11       117      +106      +964%
                                                              --------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal, Fee Collections and Reimbursements.............       563       854     1,184      +330       +39%
                                                              ==================================================
Total, Immigration and Naturalization Service................     1,530     2,585     3,641    +1,056       +41%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

   Securing the Border: Controlling the Nation's 6,000-mile border with 
limited resources is a continuing challenge for INS. The 
Administration's goal is unambiguous--to ensure that the border deters 
illegal immigration, drug trafficking, and alien smuggling, while 
facilitating legal immigration and commerce. The President's immigration 
initiative included a strategy to gain control at the Southwest border 
and restore the rule of law, and the Administration backed it up with 
unprecedented increases in Border Patrol agents, advanced technology, 
and investments in infrastructure. The budget would fulfill the 
President's commitment to a Border Patrol staffing goal of 7,000 
agents--an 85-percent increase from 1993 to 1998 (see Chart 5-2).


   Border Enforcement Strategy: Over the past four years, the 
          Administration has launched targeted enforcement initiatives 
          in Texas, California, and Arizona to control parts of the 
          border that were historically the major corridors for illegal 
          immigration. In the San Diego, El Paso, and Tucson areas--
          sites that account for over 75 percent of illegal crossings 
          and where the Border Patrol has focused more resources over 
          the past few years--violent 

[[Page 92]]

          and property crime rates have 
          dropped by a dramatic 15 to 39 percent. This targeted use of 
          Border Patrol agents in urban areas has forced illegal 
          crossers to rural, mountainous, and desert locations where the 
          difficult terrain gives the Border Patrol an advantage in 
          apprehending them.
   Border Infrastructure and Technology: The Administration has, 
          along the entire Southwest border, expanded advanced 
          technology to support enforcement. The technology includes the 
          IDENT system, an automated fingerprint identification system 
          that allows INS, for the first time, to readily identify 
          criminal aliens, track illegal crossing patterns, and collect 
          data on repeat crossers. With the help of the National Guard 
          and military personnel, the INS also has built over 63 miles 
          of fencing and 1,200 miles of roads, and installed over 17 
          miles of lighting to control drug trafficking, alien 
          smuggling, and illegal immigration. And, since 1993, INS has 
          added over 165 infrared night scopes, 8,600 ground sensors, 
          and 8,000 encrypted radios to support enhanced border 
          enforcement.
   Border Control and Detention Construction: For too long, INS 
          has worked from decrepit and inadequate Border Patrol 
          stations, and has been forced to incarcerate illegal aliens in 
          antiquated and unsafe detention facilities. The budget 
          supports an INS construction program that would complete six 
          Border Patrol projects and two detention facility projects. 
          Along with the military, INS also would fund 11 fencing, 
          border lighting, vehicle barrier, and road projects to secure 
          the Southwest border.

   Detaining and Removing Illegal Aliens: Last year's immigration reform 
law requires mandatory incarceration, pending deportation, for aliens 
involved in crime. The Administration is moving quickly to implement the 
law, funding 1,864 more jail beds in 1998 and adding investigators and 
detention staff. The budget would bring total detention bedspace to over 
13,900 beds in 1998 and fund nearly 

[[Page 93]]

3,200 staff to support detention and deportation activities. INS removed over 68,200 aliens, including 37,000 criminal aliens, in 1996 and estimates that it will remove over 93,000 aliens, at least 55,000 of them criminal aliens, in 1997.
   Port Courts: The Port Court program, initiated in 1995 in San 
          Diego, imposes immediate consequences--including exclusion and 
          deportation--for those who attempt to enter the United States 
          with fraudulent documents or small amounts of drugs. In its 
          first full year of operation, over 8,000 aliens were removed 
          through expedited proceedings at the Port Court. The budget 
          provides funds to continue the Port Court concept in San Diego 
          and at the Miami Airport.
   Institutional Hearing Program (IHP): Under this program, 
          criminal aliens have a deportation hearing while serving time 
          in a Federal or State institution, paving the way for 
          immediate deportation upon completion of a criminal sentence. 
          The program ensures that criminal aliens are not released onto 
          the streets. INS has expanded this program, which began in 
          California, to States with large incarcerated alien 
          populations. In 1995, INS began cooperative IHPs in 
          California, Texas, New York, and Florida. The budget continues 
          funding for IHP programs in these States and in New Jersey and 
          Arizona.
  State and Local Alien Incarceration: Through the State 
          Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP), the President has 
          provided unprecedented help to reimburse State and local 
          governments for the costs of incarcerating illegal criminal 
          aliens. In 1996, the Federal Government provided $495 million 
          to reimburse 49 States and 94 localities--covering most costs 
          associated with incarcerating aliens in non-Federal 
          facilities. The budget extends the commitment, providing $500 
          million for reimbursements. The Federal Government plans to 
          ensure that States and localities receiving SCAAP funds fully 
          cooperate with INS in its efforts to expedite criminal alien 
          removals.

   Reducing the Job Magnet for Illegal Entry: The U.S. economy acts as a 
powerful ``job magnet,'' drawing hundreds of thousands of illegal aliens 
to this country each year. The Administration has built a strong 
foundation for an effective worksite enforcement strategy to reduce the 
draw of illegal aliens.
   Employment and Data Verification: In 1995, INS launched a 
          pilot employment verification system with over 200 employers 
          in Orange County, California. It allowed employers to quickly 
          verify the employment eligibility of newly hired non-citizens. 
          INS expanded the pilot in 1996 to over 1,000 employers and 
          into Florida. The budget proposes over $30 million in 
          additional funding to correct INS data and expand verification 
          efforts.
   Worksite Enforcement: In 1996, INS removed over 15,000 
          illegal workers from the workplace through such enforcement 
          initiatives as Operation JOBS and SouthPAW (Protecting 
          American Workers). Worksite enforcement is the third leg of 
          the Administration's enforcement strategy, and INS is 
          committed to showing both employers who knowingly violate the 
          law as well as illegal workers that we mean business and will 
          enforce the law. INS' efforts have focused on industries with 
          a history of hiring illegal workers. In the past year alone, 
          INS has targeted over 900 employers and apprehended 8,700 
          illegal workers, freeing up over $117 million in wages for 
          legal workers. Since 1993, INS has removed over 30,000 illegal 
          workers from their jobs.

  Encouraging Naturalization and Citizenship: In 1995, in response to an 
unprecedented increase in citizenship applications, the Administration 
launched a major naturalization initiative--Citizenship USA. The 
initiative, targeted in five key cities where over 75 percent of 
naturalization applications came in and where a naturalization backlog 
was building, led to streamlined citizenship procedures and reduced 
applicant processing times. In 1996, over 1.2 million naturalization 
applicants became U.S. citizens--the highest ever. The average 
application process, which in the past exceeded a year, is now six 
months.