    [Budget of the U.S. Government]
    [VI. Investing in the Common Good: The Major Functions of the Federal Government]
    [12. National Defense]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

    [[Page 137]]

                              12.  NATIONAL DEFENSE

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                              Table 12-1.  FEDERAL RESOURCES IN SUPPORT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
                                                (In millions of dollars)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Estimate
                Function 050                1996   -----------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Actual      1997       1998       1999       2000       2001       2002
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Spending:
      Discretionary Budget Authority...    265,007    263,072    265,974    269,834    275,517    281,997    289,760
      Mandatory Outlays:
        Existing law...................       -208       -782       -740       -682       -542       -528       -514
        Proposed legislation...........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........  .........       -200
    Credit Activity:
      Guaranteed loans.................        276         50        250        500        800        800        800
    Tax Expenditures:
      Existing law.....................      2,060      2,080      2,095      2,120      2,140      2,160      2,180
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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       Through its budget, the Federal Government in recent years has
    provided about $265 billion a year to defend the United States, its
    citizens, and its allies, and to protect and advance American interests
    around the world. National defense programs and activities are designed
    to ensure that the United States maintains strong, ready, and modern
    military forces that will promote U.S. objectives in peacetime, deter
    and prevent war, and successfully defend our Nation and its interests in
    wartime, in conjunction with our allies, when necessary.
       Over the past half-century, our defense program has deterred both
    conventional and nuclear attack upon U.S. soil and brought a successful
    end to the Cold War. Today, the United States is the sole remaining
    superpower in the world, with unique military capabilities unsurpassed
    by any nation. As the world's best trained and best equipped fighting
    force, the U.S. military continues to provide the strength and
    leadership that serves as the foundation upon which to promote peace,
    freedom, and prosperity around the globe.
       Again and again in the past three years, U.S. troops have
    demonstrated the continued readiness and strength required to achieve
    these objectives:
      Our forces maintain a continuous presence in the Persian Gulf,
              providing security for a volatile region of the world; in
              1994, rapid deployment of additional U.S. forces to the
              Persian Gulf turned back a potential Iraqi threat to Kuwait;
      With the 82nd Airborne division en route to Haiti, we forced
              the Cedras regime to relinquish power, and the peaceful
              introduction of U.S. forces to the island established a secure
              environment for the Haitian people to find freedom and re-
              create a democratic government;
      Hundreds of thousands of lives in Rwanda and Somalia were
              saved through U.S. humanitarian missions; and,
      By helping to enforce United Nations mandates in the former
              Yugoslavia and by subsequently deploying a substantial U.S.
              force under NATO command, the United States is helping to
              successfully implement the Dayton Peace Agreement.

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     Department of Defense

       The Department of Defense (DOD) budget provides for the pay,
    training, operation and maintenance, and support of U.S. military
    forces, and for the development and acquisition of modern equipment to:
      Assure that the U.S. military remains the world's most ready
              and capable force;
      Sustain U.S. defense forces at levels sufficient to meet post-
              Cold War challenges;
      Give U.S. forces the military hardware that employs the best
              available technologies; and
      Assure the Nation's security by seeking arms control
              agreements, reducing weapons of mass destruction while
              preventing their proliferation, and combating terrorism.
       To achieve these objectives, DOD supports these capabilities:

       Conventional Forces.--The Nation needs conventional forces to deter
    aggression and, when that fails, to respond to it. Funds to support
    these forces cover pay and benefits for military personnel; the
    purchase, operation, and maintenance of conventional systems such as
    tanks, aircraft and ships; the purchase of ammunition and spare parts;
    and training. Major acquisitions in the President's budget plan include
    combat vehicle and aircraft enhancements for the Army, such as the
    Abrams tank and the Apache helicopter; ships for the Navy, such as DDG-
    51 destroyers and the New Attack Submarine; aircraft for the Air Force,
    such as F-15E multi-role fighters and a JSTARS surveillance aircraft;
    and the V-22 aircraft for the Marine Corps.
       Mobility Forces.--Mobility forces provide the airlift and sealift
    that transport military personnel and materiel throughout the world.
    They play a critical role in current U.S. defense strategy and are a
    vital component of America's response to contingencies that range from
    humanitarian relief efforts to major regional conflicts. Airlift
    aircraft provide a flexible, rapid way to deploy forces and supplies
    quickly to distant regions, while sealift ships allow the deployment of
    large numbers of heavy forces together with their fuel and supplies. The
    mobility program also includes prepositioning of equipment and supplies
    at sea or on land near the location of a potential crisis. This allows
    U.S. forces that must respond rapidly to crises overseas to quickly draw
    upon these prepositioned items. Major acquisitions in this area include
    the C-17 strategic airlift aircraft and large medium-speed roll on/roll
    off ships.
       Strategic Forces.--Funding for nuclear forces is at its lowest level
    in over 30 years. Nonetheless, strategic forces are an important
    component of our capability. Within treaty-imposed limits, the primary
    mission of strategic forces is to deter nuclear attack against the
    United States and its allies, and to convince potential adversaries that
    they will never gain a nuclear advantage against the United States. The
    budget enhances land, air, and sea-based forces by supporting service
    life extension programs for the Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic
    missile, continued modifications to B-2 bombers, and procurement of
    additional Trident II (D-5) submarine launched ballistic missiles.
       Supporting Activities.--Supporting defense activities include
    research and development, communications, intelligence, training and
    medical services, central supply and maintenance, and other logistics
    activities. The goal of defense research and development programs is to
    provide new and better weapons systems that will be superior to the
    weapons of potential adversaries.

     Department of Energy

       The unifying mission of the Energy Department's (DOE) defense
    activities is to reduce the global nuclear danger. DOE works to
    accomplish this goal by:
      Supporting and maintaining a safe, secure, reliable, and
              smaller nuclear weapons stockpile without nuclear testing,
              within the framework of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty;
      Dismantling excess nuclear weapons;
      Providing technical leadership for national and global
              nonproliferation efforts; and
      Reducing the environmental, safety, and health risks from
              current and former facilities in the nuclear weapons complex.

    [[Page 139]]

     Defense-Related Activities

       Other activities in this function that support national defense
    include programs of the:
      Coast Guard, which supports the defense mission through
              training, aids to navigation, international icebreaking,
              equipment maintenance, and support of the Coast Guard Reserve;
      Federal Bureau of Investigation, which conducts
              counterintelligence and surveillance activities;
      Maritime Administration, which helps maintain a fleet of
              active, military-useful, privately owned U.S. vessels that
              would be available in times of national emergency; and the
      Selective Service System, which is initiating a Service to
              America program that will give almost two million young
              Americans a year the chance to volunteer for Americorps or the
              Armed Services.