    [Budget of the U.S. Government]
    [V. Creating Opportunity, Demanding Responsibility, and Strengthening Community]
    [5. Enforcing the Law]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov]

    [[Page 85]]

                              5.  ENFORCING THE LAW

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

      At the beginning of my Administration, we set out to change the country's approach to crime by putting more
    officers on our streets through community policing, and taking guns out of the hands of criminals. We are making
    a difference. Today, our neighborhoods are safer, and we are restoring the American people's confidence that
    crime can be reduced.

                                          President Clinton
                                          January 5, 1997

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------
      The budget extends the Administration's commitment to cut crime, curb
    the scourge of illegal drugs, and secure the Nation's borders.
       With overall crime dropping, the budget proposes to make further
    progress while targeting a remaining area of concern--juvenile crime and
    violence. In addition, the budget continues the President's progress
    toward putting 100,000 more police on the street, while increasing State
    grants for prison construction and for preventing violence against
    women. While crime remains mainly a State and local responsibility, the
    success of the Brady bill in preventing over 100,000 felons, fugitives,
    and stalkers from obtaining guns shows the Federal Government also has
    an important role to play.
       The budget renews the Administration's efforts to fight drug abuse,
    particularly by focusing on youth prevention programs to reverse the
    recent trends of softening attitudes towards drugs and increased drug
    use by youth. It also continues efforts to stress treatment and
    prevention, domestic law enforcement, international programs, and
    interdiction. It would increase funds for the innovative Drug Courts
    initiative, for drug testing, for the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and
    Communities Program, for targeted interdiction efforts along the
    Nation's Southern border, and for disrupting the drug industry and its
    leadership overseas. The budget proposes to increase spending for these
    purposes by over $800 million in 1998, and by more than $6 billion
    between 1997 and 2002.
       Finally, the budget strengthens the Administration's aggressive
    efforts to control illegal immigration by targeting resources to stop
    those who want to enter the United States illegally, detain and quickly
    remove those who slipped by, and make it harder for illegal immigrants
    to get jobs. It proposes to strengthen border enforcement in the South
    and West, to continue Port Courts to expedite removals, and to expand
    efforts to verify the employment eligibility of newly hired non-
    citizens.

    Fighting Crime

       The Administration's efforts to work with communities and local
    police forces are paying off. Serious and violent crime dropped for the
    fifth year in a row in 1996, marking the longest period of decline in 25
    years.

       But, while overall crime rates are dropping, young people are
    increasingly the perpetrators and victims of some of society's most
    violent crimes. As a result, the Administration's crime-fighting agenda
    includes a major focus on reducing juvenile crime and violence. Its
    programs recognize that youth violence has to be addressed in the home,
    on the street, and in the community.
       The budget proposes $24.9 billion to control crime, an increase of
    $1.1 billion over 1997, as illustrated on Chart 5-1. Of the total, the
    Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund (VCRTF) provides $5.5 billion toward
    programs authorized in the 1994 Crime Act, an increase of $817 million
    over 1997, as shown on Table 5-1. Federal spending, however, accounts
    for only 17 percent of all

    [[Page 86]]

    law enforcement resources. Thus, the Administration proposes to continue empowering States and communities, which play the central role in controlling crime, particularly violent crime.

       Community Policing: The cornerstone of the President's program to
    fight crime, particularly violent crime in our communities, is his plan
    to place 100,000 more police officers on the streets by 2000. Putting
    the idea of community policing into action, the program seeks to cut
    crime, violence, and disorder by applying proven, effective programs and
    strategies. By the end of 1997, the Community Oriented Policing Services
    (COPS) initiative will have funded about 64,000 additional police
    officers. For 1998, the budget proposes $1.4 billion to put nearly
    17,000 more officers on the street in local communities.
       In addition to funding new police officers, COPS enables local law
    enforcement agencies to buy sophisticated crime equipment and hire
    support personnel. These purchases, in turn, allow communities to deploy
    more officers. To enhance State and local law enforcement recruitment,
    retention, and education, the budget proposes $20 million each for the
    Police Corps and for police scholarships, increasing the number of
    police officers with advanced education and training.

       Juveniles: The budget proposes a $50 million increase to support more
    local community prevention programs such as mentoring, truancy
    prevention, and gang intervention. To prevent young people from becoming
    involved in the juvenile justice system, the budget expands programs
    that provide supervised afternoon and evening activities for youth.
    These programs include $63 million for community schools, supervision,
    and youth services grants--an increase of $50 million over 1997.
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                           Table 5-1.  VIOLENT CRIME REDUCTION TRUST FUND SPENDING BY FUNCTION
                                     (Budget authority, dollar amounts in millions)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                  Dollar    Percent
                                                                     1996      1997      1998     Change:   Change:
                                                                    Actual   Estimate  Proposed   1996 to   1996 to
                                                                                                   1998       1998
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Prevention:
      Violence Against Women.....................................       228       259       381      +153       +67%
      Drug Courts................................................        18        30        75       +57      +317%
      Prison Drug Treatment......................................        27        30        63       +36      +133%
      Other Prevention Programs..................................         4        34        57       +53    +1,483%
                                                                  --------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, Prevention.....................................       277       353       576      +299      +108%

    State and Local Assistance:
      Community Policing.........................................     1,400     1,420     1,545      +145       +10%
      Incarceration of Violent Offenders.........................       618       670       710       +93       +15%
      Incarceration of Undocumented Criminal Aliens..............       300       330       350       +50       +17%
      Other State and Local Assistance...........................       690       790       707       +17        +2%
                                                                  --------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, State and Local Assistance.....................     3,008     3,210     3,312      +304       +10%

    Federal Law Enforcement Assistance:
      Department of Justice......................................       702     1,002     1,444      +742      +106%
      Department of the Treasury.................................        69        89       118       +49       +70%
      Judiciary..................................................        30        30        50       +20       +67%
                                                                  --------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, Federal Law Enforcement Assistance.............       801     1,121     1,612      +811      +101%
                                                                  ==================================================
    Total, Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund....................     4,085     4,683     5,500    +1,415       +35%

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Note: The Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund received appropriations for the first time in 1995.

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

       Gangs: The President has worked hard to get guns off the streets and
    out of the hands of children, to crack down on violent teen

    [[Page 87]]

    gangs, and to teach children that drugs are wrong, illegal, and dangerous. As gangs become an increasingly powerful and deadly force, the Administration is
    pursuing a coordinated national strategy to combat them. For example,
    the budget proposes $100 million for prosecutorial offices to hire more
    prosecutors and take other steps, $50 million for a new juvenile court
    initiative, and $75 million for a local youth crime intervention
    initiative. The budget also proposes programs specifically targeted to
    stem violence on the street and in public housing, including:
       Safe Streets Task Forces: The budget proposes $93 million to
              continue the Safe Streets program, which blends the efforts of
              the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and other Federal
              law enforcement agencies with those of State and local police
              departments to investigate street crime and violence.
       One Strike, You're Out: The President believes that public
              housing is a privilege, not a right, and residents who commit
              crime and peddle drugs should be immediately evicted. The
              budget provides $290 million to support anti-drug and anti-
              crime activities in public housing, including enforcement of
              the President's One Strike, You're Out initiative.

       Violent Offenders: The Administration seeks to ensure that convicted
    violent offenders serve at least 85 percent of their sentences behind
    bars. To reach this goal, the budget proposes $710 million in State
    grants to build new prisons and jail cells under two programs--the
    Violent Offender Incarceration and the Truth in Sentencing Programs.
    Nation-

    [[Page 88]]

    wide, the prison population is growing by over 1,700 inmates a
    week, and will likely grow faster as tougher sentencing laws and
    practices that these grant programs require are implemented. The 1998
    funding level finances about 9,500 new prison beds. It includes $150
    million to reimburse States for the costs of incarcerating criminal
    aliens and $35 million to improve State and local correctional
    facilities that hold Federal prisoners.
       Crime Prevention: The President's Crime Prevention Council, which the
    Vice President chairs, seeks to coordinate Federal approaches to
    preventing crime. It helps communities get information about crime
    prevention programs, develops strategies for integrating programs and
    simplifying grants, publishes a catalog of prevention programs, and
    provides grants to communities for youth crime prevention programs.
       Violence Against Women: The Administration recognizes that violence
    against women is a growing problem. To combat gender-based crime, the
    budget proposes $381 million--the full authorized level and an increase
    of $123 million over 1997. Programs in this category include grants to
    encourage mandatory arrest policies and to encourage coordination among
    law enforcement officials, prosecutors, and victims assistance
    organizations. Academic studies show that mandatory arrest policies
    often break the cycle of violence and reduce subsequent incidents of
    domestic violence. The expansion of these programs will enable States to
    enhance their efforts to respond to violent crimes committed against
    women, and to further expand access to previously under-served Indian
    and other minority populations.
       State Prison Drug Testing: The budget proposes $63 million for this
    program, a $33 million increase over 1997. The funding would allow
    States to increase the number of residential substance abuse programs
    and treat about 23,000 prisoners. Experts generally agree that drug
    treatment programs aimed at prisoners are among the most cost-effective
    programs available in the fight against crime. In 1997, the President
    proposed and Congress agreed to require States to test prisoners and
    parolees as a condition for receiving State prison grants.
      Counter-terrorism: While acts of domestic terrorism have been isolated
    incidents, the Administration has sought more Federal resources to
    ensure the safety and security of the Government and public from these
    violent, illegal acts. The President sought additional resources last
    year to fight terrorism, and Congress overwhelmingly agreed, providing
    $1.1 billion in new counter-terrorism funds. The budget would continue
    these programs.
       Methamphetamine: Methamphetamine is quickly becoming the growth drug
    of the 1990s. Also known on the street as ``crank,'' ``ice,'' and
    ``speed,'' methamphetamine is a dangerous stimulant that generates the
    same addiction cycle and psychological trauma associated with crack
    cocaine. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) trains its agents, as
    well as State and local law enforcement agencies, to seize clandestine
    methamphetamine laboratories. Since 1994, the DEA has devoted almost 10
    percent more work hours to methamphetamine investigations. The budget
    proposes to increase funding by $11 million to continue DEA's anti-
    methamphetamine efforts.
       Digital Telephony: The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement
    Act ensures that law enforcement agencies can conduct court-authorized
    wiretaps as the Nation converts from analog to digital communications
    technology. With $100 million available in 1997 to help develop the
    technology changes to provide this capability, the President proposes
    another $100 million in 1998 to continue the effort.

    Combating Drug Abuse and Drug-Related Crime

       Drug abuse and drug-related crime cost our society an estimated $67
    billion a year \1\ and destroy the lives and futures of our most
    precious resource--our children. Illicit drug trafficking breeds crime,
    violence, and corruption across the globe, drug use facilitates the
    spread of AIDS and other deadly diseases, and addiction erodes the
    user's dignity and productivity. The effects of drug use and drug-
    related crime are felt acutely by all

    [[Page 89]]

    Americans, transcending economic, geographic, and other boundaries.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
      \1\ ``Substance Abuse: The Nation's Number One Health Problem,'' Key
    Indicators for Policy, Institute for Health Policy, Brandeis University
    (1993).
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
       The budget proposes $16.0 billion for anti-drug abuse programs, a
    five-percent increase over 1997. It builds on earlier initiatives by
    renewing the emphasis on drug treatment and prevention, especially for
    children and adolescents; domestic law enforcement; international
    programs; and interdiction. (For summary information, see Table 5-2.)
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                                            Table 5-2.   DRUG CONTROL FUNDING
                                     (Budget authority, dollar amounts in millions)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                  Dollar    Percent
                                                                     1996      1997      1998     Change:   Change:
                                                                    Actual   Estimate  Proposed   1996 to   1996 to
                                                                                                   1998       1998
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Demand Reduction.............................................     4,441     4,977     5,474    +1,034       +23%
    Supply Reduction.............................................     9,013    10,182    10,502    +1,489       +17%
                                                                  --------------------------------------------------
      Total, Drug Control Funding................................    13,454    15,159    15,977    +2,523       +19%
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------
       In particular, the budget proposes a coordinated, multi-agency
    approach to combating all types of substance abuse among youth--
    including tobacco and alcohol--with a comprehensive prevention
    initiative that focuses, in particular, on State-level data documenting
    trends in drug use. This comprehensive approach, consistent with the
    President's National Drug Control Strategy, comes in response to
    national surveys showing a dramatic rise in substance abuse among
    adolescents.

       Community-Based Prevention: The Administration is committed to
    reversing the trend of increased drug use by our youth, and it proposes
    $2.2 billion for drug prevention programs, 15 percent more than in 1997.
    After significant and consistent declines through the 1980s, teenage
    drug use is rising and anti-drug attitudes have softened--due in part to
    drug glamorization in the popular culture and the recent debate
    concerning drug legalization. In light of the recent ``medicinal
    marijuana'' initiatives adopted in California and Arizona, the
    Administration believes it is more important than ever to continue
    sending a single ``no use'' message and to focus on keeping America's
    youth drug free.
       National Media Awareness Campaign: The Office of National
              Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) will develop a media campaign--to
              include public service announcements, targeted at youth and
              their parents, on the consequences of drug use and the use of
              alcohol and tobacco. ONDCP will finance the campaign from the
              $175 million in discretionary funds that the budget proposes
              for ONDCP's Director to combat emerging drug abuse threats.
      The Safe and Drug Free Schools and Communities Program: The
              Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities program is the
              Federal Government's largest effort to inoculate children
              against drug abuse and ensure that schools are safe and
              disciplined learning environments. The program supports drug
              and violence prevention efforts in 97 percent of all school
              districts through educational activities, teacher training,
              curriculum development, peer counseling, security services,
              and other activities. The budget proposes to spend $620
              million for this program, 12 percent more than in 1997, and to
              encourage States to adopt models of proven effectiveness.

       Drug Intervention: The budget proposes $3.3 billion to treat drug
    abuse, seven percent more than in 1997. The Administration seeks to
    address drug abuse where the battle is toughest--in the streets, in
    jails, and in urban and rural drug markets. A priority is treating
    chronic, hard-core drug users; they consume a disproportionate amount of
    illicit drugs and impose a disproportionate share of drug-related costs
    on society.

    [[Page 90]]

       Drug Courts: The budget proposes $75 million, a 150-percent
              increase over 1997, for the Drug Courts initiative. These
              courts offer an alternative to incarceration for non-violent
              offenders who are willing to participate in, and would benefit
              from, rehabilitative drug treatment. Drug Court programs rely
              on sanctions, such as incarceration and increased drug-testing
              and supervision, to encourage treatment.
       Substance Abuse Treatment: The budget proposes $1.3 billion,
              one percent more than in 1997, to support State substance
              abuse activities, which target resources to local user
              populations. In addition, the budget maintains support for
              treatment and prevention services for everyone in need,
              including pregnant women, high-risk youth, and other under-
              served Americans. (For a discussion of funding proposals for
              the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, see
              Chapter 1.)
       Arrestee Drug Testing: The budget includes $42 million, 40
              percent more than in 1997, for the costs associated with drug-
              testing Federal, State, and local arrestees. With these funds,
              the Administration would establish Federal demonstration pre-
              trial drug testing programs and promote new, comprehensive
              drug testing programs at the State and local levels, for both
              pre-trial and post-conviction populations. In addition, the
              Administration has begun requiring, as a condition of
              receiving Federal highway funds, that every State make it
              illegal for anyone under 21 to drive with alcohol in his or
              her bloodstream.

       Domestic Drug Law Enforcement: The budget proposes $8.4 billion for
    domestic drug law enforcement, four percent more than in 1997. The funds
    would enhance Federal law enforcement efforts while targeting new
    resources to community-based law enforcement, stopping the flow of
    illegal drugs through the Southwest border, and training Federal, State,
    and local law enforcement agencies to seize clandestine methamphetamine
    laboratories. The Federal role would continue to focus on providing
    leadership and training; fostering intergovernmental cooperation through
    the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas program, DEA's Southwest
    border initiative, and other efforts; and providing incentives to States
    and localities to adopt proven drug control methods. The number of High
    Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas has risen from five in 1993 to 15 in
    1997.
       Interdiction and International Programs: The Administration has
    launched a multi-faceted international strategy, making it harder for
    traffickers to smuggle illicit drugs into the United States for sale.
       Southern Tier of the United States: The Administration is
              working to stem the flow of narcotics through land and
              seaports along the Nation's Southern tier. The budget would
              reinforce efforts by the Customs Service to strengthen border
              enforcement along the Southern tier by providing $36 million
              for increased drug interdiction efforts. The budget also
              increases support for other Southwest border interdiction
              efforts, including $16 million for the Immigration and
              Naturalization Service (INS), $46 million for the DEA's and
              the FBI's Southwest border drug interdiction efforts, and $47
              million for Coast Guard interdiction activities.
       Source Nation Efforts: Internationally, the United States is
              focusing on not just interdiction in source countries and
              transit zones, but also on disrupting the drug leadership and
              its production, marketing, and money laundering structure.
              Increased U.S. efforts in Colombia helped secure the arrest of
              several Cali Cartel leaders. The budget proposes to increase
              funding for counter-narcotics programs in Peru to $40 million,
              74 percent more than in 1997, to encourage that nation to grow
              crops other than drugs. The budget also proposes to continue
              funding for the same purpose in Bolivia.

    Deterring Illegal Immigration

       The President has put a high priority on controlling our Nation's
    borders, reversing decades of neglect. He has launched an aggressive
    strategy of deterrence and has fought successfully for a dramatic
    increase in INS resources to stop illegal entry, detain and promptly
    remove those here illegally, and end the easy access to the Nation's job
    market that illegal workers have enjoyed.

    [[Page 91]]

       As a Nation of immigrants, the United States continues to welcome
    those who seek legal entry and refugees who seek protection from harm in
    their home countries. In 1996 alone, the Nation welcomed over a million
    new naturalized U.S. citizens. As a Nation of laws, however, we are
    committed to maintaining the integrity of our borders, and deterring and
    removing those who are here illegally.
       Over the past five years, in coordination with Congress, the
    Administration has increased funding for INS by 111 percent. The budget
    continues support for efforts that advance border control and illegal
    alien detention and removal, and the efficient processing of those
    seeking citizenship. The budget proposes $3.6 billion for INS, 13
    percent more than in 1997 and 41 percent more than in 1996 (see Table 5-
    3).
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                          Table 5-3.  IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE FUNDING BY PROGRAM
                                     (Budget authority, dollar amounts in millions)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                  Dollar    Percent
                                                                     1993      1996      1998     Change:   Change:
                                                                    Actual    Actual   Proposed   1996 to   1996 to
                                                                                                   1998       1998
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Appropriated Funds:
      Border Patrol..............................................       354       536       818      +282       +53%
      Investigations and intelligence............................       142       190       277       +87       +46%
      Land border inspections....................................        83       116       157       +41       +35%
      Detention and deportation..................................       161       289       581      +292      +101%
      Program support and construction...........................       227       600       624       +24        +4%
                                                                  --------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, Appropriated Funds.............................       967     1,731     2,457      +726       +42%

    Fee collections and reimbursements:
      Citizenship and benefits...................................       308       523       648      +125       +24%
      Air/sea inspections and support............................       243       320       419       +99       +31%
      Detention and support......................................        12        11       117      +106      +964%
                                                                  --------------------------------------------------
        Subtotal, Fee Collections and Reimbursements.............       563       854     1,184      +330       +39%
                                                                  ==================================================
    Total, Immigration and Naturalization Service................     1,530     2,585     3,641    +1,056       +41%
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

      ----------------------------------------------------------------------

       Securing the Border: Controlling the Nation's 6,000-mile border with
    limited resources is a continuing challenge for INS. The
    Administration's goal is unambiguous--to ensure that the border deters
    illegal immigration, drug trafficking, and alien smuggling, while
    facilitating legal immigration and commerce. The President's immigration
    initiative included a strategy to gain control at the Southwest border
    and restore the rule of law, and the Administration backed it up with
    unprecedented increases in Border Patrol agents, advanced technology,
    and investments in infrastructure. The budget would fulfill the
    President's commitment to a Border Patrol staffing goal of 7,000
    agents--an 85-percent increase from 1993 to 1998 (see Chart 5-2).

       Border Enforcement Strategy: Over the past four years, the
              Administration has launched targeted enforcement initiatives
              in Texas, California, and Arizona to control parts of the
              border that were historically the major corridors for illegal
              immigration. In the San Diego, El Paso, and Tucson areas--
              sites that account for over 75 percent of illegal crossings
              and where the Border Patrol has focused more resources over
              the past few years--violent

    [[Page 92]]

              and property crime rates have
              dropped by a dramatic 15 to 39 percent. This targeted use of
              Border Patrol agents in urban areas has forced illegal
              crossers to rural, mountainous, and desert locations where the
              difficult terrain gives the Border Patrol an advantage in
              apprehending them.
       Border Infrastructure and Technology: The Administration has,
              along the entire Southwest border, expanded advanced
              technology to support enforcement. The technology includes the
              IDENT system, an automated fingerprint identification system
              that allows INS, for the first time, to readily identify
              criminal aliens, track illegal crossing patterns, and collect
              data on repeat crossers. With the help of the National Guard
              and military personnel, the INS also has built over 63 miles
              of fencing and 1,200 miles of roads, and installed over 17
              miles of lighting to control drug trafficking, alien
              smuggling, and illegal immigration. And, since 1993, INS has
              added over 165 infrared night scopes, 8,600 ground sensors,
              and 8,000 encrypted radios to support enhanced border
              enforcement.
       Border Control and Detention Construction: For too long, INS
              has worked from decrepit and inadequate Border Patrol
              stations, and has been forced to incarcerate illegal aliens in
              antiquated and unsafe detention facilities. The budget
              supports an INS construction program that would complete six
              Border Patrol projects and two detention facility projects.
              Along with the military, INS also would fund 11 fencing,
              border lighting, vehicle barrier, and road projects to secure
              the Southwest border.

       Detaining and Removing Illegal Aliens: Last year's immigration reform
    law requires mandatory incarceration, pending deportation, for aliens
    involved in crime. The Administration is moving quickly to implement the
    law, funding 1,864 more jail beds in 1998 and adding investigators and
    detention staff. The budget would bring total detention bedspace to over
    13,900 beds in 1998 and fund nearly

    [[Page 93]]

    3,200 staff to support detention and deportation activities. INS removed over 68,200 aliens, including 37,000 criminal aliens, in 1996 and estimates that it will remove over 93,000 aliens, at least 55,000 of them criminal aliens, in 1997.
       Port Courts: The Port Court program, initiated in 1995 in San
              Diego, imposes immediate consequences--including exclusion and
              deportation--for those who attempt to enter the United States
              with fraudulent documents or small amounts of drugs. In its
              first full year of operation, over 8,000 aliens were removed
              through expedited proceedings at the Port Court. The budget
              provides funds to continue the Port Court concept in San Diego
              and at the Miami Airport.
       Institutional Hearing Program (IHP): Under this program,
              criminal aliens have a deportation hearing while serving time
              in a Federal or State institution, paving the way for
              immediate deportation upon completion of a criminal sentence.
              The program ensures that criminal aliens are not released onto
              the streets. INS has expanded this program, which began in
              California, to States with large incarcerated alien
              populations. In 1995, INS began cooperative IHPs in
              California, Texas, New York, and Florida. The budget continues
              funding for IHP programs in these States and in New Jersey and
              Arizona.
      State and Local Alien Incarceration: Through the State
              Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP), the President has
              provided unprecedented help to reimburse State and local
              governments for the costs of incarcerating illegal criminal
              aliens. In 1996, the Federal Government provided $495 million
              to reimburse 49 States and 94 localities--covering most costs
              associated with incarcerating aliens in non-Federal
              facilities. The budget extends the commitment, providing $500
              million for reimbursements. The Federal Government plans to
              ensure that States and localities receiving SCAAP funds fully
              cooperate with INS in its efforts to expedite criminal alien
              removals.

       Reducing the Job Magnet for Illegal Entry: The U.S. economy acts as a
    powerful ``job magnet,'' drawing hundreds of thousands of illegal aliens
    to this country each year. The Administration has built a strong
    foundation for an effective worksite enforcement strategy to reduce the
    draw of illegal aliens.
       Employment and Data Verification: In 1995, INS launched a
              pilot employment verification system with over 200 employers
              in Orange County, California. It allowed employers to quickly
              verify the employment eligibility of newly hired non-citizens.
              INS expanded the pilot in 1996 to over 1,000 employers and
              into Florida. The budget proposes over $30 million in
              additional funding to correct INS data and expand verification
              efforts.
       Worksite Enforcement: In 1996, INS removed over 15,000
              illegal workers from the workplace through such enforcement
              initiatives as Operation JOBS and SouthPAW (Protecting
              American Workers). Worksite enforcement is the third leg of
              the Administration's enforcement strategy, and INS is
              committed to showing both employers who knowingly violate the
              law as well as illegal workers that we mean business and will
              enforce the law. INS' efforts have focused on industries with
              a history of hiring illegal workers. In the past year alone,
              INS has targeted over 900 employers and apprehended 8,700
              illegal workers, freeing up over $117 million in wages for
              legal workers. Since 1993, INS has removed over 30,000 illegal
              workers from their jobs.

      Encouraging Naturalization and Citizenship: In 1995, in response to an
    unprecedented increase in citizenship applications, the Administration
    launched a major naturalization initiative--Citizenship USA. The
    initiative, targeted in five key cities where over 75 percent of
    naturalization applications came in and where a naturalization backlog
    was building, led to streamlined citizenship procedures and reduced
    applicant processing times. In 1996, over 1.2 million naturalization
    applicants became U.S. citizens--the highest ever. The average
    application process, which in the past exceeded a year, is now six
    months.