[Analytical Perspectives]
[Special Analyses and Presentations]
[9. Aid to State and Local Governments]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]


  State and local governments have a vital constitutional responsibility 
to provide government services. They have the major role in providing 
domestic public services, such as public education, law enforcement, 
roads, water supply, and sewage treatment. The Federal Government 
contributes to that role both by promoting a healthy economy and by 
providing grants, loans, and tax subsidies to State and local 
governments.
  \1\Federal aid to State and local governments is defined as the 
provision of resources by the Federal Government to support a State or 
local program of governmental service to the public. The three primary 
forms of aid are grants, loans, and tax expenditures.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Federal grants help State and local governments finance programs 
covering most areas of domestic public spending, including income 
support, infrastructure, education, and social services. Federal grant 
outlays were $225.0 billion in 1995 and are estimated to increase from 
$236.7 billion in 1996 to $249.3 billion in 1997.
  Grant outlays for payments for individuals, such as Medicaid, are 
estimated to be 63 percent of total grants in 1997; for physical capital 
investment, 16 percent; and for all other purposes, largely education, 
training, and social services, 21 percent.
  States and localities receive Federal loans and guarantees mostly for 
the purpose of rural development. Outlays for direct loan and loan 
guarantee subsidies to State and local governments are estimated to be 
$0.2 billion in both 1996 and 1997. Information on Federal credit 
activities appears in Chapter 8, ``Underwriting Federal Credit and 
Insurance.''
  Federal aid to State and local governments is also provided through 
tax expenditures. Tax expenditures are revenue losses due to 
preferential provisions of the Federal tax laws, such as special 
exclusions, exemptions, deductions, credits, deferrals, or tax rates.
  The two major tax expenditures benefiting State and local governments 
are the deductibility of most non-business State and local taxes, except 
sales and excise taxes, from gross income for Federal income tax 
purposes, and the exclusion of interest on State and local securities 
from Federal taxation. These provisions, on an outlay equivalent basis, 
are estimated to be $75.2 billion in 1996 and $78.3 billion in 1997. A 
detailed discussion of the measurement and definition of tax 
expenditures and a complete list of the amount of specific tax 
expenditures are in Chapter 5, ``Tax Expenditures.'' As discussed in 
that chapter, there are generally interactions among tax expenditure 
provisions, so that the estimates above only approximate the aggregate 
effect of these provisions.
  Tax expenditures that especially aid State and local governments are 
displayed separately at the end of Table 5-4 in that chapter.

               TABLE 9-1.  FEDERAL GRANT OUTLAYS BY AGENCY              
                        (in billions of dollars)                        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Estimate    
                    Agency                       1995  -----------------
                                                Actual    1996     1997 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Department of Agriculture....................    16.4     17.6     17.8 
Department of Commerce.......................     0.4      0.6      0.6 
Department of Education......................    16.0     17.8     17.5 
Department of Energy.........................     0.2      0.2      0.2 
Department of Health and Human Services......   126.1    132.3    145.4 
Department of Housing and Urban Development..    22.8     22.0     23.3 
Department of Interior.......................     1.8      1.8      1.9 
Department of Justice........................     1.1      2.0      3.5 
Department of Labor..........................     7.3      7.4      7.4 
Department of Transportation.................    25.8     26.6     25.5 
Department of Treasury.......................     0.4      0.4      0.5 
Environmental Protection Agency..............     2.9      2.8      2.8 
Federal Emergency Management Agency..........     2.0      3.4      3.0 
Welfare allowance............................     0.0     -0.1     -2.1 
Other agencies...............................     1.8      1.8      1.9 
                                              --------------------------
    Total....................................   225.0    236.7    249.3 
------------------------------------------------------------------------

                        Federal Grants by Agency
  Table 9-1 shows the distribution of grants by agency. Grant outlays 
for the Department of Health and Human Services are estimated to be 
$145.4 billion in 1997, 58 percent of total grants, much more than any 
other agency.
                  HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FEDERAL AID PROGRAM
  Major proposals in this budget affect Federal aid to State and local 
governments and the important relationships between the levels of 
government. Through the use of grants, the Federal government can share 
with State and local governments the cost and, ultimately, the benefits 
of a smarter, healthier, and safer citizenry. The Administration is 
committed to a Federal system that is more efficient and effective and 
to improving the design and administration of Federal grants.
  State and local governments will enjoy an increased level of 
flexibility under the proposals in this Budget. The Administration 
supports a fundamental change in the way the Federal Government finances 
and administers more than six hundred intergovernmental service delivery 
programs--concentrating on the outcomes, rather than regulating the 
inputs. Proposed, bipartisan legislation, the Local Empowerment and 
Flexibility Act, provides State and local governments with the 
opportunity to coordinate better Federal, State, local, and 
[[Page 168]]
nonprofit funds and services, and to request waivers from Federal laws and 
regulations that impede innovation. Nonetheless, greater responsibility 
accompanies greater flexibility. Performance-based partnerships will 
help ensure that State and local governments will be held accountable 
for not only the results they achieve, but also how these results are 
achieved.
   Medicaid.--Medicaid is the largest grant program and has estimated 
outlays of $105.6 billion in 1997. The President's budget proposes 
reforms to Medicaid that would reduce the rate of growth in Federal 
spending, while preserving the entitlement to health coverage for the 
most vulnerable Americans--children, people with disabilities, and the 
elderly. The plan reduces the growth in Medicaid costs by imposing a 
``per capita cap'' on Federal Medicaid spending and reducing and 
retargeting Disproportionate Share Hospital payments. Special payments 
to States and facilities to ease the transition into the new Medicaid 
system would be provided. Finally, the plan gives States unprecedented 
flexibility to administer their programs more efficiently. For example, 
the so-called ``Boren Amendment'' is repealed, eliminating Federal 
provider payment requirements for hospitals and nursing homes, and 
States are allowed to mandate enrollment in managed care without having 
to seek Federal waivers. This initiative is estimated to achieve savings 
of $59.0 billion over seven years.
  Health Insurance.--States would receive Federal funds to design and 
administer a program to assist people who lose health coverage if they 
lose their job. This program would help them purchase coverage for up to 
six months. The Administration is requesting $1.5 billion in 1997 for 
this initiative.
  To make insurance more affordable for small businesses, the Federal 
Government would provide grants to States for technical assistance in 
designing and implementing voluntary health insurance purchasing 
cooperatives. These grants would total $25 million per year beginning in 
1997 and continuing through 2001.
  Welfare reform.--The budget seeks to move families from welfare to 
work and to reform a range of related programs. Aid to Families with 
Dependent Children would be replaced with a work-oriented, time-limited 
conditional entitlement for cash assistance. States would have broad 
flexibility in designing programs and could automatically receive 
increased funding during economic downturns. There would be added 
funding for child care and work programs. Child support enforcement 
would be strengthened with new tools for States, and targeting would be 
improved in a number of programs.
  Education.--This budget includes funds to increase the technological 
literacy of children by proposing to help ensure that all students have 
access to technology-rich learning environments and to help charter 
schools meet the specific needs of a community's children. The 
Administration is requesting $250 million in budget authority for 1997 
and $2.0 billion over five years for the Technology Literacy Challenge 
Fund designed to help State and local communities leverage public and 
private sector resources necessary to integrate technology into schools. 
Charter schools would be allowed to customize their curriculum and 
obtain waivers from State and local rules and regulations in exchange 
for increasing student achievements. The Administration is requesting 
$40 million in budget authority for this initiative for 1997.
  Transportation.--Through the use of Federal-aid funds for revolving 
loans and other non-traditional forms of financial assistance, the State 
Infrastructure Banks (SIBs) program would provide States with greater 
flexibility in developing and financing transportation projects. The 
Administration is requesting $250 million in funding to capitalize SIBs 
in 1997.
  Training.--Opportunity Areas for Out-of-School Youth would provide 
grants to selected empowerment zones (EZ), empowerment communities (EC), 
and other communities meeting EZ/EC criteria in order to reduce 
significant unemployment among out-of-school youth through employment 
and training assistance, combined with other Federal assistance. Jobs 
for Residents will link unemployed youth and adults residing in 
empowerment zones and empowerment communities with jobs outside those 
areas. The Administration is requesting $250 million and $50 million, 
respectively, for these proposals.
  Housing.--The Administration proposes to consolidate HUD programs into 
three flexible, performance-based funds. It will award most of the 
funding by formula in the form of a block grant, but focus on clearly 
stated national goals. The use of funds by communities will be judged 
against measures that are consistent with national goals but tailored to 
the situation of each community. To support this reinvention, HUD will 
be transformed into a ``right-side-up, community-first'' agency by 
creating single points of contact for all major localities. HUD will 
move much of its staff out of Washington and into the communities to 
operate as problem-solvers.
  Agriculture.--The budget proposes a new, more flexible program for 
distributing the Department of Agriculture's rural development 
assistance. The Rural Performance Partnership Program would combine 
fourteen existing rural development programs into three funding streams: 
rural utilities, rural community facility infrastructure, and rural 
businesses. USDA's Rural Economic and Community Development State 
Directors would have authority to transfer funding among the three 
funding streams. Using performance measures and incentives, the State 
Directors would work with State and local governments, and other 
community-based organizations to direct funds to each State's highest 
rural economic development priorities. The budget requests $879 million 
in budget authority for this initiative for State and local governments 
and other intermediaries in 1997.
  Environment.--The Administration proposes two performance partnerships 
in the environmental area. One would allow States and tribes to combine 
several 
[[Page 169]]
categorical grants (i.e., grants that specifically address air 
and water quality, or hazardous waste) and the other proposes to allow 
States to consolidate the clean water and drinking water State revolving 
funds. In addition, the budget requests funds for grants to expand and 
complement the Environmental Protection Agency's ``brownfields'' 
initiative to cleanup polluted urban and rural areas.
  Additional information on these and other Federal aid proposals are in 
the 1997 Budget-Supplement volume. The consolidations noted above are 
discussed in Chapters 13 and 14, ``Improving Government Performance'' 
and ``Building on Success.'' Chapter 6, ``Strengthening Health Care,'' 
focuses on health issues. Chapter 7, ``Making Work Pay,'' details 
welfare reforms. Chapter 8, ``Investing in Education and Training,'' 
discusses increases in assistance to help State and local and community 
schools. Chapter 9, ``Protecting the Environment,'' discusses 
environmental issues.
                         HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
  In recent decades, Federal aid to State and local governments has 
become a major factor in the financing of certain government functions. 
The rudiments of the present system date back to the Civil War. The 
Morrill Act, passed in 1862, established the land grant colleges and 
instituted certain federally-required standards for States that received 
the grants, as is characteristic of the present grant programs. Federal 
aid was later initiated for agriculture, highways, vocational education 
and rehabilitation, forestry, and public health. In the depression 
years, Federal aid was extended to meet income security and other social 
welfare needs. However, Federal grants did not become a significant 
factor in Federal Government expenditures until after World War II.
  Table 9-2 displays trends in Federal grants to State and local 
governments. Section A shows Federal grants by function. Functions with 
a substantial amount of grants are shown separately. Grants for the 
national defense, energy, veterans benefits and services, and the 
administration of justice functions are combined in the ``other 
functions'' line in the table.

                                                               Table 9-2.  TRENDS IN FEDERAL GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS                                                              
                                                                              (Outlays; dollar amounts in billions)                                                                             
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   Actual                                                                 Estimate                              
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   1960     1965     1970     1975     1980     1985      1990      1995      1996      1997      1998      1998      2000      2001      2002  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                                                                                
A. Distribution of grants by function:                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                                
Natural resources and environment..............      0.1      0.2      0.4      2.4      5.4       4.1       3.7       4.1       4.0       4.0       4.0       4.0       4.1       4.2       4.1
Agriculture....................................      0.2      0.5      0.6      0.4      0.6       2.4       1.3       0.8       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.7       0.6       0.6       0.7
Transportation.................................      3.0      4.1      4.6      5.9     13.0      17.0      19.2      25.8      26.6      24.5      25.0      23.5      21.8      20.6      21.5
Community and regional development.............      0.1      0.6      1.8      2.8      6.5       5.2       5.0       7.2       9.7       9.1       8.1       7.2       6.1       5.7       5.7
Education, training, employment, and social                                                                                                                                                     
 services......................................      0.5      1.1      6.4     12.1     21.9      17.8      23.4      34.1      36.6      36.4      38.0      39.2      40.4      42.0      43.9
Health.........................................      0.2      0.6      3.8      8.8     15.8      24.5      43.9      93.6      99.2     111.2     117.5     122.9     128.4     131.9     136.7
Income security................................      2.6      3.5      5.8      9.4     18.5      27.2      35.2      55.1      54.9      55.7      56.7      57.8      58.4      59.8      61.0
General government.............................      0.2      0.2      0.5      7.1      8.6       6.8       2.3       2.2       2.2       2.3       2.4       2.7       3.0       3.2       3.4
Other..........................................        *      0.1      0.1      0.9      1.2       0.9       1.4       2.0       2.9       5.4       5.6       5.9       6.4       6.4       5.3
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Total.....................................      7.0     10.9     24.1     49.8     91.4     105.9     135.3     225.0     236.7     249.3     257.9     263.9     269.1     274.4     282.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                
B. Composition:                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                                                
Current dollars:                                                                                                                                                                                
   Payments for individuals\1\.................      2.5      3.7      8.7     16.8     32.6      49.3      75.7     141.2     146.0     156.3     163.0     169.2     175.1     182.9     189.1
   Physical capital\1\.........................      3.3      5.0      7.1     10.9     22.5      24.9      27.2      39.6      41.3      40.2      39.5      37.8      35.8      34.0      34.5
   Other grants................................      1.2      2.2      8.3     22.2     36.2      31.6      32.5      44.2      49.3      52.8      55.4      56.8      58.2      57.5      58.7
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total......................................      7.0     10.9     24.1     49.8     91.4     105.9     135.3     225.0     236.7     249.3     257.9     263.9     269.1     274.4     282.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                
Percentage of total grants:                                                                                                                                                                     
   Payments for individuals\1\.................      35%      34%      36%      34%      36%       47%       56%       63%       62%       63%       63%       64%       65%       67%       67%
   Physical capital\1\.........................       47       46       29       22       25        24        20        18        17        16        15        14        13        12        12
  Other grants.................................       17       20       34       45       40        30        24        20        21        21        21        22        22        21        21
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total......................................     100%     100%     100%     100%     100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%
                                                                                                                                                                                                
Constant (FY 1987) dollars:                                                                                                                                                                     
  Payments for individuals\1\..................      9.0     12.5     24.7     35.1     46.2      52.9      66.1     106.8     107.6     111.8     113.3     114.4     115.1     116.9     117.6
   Physical capital\1\.........................     13.7     19.5     21.9     20.6     27.7      25.8      24.9      32.8      33.6      31.9      30.6      28.6      26.4      24.5      24.3
  Other grants.................................      6.3      9.8     26.9     49.6     53.5      34.1      28.5      33.1      36.1      37.8      38.7      38.8      38.8      37.4      37.3
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Total.....................................     29.1     41.8     73.6    105.4    127.5     112.9     119.5     172.7     177.3     181.5     182.6     181.8     180.4     178.9     179.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                
C. Total grants as a percent of:                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                
Federal outlays:                                                                                                                                                                                
  Total........................................       8%       9%      12%      15%      15%       11%       11%       15%       15%       15%       15%       15%       15%       15%       15%
   Domestic programs\2\........................      18%      18%      23%      22%      22%       18%       17%       22%       22%       21%       21%       21%       21%       20%       20%
State and local expenditures...................      15%      16%      20%      24%      28%       23%       20%       23%       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A
Gross domestic product.........................       1%       2%       2%       3%       3%        3%        2%        3%        3%        3%        3%        3%        3%        3%        3%
                                                                                                                                                                                                
D. As a share of total State and local capital                                                                                                                                                  
 spending:                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                                                
Federal capital grants.........................      25%      25%      25%      26%      37%       31%       23%       26%       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A
State and local source financing...............       75       75       75       74       63        69        77        74       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A
                                                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total......................................     100%     100%     100%     100%     100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%      100%
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NA: Not available.                                                                                                                                                                              
*$50 million or less.                                                                                                                                                                           
\1\Grants that are both payments for individuals and capital investment are shown under capital investment.                                                                                     
\2\Excludes national defense, international affairs, net interest, and undistributed offsetting receipts.                                                                                       

  Federal grants for transportation increased to $3.0 billion, or 43 
percent of all Federal grants, in 1960 after initiation of aid to States 
to build the Interstate Highway System in the late 1950s.
  By 1970 there had been significant increases in the relative amounts 
for education, training, employment, social services, and health 
(largely Medicaid).
  In the early and mid-1970s, major new grants were created for natural 
resources and environment (construction of sewage treatment plants), 
community and regional development (community development block grants), 
and general government (general revenue sharing).
  In the 1980s changes in the relative amounts among functions reflected 
steady growth of grants for health (Medicaid) and income security and 
restraint in most other areas. The functions with the largest amount of 
grants are health and income security, with combined grant outlays of 
$166.9 billion or 67 percent of total grant outlays in 1997.
  Section B of the Table shows the composition of grants divided into 
three major categories: payments for individuals, physical capital, and 
other grants.\2\ Grant outlays for payments for individuals, which are 
mainly entitlement programs in which the Federal Government and the 
States share the costs, have grown significantly as a percent of total 
grants. In 1980, they were 36 percent of the total, and by 1995 they had 
grown to 63 percent of the total.
  \2\Certain grants are classified in the budget as both payments for 
individuals and physical capital spending. In the text and tables in 
this section, these grants are included in the category for physical 
capital spending.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  These grants are distributed through State or local governments to 
provide cash or in-kind benefits that constitute income transfers to 
individuals or families. The major grant in this category is Medicaid, 
which had outlays of $89.1 billion in 1995, increasing to an estimated 
$105.6 billion in 1997. Family support payments to States (AFDC), child 
nutrition programs, and housing assistance are also large grants in this 
category.
  Grants for physical capital assist States and localities with 
construction and other physical capital activities. The major capital 
grants are for highways, but there are also grants for airports, mass 
transit, sewage treatment plant construction, community development, and 
other facilities. Grants for physical capital were almost half of total 
grants in 1960, shortly after grants began for construction of the 
Interstate Highway System. The relative share of these outlays has 
declined, as payments for individuals have grown. In 1995, grants for 
physical capital were 18 percent of total grants.
  The other grants are primarily for education, training, employment, 
and social services. These grants increased to 45 percent of total 
grants by 1975, but declined to 20 percent of total grants in 1995.
  Section B of Table 9-2 also shows these three categories in constant 
dollars. In constant 1987 dollars, total grants increased from $127.5 
billion in 1980 to $172.7 billion in 1995, an average annual increase of 
2.0 percent. From 1980 to 1995, payments for individuals grew from $46.2 
billion to $106.8 billion, an average annual increase of 5.7 percent; 
grants for physical capital increased from $27.7 billion to $32.8 
billion, an average annual increase of 1.1 percent, and other grants 
decreased from $53.5 billion to $33.1 billion, an average annual 
decrease of 3.2 percent.
  Section C of this table shows grants as a percent of Federal outlays, 
State and local expenditures, and gross domestic product. Grants 
declined as a percent of total Federal outlays from 15 percent in 1980 
to 
[[Page 170]]
11 percent in 1985 and 1990, and are estimated to increase to 15 
percent in 1996 and 1997, the same as in 1980. Grants as a percentage of 
domestic spending are estimated to be 21 percent in 1997.
  As a percent of total State and local expenditures, grants have 
declined from 28 percent in 1980 to 23 percent in 1995.
  Section D shows the relative contribution of physical capital grants 
in assisting States and localities with capital spending. Federal 
capital grants declined as a percent of State and local capital spending 
from 37 percent in 1980 to 26 percent in 1995, reflecting restraint in 
Federal spending and increased capital spending by States and localities 
financed from their own sources, such as taxes or borrowing.
[[Page 171]]
     OTHER INFORMATION ON FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
  Additional information regarding aid to State and local governments 
can be found elsewhere in this budget and in other documents.
  Major public physical capital investment programs providing Federal 
grants to State and local governments are identified in Chapter 6, 
``Federal Investment Spending and Capital Budgeting.''
  Data for summary and detailed grants to State and local governments 
can be found in many sections of a separate document entitled Historical 
Tables. Section 12 of that document is devoted exclusively to grants to 
State and local governments. Additional information on grants can be 
found in Section 6 (Composition of Federal Government Outlays); Section 
9 (Federal Government Outlays for Investment: Major Physical Capital, 
Research and Development, and Education and Training); Section 11 
(Federal Government Payments for Individuals); and Section 15 (Total 
(Federal and State and Local) Government Finances).
  In addition to these sources, a number of other sources of information 
are available that use slightly different concepts of grants, provide 
State-by-State information, or provide information on how to apply for 
Federal aid.
  Government Finances, published annually by the Bureau of the Census in 
the Department of Commerce, provides data on public finances, including 
Federal aid to State and local governments.
  The Survey of Current Business, published monthly by the Bureau of 
Economic Analysis in the Department of Commerce, provides data on the 
national income and product accounts (NIPA), a broad statistical concept 
encompassing the entire economy. These accounts include data on Federal 
grants to State and local governments. Data using the NIPA concepts 
appear in this volume in Chapter 19, ``National Income and Product 
Accounts.''
  Budget Information for States (BIS) provides estimates of State-by-
State funding allocations for the largest formula grant programs for the 
past, present, and budget year. These programs comprise approximately 85 
percent of total Federal aid to State and local governments. The 
document is prepared by the Office of Management and Budget soon after 
the Budget is released.
  Federal Expenditures by State, a report prepared by the Bureau of the 
Census, shows Federal spending by State for grants and other spending 
for the most recently completed fiscal year.
  Consolidated Federal Funds Report is an annual document that shows the 
distribution of Federal spending by State and county areas and by local 
governmental jurisdictions. It is released by the Bureau of the Census 
in the Spring.
  The Federal Assistance Awards Data System (FAADS) provides 
computerized information about current grant funding. Data on all direct 
assistance awards are provided quarterly by the Bureau of the Census to 
the States and to the Congress.
  The Catalog for Federal Domestic Assistance is a primary reference 
source for communities wishing to apply for grants and other domestic 
assistance. The Catalog is prepared by the General Services 
Administration with data collected by the Office of Management and 
Budget and is available from the Government Printing Office. The basic 
edition of the Catalog is usually published in June and an update is 
generally published in December. It contains a detailed listing of grant 
and other assistance programs; discussions of eligibility criteria, 
application procedures, and estimated obligations; and related 
information.
[[Page 172]]
                       DETAILED FEDERAL AID TABLE
  Table 9-3, ``Federal Grants to State and Local Governments-Budget 
Authority and Outlays,'' provides detailed budget authority and outlay 
data for grants.

             Table 9-3. FEDERAL GRANTS TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS--BUDGET AUTHORITY AND OUTLAYS             
                                            (in millions of dollars)                                            
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Budget Authority                             Outlays                
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Function, Agency and Program       1995         1996          1997          1995         1996          1997    
                                  Actual      Estimate      Estimate       Actual      Estimate      Estimate   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
National defense:                                                                                               
  Department of Defense--                                                                                       
   Military:                                                                                                    
    Military Construction:                                                                                      
      Military construction,                                                                                    
       Army National Guard....          70   ............  ............           4            15             9 
  Federal Emergency Management                                                                                  
   Agency:                                                                                                      
      Emergency management                                                                                      
       planning and assistance  ...........  ............  ............          64            10   ............
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, national defense.          70   ............  ............          68            25             9 
                               =================================================================================
Energy:                                                                                                         
  Department of Energy:                                                                                         
    Energy Programs:                                                                                            
      Energy conservation.....         268           149      168               240           228           173 
  Tennessee Valley Authority:                                                                                   
      Tennessee Valley                                                                                          
       Authority fund.........         252           254      265               252           254           265 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, energy...........         520           403      433               492           482           438 
                               =================================================================================
Natural resources and                                                                                           
 environment:                                                                                                   
  Department of Agriculture:                                                                                    
    Natural Resources                                                                                           
     Conservation Service:                                                                                      
      Resource conservation                                                                                     
       and development........  ...........  ............  ............           5             3             2 
      Watershed and flood                                                                                       
       prevention operations..          39            69       85               244           235           118 
    Forest Service:                                                                                             
      State and private                                                                                         
       forestry...............         103            82       88               103            83            86 
  Department of Commerce:                                                                                       
    National Oceanic and                                                                                        
     Atmospheric                                                                                                
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Operations, research,                                                                                     
       and facilities.........           5             3        3                 3             1             1 
      Construction............          56            40       32                11            51            56 
      Coastal zone management                                                                                   
       fund...................  ...........  ............  ............          -3             8             4 
  Department of the Interior:                                                                                   
    Bureau of Land Management:                                                                                  
      Miscellaneous permanent                                                                                   
       payment accounts.......          81            78       75               163            79            75 
    Minerals Management                                                                                         
     Service:                                                                                                   
      National forests fund,                                                                                    
       payment to States......           2             2        2                 2             2             2 
      Leases of lands acquired                                                                                  
       for flood control,                                                                                       
       navigation, and allied                                                                                   
       purposes...............           1             1        1                 1             1             1 
    Office of Surface Mining                                                                                    
     Reclamation and                                                                                            
     Enforcement:                                                                                               
      Regulation and                                                                                            
       technology.............          52            48       51                31            53            50 
      Abandoned mine                                                                                            
       reclamation fund.......         138           140      146               160           121           159 
    Bureau of Reclamation:                                                                                      
      Bureau of reclamation                                                                                     
       loan subsidy...........           9            12       13                 6            18            13 
    United States Fish and                                                                                      
     Wildlife Service:                                                                                          
      Cooperative endangered                                                                                    
       species conservation                                                                                     
       fund...................           9             8       16                 7             8             9 
      Wildlife conservation                                                                                     
       and appreciation fund..           1             1        1                 1             1             1 
      Sport fish restoration..         243           266      300               237           228           237 
      Miscellaneous permanent                                                                                   
       appropriations.........         247           240      231               191           207           229 
    National Park Service:                                                                                      
      Urban park and                                                                                            
       recreation fund........  ...........  ............  ............           4             5             3 
      Land acquisition and                                                                                      
       State assistance.......          25             2        2                23            28            20 
      Historic preservation                                                                                     
       fund...................          46            36       38                47            48            41 
      Everglades restoration                                                                                    
       fund...................  ...........  ............      80        ...........  ............           40 
      Miscellaneous permanent                                                                                   
       appropriations.........  ...........            1        1        ...........            1             1 
  Environmental Protection                                                                                      
   Agency:                                                                                                      
      State and tribal                                                                                          
       assistance grants......       1,885         2,863    2,852             2,455         2,500         2,579 
      Environmental programs                                                                                    
       and management.........         456   ............  ............         232           128            55 
      Abatement, control, and                                                                                   
       compliance loan subsidy  ...........  ............  ............           9             4             2 
      Hazardous substance                                                                                       
       superfund..............         120           120      145               153           153           125 
      Leaking underground                                                                                       
       storage tank trust fund          61            41       58                63            43            49 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 173]]
      Total, natural resources                                                                                  
       and environment........       3,579         4,053    4,220             4,148         4,009         3,958 
                               =================================================================================
Agriculture:                                                                                                    
  Department of Agriculture:                                                                                    
    Cooperative State                                                                                           
     Research, Education, and                                                                                   
     Extension Service:                                                                                         
      Extension activities....         439           428      423               435           429           425 
      Cooperative state                                                                                         
       research activities....         226           222      222               225           231           222 
    Agricultural Marketing                                                                                      
     Service:                                                                                                   
      Payments to States and                                                                                    
       possessions............           1             1        1                 1             1             1 
    Farm Service Agency:                                                                                        
      State mediation grants..           3             2        3                 3             2             3 
      Outreach for socially                                                                                     
       disadvantaged farmers..           3             1        3                 1             3             2 
      Commodity credit                                                                                          
       corporation fund.......         115            10       54               115            10            54 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, agriculture......         787           664      706               780           676           707 
                               =================================================================================
Commerce and housing credit:                                                                                    
  Department of Commerce:                                                                                       
    National Oceanic and                                                                                        
     Atmospheric                                                                                                
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Promote and develop                                                                                       
       fishery products and                                                                                     
       research pertaining to                                                                                   
       American fisheries-....           5             6        7                 2            10            11 
    National Institute of                                                                                       
     Standards and Technology:                                                                                  
      Industrial technology                                                                                     
       services...............           4             6        6                 3             4             4 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Total, commerce and                                                                                     
         housing credit.......           9            12       13                 5            14            15 
                               =================================================================================
Transportation:                                                                                                 
  Department of                                                                                                 
   Transportation:                                                                                              
    Federal Highway                                                                                             
     Administration:                                                                                            
      High priority corridors                                                                                   
       loan subsidy...........           6   ............  ............           6   ............  ............
      Alameda corridor project                                                                                  
       loan program...........  ...........  ............      59        ...........  ............           21 
      Orange County (CA) toll                                                                                   
       road demonstration                                                                                       
       project subsidy........           8   ............  ............  ...........  ............            2 
      Highway-related safety                                                                                    
       grants.................  ...........            2   ............           9            12             8 
      Motor carrier safety                                                                                      
       grants.................          82            73       89                66            75            79 
      Federal-aid highways....      20,719        17,671   21,720            18,945        19,842        19,090 
      State infrastructure                                                                                      
       banks..................  ...........  ............     250        ...........  ............           37 
      Miscellaneous                                                                                             
       appropriations.........         321   ............  ............         192           295           175 
      Miscellaneous highway                                                                                     
       trust funds............         -11   ............  ............         102            97            70 
    National Highway Traffic                                                                                    
     Safety Administration:                                                                                     
      Highway traffic safety                                                                                    
       grants.................         190           169      185               155           146           165 
    Federal Railroad                                                                                            
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Office of the                                                                                             
       Administrator..........           3   ............  ............           3   ............  ............
      Local rail freight                                                                                        
       assistance.............          10   ............  ............          16            13            11 
      Alaska railroad                                                                                           
       rehabilitation.........  ...........           10   ............  ...........            4             6 
      Railroad research and                                                                                     
       development............  ...........            6        1                 2             6             4 
      Conrail commuter                                                                                          
       transition assistance..  ...........  ............  ............           1             2            13 
      Northeast corridor high-                                                                                  
       speed rail                                                                                               
       infrastructure program.           5             1       10        ...........            1             5 
    Federal Transit                                                                                             
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Research, training, and                                                                                   
       human resources........  ...........  ............  ............           2             5             5 
      Interstate transfer                                                                                       
       grants-transit.........          48   ............  ............         152            27            12 
      Washington metropolitan                                                                                   
       area transit authority.         200           200      200               218           206           159 
      Formula grants..........       2,492         2,052    2,152             1,901         2,109         1,972 
      Transit planning and                                                                                      
       research...............          55            54       54                43            45            56 
      Discretionary grants                                                                                      
       (trust fund)...........       1,691         1,665    2,880             2,025         1,978         1,983 
      Miscellaneous expired                                                                                     
       accounts...............  ...........  ............  ............          12            14            10 
    Federal Aviation                                                                                            
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Grants-in-aid for                                                                                         
       airports (Airport and                                                                                    
       airway trust fund).....          67         2,214    1,350             1,826         1,622         1,483 
      Research, engineering                                                                                     
       and development                                                                                          
       (Airport and airway                                                                                      
       trust fund)............          41            60       60                33            57            63 
    Coast Guard:                                                                                                
      Research, development,                                                                                    
       test, and evaluation...           1             1        1                 1             1             1 
      Boat safety.............          50            60       45                62            43            42 
    Research and Special                                                                                        
     Programs Administration:                                                                                   
      Pipeline safety.........          12            12       14                10            11            14 
      Emergency preparedness                                                                                    
       grants.................           5             6        6                 5             6             6 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, transportation...      25,995        24,256   29,076            25,787        26,617        25,492 
                               =================================================================================
[[Page 174]]
Community and regional                                                                                          
 development:                                                                                                   
  Department of Agriculture:                                                                                    
    Rural Utilities Service:                                                                                    
      Distance learning and                                                                                     
       medical link grants....           8             8       20                 6            26            17 
      Rural water and waste                                                                                     
       disposal loans subsidy.  ...........          109       61        ...........           86            95 
      Emergency community                                                                                       
       water assistance grants          10   ............  ............          15            12             6 
      Rural water and waste                                                                                     
       disposal grants........         415           331      490               295           379           357 
      Rural development                                                                                         
       insurance fund subsidy.         212   ............  ............         150   ............  ............
    Rural Housing and                                                                                           
     Community Development                                                                                      
     Service:                                                                                                   
      Rural community facility                                                                                  
       loans subsidy..........  ...........           42       13        ...........           27            20 
      Rural community fire                                                                                      
       protection grants......           3             2        2                 3             3             2 
    Rural Business and                                                                                          
     Cooperative Development                                                                                    
     Service:                                                                                                   
      Rural technology and                                                                                      
       cooperative development                                                                                  
       grants.................           2             2        3        ...........            1             2 
      Rural business and                                                                                        
       industry loans subsidy.  ...........            6        7        ...........            6             7 
      Rural business                                                                                            
       enterprise grants......          34            32       32                23            29            31 
  Department of Commerce:                                                                                       
    Economic Development                                                                                        
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Economic development                                                                                      
       assistance programs....         431           339      334               322           441           417 
  Department of Housing and                                                                                     
   Urban Development:                                                                                           
    Community Planning and                                                                                      
     Development:                                                                                               
      Community development                                                                                     
       grants fund............       4,819         4,600    4,900             4,333         5,093         4,931 
      Urban development action                                                                                  
       grants.................         -18   ............  ............          20            37            30 
      Supplemental assistance                                                                                   
       for facilities to                                                                                        
       assist the homeless....  ...........  ............  ............           8             6             3 
      Community development                                                                                     
       loan guarantees subsidy  ...........           33       47        ...........           17            40 
  Department of the Interior:                                                                                   
    Bureau of Indian Affairs:                                                                                   
      Operation of Indian                                                                                       
       programs...............          91           101      102                91            93           111 
      Indian direct loan                                                                                        
       subsidy................           1   ............  ............           1   ............  ............
      Indian guaranteed loan                                                                                    
       subsidy................          10             5        5                 9            10             6 
  Appalachian Regional                                                                                          
   Commission:                                                                                                  
      Appalachian regional                                                                                      
       development programs...         266           164      164               182           170           192 
  Federal Emergency Management                                                                                  
   Agency:                                                                                                      
      Emergency management                                                                                      
       planning and assistance         124           122      125                79           112           124 
      Disaster relief.........       2,874         2,798      256             1,693         3,142         2,735 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, community and                                                                                      
       regional development...       9,282         8,694    6,561             7,230         9,690         9,126 
                               =================================================================================
Education, training,                                                                                            
 employment, and social                                                                                         
 services:                                                                                                      
  Department of Commerce:                                                                                       
    National                                                                                                    
     Telecommunications and                                                                                     
     Information                                                                                                
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Public broadcasting                                                                                       
       facilities, planning                                                                                     
       and construction.......          19             8        8                15            28            21 
      Information                                                                                               
       infrastructure grants..          37            50       56                 9            31            44 
  Department of Education:                                                                                      
    Office of Elementary and                                                                                    
     Secondary Education:                                                                                       
      Indian education........          78            59       79                69            75            66 
      Impact aid..............         728           660      614               803           808           687 
      Chicago litigation                                                                                        
       settlement.............  ...........  ............  ............           6             7             5 
      Education Reform........         487           671      691                60           530           647 
      Education for the                                                                                         
       disadvantaged..........       7,173         7,302    7,662             6,785         7,098         7,423 
      School improvement                                                                                        
       programs...............       1,226         1,217    1,304             1,288         1,473         1,268 
    Office of Bilingual                                                                                         
     Education and Minority                                                                                     
     Languages Affairs:                                                                                         
      Bilingual and immigrant                                                                                   
       education..............         179           134      234               189           200           159 
    Office of Special                                                                                           
     Education and                                                                                              
     Rehabilitative Services:                                                                                   
      Special education.......       3,006         3,343    3,336             2,938         3,511         3,281 
      Rehabilitation services                                                                                   
       and disability research       2,171         2,227    2,296             2,113         2,359         2,381 
      American printing house                                                                                   
       for the blind..........           7             6        6                 7             6             6 
    Office of Vocational and                                                                                    
     Adult Education:                                                                                           
      Vocational and adult                                                                                      
       education..............       1,364         1,368    1,393             1,449         1,481         1,413 
    Office of Postsecondary                                                                                     
     Education:                                                                                                 
      Student financial                                                                                         
       assistance.............          63   ............  ............          82            76             3 
      Higher education........          33            27      159                35            30            45 
    Office of Educational                                                                                       
     Research and Improvement:                                                                                  
      Libraries...............         133           108      110               109           155           117 
      Education research,                                                                                       
       statistics, and                                                                                          
       improvement............          17            13      260                22            21            44 
  Department of Health and                                                                                      
   Human Services:                                                                                              
    Administration for                                                                                          
     Children and Families:                                                                                     
      State legalization                                                                                        
       impact assistance                                                                                        
       grants.................         195   ............  ............         358             3             1 
[[Page 175]]
      Payments to States for                                                                                    
       the job opportunities                                                                                    
       and basic skills                                                                                         
       training program.......       1,300         1,000    1,000               953           959           988 
      Family preservation and                                                                                   
       support................         150           225      240                38           132           201 
      Social services block                                                                                     
       grant..................       2,800         2,800    2,800             2,797         3,183         2,839 
      Children and families                                                                                     
       services programs......       4,604         4,298    4,967             4,463         4,528         4,574 
      Payments to states for                                                                                    
       foster care and                                                                                          
       adoption assistance....       3,597         4,322    4,445             3,244         3,740         4,144 
    Administration on Aging:                                                                                    
      Aging services programs.         877           828    1,328               951           776         1,006 
  Department of the Interior:                                                                                   
    Bureau of Indian Affairs:                                                                                   
      Operation of Indian                                                                                       
       programs...............          88            84       89                88            80            83 
  Department of Labor:                                                                                          
    Employment and Training                                                                                     
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Training and employment                                                                                   
       services...............       2,764         3,251    3,880             3,620         3,618         3,513 
      Community service                                                                                         
       employment for older                                                                                     
       Americans..............          87            77   ............          77            82            78 
      State unemployment                                                                                        
       insurance and                                                                                            
       employment service                                                                                       
       operations.............         127           150      176                34           132           140 
      Federal unemployment                                                                                      
       benefits and allowances         101           101      114               103            95           121 
      Unemployment trust fund.       1,103         1,004    1,029             1,080         1,065         1,012 
  Corporation for National and                                                                                  
   Community Service:                                                                                           
      Domestic volunteer                                                                                        
       service programs,                                                                                        
       operating expenses.....         136           116      176               140           121           166 
      National and community                                                                                    
       service programs,                                                                                        
       operating expenses.....          84            86       98                52            82            92 
  Corporation for Public                                                                                        
   Broadcasting:                                                                                                
      Corporation for public                                                                                    
       broadcasting...........          95            92       87                95            92            87 
  National Endowment for the                                                                                    
   Arts:                                                                                                        
      National endowment for                                                                                    
       the arts: Grants and                                                                                     
       administration.........          44            35       37                45            38            36 
  Institute of Museum                                                                                           
   Services:                                                                                                    
      Institute of Museum                                                                                       
       Services: Grants and                                                                                     
       administration.........           7             5        5                 8             9             5 
  Allowances:                                                                                                   
      Welfare reform..........  ...........          -70     -280        ...........          -63          -259 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, education,                                                                                         
       training, employment,                                                                                    
       and social services....      34,880        35,597   38,399            34,125        36,561        36,437 
                               =================================================================================
Health:                                                                                                         
  Department of Agriculture:                                                                                    
    Food Safety and Inspection                                                                                  
     Service:                                                                                                   
      Salaries and expenses...          41            40       42                41            40            41 
  Department of Health and                                                                                      
   Human Services:                                                                                              
    Health Resources and                                                                                        
     Services Administration:                                                                                   
      Health Resources and                                                                                      
       Services...............       1,756         1,692    1,782             1,435         1,530         1,518 
    Centers for Disease                                                                                         
     Control and Prevention:                                                                                    
      Disease control,                                                                                          
       research, and training.         602           621    1,127               521           594           767 
    Substance Abuse and Mental                                                                                  
     Health Services                                                                                            
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Substance abuse and                                                                                       
       mental health services.       2,195         1,854    2,098             2,444         2,105         2,024 
    Health Care Financing                                                                                       
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Grants for cooperatives/                                                                                  
       health insurance for                                                                                     
       the temporarily                                                                                          
       unemployed.............  ...........  ............   1,544        ...........  ............        1,544 
      Grants to States for                                                                                      
       Medicaid...............      89,241        83,252   104,470           89,070        94,892       105,571 
  Department of Labor:                                                                                          
    Occupational Safety and                                                                                     
     Health Administration:                                                                                     
      Salaries and expenses...          71            71       73                70            69            73 
    Mine Safety and Health                                                                                      
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Salaries and expenses...           6             6        6                 6             6             6 
  Allowances:                                                                                                   
      Welfare reform..........  ...........          -63     -327        ...........          -63          -327 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, health...........      93,912        87,473   110,815           93,587        99,173       111,217 
                               =================================================================================
Income security:                                                                                                
  Department of Agriculture:                                                                                    
    Agricultural Marketing                                                                                      
     Service:                                                                                                   
      Funds for strengthening                                                                                   
       markets, income, and                                                                                     
       supply (section 32)....         461           431      400               480           431           400 
    Rural Housing and                                                                                           
     Community Development                                                                                      
     Service:                                                                                                   
      Rural housing for                                                                                         
       domestic farm labor                                                                                      
       grants.................          11            10       10                11            26            19 
      Supervisory and                                                                                           
       technical assistance                                                                                     
       grants.................  ...........  ............  ............  ...........            1             1 
      Rural housing                                                                                             
       preservation grants....           7             4        4                 7             8             5 
    Food and Consumer Service:                                                                                  
      Food donations programs                                                                                   
       for selected groups....         183           215       65               209           217            91 
      Food stamp program......       2,925         2,976    3,089             2,740         3,061         3,084 
      Commodity assistance                                                                                      
       program................         190           166      172               194           166           186 
[[Page 176]]
      Special supplemental                                                                                      
       nutrition program for                                                                                    
       women, infants, and                                                                                      
       children (WIC).........       3,447         3,691    3,877             3,401         3,684         3,823 
      State child nutrition                                                                                     
       programs...............       7,365         7,846    8,559             7,387         8,111         8,445 
  Department of Health and                                                                                      
   Human Services:                                                                                              
    Administration for                                                                                          
     Children and Families:                                                                                     
      Family support payments                                                                                   
       to States..............      17,491        17,094   18,101            17,133        17,366        17,956 
      Low income home energy                                                                                    
       assistance.............       1,419         1,000    1,000             1,419         1,252         1,025 
      Refugee and entrant                                                                                       
       assistance.............         358           357      337               346           352           344 
      Payments to States for                                                                                    
       the child care and                                                                                       
       development block grant         935           935    1,049               933           935           946 
  Department of Housing and                                                                                     
   Urban Development:                                                                                           
    Public and Indian Housing                                                                                   
     Programs:                                                                                                  
      Public housing operating                                                                                  
       fund...................       2,900         2,900    2,900             2,762         2,874         2,894 
      Drug elimination grants                                                                                   
       for low-income housing.         290           290      290               178           180           308 
      Revitalization of                                                                                         
       severely distressed                                                                                      
       public housing projects         500           500      650                31           128           283 
      Housing certificate fund  ...........  ............     290        ...........  ............           29 
      Public housing capital                                                                                    
       fund...................  ...........  ............   3,200        ...........  ............        4,276 
    Community Planning and                                                                                      
     Development:                                                                                               
      Emergency shelter grants                                                                                  
       program................  ...........  ............  ............          84            35             1 
      Supportive housing                                                                                        
       program................  ...........  ............  ............         115           158           157 
      Homeless assistance fund       1,120           823    1,120                12           198           412 
      Shelter plus care.......  ...........  ............  ............          17            50            50 
      Home fund...............       1,400         1,400    1,550             1,179         1,240         1,401 
      Youthbuild program......          40   ............  ............          20            21            18 
      Innovative homeless                                                                                       
       initiatives                                                                                              
       demonstration program..  ...........  ............  ............          17            19            19 
      Housing opportunities                                                                                     
       for persons with AIDS..  ...........  ............     171        ...........  ............          138 
    Housing Programs:                                                                                           
      Annual contributions for                                                                                  
       assisted housing.......       5,666         7,220    3,652            13,903        11,776         8,107 
      Congregate services.....         -12   ............  ............           6             9             9 
      Section 8 moderate                                                                                        
       rehabilitation, single                                                                                   
       room occupancy.........  ...........  ............  ............          17            41            51 
      Homeownership and                                                                                         
       opportunity for people                                                                                   
       everywhere grants (HOPE                                                                                  
       grants)................          62   ............  ............          75            96            87 
  Department of Labor:                                                                                          
    Employment and Training                                                                                     
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Unemployment trust fund.       2,317         2,376    2,565             2,317         2,308         2,497 
  Federal Emergency Management                                                                                  
   Agency:                                                                                                      
      Emergency food and                                                                                        
       shelter program........         130           100      100               130           100           100 
  Allowances:                                                                                                   
      Welfare reform..........  ...........           68   -1,526        ...........           66        -1,472 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, income security..      49,205        50,402   51,625            55,123        54,909        55,690 
                               =================================================================================
Veterans benefits and                                                                                           
 services:                                                                                                      
  Department of Veterans                                                                                        
   Affairs:                                                                                                     
    Veterans Health                                                                                             
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Medical care............         186           208      232               186           208           232 
    Construction:                                                                                               
      Grants for construction                                                                                   
       of State extended care                                                                                   
       facilities.............          47            47       40                64            41            44 
      Grants for the                                                                                            
       construction of State                                                                                    
       veterans cemeteries....           5             1        1                 3             5             3 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, veterans benefits                                                                                  
       and services...........         238           256      273               253           254           279 
                               =================================================================================
Administration of justice:                                                                                      
  Department of Housing and                                                                                     
   Urban Development:                                                                                           
    Public and Indian Housing                                                                                   
     Programs:                                                                                                  
      Violent crime reduction                                                                                   
       programs...............  ...........  ............       3        ...........  ............            3 
    Fair Housing and Equal                                                                                      
     Opportunity:                                                                                               
      Fair housing activities.          33            30       33                27            21            29 
  Department of Justice:                                                                                        
    General Administration:                                                                                     
      Community oriented                                                                                        
       policing services......       1,100         1,803    1,976                45           638         1,542 
    Legal Activities:                                                                                           
      Assets forfeiture fund..         224           205      205               224           205           205 
    Office of Justice                                                                                           
     Programs:                                                                                                  
      Justice assistance......          58            58       62               571            43           101 
      State and local law                                                                                       
       enforcement assistance.         289           388   ............          19           144           250 
      Juvenile justice program         128           128      127                 7            55           124 
      Crime victims fund......         178           230      164               137           201           134 
      Violent crime reduction                                                                                   
       programs...............         742         1,405    1,924                74           743         1,158 
[[Page 177]]
  Department of                                                                                                 
   Transportation:                                                                                              
    Federal Transit                                                                                             
     Administration:                                                                                            
      Violent crime reduction                                                                                   
       programs...............  ...........  ............      10        ...........  ............            1 
  Department of the Treasury:                                                                                   
    Departmental Offices:                                                                                       
      Department of the                                                                                         
       Treasury forfeiture                                                                                      
       fund...................          81            86       86                77            54            71 
    Violent crime reduction                                                                                     
     programs:                                                                                                  
      Violent crime reduction                                                                                   
       programs...............           9             7        7                 3             7             7 
  Equal Employment Opportunity                                                                                  
   Commission:                                                                                                  
      Salaries and expenses...          26            26       28                26            26            28 
  Ounce of Prevention Council:                                                                                  
      Ounce of prevention                                                                                       
       council................           2             2        8        ...........  ............            2 
  State Justice Institute:                                                                                      
      State Justice Institute:                                                                                  
       Salaries and expenses..          12             5        5                12             5             1 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, administration of                                                                                  
       justice................       2,882         4,373    4,638             1,222         2,142         3,656 
                               =================================================================================
General government:                                                                                             
  Department of Agriculture:                                                                                    
    Forest Service:                                                                                             
      Forest Service permanent                                                                                  
       appropriations.........          86           295      291               320           295           291 
  Department of Defense--                                                                                       
   Civil:                                                                                                       
    Corps of Engineers--Civil:                                                                                  
      Permanent appropriations           5             6        6                 5             6             6 
  Department of Energy:                                                                                         
    Energy Programs:                                                                                            
      Payments to States under                                                                                  
       Federal Power Act......           2             2        2                 3             2             2 
  Department of the Interior:                                                                                   
    Bureau of Land Management:                                                                                  
      Payments in lieu of                                                                                       
       taxes..................         101           100      102               101           100           102 
    Minerals Management                                                                                         
     Service:                                                                                                   
      Mineral leasing and                                                                                       
       associated payments....         474           508      515               474           508           515 
    United States Fish and                                                                                      
     Wildlife Service:                                                                                          
      National wildlife refuge                                                                                  
       fund...................          19            18       18                20            18            18 
    Insular Affairs:                                                                                            
      Assistance to                                                                                             
       territories............          78            67       67                60            70            66 
      Trust Territory of the                                                                                    
       Pacific Islands........         -12   ............  ............          23             2             2 
      Payments to the United                                                                                    
       States territories,                                                                                      
       fiscal assistance......          83            84       86                83            84            86 
  Department of the Treasury:                                                                                   
    Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco                                                                                  
     and Firearms:                                                                                              
      Internal revenue                                                                                          
       collections for Puerto                                                                                   
       Rico...................         206           232      297               206           232           297 
    United States Customs                                                                                       
     Service:                                                                                                   
      Miscellaneous permanent                                                                                   
       appropriations.........         138           149      153               135           149           153 
  Commission on National and                                                                                    
   Community Service:                                                                                           
      Salaries and expenses...  ...........  ............  ............          28   ............  ............
  District of Columbia:                                                                                         
      Federal payment to the                                                                                    
       District of Columbia...         712           712      770               714           712           770 
                               ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Total, general                                                                                            
       government.............       1,892         2,173    2,307             2,172         2,178         2,308 
                               =================================================================================
      Total, grants...........     223,251       218,356   249,066          224,992       236,730       249,332 
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