[Analytical Perspectives]
[Special Analyses and Presentations]
[7. Research and Development Expenditures]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]


  The Administration is proposing $71 billion in research and 
development (R&D) investments in 1997. Civilian R&D will increase over 
$1 billion or three percent to $34 billion. Civilian R&D will increase 
nearly 16 percent since 1993. In 1997, university-based research will 
increase to roughly $12 billion, a $257 million increase over 1996. 
Chapter 10 of the Budget of the United States Government--Supplement 
includes a discussion of science and technology that contains more 
information on R&D activities.
                                     

                                                 Table 7-1.  RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) EXPENDITURES                                                
                                                          (Outlays, dollar amounts in millions)                                                         
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                                                                                                    Actual                             Dollar    Percent
                                                                                             --------------------   1996      1997     Change    Change 
                                                                                                                  Estimate  Proposed   1996 to   1996 to
                                                                                                1993      1995                          1997      1997  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By agency:                                                                                                                                              
  Defense...................................................................................   38,035    35,613    35,269    34,922      -347       -1% 
  Health and Human Services.................................................................    9,660    11,111    11,145    12,132       987       +9% 
  National Aeronautics and Space Administration.............................................    8,885     9,399     9,643     9,218      -425       -4% 
  Energy....................................................................................    6,945     6,943     7,128     6,943      -185       -3% 
  National Science Foundation...............................................................    1,842     1,999     2,309     2,501       192       +8% 
  Agriculture...............................................................................    1,455     1,498     1,532     1,510       -22       -1% 
  Commerce..................................................................................      607       740       823       926       103      +13% 
  Interior..................................................................................      636       658       653       605       -48       -7% 
  Environmental Protection Agency...........................................................      519       495       425       523        98      +23% 
  Other.....................................................................................    1,736     1,947     1,722     2,020       298       +7% 
                                                                                             -----------------------------------------------------------
     Total..................................................................................   70,320    70,403    70,649    71,300       654       +1% 
                                                                                                                                                        
By R&D theme:                                                                                                                                           
  Basic research............................................................................   12,625    13,298    13,579    13,980       401       +3% 
  Applied research..........................................................................   12,437    13,680    13,978    14,532       554       +4% 
  Development...............................................................................   42,625    41,461    40,830    40,435      -395       -1% 
  Equipment.................................................................................  ........      475       781       758       -23       -3% 
  Facilities................................................................................    2,633     1,489     1,481     1,595       114       +8% 
                                                                                             -----------------------------------------------------------
    Total...................................................................................   70,320    70,403    70,649    71,300       651       +1% 
                                                                                                                                                        
By civilian theme:                                                                                                                                      
  Basic research............................................................................   11,370    12,172    12,405    12,754       349       +3% 
  Applied research..........................................................................    8,511     9,890    10,170    10,597       427       +4% 
  Development...............................................................................    7,374     8,564     8,165     8,403       238       +3% 
  Equipment.................................................................................  ........      317       634       608       -26       -4% 
  Facilities................................................................................    1,749     1,233     1,218     1,264        46       +4% 
                                                                                             -----------------------------------------------------------
     Subtotal...............................................................................   29,004    32,176    32,592    33,626     1,634       +3% 
                                                                                                                                                        
By defense theme:                                                                                                                                       
  Basic research............................................................................    1,255     1,126     1,174     1,226        52       +4% 
  Applied research..........................................................................    3,926     3,790     3,808     3,935       127       +3% 
  Development...............................................................................   35,250    32,897    32,665    32,032      -633       -2% 
  Equipment.................................................................................  ........      158       147       150         3       +2% 
  Facilities................................................................................      885       256       263       331        68      +26% 
                                                                                             -----------------------------------------------------------
     Subtotal...............................................................................   41,316    38,227    38,057    37,674      -383       -1% 
                                                                                                                                                        
R&D support to university researchers.......................................................   11,674    11,373    12,130    12,387       257       +2% 
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