119 S861 ES: Disaster Assistance Simplification Act
U.S. Senate
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EN
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119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 861
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
AN ACT
To streamline the sharing of information among Federal disaster assistance agencies, to expedite the delivery of life-saving assistance to disaster survivors, to speed the recovery of communities from disasters, to protect the security and privacy of information provided by disaster survivors, and for other purposes.
1.

Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Disaster Assistance Simplification Act”.
2.

Establishment of a unified disaster assistance intake process and system
The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“707.

Establishment of a unified disaster assistance intake process and system
(a)

Definitions
In this section:
(1)

Administrator
The term Administrator means the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
(2)

Applicant
The term applicant means—
(A)
an individual, business, or organization that applies for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program;
(B)
an individual, business, or organization on behalf of which an individual described in subparagraph (A) applies for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program; and
(C)
an individual, business, or organization that seeks assistance as a beneficiary of a State, local government, or Indian tribal government that received assistance under a disaster assistance program.
(3)

Disaster assistance agency
The term disaster assistance agency means—
(A)
the Federal Emergency Management Agency; and
(B)
any Federal agency that provides disaster assistance to individuals, businesses, organizations, States, local governments, Indian tribal governments, communities, or organizations that the Administrator certifies as a disaster assistance agency in accordance with subsection (f) to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program.
(4)

Disaster assistance information
The term disaster assistance information includes any personal, biographical, demographic, geographical, financial, application decision, or other information that a disaster assistance agency, or a recipient of a Federal block grant from a disaster assistance agency, is authorized to collect, maintain, disclose, or use to—
(A)
process an application for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program; or
(B)
otherwise carry out the purpose of a disaster assistance program.
(5)

Disaster assistance program
The term disaster assistance program means—
(A)
a program that provides disaster assistance to individuals and households under title IV or V in accordance with sections 408 and 502; or
(B)
any other assistance program authorized by a Federal statute or funded with Federal appropriations under which a disaster assistance agency awards or distributes disaster assistance to an individual, household, or organization, or provides a Federal block grant for these purposes, that arises from a major disaster or emergency declared under section 401 or 501, respectively, including—
(i)
disaster assistance;
(ii)
long-term disaster recovery assistance;
(iii)
the post-disaster restoration of infrastructure and housing;
(iv)
post-disaster economic revitalization;
(v)
a loan authorized under section 7(b) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 636(b)); and
(vi)
food benefit allotments under section 412 of this Act and section 5(h) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014(h)).
(6)

Record
The term record has the meaning given the term in section 552a of title 5, United States Code.
(b)

Unified disaster assistance intake process and system
(1)

In general
Not later than 360 days after the date of enactment of the Disaster Assistance Simplification Act, the Administrator shall, in consultation with appropriate Federal, State, local, and Indian tribal governments and entities, develop and establish a unified intake process and system for applicants for disaster assistance provided by a disaster assistance agency to—
(A)
facilitate a consolidated application for any form of disaster assistance provided by a disaster assistance agency when appropriate to support the nature and purposes of the assistance;
(B)
carry out the purposes of disaster assistance programs swiftly, efficiently, fairly, and in accordance with applicable laws and privacy and data protections; and
(C)
support the detection, prevention, and investigation of waste, fraud, abuse, or discrimination in the administration of disaster assistance programs.
(2)

Capabilities of the consolidated application system
The unified intake process and system established under paragraph (1) shall—
(A)
accept applications for disaster assistance programs;
(B)
allow for applicants to receive status updates on applications for disaster assistance programs;
(C)
allow for applicants to update disaster assistance information throughout the recovery journeys of those applicants;
(D)
allow for the distribution of information on additional recovery resources to disaster survivors that may be available in a disaster-stricken jurisdiction, in coordination with appropriate Federal, State, local, and Tribal partners;
(E)
provide disaster survivors with information and documentation on the applications of those disaster survivors for a disaster assistance program;
(F)
allow for the distribution of application data to support faster and more effective distribution of Federal disaster assistance, including block grant assistance, for disaster recovery;
(G)
allow for disaster assistance agencies to communicate directly with disaster survivors; and
(H)
contain other capabilities determined necessary by the heads of disaster assistance agencies.
(3)

Updates
Not later than 30 days after the date on which the Administrator receives a request from a disaster assistance agency to update questions in the consolidated application described in paragraph (1) needed to administer the disaster assistance programs of the disaster assistance agency, the Administrator shall make those updates.
(c)

Authorities of Administrator
The Administrator may—
(1)
collect, maintain, disclose, and use disaster assistance information, including such information received from any disaster assistance agency, with any other disaster assistance agency for purposes of subsection (b)(1); and
(2)
subject to subsection (d), authorize the collection, maintenance, disclosure, and use of disaster assistance information collected on or after the date of enactment of the Disaster Assistance Simplification Act by publishing a notice on a public website that—
(A)
includes a detailed description of—
(i)
the specific disaster assistance information authorized to be collected, maintained, disclosed, and used;
(ii)
why the collection, maintenance, disclosure, or use of the disaster assistance information is necessary to carry out the purpose of a disaster assistance program;
(iii)
how the collection, maintenance, disclosure, and use of disaster assistance information incorporates fair information practices; and
(iv)
the disaster assistance agencies that will be granted access to the disaster assistance information to carry out the purpose of any disaster assistance program; and
(B)
provides that the submission of an application through a unified disaster application constitutes prior written consent to disclose disaster assistance information to disaster assistance agencies for the purpose of section 552a(b) of title 5, United States Code.
(d)

Collection and sharing of records and information
(1)

Effect of publication of notice on public website
The publication of a notice by the Administrator on a public website of a revision to the system of records of the unified intake process and system established under subsection (b)(1) prior to any new collection, maintenance, disclosure, or use of records to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program with respect to a major disaster or emergency declared by the President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of this Act shall be deemed to satisfy the notice and publication requirements of section 552a(e)(4) of title 5, United States Code, for the entire period of performance for any assistance provided under a disaster assistance program.
(2)

Paperwork Reduction Act waiver
(A)

In general
Upon the declaration of a major disaster or emergency pursuant to section 401 or 501, respectively, of this Act, the Administrator may waive the requirements of subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly known as the “Paperwork Reduction Act”), with respect to the voluntary collection of information specific to the declared major disaster or emergency needed to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program.
(B)

Duration
A waiver described in subparagraph (A) shall be in effect for the entire period of performance for any assistance provided under a disaster assistance program with respect to a declared major disaster or emergency.
(C)

Transparency
If the Administrator waives the requirements described in subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall—
(i)
promptly post on a public website—
(I)
a brief justification for the waiver; and
(II)
the agencies and offices to which the waiver shall apply;
(ii)
update the information posted under clause (i), as applicable; and
(iii)
comply with the requirements of subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly known as the “Paperwork Reduction Act”) upon the expiration of the period of performance of any assistance provided under a disaster assistance program if the collection of information may be utilized for the purposes of supporting the disaster assistance program in future major disaster or emergency declarations.
(D)

Effectiveness of waiver
Any waiver under subparagraph (A) shall take effect on the date on which the Administrator posts information on the internet website as provided for under subparagraph (C).
(e)

Data security
The Administrator shall facilitate the collection of disaster assistance information into a unified application only after—
(1)
the Administrator certifies that the unified application substantially complies with the data security standards established pursuant to subchapter II of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, and any other applicable Federal information security policy;
(2)
the Secretary of Homeland Security publishes a privacy impact assessment for the unified application that is similar to the privacy assessment conducted under section 208(b)(1)(B) of the E-Government Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501 note); and
(3)
the Administrator, in consultation with disaster assistance agencies, publishes standard rules of behavior for disaster assistance agencies and personnel granted access to disaster assistance information to protect such information from improper disclosure.
(f)

Certification of disaster assistance agencies
(1)

In general
The Administrator may certify a Federal agency as a disaster assistance agency after posting an agreement between the Administrator and the Federal agency on a public website that contains the detailed terms of the agreement.
(2)

Contents of agreement
An agreement between the Administrator and a Federal agency described in paragraph (1) shall state that the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Federal agency will—
(A)
collect, disclose, maintain, and use disaster assistance information in accordance with—
(i)
this section; and
(ii)
subject to subsection (i)(2), any existing policies of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Federal agency for information protection and use;
(B)
train any personnel granted access to disaster assistance information on the rules of behavior established by the Administrator under subsection (e)(3);
(C)
in the event of any unauthorized disclosure of disaster assistance information—
(i)
not later than 24 hours after discovering the unauthorized disclosure—
(I)
in the case of an unauthorized disclosure by the Federal agency, notify the Administrator of the disclosure; and
(II)
in the case of an unauthorized disclosure by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, notify disaster assistance agencies of the disclosure;
(ii)
cooperate fully with the Administrator and disaster assistance agencies in the investigation and remediation of the disclosure; and
(iii)
cooperate fully in the prosecution of a person responsible for the disclosure; and
(D)
assume responsibility for any compensation, civil liability, or other remediation measure awarded by a judgment of a court or agreed upon as a compromise of any potential claim by or on behalf of an applicant, including by obtaining credit monitoring and remediation services, for an improper disclosure of disaster assistance information that is—
(i)
caused, directly or indirectly, by the acts or omissions of an officer, employee, or contractor of the Federal agency; or
(ii)
from any electronic system of records that was created or maintained by the Federal agency pursuant to section 552a(e) of title 5, United States Code.
(g)

Reports
(1)

FEMA
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, and every year thereafter for 2 years, the Administrator, in coordination with the heads of disaster assistance agencies, shall submit to Congress a report on the implementation of this section, including—
(A)
how disaster assistance agencies are working together to implement the requirements under this section;
(B)
the effect of this section on disaster survivor burden and the speed and efficiency of delivering disaster assistance; and
(C)
a description of any other challenges that require further legislative action.
(2)

GAO
Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this section, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report on how the implementation of this section has affected the disaster survivor experience, and any recommendations for improvements to the requirements under this section.
(h)

Briefings
Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this section, and again not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator shall brief Congress on—
(1)
the status of the implementation of the requirements under this section; and
(2)
how disaster assistance agencies are working together to implement the requirements under this section.
(i)

Rules of construction
(1)

Inapplicability of matching program provisions
The disclosure and use of disaster assistance information subject to the requirements of section 552a of title 5, United States Code, among disaster assistance agencies or with State, local, or Tribal governments carrying out disaster assistance programs shall not—
(A)
be construed as a matching program for the purpose of section 552a(a)(8) of title 5, United States Code; or
(B)
be subject to subsection (e)(12), (o), (p)(1)(A)(ii), (q), (r), or (u) of section 552a of title 5, United States Code.
(2)

Authorities in other laws
Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the authority of an entity to share disaster assistance information regarding programs funded or facilitated by the entity in accordance with any other law or agency policy.
(3)

Applying to multiple programs
Nothing in this section shall be construed to require an applicant to apply to more than 1 disaster assistance program.
(4)

Program authorization
Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize a program that is not authorized by law as of the date of enactment of this section.”.
Passed the Senate December 16, 2025.
Secretary