[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 5300 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

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119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 5300

  To ensure the transparency and integrity of casualty accounting and 
benefits and awards for military and civilian personnel during military 
                  operations, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             August 6, 2026

Ms. Duckworth (for herself, Mrs. Shaheen, Mr. Peters, Mr. Hickenlooper, 
 Ms. Hirono, Mr. Van Hollen, Mr. Merkley, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Gallego, Ms. 
     Baldwin, Mr. Blumenthal, Ms. Warren, Mr. Kelly, Mr. Kim, Ms. 
 Alsobrooks, Mr. Fetterman, Mr. Schatz, and Ms. Rosen) introduced the 
 following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 
                             Armed Services

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To ensure the transparency and integrity of casualty accounting and 
benefits and awards for military and civilian personnel during military 
                  operations, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Honoring the Sacrifice of Troops in 
War Act of 2026''.

SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) every member of the Armed Forces who dies or is wounded 
        in hostilities is entitled to be counted, by name and in 
        number, in the casualty records of the operation in which the 
        member served;
            (2) the United States Government owes to the fallen, to 
        their families, and to history a complete, honest, and 
        permanent accounting of every member of the Armed Forces killed 
        or wounded in the service of the Nation, and no administrative 
        reclassification may be permitted to obscure the human cost of 
        war;
            (3) accurate and complete casualty statistics are essential 
        to the accountability of the executive branch to the American 
        people and to the exercise by Congress of its constitutional 
        powers to declare war, to raise and support Armies, to provide 
        and maintain a Navy, and to appropriate funds;
            (4) no reporting category, accounting methodology, or 
        assertion that hostilities have ceased may be used to conceal 
        from Congress or the American people the human cost of the 
        military operations of the United States; and
            (5) no false assertion that hostilities have ceased nor 
        arbitrary termination of the designation of an active 
        contingency operation may be used to deny servicemembers, their 
        families, or Department of Defense civilian employees the 
        benefits and awards they are due for their support to active 
        military operations.

SEC. 3. CONTINGENCY OPERATION DEFINED.

    In this Act, the term ``contingency operation'' has the meaning 
given the term in section 101(a)(13) of title 10, United States Code, 
as amended by section 4 of this Act.

SEC. 4. INTEGRITY OF TIME PERIODS OF CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS.

    Section 101(a)(13) of title 10, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses 
        (i) and (ii), respectively;
            (2) by striking ``The term'' and inserting ``(A) The 
        term''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
            ``(B) The Secretary of Defense may not redesignate, rename, 
        or reclassify an ongoing designated contingency operation if 
        the facts and circumstances on the ground at the time and place 
        of the potential reclassification meets the criteria of 
        subparagraph (A)(ii) and involve members of the Armed Forces 
        involved in military actions, operations, or hostilities 
        against the same enemy of the United States or opposing 
        military force against which the original operation was 
        conducted, including during or following an announced 
        ceasefire, diplomatic negotiation, or change in operational 
        phase.''.

SEC. 5. INTEGRITY OF CASUALTY RECORDS AND STATISTICS.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 75 of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 1472. Casualty records and casualty statistics: integrity; 
              prohibition on manipulative reclassification
    ``(a) Public Record and Proper Attribution of Casualties.--(1) The 
Secretary of Defense shall publish and update as frequently as 
practicable statistics about covered casualties and shall ensure that 
each covered casualty is attributed, in each casualty record and in 
each publication of casualty statistics of the Department of Defense 
(including the Defense Casualty Analysis System), to each specific 
military operation in support of which the member of the Armed Forces 
or civilian official concerned was serving at the time of the casualty.
    ``(2) Except as provided in subsection (b)(2), a covered casualty 
attributed to a designated military operation shall remain so 
attributed in the casualty records and cumulative casualty statistics 
of the Department of Defense. The establishment of a successor or 
additional designated military operation, or of any new or revised 
reporting category, shall not operate to remove, transfer, or reduce 
any attribution previously made.
    ``(b) Prohibition on Manipulative Reclassification.--(1) Except as 
provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary of Defense may not direct any 
component of the Department of Defense to modify a casualty record, 
reclassify a covered casualty, or change the casualty status or 
operation attribution of a covered casualty, or restart, reset, or 
rebase any cumulative count of casualties if the basis for doing so is 
a redesignation, renaming, or reclassification of an ongoing designated 
contingency operation that--
            ``(A) meets the criteria of section 101(a)(13)(B) of this 
        title; and
            ``(B) involves members of the Armed Forces in military 
        actions, operations, or hostilities against the same enemy of 
        the United States or opposing military force against which the 
        original operation was conducted, including during or following 
        periods of an announced ceasefire, diplomatic negotiation, or 
        change in operational phase.
    ``(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to a modification of a casualty 
record that--
            ``(A) corrects a demonstrable error of fact concerning the 
        individual casualty, including an error as to the identity, 
        unit, duty status, location, or cause of death or injury of the 
        member concerned;
            ``(B) is documented in writing, including the specific 
        facts establishing the error; and
            ``(C) is not based, in whole or in part, on a change in 
        policy, methodology, or the structure or presentation of 
        reporting categories, or on any assertion described in 
        subsection (c).
    ``(c) Asserted Cessation of Hostilities.--A covered casualty may 
not be excluded from attribution to a designated military operation, 
and may not be removed or transferred from such an attribution, on the 
basis of any assertion, determination, announcement, or agreement, 
whether by the President, the Secretary of Defense, any other officer 
or employee of the United States, or a foreign government, that 
hostilities associated with the operation have ceased, concluded, 
paused, or diminished, if the facts and circumstances on the ground at 
the time and place of the potential reclassification met the criteria 
of section 101(a)(13)(B) of this title and involve members of the Armed 
Forces in military actions, operations, or hostilities against the same 
enemy of the United States or opposing military force against which the 
original operation was conducted.
    ``(d) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Covered casualty.--The term `covered casualty' means, 
        with respect to a member of the Armed Forces--
                    ``(A) the death of the member while serving on 
                active duty, or while serving in support of, or in the 
                area of operations of, a designated military operation; 
                or
                    ``(B) a wound or injury of the member incurred in 
                combat operations in the circumstances described in 
                subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Casualty record.--The term `casualty record' means 
        any record of the Department of Defense documenting the death 
        of a member of the Armed Forces or civilian official, or a 
        wound or injury of such an individual, including any record in 
        the Defense Casualty Analysis System or any individual casualty 
        report.
            ``(3) Designated military operation.--The term `designated 
        military operation' means a military operation to which the 
        Secretary of Defense or the commander of a command has 
        officially designated a contingency operation under the 
        conditions of section 101(a)(13) of this title.''.
    (b) Subchapter Heading.--The heading of subchapter I of chapter 75 
of title 10, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: 
``SUBCHAPTER I--Death Investigations and Casualty Records''.

SEC. 6. RESTORATION OF CASUALTY RECORDS RELATING TO OPERATION EPIC 
              FURY.

    (a) Restoration.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall restore all 
casualty records and casualty statistics by the Department of Defense 
modified since February 28, 2026, to comply with section 1472 of title 
10, United States Code, as added by section 5 of this Act.
    (b) Notice to Next of Kin.--Not later than 30 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to 
the primary next of kin of each deceased or wounded member of the Armed 
Forces whose casualty record or operation attribution was modified 
during the covered period written notice of the restoration of the 
record or attribution required by subsection (a), and the reason for 
such restoration.
    (c) Covered Period Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered 
period'' means the period beginning on February 28, 2026, and ending on 
the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 7. INTEGRITY OF BENEFITS AND RECOGNITION DURING CONTINGENCY 
              OPERATIONS.

    Section 991 of title 10, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(f) Prohibition on Alteration of Benefit Eligibility Based on 
Administrative Redesignation of Contingency Operations.--(1) The 
Secretary of Defense may not direct any component of the Department of 
Defense to modify, adjust, shorten, extend, pause, reset, or otherwise 
alter any deployment-related benefit eligibility if the basis for such 
modification is solely a redesignation, renaming, or reclassification 
of an ongoing designated contingency operation where the facts and 
circumstances on the ground at the time and place of potential 
redesignation meet the criteria of section 101(a)(13)(B) of this title 
and members of the Armed Forces are involved in military actions, 
operations, or hostilities against the same enemy of the United States 
or opposing military force against which the original operation was 
conducted, including during or following periods of an announced 
ceasefire, temporary cessation of hostilities, diplomatic negotiation, 
or change in operational phase.
    ``(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), deployment-related benefit 
eligibility determinations shall continue to be calculated as if the 
original designation of the operation remained in effect, except as 
provided under paragraph (4).
    ``(3) Administrative changes to the naming, structuring, 
categorization, or classification of an ongoing designated operation 
shall not be considered a basis to alter the eligibility of any member 
of the Armed Forces or civilian personnel for any benefit, including 
awards or decorations, veterans' preference accrual, pay or leave 
entitlement, deployment-related threshold, or contingency military 
leave tied to service in that operation.
    ``(4) Nothing in this subsection prohibits adjustments to 
eligibility windows when such adjustments are--
            ``(A) explicitly required by statute;
            ``(B) necessary due to a substantive change in operational 
        conditions, including commencement of hostilities against a new 
        enemy or opposing force; or
            ``(C) authorized under subsection (a)(3) pursuant to a 
        Secretary-approved deployment exception.
    ``(5) In this subsection, the term `designated military operation' 
means a military operation to which the Secretary of Defense or the 
commander of a combatant command has officially designated a 
contingency operation under the conditions of section 101(a)(13) of 
this title.''.

SEC. 8. RESTORATION OF BENEFITS AND RECOGNITION FOR MILITARY AND 
              CIVILIAN PERSONNEL SUPPORT TO OPERATION EPIC FURY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall restore all covered 
benefits to members of the Armed Services and civilian personnel who 
supported covered military operations since February 28, 2026, in order 
to comply with subsection (f) of section 991 of title 10, United States 
Code, as added by section 7 of this Act.
    (b) Notice to Affected Personnel.--Not later than 30 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall 
provide to each member of the Armed Forces or civilian personnel whose 
covered benefits were modified during the covered period written notice 
of the restoration of benefits required by subsection (a), and of the 
reason for such restoration.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered benefits.--The term ``covered benefits'' means 
        benefits to which members of the Armed Forces and civilian 
        personnel who support covered military operations are entitled, 
        including Department of Defense awards or decorations, 
        veterans' preference accrual, contingency military leave, or 
        other benefits associated with special pay, leave, and tax 
        authorities in titles 10, 37, and 5, United States Code, the 
        Department of State Standardized Regulations, Internal Revenue 
        Service combat zone regulations, and Office of Personnel 
        Management policies that are triggered by the statutory 
        definition of a contingency operation.
            (2) Covered period.--The term ``covered period'' means the 
        period beginning on February 28, 2026, and ending on the date 
        of the enactment of this Act.
            (3) Covered military operations.--The term ``covered 
        military operations'' means United States military activities 
        against Iran from February 28, 2026, until the date of the 
        enactment of this Act.
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