[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 5280 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 5280

To require employers to provide paid annual leave to employees, and for 
                            other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             August 6, 2026

Mr. Sanders (for himself, Mr. Murphy, Mr. Markey, Mr. Gallego, and Mr. 
   Padilla) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
  referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To require employers to provide paid annual leave to employees, and for 
                            other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Guaranteed Paid Vacation Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Commerce.--The terms ``commerce'' and ``industry or 
        activity affecting commerce''--
                    (A) mean any activity, business, or industry in 
                commerce or in which a labor dispute would hinder or 
                obstruct commerce or the free flow of commerce; and
                    (B) include ``commerce'' and ``industry affecting 
                commerce'', as defined in paragraphs (1) and (3) of 
                section 501 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947 
                (29 U.S.C. 142(1) and (3)).
            (2) Covered employee.--The term ``covered employee'' means 
        an individual who is--
                    (A)(i) an employee who is not covered under any 
                other provision of this paragraph;
                    (ii) an employee of the Government Accountability 
                Office; or
                    (iii) an employee of a covered employer described 
                in paragraph (3)(B)(i)(V);
                    (B) a State employee described in section 304(a) of 
                the Government Employee Rights Act of 1991 (42 U.S.C. 
                2000e-16c(a)), other than an applicant for employment;
                    (C) a covered employee, as defined in section 
                411(c) of title 3, United States Code;
                    (D) a covered employee, as defined in section 101 
                of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 
                U.S.C. 1301), other than an applicant for employment; 
                or
                    (E) a Federal officer or employee covered under 
                subchapter V of chapter 63 of title 5, United States 
                Code (without regard to the limitation in section 
                6381(1)(B) of that title), who is not covered under 
                subparagraph (C).
            (3) Employer.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``employer'' means any 
                person who is--
                            (i)(I) a covered employer who is not 
                        described in any other subclause of this 
                        clause;
                            (II) an entity employing a State employee 
                        described in section 304(a) of the Government 
                        Employee Rights Act of 1991;
                            (III) an employing office, as defined in 
                        section 101 of the Congressional Accountability 
                        Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1301);
                            (IV) an employing office, as defined in 
                        section 411(c) of title 3, United States Code; 
                        or
                            (V) an employing agency covered under 
                        subchapter V of chapter 63 of title 5, United 
                        States Code; and
                    (ii) engaged in commerce (including government), or 
                an industry or activity affecting commerce (including 
                government).
                    (B) Covered employer.--
                            (i) In general.--In subparagraph (A)(i)(I), 
                        the term ``covered employer''--
                                    (I) means any person engaged in 
                                commerce or in any industry or activity 
                                affecting commerce who employs 1 or 
                                more employees for each working day 
                                during each of 20 or more calendar 
                                workweeks in the current or preceding 
                                year;
                                    (II) includes the Government 
                                Accountability Office and the Library 
                                of Congress;
                                    (III) includes any public agency;
                                    (IV) includes--
                                            (aa) any person who acts, 
                                        directly or indirectly, in the 
                                        interest of an employer covered 
                                        by this clause to any of the 
                                        employees of such employer; and
                                            (bb) any successor in 
                                        interest of such an employer; 
                                        and
                                    (V) includes any carrier (as such 
                                term is defined in section 1 of the 
                                Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. 151)) and 
                                any carrier by air (as described in 
                                section 201 of such Act (45 U.S.C. 
                                181)).
                            (ii) Public agency.--For purposes of clause 
                        (i)(III), a public agency shall be considered 
                        to be a person engaged in commerce or in an 
                        industry or activity affecting commerce.
                    (C) Predecessors.--Any reference in this paragraph 
                to an employer shall include a reference to any 
                predecessor of such employer.
            (4) Paid annual leave.--The term ``paid annual leave''--
                    (A) subject to subparagraph (B), means paid 
                vacation leave, paid personal leave, paid leave 
                provided on an annual basis (provided under this Act or 
                otherwise), or any other form of paid leave provided to 
                a covered employee by the employer of such covered 
                employee to be used during a period (other than 
                nonworkdays established by State or Federal law) in 
                which the covered employee would otherwise work; and
                    (B) does not include--
                            (i) leave provided under the Family and 
                        Medical Leave Act of 1993 (29 U.S.C. 2601, et 
                        seq.);
                            (ii) leave (paid or unpaid) that is 
                        provided by an employer of a covered employee, 
                        including such leave required by Federal, 
                        State, or local law, and is--
                                    (I) family or medical leave;
                                    (II) sick leave;
                                    (III) bereavement leave;
                                    (IV) leave related to the adoption 
                                or fostering of a child;
                                    (V) leave related to domestic 
                                violence, sexual assault, or stalking;
                                    (VI) leave with respect to a public 
                                health emergency;
                                    (VII) leave for a holiday 
                                established by Federal, State, or local 
                                law; or
                                    (VIII) leave for jury duty, for a 
                                civic duty, or to vote; or
                            (iii) any absence or paid leave under 
                        workers' compensation or a disability plan.
            (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Labor.
            (6) FLSA definitions.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), the terms ``employ'', ``employee'', ``person'', 
                ``public agency'', ``State'', and ``tipped employee'' 
                have the meanings given the terms in section 3 of the 
                Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 203).
                    (B) Employee.--For purposes of paragraph (2)(A)(i), 
                the term ``employee'' has meaning given the term in 
                section 3 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 
                U.S.C. 203), except that a reference in such section to 
                an employer shall be considered a reference to an 
                employer described in paragraph (3)(A)(i)(I).

SEC. 3. EARNED PAID ANNUAL LEAVE.

    (a) Earning of Paid Annual Leave.--
            (1) Earning of annual leave.--An employer shall provide 
        each covered employee employed by the employer not less than 1 
        hour of paid annual leave for every 25 hours worked by the 
        covered employee.
            (2) Limitation.--
                    (A) In general.--For purposes of complying with 
                paragraph (1), an employer shall not be required to 
                provide more than 80 hours of paid annual leave to a 
                covered employee during any 12-month period.
                    (B) Greater than 80 hours of paid annual leave.--In 
                determining the amount of hours provided to a covered 
                employee for purposes of limitation under subparagraph 
                (A), an employer may not include--
                            (i) any earned and unused paid annual leave 
                        that is carried over by the covered employee 
                        from a previous 12-month period under 
                        subsection (b)(5);
                            (ii) any leave acquired by the covered 
                        employee through equitable relief provided 
                        under section 6 for a violation of section 5; 
                        or
                            (iii) any leave reinstated to the covered 
                        employee under subsection (d)(2)(A).
                    (C) Rule of construction.--This section shall not 
                be construed to preclude an employer from providing 
                more than 80 hours of paid annual leave.
            (3) Commencement of earning paid annual leave.--A covered 
        employee shall begin to earn paid annual leave at the 
        commencement of employment of such covered employee.
            (4) Overtime and minimum wage exempt employee.--For 
        purposes of this section, a covered employee who is exempt from 
        overtime and minimum wage requirements under section 13(a) of 
        the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 213(a)) shall 
        be deemed to work 40 hours in each workweek.
    (b) Use of Paid Annual Leave.--
            (1) In general.--Paid annual leave earned under subsection 
        (a)(1) may be used by a covered employee for any reason.
            (2) Timing.--Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) of 
        subsection (c) and except as provided in subsection (d)(2), a 
        covered employee may use paid annual leave earned by the 
        covered employee under subsection (a)(1) at any time after the 
        leave is earned during, except as provided in paragraph (5), 
        the 12-month period after the leave is earned.
            (3) Rate of compensation.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), a covered employee using paid annual leave earned 
                under subsection (a)(1) shall be compensated, for the 
                period that the covered employee is using such leave, 
                at the regular rate at which the covered employee would 
                have been paid for such period if the covered employee 
                were not using the paid annual leave.
                    (B) Tipped employee.--For the purposes of 
                subparagraph (A), a covered employee who is a tipped 
                employee shall be compensated, for the period that such 
                employee is using paid annual leave earned under 
                subsection (a)(1), at a rate equivalent to the greater 
                of--
                            (i) the minimum wage required under section 
                        6(a) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 
                        (29 U.S.C. 206(a));
                            (ii) the applicable State minimum wage;
                            (iii) the applicable local minimum wage;
                            (iv) any other wage rate required by 
                        Federal, State, or local law; or
                            (v) the regular rate at which the employee 
                        is employed.
            (4) Loaning of annual leave.--
                    (A) Loaned leave.--An employer may loan paid annual 
                leave to a covered employee for use by such covered 
                employee in advance of the covered employee earning 
                such paid annual leave under subsection (a)(1).
                    (B) Use of loaned leave.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (C), paid annual leave loaned under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be treated as if earned under 
                subsection (a)(1).
                    (C) Reimbursement for loaned leave.--
                            (i) In general.--An employer may require a 
                        covered employee of such employer to reimburse 
                        the employer for any paid annual leave loaned 
                        under subparagraph (A) that such covered 
                        employee has not earned at the time of the 
                        termination of the employment of the covered 
                        employee.
                            (ii) Rate.--Reimbursement under clause (i) 
                        shall be at the applicable rate described in 
                        paragraph (3).
            (5) Carryover.--An employer shall permit a covered employee 
        of such employer to carry over not more than 40 hours of any 
        earned and unused paid annual leave under subsection (a)(1) in 
        a 12-month period to be used by the covered employee in the 
        following 12-month period.
            (6) Increments of use of paid annual leave.--An employer 
        shall allow any covered employee to use paid annual leave 
        earned under subsection (a)(1) in increments of the smaller 
        of--
                    (A) an hour; or
                    (B) the smallest increment of time that the 
                employer's payroll system uses to account for absences 
                or use of other time.
            (7) Benefits retained during leave.--
                    (A) In general.--An employer shall maintain any 
                employment benefits provided to a covered employee 
                during any period in which the covered employee takes 
                paid annual leave, and such benefits shall be provided 
                in the same manner as if the covered employee had 
                continued in employment continuously for the duration 
                of such leave.
                    (B) Employment benefits.--For purposes of 
                subparagraph (A), the term ``employment benefits'' has 
                the meaning given such term in section 101 of the 
                Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (29 U.S.C. 2611), 
                except that a reference in such section to the terms 
                employee and employer shall be considered a reference 
                to a covered employee and employer (as such terms are 
                defined in section 2), respectively.
    (c) Procedures for Use of Paid Annual Leave.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (3), a covered 
        employee may use paid annual leave earned under subsection 
        (a)(1) upon a verbal or written notification by the covered 
        employee to the employer of the covered employee as provided in 
        paragraph (2).
            (2) Employee notification.--
                    (A) Format of notice.--An employer may not specify 
                whether the notification under paragraph (1) is 
                provided through a verbal notice or a written notice.
                    (B) Notice samples.--The Secretary shall create 
                samples for verbal and written notices required under 
                paragraph (1).
                    (C) Timing of notice.--A covered employee shall 
                provide notice regarding an intent to use paid annual 
                leave under paragraph (1) on a day that is--
                            (i) before the day on which the covered 
                        employee intends to use the paid annual leave; 
                        and
                            (ii) not more than 14 days before the day 
                        on which the covered employee intends to use 
                        the paid annual leave.
                    (D) Emergency or unforeseeable use of leave.--
                Notwithstanding subparagraph (C), an employer shall 
                waive any notice requirement and allow the use of paid 
                annual leave earned under subsection (a)(1) in the case 
                of an emergency or a situation in which a covered 
                employee can not provide timely notice to an employer 
                for the use the paid annual leave.
            (3) Reasonable restrictions.--
                    (A) In general.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), an 
                employer may--
                            (i) place limited, reasonable restrictions 
                        regarding the scheduling of paid annual leave 
                        earned under subsection (a)(1) for a bona fide 
                        business reason; and
                            (ii) reject a scheduling request under 
                        paragraph (1) for such leave for a bona fide 
                        business reason.
                    (B) Limitation on rejection.--
                            (i) In general.--An employer may not reject 
                        a request by a covered employee under 
                        subparagraph (A)(ii) unless the employer--
                                    (I) provides other reasonable 
                                alternative times, as described in 
                                clause (ii), for the covered employee 
                                to schedule such leave; and
                                    (II) complies with the notice 
                                requirement described in clause (iii).
                            (ii) Reasonable alternatives.--
                                    (I) In general.--A reasonable 
                                alternative time described in this 
                                clause is a date other than a date a 
                                covered employee requests to use paid 
                                annual leave that is within 30 days 
                                before or after the date requested by 
                                the covered employee.
                                    (II) Expiration of paid leave.--An 
                                employer may not offer a reasonable 
                                alternative time described in this 
                                clause to prevent the use of paid 
                                annual leave that is set to expire.
                            (iii) Denial notice.--In any case in which 
                        an employer rejects a request of a covered 
                        employee to use paid annual leave under 
                        subparagraph (A)(ii), the employer shall, not 
                        later than 5 business days after the day the 
                        covered employee made such request, provide to 
                        the covered employee a written notice--
                                    (I) detailing the bona fide 
                                business reason for such denial; and
                                    (II) that provides the reasonable 
                                alternative time described in clause 
                                (ii).
            (4) Purpose of use of paid annual leave.--An employer may 
        not require a covered employee to disclose the purpose or 
        reason for which the covered employee is using paid annual 
        leave under subsection (a)(1).
            (5) Prohibition on finding cover.--An employer may not 
        require, as a condition of using paid annual leave earned under 
        subsection (a)(1), that a covered employee search for or find a 
        replacement to cover the hours during which the covered 
        employee is using such paid annual leave.
            (6) Guidance.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall provide guidance to 
        employers on compliance with paragraph (3), including by 
        defining the terms ``limited, reasonable restriction'' and 
        ``bona fide business reason''.
    (d) Procedures Regarding Leave for Employee Separation.--
            (1) Compensation.--In any case in which the employment of a 
        covered employee is terminated and such covered employee has 
        unused paid annual leave earned under subsection (a)(1) 
        (including any leave carried over under subsection (b)(5)), the 
        employer of the covered employee shall provide financial 
        compensation, at the applicable rate described in subsection 
        (b)(3), to such covered employee for all such paid annual leave 
        earned by the covered employee that is unused as of the date of 
        the termination.
            (2) Reinstatement.--If the employment of a covered employee 
        with an employer is terminated and the covered employee is 
        subsequently rehired by the employer within 12 months after 
        that termination--
                    (A) in a case in which the covered employee had 
                paid annual leave (other than paid annual leave earned 
                under subsection (a)(1) and compensated for under 
                paragraph (1)) that was not compensated for by the 
                employer at the applicable rate described under 
                subsection (b)(3) (as if such paid annual leave was 
                paid annual leave earned under subsection (a)(1)), the 
                employer shall reinstate such paid annual leave to the 
                covered employee; and
                    (B) the covered employee shall be entitled to use 
                such leave and earn additional paid annual leave under 
                subsection (a)(1) at the recommencement of employment 
                with the employer.

SEC. 4. EMPLOYER NOTICE AND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Employer Notice Requirement.--An employer shall notify each 
covered employee of the employer about the paid annual leave policy of 
such employer, which shall include the information described in 
subsection (b), by--
            (1) providing such information, in writing, to each covered 
        employee on or before the first day of employment of such 
        covered employee;
            (2) including such information in any employee handbook; 
        and
            (3) posting a notice containing such information in a 
        physical conspicuous place on the premises of the employer or a 
        virtual conspicuous place, where notices to employees are 
        customarily posted.
    (b) Contents.--The information provided pursuant to subsection (a) 
shall include--
            (1) the paid annual leave policy of such employer, 
        including any paid annual leave policy that provides paid 
        annual leave in excess of the requirements of this Act;
            (2) information--
                    (A) pertaining to the filing of an action under 
                section 6;
                    (B) regarding the protections that a covered 
                employee has in exercising rights under this Act; and
                    (C) on how the covered employee can contact the 
                Secretary (or other appropriate authority as described 
                in section 6) if any such rights are violated; and
            (3) details of any notice requirement the employer may 
        require, as described in section 3(c)(2).
    (c) System Requirement.--Each employer shall establish a system, 
such as through an online portal, written request, or through pay 
stubs, to inform each covered employee of the employer how much paid 
annual leave each covered employee has earned.
    (d) Guidance.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall provide guidance to employers on 
compliance with this section, including regarding sample notices and 
systems.

SEC. 5. PROHIBITED ACTS.

    (a) Interference With Rights.--It shall be unlawful for any 
employer to interfere with, restrain, or deny the exercise of, or the 
attempt to exercise, any right provided under this Act, including--
            (1) violating any provision of section 3 or 4;
            (2) discharging or discriminating against (including 
        retaliating against) any individual, including a job applicant, 
        for exercising or attempting to exercise, any right provided 
        under this Act;
            (3) using the taking of paid annual leave provided under 
        this Act as a negative factor in an employment action, such as 
        hiring, promotion, reducing hours or numbers of shifts, or a 
        disciplinary action; or
            (4) counting the use of such paid annual leave under a no-
        fault attendance policy or any other absence-control policy.
    (b) Interference With Proceedings or Inquiries.--It shall be 
unlawful for any person to discharge or in any other manner 
discriminate against (including retaliating against) any individual, 
including a job applicant, because such individual--
            (1) has filed an action under section 6, or has instituted 
        or caused to be instituted any proceeding, under this Act;
            (2) has given, or intends to give, any information in 
        connection with any inquiry or proceeding relating to any right 
        provided under this Act; or
            (3) has testified, or intends to testify, in any inquiry or 
        proceeding relating to any right provided under this Act.
    (c) Impermissible Consideration.--A violation of subsection (a) or 
(b) shall be established when a complaining party demonstrates that the 
complaining party exercising any right provided under this Act was a 
motivating factor in any action described in subsection (a) or (b) 
against the complaining party, even if other factors also motivated the 
action.

SEC. 6. ENFORCEMENT AND INVESTIGATIVE AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Definition.--In this subsection--
                    (A) the term ``employee'' means a covered employee 
                described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 2(2); 
                and
                    (B) the term ``employer'' means an employer 
                described in subclause (I) or (II) of section 
                2(3)(A)(i).
            (2) Investigative authority.--
                    (A) In general.--To ensure compliance with this 
                Act, or any regulation or order issued under this Act, 
                the Secretary shall have, subject to subparagraph (C), 
                the investigative authority provided under section 
                11(a) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 
                U.S.C. 211(a)), with respect to employers, employees, 
                and other individuals affected by an employer.
                    (B) Obligation to keep and preserve records.--An 
                employer shall make, keep, and preserve records 
                pertaining to compliance with this Act in accordance 
                with section 11(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 
                1938 (29 U.S.C. 211(c)) and in accordance with 
                regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
                    (C) Required submissions generally limited to an 
                annual basis.--The Secretary may not require, under the 
                authority of this paragraph, an employer to submit to 
                the Secretary any books or records more than once 
                during any 12-month period, unless the Secretary has 
                reasonable cause to believe there may exist a violation 
                of this Act or any regulation or order issued pursuant 
                to this Act, or is investigating a charge pursuant to 
                paragraph (4).
                    (D) Subpoena authority.--For the purposes of any 
                investigation provided for in this paragraph, the 
                Secretary shall have the subpoena authority provided 
                for under section 9 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 
                1938 (29 U.S.C. 209).
            (3) Private right of action.--
                    (A) In general.--An action to recover damages or 
                equitable relief prescribed in subparagraph (B) may be 
                maintained against any employer in any Federal or State 
                court of competent jurisdiction by an employee or 
                individual or a representative for and on behalf of--
                            (i) the employee or individual; or
                            (ii) the employee or individual and others 
                        similarly situated.
                    (B) Liability.--Any employer who violates section 5 
                (including a violation relating to rights provided 
                under section 3) shall be liable to any employee or 
                individual affected--
                            (i) for damages equal to--
                                    (I) the amount of--
                                            (aa) any wages, salary, 
                                        employment benefits, or other 
                                        compensation denied or lost by 
                                        reason of the violation; or
                                            (bb) in a case in which 
                                        wages, salary, employment 
                                        benefits, or other compensation 
                                        have not been denied or lost, 
                                        any actual monetary losses 
                                        sustained as a direct result of 
                                        the violation up to a sum equal 
                                        to 80 hours of wages or salary 
                                        for the employee or individual;
                                    (II) the interest on the amount 
                                described in subclause (I) calculated 
                                at the prevailing rate; and
                                    (III) an additional amount as 
                                liquidated damages; and
                            (ii) for such equitable relief as may be 
                        appropriate, including employment, 
                        reinstatement, and promotion.
                    (C) Fees and costs.--The court in an action under 
                this paragraph shall, in addition to any judgment 
                awarded to the plaintiff, allow a reasonable attorney's 
                fee, reasonable expert witness fees, and other costs to 
                be paid by the defendant.
                    (D) Limitations.--
                            (i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), an action may be brought under 
                        this paragraph or paragraph (4) not later than 
                        2 years after the date of the last event 
                        constituting the alleged violation for which 
                        the action is brought.
                            (ii) Willful violation.--In the case of 
                        such an action brought for a willful violation 
                        of section 5 (including a willful violation 
                        relating to rights provided under section 3), 
                        such action may be brought not later than 3 
                        years after the last event constituting the 
                        alleged violation for which such action is 
                        brought.
                            (iii) Commencement.--In determining when an 
                        action is commenced under this paragraph or 
                        paragraph (4) for the purposes of this 
                        subparagraph, the action shall be considered to 
                        be commenced on the date when the complaint is 
                        filed.
            (4) Actions by the secretary.--
                    (A) Administrative actions.--The Secretary shall 
                receive, investigate, and attempt to resolve complaints 
                of violations of section 5 in the same manner that the 
                Secretary receives, investigates, and attempts to 
                resolve complaints of violations of sections 6 and 7 of 
                the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206 and 
                207).
                    (B) Civil action.--The Secretary may bring an 
                action in any court of competent jurisdiction to 
                recover the damages and equitable relief described in 
                paragraph (3)(B).
                    (C) Sums recovered.--
                            (i) In general.--Any sums recovered by the 
                        Secretary pursuant to subparagraph (B) shall be 
                        held in a special deposit account and shall be 
                        paid, on order of the Secretary, directly to 
                        each employee or individual affected.
                            (ii) Unpaid recovered sums.--
                                    (I) In general.--Any such sums not 
                                paid to an employee or individual 
                                affected because of the inability to do 
                                so within a period of 3 years after 
                                such recovery shall be deposited into 
                                the fund established under subclause 
                                (II).
                                    (II) Establishment.--There is 
                                established in the Treasury of the 
                                United States a fund for amounts 
                                deposited under subclause (I).
                                    (III) Deposits.--Any sums deposited 
                                under subclause (I)--
                                            (aa) shall be deposited in 
                                        the fund established under 
                                        subclause (II)--

                                                    (AA) 
                                                notwithstanding section 
                                                3302 of title 31, 
                                                United States Code; and

                                                    (BB) as offsetting 
                                                collections; and

                                            (bb) may be used by the 
                                        Secretary for enforcement 
                                        activities, including related 
                                        to this Act or the Fair Labor 
                                        Standards Act of 1938.
                    (D) Action for injunction by secretary.--The 
                district courts of the United States shall have 
                jurisdiction, for cause shown, in an action brought by 
                the Secretary--
                            (i) to restrain violations of section 5 
                        (including a violation relating to rights 
                        provided under section 3), including the 
                        restraint of any withholding of wages, salary, 
                        employment benefits, or other compensation, 
                        plus interest, found by the court to be due to 
                        employees or individuals eligible under this 
                        Act; or
                            (ii) to award such other equitable relief 
                        as may be appropriate, including employment, 
                        reinstatement, and promotion.
                    (E) Solicitor of labor.--The Solicitor of Labor may 
                appear for and represent the Secretary on any 
                litigation brought under this paragraph.
            (5) Government accountability office and library of 
        congress.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, 
        in the case of the Government Accountability Office and the 
        Library of Congress, the authority of the Secretary under this 
        subsection shall be exercised respectively by the Comptroller 
        General of the United States and the Librarian of Congress.
    (b) Employees Covered by Chapter 5 of Title 3, United States 
Code.--The powers, remedies, and procedures provided in chapter 5 of 
title 3, United States Code, to the President, the Merit Systems 
Protection Board, or any person, alleging a violation of section 
412(a)(1) of that title, shall be the powers, remedies, and procedures 
this Act provides to the President, that Board, or any person, 
respectively, alleging an unlawful employment practice in violation of 
this Act against an employee described in section 2(2)(C).
    (c) Employees Covered by Congressional Accountability Act of 
1995.--The powers, remedies, and procedures provided in the 
Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.) to the 
Board (as defined in section 101 of that Act (2 U.S.C. 1301)), or any 
person, alleging a violation of section 202(a)(1) of that Act (2 U.S.C. 
1312(a)(1)) shall be the powers, remedies, and procedures this Act 
provides to that Board, or any person, alleging an unlawful employment 
practice in violation of this Act against an employee described in 
section 2(2)(D).
    (d) Employees Covered by Chapter 63 of Title 5, United States 
Code.--The powers, remedies, and procedures provided in title 5, United 
States Code, to an employing agency, provided in chapter 12 of that 
title to the Merit Systems Protection Board, or provided in that title 
to any person, alleging a violation of chapter 63 of that title, shall 
be the powers, remedies, and procedures this Act provides to that 
agency, that Board, or any person, respectively, alleging an unlawful 
employment practice in violation of this Act against an employee 
described in section 2(2)(E).
    (e) Remedies for State Employees.--
            (1) Waiver of sovereign immunity.--A State's receipt or use 
        of Federal financial assistance for any program or activity of 
        a State shall constitute a waiver of sovereign immunity, under 
        the 11th Amendment to the Constitution or otherwise, to a suit 
        brought by an employee of that program or activity under this 
        Act for equitable, legal, or other relief authorized under this 
        Act.
            (2) Official capacity.--An official of a State may be sued 
        in the official capacity of the official by any employee who 
        has complied with the procedures under subsection (a)(3), for 
        injunctive relief that is authorized under this Act. In such a 
        suit, the court may award to the prevailing party those costs 
        authorized by section 722 of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 
        1988).
            (3) Applicability.--With respect to a particular program or 
        activity, paragraph (1) applies to conduct occurring on or 
        after the day, after the date of enactment of this Act, on 
        which a State first receives or uses Federal financial 
        assistance for that program or activity.
            (4) Program or activity defined.--In this subsection, the 
        term ``program or activity'' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 606 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d-
        4a).
    (f) Collective Bargaining Agreement Resolution.--In addition to the 
enforcement mechanisms under this section, an employee or labor 
organization may also use a grievance and arbitration procedure of a 
collective bargaining agreement to enforce collectively bargained 
provisions relating to paid annual leave.

SEC. 7. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS AND EXISTING EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS.

    (a) State or Local Laws.--
            (1) Greater leave rights.--Nothing in this Act shall be 
        construed to supersede any provision of any State or local law 
        that provides greater paid annual leave or other leave rights 
        to covered employees or individuals than the rights established 
        under this Act.
            (2) Distinguish between types of leave.--For the purposes 
        of this subsection, a State or local law that does not 
        distinguish between time earned for paid annual leave and time 
        earned for sick leave shall be deemed a law that provides 
        lesser paid annual leave or other rights to covered employees 
        or individuals than the rights established under this Act.
    (b) More Protective Agreements.--Nothing in this Act shall be 
construed to diminish the obligation of an employer to comply with any 
contract, collective bargaining agreement, or any employment benefit 
program or plan that provides greater paid annual leave or other leave 
rights to covered employees or individuals than the rights established 
under this Act.
    (c) Less Protective Agreements.--The rights established for covered 
employes under this Act shall not be diminished by any contract, 
collective bargaining agreement, or any employment program or plan.

SEC. 8. AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall carry out a public awareness campaign 
to inform the public about the earned paid annual leave entitlement 
established under this Act, which shall include information about--
            (1) the rights provided to a covered employee under this 
        Act; and
            (2) resources available to a covered employee if the 
        employee believes the rights provided under this Act have been 
        violated.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.

SEC. 9. EFFECTIVE DATES.

    (a) Effective Date.--Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act 
shall take effect 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (b) Collective Bargaining Agreements.--In the case of an applicable 
collective bargaining agreement in effect on the effective date 
prescribed under subsection (a), the Act shall take effect on the 
earlier of--
            (1) the date of the termination of such agreement;
            (2) the date of any amendment, made on or after such 
        effective date, to such agreement; or
            (3) the date that occurs 18 months after such effective 
        date.
                                 <all>