[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 5081 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 5081

To reclaim the authority of Congress over the imposition of duties and 
              other trade actions, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             July 22, 2026

   Mr. Wyden introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
                  referred to the Committee on Finance

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To reclaim the authority of Congress over the imposition of duties and 
              other trade actions, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Congressional 
Trade Powers Reform Act of 2026''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
           TITLE I--AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS OVER TRADE ACTIONS

Sec. 101. Authority of Congress over trade actions.
        TITLE II--WITHDRAWAL OF DELEGATIONS OF TRADE AUTHORITIES

Sec. 201. Repeal of balance-of-payments authority.
Sec. 202. Repeal of authority to impose duties in response to 
                            discrimination by foreign countries.
Sec. 203. Modification of authority to take action in response to 
                            unfair trade practices.
Sec. 204. Modification of authority to take action in response to 
                            threats to national security.
Sec. 205. Modification of authority to take action in response to 
                            import competition.
                        TITLE III--OTHER MATTERS

Sec. 301. Requirement that any trade agreement that binds the United 
                            States first be approved by law.
Sec. 302. Establishment of Office of the United States Trade 
                            Representative outside the Executive Office 
                            of the President.
Sec. 303. Establishment of Inspector General of the Office of the 
                            United States Trade Representative.

           TITLE I--AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS OVER TRADE ACTIONS

SEC. 101. AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS OVER TRADE ACTIONS.

    The Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1304 et seq.) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

          ``TITLE X--AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS OVER TRADE ACTIONS

    ``Subtitle A--Process for Approval of Trade Actions by Congress

``SEC. 1001. PROCESS FOR APPROVAL OF TRADE ACTIONS BY CONGRESS.

    ``(a) In General.--An action may be taken under section 232 of the 
Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1862) or section 201, 203, or 
301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2251, 2253, and 2411) only if--
            ``(1) the President submits to the Joint Committee on 
        Tariffs and Trade a proposal for the action;
            ``(2) the Joint Committee reviews the proposal of the 
        President;
            ``(3) not later than 30 days after receiving the proposal 
        of the President under paragraph (1), the Joint Committee 
        recommends to Congress that the action be taken; and
            ``(4) during the 30-day period after the submission to 
        Congress of the recommendation under paragraph (3), there is 
        enacted into law a joint resolution of approval pursuant to 
        subsection (d) with respect to the action.
    ``(b) Duration.--An action approved in accordance with subsection 
(a) shall--
            ``(1) take effect on the date that is 30 days after the 
        enactment of a joint resolution described in paragraph (4) of 
        that subsection; and
            ``(2) except as provided by subsection (c), terminate not 
        later than the date that is 180 days after the date specified 
        in paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Extension, Modification, and Termination.--An action approved 
in accordance with subsection (a) may be extended for additional 
periods of 180 days, modified, or terminated, if--
            ``(1) the President submits to the Joint Committee on 
        Tariffs and Trade a proposal for the extension, modification, 
        or termination;
            ``(2) the Joint Committee reviews the proposal of the 
        President;
            ``(3) the Joint Committee recommends to Congress that the 
        action be extended, modified, or terminated; and
            ``(4) during the 30-day period after the submission to 
        Congress of the recommendation under paragraph (3), there is 
        enacted into law a joint resolution of approval pursuant to 
        subsection (d) with respect to the extension, modification, or 
        termination.
    ``(d) Joint Resolution of Approval.--
            ``(1) Joint resolution of approval defined.--In this 
        subsection, the term `joint resolution of approval' means a 
        joint resolution of either House of Congress the sole matter 
        after the resolving clause of which is the following: `Congress 
        approves of the proposal of the President relating to a trade 
        action under section 1001 of Tariff Act of 1930 submitted to 
        the Joint Committee on Tariffs and Trade on ___ and recommended 
        to Congress on ___.', with blank spaces being filled with the 
        appropriate dates.
            ``(2) Introduction.--During the 30-day period provided for 
        under subsection (a)(4) or (c)(4), as applicable, a joint 
        resolution of approval may be introduced in either House by any 
        Member.
            ``(3) Consideration in house of representatives.--
                    ``(A) Committee referral.--A joint resolution of 
                approval introduced in the House of Representatives 
                shall be referred to the Committee on Ways and Means.
                    ``(B) Reporting and discharge.--If the Committee on 
                Ways and Means has not reported the joint resolution of 
                approval within 10 calendar days after the date of 
                referral, the Committee shall be discharged from 
                further consideration of the joint resolution.
                    ``(C) Proceeding to consideration.--Beginning on 
                the third legislative day after the Committee on Ways 
                and Means reports the joint resolution of approval to 
                the House or has been discharged from further 
                consideration thereof, it shall be in order to move to 
                proceed to consider the joint resolution in the House. 
                All points of order against the motion are waived. Such 
                a motion shall not be in order after the House has 
                disposed of a motion to proceed on the joint 
                resolution. The previous question shall be considered 
                as ordered on the motion to its adoption without 
                intervening motion. The motion shall not be debatable. 
                A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is 
                disposed of shall not be in order.
                    ``(D) Floor consideration.--The joint resolution of 
                approval shall be considered as read. All points of 
                order against the joint resolution and against its 
                consideration are waived. The previous question shall 
                be considered as ordered on the joint resolution to 
                final passage without intervening motion except 2 hours 
                of debate equally divided and controlled by the sponsor 
                of the joint resolution (or a designee) and an 
                opponent. A motion to reconsider the vote on passage of 
                the joint resolution shall not be in order.
            ``(4) Consideration in the senate.--
                    ``(A) Committee referral.--A joint resolution of 
                approval introduced in the Senate shall be referred to 
                the Committee on Finance.
                    ``(B) Reporting and discharge.--If the Committee on 
                Finance has not reported the joint resolution of 
                approval within 10 calendar days after the date of 
                referral of the joint resolution, the Committee shall 
                be discharged from further consideration of the joint 
                resolution and the joint resolution shall be placed on 
                the appropriate calendar.
                    ``(C) Proceeding to consideration.--Notwithstanding 
                Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it is in 
                order at any time after the Committee on Finance 
                reports a joint resolution of approval or has been 
                discharged from consideration of such a joint 
                resolution to move to proceed to the consideration of 
                the joint resolution. The motion to proceed is not 
                debatable. The motion is not subject to a motion to 
                postpone. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the 
                motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in 
                order.
                    ``(D) Rulings of the chair on procedure.--Appeals 
                from the decisions of the Chair relating to the 
                application of the rules of the Senate to the procedure 
                relating to a joint resolution of approval shall be 
                decided by the Senate without debate.
            ``(5) Treatment of house joint resolution in senate.--
                    ``(A) Committee referral.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), a joint resolution of approval that 
                has passed the House of Representatives shall, when 
                received in the Senate, be referred to the Committee on 
                Finance for consideration in accordance with paragraph 
                (4).
                    ``(B) Consideration of house resolution.--If a 
                joint resolution of approval was introduced in the 
                Senate before receipt of a joint resolution of approval 
                that has passed the House of Representatives--
                            ``(i) the joint resolution from the House 
                        of Representatives shall, when received in the 
                        Senate, be placed on the calendar; and
                            ``(ii) the procedures in the Senate with 
                        respect to a joint resolution of approval 
                        introduced in the Senate shall be the same as 
                        if no joint resolution of approval had been 
                        received from the House of Representatives, 
                        except that the vote on passage in the Senate 
                        shall be on the joint resolution that passed 
                        the House of Representatives.
                    ``(C) House resolution received after passage by 
                senate.--If the Senate passes a joint resolution of 
                approval before receiving a joint resolution of 
                approval from the House of Representatives, the joint 
                resolution of the Senate shall be held at the desk 
                pending receipt of the joint resolution from the House 
                of Representatives. Upon receipt of the joint 
                resolution of approval from the House of 
                Representatives, such joint resolution shall be deemed 
                to be read twice, considered, read the third time, and 
                passed.
                    ``(D) Consideration of house resolution if no 
                resolution introduced in senate.--If the Senate 
                receives a joint resolution of approval from the House 
                of Representatives, and no joint resolution of approval 
                has been introduced in the Senate, the procedures 
                described in paragraph (4) shall apply to consideration 
                of the joint resolution of the House.
            ``(6) Rules of the house of representatives and senate.--
        This subsection is enacted by Congress--
                    ``(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the 
                Senate and the House of Representatives, respectively, 
                and as such is deemed a part of the rules of each 
                House, respectively, and supersedes other rules only to 
                the extent that it is inconsistent with such rules; and
                    ``(B) with full recognition of the constitutional 
                right of either House to change the rules (so far as 
                relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, 
                in the same manner, and to the same extent as in the 
                case of any other rule of that House.

           ``Subtitle B--Joint Committee on Tariffs and Trade

``SEC. 1011. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON TARIFFS AND TRADE.

    ``There shall be a joint congressional committee known as the Joint 
Committee on Tariffs and Trade (in this subtitle referred to as the 
`Joint Committee').

``SEC. 1012. MEMBERSHIP.

    ``(a) In General.--The Joint Committee shall be composed of 10 
members as follows:
            ``(1) From committee on finance.--Five members who are 
        members of the Committee on Finance of the Senate, 3 from the 
        majority and 2 from the minority party, to be chosen by such 
        Committee.
            ``(2) From committee on ways and means.--Five members who 
        are members of the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of 
        Representatives, 3 from the majority and 2 from the minority 
        party, to be chosen by such Committee.
    ``(b) Chairperson and Vice Chairperson.--
            ``(1) Chairperson.--The Joint Committee shall be chaired by 
        the Chairperson of the Committee on Ways and Means of the House 
        of Representatives for the first session of each Congress and 
        by the Chairperson of the Committee on Finance of the Senate 
        for the second session of each Congress.
            ``(2) Vice chairperson.--The Chairperson of the Committee 
        on Finance of the Senate shall serve as the Vice Chairperson of 
        the Joint Committee for the first session of each Congress and 
        the Chairperson of the Committee on Ways and Means of the House 
        of Representatives shall serve as the Vice Chairperson of the 
        Joint Committee for the second session of each Congress.
    ``(c) Tenure of Office.--
            ``(1) General limitation.--Except as provided by paragraph 
        (2), no individual shall continue to serve as a member of the 
        Joint Committee after the individual has ceased to be a member 
        of the Committee by which the individual was chosen.
            ``(2) Exception.--The members chosen by the Committee on 
        Ways and Means who have been reelected to the House of 
        Representatives may continue to serve as members of the Joint 
        Committee notwithstanding the expiration of the Congress.
    ``(d) Vacancies.--
            ``(1) Effect.--A vacancy in the Joint Committee shall not 
        affect the power of the remaining members to execute the 
        functions of the Joint Committee.
            ``(2) Filling vacancies.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided by 
                subparagraph (B), a vacancy in the Joint Committee 
                shall be filled in the same manner as the original 
                selection.
                    ``(B) Exceptions.--
                            ``(i) Adjournment or recess of congress.--
                        If there is a vacancy in the Joint Committee 
                        for a period of more than 2 weeks during an 
                        adjournment or recess of Congress, the members 
                        of the Joint Committee who are members of the 
                        Committee entitled to fill the vacancy may 
                        designate a member of the Committee to serve 
                        until the successor of the member is chosen in 
                        accordance with subsection (a).
                            ``(ii) Expiration of congress.--If a 
                        position of a member of the Joint Committee 
                        appointed by the Committee on Ways and Means of 
                        the House of Representatives becomes vacant 
                        after the expiration of a Congress, the members 
                        of the Joint Committee who are members of the 
                        Committee on Ways and Means of the House of 
                        Representatives may designate an individual 
                        who, immediately prior to such expiration, was 
                        a member of the Committee on Ways and Means of 
                        the House of Representatives and who is re-
                        elected to the House of Representatives to 
                        serve until the successor of the member is 
                        chosen in accordance with subsection (a).
    ``(e) Compensation and Allowances.--Members of the Joint Committee 
shall serve without compensation in addition to compensation received 
as Members of Congress, but shall be reimbursed for travel, 
subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred in the performance 
of the duties vested in the Joint Committee, other than expenses in 
connection with meetings of the Joint Committee held in the District of 
Columbia during such times as the Congress is in session.

``SEC. 1013. DUTIES.

    ``(a) In General.--The Joint Committee shall--
            ``(1) conduct reviews of proposals submitted by the 
        President and make recommendations to Congress under section 
        1001 with respect to trade actions;
            ``(2) be responsible for oversight of trade negotiations, 
        including through the activities of the Chief Congressional 
        Trade Representative for Negotiations appointed under section 
        1015(a)(2); and
            ``(3) be responsible for oversight of implementation, 
        compliance, and enforcement of trade agreements to which the 
        United States is a party, including through the activities of 
        the Chief Congressional Trade Representative for Monitoring and 
        Enforcement appointed under section 1015(a)(3).
    ``(b) Annual Reports.--Not less frequently than annually, the Joint 
Committee shall submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and 
the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a 
report on the efforts of the Joint Committee to carry out the duties 
described in subsection (a) during the year preceding submission of the 
report.

``SEC. 1014. POWERS.

    ``(a) Relating to Hearings and Sessions.--The Joint Committee may--
            ``(1) hold hearings and sit and act at such places and 
        times as the Joint Committee deems advisable;
            ``(2) require by subpoena (to be issued under the signature 
        of the Chairperson or Vice Chairperson) or otherwise the 
        attendance of witnesses and the production of books, papers, 
        and documents;
            ``(3) administer oaths; and
            ``(4) take testimony.
    ``(b) Printing and Binding.--The Joint Committee may have such 
printing and binding done as the Joint Committee deems advisable.
    ``(c) Expenditures.--The Joint Committee may make such expenditures 
as the Joint Committee deems advisable.

``SEC. 1015. STAFF OF JOINT COMMITTEE ON TARIFFS AND TRADE.

    ``(a) Appointment, Employment, and Compensation.--
            ``(1) Chief of staff.--The Joint Committee shall appoint 
        and fix the compensation of a Chief of Staff.
            ``(2) Chief congressional trade representative for 
        negotiations.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Joint Committee shall 
                appoint and fix the compensation of a Chief 
                Congressional Trade Representative for Negotiations.
                    ``(B) Duties.--The Chief Congressional Trade 
                Representative for Negotiations appointed under 
                subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) be the chief representative of 
                        Congress for international trade negotiations, 
                        including all negotiations in which the United 
                        States participates on any matter considered 
                        under the auspices of the World Trade 
                        Organization or relating to commodities or 
                        direct investment;
                            ``(ii) be accredited by the United States 
                        Trade Representative on behalf of the President 
                        as a member of United States delegations to 
                        conferences, meetings, and negotiating sessions 
                        relating to such negotiations; and
                            ``(iii) report directly to the Joint 
                        Committee, the Committee on Finance of the 
                        Senate, and the Committee on Ways and Means of 
                        the House of Representatives on the conduct of 
                        such negotiations.
            ``(3) Chief congressional trade representative for 
        monitoring and enforcement.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Joint Committee shall 
                appoint and fix the compensation of a Chief 
                Congressional Trade Representative for Monitoring and 
                Enforcement.
                    ``(B) Duties.--The Chief Congressional Trade 
                Representative for Monitoring and Enforcement appointed 
                under subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) be responsible for monitoring--
                                    ``(I) implementation of and 
                                compliance with trade agreements to 
                                which the United States is a party; and
                                    ``(II) trade barriers in foreign 
                                countries;
                            ``(ii) advise on enforcement of trade 
                        agreements, including the initiation of dispute 
                        settlement proceedings under the auspices of 
                        the World Trade Organization or pursuant to 
                        bilateral and regional trade agreements to 
                        which the United States is a party;
                            ``(iii) be the chief representative of 
                        Congress at the Interagency Center on Trade 
                        Implementation, Monitoring, and Enforcement; 
                        and
                            ``(iv) report directly to the Joint 
                        Committee, the Committee on Finance of the 
                        Senate, and the Committee on Ways and Means of 
                        the House of Representatives on--
                                    ``(I) implementation of, compliance 
                                with, and enforcement of trade 
                                agreements to which the United States 
                                is a party; and
                                    ``(II) trade barriers in foreign 
                                countries.
            ``(4) Permanent staff.--The Joint Committee may employ and 
        fix the compensation of a permanent staff to facilitate the 
        work of the Joint Committee, including economists, attorneys, 
        and other professionals with significant international trade 
        experience.
    ``(b) Non-Partisanship.--The staff of the Joint Committee shall 
serve on a professional, nonpartisan basis.

``SEC. 1016. PAYMENT OF EXPENSES.

    ``The expenses of the Joint Committee shall be paid \1/2\ from the 
contingent fund of the Senate and \1/2\ from the contingent fund of the 
House of Representatives, upon vouchers signed by the Chairperson or 
the Vice Chairperson.''.

        TITLE II--WITHDRAWAL OF DELEGATIONS OF TRADE AUTHORITIES

SEC. 201. REPEAL OF BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
2132) is repealed.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Trade Act of 
1974 is amended by striking the item relating to section 122.
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 127(b) of the Trade Act of 1974 
(19 U.S.C. 2137(b)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph 
(A), by striking ``(and from any action under section 122(c))''.

SEC. 202. REPEAL OF AUTHORITY TO IMPOSE DUTIES IN RESPONSE TO 
              DISCRIMINATION BY FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

    (a) In General.--Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 
1338) is repealed.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 337(m) of the Tariff Act of 1930 
(19 U.S.C. 1337(m)) is amended by striking ``and sections 338 and 
340''.

SEC. 203. MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY TO TAKE ACTION IN RESPONSE TO 
              UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES.

    (a) Actions of Trade Representative.--Section 301(c) of the Trade 
Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2411(c)) is amended by adding at the end:
            ``(7) Any action taken by the Trade Representative under 
        this section shall be subject to the requirements of section 
        1001 of the Tariff Act of 1930.''.
    (b) Implementation of Actions.--Section 305(a) of the Trade Act of 
1974 (19 U.S.C. 2415(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``paragraph (2)'' and 
        inserting ``paragraphs (2) and (3)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) The Trade Representative may not implement any action 
        under section 301 unless there is enacted into law, in 
        accordance with section 1001 of the Tariff Act of 1930, a joint 
        resolution approving the action.''.
    (c) Modification and Termination of Actions.--Section 307 of the 
Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2417) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 307. MODIFICATION AND TERMINATION OF ACTIONS.

    ``(a) In General.--Subject to the requirements of section 1001 of 
the Tariff Act of 1930, the Trade Representative may modify or 
terminate any action, subject to the specific direction, if any, of the 
President with respect to such action, that is being taken under 
section 301 if--
            ``(1) any of the conditions described in section 301(a)(2) 
        exist;
            ``(2) the burden or restriction on United States commerce 
        of the denial rights, or of the acts, policies, and practices, 
        that are the subject of such action has increased or decreased; 
        or
            ``(3) such action is being taken under section 301(b) and 
        is no longer appropriate.
    ``(b) Consultation Requirement.--Before taking any action under 
subsection (a) to modify or terminate any action taken under section 
301, the Trade Representative shall consult with the petitioner, if 
any, and with representatives of the domestic industry concerned, and 
shall provide opportunity for the presentation of views by other 
interested persons affected by the proposed modification or termination 
concerning the effects of the modification or termination and whether 
any modification or termination of the action is appropriate.''.

SEC. 204. MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY TO TAKE ACTION IN RESPONSE TO 
              THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY.

    Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1862) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``the 
                        President shall--'' and all that follows 
                        through the period and inserting ``the 
                        President shall determine whether the President 
                        concurs with the finding of the Secretary.''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 
                        as follows:
    ``(B) If the President concurs under subparagraph (A) with the 
finding of the Secretary with respect to an article, the President 
shall--
            ``(i) determine the nature and duration of the action that, 
        in the judgment of the President, must be taken to adjust the 
        imports of the article and its derivatives so that such imports 
        will not threaten to impair the national security; and
            ``(ii) not later than 15 days the date on which the 
        President makes a determination under clause (i) and in 
        accordance with section 1001 of the Tariff Act of 1930, submit 
        to Congress a proposal for action and a written statement 
        supporting the determination of the President.
    ``(C) If the President does not concur under subparagraph (A) with 
the finding of the Secretary, the President shall, not later than 30 
days after the date on which the President makes a determination under 
subparagraph (A), submit to the Congress a written statement supporting 
the determination of the President.'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2);
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph 
                (2); and
                    (D) in paragraph (2)(A)(ii), as so redesignated--
                            (i) in subclause (I), by striking 
                        ``paragraph (1)(A)'' and inserting ``paragraph 
                        (1)(B)''; and
                            (ii) in the matter following subclause 
                        (II), by striking ``the President shall take'' 
                        and inserting ``the President shall, subject to 
                        the requirements of section 1001 of the Tariff 
                        Act of 1930, take'';
            (2) by redesignating the second subsection (d) as 
        subsection (e);
            (3) in subsection (e), as so redesignated, by amending 
        paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) A report submitted under paragraph (1) shall include 
        the written statement supporting the determination of the 
        President described in subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection 
        (c)(1).''; and
            (4) by striking subsection (f).

SEC. 205. MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY TO TAKE ACTION IN RESPONSE TO 
              IMPORT COMPETITION.

    (a) Action To Facilitate Positive Adjustment to Import 
Competition.--Section 201(a) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
2251(a)) is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``Presidential Action'' and 
        inserting ``Proposed Action''; and
            (2) by striking ``, shall take all appropriate and feasible 
        action within his power'' and inserting ``and subject to the 
        requirements of section 1001 of the Tariff Act of 1930, shall 
        propose any appropriate and feasible action''.
    (b) Provisional Relief.--Section 202 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 
U.S.C. 2252) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)(4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by amending clause (ii) to read as 
                        follows:
                            ``(ii) in the case of an action described 
                        in subparagraph (A) or (C) of section 
                        203(a)(3), a joint resolution approving the 
                        action is enacted into law in accordance with 
                        section 1001 of the Tariff Act of 1930;'';
                            (ii) in clause (iii), by striking ``take'' 
                        and inserting ``propose''; and
                            (iii) in cause (iv), by striking 
                        ``whenever'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``proclaimed 
                under section 203'' and inserting ``proposed under 
                section 203, and with respect to which a joint 
                resolution of approval is enacted into law, in 
                accordance with section 1001 of the Tariff Act of 
                1930,''; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``proclaimed 
                under section 203 regarding such article'' and 
                inserting ``proposed under section 203 regarding such 
                article (or such an increase or imposition is proposed, 
                but a joint resolution approving the increase or 
                imposition is not enacted in accordance with section 
                1001 of the Tariff Act of 1930)'';
            (2) in subsection (e)(4)(A), by striking ``initiate'' and 
        inserting ``propose to initiate''; and
            (3) in subsection (h)(2)--
                    (A) by striking ``take action'' and inserting 
                ``propose action''; and
                    (B) by striking ``section 203(e)(7)'' and inserting 
                ``section 203(d)(7)''.
    (c) Determination of Import Injury.--Section 203 of the Trade Act 
of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2253) is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``action by president'' and 
        inserting ``proposed action'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``take 
                        all appropriate and feasible action within his 
                        power'' and inserting ``propose, pursuant to 
                        the requirements of section 1001 of the Tariff 
                        Act of 1930, all appropriate and feasible 
                        action'';
                            (ii) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 
                        as follows:
                    ``(B) Any action proposed by the President under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the limitations 
                described in subsection (d).''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``take'' and inserting ``propose'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``to take'' and inserting ``to 
                        propose'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``actions authorized under'' and inserting 
                        ``actions described in''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
                        ``actions authorized under'' and inserting 
                        ``actions described in'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A)--
                                    (I) by striking ``taking action'' 
                                and inserting ``proposing an action''; 
                                and
                                    (II) by striking ``paragraph (1)--
                                '' and inserting ``paragraph (1) 
                                consider--'';
                            (ii) by striking ``proclaim'' each place it 
                        appears;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``implement'' and inserting ``implementing'';
                            (iv) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
                        ``negotiate, conclude, and carry out'' and 
                        inserting ``negotiating, concluding, and 
                        carrying out'';
                            (v) in subparagraph (G), by striking 
                        ``initiate'' and inserting ``initiating'';
                            (vi) by striking subparagraph (H);
                            (vii) by redesignating subparagraphs (I) 
                        and (J) as subparagraphs (H) and (I), 
                        respectively;
                            (viii) in subparagraph (H), as so 
                        redesignated--
                                    (I) by striking ``take'' and 
                                inserting ``proposing''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``which may be 
                                taken by the President under the 
                                authority of law and''; and
                            (ix) in subparagraph (I), as so 
                        redesignated--
                                    (I) by striking ``take'' and 
                                inserting ``proposing''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``subparagraphs 
                                (A) through (I)'' and inserting 
                                ``subparagraphs (A) through (H)''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``take 
                        action'' and inserting ``propose action''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by striking ``take action'' and 
                                inserting ``propose action''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``taken later'' 
                                and inserting ``proposed later'';
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``takes action'' and 
                        inserting ``proposes action'';
                            (ii) by striking ``the action and the 
                        reasons for taking the action'' and inserting 
                        ``the proposed action and the reasons for the 
                        proposed action''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``the action taken'' and 
                        inserting ``the action proposed'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``to take'' and 
                inserting ``to propose''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by striking ``takes any action'' and 
                        inserting ``proposes any action''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the action being taken'' 
                        and inserting ``the action being proposed'';
            (4) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``action taken'' 
                and inserting ``action proposed''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``will be taken'' and 
                        inserting ``will be proposed''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``(as provided in 
                        subsection (d)(2))'';
            (5) by striking subsection (d);
            (6) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (d);
            (7) in subsection (d), as so redesignated--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), in the first 
                        sentence, by striking ``action taken'' and 
                        inserting ``action proposed''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``may 
                        extend'' and inserting ``may propose 
                        extending'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``taken under'' 
                and inserting ``proposed under'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``taken'' each 
                place it appears and inserting ``proposed'';
                    (D) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) by striking ``action taken'' and 
                        inserting ``action proposed''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``proclaiming'' and 
                        inserting ``regarding'';
                    (E) in paragraph (6)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), in the matter 
                        preceding clause (i), by striking ``action 
                        taken'' and inserting ``action proposed''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``proclamation'' and inserting ``proposal''; 
                        and
                    (F) in paragraph (7)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), in the matter 
                        preceding clause (i), by striking ``may be 
                        taken'' and inserting ``may be proposed''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding clause 
                                (i), by striking ``may take'' and 
                                inserting ``may propose''; and
                                    (II) in clause (ii), by striking 
                                ``been taken'' and inserting ``been 
                                proposed'';
            (8) by striking subsection (f);
            (9) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (e); and
            (10) in subsection (e), as so redesignated--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (2); and
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph 
                (2).

                        TITLE III--OTHER MATTERS

SEC. 301. REQUIREMENT THAT ANY TRADE AGREEMENT THAT BINDS THE UNITED 
              STATES FIRST BE APPROVED BY LAW.

    (a) In General.--Title I of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2111 
et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

                       ``CHAPTER 9--OTHER MATTERS

``SEC. 191. APPROVAL BY LAW OF TRADE AGREEMENTS THAT BIND THE UNITED 
              STATES.

    ``(a) In General.--No trade agreement that binds the United States 
shall have force or effect until the agreement is approved by an Act of 
Congress.
    ``(b) Trade Agreement That Binds the United States Defined.--In 
this section, the term `trade agreement that binds the United States' 
means an agreement concerning international trade in goods or services, 
compliance with which would require the United States to change or 
maintain current law.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Trade Act of 
1974 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 182 the 
following:

                      ``Chapter 9--Other Matters''

``Sec. 191. Approval by law of trade agreements that bind the United 
                            States.''.

SEC. 302. ESTABLISHMENT OF OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE 
              REPRESENTATIVE OUTSIDE THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE 
              PRESIDENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 141(a) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
2171(a)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(a) There is established an agency, to be known as the `Office of 
the United States Trade Representative' (in this section referred to as 
the `Office'), which shall be under the general direction and 
supervision of the President and shall not be affiliated with or be 
within any other agency or department of the Federal Government.''.
    (b) Officials of the Office of the United States Trade 
Representative.--Section 141(b) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
2171(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), in the third sentence--
                    (A) by striking ``shall hold office at the pleasure 
                of the President,''; and
                    (B) by striking ``mission, and'' and inserting 
                ``mission and''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), in the third sentence, by striking 
        ``shall hold office at the pleasure of the President and''.

SEC. 303. ESTABLISHMENT OF INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE OFFICE OF THE 
              UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 401 of title 5, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``or the National 
        Reconnaissance Office,'' and inserting ``the National 
        Reconnaissance Office, or the Office of the United States Trade 
        Representative,''; and
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``or the Director of the 
        National Reconnaissance Office;'' and inserting ``the Director 
        of the National Reconnaissance Office; or the United States 
        Trade Representative;''.
    (b) Appointment of Inspector General.--Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall 
appoint an individual to serve as the Inspector General of the Office 
for the United States Trade Representative in accordance with section 
403(a) of title 5, United States Code.
                                 <all>