[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 4218 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

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119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 4218

 To amend title 38, United States Code, to address appraisal fees for 
housing loans guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, and for 
                            other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             March 26, 2026

 Ms. Duckworth (for herself, Mr. Sheehy, and Mr. Banks) introduced the 
 following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 
                           Veterans' Affairs

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To amend title 38, United States Code, to address appraisal fees for 
housing loans guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, and for 
                            other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``VA Appraisal Modernization Act''.

SEC. 2. APPRAISAL FEES FOR DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS HOME LOANS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 37 of title 38, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after section 3731 the following new section:
``Sec. 3731A. Appraisal fees
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Appraisal fee.--The term `appraisal fee' means the 
        compensation paid to an appraiser for conducting an appraisal 
        of property in connection with a loan guaranteed, insured, or 
        made under this chapter.
            ``(2) High-demand county.--The term `high-demand county' 
        means a county designated as a high-demand county under 
        subsection (c).
            ``(3) Remote county.--The term `remote county' means a 
        county designated as a remote county under subsection (c).
    ``(b) Annual Inflation Adjustment.--
            ``(1) Baseline.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of the VA Appraisal Modernization Act, the 
        Secretary shall establish appraisal fees for purposes of this 
        chapter.
            ``(2) Adjustment.--On January 1, 2027, and annually 
        thereafter, the Secretary shall adjust the appraisal fees 
        established under paragraph (1) to reflect the percentage of 
        the increase, if any, in the purchase price of homes during the 
        previous year, as determined by the quarterly purchase-only 
        House Price Index published by the Federal Housing Finance 
        Agency, rounded to the nearest $25.
            ``(3) Publication; notice.--The Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) publish the appraisal fees established under 
                this subsection on the publicly available website of 
                the Department of Veterans Affairs; and
                    ``(B) directly notify the appraisers on the list 
                developed and maintained under section 3731(a)(3) of 
                this title of such fees.
    ``(c) Designation of High-Demand Counties and Remote Counties.--
            ``(1) High-demand counties.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall designate a 
                county as a high-demand county for purposes of this 
                section if--
                            ``(i) during the 90-day period preceding 
                        the date on which the designation is made--
                                    ``(I) the average time to complete 
                                an appraisal in the county exceeded the 
                                timeliness standard established under 
                                section 3731 of this title by more than 
                                three business days; or
                                    ``(II) more than 15 percent of 
                                appraisal assignments in the county 
                                were unassigned for five or more 
                                business days due to insufficient 
                                appraiser availability; or
                            ``(ii) the Secretary determines, based on 
                        data analysis and market conditions, that 
                        demand for appraisals in the county 
                        substantially exceeds available appraiser 
                        capacity.
                    ``(B) List; updates.--The Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) maintain a list of high-demand 
                        counties designated under subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) on a quarterly basis, review and 
                        update such list.
            ``(2) Remote counties.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall designate a 
                county as a remote county for purposes of this section 
                if--
                            ``(i) there are fewer than five appraisers 
                        on the list developed and maintained under 
                        section 3731(a)(3) of this title within 30 
                        miles of the county's geographic center;
                            ``(ii) the average distance traveled by an 
                        appraiser to complete an assignment in the 
                        county is greater than 40 miles one way; or
                            ``(iii) the Secretary determines that the 
                        county is characterized by low appraiser 
                        density relative to loan volume.
                    ``(B) List; updates.--The Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) maintain a list of remote counties 
                        designated under subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) on a quarterly basis, review and 
                        update such list.
    ``(d) Appraisal Fees in High-Demand Counties.--
            ``(1) In general.--On January 1, 2027, and annually 
        thereafter, the Secretary shall increase the appraisal fee for 
        appraisals made in high-demand counties to not less than 125 
        percent of the appraisal fee established under subsection (b).
            ``(2) Increase.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary may increase the appraisal fee for appraisals made in 
        a high-demand county to not more than 150 percent of the 
        appraisal fee established under subsection (b) if the county 
        has been designated as a high-demand county for four quarters 
        or more.
    ``(e) Mileage Reimbursement.--
            ``(1) In general.--For any appraisal made for purposes of 
        this chapter in a high-demand county or remote county, the 
        Secretary shall reimburse the appraiser for mileage at the rate 
        prescribed by the Administrator of General Services under 
        section 5707(b) of title 5 for use on official business of 
        privately owned automobiles.
            ``(2) Mileage.--In this subsection, the term `mileage' 
        means the round trip distance in miles between the appraiser's 
        place of business and the subject property.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of 
such chapter is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
3731 the following new item:

``3731A. Appraisal fees.''.

SEC. 3. REPORT AND STUDY.

    (a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall submit 
to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and 
Means of the House of Representatives a report that includes the 
following:
            (1) An estimation of--
                    (A) the effects of section 3731A of title 38, 
                United States Code, as added by section 2, on 
                government expenditures over time;
                    (B) the impact of such section on the number of 
                appraisers who join the appraisal network of the 
                Department of Veterans Affairs;
                    (C) the impact of such section on completion times 
                for appraisals in high-demand counties; and
                    (D) the impact of such section on the use of 
                housing loans guaranteed, insured, or made under 
                chapter 37 of title 38, United States Code.
            (2) Recommendations to prevent fraud, waste, and abuse in 
        the implementation of such section.
    (b) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall--
            (1) conduct on a study on the feasibility and advisability 
        of--
                    (A) procuring contracts for home appraisers in 
                areas where supply cannot meet demand; and
                    (B) restructuring the appraisal process of the 
                Department of Veterans Affairs to more closely mirror 
                the appraisal process for loans insured by the Federal 
                Housing Administration; and
            (2) submit to Congress, and make publicly available, a 
        report on the results of such study.
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