119 S2657 RS: Severing Technology Transfer Operations and Partnerships between China and Russia Act of 2025
U.S. Senate
2025-10-30
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
II
Calendar No. 241
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 2657
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
August 1, 2025
Mrs. Shaheen (for herself and Mr. Cornyn) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations
October 30, 2025
Reported by Mr. Risch, with an amendment
Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic
A BILL
To impose sanctions relating to the support of the People’s Republic of China for the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, and for other purposes.
1.

Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Severing Technology Transfer Operations and Partnerships between China and Russia Act of 2025” or the “STOP China and Russia Act of 2025”.
2.

Definitions
In this Act:
(1)

Admission; admitted; alien; etc
The terms “admission”, “admitted”, “alien”, “lawfully admitted for permanent residence”, and “national” have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).
(2)

Appropriate congressional committees
The term appropriate congressional committees means—
(A)
the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
(B)
the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.
(3)

PRC person
The term PRC person means—
(A)
an individual who is a citizen or national of the People's Republic of China; or
(B)
an entity that—
(i)
is located or headquartered within the People's Republic of China; or
(ii)
is organized under the law of, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, the People’s Republic of China.
(4)

Foreign person
The term foreign person means any person that is not a United States person.
(5)

Knowingly
The term knowingly, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result (as the case may be).
(6)

Person
The term person means an individual or entity.
(7)

United states person
The term United States person means—
(A)
a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States;
(B)
an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; or
(C)
any person in the United States.
3.

Findings; sense of Congress
(a)

Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
(1)
Between June 28, 2022, and January 15, 2025, with strong bipartisan support, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury and the Department of State designated, for the imposition of sanctions, a wide range of entities and individuals based in the People’s Republic of China that have been involved in supplying goods to Russian entities responsible for developing, producing, and supplying items critical to the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation. Those designations targeted, among other entities, producers and exporters of computer numerical control items, electro-optical equipment, radar components, satellite imagery, aviation components, chemical ingredients in Russian explosives, and other defense and dual-use equipment and technology critical to the Russian Federation's defense industrial base.
(2)
Entities and individuals based in the People’s Republic of China continue to evade United States sanctions to provide material support to the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation.
(3)
Under Executive Order 13959 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; related to addressing the threat from securities investments that finance Communist Chinese military companies), the President found that the People’s Republic of China “increases the size of the country’s military-industrial complex by compelling civilian Chinese companies to support its military and intelligence activities. Those companies, though remaining ostensibly private and civilian, directly support the PRC’s military, intelligence, and security apparatuses and aid in their development and modernization.”.
(4)
Ongoing support for the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation by the People’s Republic of China requires concerted action by the Department of the Treasury and the Department of State to protect the national security of the United States.
(b)

Sense of Congress
It is the sense of Congress that—
(1)
the Russian Federation’s continued invasion of Ukraine is directly enabled by the ongoing support of the People’s Republic of China for the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation; and
(2)
in response, and to impede the support of the People’s Republic of China for the Russian Federation’s war against Ukraine, the President should—
(A)
cut off financing avenues for entities in the People’s Republic of China that are providing material support to the defense and related sectors of the economy of the Russian Federation;
(B)
impose sanctions with respect to entities and individuals in the People’s Republic of China involved in the export of weapons and dual-use technology to the Russian Federation;
(C)
determine whether the United States should impose sanctions with respect to major arms exporters in the People's Republic of China for aiding the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation; and
(D)
develop a strategy to coordinate with allies and partners of the United States to deter and undermine the ongoing support of the People's Republic of China for the Russian Federation’s war in Ukraine.
4.

Imposition of sanctions relating to support by the People’s Republic of China for the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation
(a)

In general
On and after the date that is 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person the President determines—
(1)
is a PRC person or is under the control of a PRC person; and
(2)
that knowingly sells, leases, provides, or facilitates selling, leasing, or providing, goods or services to or for the ultimate use by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation or the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation, including—
(A)
computer numerical control tools and associated machinery, software, and maintenance or upgrade services;
(B)
lubricant additives;
(C)
nitrocellulose, wood cellulose, and associated additives and components necessary for the production of propellant or energetics for munitions;
(D)
chemical coatings;
(E)
fiber optic cables with military applications and associated technologies needed to manufacture such cables; or
(F)
advanced sensors.
(b)

Sanctions described
(1)

Property blocking
The President shall exercise all of the powers granted by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a foreign person described in subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(2)

Aliens inadmissible for visas, admission, or parole
(A)

In general
In the case of an alien described in subsection (a), the alien is—
(i)
inadmissible to the United States;
(ii)
ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii)
otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(B)

Current visas revoked
(i)

In general
The visa or other entry documentation of an alien described in subsection (a) shall be revoked, regardless of when such visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.
(ii)

Immediate effect
A revocation under clause (i) shall—
(I)
take effect immediately; and
(II)
automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien’s possession.
(c)

Implementation; penalties
(1)

Implementation
The President may exercise the authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to the extent necessary to carry out this Act.
(2)

Regulations
The President shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as are necessary to carry out this Act.
(3)

Penalties
The penalties provided for in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to any person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this section, or any license, order, regulation, or prohibition issued under this section, to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in section 206(a) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1705(a)).
(d)

Exceptions
(1)

Exception for intelligence and law enforcement actions
Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to—
(A)
any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.); or
(B)
any authorized intelligence or law enforcement activities of the United States.
(2)

Exception to comply with international obligations
Sanctions under this section shall not apply to the admission or parole of an alien into the United States if such admission or parole is necessary to comply with United States obligations under the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, or under the Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967, or other international obligations.
(3)

Exception relating to importation of goods
(A)

In general
The authorities and requirements to impose sanctions authorized under this section shall not include the authority or requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
(B)

Good defined
In this paragraph, the term good means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.
(e)

Waiver
The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a foreign person for renewable periods of not more than 90 days each if the President determines and reports to Congress that such a waiver is in the national interests of the United States.
5.

Determination of sanctions on arms manufacturers of the People’s Republic of China engaged in weapons sales to the Russian Federation
(a)

Determination
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall, with respect to each entity specified in subsection (b)—
(1)
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a determination of whether the entity engages in activities described in subsection (c); and
(2)
if the President determines the entity engages in such activities, impose the sanctions described in section 4(b) with respect to the entity.
(b)

Entities specified
The entities specified in this subsection are the following:
(1)
China North Industries Group Corporation.
(2)
Aviation Industry Corporation of China.
(3)
China Electronics Technology Group Corporation.
(4)
China South Industries Group Corporation.
(5)
China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation.
(6)
China General Nuclear Power Group.
(7)
China National Nuclear Corporation.
(8)
China State Shipbuilding Corporation.
(c)

Activities described
The activities described in this subsection are providing, selling, transporting, or facilitating the sale or transport of—
(1)
arms, weapons, weapons systems, or component parts for such arms, weapons, or weapons systems, to any entity in the Russian Federation or for ultimate use by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; or
(2)
any goods described in section 4(a)(2).
6.

Strategy to coordinate with allies and partners to deter and undermine ongoing support of the People's Republic of China for the Russian Federation’s war in Ukraine
(a)

Strategy required
(1)

In general
Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy to engage with allies and partners of the United States with respect to the development of coordinated diplomatic, sanctions, export control, and other actions to deter and undermine the ongoing support of the People's Republic of China for the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation.
(2)

Elements
The strategy required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:
(A)
A diplomatic plan entailing regular and intensive United States engagement with allies and partners of the United States, including the European Union and its member states, the United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand, regarding coordinated sanctions and export control actions designed to deter and undermine the ongoing support of the People's Republic of China for the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation.
(B)
A plan to engage in concert with allies and partners of the United States, collectively and individually, and, as appropriate, with financial institutions, financial regulators, and private sector entities, regarding compliance with existing and future sanctions and export controls designed to deter and undermine the ongoing support of the People's Republic of China for the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation.
(b)

Progress reports
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the progress of implementation of the strategy required by subsection (a) that includes an assessment of the efficacy of the strategy in deterring and undermining the ongoing support of the People's Republic of China for the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation.
(c)

Form
The strategy required by subsection (a), and each report required by subsection (b), shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
1.

Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Severing Technology Transfer Operations and Partnerships between China and Russia Act of 2025” or the “STOP China and Russia Act of 2025”.
2.

Definitions
In this Act:
(1)

Admission; admitted; alien; etc
The terms “admission”, “admitted”, “alien”, “lawfully admitted for permanent residence”, and “national” have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).
(2)

Appropriate congressional committees
The term appropriate congressional committees means—
(A)
the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
(B)
the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.
(3)

Foreign person
The term foreign person means any person that is not a United States person.
(4)

Knowingly
The term knowingly, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result (as the case may be).
(5)

Person
The term person means an individual or entity.
(6)

PRC person
The term PRC person means—
(A)
an individual who is a citizen or national of the People's Republic of China; or
(B)
an entity that—
(i)
is located or headquartered within the People's Republic of China; or
(ii)
is organized under the laws of, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, the People’s Republic of China.
(7)

Russian Federation person
The term Russian Federation person means—
(A)
an individual who is a citizen or national of the Russian Federation; or
(B)
an entity that—
(i)
is located or headquartered within the Russian Federation; or
(ii)
is organized under the laws of, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, the Russian Federation.
(8)

United states person
The term United States person means—
(A)
a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States;
(B)
an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; or
(C)
any person in the United States.
3.

Findings; sense of Congress
(a)

Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
(1)
Between June 28, 2022, and January 15, 2025, with strong bipartisan support, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury and the Department of State designated, for the imposition of sanctions, a wide range of entities and individuals based in the People’s Republic of China that have been involved in supplying goods to Russian entities responsible for developing, producing, and supplying items critical to the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation. Those designations targeted, among other entities, producers and exporters of computer numerical control items, electro-optical equipment, radar components, satellite imagery, aviation components, chemical ingredients in Russian explosives, and other defense and dual-use equipment and technology critical to the Russian Federation's defense industrial base.
(2)
Entities and individuals based in the People’s Republic of China continue to evade United States sanctions to provide material support to the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation.
(3)
Under Executive Order 13959 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; related to addressing the threat from securities investments that finance Communist Chinese military companies), the President found that the People’s Republic of China “increases the size of the country’s military-industrial complex by compelling civilian Chinese companies to support its military and intelligence activities. Those companies, though remaining ostensibly private and civilian, directly support the PRC’s military, intelligence, and security apparatuses and aid in their development and modernization.”.
(4)
The President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping, directed the People’s Liberation Army in 2023 to be prepared to invade Taiwan militarily by 2027. According to public reporting in September 2025, the Russian Federation has agreed to supply the People’s Liberation Army with weapons, airborne equipment, and associated training that would demonstrably enhance the airborne capabilities of the People’s Liberation Army, which would be highly relevant for military operations in the Taiwan Strait.
(5)
According to those public reports, the Russian Federation agreed to supply the People’s Republic of China with amphibious assault vehicles, anti-tank self-propelled guns, airborne armored personnel carriers, command vehicles, and training for a battalion of paratroopers for the People’s Republic of China.
(b)

Sense of Congress
It is the sense of Congress that—
(1)
the Russian Federation’s continued invasion of Ukraine is directly enabled by the ongoing support of the People’s Republic of China for the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation;
(2)
in response, and to impede the support of the People’s Republic of China for the Russian Federation’s war against Ukraine, the President should—
(A)
cut off financing avenues for entities in the People’s Republic of China that are providing material support to the defense and related sectors of the economy of the Russian Federation;
(B)
impose sanctions with respect to entities and individuals in the People’s Republic of China involved in the export of weapons or dual-use technology to the Russian Federation;
(C)
determine whether the United States should impose sanctions with respect to major arms exporters in the People's Republic of China for aiding the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation; and
(D)
develop a strategy to coordinate with allies and partners of the United States to deter and undermine the ongoing support of the People's Republic of China for the Russian Federation’s war in Ukraine;
(3)
the Russian Federation’s ongoing support to enhance the capabilities of the People's Republic of China relevant for military operations in the Taiwan Strait requires concerted and immediate action by the Department of the Treasury and the Department of State to protect the national security of the United States; and
(4)
in response, the President of the United States should impose sanctions with respect to PRC persons and Russian Federation persons involved in the supply or procurement of equipment, weapons, or training from the Russian Federation that enhances the People's Liberation Army’s capabilities for military operations in the Taiwan Strait.
4.

Imposition of sanctions relating to mutual military support between the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation
(a)

In general
On and after the date that is 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person the President determines—
(1)
is a PRC person, under the control of a PRC person, a Russian Federation person, or under the control of a Russian Federation person; and
(2)
(A)
knowingly sells, leases, provides, or facilitates selling, leasing, or providing, goods or services from the People's Republic of China to or for the ultimate use by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation or the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation, including—
(i)
computer numerical control tools and associated machinery, software, and maintenance or upgrade services;
(ii)
lubricant additives;
(iii)
nitrocellulose, wood cellulose, and associated additives and components necessary for the production of propellant or energetics for munitions;
(iv)
chemical coatings;
(v)
fiber optic cables with military applications and associated technologies needed to manufacture such cables; or
(vi)
advanced sensors;
(B)
knowingly procures or facilitates the procurement of arms, weapons, weapons systems, training, or component parts for such arms, weapons, or weapons systems, to any Russian Federation person or for ultimate use by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; or
(C)
knowingly procures or facilitates the procurement of arms, weapons, weapons systems, training, or component parts for such arms, weapons, or weapons systems, from the Russian Federation that enhance the capabilities of the People’s Liberation Army for military operations in the Taiwan Strait.
(b)

Sanctions described
(1)

Property blocking
The President shall exercise all of the powers granted by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a foreign person described in subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(2)

Aliens inadmissible for visas, admission, or parole
(A)

In general
In the case of an alien described in subsection (a), the alien is—
(i)
inadmissible to the United States;
(ii)
ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii)
otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(B)

Current visas revoked
(i)

In general
The visa or other entry documentation of an alien described in subsection (a) shall be revoked, regardless of when such visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.
(ii)

Immediate effect
A revocation under clause (i) shall—
(I)
take effect immediately; and
(II)
automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien’s possession.
(c)

Implementation; penalties
(1)

Implementation
The President may exercise the authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to the extent necessary to carry out this Act.
(2)

Regulations
The President shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as are necessary to carry out this Act.
(3)

Penalties
The penalties provided for in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to any person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this section, or any license, order, regulation, or prohibition issued under this section, to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person that commits an unlawful act described in section 206(a) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1705(a)).
(d)

Exceptions
(1)

Exception for intelligence and law enforcement actions
Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to—
(A)
any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.); or
(B)
any authorized intelligence or law enforcement activities of the United States.
(2)

Exception to comply with international obligations
Sanctions under this section shall not apply to the admission or parole of an alien into the United States if such admission or parole is necessary to comply with United States obligations under the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, or under the Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967, or other international obligations.
(3)

Exception relating to importation of goods
(A)

In general
The authorities and requirements to impose sanctions authorized under this section shall not include the authority or requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
(B)

Good defined
In this paragraph, the term good means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.
(e)

Waiver
The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a foreign person for renewable periods of not more than 90 days each if the President determines and reports to the appropriate congressional committees that such a waiver is in the national interests of the United States.
(f)

Termination of sanctions; sunset
(1)

Termination of sanctions
The President may terminate the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a foreign person if the President determines and reports to the appropriate congressional committees not later than 15 days before the termination of the sanctions that—
(A)
the foreign person is not engaging in the activity that was the basis for the sanctions or has taken significant verifiable steps toward stopping the activity; and
(B)
the President has received reliable assurances that the foreign person will not knowingly engage in activity subject to sanctions under this section in the future.
(2)

Sunset
This section, and any sanctions imposed under this section, shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
5.

Strategy to coordinate with allies and partners to deter and undermine ongoing mutual military support between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation
(a)

Strategy required
(1)

In general
Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy to engage with allies and partners of the United States with respect to the development of coordinated diplomatic, sanctions, export control, and other actions to deter and undermine—
(A)
the ongoing support of the People’s Republic of China for the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation; and
(B)
the ongoing support of the Russian Federation for the capabilities of the People's Republic of China for military operations in the Taiwan Strait.
(2)

Elements
The strategy required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:
(A)
A diplomatic plan entailing regular and intensive United States engagement with allies and partners of the United States, including the European Union and its member states, the United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, regarding coordinated sanctions and export control actions designed to deter and undermine support described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1).
(B)
A plan to engage, in concert with allies and partners of the United States, collectively and individually, and, as appropriate, with financial institutions, financial regulators, and private sector entities, regarding compliance with existing and future sanctions and export controls designed to deter and undermine such support.
(b)

Progress reports
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the progress of implementation of the strategy required by subsection (a) that includes an assessment of the efficacy of the strategy in deterring and undermining support described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1).
(c)

Form
The strategy required by subsection (a), and each report required by subsection (b), shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
October 30, 2025
Reported with an amendment