[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 9535 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>






119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 9535

  To modernize the process for the admission of H-2A workers, and for 
                            other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             June 30, 2026

Mr. Thompson of Pennsylvania (for himself, Mr. Davis of North Carolina, 
Mr. Newhouse, Mr. Riley of New York, Mr. Simpson, Mr. Vicente Gonzalez 
of Texas, Mr. Feenstra, Mr. Rouzer, Mr. Kelly of Mississippi, Ms. De La 
Cruz, Ms. Maloy, Mr. Zinke, Mr. Langworthy, Mr. Baird, Mr. Smucker, Mr. 
Sessions, Mrs. Fedorchak, Ms. Tenney, Mr. Rogers of Alabama, Mr. Kelly 
of Pennsylvania, Mr. Meuser, Mr. Moolenaar, Mr. Evans of Colorado, Mr. 
 Wilson of South Carolina, Mr. Wittman, Mr. Kustoff, Mr. Edwards, Ms. 
 Lee of Florida, Mr. Taylor, Mr. Allen, Mrs. Fischbach, Mr. Huizenga, 
 Mr. Guthrie, Mr. Van Orden, Mr. Bacon, Mr. Flood, Mr. Austin Scott of 
Georgia, Mr. Finstad, Ms. Salazar, Mr. Bentz, Mr. Valadao, Mr. McCaul, 
 Mr. Bost, Mr. Messmer, Mr. Downing, Mrs. Miller-Meeks, Mr. Jack, Mr. 
LaHood, Mr. Moore of North Carolina, and Ms. Goodlander) introduced the 
  following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To modernize the process for the admission of H-2A workers, and for 
                            other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Securing Agriculture's Workforce Act 
of 2026''.

SEC. 2. MODERNIZING THE H-2A VISA PROGRAM FOR NON-IMMIGRANT 
              AGRICULTURAL LABOR.

    Section 218 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1188) 
is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Attorney General'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``(1)A petition'' and inserting ``A 
                petition'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2); and
                    (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
                paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively;
            (3) in subsection (b)(4)--
                    (A) by striking ``within a multi-state region of 
                traditional or expected labor supply where the 
                Secretary finds'' and inserting ``and'';
                    (B) by striking the second sentence; and
                    (C) by striking ``terminate on the date the H-2A 
                workers depart for the employer's place of employment'' 
                and inserting ``begin on the date the job opportunity 
                is posted on the electronic job registry maintained by 
                the Secretary under this section and terminate on the 
                date on which the final H-2A worker whose position is 
                covered by a petition approved in connection with a 
                labor certification departs for the employer's place of 
                employment'';
            (4) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``in 
                        writing''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``for 
                        the prompt resubmission of a modified 
                        application'' and inserting ``to submit a 
                        modified application within 7 days of the date 
                        of receipt of such notice'';
                    (B) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) Issuance of certification.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary of Labor shall 
                make, not later than 30 days before the date such labor 
                or services are first required to be performed, the 
                certification described in subsection (a)(1) if--
                            ``(i) the employer has complied with the 
                        criteria for certification (including criteria 
                        for the recruitment of eligible individuals as 
                        prescribed by the Secretary); and
                            ``(ii) the employer does not actually have, 
                        or has not been provided with referrals of, a 
                        sufficient number of qualified eligible 
                        individuals who have indicated their 
                        availability to perform such labor or services 
                        on the terms and conditions of a job offer 
                        which meets the requirements of the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Job qualifications.--An employer may 
                establish specific qualifications in a job offer that 
                are normal and accepted qualifications required by non-
                H-2A-employers in the same or comparable occupations 
                and crops.
                    ``(C) Duration.--The Secretary of Labor may issue 
                labor certifications under this paragraph that are 
                valid for up to three consecutive years from the date 
                of certification.'';
                    (C) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
            ``(4) Housing.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An employer employing H-2A 
                workers under this section shall provide housing to 
                such workers in accordance with this paragraph.
                    ``(B) Rulemaking.--The Secretary of Labor shall 
                make rules to ensure that housing provided under this 
                paragraph meets applicable local standards (or the 
                applicable alternate standards under subparagraph (D)) 
                for rental, public accommodations, or other 
                substantially similar class of habitation, related to 
                essential health and safety.
                    ``(C) Duration.--The Secretary of Labor shall 
                inspect and certify housing provided to workers under 
                this section, which may be valid for a period of up to 
                3 years after the date of certification. The Secretary 
                of Labor may delegate authority to conduct housing 
                inspection to appropriate State agencies.
                    ``(D) Alternate standards.--
                            ``(i) Absence of local standards.--If no 
                        local standards described in subparagraph (B) 
                        exist, the Secretary shall ensure such housing 
                        meets applicable State standards related to 
                        essential health and safety.
                            ``(ii) Absence of state standards.--If no 
                        such State standards exist, the Secretary shall 
                        ensure that such housing meets applicable 
                        Federal standards related to essential health 
                        and safety.
                    ``(E) Provision expense.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary of Labor 
                        shall establish a maximum daily charge an 
                        employer may deduct from the wages of a worker 
                        for the provision of housing.
                            ``(ii) Calculation.--The maximum daily 
                        charge established under clause (i) shall be 
                        calculated by dividing--
                                    ``(I) the Statewide average of fair 
                                market rent for a 4-bedroom housing 
                                unit weighted by population, as 
                                determined by the Secretary of Labor, 
                                using data reported by the Department 
                                of Housing and Urban Development; by
                                    ``(II) 240.
                            ``(iii) Disclosure.--A job offer submitted 
                        in connection with a petition under subsection 
                        (a) shall clearly state the daily charge, if 
                        any, that will be applied to the wages of the 
                        H-2A worker for the provision of housing.''; 
                        and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Staggered entry and exit of workers.--The Secretary 
        of Homeland Security shall authorize an employer to stagger the 
        entry and exit of H-2A workers for a job offer submitted in 
        connection with a petition under subsection (a) with multiple 
        start or end dates, if--
                    ``(A) the employment is in the same occupational 
                classification, as determined by the Secretary of 
                Labor;
                    ``(B) no more than 180 days separate the first 
                start date and the final start date or the first end 
                date and last end date, listed in the job offer;
                    ``(C) the need for multiple dates arises from 
                variations in labor needs associated with the job offer 
                identified in the petition; and
                    ``(D) the employer will continue to accept 
                referrals of all eligible United States workers who 
                apply until the final H-2A worker whose position is 
                covered by the petition departs for the employer's 
                place of employment.
            ``(6) Subsequent employment of workers.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Beginning not earlier than 90 
                days before the end of the authorized period of 
                employment for H-2A workers, an employer seeking a 
                subsequent period of employment for such workers shall 
                post the job opportunity on the online job registry 
                created under this section, and may submit a petition 
                to the Secretary of Homeland Security for such 
                subsequent period of employment for such workers.
                    ``(B) Approval.--The Secretary of Homeland Security 
                shall approve a petition submitted under subparagraph 
                (A) unless--
                            ``(i) the employer makes a substantial 
                        change to the petition that was approved;
                            ``(ii) the requirements of this section are 
                        no longer met;
                            ``(iii) a condition in subsection (b) is 
                        met; or
                            ``(iv) the employer is found to be in 
                        substantial violation of this section.
                    ``(C) Recruitment.--The Secretary of Labor shall 
                prescribe criteria for recruitment of eligible 
                individuals for employers seeking a subsequent period 
                of employment of H-2A workers under this paragraph.'';
            (5) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by amending the heading to read as follows: 
                ``Roles of Agricultural Associations and Joint 
                Employers'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by amending the heading to read as 
                        follows ``Permitted filing''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``may be filed by'' and 
                        all that follows and inserting the following: 
                        ``may be filed by--
                    ``(A) an association (including a cooperative 
                association) of agricultural producers which use 
                agricultural labor or services;
                    ``(B) two or more employers that use agricultural 
                labor or services and that submit a joint application 
                for a labor certification; or
                    ``(C) other entities that use agricultural labor or 
                services and that submit a joint application for a 
                labor certification, as determined appropriate by the 
                Secretary of Labor, in consultation with the Secretary 
                of Homeland Security.'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking 
                        ``associations'' and inserting ``permitted 
                        filers'';
                            (ii) by striking ``If an association'' and 
                        inserting ``If a permitted filer under 
                        paragraph (1)'';
                            (iii) by striking ``the association'' and 
                        inserting ``such filer'';
                            (iv) by striking ``producer'' each place it 
                        appears; and
                            (v) by striking ``of a temporary or 
                        seasonal nature'' and inserting ``of a 
                        temporary nature'';
                    (D) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by amending the heading to read 
                                as follows: ``Individual violations'';
                                    (II) by striking ``producer member 
                                of a joint employer association'' and 
                                inserting ``member of a permitted 
                                filer''; and
                                    (III) by striking ``of the 
                                association unless the Secretary 
                                determines that the association'' and 
                                inserting ``unless the Secretary of 
                                Labor determines that the permitted 
                                filer''; and
                            (ii) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 
                        as follows:
                    ``(B) Permitted filer's violations.--If a permitted 
                filer is determined to have committed an act that under 
                subsection (b)(2) results in the denial of 
                certification with respect to the permitted filer, the 
                denial shall apply only to the permitted filer and does 
                not apply to any individual member of the permitted 
                filer unless the Secretary of Labor determines that the 
                member participated in, had knowledge of, or reason to 
                know of, the violation.''; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Minimum and maximum hours.--In the case of a 
        permitted filer under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) 
        there shall be no weekly minimum or maximum hours required for 
        each employer to employ an H-2A worker, except that each 
        employer shall employ such worker for at least one hour during 
        every 30-day period.'';
            (6) in subsection (h), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Special procedures.--The Secretary of Labor, in 
        consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture and the 
        Secretary of Homeland Security, may establish, by regulation, 
        alternate procedures that modify the requirements under this 
        section (including the requirements under subsection (c)(4) 
        (related to housing)) when the Secretary of Labor determines 
        that such a modification is necessary due to the unique nature 
        of the work involved, which may include herding, care, or 
        production of livestock on the range, commercial beekeeping, 
        and itinerant custom harvesting.
            ``(4) Heat illness prevention plan.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An employer that employs H-2A 
                workers under this section shall maintain a plan to 
                prevent heat illness for workers of that employer, 
                which plan shall include--
                            ``(i) prevention measures that are at least 
                        as protective as the applicable Federal and 
                        State requirements;
                            ``(ii) training for workers; and
                            ``(iii) protocols for--
                                    ``(I) workers' access to water and 
                                shade;
                                    ``(II) the provision of breaks; and
                                    ``(III) emergency response.
                    ``(B) Posting requirement.--An employer that 
                employs H-2A workers under this section shall make the 
                plan required under this paragraph available to 
                employees in English and, if a significant portion of 
                such workers are not fluent in English, in a language 
                that such workers understand, by--
                            ``(i) posting the plan in a conspicuous 
                        location at the worksite; and
                            ``(ii) making the plan available to such 
                        workers prior to the date on which they start 
                        work.
            ``(5) Force majeure termination.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If, before the expiration of the 
                period of employment specified in a work contract for 
                H-2A workers, the services of the workers are no longer 
                required due to any form of natural disaster, including 
                flood, hurricane, freeze, earthquake, fire, drought, 
                plant or animal disease, pest infestation, or any other 
                reason that the Secretary of Labor, in consultation 
                with the Secretary of Agriculture, determines is beyond 
                the control of the employer, the employer may terminate 
                the workers' employment.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--If a worker's employment is 
                terminated under subparagraph (A), the employer shall--
                            ``(i) make efforts to transfer the worker 
                        to other comparable employment permitted by the 
                        Secretary of Labor and acceptable to the 
                        worker; and
                            ``(ii) no later than 72 hours after 
                        termination, notify the Secretary of Labor and 
                        Secretary of Agriculture of such termination 
                        and state the nature of the contract 
                        impossibility.
            ``(6) Transfer of h-2a workers.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An H-2A worker may begin 
                employment with a new employer on the date that the 
                employer files a non-frivolous petition with the 
                Secretary of Homeland Security on behalf of such 
                worker.
                    ``(B) Eligible employer.--A transfer of an H-2A 
                worker under this paragraph may only occur between 
                agricultural employers that possess a valid labor 
                certification approved by the Secretary of Labor under 
                this section.
                    ``(C) Timing.--The H-2A worker shall be considered 
                authorized to be employed by the petitioning employer 
                until the earlier of the end date of the employment 
                contract pursuant to which the H-2A worker was working 
                prior to the transfer under this paragraph or the 
                receipt of a notice of denial for the petition.
                    ``(D) Petition denial or withdrawal.--If the 
                petition under subparagraph (A) is denied or withdrawn 
                the H-2A worker's employment authorization shall be 
                terminated and such worker shall voluntarily depart the 
                United States within 30 days after the date of denial 
                or withdrawal, unless such worker is employed by an H-
                2A employer prior to that date.
            ``(7) Waiver.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to the limitation in 
                this paragraph, the grounds of inadmissibility under 
                paragraphs (5)(A), (6)(A), (6)(C), (7), and (9)(B) of 
                section 212(a), and the grounds of deportability under 
                paragraphs (1)(A) (with respect to the grounds of 
                inadmissibility waived under this paragraph), (1)(B), 
                (1)(C)(i), and (3)(A) of section 237(a) shall be waived 
                with respect to conduct that occurred prior to the 
                alien first receiving status as an H-2A worker, for the 
                purpose of providing the alien with such status if the 
                alien is otherwise eligible.
                    ``(B) Limitations.--
                            ``(i) Alien.--An alien described in this 
                        paragraph is an alien who--
                                    ``(I) has voluntarily departed the 
                                country; or
                                    ``(II)(aa) was unlawfully present 
                                in the United States on May 31, 2026; 
                                and
                                    ``(bb) performed agricultural labor 
                                or services in the United States for at 
                                least 5.75 hours during each of at 
                                least 180 days during the 2-year period 
                                ending on the date of enactment of 
                                Securing Agriculture's Workforce Act of 
                                2026.
                            ``(ii) Conduct.--A waiver provided under 
                        this paragraph shall--
                                    ``(I) only apply to unlawful 
                                conduct that occurred in relation to 
                                obtaining employment performing 
                                agricultural labor or services, in the 
                                United States; and
                                    ``(II) not extend to conduct that 
                                occurred in pursuit of obtaining public 
                                benefits, as determined by the 
                                Secretary of Homeland Security.
            ``(8) Employer responsibilities and protections.--
                    ``(A) Record of employment.--An employer of an 
                alien seeking to establish their qualifications under 
                clause (ii) of paragraph (7)(B) and receive status as 
                an H-2A worker shall provide such alien with a written 
                record of employment upon the alien's request.
                    ``(B) Continuing employment.--It shall not be a 
                violation of section 274A(a)(2) for an employer to 
                continue to employ an alien described in paragraph 
                (7)(B)(i)(II) knowing that the alien intends to apply 
                for status as an H-2A worker for the duration of the 
                period during which the alien's application is pending 
                final determination.
                    ``(C) Employment records.--Any employment record or 
                other evidence of employment provided by an alien or by 
                an alien's employer in support of an alien's 
                application for status as an H-2A worker under this 
                section may not be used in a civil or criminal 
                prosecution or investigation of that employer under 
                section 274A or the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for 
                the prior unlawful employment of that alien regardless 
                of the outcome of such application.
                    ``(D) Additional protections.--
                            ``(i) In general.--An employer that 
                        provides a record in accordance with 
                        subparagraph (A) shall not be subject to civil 
                        and criminal liability pursuant to such section 
                        274A for employing such unauthorized aliens. 
                        Records or other evidence of employment 
                        provided by employers in response to a request 
                        for such records for the purpose of 
                        establishing eligibility for status under this 
                        section may not be used for any purpose other 
                        than establishing such eligibility.
                            ``(ii) Limitation on protection.--The 
                        protections for employers under this section 
                        shall not apply if the employer provides 
                        employment records to the alien that are 
                        determined to be fraudulent.
            ``(9) Essential functions.--In the case of a lapse of 
        government appropriations, all functions necessary for the 
        processing, certification, and admission of H-2A workers shall 
        be deemed essential to the protection of life and property and 
        such functions shall continue uninterrupted for the duration of 
        such lapse.'';
            (7) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (m);
            (8) by inserting after subsection (h) the following:
    ``(i) Roles of Federal Agencies and States in the H-2A Program.--
            ``(1) Department of homeland security.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The authority of the Secretary 
                of Homeland Security under this section does not 
                include the authority that is specifically reserved for 
                the head of another Federal agency under this 
                subsection.
                    ``(B) Fees.--The Secretary of Homeland Security, in 
                consultation with the Secretary of Labor, may require 
                by regulation, as a condition of issuing a 
                certification under subsection (a)(1), the payment of a 
                fee to recover the reasonable costs of processing 
                applications and certifications by the Department of 
                Homeland Security and Department of Labor with respect 
                to H-2A workers, and shall not include any costs of 
                processing other visa categories, asylum or refugee 
                processing, or any other functions of the Department of 
                Homeland Security or Department of Labor other than 
                those which are applicable to the admission of H-2A 
                workers.
                    ``(C) Prioritization.--Not later than 15 days after 
                receiving a petition for an H-2A worker, the Secretary 
                of Homeland Security shall approve, deny, or request 
                additional information from the employer.
            ``(2) Department of labor.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary of Labor shall--
                            ``(i) establish standards for the 
                        recruitment of United States workers, that are 
                        reasonable and cost effective;
                            ``(ii) ensure employer compliance with the 
                        requirements under this section; and
                            ``(iii) determine the labor needs of 
                        agricultural employers in the United States.
                    ``(B) Post certification amendments.--The Secretary 
                of Labor shall create an expedited process to allow an 
                employer to file an amendment to a labor certification 
                that has been approved, including an amendment to--
                            ``(i) the dates of employment;
                            ``(ii) the places of employment, due to 
                        unforeseen circumstances;
                            ``(iii) the housing provided, due to 
                        unforeseen circumstances;
                            ``(iv) the modes of daily transportation; 
                        and
                            ``(v) the agricultural activities that will 
                        be performed by an H-2A worker, if such 
                        activities are substantially similar to the 
                        activities included in the approved labor 
                        certification.
                    ``(C) Housing.--The Secretary of Labor shall make 
                rules under subsection (c)(4).
                    ``(D) Online job registry.--The Secretary of Labor 
                shall maintain a national, publicly accessible online 
                job registry and database of all job offers submitted 
                by employers seeking a labor certification required to 
                employ H-2A workers under this section.
            ``(3) Department of state.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary of State shall 
                prioritize the adjudication of visa issuance for H-2A 
                workers and shall ensure sufficient and trained 
                staffing at consulates through which a significant 
                number of applications by H-2A workers originate during 
                periods of increased H-2A visa applications.
                    ``(B) Returning workers.--The Secretary of State 
                may waive the interview requirement under section 
                222(h)(1) for an alien seeking admission to the United 
                States as an H-2A worker if the alien has been 
                previously admitted to the United States as an H-2A 
                worker, and appears to be eligible for such status.
            ``(4) Department of agriculture.--The Secretary of 
        Agriculture shall--
                    ``(A) provide input and comment to the Secretary of 
                Homeland Security and the Secretary of Labor regarding 
                the implementation of the requirements under this 
                section; and
                    ``(B) make rules to define the term `agricultural 
                labor or services' under section 101.
    ``(j) Applicable Wage.--
            ``(1) In general.--An employer shall offer at minimum a 
        contract wage to an H-2A worker that is the highest of--
                    ``(A) the agreed-upon collective bargaining wage;
                    ``(B) the Federal, State, or local minimum wage 
                applicable to all agricultural workers; or
                    ``(C) the adverse effect wage rate determined under 
                subsection (k), if applicable.
            ``(2) Limitation on mid-contract wage changes.--The 
        applicable wage under paragraph (1), as determined on the date 
        the job opportunity is posted on the electronic job registry 
        maintained by the Secretary, shall remain in effect for the 
        duration of the contract period and shall not be modified based 
        on any subsequent adjustment to the adverse effect wage rate 
        determined and published pursuant to subsection (k).
            ``(3) Use of federal survey data.--To calculate an adverse 
        effect wage rate, the Secretary of Labor shall use data that is 
        available pursuant to a Federal Government survey of base wages 
        paid to domestic workers in the occupational classification and 
        may not consider in the calculation additional forms of 
        compensation, such as shift differential pay, on-call pay, 
        special assignments, overtime, bonuses, incentive-based pay, or 
        piece rates.
    ``(k) Determination of Adverse Effect on Wages.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Labor shall make an 
        annual determination as to whether the employment of H-2A 
        workers from the prior year adversely affected the wages and 
        working conditions of workers in the United States similarly 
        employed. Such determination shall be subject to review under 
        chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code.
            ``(2) Contracting authority.--The Secretary of Labor may 
        enter into a contract with an independent entity to assist in 
        making the determination under paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Publication of rate.--The Secretary of Labor, on 
        making a determination under paragraph (1) that an adverse 
        effect existed from the prior year, shall calculate and publish 
        in the Federal Register, an adverse effect wage rate, in 
        accordance with this subsection.
            ``(4) Calculation.--The Secretary shall calculate an 
        adverse effect wage rate as follows:
                    ``(A) Entry-level occupations.--For occupations 
                that the Secretary of Labor determines the 
                qualifications of the job offer are entry-level 
                (including field and livestock worker occupations 
                combined), as compared to the qualifications possessed 
                by an average worker in such occupation, the adverse 
                effect wage rate shall be equal to--
                            ``(i) if a statewide annual hourly gross 
                        wage in the State for the occupation described 
                        in the job offer is reported in the 
                        Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics 
                        survey, the required minimum hourly wage for 
                        entry-level qualifications shall be the 17th 
                        percentile of the wage distribution for the 
                        occupation in that State; or
                            ``(ii) if a statewide annual hourly gross 
                        wage in the State for the occupation described 
                        in the job offer is not reported in the 
                        Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics 
                        survey, the required minimum hourly wage for 
                        entry-level qualifications shall be the 17th 
                        percentile of the wage distribution for the 
                        occupation on a nationwide basis, as reported 
                        in such survey.
                    ``(B) Experience-level occupations.--For any other 
                occupation that the Secretary of Labor determines the 
                qualifications of the job offer are representative of 
                the qualifications possessed by an average worker in 
                such occupation (including field and livestock worker 
                occupations combined), the adverse effect wage rate 
                shall be equal to--
                            ``(i) if a statewide annual hourly gross 
                        wage in the State for experience-level 
                        qualifications for the occupation described in 
                        the job offer is reported in the Occupational 
                        Employment and Wage Statistics survey, the 
                        required minimum hourly wage for experience-
                        level qualifications shall be the 50th 
                        percentile of the wage distribution for the 
                        occupation for that State described in the job 
                        offer, as reported in such survey; or
                            ``(ii) if a statewide annual hourly gross 
                        wage in the State for experience-level 
                        qualifications for the occupation described in 
                        the job offer is not reported in such survey, 
                        the required minimum hourly wage shall be the 
                        50th percentile of the national wage 
                        distribution for the occupation, as reported in 
                        such survey.
                    ``(C) Limitations on fluctuations.--The adverse 
                effect wage rate calculated under this paragraph may 
                not--
                            ``(i) be more than 1.5 percent lower than 
                        the wage in effect for the immediately 
                        preceding calendar year; and
                            ``(ii) be more than 3.25 percent higher 
                        than the wage in effect for the preceding 
                        calendar year.
            ``(5) Job classification.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If the Secretary of Labor 
                establishes an adverse effect wage rate under this 
                subsection, the Secretary may aggregate occupational 
                classifications for purposes of establishing such rate.
                    ``(B) Primary duty.--When determining the 
                occupation in which to classify an H-2A worker, the 
                Secretary shall classify the worker in an occupation 
                that reflects the duties and work tasks described in 
                the employment contract that will constitute the 
                greatest percentage of the worker's working hours.''; 
                and
            (9) in subsection (m), as so redesignated, by adding at the 
        end the following:
            ``(3) The term `employer' means a person or entity who 
        hires workers to perform agricultural labor or services and 
        includes--
                    ``(A) a single employer;
                    ``(B) an association or farm labor contractor;
                    ``(C) an agricultural cooperative association, as 
                such term is defined in section 15 of the Agricultural 
                Marketing Act (12 U.S.C. 1141j); and
                    ``(D) other persons or entities as determined by 
                the Secretary of Labor.''.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1101(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (15)(H)(ii)(a) by striking ``, as defined 
        by the Secretary of Labor in regulations and including 
        agricultural labor defined in section 3121(g) of the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986, agriculture as defined in section 3(f) of 
        the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 203(f)), and 
        the pressing of apples for cider on a farm, of a temporary or 
        seasonal nature,'' and inserting ``of a temporary nature''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(53) The term `agricultural labor or services' has the 
        meaning given such term by the Secretary of Agriculture in 
        regulations and includes--
                    ``(A) agricultural labor (as such term is defined 
                in section 3121(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
                1986, notwithstanding the limitations set forth in 
                paragraphs (4)(A) or (4)(B) of such section);
                    ``(B) agriculture (as such term is defined in 
                section 3(f) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 
                (29 U.S.C. 203(f)));
                    ``(C) the handling, planting, drying, packing, 
                packaging, processing, freezing, or grading of any 
                agricultural or horticultural commodity in its 
                unmanufactured state, without regard to the ownership 
                or location of such facilities or activities;
                    ``(D) the transportation and preparation for 
                transportation of any agricultural or horticultural 
                commodity, in its unmanufactured state from the farm to 
                the place of storage, first processing or first 
                marketing;
                    ``(E) pine straw gathering and reforestation 
                activities;
                    ``(F) aquaculture activities, including the primary 
                processing of seafood;
                    ``(G) activities related to the management and 
                training of equines;
                    ``(H) the pressing of apples for cider on a farm, 
                or logging employment;
                    ``(I) the installation of horticulture commodities; 
                and
                    ``(J) the harvest and processing of meat and 
                poultry, which shall only include the slaughter of 
                animals and the breakdown of carcasses.
            ``(54) The term `temporary' means, for the purposes of 
        paragraph (15)(H)(ii)(a), work performed pursuant to a contract 
        with a term of less than 350 days, without regard to the 
        approved employer's underlying need or nature of the job.''.

SEC. 4. STREAMLINED ONLINE H-2A PLATFORM.

    Section 218 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1188), 
as amended by this Act, is further amended by inserting after 
subsection (k) the following:
    ``(l) Streamlined Online H-2A Platform.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date 
        of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland 
        Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, the 
        Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of State, and the 
        Administrator of the Department of Government Efficiency, shall 
        establish an online platform which shall serve as a single 
        point of access--
                    ``(A) for an employer to input all information and 
                supporting documentation required for--
                            ``(i) obtaining a labor certification from 
                        the Secretary of Labor; and
                            ``(ii) the adjudication of a petition for 
                        the admission of an H-2A worker.
                    ``(B) for the Secretary of Homeland Security, the 
                Secretary of Labor, and State workforce agencies to 
                concurrently perform their respective review and 
                adjudicatory responsibilities related to the admission 
                of H-2A workers; and
                    ``(C) to facilitate communication between employers 
                and agency adjudicators, including by allowing 
                employers to--
                            ``(i) receive and respond to notices of 
                        deficiency and requests for information;
                            ``(ii) submit requests for inspections and 
                        necessary approvals;
                            ``(iii) receive notices of approval and 
                        denial;
                            ``(iv) request reconsideration or appeal of 
                        agency decisions;
                            ``(v) provide information to the Secretary 
                        of State and U.S. Customs and Border Protection 
                        necessary for the efficient and secure 
                        processing of visas and applications for 
                        admission of H-2A workers;
                            ``(vi) receive and request documents, such 
                        as the I-94, I-797A, I-797B (or successor 
                        forms) of the H-2A worker, and any other form 
                        required for the admission of H-2A workers;
                            ``(vii) request updates on the status of 
                        the processing of applications for labor 
                        certifications, petitions, and applications for 
                        the admission of H-2A workers;
                            ``(viii) pay all fees associated with the 
                        admission and employment of H-2A workers, 
                        including fees imposed by the Secretary of 
                        Homeland Security, the Secretary of State, and 
                        the Secretary of Labor; and
                            ``(ix) file, or have filed on their behalf, 
                        Form G-28, or any successor form, from non-
                        attorney agents to indicate representation of 
                        their clients, which shall send notice to non-
                        attorney agents with respect to processing as 
                        would any other Form G-28, or any successor 
                        form, regarding said representation.
            ``(2) Objectives.--In developing the platform described in 
        subsection (a), the Secretary of Homeland Security, in 
        consultation with the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of 
        Agriculture, the Secretary of State, and the Administrator of 
        the Department of Government Efficiency, shall streamline and 
        improve the process for the admission of H-2A workers, 
        including by--
                    ``(A) eliminating the need for employers to submit 
                duplicate information and documentation to multiple 
                agencies;
                    ``(B) eliminating redundant processes, where a 
                single matter in a petition is adjudicated by more than 
                one agency;
                    ``(C) reducing the occurrence of common petition 
                errors, and otherwise improving and expediting the 
                processing of petitions for H-2A workers; and
                    ``(D) ensuring compliance with the requirements for 
                the admission of H-2A workers and the protection of the 
                wages and working conditions of workers.''.

SEC. 5. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE REVIEWS.

    Not later than 2 years after the enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee 
on Agriculture, the Committee on Education and Workforce, and the 
Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives, and to the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, the Committee on 
Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, and the Committee on the 
Judiciary of the Senate, a report on the following:
            (1) An evaluation of information related to the 
        availability and affordability of housing that complies with 
        the requirements under section 218(c)(4) of the Immigration and 
        Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1188(c)(4)) related to housing for H-
        2A workers.
            (2) Challenges faced by employers in securing and 
        maintaining adequate and affordable housing for H-2A workers.
            (3) The measures undertaken by the Secretary of Labor to 
        monitor and enforce employer compliance with the requirements 
        under such section 218(c)(4), including the conduct of 
        inspections, investigations, and other enforcement actions.
            (4) The availability of Federal programs to assist 
        employers in providing housing that complies such requirements 
        and the extent to which those Federal programs are being used 
        by employers.

SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    The amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the date that 
is one year after the date of enactment of this Act. Any rule to carry 
out the amendments made by this Act may be made as an interim final 
rule on the date that the amendments made by this Act take effect.
                                 <all>