    [Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
    [H.R. 8870 Introduced in House (IH)]

    <DOC>

    119th CONGRESS
      2d Session
                                    H. R. 8870

    To authorize funding for Federal-aid highways, bridge construction and
      rehabilitation, highway safety programs, transit programs, and rail
                       programs, and for other purposes.

    _______________________________________________________________________

                        IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                                  May 19, 2026

      Mr. Graves (for himself, Mr. Larsen of Washington, Mr. Rouzer, Mr.
      Webster of Florida, and Ms. Norton) introduced the following bill;
           which was referred to the Committee on Transportation and
                                 Infrastructure

    _______________________________________________________________________

                                     A BILL

    To authorize funding for Federal-aid highways, bridge construction and
      rehabilitation, highway safety programs, transit programs, and rail
                       programs, and for other purposes.

        Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
    United States of America in Congress assembled,

    SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

        (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Building Unrivaled
    Infrastructure and Long-term Development for America's 250th Act'' or
    the ``BUILD America 250 Act''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
    follows:

    Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
    Sec. 2. Definitions.
    Sec. 3. Effective date.
    Sec. 4. Automatic execution of conforming changes.
                         TITLE I--FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS

                    Subtitle A--Authorizations and Programs

    Sec. 1101. Authorization of appropriations.
    Sec. 1102. Obligation limitation.
    Sec. 1103. Definitions.
    Sec. 1104. Apportionment.
    Sec. 1105. Nationally significant multimodal freight and highway
                                projects.
    Sec. 1106. National highway performance program.
    Sec. 1107. Federal share.
    Sec. 1108. Bridge programs.
    Sec. 1109. Emergency relief.
    Sec. 1110. Toll roads, bridges, tunnels, and ferries.
    Sec. 1111. Railway-highway grade crossings.
    Sec. 1112. Surface transportation block grant program.
    Sec. 1113. Transportation planning.
    Sec. 1114. Highway use tax evasion projects.
    Sec. 1115. National bridge and tunnel inventory and inspection
                                standards.
    Sec. 1116. Construction of ferry boats and ferry terminal facilities.
    Sec. 1117. Highway safety improvement program.
    Sec. 1118. CMAQ program.
    Sec. 1119. Safe streets and roads for all grant program.
    Sec. 1120. Territorial and Puerto Rico highway program.
    Sec. 1121. HOV facilities.
    Sec. 1122. National highway freight and high priority corridor program.
    Sec. 1123. Wildlife crossings pilot program.
    Sec. 1124. Surface transportation accelerator grant program.
    Sec. 1125. Repeal of program.
    Sec. 1126. PROTECT program.
    Sec. 1127. Codification and improvement of Jason's Law.
    Sec. 1128. Consolidated funding pilot program.
    Sec. 1129. Registration fee on motor vehicles.
    Sec. 1130. Transfer of real property no longer needed.
    Sec. 1131. Federal lands and tribal transportation programs.
    Sec. 1132. Tribal transportation program.
    Sec. 1133. Federal lands transportation program.
    Sec. 1134. Federal lands access program.
    Sec. 1135. Nationally significant Federal lands and tribal projects
                                program.
    Sec. 1136. Tribal High Priority Projects program.
    Sec. 1137. Consolidation of programs.
    Sec. 1138. Update to nonmotorized trails definition.
      Subtitle B--Improved Project Delivery and Environmental Streamlining

    Sec. 1201. Project approval and oversight.
    Sec. 1202. Exemption from review.
    Sec. 1203. Efficient environmental reviews for project decisionmaking
                                and One Federal Decision.
    Sec. 1204. Reporting program.
    Sec. 1205. Termination of environmental review implementation funds
                                program.
    Sec. 1206. Streamlining of environmental document preparation.
    Sec. 1207. State and eligible entity assumption of responsibility for
                                categorical exclusions.
    Sec. 1208. Surface transportation project delivery program.
    Sec. 1209. Program for eliminating duplication of environmental
                                reviews.
    Sec. 1210. Training and education; best practices.
    Sec. 1211. Accelerated decisionmaking in environmental reviews.
    Sec. 1212. Aligning Federal environmental reviews.
    Sec. 1213. FTA allowance of land acquisition.
    Sec. 1214. Categorical exclusion for projects of limited Federal
                                assistance.
    Sec. 1215. Programmatic agreements.
    Sec. 1216. Streamlining Tribal categorical exclusions.
    Sec. 1217. Streamlining small safety projects.
    Sec. 1218. Updates to categorical exclusions for public transportation
                                projects.
                           Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

    Sec. 1301. Transportation rulemaking committees.
    Sec. 1302. Vehicle weight limits.
    Sec. 1303. Designation of high priority corridors on National Highway
                                System.
    Sec. 1304. Safety coordinators; determination of reasonable cost.
    Sec. 1305. Updates to manual on uniform traffic control devices.
    Sec. 1306. Design standards.
    Sec. 1307. Modernizing roadside safety hardware devices and
                                administration policies.
    Sec. 1308. Audit of FHWA oversight of roadside safety hardware devices.
    Sec. 1309. Interagency bridge strike working group.
    Sec. 1310. Bridge clearance best practices.
    Sec. 1311. U.S. Congressman and Prisoner of War Sam Johnson Memorial
                                Highway.
    Sec. 1312. Technical assistance for contracting.
    Sec. 1313. Preventing anticompetitive bidding practices.
    Sec. 1314. Study on effectiveness of discretionary grant programs.
    Sec. 1315. Study on effectiveness of formula grant programs.
    Sec. 1316. National Academies review of highway systems.
    Sec. 1317. Review of State and local consultation processes.
    Sec. 1318. Emergency relief working group.
    Sec. 1319. Stopping threats on pedestrians.
    Sec. 1320. Eliminating unnecessary reporting and requirements.
    Sec. 1321. Contracting for engineering and design services.
    Sec. 1322. Advancing projects in cold weather States.
    Sec. 1323. Interagency working group on roadway management in inclement
                                weather.
    Sec. 1324. Termination of neighborhood access and equity grant program.
    Sec. 1325. Task force on developing a 21st century surface
                                transportation workforce.
    Sec. 1326. Study on national commuting trends.
    Sec. 1327. Notification on regressive safety targets.
    Sec. 1328. Study on domestic availability of yellow paint.
    Sec. 1329. Study on corrosion prevention for bridges.
    Sec. 1330. Funding Federal-aid Highways guidance.
         TITLE II--TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE AND INNOVATION

    Sec. 2001. Infrastructure finance.
    Sec. 2002. Emergency loan relief due to major disaster.
    Sec. 2003. Personnel management authority.
    Sec. 2004. Study on establishment of Federal Infrastructure Bank.
                        TITLE III--PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

                              Subtitle A--Reforms

    Sec. 3001. Purpose and declaration of policy.
    Sec. 3002. Definitions.
    Sec. 3003. Transportation planning.
    Sec. 3004. Planning programs.
    Sec. 3005. Urbanized area formula grants.
    Sec. 3006. Consolidated State block grant program.
    Sec. 3007. Fixed guideway capital investment grants.
    Sec. 3008. Formula grants for enhanced mobility of seniors and
                                individuals with disabilities.
    Sec. 3009. Formula grants for rural areas.
    Sec. 3010. Technical assistance and workforce development.
    Sec. 3011. Bus testing facility.
    Sec. 3012. Crime prevention and security.
    Sec. 3013. General provisions.
    Sec. 3014. Public transportation emergency relief program.
    Sec. 3015. Contract requirements.
    Sec. 3016. Transit asset management.
    Sec. 3017. Project management oversight.
    Sec. 3018. Public transportation safety program.
    Sec. 3019. Administrative provisions.
    Sec. 3020. National transit database.
    Sec. 3021. Apportionment of appropriations for urbanized area formula
                                grants.
    Sec. 3022. State of good repair grants.
    Sec. 3023. Authorizations.
    Sec. 3024. Grants for buses, bus facilities, and ferries.
    Sec. 3025. Apportionments based on growing States and high density
                                States formula factors.
                           Subtitle B--Miscellaneous

    Sec. 3101. Definitions.
    Sec. 3102. Protecting bus operators from risk of assault.
    Sec. 3103. Spare ratio modification.
    Sec. 3104. Special rule for certain transportation services.
    Sec. 3105. Innovative procurement.
    Sec. 3106. Transit award management system improvement.
    Sec. 3107. Public transit first aid and emergency medical kit equipment
                                and training.
    Sec. 3108. Improving transparency in certain urbanized areas.
    Sec. 3109. Extension of capital and preventive maintenance grants to
                                Washington Metropolitan Area Transit
                                Authority.
    Sec. 3110. GAO assessment of project contingency amounts.
    Sec. 3111. GAO report on universal design to improve accessibility.
    Sec. 3112. GAO study and report on National Transit Database data
                                quality.
    Sec. 3113. GAO study on transit system rider safety.
    Sec. 3114. GAO study on CIG data collection and reporting requirements.
    Sec. 3115. GAO assessment of paratransit software and technologies.
           Subtitle C--Reorganization and Consolidation of Chapter 53

    Sec. 3201. Transfer of certain sections in chapter 53 of title 49,
                                United States Code.
    Sec. 3202. Front matter of chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code.
    Sec. 3203. Amendments to chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code, as
                                amended by section 3202 of this Act.
    Sec. 3204. Conforming amendments.
                            TITLE IV--HIGHWAY SAFETY

    Sec. 4001. Authorization of appropriations.
    Sec. 4002. Consolidation and enhancement of highway safety programs.
    Sec. 4003. Highway safety research and development.
    Sec. 4004. High-visibility enforcement program.
    Sec. 4005. Protection of safety data.
    Sec. 4006. Annual reporting requirements.
    Sec. 4007. Coordination of Federal highway and traffic safety programs.
    Sec. 4008. Highway safety program effectiveness transportation
                                rulemaking committee.
    Sec. 4009. Establishment of roadway worker protection interagency
                                working group.
    Sec. 4010. Motorcycle Advisory Council.
    Sec. 4011. Motorcycle checkpoint funding.
    Sec. 4012. Pulsating light systems.
    Sec. 4013. Minimally obstructed forward-facing view in motorcoaches.
    Sec. 4014. Revision of student safety guidelines.
    Sec. 4015. Micromobility safety.
    Sec. 4016. GAO study on highway safety data quality.
                            TITLE V--MOTOR CARRIERS

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

    Sec. 5001. Authorization of appropriations.
    Sec. 5002. Improvements to enforcement training and support grant
                                program.
    Sec. 5003. Maintenance of effort.
    Sec. 5004. Amendments to commercial motor vehicle operators grant
                                program.
    Sec. 5005. Terms and conditions for exemptions.
    Sec. 5006. Broker qualifications.
    Sec. 5007. Motor carrier complaints.
    Sec. 5008. Cabotage study.
                 Subtitle B--Commercial Motor Vehicle Operators

    Sec. 5101. Predatory commercial motor vehicle lease-purchase agreement
                                programs oversight.
    Sec. 5102. Restroom access.
    Sec. 5103. Application of commercial motor vehicle safety.
    Sec. 5104. Extension of apprenticeship pilot program.
    Sec. 5105. Codification of exemption.
    Sec. 5106. Modernization of farm-related service industries restricted
                                commercial driver's licenses.
    Sec. 5107. Implements of husbandry compilation.
    Sec. 5108. Pre-trip vehicle inspection testing waiver.
    Sec. 5109. Modifications to certain commercial driver's license
                                regulations.
                  Subtitle C--Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety

    Sec. 5201. Motor carrier safety advisory committee.
    Sec. 5202. Electronic logging device certification.
    Sec. 5203. Safety performance history screening and DataQs improvement.
    Sec. 5204. Noncompliant training entities.
    Sec. 5205. Drug and alcohol clearinghouse fees.
    Sec. 5206. Federal hair testing guidelines.
    Sec. 5207. Drug and alcohol testing compliance.
    Sec. 5208. Fatal truck crash drug and substance abuse testing
                                accountability.
    Sec. 5209. Review of New Entrant Safety Assurance Program.
    Sec. 5210. New entrant registration standards transportation rulemaking
                                committee.
    Sec. 5211. Beyond compliance.
        Subtitle D--Household Goods Shipping Consumer Protection Reform

    Sec. 5301. Administrative assessment of civil penalties for violations
                                of commercial regulations.
    Sec. 5302. State use of grant funds for commercial enforcement and
                                consumer protection.
    Sec. 5303. State retention of penalties and fines.
    Sec. 5304. Registration requirements.
    Sec. 5305. Household goods consumer protection working group.
      Subtitle E--Safe Integration of Autonomous Commercial Motor Vehicles

    Sec. 5401. Definitions.
    Sec. 5402. ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicle interstate operation.
    Sec. 5403. Review and preemption of State laws and regulations.
    Sec. 5404. Ensuring regulatory flexibility for safety technologies.
    Sec. 5405. Regulatory interpretations.
    Sec. 5406. National consumer complaint database.
    Sec. 5407. Commercial motor vehicle workforce development.
                              TITLE VI--INNOVATION

    Sec. 6001. Strengthening mobility and revolutionizing transportation
                                grant program.
    Sec. 6002. Technology deployment.
    Sec. 6003. Strategic innovation for revenue collection.
    Sec. 6004. National motor vehicle per-mile user fee pilot.
    Sec. 6005. ITS Advisory Committee.
    Sec. 6006. Encouraged use of digital platforms.
    Sec. 6007. Nontraditional and Emerging Transportation Technology
                                Council.
    Sec. 6008. University transportation centers program.
    Sec. 6009. Prohibition related to certain foreign-made LiDAR
                                technology.
    Sec. 6010. Data privacy.
    Sec. 6011. Study on adoption and deployment of new and emerging
                                technologies.
    Sec. 6012. Autonomous vehicle accessibility study.
    Sec. 6013. GAO study of intelligent transportation systems physical and
                                cyber vulnerabilities.
    Sec. 6014. GAO study and report on automated driving systems safety
                                assurance.
    Sec. 6015. Technical assistance.
           TITLE VII--FREIGHT AND MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS

                           Subtitle A--Freight Policy

    Sec. 7001. National multimodal freight policy.
    Sec. 7002. National freight strategic plan.
    Sec. 7003. National multimodal freight network.
    Sec. 7004. State freight advisory committees.
    Sec. 7005. State freight plans.
    Sec. 7006. Freight Logistics Optimization Works Program.
                   Subtitle B--Multimodal Policy and Programs

    Sec. 7101. Streamlining positions within Office of the Secretary.
    Sec. 7102. Council on Credit and Finance transparency.
    Sec. 7103. Amendments to working capital fund.
    Sec. 7104. Transportation assistance for international games.
    Sec. 7105. National infrastructure project assistance.
    Sec. 7106. Local and regional project assistance.
    Sec. 7107. National culvert removal, replacement, and restoration grant
                                program.
    Sec. 7108. Rural and Tribal infrastructure advancement pilot extension.
    Sec. 7109. Advisory committee on cargo theft and freight fraud.
                           TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS

    Sec. 8001. Title 23 technical corrections.
    Sec. 8002. Title 49 technical corrections.
            TITLE IX--SPORT FISHING AND RECREATIONAL BOATING SAFETY

    Sec. 9001. Division of annual appropriations.
    Sec. 9002. Funding for interstate fisheries commission activities.
    Sec. 9003. Boating infrastructure priorities.
                   TITLE X--RAILROADS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

         Subtitle A--Authorization of Appropriations and Grant Reforms

    Sec. 10101. Grants to Amtrak.
    Sec. 10102. Federal Railroad Administration.
    Sec. 10103. Competitive grants.
    Sec. 10104. Consolidated rail infrastructure and safety improvements.
    Sec. 10105. Railroad crossing safety improvements and elimination
                                program.
    Sec. 10106. National intercity passenger railroad partnership program.
    Sec. 10107. Corridor identification and development program.
    Sec. 10108. Emergency relief.
    Sec. 10109. Amtrak Office of Inspector General.
                           Subtitle B--Amtrak Reforms

    Sec. 10201. Amtrak economic performance.
    Sec. 10202. Amtrak transparency and accountability for passengers and
                                taxpayers.
    Sec. 10203. Implementing Amtrak Office of Inspector General
                                recommendations to address infrastructure
                                backlog.
    Sec. 10204. Amtrak executive bonus disclosure.
    Sec. 10205. Amtrak and intercity passenger rail workforce assault
                                prevention and response plans.
    Sec. 10206. Baby changing table requirements on Amtrak trains.
    Sec. 10207. Report on Amtrak long-distance equipment maintenance costs.
    Sec. 10208. Inspector general review of Amtrak accounting and reporting
                                practices.
    Sec. 10209. Amtrak annual reporting.
    Sec. 10210. Invoices and reports.
    Sec. 10211. State-supported cost and service policy.
    Sec. 10212. GAO study on Amtrak customer experience.
    Sec. 10213. GAO study on Amtrak service to privately owned rail cars.
    Sec. 10214. The Donald M. Payne, Jr. Transit Center at Newark Penn
                                Station.
    Sec. 10215. Public notice and comment on Amtrak's corporate structure.
    Sec. 10216. GAO examination of international passenger rail.
    Sec. 10217. Food and beverage service.
                       Subtitle C--Passenger Rail Policy

    Sec. 10301. Intercity passenger rail equipment pools.
    Sec. 10302. California High-Speed Rail working group.
    Sec. 10303. Route-specific reports.
    Sec. 10304. Study on commuter rail passenger transportation and
                                transfers.
    Sec. 10305. Adjustment of liability cap.
                     Subtitle D--Rail Safety and Innovation

    Sec. 10401. Rail bridge safety.
    Sec. 10402. Public availability of federally funded data.
    Sec. 10403. Safety culture grant program.
    Sec. 10404. Improved supporting information transparency and using
                                performance-based regulations during
                                rulemaking.
    Sec. 10405. Installation of image recording devices.
    Sec. 10406. Membership of National Domestic Preparedness Consortium.
    Sec. 10407. Preventing tampering with wayside defect detectors.
    Sec. 10408. Rail technology and asset pilot program.
    Sec. 10409. Vent and burn report updates.
    Sec. 10410. Rail freight cargo security assessment.
    Sec. 10411. 50-year rule revision.
    Sec. 10412. Self-contained propelled freight vehicle.
    Sec. 10413. Railroad Safety Advisory Committee evaluation of National
                                Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
                                Medicine findings.
    Sec. 10414. Blocked crossings.
    Sec. 10415. Civil penalties.
    Sec. 10416. Pressure relief devices.
    Sec. 10417. Federal Railroad Administration safety workforce.
    Sec. 10418. FRA safety inspector and specialist review.
    Sec. 10419. Federal Railroad Administration safety culture.
    Sec. 10420. Confidential close call reporting.
    Sec. 10421. Wayside employee protection.
    Sec. 10422. Safety enforcement transparency.
    Sec. 10423. Reports on highway-rail grade crossing safety and
                                trespasser prevention.
    Sec. 10424. Locomotive engineer training.
    Sec. 10425. Assessment of track safety.
    Sec. 10426. Review of train dispatching technologies.
    Sec. 10427. Incident investigation review.
    Sec. 10428. Review of risk reduction program plans.
    Sec. 10429. Railroad Safety Advisory Committee.
    Sec. 10430. Safety reporting extension.
                          Subtitle E--Project Delivery

    Sec. 10501. Pre-award authority.
    Sec. 10502. Categorical exclusions for projects in existing operational
                                rights-of-way.
    Sec. 10503. Additional categorical exclusions.
    Sec. 10504. State-railroad infrastructure project coordination and
                                process standardization working group.
    Sec. 10505. Rail project advance acquisition.
    Sec. 10506. Direct loans and loan guarantees.
    Sec. 10507. Veteran to supply chain employee action plan.
    Sec. 10508. Lead agency for environmental review purposes.
    Sec. 10509. Environmental review determination.
    Sec. 10510. Expedited consultation process.
    Sec. 10511. Technical assistance.
    Sec. 10512. Amendment to allow RRIF direct loans to be structured as
                                interest-only loan.
    Sec. 10513. Use of certain grant funds to pay RRIF credit risk
                                premiums.
    Sec. 10514. Amendment to establish alternative credit assessment
                                pathway for RRIF loan applicants.
    Sec. 10515. Railroad rehabilitation and improvement financing program
                                authorization of appropriations.
                 Subtitle F--Hazardous Materials Transportation

    Sec. 10601. Authorization of appropriations.
    Sec. 10602. Hazardous materials registration fees.
    Sec. 10603. Hazardous materials safety training grants.
    Sec. 10604. Incorporation of special permits into hazardous materials
                                regulations.
    Sec. 10605. Harmonization of safety regulations.
    Sec. 10606. Regulation of foreign manufacturers of cylinders used in
                                transporting hazardous materials.
    Sec. 10607. Safety placards.
    Sec. 10608. Study on limited commercial driver's license hazardous
                                materials endorsements.
    Sec. 10609. Real-time train consist information rulemaking evaluation.
    Sec. 10610. Study on exception for intrastate transportation of diesel
                                fuel in support of logging or timber
                                operations.
    Sec. 10611. Safer tank cars.
    Sec. 10612. Requirements for safe transport of lithium-ion batteries.
    Sec. 10613. Innovative thermal run-away suppression strategies.

    SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

        In this Act:
                (1) Comptroller general.--The term ``Comptroller General''
            means the Comptroller General of the United States.
                (2) Department.--Unless otherwise specified, the term
            ``Department'' means the Department of Transportation.
                (3) Secretary.--Unless otherwise specified, the term
            ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Transportation.

    SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE.

        Except as otherwise provided, this Act, including the amendments
    made by this Act, shall take effect on October 1, 2026.

    SEC. 4. AUTOMATIC EXECUTION OF CONFORMING CHANGES.

        (a) Covered Highways Laws.--Section 101 of title 23, United States
    Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Automatic Execution of Conforming Changes.--
                ``(1) In general.--When an amendment to a covered highways
            law adds a section or larger organizational unit to the covered
            highways law, repeals or transfers a section or larger
            organizational unit in the covered highways law, or amends the
            designation or heading of a section or larger organizational
            unit in the covered highways law, that amendment also shall
            have the effect of amending any analysis, table of contents, or
            similar tabular entries in the covered highways law to alter
            the table to conform to the changes made by the amendment.
                ``(2) Exceptions.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to an
            amendment described in such paragraph when--
                        ``(A) the amendment or a clerical amendment enacted
                    at the same time expressly amends a table of sections,
                    table of contents, or similar tabular entries in the
                    covered highways law to alter the table to conform to
                    the changes made by the amendment; or
                        ``(B) the amendment otherwise expressly exempts
                    itself from the operation of this subsection.
                ``(3) Covered highways law defined.--In this subsection,
            the term `covered highways law' means--
                        ``(A) this title;
                        ``(B) any Act that authorizes amounts to be
                    appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund; or
                        ``(C) any other law designated in the text thereof
                    as a covered highways law for purposes of application
                    of this subsection.''.
        (b) Purpose and Automatic Execution of Conforming Changes.--Section
    101 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in the section heading by inserting ``; automatic
            execution of conforming changes'' after ``Purpose''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Automatic Execution of Conforming Changes.--
                ``(1) In general.--When an amendment to a covered
            transportation law adds a section or larger organizational unit
            to the covered transportation law, repeals or transfers a
            section or larger organizational unit in the covered
            transportation law, or amends the designation or heading of a
            section or larger organizational unit in the covered
            transportation law, that amendment also shall have the effect
            of amending any analysis, table of contents, or similar tabular
            entries in the covered transportation law to alter the table to
            conform to the changes made by the amendment.
                ``(2) Exceptions.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to an
            amendment described in such paragraph when--
                        ``(A) the amendment or a clerical amendment enacted
                    at the same time expressly amends a table of sections,
                    table of contents, or similar tabular entries in the
                    covered transportation law to alter the table to
                    conform to the changes made by the amendment; or
                        ``(B) the amendment otherwise expressly exempts
                    itself from the operation of this subsection.
                ``(3) Covered transportation law.--In this subsection, the
            term `covered transportation law' means--
                        ``(A) this title;
                        ``(B) any Act that authorizes amounts to be
                    appropriated out of the Airport and Airway Trust Fund;
                    or
                        ``(C) any other law designated in the text thereof
                    as a covered transportation law for purposes of
                    application of this subsection.''.
        (c) Application of Amendments.--Section 101(f) of title 23, United
    States Code, as added by subsection (a), and section 101(c) of title
    49, United States Code, as added by subsection (b), shall apply to the
    amendments made by this section and other amendments made by this Act.

                         TITLE I--FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS

                    Subtitle A--Authorizations and Programs

    SEC. 1101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

        (a) In General.--The following amounts are authorized to be
    appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit
    Account):
                (1) Federal-aid highway program.--For the national highway
            performance program under section 119 of title 23, United
            States Code, the surface transportation block grant program
            under section 133 of such title, section 134 of such title, the
            highway safety improvement program under section 148 of such
            title, the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement
            program under section 149 of such title, and the national
            highway freight and highway priority corridor program of
            section 167 of such title--
                        (A) $56,934,650,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        (B) $57,532,010,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        (C) $58,690,676,200 for fiscal year 2029;
                        (D) $59,785,644,724 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        (E) $60,943,911,618 for fiscal year 2031.
                (2) Transportation infrastructure finance and innovation
            program.--For credit assistance under the transportation
            infrastructure finance and innovation program under chapter 6
            of title 23, United States Code, $250,000,000 for each of
            fiscal years 2027 through 2031.
                (3) Bridge program.--To carry out the grants for rebuilding
            America's vital engineering structures program under section
            124(a) of title 23, United States Code, $9,200,000,000 for each
            of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.
                (4) Federal lands and tribal transportation programs.--
                        (A) Tribal transportation program.--For the tribal
                    transportation program under section 202 of title 23,
                    United States Code--
                                (i) $643,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                (ii) $657,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                (iii) $671,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                (iv) $686,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                (v) $701,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        (B) Federal lands transportation program.--
                                (i) In general.--For the Federal lands
                            transportation program under section 203 of
                            title 23, United States Code--
                                        (I) $464,000,000 for fiscal year
                                    2027;
                                        (II) $472,000,000 for fiscal year
                                    2028;
                                        (III) $480,000,000 for fiscal year
                                    2029;
                                        (IV) $488,000,000 for fiscal year
                                    2030; and
                                        (V) $496,000,000 for fiscal year
                                    2031.
                                (ii) Allocation.--Of the amount made
                            available for a fiscal year under clause (i)--
                                        (I) the amount for the National
                                    Park Service is--
                                                (aa) $365,000,000 for
                                            fiscal year 2027;
                                                (bb) $370,500,000 for
                                            fiscal year 2028;
                                                (cc) $376,000,000 for
                                            fiscal year 2029;
                                                (dd) $381,500,000 for
                                            fiscal year 2030; and
                                                (ee) $387,500,000 for
                                            fiscal year 2031;
                                        (II) the amount for the United
                                    States Fish and Wildlife Service is
                                    $42,000,000 for each of fiscal years
                                    2027 through 2031; and
                                        (III) the amount for the Forest
                                    Service is--
                                                (aa) $29,500,000 for fiscal
                                            year 2027;
                                                (bb) $31,000,000 for fiscal
                                            year 2028;
                                                (cc) $32,500,000 for fiscal
                                            year 2029;
                                                (dd) $34,000,000 for fiscal
                                            year 2030; and
                                                (ee) $35,500,000 for fiscal
                                            year 2031.
                        (C) Federal lands access program.--For the Federal
                    lands access program under section 204 of title 23,
                    United States Code--
                                (i) $314,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                (ii) $320,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                (iii) $326,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                (iv) $332,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                (v) $338,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                (5) Territorial and puerto rico highway program.--For the
            territorial and Puerto Rico highway program under section 165
            of title 23, United States Code--
                        (A) $242,200,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        (B) $247,400,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        (C) $252,600,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        (D) $257,800,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        (E) $263,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
        (b) Other Programs.--
                (1) Highway trust fund.--The following amounts are
            authorized to be appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund
            (other than the Mass Transit Account):
                        (A) Safe streets and roads for all program.--To
                    carry out the safe streets and roads for all program
                    under section 155 of title 23, United States Code--
                                (i) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                (ii) $625,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                (iii) $750,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                (iv) $875,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                (v) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        (B) Surface transportation accelerator grant
                    program.--To carry out the surface transportation
                    accelerator grant program under section 173 of title
                    23, United States Code, $2,400,000,000 for each of
                    fiscal years 2027 through 2031.
                        (C) PROTECT grants.--To carry out subsection (d) of
                    the PROTECT program under section 176 of title 23,
                    United States Code, $500,000,000 for each of fiscal
                    years 2027 through 2031.
                        (D) Nationally significant federal lands and tribal
                    projects.--
                                (i) In general.--To carry out the
                            nationally significant Federal lands and tribal
                            projects program under section 1123 of the FAST
                            Act (23 U.S.C. 201 note; Public Law 114-94),
                            $55,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027
                            through 2031.
                                (ii) Treatment.--Amounts made available
                            under clause (i) shall be available for
                            obligation in the same manner as if those
                            amounts were apportioned under chapter 1 of
                            title 23, United States Code.
                (2) General fund.--
                        (A) Nationally significant multimodal freight and
                    highway projects.--There is authorized to be
                    appropriated to carry out the nationally significant
                    multimodal freight and highway projects program under
                    section 117 of title 23, United States Code,
                    $1,200,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through
                    2031.
                        (B) Bridge completion program.--There is authorized
                    to be appropriated to carry out the bridge completion
                    program under section 124(b) of title 23, United States
                    Code, $2,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027
                    through 2031.
        (c) Research, Technology, and Education Authorizations.--
                (1) In general.--The following amounts are authorized to be
            appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass
            Transit Account):
                        (A) Highway research and development program.--To
                    carry out section 503(b) of title 23, United States
                    Code--
                                (i) $149,940,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                (ii) $152,938,800 for fiscal year 2028;
                                (iii) $155,997,576 for fiscal year 2029;
                                (iv) $159,117,528 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                (v) $162,299,878 for fiscal year 2031.
                        (B) Technology and innovation deployment.--To carry
                    out section 503(c) of title 23, United States Code--
                                (i) $112,200,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                (ii) $114,444,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                (iii) $116,732,880 for fiscal year 2029;
                                (iv) $119,067,538 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                (v) $121,448,888 for fiscal year 2031.
                        (C) Training and education.--To carry out section
                    504 of title 23, United States Code--
                                (i) $26,520,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                (ii) $27,050,400 for fiscal year 2028;
                                (iii) $27,591,408 for fiscal year 2029;
                                (iv) $28,143,236 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                (v) $28,706,101 for fiscal year 2031.
                        (D) Intelligent transportation systems program.--To
                    carry out sections 512 through 518 of title 23, United
                    States Code--
                                (i) $112,200,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                (ii) $114,444,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                (iii) $116,732,880 for fiscal year 2029;
                                (iv) $119,067,538 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                (v) $121,448,888 for fiscal year 2031.
                        (E) University transportation centers program.--To
                    carry out section 5505 of title 49, United States
                    Code--
                                (i) $83,640,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                (ii) $85,312,800 for fiscal year 2028;
                                (iii) $87,019,056 for fiscal year 2029;
                                (iv) $88,759,437 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                (v) $90,534,626 for fiscal year 2031.
                        (F) Bureau of transportation statistics.--To carry
                    out chapter 63 of title 49, United States Code--
                                (i) $27,250,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                (ii) $27,500,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                (iii) $27,750,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                (iv) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                (v) $28,250,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                (2) Administration.--The Administrator of the Federal
            Highway Administration shall--
                        (A) administer the programs described in
                    subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) under paragraph (1);
                    and
                        (B) in consultation with relevant modal
                    administrations, administer the programs described in
                    paragraph (1)(D).
                (3) Applicability of title 23, united states code.--Amounts
            authorized to be appropriated by paragraph (1) shall--
                        (A) be available for obligation in the same manner
                    as if those funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of
                    title 23, United States Code, except that the Federal
                    share of the project or activity carried out using
                    those funds shall be 80 percent, unless otherwise
                    expressly provided by this Act (including the
                    amendments made by this Act) or otherwise determined by
                    the Secretary; and
                        (B) remain available until expended and are not
                    transferable, except as otherwise provided by this Act.
        (d) Pilot Programs.--The following amounts are authorized to be
    appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit
    Account):
                (1) Wildlife crossings.--For the wildlife crossings pilot
            program under section 171 of title 23, United States Code,
            $80,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.
                (2) Truck parking.--For the truck parking pilot program
            under section 180 of title 23, United States Code, $150,000,000
            for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.
        (e) Disadvantaged Business Enterprises.--
                (1) Findings.--Congress finds that--
                        (A) while significant progress has occurred due to
                    the establishment of the disadvantaged business
                    enterprise program, social and economic disadvantage
                    and related barriers continue to pose significant
                    obstacles for businesses owned by socially and
                    economically disadvantaged individuals seeking to do
                    business in federally assisted surface transportation
                    markets across the United States;
                        (B) the continuing barriers described in
                    subparagraph (A) merit the continuation of the
                    disadvantaged business enterprise program;
                        (C) Congress has received and reviewed
                    documentation of the effects of social and economic
                    disadvantage on individuals seeking to do business in
                    federally assisted surface transportation markets from
                    numerous sources, including congressional hearings and
                    roundtables, scientific and other reports, news
                    stories, written statements of barriers to
                    participation by disadvantaged business owners, and
                    related lawsuits, which show that efforts that fail to
                    specifically consider socially and economically
                    disadvantaged individuals are insufficient to address
                    the problem;
                        (D) the documentation described in subparagraph (C)
                    demonstrates that barriers remain for the full and fair
                    participation in surface transportation-related
                    businesses of socially and economically disadvantaged
                    business owners and has impacted firm development and
                    many aspects of surface transportation-related business
                    in the public and private markets; and
                        (E) the documentation described in subparagraph (C)
                    provides a strong basis that there is a compelling need
                    for the continuation of the disadvantaged business
                    enterprise program.
                (2) Small business concern defined.--In this subsection:
                        (A) In general.--The term ``small business
                    concern'' means a small business concern (as the term
                    is used in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15
                    U.S.C. 632)).
                        (B) Exclusions.--The term ``small business
                    concern'' does not include any concern or group of
                    concerns controlled by the same socially and
                    economically disadvantaged individual or individuals
                    that have average annual gross receipts during the
                    preceding 3 fiscal years in excess of $31,840,000, as
                    adjusted annually by the Secretary for inflation.
                (3) Amounts for small business concerns.--A national,
            aspirational goal of not less than 10 percent of the amounts
            made available for any program under titles I, II, III, and VI
            of this Act and section 403 of title 23, United States Code,
            shall be set for expenditure through good faith efforts by
            recipients of Federal financial assistance through small
            business concerns owned and controlled by socially and
            economically disadvantaged individuals.
                (4) Development of objective criteria.--
                        (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the
                    date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
                    develop and publish objective criteria to establish how
                    State governments and unified certification programs
                    will evaluate whether an individual qualifies as
                    socially and economically disadvantaged under the
                    program.
                        (B) Considerations.--The criteria developed under
                    subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) shall include the ability for an
                            individual to demonstrate social and economic
                            disadvantage by submitting evidence that would
                            support a finding of the types of
                            discrimination prohibited under Federal law;
                            and
                                (ii) shall include the ability for an
                            individual to submit evidence of specific
                            instances of economic hardship, systemic
                            barriers, and denied opportunities that impeded
                            the individual from achieving educational
                            progress or success, employment opportunities,
                            or business opportunities (including access to
                            capital).
                        (C) Periodic revision.--The Secretary may
                    periodically revise the objective criteria developed
                    under subparagraph (A).
                (5) Annual listing of disadvantaged business enterprises.--
            Each State shall annually--
                        (A) survey and compile a list of the small business
                    concerns referred to in paragraph (3) in the State,
                    including the location of the small business concerns
                    in the State;
                        (B) notify the Secretary, in writing, of the number
                    of new small business concerns that have been certified
                    in the State in the previous year; and
                        (C) provide the Secretary with such other
                    information as the Secretary may require regarding the
                    administration of the disadvantaged business enterprise
                    program.
                (6) Uniform certification.--
                        (A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish
                    minimum uniform criteria for use by State governments
                    in certifying whether a concern qualifies as a small
                    business concern for the purpose of this subsection.
                        (B) Inclusions.--The minimum uniform criteria
                    established under subparagraph (A) shall include, with
                    respect to a potential small business concern--
                                (i) on-site visits;
                                (ii) personal interviews with personnel;
                                (iii) issuance or inspection of licenses;
                                (iv) analyses of stock ownership;
                                (v) listings of equipment;
                                (vi) analyses of bonding capacity;
                                (vii) listings of work completed;
                                (viii) examination of the resumes of
                            principal owners;
                                (ix) analyses of financial capacity; and
                                (x) analyses of the type of work preferred.
                (7) Reporting.--The Secretary shall establish minimum
            requirements for use by State governments in reporting to the
            Secretary--
                        (A) information concerning disadvantaged business
                    enterprise awards, commitments, and achievements;
                        (B) the process utilized and progress made by each
                    unified certification program in the State to evaluate
                    and recertify or decertify a small business concern
                    under the criteria set by the Secretary, including
                    periodic revision of the criteria for certification;
                        (C) the number of existing small business concerns
                    recertified or decertified in fiscal years 2026 through
                    2031; and
                        (D) such other information as the Secretary
                    determines to be appropriate for the proper monitoring
                    of the disadvantaged business enterprise program.
                (8) Compliance with court orders.--Nothing in this
            subsection limits the eligibility of an individual or entity to
            receive funds made available under titles I, II, III, and VI of
            this Act and section 403 of title 23, United States Code, if
            the entity or person is prevented, in whole or in part, from
            complying with paragraph (3) because a Federal court issues a
            final order in which the court finds that a requirement or the
            implementation of paragraph (3) is unconstitutional.
                (9) Sense of congress on prompt payment of dbe
            subcontractors.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                        (A) the Secretary should take additional steps to
                    ensure that recipients comply with section 26.29 of
                    title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (the
                    disadvantaged business enterprises prompt payment
                    rule), or any corresponding regulation, in awarding
                    federally funded transportation contracts under laws
                    and regulations administered by the Secretary; and
                        (B) such additional steps should include increasing
                    the Department's ability to track and keep records of
                    complaints and to make that information publicly
                    available.
        (f) Grant Conditions.--The Secretary may not terminate, withhold,
    or delay the execution of a grant agreement for a grant or award (in
    part or in whole) made using funds made available under this Act (or an
    amendment made by this Act) on the basis that the grant or award no
    longer effectuates non-statutory program goals or agency priorities,
    including pursuant to section 200.340(a)(4) of title 2, Code of Federal
    Regulations.

    SEC. 1102. OBLIGATION LIMITATION.

        (a) General Limitation.--Subject to subsection (e) and
    notwithstanding any other provision of law, the obligations for the
    Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs shall not
    exceed--
                (1) $72,270,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                (2) $73,045,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                (3) $74,382,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                (4) $75,657,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                (5) $76,996,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
        (b) Exceptions.--The limitations under subsection (a) shall not
    apply to obligations under or for--
                (1) section 125 of title 23, United States Code;
                (2) section 147 of the Surface Transportation Assistance
            Act of 1978 (23 U.S.C. 144 note; 92 Stat. 2714);
                (3) section 9 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 (95
            Stat. 1701);
                (4) subsections (b) and (j) of section 131 of the Surface
            Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (96 Stat. 2119);
                (5) subsections (b) and (c) of section 149 of the Surface
            Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987
            (101 Stat. 198);
                (6) sections 1103 through 1108 of the Intermodal Surface
            Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 2027);
                (7) section 157 of title 23, United States Code (as in
            effect on June 8, 1998);
                (8) section 105 of title 23, United States Code (as in
            effect for fiscal years 1998 through 2004, but only in an
            amount equal to $639,000,000);
                (9) Federal-aid highway programs for which obligation
            authority was made available under the Transportation Equity
            Act for the 21st Century (112 Stat. 107) or subsequent Acts for
            multiple years or to remain available until expended, but only
            to the extent that the obligation authority has not lapsed or
            been used;
                (10) section 105 of title 23, United States Code (as in
            effect for fiscal years 2005 through 2012, but only in an
            amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);
                (11) section 1603 of the SAFETEA-LU (23 U.S.C. 118 note),
            to the extent that funds obligated in accordance with such
            section were not subject to a limitation on obligations at the
            time at which the funds were initially made available for
            obligation;
                (12) section 119 of title 23, United States Code (as in
            effect for fiscal years 2013 through 2015, but only in an
            amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);
                (13) section 119 of title 23, United States Code (as in
            effect for fiscal years 2016 through 2021, but only in an
            amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);
                (14) section 119 of title 23, United States Code (as in
            effect for fiscal years 2022 through 2026, but only in an
            amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);
            and
                (15) section 119 of title 23, United States Code (as in
            effect for fiscal years 2027 through 2031, but only in an
            amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years).
        (c) Distribution of Obligation Authority.--For each of fiscal years
    2027 through 2031, the Secretary--
                (1) shall not distribute obligation authority provided by
            subsection (a) for the fiscal year for--
                        (A) amounts authorized for administrative expenses
                    and programs by section 104(a) of title 23, United
                    States Code; and
                        (B) amounts authorized for the Bureau of
                    Transportation Statistics;
                (2) shall not distribute an amount of obligation authority
            provided by subsection (a) that is equal to the unobligated
            balance of amounts--
                        (A) made available from the Highway Trust Fund
                    (other than the Mass Transit Account) for the Federal-
                    aid highway and highway safety construction programs
                    for previous fiscal years the funds for which are
                    allocated by the Secretary (or apportioned by the
                    Secretary under section 202 or 204 of title 23, United
                    States Code); and
                        (B) for which obligation authority was provided in
                    a previous fiscal year;
                (3) shall determine the proportion that--
                        (A) the obligation authority provided by subsection
                    (a) for the fiscal year, less the aggregate of the
                    amount not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) of
                    this subsection; bears to
                        (B) the total of sums authorized to be appropriated
                    for the Federal-aid highway and highway safety
                    construction programs (other than sums authorized to be
                    appropriated for provisions of law described in
                    paragraphs (1) through (14) of subsection (b) and sums
                    authorized to be appropriated for section 119 of title
                    23, United States Code, equal to the amount referred to
                    in subsection (b)(15) for the fiscal year), less the
                    aggregate of the amounts not distributed under
                    paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection;
                (4) shall distribute the obligation authority provided by
            subsection (a), less the aggregate amounts not distributed
            under paragraphs (1) and (2), for each of the programs (other
            than programs to which paragraph (1) applies) that are
            allocated by the Secretary under this Act and title 23, United
            States Code, or apportioned by the Secretary under section 202
            or 204 of such title, by multiplying--
                        (A) the proportion determined under paragraph (3);
                    by
                        (B) the amounts authorized to be appropriated for
                    each such program for the fiscal year;
                (5) subject to paragraph (6), shall distribute the
            obligation authority provided by subsection (a), less the
            aggregate amount not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2)
            and the amounts distributed under paragraph (4), for the
            Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs
            that are apportioned by the Secretary under title 23, United
            States Code (other than the amounts apportioned for the
            national highway performance program in section 119 of title
            23, United States Code, that are exempt from limitation under
            subsection (b)(15) and the amounts apportioned under sections
            202 and 204 of such title) in the proportion that--
                        (A) amounts authorized to be appropriated for the
                    programs that are apportioned under title 23, United
                    State Code, to each State for the fiscal year; bears to
                        (B) the total of the amounts authorized to be
                    appropriated for the programs that are apportioned
                    under title 23, United States Code, to all States for
                    the fiscal year; and
                (6) of the amounts calculated for a State under paragraph
            (5), distribute to any direct recipient designated under
            section 1113(d) located in such State, or proportionally
            located in such State--
                        (A) for a direct recipient located in 1 State, an
                    amount of obligation authority described in section
                    1113(d)(4)(B); or
                        (B) for a direct recipient located in more than 1
                    State, a proportional amount of obligation authority
                    described in section 1113(d)(4)(B).
        (d) Redistribution of Unused Obligation Authority.--Notwithstanding
    subsection (c), the Secretary shall, after August 1 of each of fiscal
    years 2027 through 2031--
                (1) revise a distribution of the obligation authority made
            available under subsection (c) if an amount distributed cannot
            be obligated during the fiscal year; and
                (2) redistribute sufficient amounts to those States able to
            obligate amounts in addition to those previously distributed
            during the fiscal year, giving priority to those States having
            large unobligated balances of funds apportioned under section
            104 of title 23, United States Code, and paragraph (1) under
            the heading ``Highway Infrastructure Program'' in title VIII of
            division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (135
            Stat. 1420), commonly referred to as the ``Bridge Formula
            Program''.
        (e) Applicability of Obligation Limitations to Certain Programs.--
                (1) Transportation research programs.--
                        (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph
                    (B), obligation limitations imposed by subsection (a)
                    shall apply to contract authority for transportation
                    research programs carried out under chapter 5 of title
                    23, United States Code.
                        (B) Exception.--Obligation authority made available
                    under subparagraph (A) shall--
                                (i) remain available for a period of 4
                            fiscal years; and
                                (ii) be in addition to the amount of any
                            limitation on obligations for the Federal-aid
                            highway and highway safety construction
                            programs for future fiscal years.
                (2) Direct recipient metropolitan planning organizations.--
                        (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph
                    (B), obligation limitations imposed by subsection (a)
                    shall apply to contract authority apportioned under
                    section 104(b)(6) of title 23, United States Code, that
                    is directly allocated under section 1113(d)(4)(B) of
                    this Act to a direct recipient designated under such
                    section.
                        (B) Exception.--Obligation authority made available
                    under subparagraph (A) shall--
                                (i) remain available for a period of 2
                            fiscal years; and
                                (ii) be in addition to the amount of any
                            limitation imposed on obligations for Federal-
                            aid highway and highway safety construction
                            programs for future fiscal years.
        (f) Redistribution of Certain Authorized Funds.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of
            distribution of obligation authority under subsection (c) for
            each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031, the Secretary shall
            distribute to the States any funds (excluding funds authorized
            for the program under section 202 of title 23, United States
            Code) that--
                        (A) are authorized to be appropriated for the
                    fiscal year for the Federal-aid highway programs; and
                        (B) the Secretary determines will not be allocated
                    to the States (or will not be apportioned to the States
                    under section 204 of title 23, United States Code), and
                    will not be available for obligation, for the fiscal
                    year because of the imposition of any obligation
                    limitation for the fiscal year.
                (2) Ratio.--Funds shall be distributed under paragraph (1)
            in the same proportion as the distribution of obligation
            authority under subsection (c)(5).
                (3) Availability.--Funds distributed to each State under
            paragraph (1) shall be available for any purpose described in
            section 133(b) of title 23, United States Code.

    SEC. 1103. DEFINITIONS.

        Section 101(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (18) by striking ``and traffic control
            centers'' and inserting ``, traffic control centers, and backup
            power systems for traffic control devices and systems'';
                (2) by redesignating paragraphs (6) through (36) as
            paragraphs (7) through (37), respectively; and
                (3) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
                ``(6) Digital infrastructure.--The term `digital
            infrastructure' means public and private technology assets,
            including advanced digital construction management systems and
            related technology, that create, exchange, secure, or use data,
            including communications systems, servers, routers, hardware,
            sensors, and software applications.''.

    SEC. 1104. APPORTIONMENT.

        Section 104 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1) by striking subparagraphs (A)
            through (E) and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) $478,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $487,500,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $497,500,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $508,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        ``(E) $519,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by inserting ``and high priority
                            corridor'' after ``national highway freight'';
                            and
                                (ii) by striking ``the carbon reduction
                            program under section 175, to carry out
                            subsection (c) of the PROTECT program under
                            section 176,'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1) by striking ``59.0771195921461
                    percent'' and inserting ``62 percent'';
                        (C) in paragraph (2) by striking ``28.7402203421251
                    percent'' and inserting ``31 percent'';
                        (D) in paragraph (3) by striking ``6.70605141316253
                    percent'' and inserting ``7 percent'';
                        (E) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``shall
                            be'' and all that follows through ``for fiscal
                            year 2026.'' and inserting ``shall be--
                                ``(i) $2,890,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $2,920,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $3,010,000,000 for fiscal year
                            2029;
                                ``(iv) $3,070,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $3,130,000,000 for fiscal year
                            2031.''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C) by striking
                            ``fiscal year 2020'' and inserting ``fiscal
                            year 2026'' each place it appears;
                        (F) in paragraph (5)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading by inserting
                            ``and high priority corridor'' after ``national
                            highway freight'';
                                (ii) by inserting ``and high priority
                            corridor'' after ``national highway freight''
                            each place it appears; and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (B) by striking
                            clauses (i) through (v) and inserting the
                            following:
                                ``(i) $1,550,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $1,600,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $1,650,000,000 for fiscal year
                            2029;
                                ``(iv) $1,700,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $1,750,000,000 for fiscal year
                            2031.'';
                        (G) in paragraph (6)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B) by striking clauses
                            (i) through (v) and inserting the following:
                                ``(i) $520,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $540,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $560,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                ``(iv) $580,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.'';
                            and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C) by striking
                            ``fiscal year 2020'' and inserting ``fiscal
                            year 2026'' each place it appears; and
                        (H) by striking paragraphs (7) and (8);
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking ``fiscal year 2022'' and
                            inserting ``fiscal year 2027'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A)(ii)(I) by striking
                            ``fiscal year 2021'' and inserting ``fiscal
                            year 2026''; and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (B) by striking
                            ``that is'' and all that follows through ``the
                            previous fiscal year.'' and inserting ``that is
                            equal to at least 95 percent of the estimated
                            tax payments attributable to highway users in
                            the State paid into the Highway Trust Fund
                            (other than the Mass Transit Account) in the
                            most recent fiscal year for which data is
                            available.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``fiscal year 2022'' and
                            inserting ``fiscal year 2027'';
                                (ii) by inserting ``and high priority
                            corridor'' after ``national highway freight'';
                            and
                                (iii) by striking ``the carbon reduction
                            program under section 175, to carry out
                            subsection (c) of the PROTECT program under
                            section 176,''; and
                (4) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) by inserting ``and high priority corridor''
                    after ``national highway freight''; and
                        (B) by striking ``the carbon reduction program
                    under section 175, to carry out subsection (c) of the
                    PROTECT program under section 176,''.

    SEC. 1105. NATIONALLY SIGNIFICANT MULTIMODAL FREIGHT AND HIGHWAY
                  PROJECTS.

        Section 117 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)(1)(B) by striking ``200,000'' and
            inserting ``50,000'';
                (2) in subsection (d)(1)(A)--
                        (A) in clause (ii) by striking ``including'' and
                    all that follows through ``national scenic area;'' and
                    inserting ``including a project to add capacity to the
                    Interstate System to improve mobility;'';
                        (B) by striking clause (v); and
                        (C) by redesignating clauses (vi) through (viii) as
                    clauses (v) through (vii), respectively;
                (3) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``15 percent'' and
                    inserting ``10 percent''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``$5,000,000'' and
                    inserting ``$10,000,000'';
                (4) in subsection (f)(2) by striking ``for the purpose of
            improving habitat for aquatic species'' and inserting ``that is
            eligible under section 176(d) of title 23'';
                (5) in subsection (n)--
                        (A) by striking ``Notification.-- (1) in general.--
                    Not later than 60 days'' and inserting
                    ``Notification.--Not later than 3 days'';
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2); and
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as
                    paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively;
                (6) in subsection (p) by striking paragraph (3);
                (7) in subsection (q)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3)(A) by inserting ``and except
                    as provided in paragraph (7)'' after ``other provision
                    of law'';
                        (B) in paragraph (4)(A) by striking
                    ``$150,000,000'' and inserting ``10 percent of such
                    amounts''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(7) Limited waiver authority for preapproval risk.--
                        ``(A) Authority.--The Secretary may increase the
                    Federal share for a project receiving a grant under
                    this subsection to not more than 100 percent, solely
                    with respect to eligible costs described in
                    subparagraph (C), if the Secretary--
                                ``(i) finds that the project that includes
                            construction activities has not received--
                                        ``(I) a final Federal environmental
                                    decision under the National
                                    Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
                                    U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); or
                                        ``(II) a Federal, State, or local
                                    permit necessary to commence
                                    construction; and
                                ``(ii) determines that requiring the non-
                            Federal share prior to such decision or permit
                            would materially increase the risk of
                            unreasonable project delay or project
                            nondelivery.
                        ``(B) Limitations.--The Secretary may exercise the
                    authority under subparagraph (A)--
                                ``(i) for not more than 5 projects in a
                            fiscal year; and
                                ``(ii) only to the extent that the
                            aggregate amount of Federal participation
                            applied pursuant to subparagraph (A) for the
                            eligible costs described in subparagraph (C)
                            does not exceed $30,000,000 for a project.
                        ``(C) Eligible costs.--The authority under this
                    paragraph may be applied only to nonconstruction costs
                    the Secretary determines are reasonably necessary to
                    advance the project to receipt of the approvals
                    described in subparagraph (A)(i), including planning,
                    preliminary engineering, environmental review, and
                    permitting activities.
                        ``(D) Total award.--Nothing in this paragraph shall
                    be construed to authorize the Secretary to increase the
                    total amount of a grant awarded under this subsection.
                        ``(E) Notice and report.--Not later than 15 days
                    prior to exercising authority under this paragraph, the
                    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
                    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Environment and
                    Public Works of the Senate a notification that includes
                    the basis for the determination under subparagraph (A).
                        ``(F) Oversight and recovery.--
                                ``(i) Limitation.--The Secretary may
                            exercise the authority under this paragraph
                            only if the Secretary determines that the
                            recipient has established appropriate
                            accounting, internal control, and recordkeeping
                            procedures to ensure that amounts made
                            available under this paragraph are used only
                            for the eligible costs described in
                            subparagraph (C).
                                ``(ii) Repayment required.--If the
                            Secretary determines that amounts made
                            available under this paragraph were expended
                            for costs that are not eligible under this
                            paragraph, the Secretary shall require
                            repayment of such amounts and may take such
                            other action as the Secretary determines
                            appropriate under the grant agreement.
                        ``(G) Sunset.--This paragraph shall cease to be
                    effective on October 1, 2031.''; and
                (8) by striking subsection (s).

    SEC. 1106. NATIONAL HIGHWAY PERFORMANCE PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 119(e) of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:
                ``(5) Requirement for plan.--
                        ``(A) In general.--
                                ``(i) Determination of compliance.--Once
                            every 2 years, the Secretary shall make a
                            determination as to whether each State has
                            developed and implemented a State asset
                            management plan consistent with this section.
                                ``(ii) Federal share for noncompliant
                            state.--Notwithstanding section 120, for any
                            State the Secretary has determined has not
                            developed and implemented such a plan, the
                            Federal share payable on account of any project
                            or activity for which funds are obligated by
                            the State under this section shall be 65
                            percent.
                        ``(B) Application.--
                                ``(i) Compliant states.--A determination of
                            compliance under subparagraph (A) shall apply
                            until the next recertification date under such
                            subparagraph and paragraph (6)(B).
                                ``(ii) Noncompliant states.--A
                            determination of noncompliance under
                            subparagraph (A) shall apply during the period
                            beginning on the date of the determination and
                            ending on the date on which the Secretary
                            determines that the State is in compliance
                            pursuant to subparagraph (E)(i).
                        ``(C) Submission.--
                                ``(i) In general.--A State shall submit to
                            the Secretary information to support a
                            determination under subparagraph (A) in
                            conjunction with a submission with respect to
                            recertification under paragraph (6)(B).
                                ``(ii) Requirements.--For purposes of
                            subparagraph (A) and paragraph (6)(B), a
                            submission of a State shall--
                                        ``(I) be considered sufficient with
                                    respect to the time period if the
                                    submission is for the most recent year;
                                    and
                                        ``(II) for applicable years other
                                    than the most recent year, include a
                                    certification by the State that the
                                    asset management undertaken in such
                                    applicable years by the State meets the
                                    requirements of this subsection.
                        ``(D) Opportunity to cure.--
                                ``(i) In general.--If the Secretary
                            determines that a State is not in compliance
                            under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall
                            provide to the State--
                                        ``(I) a written statement of the
                                    specific actions the Secretary
                                    determines to be necessary for the
                                    State to come into compliance with this
                                    section; and
                                        ``(II) a period of not less than 90
                                    days to cure the deficiencies, during
                                    which all penalties and other legal
                                    impacts of a determination of
                                    noncompliance shall be stayed.
                                ``(ii) Extension.--The Secretary, upon
                            request of a State, may extend the time period
                            described in clause (i)(II), including the stay
                            of all penalties and other legal impacts of a
                            determination of noncompliance.''; and
                (2) in paragraph (6) by striking subparagraph (C) and
            inserting the following:
                        ``(C) Opportunity to cure.--
                                ``(i) In general.--If the Secretary denies
                            certification under subparagraph (A), the
                            Secretary shall provide the State with--
                                        ``(I) not less than 90 days to cure
                                    the deficiencies of the plan, during
                                    which time period all penalties and
                                    other legal impacts of a denial of
                                    certification shall be stayed; and
                                        ``(II) a written statement of the
                                    specific actions the Secretary
                                    determines to be necessary for the
                                    State to cure the plan.
                                ``(ii) Extension.--The Secretary, upon
                            request of a State, may extend the time period
                            described in clause (i)(I), including the stay
                            of all penalties and other legal impacts of a
                            denial of certification.''.
        (b) Regional Advance Mitigation.--Section 119(g) of title 23,
    United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)(ii) by inserting ``and
                    regional advance mitigation programs'' after ``banks'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) by inserting ``and the establishment
                            of'' after ``contributions to''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``, plans, and programs''
                            after ``efforts''; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (C)--
                                (i) by inserting ``and programs'' after
                            ``protection plans''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``and advance mitigation
                            programs'' after ``restoration plans'';
                (2) in paragraph (2) by striking ``and plans'' and
            inserting ``plans, and programs'' each place it appears; and
                (3) in paragraph (3)(B)--
                        (A) by inserting ``or State- or regionally-
                    sponsored advance mitigation program'' after ``agency-
                    sponsored mitigation bank'';
                        (B) by striking ``funded'' and inserting
                    ``eligible'' each place it appears; and
                        (C) by inserting ``or advance mitigation program
                    credits'' after ``credits'' each place it appears.
        (c) Regulations Required.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall revise any regulations
    necessary to carry out the amendments made by subsection (a).

    SEC. 1107. FEDERAL SHARE.

        Section 120(c) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``closure'' and inserting
            ``closure or improvements''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) Metropolitan planning.--Except as otherwise provided
            under this title, the Federal share payable for an activity
            carried out under section 134 shall be 90 percent.''.

    SEC. 1108. BRIDGE PROGRAMS.

        (a) In General.--Section 124 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended to read as follows:
    ``Sec. 124. Grants for rebuilding America's vital engineering
                  structures program
        ``(a) State Apportionment Mechanism.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program
            to provide grants to each State in accordance with the
            apportionment formula described in paragraph (3) for the
            construction of new bridges and to improve the safety,
            efficiency, reliability, capacity, and utility of bridges and
            other structures in the United States.
                ``(2) Eligible projects.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Funds apportioned to a State
                    under this subsection may only be obligated for
                    projects to construct, replace, rehabilitate, preserve,
                    protect, expand, or improve--
                                ``(i) a bridge on a public road; or
                                ``(ii) a culvert.
                        ``(B) Costs.--A grant provided for an eligible
                    project described in subparagraph (A) may be used for--
                                ``(i) development phase activities,
                            including planning, feasibility analysis,
                            revenue forecasting, environmental review,
                            preliminary engineering and design work, and
                            other preconstruction activities;
                                ``(ii) construction, reconstruction,
                            rehabilitation, acquisition of real property
                            (including land related to the project and
                            improvements to the land), environmental
                            mitigation, construction contingencies,
                            acquisition of equipment, and operational
                            improvements directly related to improving
                            system performance; and
                                ``(iii) expenses relating to the protection
                            of a bridge (including as described in section
                            133(b)(10)).
                        ``(C) Bundling of bridge projects.--Projects
                    bundled pursuant to section 144(j) shall be considered
                    eligible under subparagraph (A).
                ``(3) Apportionment.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Amounts made available to carry
                    out this subsection for a fiscal year shall be
                    apportioned among each State as follows:
                                ``(i) $75,000,000 shall be apportioned to
                            each State.
                                ``(ii) The remainder of amounts not
                            otherwise distributed under clause (i) shall be
                            apportioned among each State as follows:
                                        ``(I) 25 percent by the proportion
                                    of the total bridge deck area in such
                                    State that bears to the sum of total
                                    bridge deck area in all States.
                                        ``(II) 25 percent by the proportion
                                    of the total bridge deck area
                                    classified as in poor condition in such
                                    State that bears to the sum of the
                                    total bridge deck area classified in
                                    poor condition in all States.
                                        ``(III) 25 percent by the
                                    proportion of the total bridge deck
                                    area of bridges on the National Highway
                                    System in such State that bears to the
                                    sum of the total National Highway
                                    System bridge deck area in all States.
                                        ``(IV) 25 percent by the proportion
                                    of the total bridge deck area of
                                    bridges on the National Highway System
                                    that is classified as in poor condition
                                    in such State that bears to the sum of
                                    the total bridge deck area of bridges
                                    on the National Highway System that is
                                    classified as in poor condition in all
                                    States.
                        ``(B) Minimum apportionment.--Notwithstanding
                    subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall adjust the
                    amounts apportioned to each State to ensure that each
                    State receives an amount equal to at least the amount
                    such State received in fiscal year 2026 under paragraph
                    (1) under the heading `Highway Infrastructure Programs'
                    in title VIII of division J of the Infrastructure
                    Investment and Jobs Act (135 Stat. 1420), commonly
                    referred to as the `Bridge Formula Program'.
                        ``(C) Set aside for off-system bridges.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided under
                            clause (ii), of the amounts apportioned to a
                            State under this paragraph for each fiscal
                            year, the State shall ensure that not less than
                            20 percent of such amounts are used for
                            purposes relating to off-system bridges (as
                            defined in section 133(f)(1)).
                                ``(ii) Exception.--The Secretary, in
                            consultation with relevant State and local
                            officials, may reduce the set aside requirement
                            for a State under clause (i) if the Secretary
                            determines that the State has an insufficient
                            number of projects relating to off-system
                            bridges.
                                ``(iii) Local consultation.--In determining
                            the off-system bridges for which amounts shall
                            be set aside under this subparagraph shall be
                            used, each State shall consult with, as
                            applicable, relevant metropolitan planning
                            organizations, regional transportation planning
                            organizations, and other non-State owners of
                            off-system bridges.
                                ``(iv) Inclusion of locally-owned
                            bridges.--Amounts set aside under subparagraph
                            (D) that are used for purposes relating to
                            locally-owned bridges that are off-system
                            bridges shall count towards the amount required
                            to be used for off-system bridges by a State
                            under clause (i).
                        ``(D) Set aside for locally-owned bridges.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided under
                            clause (ii), of the amounts apportioned to a
                            State under this paragraph for each fiscal
                            year, the State shall set aside not less than
                            25 percent to fund a competitive process for
                            locally-owned bridges as described in clause
                            (iv) of this subparagraph.
                                ``(ii) Exception.--The Secretary, in
                            consultation with relevant State and local
                            officials, may reduce the set aside requirement
                            for a State under clause (i) only if the
                            Secretary determines that the State has an
                            insufficient number of projects relating to
                            locally-owned bridges.
                                ``(iii) Competitive process.--A State
                            required to obligate funds in accordance with
                            this subparagraph shall conduct a competitive
                            process to select projects for funding.
                                ``(iv) Locally-owned bridge defined.--In
                            this subsection, the term `locally-owned
                            bridge' means a bridge owned by a county, town,
                            township, city, municipality, or other local
                            entity.
                        ``(E) Limitation.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii), of the amounts apportioned to a
                            State under this paragraph for each fiscal
                            year, the State may use not more than 5 percent
                            of such amounts for projects that consist
                            solely of culvert replacement or
                            rehabilitation.
                                ``(ii) Exception.--The limitation under
                            clause (i) shall not apply if a State is
                            required by an injunction issued by a Federal
                            court to modify or replace culverts.
                        ``(F) National bridge inventory.--For purposes of
                    determining the amount apportioned to each State
                    pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall
                    calculate such formula using the most recently
                    available data from the national bridge inventory
                    established under section 144(b).
                        ``(G) Non-applicability.--Section 165(b)(3) shall
                    not apply to amounts apportioned under this subsection.
                ``(4) Cost share.--The Federal share of the cost of a
            project carried out under this subsection shall be determined
            in accordance with section 120, except that, in the case of
            such a project for an off-system bridge that is a locally-owned
            bridge or is owned by a federally-recognized Tribe, the Federal
            share shall be 95 percent.
                ``(5) Transfers.--A State may only transfer amounts
            apportioned under this subsection if the Secretary determines
            that the State has an insufficient number of eligible projects
            for which such amounts may be used.
                ``(6) Treatment of projects.--Notwithstanding any other
            provision of law, a project carried out with amounts
            apportioned under this subsection shall be treated as a project
            on a Federal-aid highway under this chapter.
                ``(7) Set aside for tribal transportation facility
            bridges.--Of the amounts made available to carry out this
            subsection, the Secretary shall set aside 3 percent to carry
            out section 202(d).
                ``(8) Set-aside for culverts.--Of amounts made available to
            carry out this subsection, $200,000,000 for each fiscal year
            through fiscal year 2031 shall be available to the Secretary,
            through the Administrator of the Federal Highway
            Administration, to make competitive grants under section 6703
            of title 49.
                ``(9) Reports.--
                        ``(A) Reports to secretary.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Each State that receives
                            a grant under this section shall submit to the
                            Secretary, on an annual basis, a report
                            describing--
                                        ``(I) progress made in completing
                                    projects with funds apportioned under
                                    this subsection; and
                                        ``(II) the effectiveness of such
                                    projects in reducing the number of
                                    bridges in poor condition and that
                                    require posted weight restrictions.
                                ``(ii) Publication.--The Secretary shall
                            publish each report submitted under clause (i)
                            on a publicly available website of the
                            Secretary.
                        ``(B) Report to congress.--The Secretary shall
                    submit to the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committee on Environment and Public Works of the
                    Senate, and make publicly available, an annual report
                    describing--
                                ``(i) projects carried out under this
                            subsection;
                                ``(ii) national trends regarding the
                            condition of bridges, including the
                            effectiveness of such projects in reducing the
                            number of bridges in poor condition and that
                            require posted weight restrictions; and
                                ``(iii) policy recommendations to improve
                            the effectiveness of the State apportionment
                            mechanism established under this subsection.
        ``(b) Bridge Completion Program.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program
            for the purpose of awarding grants, on a competitive basis, to
            eligible entities to improve the safety, efficiency,
            reliability, capacity, and utility of bridges in the United
            States.
                ``(2) Eligible projects.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A grant provided under this
                    subsection may only be used for projects to construct,
                    replace, rehabilitate, preserve, protect, expand, or
                    improve a bridge on the National Highway System.
                        ``(B) Inclusion.--In this subsection, the term
                    `eligible project' includes--
                                ``(i) a bundle of projects described in
                            subparagraph (A), regardless of whether the
                            bundle of projects meets the requirements of
                            section 144(j)(5); and
                                ``(ii) a project to replace or rehabilitate
                            culverts that is eligible under section 176(d).
                        ``(C) Costs.--A grant provided for a project
                    described in subparagraph (A) may be used for--
                                ``(i) development phase activities,
                            including planning, feasibility analysis,
                            revenue forecasting, environmental review,
                            preliminary engineering and design work, and
                            other preconstruction activities;
                                ``(ii) construction, reconstruction,
                            rehabilitation, acquisition of real property
                            (including land related to the project and
                            improvements to the land), environmental
                            mitigation, construction contingencies,
                            acquisition of equipment, and operational
                            improvements directly related to improving
                            system performance; and
                                ``(iii) expenses related to the protection
                            of a bridge as described in section 133(b)(10).
                ``(3) Grant amounts.--A grant provided under this
            subsection shall be--
                        ``(A) in an amount that is sufficient (in
                    combination with other financial resources identified
                    in the application for such grant) to fully fund the
                    project for which the grant is awarded; and
                        ``(B) not less than $50,000,000.
                ``(4) Cost share.--
                        ``(A) Federal share.--The amount of assistance
                    provided by the Secretary under this subsection for a
                    project shall not exceed 50 percent of the total cost
                    of the project.
                        ``(B) Other funds.--Federal assistance other than a
                    grant provided under this subsection may be used to
                    satisfy the non-Federal share of the cost of a project
                    for which a grant is provided under this subsection,
                    except that the total Federal assistance provided for
                    such a project may not exceed the applicable Federal
                    share for the project under section 120.
                        ``(C) Federal land management agencies and tribal
                    governments.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
                    law, Federal assistance other than a grant provided
                    under this subsection may be used to pay the remaining
                    share of the cost of a project carried out with a grant
                    provided under this subsection by a Federal land
                    management agency or a Tribal government or consortium
                    of Tribal governments.
                ``(5) Competitive process and evaluation.--
                        ``(A) Applications.--To be eligible for a grant
                    under this subsection, an eligible entity shall submit
                    to the Secretary an application at such time, in such
                    manner, and containing such information as the
                    Secretary may require, including all necessary
                    information required for the Secretary to--
                                ``(i) determine that the project meets and
                            will continue to meet the applicable
                            requirements under this subsection; and
                                ``(ii) otherwise evaluate the project,
                            including using the criteria described in
                            subparagraph (B).
                        ``(B) Considerations.--In selecting projects for
                    which to provide a grant under this subsection, the
                    Secretary shall consider the following:
                                ``(i) The average daily person and freight
                            throughput expected to be supported by the
                            project.
                                ``(ii) The expected safety benefits of the
                            project.
                                ``(iii) The expected national or regional
                            economic benefits of the project.
                                ``(iv) In the case of a project that is
                            bundled with related projects, the extent to
                            which the project will demonstrate cost
                            savings.
                                ``(v) In the case of a project proposed to
                            be carried out by a Federal land management
                            agency, the extent to which the grant would
                            reduce a Federal liability or Federal
                            infrastructure maintenance backlog.
                                ``(vi) Geographic diversity among grant
                            recipients, including the need to balance
                            between the needs of rural and urban
                            communities.
                                ``(vii) The extent to which the project is
                            for a bridge in poor condition or at risk of
                            falling into poor condition.
                                ``(viii) The extent to which the project is
                            for a bridge that does not meet the most up-to-
                            date geometric design standards based on the
                            type and use of the bridge.
                                ``(ix) The extent to which the project is
                            for a bridge that does not meet the most up-to-
                            date seismic design standards or incorporate
                            adequate impact protection measures.
                ``(6) TIFIA program.--On the request of an eligible entity
            carrying out a project with a grant provided under this
            subsection, the Secretary may use amounts awarded to the entity
            to pay subsidy and administrative costs necessary to provide to
            the entity Federal credit assistance under chapter 6 with
            respect to the project for which the grant was awarded.
                ``(7) Multiyear agreements.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A project carried out with a
                    grant provided under this subsection may be carried out
                    through a multiyear grant agreement in accordance with
                    this paragraph.
                        ``(B) Requirements.--A multiyear grant agreement
                    for a project described in subparagraph (A) shall--
                                ``(i) establish the terms of participation
                            by the Federal Government in the project;
                                ``(ii) establish the maximum amount of
                            Federal financial assistance for the project in
                            accordance with paragraph (4);
                                ``(iii) establish a payout schedule for the
                            project that provides for disbursement of the
                            full grant amount by not later than 4 fiscal
                            years after the fiscal year in which the
                            initial amount is provided;
                                ``(iv) determine the period of time for
                            completing the project, even if the period
                            extends beyond the period of an authorization;
                            and
                                ``(v) attempt to improve timely and
                            efficient management of the project, consistent
                            with all applicable Federal laws (including
                            regulations).
                        ``(C) Special financial rules.--
                                ``(i) In general.--A multiyear grant
                            agreement under this paragraph--
                                        ``(I) shall obligate an amount of
                                    available budget authority specified in
                                    law; and
                                        ``(II) may include a commitment,
                                    contingent on an amount to be specified
                                    in law in advance for commitments under
                                    this paragraph, to obligate an
                                    additional amount from future available
                                    budget authority specified in law.
                                ``(ii) Statement of contingent
                            commitment.--The agreement shall state that the
                            contingent commitment is not an obligation of
                            the Federal Government.
                                ``(iii) Interests and other financing
                            costs.--
                                        ``(I) In general.--Interest and
                                    other financing costs of carrying out a
                                    part of the project within a reasonable
                                    time shall be considered a cost of
                                    carrying out the project under a
                                    multiyear grant agreement, except that
                                    the eligible costs may not be more than
                                    the cost of the most favorable
                                    financing terms reasonably available
                                    for the project at the time of
                                    borrowing.
                                        ``(II) Certification.--The
                                    applicant shall certify to the
                                    Secretary that the applicant has shown
                                    reasonable diligence in seeking the
                                    most favorable financing terms.
                                ``(iv) Advance payment.--Notwithstanding
                            any other provision of law, an eligible entity
                            carrying out a project under a multiyear grant
                            agreement--
                                        ``(I) may use funds made available
                                    to the entity under this title for
                                    eligible project costs of the project
                                    until the amount specified in the
                                    multiyear grant agreement for the
                                    project for that fiscal year becomes
                                    available for obligation; and
                                        ``(II) if the eligible entity uses
                                    funds described in subclause (I), the
                                    funds used shall be reimbursed from the
                                    amount made available under the
                                    multiyear grant agreement for the
                                    project.
                ``(8) Undertaking parts of projects in advance under
            letters of no prejudice.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may pay to an
                    eligible entity all eligible project costs described in
                    paragraph (2)(B), including costs for an activity for a
                    project incurred prior to the date on which the project
                    receives funding under this subsection if--
                                ``(i) before the eligible entity carries
                            out the activity, the Secretary approves
                            through a letter to the applicant the activity
                            in the same manner as the Secretary approves
                            other activities as eligible under this
                            subsection;
                                ``(ii) a record of decision, a finding of
                            no significant impact, or a categorical
                            exclusion under the National Environmental
                            Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) has
                            been issued for the project; and
                                ``(iii) the activity is initially carried
                            out without Federal assistance and in
                            accordance with all applicable procedures and
                            requirements.
                        ``(B) Interests and other financing costs.--
                                ``(i) In general.--For the purposes of
                            subparagraph (A), the cost of carrying out an
                            activity for a project under this subsection
                            includes the amount of interest and other
                            financing costs, including any interest earned
                            and payable on bonds, to the extent the
                            interest and other financing costs are expended
                            in carrying out the activity for the project,
                            except that interest and other financing costs
                            may not be more than the cost of the most
                            favorable financing terms reasonably available
                            for the project at the time of borrowing.
                                ``(ii) Certification.--The applicant shall
                            certify to the Secretary that the applicant has
                            shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most
                            favorable financing terms under clause (i).
                        ``(C) No obligation.--An approval by the Secretary
                    under subparagraph (A)(i) shall not constitute an
                    obligation of the Federal Government.
                ``(9) Divestiture consideration for federally-owned
            bridges.--In the case of a bridge owned by a Federal land
            management agency for which the agency applies for a grant
            under this subsection, the agency--
                        ``(A) shall consider options to divest the bridge
                    to a State or local entity after completion of the
                    project; and
                        ``(B) may apply jointly with the State or local
                    entity to which the bridge may be divested.
                ``(10) Treatment of projects.--Notwithstanding any other
            provision of law, a project assisted under this subsection
            shall be treated as a project on a Federal-aid highway under
            this chapter.
                ``(11) Congressional notification.--Not later than 3 days
            before providing a grant for a project under this subsection,
            the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation
            and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a
            written notification of such grant.
                ``(12) Eligible entity defined.--In this subsection, the
            term `eligible entity' means any of the following:
                        ``(A) A State or a group of States.
                        ``(B) A metropolitan planning organization that
                    serves an urbanized area (as designated by the Bureau
                    of Census) with a population over 200,000.
                        ``(C) A unit of local government or group of local
                    governments.
                        ``(D) A political subdivision of a State or local
                    government.
                        ``(E) A special purpose district or public
                    authority with a transportation function.
                        ``(F) A Federal land management agency.
                        ``(G) A Tribal government or a consortium of Tribal
                    governments.
                        ``(H) A multistate or multijurisdictional group of
                    entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (G).''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    124 and inserting the following:

    ``124. Grants for rebuilding America's vital engineering structures
                                program.''.

    SEC. 1109. EMERGENCY RELIEF.

        (a) In General.--Section 125 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)(ii) by inserting
                            ``or is a protective feature described in
                            paragraph (3)(B)'' after ``natural disasters'';
                            and
                                (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) Improvement.--An improvement that is part of
                    a project under this section shall be considered
                    economically justifiable by the Secretary if a State
                    transportation department includes, with an application
                    submitted under this section, a supporting narrative
                    explanation demonstrating that the anticipated benefits
                    of the improvement will exceed the costs.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3)(A) by striking ``that will
                    mitigate the risk of recurring damage or the cost of
                    future repair from extreme weather, flooding, and other
                    natural disasters'' and inserting ``described in
                    subparagraph (B)''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Exception to application deadline.--Notwithstanding
            paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary may accept an application from
            a State transportation department after the 2-year deadline
            described in such paragraph if the Secretary finds that such
            application was delayed due to the lack of necessary permits or
            approvals relating to the repair or reconstruction of highways
            on Federal-aid highways.''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(h) Deadline for Construction Obligation.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            law, the Secretary may not require any project funded under
            this section to advance to the construction obligation stage
            before the date that is the last day of the fourth fiscal year
            after the later of--
                        ``(A) the date on which the Governor of the State
                    declared the emergency, as described in subsection
                    (d)(1)(A); or
                        ``(B) the date on which the President declared a
                    major disaster, as described in subsection (d)(1)(A).
                ``(2) Extension of deadline.--The Secretary may extend the
            deadline under paragraph (1) for not more than 1 year, and may
            issue additional extensions for a period of not more than 1
            year after the expiration of any extension, if the Secretary
            determines the Governor of the State has provided suitable
            justification to warrant such an extension.
                ``(3) Requirement.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2), the
            Secretary shall extend the deadline under paragraph (1) for not
            more than 1 year, and shall issue additional extensions for a
            period of not more than 1 year after the expiration of any
            extension, if the Secretary finds that a project under this
            section has been delayed due to the lack of necessary permits
            or approvals relating to the repair or reconstructing of
            highways on Federal-aid highways.''.
        (b) Updates to Emergency Relief Manual.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall revise the emergency
            relief manual of the Federal Highway Administration to--
                        (A) reflect amendments made by subsection (a); and
                        (B) to include objective reimbursement thresholds
                    and measurement procedures for debris removal and
                    signal repairs.
                (2) Training for states.--The Secretary, acting through the
            Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, shall
            provide to State departments of transportation training
            relating to revisions made to the emergency relief manual
            pursuant to paragraph (1).
                (3) Future updates to emergency relief manual.--After
            completing the revisions required under paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall update the emergency relief manual of the
            Federal Highway Administration not less frequently than once
            every 3 years.

    SEC. 1110. TOLL ROADS, BRIDGES, TUNNELS, AND FERRIES.

        Section 129 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (9)(A) by striking ``that serves
                    the public'' and inserting ``in scheduled or charter
                    service''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (11) by adding at the end the
                    following:
                        ``(F) Charter service.--The term `charter service'
                    has the meaning given the term in section 604.3 of
                    title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.''; and
                (2) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the following:
        ``(d) Exception.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            this title, or any regulation thereunder, Presidio County,
            Texas, may impose and collect tolls on the Presidio-Ojinaga
            International Bridge or for the use thereof, provided that
            Presidio County obtains the ownership interest of the State of
            Texas before imposing and collecting such tolls.
                ``(2) Use of revenues.--Presidio County, Texas, shall use
            any revenues received under the authority of this subsection
            for preventative and routine maintenance of roadways located in
            such County and related costs.''.

    SEC. 1111. RAILWAY-HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSINGS.

        (a) In General.--Section 130 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``elimination of hazards
            of railway-highway crossings'' and inserting ``reduction or
            elimination of hazards of railway-highway crossings, including
            installing protective devices such as quad gates,'';
                (2) in subsection (e)(1)(A) by striking ``2022 through
            2026'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031'';
                (3) in subsection (i)(3)(B) by inserting ``(as adjusted
            annually by the Secretary beginning in fiscal year 2027 to
            reflect any increases in the Consumer Price Index prepared by
            the Department of Labor)'' after ``$100,000''; and
                (4) in subsection (k) by striking ``8'' and inserting
            ``4''.
        (b) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the
    Federal Highway Administration, shall issue guidance describing the
    types of projects under section 130(e)(1)(B) of title 23, United States
    Code, for which a State may use funds set aside under section
    130(e)(1)(A) of such title.

    SEC. 1112. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 133 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) by striking ``low water crossing'' and inserting ``low-
            water crossing'' each place it appears;
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (E) by striking
                            ``section 1401 of MAP-21 (23 U.S.C. 137 note)''
                            and inserting ``section 180'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (F) by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (iii) in subparagraph (G) by striking the
                            period and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(H) infrastructure to improve the ability of an
                    existing surface transportation asset to--
                                ``(i) withstand 1 or more elements of a
                            weather event or natural disaster; or
                                ``(ii) increase the resilience of surface
                            transportation infrastructure from the impacts
                            of natural disasters.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (7) by striking ``,,'' and
                    inserting a comma;
                        (C) in paragraph (11) by inserting ``and rail''
                    before ``planning'';
                        (D) in paragraph (16) by inserting ``, and digital
                    infrastructure'' before the period at the end;
                        (E) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (24) as
                    paragraphs (4) through (23), respectively; and
                        (F) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(24) Projects described in subsections (a), (d), and (e)
            of section 176.
                ``(25) Planning, design, construction, and improvements
            associated with a passenger rail station or equipment that
            serves a State-supported route (as such term is defined in
            section 24102 of title 49).'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``a new bridge
                    or'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``paragraphs (5)
                    through (15) and paragraph (23) of subsection (b)'' and
                    inserting ``paragraphs (4) through (14) and paragraph
                    (22) of subsection (b)''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (5) by striking ``by the
                    Secretary'' and inserting ``in subsection (f)(1)'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A) by striking ``2022 through
                    2026'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3)(A)(ii) by striking ``2022
                    through 2026'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031'';
                (5) in subsection (e)(1) by striking ``2022 through 2026''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031'';
                (6) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Low-water crossing.--The term `low-water
                    crossing' means a waterway crossing for a public road
                    (other than a bridge) that has been improved to be--
                                ``(i) passable by vehicles during periods
                            of ordinary stream flow; and
                                ``(ii) impassable by vehicles during
                            periods of high stream flow.
                        ``(B) Off-system bridge.--The term `off-system
                    bridge' means a bridge or low water crossing that--
                                ``(i) is located on a public road that is
                            not a Federal-aid highway; and
                                ``(ii) is greater than 6 feet in length.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``and (10) of subsection
                            (b)'' and inserting ``and (9) of subsection
                            (b)'';
                                (ii) by striking ``low water crossings
                            with'' and inserting ``low-water crossings
                            with''; and
                                (iii) by striking ``subsection (b)(10) for
                            low water crossings (as defined by the
                            Secretary)'' and inserting ``subsection (b)(9)
                            for low-water crossings''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (3) by striking ``(as defined by
                    the Secretary)'';
                (7) in subsection (h)(7)--
                        (A) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as
                    subparagraph (E); and
                        (B) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the
                    following:
                        ``(B) Flexible financing.--Notwithstanding section
                    120--
                                ``(i) the non-Federal share for a project
                            under this subsection may be calculated on a
                            project, multiple-project, or program basis;
                            and
                                ``(ii) the Federal share of the cost of an
                            individual project under this subsection may be
                            up to 100 percent.
                        ``(C) Treatment as non-federal share.--
                    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, funds made
                    available to carry out section 148 may be credited
                    toward the non-Federal share of the costs of a project
                    under this subsection if--
                                ``(i) a project that is otherwise eligible
                            under this subsection includes a Proven Safety
                            Countermeasure for bicyclists or pedestrians,
                            as determined by the Administrator of the
                            Federal Highway Administration on the day
                            before the date of enactment of the BUILD
                            America 250 Act; and
                                ``(ii) the proposed project--
                                        ``(I) supports State highway safety
                                    objectives as determined by--
                                                ``(aa) the inclusion of an
                                            emphasis area related to
                                            vulnerable road users within a
                                            relevant State strategic
                                            highway safety plan; or
                                                ``(bb) a description of the
                                            proposed project in a program
                                            of projects or strategies
                                            developed pursuant to section
                                            148(l); or
                                        ``(II) is included in a data-driven
                                    local roadway safety plan, including--
                                                ``(aa) a complete streets
                                            prioritization plan described
                                            in section 11206 of the Surface
                                            Transportation Reauthorization
                                            Act of 2021 (23 U.S.C. 134
                                            note);
                                                ``(bb) a transition plan
                                            described in section 35.150(d)
                                            of title 28, Code of Federal
                                            Regulations (or successor
                                            regulations) (commonly known as
                                            an `ADA Transition Plan');
                                                ``(cc) a Tribal
                                            transportation safety plan; or
                                                ``(dd) a comprehensive
                                            safety action plan (as defined
                                            in section 155).'';
                (8) in subsection (j)(2) by inserting ``, a community in an
            urban area with a population of less than 10,000,'' after
            ``rural community'';
                (9) in subsection (k)(1)(B)(i) by striking ``14501'' and
            inserting ``section 14501''; and
                (10) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(l) Limitation on Planning Requirements.--Nothing in this section
    requires a metropolitan planning organization or a State to develop a
    resilience improvement plan or to include a resilience improvement plan
    in a metropolitan transportation plan under section 134 or a long-range
    statewide transportation plan under section 135, as applicable.
        ``(m) Rail Limitation.--Not more than 5 percent of the funds
    apportioned to a State under section 104(b)(2) may be used for a
    project described in subsection (b)(25) that was not eligible under
    this section on the date prior to the date of enactment of the BUILD
    America 250 Act.''.
        (b) Transferability.--Section 126(b)(2)(B) of title 23, United
    States Code, is amended--
                (1) in clause (i) by striking the semicolon at the end and
            inserting a period;
                (2) by striking ``Secretary'' and all that follows through
            ``held'' and inserting ``State certifies to the Secretary that
            the State held''; and
                (3) by striking clauses (ii) and (iii).
        (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 165(c)(7) of title 23, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``section 133(b)(13)'' and
    inserting ``section 133(b)(12)''.

    SEC. 1113. TRANSPORTATION PLANNING.

        (a) Metropolitan Transportation Planning.--Section 134 of title 23,
    United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (7) as
                    paragraphs (6) through (8), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
                ``(5) Primary urbanized area.--The term `primary urbanized
            area' means an urbanized area that--
                        ``(A) has a population of at least 3,500,000
                    individuals, as determined by the Bureau of Census; or
                        ``(B) extends into more than 1 State and has a
                    population of at least 200,000, as determined by the
                    Bureau of Census.'';
                (2) in subsection (f)(1) by striking ``metropolitan area
            and'' and inserting ``metropolitan area, including primary
            urbanized areas that extend into more than 1 State in
            accordance with section 5308 of title 49, and'';
                (3) in subsection (j)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by adding at the end the
                    following:
                        ``(E) Exception.--Notwithstanding any other
                    provision of law, the amendment of an approved TIP to
                    add a project or an identified phase of a project shall
                    not require public review and comment if the added
                    project or the identified phase--
                                ``(i) was in the approved TIP that
                            immediately preceded the current TIP; and
                                ``(ii) is unchanged from the project or the
                            identified phase in the preceding TIP.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (5)(A) by striking ``subsection
                    (k)(4)'' and inserting ``subsection (k)(5)'';
                (4) in subsection (k)(4)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``In general.''
                    and inserting ``Housing coordination process.'';
                        (B) by striking subparagraph (B);
                        (C) in subparagraph (C)--
                                (i) by striking ``Plan'' and all that
                            follows through ``A metropolitan planning
                            organization'' and inserting ``Plan.--A
                            metropolitan planning organization''; and
                                (ii) by striking clause (ii); and
                        (D) by redesignating subparagraph (C), as amended,
                    as subparagraph (B); and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(s) Additional Uses of Metropolitan Planning Funding.--In
    addition to carrying out the purposes of this section, funds
    apportioned under section 104(b)(6) of this title and section 5313(f)
    of title 49 to States and metropolitan planning organizations may be
    used for--
                ``(1) fiscal administration of local projects;
                ``(2) preliminary design;
                ``(3) local technical assistance;
                ``(4) studies directly linked to transportation; and
                ``(5) critical data procurement.''.
        (b) Statewide and Nonmetropolitan Transportation Planning.--Section
    135 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (e)(3) by striking the period at the end
            and inserting ``, including primary urbanized areas that extend
            to more than 1 State in accordance with section 5308 of title
            49.''; and
                (2) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph
                    (10); and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following:
                ``(9) Exception.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            law, the amendment of an approved transportation improvement
            program to add a project or an identified phase of a project
            shall not require public review and comment if the added
            project or the identified phase--
                        ``(A) was in the approved transportation
                    improvement program that immediately preceded the
                    current transportation improvement program; and
                        ``(B) is unchanged from the project or the
                    identified phase in the preceding transportation
                    improvement program.''.
        (c) Travel Demand Data Modeling.--Section 11205(b) of the Surface
    Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021 (23 U.S.C. 134 note) is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph
            (A), by striking ``Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act,'' and inserting ``Not later than 1 year
            after the date of enactment of BUILD America 250 Act,'';
                (2) in paragraph (3) by striking ``The Secretary'' and
            inserting ``Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
            of BUILD America 250 Act, the Secretary''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Notification to congress.--The Secretary shall notify
            the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
            of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public
            Works of the Senate when the requirements of this subsection
            have been met.
                ``(5) Report on delay.--If the Secretary will not meet the
            deadline under paragraph (1) or paragraph (3), before the date
            on which such deadline has not been met, the Secretary shall
            submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
            the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment
            and Public Works of the Senate a report stating the reason for
            the delay and actions taken to meet the requirements of this
            subsection.''.
        (d) Direct Recipient Status of Metropolitan Planning
    Organizations.--
                (1) Direct recipient status.--Not later than 180 days after
            the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
            establish a process by which a metropolitan planning
            organization may qualify as a direct recipient of funds
            apportioned or made available under section 104(b)(6) of title
            23, United States Code.
                (2) Process.--The process under paragraph (1)--
                        (A) shall ensure metropolitan planning
                    organizations may apply on a rolling basis to become
                    direct recipients under this subsection;
                        (B) shall evaluate whether a metropolitan planning
                    organization qualifies as a direct recipient based on
                    the legal, technical, and financial capacity of such
                    organization to receive and appropriately manage
                    Federal funding and funding requirements;
                        (C) may occur concurrently with the recertification
                    process under section 134(k)(6) of title 23, United
                    States Code; and
                        (D) shall, not later than 1 year after the date of
                    enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, establish a
                    process to enable a direct recipient designated under
                    this subsection to use a Federal-aid financial
                    management system, subject to paragraph (4), in a
                    manner similar to a State.
                (3) Direct allocation of federal planning funds.--When the
            Secretary annually apportions or makes available funds
            described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall directly
            allocate to any direct recipient designated under this
            subsection--
                        (A) contract authority apportioned under section
                    104(b)(6) of title 23, United States Code, in an amount
                    consistent with the allocation process under section
                    104(d)(2) of such title for such direct recipient; and
                        (B) an amount of obligation authority distributed
                    to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway
                    safety construction programs that is equal to the
                    amounts specified in subparagraph (A).
                (4) Responsibilities.--As determined to be appropriate by
            the Secretary, a direct recipient of funds under this
            subsection shall be responsible for compliance with all legal
            requirements associated with such funding, including any
            requirements applicable to a State under section 106 of title
            23, United States Code.

    SEC. 1114. HIGHWAY USE TAX EVASION PROJECTS.

        Section 143(b)(2)(A) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``fiscal years 2022 through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal
    years 2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 1115. NATIONAL BRIDGE AND TUNNEL INVENTORY AND INSPECTION
                  STANDARDS.

        (a) In General.--Section 144 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1)(A) by striking ``the condition of
            the bridges'' and all that follows through ``bridge
            conditions'' and inserting ``the continuous improvement of
            bridge conditions in the United States'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3) by adding ``and'' at the end;
                        (B) in paragraph (4) by striking the semicolon at
                    the end and inserting a period; and
                        (C) by striking paragraphs (5) and (6);
                (3) in subsection (h)(4)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``annually''
                    and inserting ``biennially''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``an annual''
                    and inserting ``a biennial''; and
                (4) in subsection (j)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2) by striking ``or 133.'' and
                    inserting ``, 124, or 133.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3)(A) by striking ``or 133;'' and
                    inserting ``, 124, or 133;'' and
                        (C) by striking paragraph (5).
        (b) Conforming Regulations.--The Secretary shall revise subparts C
    and E of part 650 of subchapter G of chapter 1 of title 23, Code of
    Federal Regulations, as necessary to conform to the amendments made by
    subsection (a)(3).

    SEC. 1116. CONSTRUCTION OF FERRY BOATS AND FERRY TERMINAL FACILITIES.

        Section 147 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by striking
    subsection (h) and inserting the following:
        ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit
    Account) to carry out this section--
                ``(1) $182,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                ``(2) $184,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                ``(3) $186,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                ``(4) $189,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                ``(5) $191,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.''.

    SEC. 1117. HIGHWAY SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 148 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (4)(B)--
                                (i) by amending clause (xvi) to read as
                            follows:
                                ``(xvi) Installation of guardrails,
                            barriers (including suicide barriers and
                            barriers between construction work zones and
                            traffic lanes for the safety of road users and
                            roadway workers), and crash attenuators.'';
                                (ii) in clause (xxiii) by striking
                            ``section 1401 of the MAP-21'' and inserting
                            ``section 180'';
                                (iii) in clause (xxvii)--
                                        (I) by inserting ``bollards,''
                                    after ``medians,'';
                                        (II) by striking ``and protected''
                                    and inserting ``protected''; and
                                        (III) by striking ``features.'' and
                                    inserting ``features, or infrastructure
                                    that connects 2 or more existing
                                    segments of such roadway
                                    improvements.'';
                                (iv) by redesignating clause (xxix) as
                            clause (xxxii); and
                                (v) by inserting after clause (xxviii) the
                            following:
                                ``(xxix) The acquisition, development, or
                            deployment of safety data and systems,
                            including predictive analytics, telematics, and
                            additional validated methodology tools.
                                ``(xxx) The purchase, installation, and
                            performance improvements of digital
                            infrastructure technologies, including digital
                            alerting systems and electronic ticketing (or
                            e-ticketing) technology.
                                ``(xxxi) A project or strategy described in
                            a program developed pursuant to subsection
                            (l)(2)(B).'';
                        (B) in paragraph (8) by inserting ``roadway worker
                    or'' after ``, including a''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (10) by striking ``traffic data''
                    and inserting ``other traffic data (including
                    predictive analytics, telematics, and additional
                    validated methodology tools used for risk modeling and
                    planning)'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in clause (v) by striking ``; and'' and
                            inserting a semicolon;
                                (ii) in clause (vi) by inserting ``and''
                            after the semicolon; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(vii) to evaluate project effectiveness
                            using both post-crash data and predictive
                            analytics, telematics, or additional validated
                            methodology tools;'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                                (i) by inserting ``construction work
                            zones,'' after ``roadside obstacles,''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``, and roadway workers''
                            after ``pedestrians''; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) in clause (iii)--
                                        (I) by striking ``(including
                                    motorcyclists)'' and inserting ``,
                                    motorcyclists''; and
                                        (II) by inserting ``roadway
                                    workers,'' after ``pedestrians,''; and
                                (ii) in clause (vi) by striking ``and
                            pedestrians,'' and inserting ``pedestrians, and
                            roadway workers,'';
                (3) in subsection (d)(2)(A)(i) by inserting ``every 3
            years'' after ``of the State'';
                (4) in subsection (g)(1)--
                        (A) by striking ``next fiscal year'' and inserting
                    ``next 3 fiscal years'';
                        (B) by inserting ``annual'' before ``amount equal
                    to''; and
                        (C) by striking ``200'' and inserting ``300'';
                (5) in subsection (h)(1)(C)--
                        (A) in clause (ii) by striking ``; and'' and
                    inserting a semicolon;
                        (B) in clause (iii) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iv) the occurrences of fatalities and
                            serious injuries at construction work zones.'';
                (6) in subsection (l)(2)(A)--
                        (A) in clause (ii)--
                                (i) by striking ``of the locations''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``; and'' and inserting a
                            semicolon;
                        (B) by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (iv);
                    and
                        (C) by inserting after clause (ii) the following:
                                ``(iii) considers the location of
                            fatalities and serious injuries, including
                            roadside obstacles, construction work zones,
                            railway-highway crossing needs, the presence of
                            or absence of dedicated infrastructure for
                            vulnerable road users, and unmarked or poorly
                            marked roads; and''; and
                (7) in subsection (l)(2)(B) by striking ``subparagraph
            (A)(iii)'' and inserting ``subparagraph (A)(iv)''.
        (b) Report.--In implementing the amendment to section 148(d)(2) of
    title 23, United States Code, the Secretary may permit a State to take
    such actions as are necessary to align the submission of the strategic
    highway safety plan with the submission of the triennial highway safety
    plan, pursuant to section 402(k) of title 23, United States Code.

    SEC. 1118. CMAQ PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 149 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (10)(B) by striking ``or'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (11)(B) by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(12) if the project deploys advanced transportation and
            congestion management technologies that reduce traffic
            congestion or improve air quality; or
                ``(13) if the project supports digital infrastructure and
            reduces traffic congestion or improves traffic flow.'';
                (2) in subsection (c) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) Reduction in minimum spending.--Notwithstanding any
            other provision of this section, a State--
                        ``(A) may obligate funds apportioned under section
                    104(b)(4) at any location in the State for projects
                    described in section 151(f)(6) or section 151(f)(8)(D)
                    at any location in the State;
                        ``(B) shall consider for such projects the
                    considerations described in section 151(f)(4)(A)(iii);
                    and
                        ``(C) shall obligate not less than the following
                    amounts of such funds for such projects:
                                ``(i) 10 percent of funds in fiscal year
                            2027.
                                ``(ii) 9 percent of funds in fiscal year
                            2028.
                                ``(iii) 8 percent of funds in fiscal year
                            2029.
                                ``(iv) 7 percent of funds in fiscal year
                            2030.'';
                (3) in subsection (i)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (C) by inserting ``, including
                    by considering the cost-effectiveness of a project as
                    it relates to improving air quality and incorporating
                    any recommendations made by the Secretary'' after
                    ``subsection (l)''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Updates.--The Secretary, in consultation with
                    the Administrator, shall update the table described in
                    subparagraph (A) not less frequently than once every 2
                    years.''; and
                (4) in subsection (k)(1) by amending subparagraph (B) to
            read as follows:
                        ``(B) to the extent practicable, prioritize
                    benefits to populations living in, or immediately
                    adjacent to, such area.''.
        (b) Notification.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall
    provide written notification to State transportation departments and
    relevant metropolitan planning organizations regarding--
                (1) information about the cost-effectiveness of projects
            obtained through the evaluation conducted pursuant to section
            149(i)(2) of title 23, United States Code; and
                (2) the requirement under subparagraph (C) of such section
            that States and metropolitan planning organizations shall
            consider such information when selecting projects.
        (c) Repeals.--Sections 11402 and 11406 of the Infrastructure
    Investment and Jobs Act (23 U.S.C. 149 note), and the items relating to
    such section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of such Act,
    are repealed.

    SEC. 1119. SAFE STREETS AND ROADS FOR ALL GRANT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 24112 of the Infrastructure Investment and
    Jobs Act (23 U.S.C. 402 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking ``, commonly referred to as a
                            `Vision Zero' or `Toward Zero Deaths' plan,'';
                            and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``,
                            including the means by which that effectiveness
                            will be reported to residents in a locality'';
                            and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B) by inserting ``or
                            territory'' after ``State'';
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as
                            subparagraph (E);
                                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C)
                            the following:
                        ``(D) the District of Columbia;''; and
                                (iv) in subparagraph (E), as so
                            redesignated, by striking ``subparagraphs (A)
                            through (C)'' and inserting ``subparagraphs (A)
                            through (D)'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by inserting ``, acting through the
                    Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration,''
                    after ``Secretary''; and
                        (B) by striking ``, commonly referred to as `Vision
                    Zero' or `Toward Zero Deaths' initiatives'';
                (3) in subsection (c)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``less than 40
                    percent'' and inserting ``more than 5 percent''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) Rural set-aside.--Of the total amount made
                    available to carry out the program for each fiscal
                    year, not less than 30 percent shall be awarded for
                    grants for eligible projects located in areas with a
                    population of 50,000 or fewer.
                        ``(D) Prioritization.--The Secretary shall
                    prioritize applicants that have developed a
                    comprehensive safety action plan when selecting
                    projects under subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection
                    (a)(3).'';
                (4) in subsection (d)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by inserting ``roadway
                    workers,'' after ``pedestrians,''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (E)--
                                (i) by striking ``, or will ensure,
                            equitable''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``rural or'' after
                            ``safety needs of'';
                (5) in subsection (e) by striking ``80'' and inserting
            ``90'';
                (6) in subsection (f)(1) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
            2031''; and
                (7) in subsection (h) by striking ``120 days'' and
            inserting ``1 year''.
        (b) Transfer.--
                (1) In general.--Section 24112 of the Infrastructure
            Investment and Jobs Act (23 U.S.C. 402 note), as amended by
            subsection (a), is transferred to appear after section 154 of
            title 23, United States Code, and redesignated as section 155.
                (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of
            title 23, United States Code, is amended by striking the item
            relating to section 155 and inserting the following:

    ``155. Safe streets and roads for all grant program.''.
                (3) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for the
            Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117-58) in
            section 1(b) of such Act is amended by striking the item
            relating to section 24112.

    SEC. 1120. TERRITORIAL AND PUERTO RICO HIGHWAY PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 165(a) of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following:
                ``(1) for the Puerto Rico highway program under subsection
            (b)--
                        ``(A) $191,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $195,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $199,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $203,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2030;
                    and
                        ``(E) $207,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2031;
                    and
                ``(2) for the territorial highway program under subsection
            (c)--
                        ``(A) $51,200,000 shall be for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $52,400,000 shall be for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $53,600,000 shall be for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $54,800,000 shall be for fiscal year 2030;
                    and
                        ``(E) $56,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2031.''.
        (b) Location of Projects.--Section 165(c)(7) of title 23, United
    States Code, is further amended by striking ``paragraphs (1), (2), (3),
    and (5) of''.

    SEC. 1121. HOV FACILITIES.

        Section 166 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3)(C) by striking ``serving the
                    public'' and inserting ``in scheduled or charter
                    service''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (5)(A) by striking ``2025'' and
                    inserting ``2031''; and
                (2) in subsection (f) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(7) Charter service.--The term `charter service' has the
            meaning given the term in section 604.3 of title 49, Code of
            Federal Regulations.''.

    SEC. 1122. NATIONAL HIGHWAY FREIGHT AND HIGH PRIORITY CORRIDOR PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 167 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in the section heading by inserting ``and high priority
            corridor'' after ``freight'';
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``under this
                    section to ensure that the Network provides'' and
                    inserting ``under this section and high priority
                    corridors identified under section 1105 of the
                    Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of
                    1991 (105 Stat. 2031) to ensure that the Network and
                    high priority corridors provide''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``with this
                    section to improve the efficient movement of freight on
                    the National Highway Freight Network.'' and inserting
                    ``with this section to--
                        ``(A) improve the efficient movement of freight on
                    the National Highway Freight Network; and
                        ``(B) improve high priority corridors to meet the
                    design standards and specifications of the Interstate
                    System and connect to the existing Interstate
                    System.'';
                (3) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (7) as
                    paragraphs (3) through (8), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) to increase the capacity of the National Highway
            Freight Network to improve freight transportation, including
            through improving and increasing the capacity of the Interstate
            System and the improvement of high priority corridors;'';
                (4) in subsection (c)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subparagraph (D) by striking the period and
                    inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(E) high priority corridors identified under
                    section 1105 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation
                    Efficiency Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 2031).'';
                (5) in subsection (d)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``3 percent''
                    and inserting ``5 percent''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (E)--
                                (i) by redesignating clauses (vi) through
                            (xi) as clauses (vii) through (xii),
                            respectively; and
                                (ii) by inserting after clause (v) the
                            following:
                                ``(vi) the movement of agricultural
                            products and access to agriculture
                            facilities;'';
                (6) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as
                    paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively;
                        (B) in paragraph (1) by striking ``A State'' and
                    all that follows through ``and--'' and inserting ``A
                    State shall designate critical rural freight corridors
                    within the border of the State.
                ``(2) Requirements for designation.--A State may designate
            a public road as a critical freight corridor, pursuant to
            paragraph (1), if such road is not in an urbanized area and--
            ''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (4), as so redesignated, by
                    striking ``paragraph (2)'' and inserting ``paragraph
                    (3)'';
                (7) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``2
                            percent'' and inserting ``2.5 percent''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``2
                            percent'' and inserting ``2.5 percent''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (5)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) by striking clause (iii) and
                                    inserting the following:
                                ``(iii) for the modernization or
                            rehabilitation of a lock and dam, if the
                            Secretary determines that the project is
                            functionally connected to the National Highway
                            Freight Network; and''; and
                                        (II) in clause (iv) by striking
                                    ``project--'' and all that follows
                                    through the period at the end and
                                    inserting ``project is functionally
                                    connected to the National Highway
                                    Freight Network.''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                        (I) in clause (iii) by striking
                                    ``Intelligent transportation systems''
                                    and inserting ``Digital infrastructure,
                                    intelligent transportation systems,'';
                                        (II) in clause (xi) by striking
                                    ``section 1401 of MAP-21 (23 U.S.C. 137
                                    note)'' and inserting ``section 180'';
                                        (III) by redesignating clauses
                                    (xxii) and (xxiii) as clauses (xxiv)
                                    and (xxv), respectively;
                                        (IV) by inserting after clause
                                    (xxi) the following:
                                ``(xxii) A highway or bridge project to
                            improve or increase the capacity of the
                            National Highway Freight Network, including by
                            increasing the capacity of the Interstate
                            System.
                                ``(xxiii) A highway or bridge project to
                            improve a high priority corridor, including a
                            project to improve facilities to meet design
                            standards and specifications for the Interstate
                            System.''; and
                                        (V) in clause (xxiv), as so
                                    redesignated, by striking ``clauses (i)
                                    through (xxi)'' and inserting ``clauses
                                    (i) through (xxiii)''; and
                (8) in subsection (j)(1)(A)(ii) by striking ``ports-of
            entry'' and inserting ``ports of entry''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    167 and inserting the following:

    ``167. National highway freight and high priority corridor program.''.

    SEC. 1123. WILDLIFE CROSSINGS PILOT PROGRAM.

        Section 171 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``public interest
            because'' and all that follows through the period at the end
            and inserting ``public interest.'';
                 (2) in subsection (b)(1) by striking ``collisions; and''
            and inserting ``collisions, including through--
                        ``(A) construction projects; and
                        ``(B) non-construction projects (including planning
                    and research); and'';
                (3) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) by striking subparagraph (D); and
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as
                    subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively;
                (4) in subsection (g) by striking ``60 percent'' and
            inserting ``75 percent'';
                (5) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (j); and
                (6) by striking subsection (h) and inserting the following:
        ``(h) Limitation.--Of the amounts made available to carry out the
    pilot program each fiscal year, not more than 5 percent may be used for
    non-construction activities described in subsection (b)(1)(B).
        ``(i) Reports.--The Secretary shall submit to Congress an annual
    report through fiscal year 2031 that includes--
                ``(1) a detailed description of activities carried out
            under the pilot program;
                ``(2) an evaluation of the effectiveness of the pilot
            program in meeting the purposes described in subsection (b);
            and
                ``(3) policy recommendations to improve the effectiveness
            of the pilot program.''.

    SEC. 1124. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION ACCELERATOR GRANT PROGRAM.

        Section 173 of title 23, United States Code, is amended to read as
    follows:

    ``SEC. 173 SURFACE TRANSPORTATION ACCELERATOR GRANT PROGRAM.

        ``(a) In General.--There is established a rural, urban, local, and
    regional surface transportation grant program, which shall consist of
    the programs established under subsections (c), (d), and (e) to provide
    financial assistance for projects eligible under such subsections.
        ``(b) Administrative Provisions.--
                ``(1) Grant administration.--The Secretary may--
                        ``(A) retain not more than a total of 2 percent of
                    the funds made available to carry out this section and
                    to review applications for grants under this section;
                    and
                        ``(B) transfer portions of the funds retained under
                    subparagraph (A) to the relevant Administrators to fund
                    the award and oversight of grants provided under this
                    section.
                ``(2) Application.--To be eligible to receive a grant under
            this section, an eligible entity under subsections (c), (d), or
            (e) shall submit to the Secretary an application in such form,
            at such time, and containing such information as the Secretary
            may require.
                ``(3) Eligible project costs.--An eligible entity may use
            funds from a grant under this section for--
                        ``(A) development phase activities, including
                    planning, feasibility analysis, revenue forecasting,
                    environmental review, preliminary engineering and
                    design work, and other preconstruction activities; and
                        ``(B) construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation,
                    acquisition of real property (including land related to
                    the project and improvements to the land),
                    environmental mitigation, construction contingencies,
                    acquisition of equipment, and operational improvements.
                ``(4) Grants.--
                        ``(A) In general.--In carrying out this section,
                    the Secretary may make grants to eligible entities, on
                    a competitive basis, in accordance with this section.
                        ``(B) Set-asides.--Of amounts made available to
                    carry out this section for each fiscal year--
                                ``(i) 25 percent shall be for grants under
                            the rural surface transportation grant program
                            under subsection (c);
                                ``(ii) 25 percent shall be for grants under
                            the urban surface transportation grant program
                            under subsection (d); and
                                ``(iii) 50 percent shall be for grants
                            under the local and regional surface
                            transportation grant program under subsection
                            (e).
                ``(5) Federal share.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in
                    subparagraph (B), the Federal share of the cost of a
                    project carried out with a grant administered under
                    this section may not exceed 80 percent.
                        ``(B) Exceptions.--
                                ``(i) The Federal share of the cost of an
                            eligible project that furthers the completion
                            of a designated segment of the Appalachian
                            Development Highway System under section 14501
                            of title 40, or addresses a surface
                            transportation infrastructure need identified
                            for the Denali access system program under
                            section 309 of the Denali Commission Act of
                            1998 (42 U.S.C. 3121 note; Public Law 105-277)
                            shall be up to 100 percent, as determined by
                            the State.
                                ``(ii) The Federal share of the cost of an
                            eligible project for a grant carried out in an
                            area of persistent poverty (as defined in
                            section 6702(a) of title 49) may exceed 80
                            percent, at the discretion of the Secretary.
                        ``(C) Use of other federal assistance.--Federal
                    assistance other than a grant under the program may be
                    used to satisfy the non-Federal share of the cost of a
                    project carried out with a grant under the program.
                        ``(D) Additional requirements.--
                                ``(i) Modal requirements.--
                                        ``(I) In general.--Except as
                                    otherwise provided in subclause (II),
                                    projects funded under this section
                                    shall be treated as projects on a
                                    Federal-aid highway under this chapter.
                                        ``(II) Exceptions.--The Secretary
                                    shall--
                                                ``(aa) for a transit
                                            project, apply the requirements
                                            of chapter 53 of title 49;
                                                ``(bb) for a rail project,
                                            apply the requirements of
                                            section 22905 of title 49.
                                ``(ii) Multimodal projects.--
                                        ``(I) In general.--Except as
                                    otherwise provided in this clause, if
                                    an eligible project is a multimodal
                                    project, the Secretary shall--
                                                ``(aa) determine the
                                            predominant modal component of
                                            the project; and
                                                ``(bb) apply the applicable
                                            requirements described in item
                                            (aa) of the predominant modal
                                            component to the project.
                                        ``(II) Exceptions.--
                                                ``(aa) Passenger or freight
                                            rail component.--The
                                            requirements of section 22905
                                            of title 49 shall apply to any
                                            passenger or freight rail
                                            component of a project.
                                                ``(bb) Public
                                            transportation component.--The
                                            requirements of section 5333 of
                                            title 49 shall apply to any
                                            public transportation component
                                            of a project.
                ``(6) Congressional review.--Not later than 3 days before
            providing a grant under this section, the Secretary shall
            submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
            the House of Representatives and Committee on Environment and
            Public Works of the Senate--
                        ``(A) a list of all applications determined to be
                    eligible for a grant by the Secretary;
                        ``(B) each application proposed to be selected for
                    a grant, including a justification for the selection;
                    and
                        ``(C) proposed grant amounts.
                ``(7) Transparency.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 30 days after
                    providing a grant for a project under this section, the
                    Secretary shall provide to all applicants, and publish
                    on the website of the Department of Transportation, the
                    information described in paragraph (6).
                        ``(B) Briefing.--The Secretary shall provide, on
                    the request of an eligible entity, the opportunity to
                    receive a briefing to explain any reasons the eligible
                    entity was not selected to receive a grant under this
                    section.
                        ``(C) Treatment.--Assistance provided under
                    subparagraph (B) shall not be considered a guarantee of
                    future selection of an applicable project under the
                    program.
                ``(8) Annual report.--The Secretary shall make available on
            the website of the Department of Transportation at the end of
            each fiscal year an annual report that lists each project for
            which a grant has been provided under this section during that
            fiscal year.
                ``(9) Treatment of projects.--Notwithstanding any other
            provision of law, a project assisted under this section shall
            be treated as a project on a Federal-aid highway under this
            chapter.
                ``(10) Pre-award authority.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide pre-
                    award authority for eligible pre-award activities to
                    permit expenses to be incurred by a recipient during
                    the period beginning on the date on which the recipient
                    is selected and ending on the date on which the grant
                    agreement is signed.
                        ``(B) Eligible pre-award activities.--The Secretary
                    shall make publicly available in the notice of funding
                    opportunity the eligible pre-award activities for an
                    award under this section which shall be similar in
                    nature to eligible pre-award activities granted to
                    applicants under section 5309 of title 49.
        ``(c) Rural Surface Transportation Grants.--
                ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Program.--The term `program' means the
                    program established under paragraph (2)(A).
                        ``(B) Covered rural area.--The term `covered rural
                    area' means an area that is outside an urban area with
                    a population of over 50,000.
                ``(2) Establishment.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a
                    rural surface transportation grant program to provide
                    grants, on a competitive basis, to eligible entities to
                    improve and expand the surface transportation
                    infrastructure in covered rural areas.
                        ``(B) Goals.--The goals of the program shall be--
                                ``(i) to increase connectivity;
                                ``(ii) to improve the safety and
                            reliability of the movement of people and
                            freight; and
                                ``(iii) to generate regional economic
                            growth and improve quality of life in covered
                            rural areas.
                ``(3) Eligible entities.--The Secretary may make a grant
            under the program to--
                        ``(A) a State;
                        ``(B) a regional transportation planning
                    organization;
                        ``(C) a unit of local government;
                        ``(D) a Tribal government or a consortium of Tribal
                    governments; and
                        ``(E) a multijurisdictional group of entities
                    described in subparagraphs (A) through (D).
                ``(4) Eligible projects.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in
                    subparagraph (B), the Secretary may make a grant under
                    the program only for a project that is--
                                ``(i) a highway, bridge, or tunnel project
                            eligible under section 119(d);
                                ``(ii) a highway, bridge, or tunnel project
                            eligible under section 133(b);
                                ``(iii) a project eligible under section
                            202(a);
                                ``(iv) a highway freight project eligible
                            under section 167(h)(5);
                                ``(v) a highway safety improvement project,
                            including a project to improve a high risk
                            rural road (as those terms are defined in
                            section 148(a));
                                ``(vi) a project on a publicly-owned
                            highway, road, or bridge that provides or
                            increases access to an agricultural,
                            commercial, energy, water storage or intermodal
                            facility that supports the economy of a covered
                            rural area; or
                                ``(vii) a project to develop, establish, or
                            maintain an integrated mobility management
                            system, a transportation demand management
                            system, or on-demand mobility services.
                        ``(B) Bundling of eligible projects.--
                                ``(i) In general.--An eligible entity may
                            bundle 2 or more similar eligible projects
                            under the program that are--
                                        ``(I) included as a bundled project
                                    in a statewide transportation
                                    improvement program under section 135;
                                    and
                                        ``(II) awarded to a single
                                    contractor or consultant pursuant to a
                                    contract for engineering and design or
                                    construction between the contractor and
                                    the eligible entity.
                                ``(ii) Itemization.--Notwithstanding any
                            other provision of law (including regulations),
                            a bundling of eligible projects under this
                            paragraph may be considered to be a single
                            project, including for purposes of section 135.
                ``(5) Project requirements.--The Secretary may provide a
            grant under the program to an eligible project only if the
            Secretary determines that the project--
                        ``(A) will generate regional economic, mobility, or
                    safety benefits;
                        ``(B) will be cost effective;
                        ``(C) will contribute to the accomplishment of 1 or
                    more of the national goals under section 150;
                        ``(D) is based on the results of preliminary
                    engineering; and
                        ``(E) is reasonably expected to begin construction
                    not later than 18 months after the date of obligation
                    of funds for the project.
                ``(6) Additional considerations.--In providing grants under
            the program, the Secretary shall consider the extent to which
            an eligible project will--
                        ``(A) improve the state of good repair of existing
                    transportation facilities;
                        ``(B) increase the capacity or connectivity of the
                    surface transportation system and improve mobility for
                    residents of covered rural areas;
                        ``(C) address economic development and job creation
                    challenges;
                        ``(D) enhance recreational and tourism
                    opportunities by providing access to Federal land,
                    national parks, national forests, national recreation
                    areas, national wildlife refuges, wilderness areas, or
                    State parks;
                        ``(E) contribute to geographic diversity among
                    grant recipients;
                        ``(F) utilize innovative project delivery
                    approaches or incorporate transportation technologies;
                        ``(G) coordinate with projects to address broadband
                    infrastructure needs; or
                        ``(H) improve access to emergency care, essential
                    services, healthcare providers, or drug and alcohol
                    treatment and rehabilitation resources.
                        ``(I) address disaster preparedness, resilience, or
                    support an evacuation route (as such term is defined in
                    section 176(a));
                        ``(J) support the movement of agricultural products
                    through and from covered rural areas, including by
                    improving or rebuilding bridges (including improvements
                    that allow for the removal or increase of a posted
                    weight restriction);
                        ``(K) support access to Federal or Tribal lands;
                        ``(L) support access to utility infrastructure,
                    including energy infrastructure or water storage
                    facilities; and
                        ``(M) improve the seismic safety or structural
                    resilience of transportation infrastructure located in
                    areas of high seismic risk.
                ``(7) Grant amount.--Except as provided in paragraph
            (8)(A), a grant under the program shall be in an amount that is
            not less than $5,000,000.
                ``(8) Set asides.--
                        ``(A) Small projects.--The Secretary shall use not
                    more than 10 percent of the amounts made available for
                    the program for each fiscal year to provide grants for
                    eligible projects in an amount that is less than
                    $5,000,000.
                        ``(B) Appalachian development highway system.--The
                    Secretary shall reserve no more than 15 percent of the
                    amounts made available for the program for each fiscal
                    year for eligible projects that further the completion
                    of designated routes of the Appalachian Development
                    Highway System under section 14501 of title 40.
                        ``(C) Rural roadway lane departures.--The Secretary
                    shall reserve 15 percent of the amounts made available
                    for the program for each fiscal year to provide grants
                    for eligible projects located in States that have rural
                    roadway fatalities as a result of lane departures that
                    are greater than the average of rural roadway
                    fatalities as a result of lane departures in the United
                    States, based on the latest available data from the
                    Secretary.
                        ``(D) Movement of agricultural products from rural
                    areas.--The Secretary shall reserve 10 percent of the
                    amounts made available for the program for each fiscal
                    year to provide grants for eligible projects that
                    support the movement of agricultural products from
                    covered rural areas.
                        ``(E) Projects in small communities.--The Secretary
                    shall reserve 5 percent of the amounts made available
                    for the program for each fiscal year to provide grants
                    for eligible projects in areas with a population of not
                    more than 5,000.
                        ``(F) Excess funding.--In any fiscal year in which
                    qualified applications for grants under this subsection
                    do not allow for the amounts reserved under
                    subparagraphs (A) through (E) to be fully utilized, the
                    Secretary shall use the unutilized amounts to make
                    other grants under the program.
        ``(d) Urban Surface Transportation Grants.--
                ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Program.--The term `program' means the
                    program established under paragraph (2)(A).
                        ``(B) Covered urban area.--The term `covered urban
                    area' means an area with a population of not less than
                    50,000.
                ``(2) Establishment.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish an
                    urban surface transportation grant program to provide
                    grants, on a competitive basis, to eligible entities to
                    improve and expand the surface transportation
                    infrastructure in urban areas.
                        ``(B) Goals.--The goals of the program shall be--
                                ``(i) to increase connectivity;
                                ``(ii) to improve the safety and
                            reliability of the movement of people and
                            freight; and
                                ``(iii) to generate regional economic
                            growth and improve quality of life in urban
                            areas.
                ``(3) Eligible entities.--The Secretary may make a grant
            under the program to--
                        ``(A) a State;
                        ``(B) the District of Columbia;
                        ``(C) any territory or possession of the United
                    States;
                        ``(D) a unit of local government;
                        ``(E) a public agency or publicly chartered
                    authority established by 1 or more States;
                        ``(F) a special purpose district or public
                    authority with a transportation function or a lessee of
                    a Federal surface transportation hub, including a port
                    authority;
                        ``(G) a transit agency;
                        ``(H) a Tribal government or a consortium of Tribal
                    governments; and
                        ``(I) a multi-State or multijurisdictional group of
                    entities described in any of subparagraphs (A) through
                    (H).
                ``(4) Eligible projects.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in
                    subparagraph (B), the Secretary may make a grant under
                    the program only for a project that is--
                                ``(i) a surface transportation project
                            eligible under this title;
                                ``(ii) a public transportation project
                            eligible for assistance under chapter 53 of
                            title 49;
                                ``(iii) a passenger rail or freight rail
                            transportation project eligible for assistance
                            under title 49;
                                ``(iv) a project eligible under section
                            6702 and 6703 of title 49;
                                ``(v) a project eligible for a grant
                            program established under subtitle E of title I
                            of the Surface Transportation Reauthorization
                            Act of 2021 (135 Stat. 578 et. seq.); or
                                ``(vi) a project to develop, establish, or
                            maintain an integrated mobility management
                            system, a transportation demand management
                            system, or on-demand mobility services.
                        ``(B) Bundling of eligible projects.--
                                ``(i) In general.--An eligible entity may
                            bundle 2 or more similar eligible projects
                            under the program that are--
                                        ``(I) included as a bundled project
                                    in a statewide transportation
                                    improvement program under section 135;
                                    and
                                        ``(II) awarded to a single
                                    contractor or consultant pursuant to a
                                    contract for engineering and design or
                                    construction between the contractor and
                                    the eligible entity.
                                ``(ii) Itemization.--Notwithstanding any
                            other provision of law (including regulations),
                            a bundling of eligible projects under this
                            paragraph may be considered to be a single
                            project, including for purposes of section 135.
                ``(5) Project requirements.--The Secretary may provide a
            grant under the program to an eligible project only if the
            Secretary determines that the project--
                        ``(A) will generate regional economic, mobility, or
                    safety benefits;
                        ``(B) will be cost effective;
                        ``(C) will contribute to the accomplishment of 1 or
                    more of the national goals under section 150;
                        ``(D) is based on the results of preliminary
                    engineering; and
                        ``(E) is reasonably expected to begin construction
                    not later than 18 months after the date of obligation
                    of funds for the project.
                ``(6) Additional considerations.--In providing grants under
            the program, the Secretary shall consider the extent to which
            an eligible project will--
                        ``(A) improve the state of good repair of existing
                    transportation facilities;
                        ``(B) increase surface transportation system or
                    local connectivity and improve mobility for residents
                    of urban areas;
                        ``(C) address economic development and job creation
                    challenges;
                        ``(D) contribute to geographic diversity among
                    grant recipients;
                        ``(E) improve safety, including the anticipated
                    reduction of accidents and related costs;
                        ``(F) include resilience benefits against natural
                    disasters, including the ability to withstand
                    disruptions from a seismic event;
                        ``(G) incorporate environmental benefits;
                        ``(H) provide safety and mobility benefits to
                    multiple users of the project;
                        ``(I) utilize innovative project delivery
                    approaches or incorporate transportation technologies;
                    or
                        ``(J) improve access to emergency care, essential
                    services, healthcare providers, or drug and alcohol
                    treatment and rehabilitation resources, or a facility
                    or organization that provides community support
                    services.
                ``(7) Grant amount.--Except as provided in paragraph
            (8)(A), a grant under the program shall be in an amount that is
            not less than $5,000,000.
                ``(8) Set asides.--
                        ``(A) Small projects.--The Secretary shall use not
                    more than 10 percent of the amounts made available for
                    the program for each fiscal year to provide grants for
                    eligible projects in an amount that is less than
                    $5,000,000.
                        ``(B) Areas of persistent poverty.--Of the total
                    amount made available to carry out the program for each
                    fiscal year, not less than 1 percent shall be awarded
                    for projects in areas of persistent poverty (as defined
                    in section 6702(a) of title 49).
        ``(e) Local and Regional Surface Transportation Grants.--
                ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity'
                    means--
                                ``(i) a State;
                                ``(ii) the District of Columbia;
                                ``(iii) any territory or possession of the
                            United States;
                                ``(iv) a unit of local government;
                                ``(v) a public agency or publicly chartered
                            authority established by 1 or more States;
                                ``(vi) a special purpose district or public
                            authority with a transportation function or a
                            lessee of a Federal surface transportation hub,
                            including a port authority;
                                ``(vii) a federally recognized Indian Tribe
                            or a consortium of such Indian Tribes;
                                ``(viii) a transit agency; and
                                ``(ix) a multi-State or multijurisdictional
                            group of entities described in any of clauses
                            (i) through (viii).
                        ``(B) Eligible project.--The term `eligible
                    project' means--
                                ``(i) a highway or bridge project eligible
                            for assistance under this title, including--
                                        ``(I) improvement of a high
                                    priority corridor to meet the design
                                    standards and specifications of the
                                    Interstate System and connect to the
                                    existing Interstate System; and
                                        ``(II) infrastructure improvements
                                    to address freight bottlenecks;
                                ``(ii) a public transportation project
                            eligible for assistance under chapter 53 of
                            title 49;
                                ``(iii) a passenger rail or freight rail
                            transportation project eligible for assistance
                            under title 49;
                                ``(iv) a port infrastructure investment,
                            including--
                                        ``(I) inland port infrastructure;
                                    and
                                        ``(II) a land port-of-entry;
                                ``(v) the surface transportation components
                            of an airport project eligible for assistance
                            under part B of subtitle VII of title 49;
                                ``(vi) a project for investment in a
                            surface transportation facility located on
                            Tribal land, the title or maintenance
                            responsibility of which is vested in the
                            Federal Government;
                                ``(vii) a project to replace or
                            rehabilitate a culvert or prevent stormwater
                            runoff that is eligible under section 176(d)
                            and will advance the goal of the program
                            established under this subsection; and
                                ``(viii) any other surface transportation
                            infrastructure project that the Secretary
                            considers to be necessary to advance the goal
                            of the program.
                        ``(C) Program.--The term `program' means the
                    program established under paragraph (2)(A).
                        ``(D) Specified rural area.--The term `specified
                    rural area' means an area that is located outside of a
                    specified urban area.
                        ``(E) Specified urban area.--The term `specified
                    urban area' means an area with a population of more
                    than 200,000 residents, based on the most recent
                    decennial census.
                ``(2) Establishment.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish
                    and carry out a local and regional surface
                    transportation grant program to provide for capital
                    investments in surface transportation infrastructure on
                    a competitive basis.
                        ``(B) Goal.--The goal of the program shall be to
                    fund eligible projects that will have a significant
                    local or regional impact and improve surface
                    transportation infrastructure.
                ``(3) Grants.--
                        ``(A) Amount.--Except as otherwise provided in this
                    subsection, each grant made under this subsection shall
                    be in an amount equal to--
                                ``(i) not less than $5,000,000 for a
                            specified urban area;
                                ``(ii) not less than $1,000,000 for a
                            specified rural area; and
                                ``(iii) not more than $25,000,000.
                        ``(B) Limitation.--Not more than 15 percent of the
                    funds made available to carry out this subsection for a
                    fiscal year may be awarded to eligible projects in a
                    single State during such fiscal year.
                ``(4) Selection of eligible projects.--
                        ``(A) Notice of funding opportunity.--Not later
                    than 60 days after the date on which funds are made
                    available to carry out this subsection, the Secretary
                    shall publish a notice of funding opportunity for the
                    funds.
                        ``(B) Primary selection criteria.--In awarding
                    grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall
                    evaluate the extent to which a project--
                                ``(i) improves safety;
                                ``(ii) improves environmental
                            sustainability;
                                ``(iii) improves quality of life;
                                ``(iv) increases economic competitiveness
                            and opportunity, including tourism
                            opportunities;
                                ``(v) contributes to a state of good
                            repair; and
                                ``(vi) improves mobility and community
                            connectivity.
                        ``(C) Additional selection considerations.--In
                    selecting projects to receive grants under the program,
                    the Secretary shall take into consideration the extent
                    to which--
                                ``(i) the eligible entity collaborated with
                            other public and private entities;
                                ``(ii) the project adopts innovative
                            technologies or techniques, including--
                                        ``(I) innovative technology;
                                        ``(II) innovative project delivery
                                    techniques; and
                                        ``(III) innovative project
                                    financing;
                                ``(iii) construction of the project is
                            reasonably expected to begin not later than 18
                            months after the date on which the project is
                            selected;
                                ``(iv) the eligible entity includes
                            documentation certifying such entity has
                            notified a State transportation department if
                            the project is located on a State-owned or
                            State-managed facility; and
                                ``(v) the project is cost effective.
                        ``(D) Limitation.--In awarding grants under the
                    program, the Secretary shall select grant recipients
                    based only on the selection criteria described in
                    subparagraphs (C) and (D).
                        ``(E) Transparency.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The Secretary, shall
                            evaluate, through a methodology that is
                            discernible and transparent to the public, the
                            means by which each application submitted under
                            paragraph (4) addresses the criteria under
                            subparagraphs (C) or (D) of such paragraph or
                            otherwise established by the Secretary.
                                ``(ii) Publication.--The methodology under
                            clause (i) shall be published by the Secretary
                            as part of the notice of funding opportunity
                            under the program.
                        ``(F) Awards.--Not later than 270 days after the
                    date on which amounts are made available to provide
                    grants under the program for a fiscal year, the
                    Secretary shall announce the selection by the Secretary
                    of eligible projects to receive the grants in
                    accordance with this section.
                ``(5) Treatment of other federal funds.--Amounts provided
            under any of the following programs shall be considered to be a
            part of the non-Federal share for a project under this
            subsection:
                        ``(A) The tribal transportation program under
                    section 202.
                        ``(B) The Federal lands transportation program
                    under section 203.
                        ``(C) The TIFIA program (as defined in section
                    601(a)).
                        ``(D) The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement
                    Financing Program under chapter 224 of title 49.
                ``(6) Other considerations.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Of the total amount made
                    available to carry out the program under this
                    subsection for each fiscal year--
                                ``(i) not more than 50 percent shall be
                            allocated for eligible projects located in
                            specified rural areas; and
                                ``(ii) not more than 50 percent shall be
                            allocated for eligible projects located in
                            specified urban areas.
                        ``(B) Projects for regional hubs.--Of the total
                    amount made available for eligible projects under
                    subparagraph (A)(i) for each fiscal year, the Secretary
                    shall reserve 10 percent for eligible projects located
                    in communities with a population between 50,000 and
                    100,000.
                        ``(C) Areas of persistent poverty.--Of the total
                    amount made available to carry out the program for each
                    fiscal year, not less than 1 percent shall be awarded
                    for projects in areas of persistent poverty (as defined
                    in section 6702(a) of title 49).
                        ``(D) Multimodal and geographical considerations.--
                    In selecting projects to receive grants under the
                    program, the Secretary shall take into consideration
                    geographical and modal diversity.
                ``(7) Project planning.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Of the amounts made available to
                    carry out the program for each fiscal year, not less
                    than 5 percent shall be made available for the
                    planning, preparation, or design of eligible projects.
                        ``(B) Nonapplicability of certain limitations.--
                    Clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (3)(A) shall not
                    apply with respect to amounts made available for
                    planning, preparation, or design under subparagraph
                    (A).
                ``(8) Transfer of authority.--Of the amounts made available
            to carry out the program for each fiscal year, the
            Administrator may transfer not more than 2 percent for a fiscal
            year to the Administrator of any of the Federal Transit
            Administration, the Federal Railroad Administration, or the
            Maritime Administration to award and oversee grants and credit
            assistance in accordance with this subsection.
                ``(9) Credit program costs.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), at
                    the request of an eligible entity, the Secretary may
                    use a grant provided to the eligible entity under the
                    program to pay the subsidy or credit risk premium, and
                    the administrative costs, of an eligible project that
                    is eligible for Federal credit assistance under--
                                ``(i) chapter 6; or
                                ``(ii) chapter 224 of title 49.
                        ``(B) Limitation.--Not more than 20 percent of the
                    funds made available to carry out the program for a
                    fiscal year may be used to carry out subparagraph (A).
                ``(10) Reports.--Not later than 1 year after the date on
            which the initial grants are awarded for eligible projects
            under the program, the Comptroller General of the United States
            shall--
                        ``(A) review the administration of the program,
                    including--
                                ``(i) the solicitation process; and
                                ``(ii) the selection process, including--
                                        ``(I) the adequacy and fairness of
                                    the process; and
                                        ``(II) the selection criteria; and
                        ``(B) submit to the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
                    Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate
                    a report describing the findings of the review under
                    subparagraph (A), including recommendations for
                    improving the administration of the program, if any.''.

    SEC. 1125. REPEAL OF PROGRAM.

        (a) Repeal.--Section 175 of title 23, United States Code, is
    repealed.
        (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1
    of title 23, United States Code, is amended by striking the item
    relating to section 175.

    SEC. 1126. PROTECT PROGRAM.

        Section 176 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(2)--
                        (A) by striking subparagraph (A); and
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as
                    subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                (2) by striking subsection (c);
                (3) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (c);
                (4) in subsection (d) by striking ``In addition to funds
            apportioned to States under section 104(b)(8) to carry out
            activities under subsection (c), the'' and inserting ``The'';
                (5) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking ``A State that
                                    receives funds apportioned to the State
                                    under section 104(b)(8) or an'' and
                                    inserting ``An''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``if the State or
                                    eligible entity'' and inserting ``if
                                    the eligible entity''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) in clause (i) by striking
                                    ``funds apportioned to a State under
                                    section 104(b)(8) or'';
                                        (II) in clause (ii) by striking
                                    ``carried out with funds under
                                    subsection (c) or a grant'' and
                                    inserting ``carried out with a grant'';
                                    and
                                        (III) in clause (iii)--
                                                (aa) in subclause (I) by
                                            striking ``carried out with
                                            funds under subsection (c) or a
                                            grant'' and inserting ``carried
                                            out with a grant''; and
                                                (bb) in subclause (II) by
                                            striking ``funds under
                                            subsection (c) or''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(D)(iv)(II) by striking
                    ``apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(8)
                    or''; and
                (6) in subsection (f)(1) by striking ``Not later than 18
            months after the date of enactment of this section, the'' and
            inserting ``The''.

    SEC. 1127. CODIFICATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF JASON'S LAW.

        (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that it is a
    national priority to address projects under this section for the
    shortage of parking for commercial motor vehicles on the National
    Highway System to improve the safety of motorized and nonmotorized
    users and for commercial motor vehicle operators.
        (b) Parking for Commercial Motor Vehicles.--Chapter 1 of title 23,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 180. Parking for commercial motor vehicles
        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Commercial motor vehicle.--The term `commercial motor
            vehicle' has the meaning given such term in section 31132 of
            title 49.
                ``(2) Safety rest area.--The term `safety rest area' has
            the meaning given such term in section 120(c)(1).
        ``(b) Grant Authority.--The Secretary shall make grants, on a
    competitive basis, to eligible entities for projects to provide public
    parking for commercial motor vehicles and improve the safety of
    commercial motor vehicle drivers.
        ``(c) Eligible Entities.--
                ``(1) In general.--An entity eligible to receive a grant
            under this section is any of the following:
                        ``(A) A State.
                        ``(B) A metropolitan planning organization.
                        ``(C) A unit of local government.
                        ``(D) A political subdivision of a State or local
                    government carrying out responsibilities relating to
                    commercial motor vehicle parking.
                        ``(E) A Tribal government or a consortium of Tribal
                    governments.
                        ``(F) A multistate or multijurisdictional group of
                    entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (E).
                ``(2) Private sector participation.--An eligible entity
            that receives a grant under this section may partner with a
            private entity to carry out a project under this section.
        ``(d) Eligible Projects.--
                ``(1) In general.--An eligible entity may use a grant
            provided under this section for a project described in
            paragraph (2) that is on--
                        ``(A) a Federal-aid highway; or
                        ``(B) a facility with reasonable access (as
                    described in section 658.19 of title 23, Code of
                    Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation)) to--
                                ``(i) a Federal-aid highway; or
                                ``(ii) a freight facility.
                ``(2) Projects described.--A project referred to in
            paragraph (1) is a project--
                        ``(A) to construct a safety rest area that includes
                    parking for commercial motor vehicles;
                        ``(B) to construct additional commercial motor
                    vehicle parking capacity--
                                ``(i) adjacent to a private commercial
                            truck stop or travel plaza;
                                ``(ii) within the boundaries of, or
                            adjacent to, a publicly owned freight facility,
                            including a port terminal operated by a public
                            authority;
                                ``(iii) at an existing facility, including
                            an inspection or weigh station and a park-and-
                            ride location; or
                                ``(iv) at another suitable facility, as
                            determined by the eligible entity, in
                            concurrence with the Secretary;
                        ``(C) to reopen an existing weigh station, safety
                    rest area, park-and-ride facility, or other government-
                    owned facility, that is not in use, for commercial
                    motor vehicle parking;
                        ``(D) to construct or make capital improvements to
                    an existing public commercial motor vehicle parking
                    facility to expand parking use and availability,
                    including at a seasonal facility;
                        ``(E) to identify, promote, and manage the
                    availability of publicly and privately provided
                    commercial motor vehicle parking, such as through the
                    use of intelligent transportation systems;
                        ``(F) to improve the personal safety of commercial
                    motor vehicle drivers at a parking facility as part of
                    a project described in subparagraphs (A) through (D);
                        ``(G) to improve a parking facility, including
                    through truck stop electrification systems, as part of
                    a project described in subparagraphs (A) through (D);
                        ``(H) to construct turnouts for commercial motor
                    vehicles; or
                        ``(I) to improve the geometric designs of
                    interchanges to improve access to safety rest areas and
                    commercial motor vehicle parking facilities.
        ``(e) Application.--To be eligible to receive a grant under this
    section, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an
    application at such time, in such manner, and containing such
    information as the Secretary may require, including--
                ``(1) a description of the proposed project; and
                ``(2) any other information that the Secretary determines
            to be necessary.
        ``(f) Selection Criteria.--The Secretary may select a project to
    receive a grant under this section only if the Secretary determines
    that--
                ``(1) there is a shortage of commercial motor vehicle
            parking capacity in the corridor in which the project is
            located;
                ``(2) the eligible entity has consulted with motor
            carriers, commercial motor vehicle drivers, public safety
            officials, and private providers of commercial motor vehicle
            parking regarding the project;
                ``(3) the project will likely--
                        ``(A) increase the availability or utilization of
                    commercial motor vehicle parking;
                        ``(B) facilitate the efficient movement of freight;
                    or
                        ``(C) improve highway safety, traffic congestion,
                    and air quality; and
                ``(4) the eligible entity demonstrates the ability to
            provide for the maintenance and operation of the facility.
        ``(g) Additional Consideration.--To the maximum extent practicable,
    the Secretary shall select projects to receive grants under the program
    in a manner that--
                ``(1) prioritizes projects based on the severity of the
            commercial motor vehicle parking capacity shortage in the area
            and the degree to which such projects would alleviate such
            shortage; and
                ``(2) maximizes the geographic distribution among grant
            recipients, including a balance between the need of new
            commercial motor vehicle parking capacity across rural and
            urban communities.
        ``(h) Use of Funds.--
                ``(1) In general.--In accordance with the limitations in
            paragraph (2), an eligible entity may use a grant under this
            section for--
                        ``(A) development phase activities, including
                    planning, feasibility analysis, benefit-cost analysis,
                    environmental review, preliminary engineering and
                    design work, and other preconstruction activities
                    necessary to advance a project under this section; and
                        ``(B) construction and operational improvements.
                ``(2) Limitations.--
                        ``(A) Planning and preliminary work.--An eligible
                    entity may use not more than 20 percent of the amount
                    of a grant under this section for activities described
                    in paragraph (1)(A).
                        ``(B) Parking availability management.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii), not more than 10 percent of the
                            amounts made available for each fiscal year for
                            grants under this section may be used for
                            projects described in subsection (d)(2)(E) that
                            solely identify, promote, and manage the
                            availability of existing commercial motor
                            vehicle parking.
                                ``(ii) Exception.--Clause (i) shall not
                            apply to a project described in subsection
                            (d)(2)(E) that is part of a larger project to
                            expand commercial motor vehicle parking
                            capacity.
                ``(3) Prohibition.--
                        ``(A) In general.--No amounts made available to an
                    eligible entity pursuant to this section may be used
                    for construction or development phase activities that
                    would enable the construction of charging or fueling
                    infrastructure for the propulsion of a vehicle,
                    including a commercial motor vehicle.
                        ``(B) Savings provision.--Nothing in this paragraph
                    limits the use of funds other than funds made available
                    to carry out this section.
        ``(i) Requirements.--
                ``(1) Publicly accessible parking.--Commercial motor
            vehicle parking constructed, opened, or improved with funds
            from a grant under this section shall be open and accessible to
            all commercial motor vehicle drivers.
                ``(2) Prohibition on charging fees.--No fee may be charged
            by an eligible entity to a commercial motor vehicle driver to
            gain access to parking constructed, opened, maintained, or
            improved with a grant under this section.
        ``(j) Treatment of Projects.--Notwithstanding any other provision
    of law, a project carried out under this section shall be treated as a
    project on a Federal-aid highway under this chapter.
        ``(k) Period of Availability of Funds.--Amounts made available for
    a project under this section shall remain available for a period of 3
    years after the last day of the fiscal year in which the amounts are
    made available.
        ``(l) Survey and Comparative Assessment.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not later than 4 years after the date of
            enactment of this section, and every 2 years thereafter, the
            Secretary, in consultation with appropriate State motor carrier
            safety personnel, motor carriers, State departments of
            transportation, and private providers of commercial motor
            vehicle parking, shall submit to the Committee on
            Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public
            Works of the Senate a report that--
                        ``(A) evaluates the availability of adequate
                    parking and rest facilities, taking into account both
                    private and public facilities, for commercial motor
                    vehicles engaged in interstate transportation;
                        ``(B) evaluates the effectiveness of the projects
                    funded under this section in improving access to
                    commercial motor vehicle parking;
                        ``(C) evaluates the ability of recipients of a
                    grant under this section to sustain the operation of
                    parking facilities constructed with funds provided
                    under this section; and
                        ``(D) reports on the status of ongoing projects to
                    provide adequate commercial motor vehicle parking
                    facilities.
                ``(2) Results.--The Secretary shall make each report under
            paragraph (1) available to the public on the website of the
            Department of Transportation.
                ``(3) Alignment of reports.--In carrying out this
            subsection, the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) consider the results of the commercial motor
                    vehicle parking facilities assessments of States under
                    subsection (f) of section 70202 of title 49; and
                        ``(B) seek to align the contents of each report
                    under paragraph (1) and the submission and publication
                    of such reports with the State freight plans developed
                    and updated under such section.''.
        (c) Clerical and Conforming Amendments.--
                (1) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of
            title 23, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end
            the following:

    ``180. Parking for commercial motor vehicles.''.
                (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 1401 of MAP-21 (23
            U.S.C. 137 note), and the item relating to such provision in
            the table of contents under section 1(c) of such Act, are
            repealed.

    SEC. 1128. CONSOLIDATED FUNDING PILOT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 181. Consolidated funding pilot program
        ``(a) In General.--Beginning in fiscal year 2028, the Secretary
    shall establish and carry out a pilot program to allow not more than 10
    States to receive the base apportionment for the State in a lump sum,
    to be obligated and expended in accordance with this section.
        ``(b) Criteria.--The Secretary shall develop criteria for the
    selection of a State to receive a block grant under this Act, including
    requiring that each recipient State--
                ``(1) meets minimum levels for the condition of pavement
            established by the Secretary under section 150(c)(3);
                ``(2) meets minimum levels for the condition for bridges on
            the National Highway System as described in section 119(f)(2);
                ``(3) uses a performance-based approach to transportation
            planning and programming for statewide and metropolitan
            planning areas to meet the requirements of sections 134, 135,
            and 150; and
                ``(4) meets recertification requirements for State asset
            management plans for the National Highway System as described
            in section 119(e).
        ``(c) Applications.--
                ``(1) Request.--The Secretary shall request applications
            for participation under this section in accordance with
            paragraph (2).
                ``(2) Contents.--An application submitted to the Secretary
            under this paragraph shall include a plan on how the State and
            each affected metropolitan planning organization will continue
            to meet, or make significant progress toward meeting,
            performance measures and standards under section 150(c).
        ``(d) Use of Block Grant Funds.--
                ``(1) Eligibility.--Funds made available to a State under
            this program shall be eligible for use for any project
            eligible--
                        ``(A) under the national highway performance
                    program under section 119;
                        ``(B) under the surface transportation block grant
                    program under section 133;
                        ``(C) under the highway safety improvement program
                    under section 148;
                        ``(D) under the congestion mitigation and air
                    quality improvement program under section 149;
                        ``(E) for metropolitan planning under section 134;
                    and
                        ``(F) under the national highway freight and high
                    priority corridor program under section 167.
                ``(2) Allocations of apportioned funds to areas based on
            population.--
                        ``(A) Allocation.--Of the total amount of funds
                    provided under this section in a fiscal year for
                    projects described under paragraph (1)--
                                ``(i) 25 percent shall be obligated under
                            this section, in proportion to their relative
                            shares of the population of the State--
                                        ``(I) in urbanized areas of the
                                    State with an urbanized area population
                                    of over 200,000;
                                        ``(II) in urbanized areas of the
                                    State with an urbanized area population
                                    of not less than 50,000 and not more
                                    than 200,000;
                                        ``(III) in urban areas of the State
                                    with a population not less than 5,000
                                    and not more than 49,999; and
                                        ``(IV) in other areas of the State
                                    with a population less than 5,000; and
                                ``(ii) the remainder may be obligated in
                            any area of the State.
                        ``(B) Metropolitan areas.--Funds attributed to an
                    urbanized area under subparagraph (A)(i)(I) may be
                    obligated in the metropolitan area established under
                    section 134 that encompasses the urbanized area.
                        ``(C) Local consultation.--
                                ``(i) Consultation with metropolitan
                            planning organizations.--For purposes of
                            subclause (II) of subparagraph (A)(i), a State
                            shall--
                                        ``(I) establish a new process or
                                    utilize the process established under
                                    clause (i) of section 133(d)(3)(A) to
                                    consult with all metropolitan planning
                                    organizations in the State that
                                    represent an urbanized area described
                                    in such clause; and
                                        ``(II) describe how funds allocated
                                    for areas described in such clause will
                                    be allocated equitably among the
                                    applicable urbanized areas.
                                ``(ii) Consultation with regional
                            transportation planning organizations.--For
                            purposes of subclauses (III) and (IV) of
                            subparagraph (A)(i), before obligating funding
                            attributed to an area with a population less
                            than 50,000, a State shall consult with the
                            regional transportation planning organizations
                            that represent the area, if any.
                        ``(D) Distribution among urbanized areas of over
                    200,000 population.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii), the amount of funds that a State
                            is required to obligate under subparagraph
                            (A)(i)(I) shall be obligated in urbanized areas
                            described in subparagraph (A)(i)(I) based on
                            the relative population of the areas.
                                ``(ii) Other factors.--The State may
                            obligate the funds described in clause (i)
                            based on other factors if the State and the
                            relevant metropolitan planning organizations
                            jointly apply to the Secretary for the
                            permission to base the obligation on other
                            factors and the Secretary grants the request.
                        ``(E) Applicability for planning requirements.--
                    Programming and expenditure of funds for projects under
                    this section shall be consistent with sections 134 and
                    135.
                ``(3) Obligation authority.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A State that is required to
                    obligate in an urbanized area with an urbanized area
                    population of over 200,000 individuals funds referred
                    to under paragraph (2)(A)(i)(I) shall make available an
                    amount of obligation authority distributed to the State
                    for Federal-aid highways and highway safety
                    construction programs for use in the area that is equal
                    to the amount obtained by multiplying--
                                ``(i) the aggregate amount of funds that
                            the State is required to obligate in the area
                            under paragraph (2) during the period; and
                                ``(ii) the ratio that--
                                        ``(I) the aggregate amount of
                                    obligation authority distributed to the
                                    State for Federal-aid highways and
                                    highway safety construction programs
                                    during the period; bears to
                                        ``(II) the total of the sums
                                    apportioned to the State for Federal-
                                    aid highways and highway safety
                                    construction programs (excluding sums
                                    not subject to an obligation
                                    limitation) during the period.
                        ``(B) Joint responsibility.--Each State, each
                    affected metropolitan planning organization, and the
                    Secretary shall jointly ensure compliance with
                    subparagraph (A).
        ``(e) Block Grant Selection.--
                ``(1) Issuance.--The Secretary shall provide grants under
            this section beginning with fiscal year 2028.
                ``(2) Obligation authority.--Nothing in this section shall
            be construed to increase an obligation limitation applied to
            funds made available under this section.
                ``(3) Subsequent fiscal years.--Subject to subsection
            (g)(2), the Secretary shall continue to apportion block grants
            to the awarded States.
                ``(4) Sunset.--The authority to provide grants under this
            section shall terminate on October 1, 2031.
        ``(f) Progress Report.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the first
            fiscal year in which funds are provided under this section, a
            State receiving funds shall submit to the Secretary a progress
            report on meeting, or making significant progress toward
            meeting, performance measures and standards under section
            150(c).
                ``(2) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the initial
            funds are provided under this section, the Secretary shall
            promulgate guidance to lump sum recipients on requirements for
            submitting a progress report under paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Review.--If the Secretary finds that a State that
            received funds under this section did not meet, or achieve
            significant progress (as defined by the Secretary) toward
            target achievement of, all performance targets set in the
            report required under paragraph (1), the Secretary may not
            provide funds to such State under the program in the following
            fiscal year or 6 months after determination that the State
            failed to meet, or make significant progress toward target
            achievement, whichever is later.
                ``(4) Transmission to congress.--Not later than 30 days
            after the date on which the Secretary receives a report from a
            State under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall transmit the
            progress report to the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate.
                ``(5) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section shall
            be construed to exempt a State from completing any other
            transportation plans required under this title.
        ``(g) Treatment of Law.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
    law, projects funded under this section shall be treated as projects on
    a Federal-aid highway under this chapter.
        ``(h) Definition of Base Apportionment.--In this section, the term
    `base apportionment' has the meaning given the term in section
    104(h).''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23,
    United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``181. Consolidated funding pilot program.''.

    SEC. 1129. REGISTRATION FEE ON MOTOR VEHICLES.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 182. Registration fee on motor vehicles
        ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Highway
    Administration shall impose for each year the following registration
    fee amounts on the owner of a vehicle registered for operation by a
    State motor vehicle department:
                ``(1) $130 for a covered electric vehicle.
                ``(2) $35 for a covered plug-in hybrid vehicle.
        ``(b) Withholding of Funds for Noncompliance.--
                ``(1) In general.--If a State fails to comply with the
            requirements under subsection (c), the Administrator shall
            withhold, from amounts required to be apportioned to any State
            under section 104(b), an amount equal to 125 percent to the
            amount required to be remitted under subsection (c)(2).
                ``(2) Timing.--The Administrator shall withhold the amount
            on the first day of each fiscal year beginning after September
            30, 2027, in which the State does not meet the requirements of
            subsection (c) until the date that is 30 days after the date on
            which the State meets such requirements.
        ``(c) Collection and Remittance of Fee.--
                ``(1) Collection of fee.--A State motor vehicle department,
            or an equivalent to such department, shall--
                        ``(A) incorporate the collection of the fees
                    established under subsection (a) into the vehicle
                    registration and renewal processes administered by such
                    department, so long as such fees are imposed for each
                    year in which the fees are required; or
                        ``(B) obtain approval from the Administrator to
                    establish an alternate means of compliance for the
                    collection of such fees that is acceptable to the
                    Administrator.
                ``(2) Remittance of fee.--Not later than 30 days after the
            last day of each month, a State motor vehicle department shall
            remit to the Administrator the balance of the total fee amounts
            collected under this section in the preceding month less the
            portion reserved for administrative expenses under subsection
            (e).
        ``(d) Fee Adjustment.--
                ``(1) In general.--Subject to the limitations in paragraph
            (2), beginning in 2029, the Administrator shall biennially
            increase the amounts specified in subsection (a) by $5.
                ``(2) Limitations.--The amount specified in--
                        ``(A) subsection (a)(1) shall not be increased to
                    an amount that exceeds $150; and
                        ``(B) subsection (a)(2) shall not be increased to
                    an amount that exceeds $50.
        ``(e) Administrative Expenses.--In any fiscal year in which a State
    is in compliance with this section, such State may retain an amount not
    to exceed 1 percent of the total fees collected under this section for
    administrative expenses.
        ``(f) Applicability of Fees.--The fees imposed under paragraphs (1)
    and (2) of subsection (a) shall terminate on October 1, 2036.
        ``(g) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Covered electric vehicle.--The term `covered electric
            vehicle' means a covered motor vehicle that meets the
            definition of `electric vehicle' under section 86.1803-01 of
            title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date
            of enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act).
                ``(2) Covered motor vehicle.--The term `covered motor
            vehicle' has the meaning given the term `motor vehicle' under
            section 154(a) but excludes a motor vehicle that is a covered
            farm vehicle or commercial motor vehicle (as such terms are
            defined in section 390.5 of title 49, Code of Federal
            Regulations).
                ``(3) Covered plug-in hybrid vehicle.--The term `covered
            hybrid vehicle' means a covered motor vehicle that meets the
            definition of `plug-in hybrid electric vehicle' under section
            86.1803-01 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in
            effect on the date of enactment of the BUILD America 250
            Act).''.
        (b) Implementation of Certain Processes.--
                (1) Implementation.--The Administrator of the Federal
            Highway Administration may provide grants to State motor
            vehicle departments, or equivalent departments, to implement a
            process to carry out section 182 of title 23, United States
            Code.
                (2) Funding.--There is authorized to be appropriated
            $104,000,000 to carry out this subsection, to remain available
            until September 30, 2030.
                (3) Eligible amounts.--Each State motor vehicle department
            may receive not more than $2,000,000 under this subsection.
        (c) Regulations.--The Administrator shall issue such regulations
    and guidance as are necessary to--
                (1) carry out section 182 of title 23, United States Code
            (as added by this section); and
                (2) establish a process for the timely and accurate
            remittance of fees collected under such section through an
            electronic method.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report on
    the status of the implementation of section 182 of title 23, United
    States Code (as added by this section).
        (e) Sense of the Committee.--It is the sense of the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives that
    registration fees collected under section 182 of title 23, United
    States Code (as added by this Act), should be deposited into the
    Highway Trust Fund and divided between accounts of such Trust Fund in
    the same manner as excise taxes enacted after 1982 are deposited into
    such Trust Fund.
        (f) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

    182. Registration fee on motor vehicles.

    SEC. 1130. TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY NO LONGER NEEDED.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 183. Transfer of real property no longer needed
        ``(a) In General.--If a recipient of assistance under this chapter
    determines real property acquired at least in part with such assistance
    is no longer necessary for the purpose for which such real property was
    acquired, the Secretary may authorize the recipient to transfer such
    real property, with no further obligation to the Government.
        ``(b) Conditions.--The Secretary may only authorize the transfer
    described under subsection (a) if the Secretary determines--
                ``(1) there is no longer a purpose for the real property
            eligible for assistance under this chapter for which such
            property should be used;
                ``(2) the overall benefit of allowing the transfer is
            greater than the interest of the Government in liquidation and
            return of the financial interest of the Government in the real
            property, after considering fair market value and other
            factors; and
                ``(3) through an appropriate screening or survey process,
            that there is no interest in acquiring the real property for
            Government use.
        ``(c) Recipients.--The Secretary may only authorize a transfer
    described under subsection (a) to--
                ``(1) a local governmental authority if such real property
            will remain a public asset for at least 10 years after the date
            on which the real property is transferred;
                ``(2) a local governmental authority or nonprofit
            organization for the development of the real property; or
                ``(3) a third-party entity for the development of the real
            property, if the Secretary determines that--
                        ``(A) a local governmental authority or nonprofit
                    organization is unable to receive the real property;
                        ``(B) the overall benefit of allowing the transfer
                    of the real property is greater than the interest of
                    the Government in selling the property, after
                    considering fair market value and other factors; and
                        ``(C) the third-party entity has demonstrated a
                    satisfactory history of construction or operating an
                    affordable housing development.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23,
    United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``183. Transfer of real property no longer needed.''.

    SEC. 1131. FEDERAL LANDS AND TRIBAL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS.

        Section 201(b)(7) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                        (A) by striking ``program or the'' and inserting
                    ``program, the''; and
                        (B) by striking ``program shall'' and inserting
                    ``program, or any project carried out using funds
                    awarded to an Indian Tribe under a competitive grant
                    program under this title or chapter 67 of title 49
                    shall''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``be be'' and inserting
            ``be''.

    SEC. 1132. TRIBAL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM.

        Section 202 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(8)(A) by inserting ``grading and''
            after ``excluding road'';
                (2) in subsection (e)(1) by striking ``section 148(a)(4).''
            and inserting ``paragraphs (4) and (11) of section 148(a).'';
            and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(g) Consolidated Delivery.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            law and subject to paragraph (2), grant funds awarded to an
            Indian Tribe from a competitive grant program administered by
            the Federal Highway Administration and made available to an
            Indian Tribe under a competitive program administered by the
            Federal Highway Administration or the Secretary may, at the
            request of such Indian Tribe, be administered as if allocated
            under this section.
                ``(2) Set-asides not applicable.--The following set-asides
            shall not apply to funds described in paragraph (1):
                        ``(A) The set-aside described in subparagraph (C)
                    of subsection (b)(3).
                        ``(B) The set-asides described in subsections
                    (a)(6), (c), and (e).
                        ``(C) The set-aside described in section 1123(h)(1)
                    of MAP-21 (23 U.S.C. 202 note).''.

    SEC. 1133. FEDERAL LANDS TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM.

        Section 203 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by redesignating clauses (iv), (v),
                            (vi), and (vii) as clauses (v), (vi), (viii),
                            and (ix), respectively;
                                (ii) by inserting after clause (iii) the
                            following:
                                ``(iv) provisions for individuals with
                            disabilities;''; and
                                (iii) by inserting after clause (vi) (as so
                            redesignated) the following:
                                ``(vii) projects to improve the resilience
                            of Federal lands transportation facilities;
                            and''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) by inserting ``than'' after ``not
                            more''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``(A)(iv)(I)'' and
                            inserting ``(A)(v)(I)''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)(1)--
                        (A) by striking ``October 1, 2011, and on''; and
                        (B) by striking ``thereafter''.

    SEC. 1134. FEDERAL LANDS ACCESS PROGRAM.

        Section 204(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by redesignating clauses (iv) through
                            (ix) as clauses (v) through (x), respectively;
                            and
                                (ii) by inserting after clause (iii) the
                            following:
                                ``(iv) provisions for individuals with
                            disabilities;''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (C) by inserting ``, including
                    a project to improve the resilience of such a
                    transportation facility'' after ``Federal land''; and
                (2) by striking paragraph (6).

    SEC. 1135. NATIONALLY SIGNIFICANT FEDERAL LANDS AND TRIBAL PROJECTS
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 1123(c)(3) of the FAST Act (23 U.S.C. 201 note) is amended
    by striking ``$12,500,000'' and inserting ``$5,000,000''.

    SEC. 1136. TRIBAL HIGH PRIORITY PROJECTS PROGRAM.

        Section 1123(h) of MAP-21 (23 U.S.C. 202 note) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
            2031''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
            2031''.

    SEC. 1137. CONSOLIDATION OF PROGRAMS.

        Section 1519(a) of MAP-21 (Public Law 112-141; 126 Stat. 574) is
    amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``fiscal
    years 2022 through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
    2031''.

    SEC. 1138. UPDATE TO NONMOTORIZED TRAILS DEFINITION.

        Section 206 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1) by striking ``except for a
            motorized wheelchair.'' and inserting ``except for
                        ``(A) a motorized wheelchair; and
                        ``(B) an electric bicycle (as such term is defined
                    in section 217(j)).''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(j) Authority to Limit Use.--Notwithstanding subsection
    (a)(1)(B), a State or local government may restrict or prohibit the
    operation of an electric bicycle, including a specific class of
    electric bicycle, on a nonmotorized recreational trail.''.

      Subtitle B--Improved Project Delivery and Environmental Streamlining

    SEC. 1201. PROJECT APPROVAL AND OVERSIGHT.

        Section 106 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (e)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by striking ``$50,000,000'' and
                            inserting ``$100,000,000''; and
                                (ii) by adding ``and'' at the end;
                        (B) by striking subparagraph (B); and
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as
                    subparagraph (B); and
                (2) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``$500,000,000''
                    and inserting ``$1,000,000,000''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Total cost.--The estimated total cost for a major
            project described in paragraph (1) shall be adjusted annually
            to reflect increases in the rate of inflation as measured by
            Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the
            Department of Labor.''.

    SEC. 1202. EXEMPTION FROM REVIEW.

        (a) Title 23.--Section 138 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(g) Certain Undertakings.--
                ``(1) In general.--An undertaking described in appendix A
            or that has received the appropriate determination described in
            appendix B of the notice of approval issued by the Advisory
            Council on Historic Preservation titled `Program Comment on
            Certain Housing, Building, and Transportation Undertakings',
            published on April 2, 2025 (90 Fed. Reg. 14526) that is part of
            a transportation program or project shall not be considered use
            under subsection (a).
                ``(2) Rule of construction.--The exemption under paragraph
            (1) shall not be construed to apply to any other aspect of a
            transportation program or project that is not an undertaking
            described in such paragraph.
                ``(3) Applicability on tribal land.--The exemption under
            this subsection shall not apply to undertakings located on
            Tribal lands, or to undertakings that may affect historic
            properties located on Tribal lands, unless the applicable
            Tribal historic preservation officer or a designated
            representative of the applicable Indian Tribe has provided
            prior written notification to the Secretary that the Tribe
            consents to the use of the exemption under this subsection.''.
        (b) Title 49.--Section 303 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)(2)(A) by striking ``, United States
            Code''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(i) Certain Undertakings.--
                ``(1) In general.--An undertaking described in appendix A
            or that has received the appropriate determination described in
            appendix B of the notice of approval issued by the Advisory
            Council on Historic Preservation titled `Program Comment on
            Certain Housing, Building, and Transportation Undertakings',
            published on April 2, 2025, (90 Fed. Reg. 14526) that is part
            of a transportation program or project shall not be considered
            use under subsection (a).
                ``(2) Rule of construction.--The exemption under paragraph
            (1) shall not be construed to apply to any other aspect of a
            transportation program or project that is not an undertaking
            described in such paragraph.
                ``(3) Applicability on tribal land.--The exemption under
            this subsection shall not apply to undertakings located on
            Tribal lands, or to undertakings that may affect historic
            properties located on Tribal lands, unless the applicable
            Tribal historic preservation officer or a designated
            representative of the applicable Indian Tribe has provided
            prior written notification to the Secretary that the Tribe
            consents to the use of the exemption under this subsection.''.

    SEC. 1203. EFFICIENT ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS FOR PROJECT DECISIONMAKING
                  AND ONE FEDERAL DECISION.

        Section 139 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(B) by striking ``may'' and
                    inserting ``shall''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (7)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``shall
                            review'' and inserting ``shall biennially
                            review''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                        (I) in the heading by striking
                                    ``Report'' and inserting ``Briefing'';
                                    and
                                        (II) by striking ``Not later than''
                                    and all that follows through ``that
                                    includes'' and inserting ``Not later
                                    than 30 days after the completion of
                                    each review required under subparagraph
                                    (A), the Secretary shall provide to the
                                    Committee on Transportation and
                                    Infrastructure of the House of
                                    Representatives and the Committee on
                                    Environment and Public Works of the
                                    Senate a briefing that includes'';
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2) by striking ``45 days'' and
                    inserting ``30 days'';
                        (B) in paragraph (8)(D) by striking ``project if''
                    and inserting ``project only if''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (10)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B) by striking
                            ``final''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C) by striking
                            ``subparagraph (A) if'' and inserting
                            ``subparagraph (A) only if'';
                (3) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``process'' and
                    inserting ``process and before the definition of a
                    project's purpose and need in paragraph (2)''; and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(2) Definition.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The lead agency shall define
                    such project's purpose and need for purposes of any
                    document which the lead agency is responsible for
                    preparing for the project.
                        ``(B) Deadline.--The lead agency shall define such
                    project's purpose and need not later than 45 days
                    after--
                                ``(i) the submission by the project sponsor
                            of the appropriate information to inform the
                            purpose and need description; or
                                ``(ii) any appropriately completed proposed
                            revision to a project that affects the purpose
                            and need description previously prepared or
                            accepted by the lead agency.
                        ``(C) Technical assistance.--The Secretary may
                    provide a project sponsor with technical assistance in
                    drafting--
                                ``(i) a purpose and need statement; and
                                ``(ii) any necessary supporting
                            documentation for projects involving Federal
                            approvals from more than 1 Federal agency.'';
                (4) in subsection (g)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B) by striking clause (iii)
                    and inserting the following:
                                ``(iii) Major project schedule.--To the
                            maximum extent practicable and consistent with
                            applicable Federal law, in the case of a major
                            project, the lead agency shall develop, in
                            concurrence with the project sponsor, a
                            schedule for the major project that is
                            consistent with the following agency averages
                            for the completion of the environmental review
                            process for major projects--
                                        ``(I) not more than 2 years for an
                                    environmental impact statement, as
                                    measured from the date of publication
                                    of a notice of intent to prepare an
                                    environmental impact statement to the
                                    record of decision; or
                                        ``(II) not more than 1 year for an
                                    environmental assessment, as measured
                                    from the date on which the head of the
                                    lead agency determines that an
                                    environmental assessment is required to
                                    a finding of no significant impact.'';
                                    and
                        (B) by striking subparagraph (D) and inserting the
                    following:
                        ``(D) Modification.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Subject to the
                            provisions of this subparagraph, the lead
                            agency may not lengthen or shorten a schedule
                            established under subparagraph (B) except for
                            good cause.
                                ``(ii) Provisions.--
                                        ``(I) Lengthened schedules.--The
                                    lead agency may only lengthen a
                                    schedule under clause (i) for a
                                    cooperating Federal agency by not more
                                    than 1 year after the latest deadline
                                    established for the major project by
                                    the lead agency.
                                        ``(II) Shortened schedules.--The
                                    lead agency may not shorten a schedule
                                    under clause (i) if doing so would
                                    impair the ability of a cooperating
                                    Federal agency to conduct necessary
                                    analyses or otherwise carry out
                                    relevant obligations of the Federal
                                    agency for the project.'';
                (5) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) in paragraph (4) by striking ``unless
                    significant'' and inserting ``unless, as determined by
                    the lead agency, significant and relevant'';
                        (B) in paragraph (7)(D) by striking ``certifies
                    that'' and inserting ``certifies to the Committee on
                    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Environment and
                    Public Works of the Senate that''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (8)(B)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding clause (i) by
                            striking ``120 days after the date of enactment
                            of the MAP-21'' and inserting ``90 days''; and
                                (ii) by striking clause (ii) and inserting
                            the following:
                                ``(ii) A project that requires the
                            preparation of an environmental impact
                            statement.
                                ``(iii) A sample of not less than 5 percent
                            of the projects requiring preparation of an
                            environmental assessment in each State.'';
                (6) in subsection (i) by striking ``establish'' and
            inserting ``establish, maintain, and continuously improve'';
                (7) in subsection (j)(3) by striking ``section 204'' and
            inserting ``section 203 or section 204'';
                (8) in subsection (l)(1) by striking ``highway or public
            transportation'' and inserting ``highway, public
            transportation, or rail'';
                (9) in subsection (n) by striking paragraph (3) and
            inserting the following:
                ``(3) Length of environmental documents.--
                        ``(A) Environmental impact statements.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii), an environmental impact statement
                            shall not exceed 150 pages, not including any
                            citations or appendices.
                                ``(ii) Extraordinary complexity.--An
                            environmental impact statement for a proposed
                            action of extraordinary complexity, as
                            determined by the lead agency, shall not exceed
                            300 pages, not including any citations or
                            appendices.
                        ``(B) Environmental assessments.--An environmental
                    assessment shall not exceed 75 pages, not including any
                    citations or appendices.''; and
                (10) in subsection (q)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``Not later than
                    60 days after the date of enactment of this subsection,
                    and every 4 years thereafter, the Secretary shall'' and
                    inserting ``Not less than every 3 years, the Secretary
                    shall''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (F) by striking ``and''
                            at the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (G) as
                            subparagraph (H); and
                                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (F)
                            the following:
                        ``(G) the Environmental Protection Agency; and''.

    SEC. 1204. REPORTING PROGRAM.

        Section 157(b) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Public availability.--The Secretary shall make any
            report issued pursuant to this subsection publicly available on
            the website of the Department not later than 30 days after
            submission of the report under paragraph (1).''.

    SEC. 1205. TERMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW IMPLEMENTATION FUNDS
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 178 of title 23, United States Code, and the item relating
    to such section in the analysis for chapter 1 of such title, are
    repealed.

    SEC. 1206. STREAMLINING OF ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENT PREPARATION.

        (a) Use of Planning Information.--Section 304a of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Use of Planning Information.--An operating administration of
    the Department of Transportation that is the lead agency for the
    preparation of an environmental impact statement may eliminate an
    alternative for a project proposed in the environmental impact
    statement from detailed consideration if--
                ``(1) the alternative was previously considered in--
                        ``(A) a metropolitan planning process by a
                    metropolitan planning organization;
                        ``(B) an environmental review process carried out
                    under State law by a State or local transportation
                    agency; or
                        ``(C) a State rail plan under chapter 227 that has
                    been approved by the Secretary;
                ``(2) the lead agency provided guidance to the applicable
            planning or review entity regarding analysis of alternatives in
            the applicable planning or review process, including guidance
            on the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of
            1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and any other Federal law
            necessary for approval of the project;
                ``(3) the applicable metropolitan planning process or State
            environmental review process included an opportunity for public
            review and comment that is comparable to the applicable public
            review and comment requirements of the National Environmental
            Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);
                ``(4) the applicable planning or review entity considered
            and, after considering public comments gathered pursuant to
            paragraph (3), rejected the alternative;
                ``(5) the Federal lead agency independently reviewed the
            alternative evaluation approved by the applicable planning or
            review entity; and
                ``(6) the Federal lead agency determined--
                        ``(A) in consultation with Federal participating or
                    cooperating agencies, that the alternative to be
                    eliminated from consideration is not necessary for
                    compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act
                    of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); or
                        ``(B) with the concurrence of Federal agencies with
                    jurisdiction over a permit or approval required for a
                    project, that the alternative to be eliminated from
                    consideration is not necessary for any permit or
                    approval under any other Federal law.''.
        (b) Planning Product Definition.--Section 168(a)(3) of title 23,
    United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
                ``(3) Planning product.--The term `planning product' means
            a decision, analysis, study, or other documented information
            that is the result of an evaluation or decision-making process
            of--
                        ``(A) a metropolitan planning process by a
                    metropolitan planning organization under section 134;
                        ``(B) a State transportation planning process under
                    section 135;
                        ``(C) an environmental review process carried out
                    under State law by a State or local transportation
                    agency;
                        ``(D) a State rail plan under chapter 227 of title
                    49 that has been approved by the Secretary; or
                        ``(E) any other transportation planning process
                    authorized by State law.''.
        (c) Alternative Analysis.--Section 139(f)(4)(E) of title 23, United
    States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking clause (i)(II) and inserting the following:
                                        ``(II) the evaluations of
                                    alternatives in a planning or review
                                    process described in clause (ii)(I).'';
                                    and
                (2) in clause (ii)--
                        (A) by striking subclause (I) and inserting the
                    following:
                                        ``(I) the alternative was
                                    considered in--
                                                ``(aa) a metropolitan
                                            planning process by a
                                            metropolitan planning
                                            organization;
                                                ``(bb) a State
                                            environmental review process by
                                            a State or local transportation
                                            agency; or
                                                ``(cc) a State rail plan
                                            under chapter 227 of title 49
                                            that has been approved by the
                                            Secretary;'';
                        (B) in subclause (II) by striking ``metropolitan
                    planning organization or State or local transportation
                    agency, as applicable,'' and inserting ``applicable
                    planning or review entity'';
                        (C) in subclause (III) by striking ``metropolitan
                    planning process or State environmental review
                    process'' and inserting ``planning or review process'';
                        (D) in subclause (IV) by striking ``metropolitan
                    planning organization or State or local transportation
                    agency'' and inserting ``planning or review entity'';
                    and
                        (E) in subclause (V) by striking ``metropolitan
                    planning organization or State or local transportation
                    agency'' and inserting ``planning or review entity''.

    SEC. 1207. STATE AND ELIGIBLE ENTITY ASSUMPTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR
                  CATEGORICAL EXCLUSIONS.

        Section 326 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in the section heading by inserting ``and eligible
            entities'' after ``State'';
                (2) by striking ``a State'' and inserting ``an eligible
            entity'' each place it appears (excluding subsection (c)(2));
                (3) by striking ``States'' and inserting ``eligible
            entities'' each place it appears;
                (4) by striking ``the State'' and inserting ``the eligible
            entity'' each place it appears (excluding subsection
            (d)(1)(B)(iii));
                (5) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``pursuant to
                    regulations promulgated by the Council on Environmental
                    Quality under part 1500 of title 40, Code of Federal
                    Regulations (as in effect on October 1, 2003)'' and
                    inserting ``pursuant to the National Environmental
                    Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)'';
                        (B) in paragraph (4) by inserting ``, public
                    transportation, or rail'' after ``highway''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) Qualifications.--For an eligible entity that is not a
            State, the Secretary shall establish qualifications relating to
            the demonstration of legal, technical, and financial
            capabilities before permitting such eligible entity to assume
            responsibility under this subsection.'';
                (6) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading by striking
                            ``States'' and inserting ``eligible entities'';
                            and
                                (ii) by striking ``Governor of a State''
                            and inserting ``chief executive of an eligible
                            entity''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``3
                            years'' and inserting ``5 years''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``5
                            years'' and inserting ``10 years'';
                (7) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(B)(iii) by striking ``Governor
                    of the State'' and inserting ``chief executive of the
                    eligible entity''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading by striking
                            ``State'' and inserting ``eligible entity'';
                            and
                                (ii) by striking ``90 days'' and inserting
                            ``180 days'';
                (8) in subsection (e) in the subsection heading by striking
            ``State Agency'' and inserting ``Agency''; and
                (9) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(g) Relationship to Locally Administered Projects.--An eligible
    entity granted authority under this section may, as appropriate and at
    the request of a local government--
                ``(1) exercise such authority on behalf of the local
            government for a locally administered project; or
                ``(2) provide guidance and training on consolidating and
            minimizing the documentation and environmental analyses
            necessary for sponsors of a locally administered project to
            comply with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
            U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and any comparable requirements under
            State law.
        ``(h) Eligible Entity Defined.--In this section, the term `eligible
    entity' means--
                ``(1) a State; or
                ``(2) a direct recipient of funds under chapter 53 of title
            49 that is located in an urbanized area with a population of
            more than 200,000 individuals.''.

    SEC. 1208. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION PROJECT DELIVERY PROGRAM.

        Section 327 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by inserting ``or partially
                    within, including projects that cross State boundaries
                    and projects that are adjacent to international
                    boundaries,'' after ``projects within''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(H) Projects crossing state boundaries.--For any
                    project crossing a State boundary, a State assuming the
                    responsibilities of the Secretary under this section
                    shall receive concurrence from the impacted State or
                    States through which the project crosses.'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(2) in the matter preceding
            subparagraph (A)--
                        (A) by striking ``Not later than 270 days after the
                    date on which amendments to this section by the MAP-21
                    take effect, the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                        (B) by striking ``amend, as appropriate,'' and
                    inserting ``maintain and, as appropriate, update'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (6) by striking ``and'';
                        (B) in paragraph (7) by striking ``10 years, have a
                    term of 10 years.'' and inserting ``5 years, have a
                    term of 10 years; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) include only requirements of the State described in
            this section.'';
                (4) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(D) by striking ``(including
                    public comment and responses to those comments)''; and
                        (B) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
                ``(2) Public availability.--An audit conducted under
            paragraph (1) shall be made publicly available by the Secretary
            on the website of the Department.'';
                (5) in subsection (i) by striking ``Congress'' and
            inserting ``the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
            of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
            Environment and Public Works of the Senate''; and
                (6) in subsection (j)(2) by striking ``90 days'' and
            inserting ``180 days''.

    SEC. 1209. PROGRAM FOR ELIMINATING DUPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
                  REVIEWS.

        Section 330 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (k); and
                (2) by redesignating subsection (l) as subsection (k).

    SEC. 1210. TRAINING AND EDUCATION; BEST PRACTICES.

        (a) In General.--Section 504(a) of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (3)(A)(i)--
                        (A) by striking ``asset management,'' and inserting
                    ``contracting, procurement, and asset management,'';
                        (B) by redesignating subclauses (I) through (IV) as
                    subclauses (IV) through (VII); and
                        (C) by inserting after the matter preceding
                    subclause (IV) (as redesignated by this section) the
                    following:
                                        ``(I) contract management
                                    throughout all stages of procurement;
                                        ``(II) the need for specificity in
                                    initial contract scoping and language
                                    to reduce project uncertainty, the
                                    potential for project scope changes
                                    after a contract has been awarded, and
                                    the risk of cost overruns;
                                        ``(III) the importance of
                                    competition in contracting and how
                                    State transportation departments or
                                    transportation agencies should
                                    advertise and conduct outreach to
                                    potential bidders to increase the
                                    bidder pool for projects;'';
                (2) in paragraph (3)(A)(ii)--
                        (A) in subclause (V) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subclause (VI) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                                        ``(VII) managing contracting
                                    officers and engineers and measuring
                                    the performance of such contracting
                                    officers and engineers as such
                                    performance relates to the relative
                                    costs of projects compared to projects
                                    of comparable scopes that are
                                    supervised by other contracting
                                    officers and engineers.''; and
                (3) in paragraph (3)(B) by striking ``and finance.'' and
            inserting ``finance, and such other courses the Secretary
            determines appropriate.''.
        (b) Best Practices.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop and transmit
            to each State transportation department best practices on--
                        (A) improving specificity in initial contract
                    scoping and language to reduce project uncertainty, the
                    potential for project scope changes after a contract
                    has been awarded, and the risk of cost overruns;
                        (B) increasing competition in projects funded with
                    Federal grants;
                        (C) improving contract advertisement and conducting
                    outreach to potential bidders to increase the bidder
                    pool for projects; and
                        (D) improving contracting officer and engineer
                    performance to ensure the greatest value in contracting
                    by a State department of transportation.
                (2) Plans.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, each State transportation department
            shall submit to the Secretary--
                        (A) a plan to incorporate the best practices
                    developed under paragraph (1) into State transportation
                    department procurement and management processes; and
                        (B) other best practices of the State
                    transportation department that achieve the items
                    specified in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of paragraph
                    (1).
                (3) Periodic revision.--The Secretary shall periodically
            review and, if appropriate, revise the best practices developed
            under paragraph (1) and transmit such revisions to each State
            department of transportation.

    SEC. 1211. ACCELERATED DECISIONMAKING IN ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS.

        Section 304a(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) by striking ``a draft environmental impact
                    statement, an environmental assessment, or a final
                    environmental impact statement'' and inserting ``an
                    environmental assessment or environmental impact
                    statement''; and
                        (B) by striking ``or final'' and inserting ``or'';
                    and
                (2) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) by striking ``a draft environmental impact
                    statement, an environmental assessment, or a final
                    environmental impact statement'' and inserting ``an
                    environmental assessment or environmental impact
                    statement''; and
                        (B) by striking ``or final'' and inserting ``or''
                    in each place it appears.

    SEC. 1212. ALIGNING FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS.

        Section 310 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``Not later than 1 year after the
                    date of enactment of this section, the'' and inserting
                    ``The''; and
                        (B) by striking ``develop'' and inserting
                    ``establish and periodically update'';
                (2) in subsection (b) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)
            by striking ``developed'' and inserting ``established'';
                (3) in subsection (c)(1)--
                        (A) by striking ``Not later than 90 days after the
                    date of enactment of this section, the'' and inserting
                    ``The''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``and continuously maintain''
                    after ``jointly develop'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)(B) by inserting ``to the
                    maximum extent practicable'' after ``utilizing''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (4) by inserting ``relevant''
                    before ``groups'';
                (5) in subsection (e) by striking ``Not later than 1 year
            after the date of enactment of this section, the'' and
            inserting ``The''; and
                (6) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (2);
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``and''
                            at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) challenges in aligning Federal environmental reviews
            under this section.'';
                        (C) by striking ``Reports'' and all that follows
                    through ``Not later than'' and inserting ``Reports.--
                    Not later than''; and
                        (D) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as
                    paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively.

    SEC. 1213. FTA ALLOWANCE OF LAND ACQUISITION.

        Section 5323(q) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in the subsection heading by inserting ``; Land
            Acquisition'' after ``Preservation'';
                (2) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by striking the period at the end and inserting
                    ``; and'';
                        (B) by striking ``may assist'' and inserting
                    ``may--
                        ``(A) assist''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) pursuant to paragraph (3)(B), reimburse a
                    recipient for the acquisition of real property
                    interests before completion of such environmental
                    reviews without affecting subsequent approvals required
                    for any project by the State or any Federal agency.'';
                (3) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) by inserting ``and real property interests''
                    before ``acquired under''; and
                        (B) by striking ``anticipation of the project'' and
                    inserting ``anticipation of a project''; and
                (4) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Recipient-funded early acquisition of real property
            interests.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A recipient may carry out, at
                    the expense of the recipient, acquisitions of interests
                    in real property for a project before completion of the
                    review process required for a project under the
                    National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C.
                    4321 et seq.) without affecting subsequent approvals
                    required for a project by the State or any Federal
                    agency.
                        ``(B) Eligibility for reimbursement.--Financial
                    assistance awarded pursuant to this chapter may be used
                    by a recipient to participate in the payment of costs
                    incurred by the recipient for acquisition of real
                    property interests, acquired in advance of any Federal
                    approval or authorization, if the real property
                    interests are subsequently incorporated into a capital
                    project eligible for financial assistance pursuant to
                    this chapter.''.

    SEC. 1214. CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION FOR PROJECTS OF LIMITED FEDERAL
                  ASSISTANCE.

        (a) In General.--Section 1317(1) of MAP-21 (23 U.S.C. 109 note) is
    amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking
            ``Regulations, and section 771.117(c) of title 23, Code of
            Federal Regulations'' and inserting ``Regulations, and sections
            771.116(c), 771.117(c), and 771.118(c) of title 23, Code of
            Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations or policies
            relating to categorical exclusions)'';
                (2) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``$6,000,000'' and
            inserting ``$12,000,000''; and
                (3) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``$35,000,000'' and
            inserting ``$70,000,000''.
        (b) Codification.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule revising
    part 771 of title 23, Code of Federal Regulations, to reflect the
    amendments made by subsection (a).
        (c) Adoption by Other Federal Agencies.--
                (1) Limitation.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            law, after the date of enactment of this Act, a categorical
            exclusion described in section 1317(1) of MAP-21 (23 U.S.C. 109
            note) may be used only by the Department.
                (2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
            construed to affect the adoption or use of such categorical
            exclusion by any Federal agency as it was in effect on the date
            before the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 1215. PROGRAMMATIC AGREEMENTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 1318 of MAP-21 (23 U.S.C. 109 note) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2) by striking ``Federal Highway
                    Administration'' and inserting ``Secretary''; and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(3) Determinations.--An agreement described in paragraph
            (2) may include determinations by the Secretary of the types of
            projects categorically excluded (consistent with the National
            Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)) in
            the State in addition to the types listed in applicable
            regulations and orders.''; and
                (2) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``described in
                    section 771.117(c)'' and all that follows through
                    ``this subsection)'' and inserting ``described in
                    sections 771.116, 771.117, and 771.118 of title 23,
                    Code of Federal Regulations''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3) by striking ``described in
                    section 771.117(c)'' and all that follows through
                    ``this subsection),'' and inserting ``described in
                    sections 771.116, 771.117, and 771.118 of title 23,
                    Code of Federal Regulations,''.
        (b) Revision of Templates.--Not later than 90 days after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the heads
    of State transportation departments and any other entities determined
    appropriate by the Secretary, shall--
                (1) review the template programmatic agreement developed
            under section 1318(e) of MAP-21 (23 U.S.C. 109 note) and
            identify each type of project that--
                        (A) may be subject to a programmatic agreement
                    authorized under section 1318(d)(1) of MAP-21 (23
                    U.S.C. 109 note);
                        (B) is not included in the template as part of a
                    determination of the Secretary under section 1318(d)(3)
                    of MAP-21 (23 U.S.C. 109 note); and
                        (C) is categorically excluded from the preparation
                    of an environmental assessment or environmental impact
                    statement under the National Environmental Policy Act
                    of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and
                (2) revise the template programmatic agreement to include
            each type of project identified under paragraph (1) that the
            Secretary determines appropriate to increase flexibility for
            States that enter into a programmatic agreement to carry out
            environmental and other required project reviews.

    SEC. 1216. STREAMLINING TRIBAL CATEGORICAL EXCLUSIONS.

        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary shall seek to develop a set of shared procedures with the
    head of a relevant Federal agency to allow, to the maximum extent
    practicable, sponsors of projects eligible for assistance under section
    202 of title 23, United States Code, to submit 1 document to
    demonstrate that the conditions for any categorical exclusion under the
    National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.),
    that has been adopted by the Secretary, or such head, are satisfied.

    SEC. 1217. STREAMLINING SMALL SAFETY PROJECTS.

        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary shall publish, and amend as appropriate, a uniform checklist
    to help project sponsors determine whether certain safety projects
    qualify for a categorical exclusion under paragraph (3) or (23) of
    section 771.117(c) of title 23, Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 1218. UPDATES TO CATEGORICAL EXCLUSIONS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
                  PROJECTS.

        (a) Categorical Exclusions for Public Transportation Projects.--Not
    later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary shall take such action as may be necessary to--
                (1) establish such categorical exclusions as the Secretary
            determines to be relevant and appropriate for use by the
            Federal Transit Administration with respect to public
            transportation projects after reviewing categorical
            exclusions--
                        (A) adopted by agencies within the Department; and
                        (B) identified in the most recently conducted
                    process pursuant to section 139(q) of title 23, United
                    States Code;
                (2) clarify the application of categorical exclusions under
            section 771.118 of title 23, Code of Federal Regulations (or
            any successor regulations), that are explicitly applicable to
            the assembly, construction, repair, or replacement of transit
            shelters (or other transit-related shelters) located
            predominantly within an existing right-of-way; and
                (3) minimize, to the greatest extent allowable by law, the
            requirements for a recipient of assistance under chapter 53 of
            title 49, United States Code, to complete documentation or
            studies for use by the Secretary in determining if a project
            for which such assistance is awarded is subject to--
                        (A) a categorical exclusion established under
                    paragraph (1);
                        (B) a categorical exclusion described in paragraph
                    (2); or
                        (C) the requirements of section 306108 of title 54,
                    United States Code.
        (b) Guidance Regarding National Historic Preservation Act Review.--
    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary, taking into consideration the notice of approval issued by
    the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation titled ``Program Comment
    on Certain Housing, Building, and Transportation Undertakings'',
    published on April 2, 2025, (90 Fed. Reg. 14526), shall issue guidance
    for recipients of assistance described in subsection (a)(3) with
    respect to the processes and procedures such recipients may experience
    in attaining, if applicable, review pursuant to section 306108 of title
    54, United States Code.
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall brief the Committee on Transportation
    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate on the actions
    undertaken by the Secretary to carry out this section.
        (d) Transit Shelter Defined.--In this section, the term ``transit
    shelter'' means a canopy structure or other structure open to the
    elements on at least 1 side and provides partial weather protection for
    users of public transportation.

                           Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

    SEC. 1301. TRANSPORTATION RULEMAKING COMMITTEES.

        (a) In General.--Section 102 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(k) Transportation Rulemaking Committees.--Chapter 10 of title 5
    shall not apply to such transportation rulemaking committees as the
    Secretary or the head of a modal administration of the Department shall
    designate.''.
        (b) Adoption of Existing Procedures.--
                (1) In general.--In issuing guidance for the processes and
            procedures relating to transportation rulemaking committees
            enabled by the amendment under subsection (a), the Secretary
            shall, to the maximum extent practicable, adopt the same
            processes and procedures applicable to aviation rulemaking
            committees (as such term is referenced in section 106(p)(5)(B)
            of title 49, United States Code) as such processes and
            procedures are prescribed in the document entitled ``The
            Federal Aviation Administration Rulemaking and Federal Advisory
            Committee Manual'', approved June 6, 2024.
                (2) Clarification.--In issuing guidance under paragraph
            (1), the Secretary shall clarify that--
                        (A) a transportation rulemaking committee may have
                    more than 1 Industry Co-Chair; and
                        (B) an individual representing any relevant non-
                    Federal stakeholder (including an individual
                    representing the interests of State or local
                    governments or public interest organizations) may not
                    be precluded from serving as an Industry Co-Chair of a
                    transportation rulemaking committee.
        (c) Requirements.--
                (1) Transparency.--The Secretary shall make all reports and
            recommendations of a transportation rulemaking committee
            required to be established under this Act publicly available
            prior to initiating an applicable rulemaking, if applicable.
                (2) Rulemaking.--The Secretary shall ensure that any
            rulemaking that results from any regulatory recommendation of a
            transportation rulemaking committee required to be established
            under this Act is promulgated by a Notice of Proposed
            Rulemaking.
        (d) Rule of Construction.--The amendment made by subsection (a) may
    not be construed to restrict the authority of the Administrator of the
    Federal Aviation Administration under section 106(p)(5) of title 49,
    United States Code, as such authority existed on the day before the
    date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 1302. VEHICLE WEIGHT LIMITS.

        (a) Covered Heavy-duty Tow and Recovery Vehicles.--Section 127(m)
    of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
                ``(1) In general.--The vehicle weight limitations set forth
            in this section do not apply to a covered heavy-duty tow and
            recovery vehicle operating in a State under a permit--
                        ``(A) issued by such State in accordance with State
                    law; and
                        ``(B) that includes routing or similar information
                    to ensure safe operation of such vehicle on highway
                    bridges and tunnels.''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                        (A) by striking ``a gross vehicle weight'' and
                    inserting ``a gross combined weight rating''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``rating'' after ``the gross
                    vehicle weight''.
        (b) Operation of Certain Specialized Vehicles on Certain Highways
    in the State of Arkansas.--Section 127(p) of title 23, United States
    Code, is amended by inserting ``and United States Highway 67 between
    the exits for county road 315 and highway 224'' before ``in the State
    of Arkansas''.
        (c) Emergency Vehicles.--Section 127(r) of title 23, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph
            (A), by striking ``a State'' and all that follows through
            ``less than'' and inserting ``a State shall issue a permit for
            the operation of an emergency vehicle with a vehicle weight up
            to 86,000 pounds and a maximum of'';
                (2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
                (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Permitting requirement.--Any permit issued pursuant
            to this subsection shall be issued in accordance with State law
            and shall include routing or similar information to ensure safe
            operation of an emergency vehicle on highway bridges.''.
        (d) Hydrogen Vehicles.--Section 127(s) of title 23, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in the subsection heading by striking ``Gas and
            Electric Battery Vehicles'' and inserting ``Gas, Electric
            Battery, and Hydrogen Vehicles'';
                (2) by striking ``gas or'' and inserting ``gas,''; and
                (3) by inserting ``fueled primarily by hydrogen, or fueled
            or powered by a combination thereof,'' before ``may exceed''.
        (e) Dry Bulk Axle Weight Variance.--Section 127 of title 23, United
    States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(z) Dry Bulk Axle Weight Variance.--
                ``(1) Weight variance.--Notwithstanding any other provision
            of this section, except for the maximum gross vehicle weight
            limitation, a commercial motor vehicle transporting dry bulk
            goods may not exceed 110 percent of the maximum weight on any
            axle or axle group described in subsection (a), including any
            enforcement tolerance.
                ``(2) Dry bulk goods defined.--In this subsection, the term
            `dry bulk goods' means any homogeneous unmarked, unpackaged,
            non-liquid cargo being transported in a trailer specifically
            designed for that purpose.''.
        (f) Operation of Certain Agricultural Vehicles in the State of
    Louisiana.--Section 127 of title 23, United States Code, is further
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(aa) Operation of Certain Agricultural Vehicles in the State of
    Louisiana.--
                ``(1) In general.--The State of Louisiana may allow, by
            special permit, the operation of a covered agricultural vehicle
            on the Interstate System in the State of Louisiana if such
            vehicle--
                        ``(A) does not exceed a gross vehicle weight of
                    88,000 pounds;
                        ``(B) does not exceed 110 percent of the maximum
                    weight on any axle or axle group described in
                    subsection (a)(2), including any enforcement tolerance;
                    and
                        ``(C) has no fewer than 5 axles.
                ``(2) Covered agricultural vehicle defined.--In this
            subsection, the term `covered agricultural vehicle' means a
            vehicle that is transporting unprocessed agricultural crops
            used for food, feed or fiber, or raw or unfinished forest
            products, including logs, pulpwood, biomass, or woodchips.''.
        (g) Operation of Certain Logging Vehicles in the State of
    Arkansas.--Section 127 of title 23, United States Code, is further
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(bb) Operation of Certain Logging Vehicles in the State of
    Arkansas.--
                ``(1) In general.--The State of Arkansas may allow, by
            special permit, the operation of a covered logging vehicle on
            the Interstate System in the State of Arkansas if such
            vehicle--
                        ``(A) does not exceed a gross vehicle weight of
                    85,000 pounds;
                        ``(B) has no fewer than 5 axles; and
                        ``(C) travels a maximum distance of 20 miles on the
                    Interstate System from origin to a storage or
                    processing facility.
                ``(2) Covered logging vehicle defined.--In this subsection,
            the term `covered logging vehicle' means a vehicle that is
            transporting raw or unfinished forest products, including logs,
            pulpwood, biomass, or wood chips.''.
        (h) Operation of Certain Vehicles in the State of Iowa.--Section
    127 of title 23, United States Code, is further amended by adding at
    the end the following:
        ``(cc) Operation of Certain Vehicles in the State of Iowa.--
                ``(1) Interstate designation.--If any segment of Iowa State
            Route 5 in Iowa from the interchange with Interstate Route 35
            to the interchange with United States Route 65, or United
            States Route 65 in Iowa from the interchange with Iowa State
            Route 5 and United States Route 69 to the interchange with
            Interstate Route 80, is designated as a route on the Interstate
            System, a vehicle that could operate legally on such segment
            before the date of such designation may continue to operate on
            such segment, without regard to any requirement under this
            section.
                ``(2) Special permits.--The State of Iowa may allow, by
            special permit, the operation of vehicles with a gross vehicle
            weight of up to 108,000 pounds for the hauling of divisible
            loads on a segment of Interstate Route 380 in the State of Iowa
            from the west interchange with United States Route 20 and
            United States Route 218 to the east interchange with United
            States Route 20.''.

    SEC. 1303. DESIGNATION OF HIGH PRIORITY CORRIDORS ON NATIONAL HIGHWAY
                  SYSTEM.

        (a) Designation as High Priority Corridor.--Section 1105(c) of the
    Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law
    102-240) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(103) United States Route 74 from I-26 in the vicinity of
            Columbus, North Carolina to I-85 in the vicinity of Kings
            Mountain, North Carolina.
                ``(104) United States Route 421 from Wilkesboro, North
            Carolina, to Winston-Salem, North Carolina.''.
        (b) Designation as Future Interstate.--Section 1105(e)(5) of the
    Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law
    102-240) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``and subsection
            (c)(102)'' and inserting ``subsection (c)(102), subsection
            (c)(103), and subsection (c)(104)''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (C)(i) by adding at the end the
            following: ``The route referred to in subsection (c)(104) is
            designated as Interstate Route I-777.''.

    SEC. 1304. SAFETY COORDINATORS; DETERMINATION OF REASONABLE COST.

        (a) In General.--Section 217 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading by inserting
                    ``Safety'' before ``Coordinators''; and
                        (B) by striking ``the increased use'' and all that
                    follows through ``transportation, including'' and
                    inserting ``nonmotorized transportation safety,
                    including by''; and
                (2) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) by striking ``can be provided'' and inserting
                    ``was not included in the original project scope and
                    can be provided''; and
                        (B) by striking ``then such bridge shall'' and
                    inserting ``then the Secretary may require such
                    bridge''.
        (b) Repeal.--Section 11529 of the Infrastructure Investment and
    Jobs Act (23 U.S.C. 217 note), and the item relating to such provision
    in the table of contents under section 1(b) of such Act, are repealed.

    SEC. 1305. UPDATES TO MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES.

        In updating the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices under
    section 109(d)(2) of title 23, United States Code, for the first time
    after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall include
    updates necessary to--
                (1) establish a standard for the minimum level of required
            retroreflectivity of traffic control devices and pavement
            markings, ensuring the standard requires that traffic control
            devices and pavement markings meet the minimum level of
            required retroreflectivity in wet conditions; and
                (2) standardize bordered and lag contrast pavement markings
            on light-colored pavements and bridges.

    SEC. 1306. DESIGN STANDARDS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration
    shall develop a list of categorical design exceptions from standards
    developed under section 109(c) of title 23, United States Code, for
    categories of multimodal projects and features on Federal-aid highways.
        (b) Inclusions.--The list developed under subsection (a) shall
    include categories of multimodal projects and features that--
                (1) are recommended by the Federal Highway Administration,
            including Proven Safety Countermeasures;
                (2) improve safety for vulnerable road users; and
                (3) are currently subject to the design exception process.

    SEC. 1307. MODERNIZING ROADSIDE SAFETY HARDWARE DEVICES AND
                  ADMINISTRATION POLICIES.

        (a) Modernizing Roadside Safety Hardware Policies.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary may not issue a Federal-aid
            reimbursement eligibility letter under the Federal-aid highway
            program to a person or entity for a new roadside safety
            hardware device that does not meet the applicable crash test
            criteria set forth in the most recent version of the manual of
            the American Association of State Highway and Transportation
            Officials titled ``Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second
            Edition'' (referred to in this section as ``MASH'') or any
            successor industry standard.
                (2) Termination of prohibition.--Paragraph (1) shall cease
            to apply on the date that the final rule associated with the
            rulemaking described in subsection (b)(5)(B) is effective.
                (3) Supplemental materials.--In addition to materials
            specified by the Secretary, beginning on the date of enactment
            of this Act, a requestor for a letter described in paragraph
            (1) shall certify, in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary,
            that all installation manuals or instructions relating to a
            roadside safety hardware device are up-to-date and publicly
            available and utilize plain writing (as such term is defined in
            section 3 of the Plain Writing Act of 2010 (5 U.S.C. 301 note))
            for use by individuals in States and territories.
        (b) Transportation Rulemaking Committee.--
                (1) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a
            transportation rulemaking committee, pursuant to section 102(k)
            of title 49, United States Code, to review and develop findings
            and recommendations to increase the safety and performance of
            roadside safety hardware devices.
                (2) Membership.--The transportation rulemaking committee
            convened under paragraph (1) shall consist of members appointed
            by the Secretary, including--
                        (A) representatives of an association representing
                    State highway officials;
                        (B) representatives of the traffic safety industry,
                    including manufacturers of roadside safety hardware
                    devices and roadside safety hardware technologies;
                        (C) representatives from up to 4 State highway
                    safety offices from different geographic regions;
                        (D) representatives of roadway safety advocacy
                    organizations;
                        (E) representatives of relevant research
                    organizations or academia;
                        (F) representatives of labor organizations
                    representing roadway construction workers;
                        (G) representatives of transportation construction
                    associations; and
                        (H) other representatives, as determined
                    appropriate by the Secretary.
                (3) Considerations.--The transportation rulemaking
            committee convened under paragraph (1) shall consider, at a
            minimum, the following:
                        (A) The extent to which roadside safety hardware
                    devices on the National Highway System utilize MASH
                    crash test standards, including such devices procured
                    and installed with Federal and non-Federal funds.
                        (B) The extent to which plain writing (as such term
                    is defined in section 3 of the Plain Writing Act of
                    2010 (5 U.S.C. 301 note)) is utilized in installation
                    manuals or instructions associated with a roadside
                    safety hardware device for use by individuals
                    responsible for installing such devices.
                        (C) Potential changes to administrative guidance
                    documents and policies as such changes relate to
                    roadside safety hardware devices to improve Federal
                    agency oversight of such devices and communication with
                    State departments of transportation, including
                    examining how data is collected following in service
                    performance evaluations.
                        (D) Whether the Federal Highway Administration
                    should require third-party verification of laboratory
                    testing of roadside safety hardware devices to
                    determine crashworthiness.
                        (E) Whether the most up-to-date MASH crash test
                    standards for roadside safety hardware devices
                    effectively mitigate roadway vehicle departure for a
                    modern vehicle fleet and roadway conditions and ensure
                    vehicle occupant protection in the event of a crash.
                (4) Random sampling.--In carrying out subparagraphs (A) and
            (B) of paragraph (3), the rulemaking committee may evaluate a
            random sampling of roadside safety hardware devices, including
            such devices procured and installed with Federal and non-
            Federal funds, from across all regions.
                (5) Report and regulations.--
                        (A) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    transportation rulemaking committee under paragraph (1)
                    convenes, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee
                    on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
                    and Transportation of the Senate a report based on the
                    findings of the transportation rulemaking committee.
                        (B) Rulemaking required.--Not later than 1 year
                    after the Secretary submits the report under
                    subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall issue an advanced
                    notice of proposed rulemaking establishing regulations
                    to require the installation of roadside safety hardware
                    devices on the National Highway System that are
                    compliant with the most up-to-date crashworthiness
                    standards, among other requirements.
                        (C) Contents of rulemaking.--In issuing the notice
                    of proposed rulemaking required under subparagraph (B),
                    the Secretary--
                                (i) shall require, at a minimum--
                                        (I) roadside safety hardware
                                    devices to be compliant with the most
                                    up-to-date crashworthiness standards,
                                    as determined by the Secretary;
                                        (II) the adoption of laboratory
                                    testing of roadside safety hardware
                                    devices to determine crashworthiness
                                    and safety performance;
                                        (III) the adoption of in-service
                                    maintenance standards for such devices;
                                    and
                                        (IV) the adoption of a standardized
                                    means of collection of performance data
                                    resulting from in-service performance
                                    evaluations of such devices; and
                                (ii) may incorporate by reference 1 or more
                            requirement under clause (i).
        (c) Eligibility Letters.--The Secretary, upon issuance of the final
    rule associated with the rulemaking described in subsection (b)(5)(B),
    may not issue a Federal-aid reimbursement eligibility letter under the
    Federal-aid highway program to a person or entity for a roadside safety
    hardware device.
        (d) Roadside Safety Hardware Device Defined.--In this section, the
    term ``roadside safety hardware device'' means a device that reduces
    the consequences of a vehicle departure from the roadway by containing,
    redirecting, or decelerating such vehicle to a safe stop, including
    guardrails, cable barriers, bridge barriers, crash cushions, support
    structures, and work zone devices.

    SEC. 1308. AUDIT OF FHWA OVERSIGHT OF ROADSIDE SAFETY HARDWARE DEVICES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the inspector general of the Department shall initiate an
    audit of the Federal Highway Administration's oversight of roadside
    safety hardware devices, including crash testing of such devices,
    oversight of in-service performance evaluations of such devices
    conducted by State departments of transportation, and other oversight
    related activities carried out by the agency in relation to such
    devices.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the audit described in subsection (a),
    the inspector general shall, at a minimum--
                (1) assess the Federal Highway Administration's oversight
            of--
                        (A) the standards and design specifications of a
                    State or territory for roadside safety hardware
                    devices, including the written policies of the State or
                    territory relating to the installation of crash-tested
                    roadside hardware safety devices, if applicable;
                        (B) the roadside safety hardware device crash-
                    testing and safety performance process, including how
                    such devices perform in actual conditions through in-
                    service performance evaluations; and
                        (C) the progress of a State or territory in
                    transitioning to roadside safety hardware devices that
                    comply with crash testing standards set forth in the
                    most recent version of the manual of the American
                    Association of State Highway and Transportation
                    Officials titled ``Manual for Assessing Safety
                    Hardware, Second Edition''; and
                (2) make recommendations, if applicable, for additional
            actions the Federal Highway Administration shall take to
            improve oversight processes relating to roadside safety
            hardware devices.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of initiation of
    the audit described in subsection (a), the inspector general shall
    submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
    House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public
    Works of the Senate a report on the results of such audit, including
    findings and recommendations to improve the oversight of roadside
    hardware safety devices.

    SEC. 1309. INTERAGENCY BRIDGE STRIKE WORKING GROUP.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall establish an interagency bridge strike
    working group--
                (1) to coordinate between the Department and other
            agencies;
                (2) to provide guidance and assistance to bridge owners on
            evaluating and reducing the risk of bridge collapse from a
            vessel collision; and
                (3) to provide guidance to bridge owners on motorist
            warning systems.
        (b) Membership.--The interagency working group established under
    subsection (a) shall consist of representatives from--
                (1) the Federal Highway Administration;
                (2) the Coast Guard;
                (3) the Army Corps of Engineers; and
                (4) any other entities determined appropriate by the
            Secretary.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the interagency working group established under subsection
    (a) shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
    of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and
    Public Works and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
    of the Senate a report that includes--
                (1) an analysis of current bridge vulnerabilities that risk
            leading to a bridge collapse from a vessel collision;
                (2) recommendations for bridge owners to evaluate and
            reduce the risk of bridge collapse from a vessel collision;
                (3) recommendations on any policy changes necessary to
            prevent the risk of bridge collapses due to vessel strikes; and
                (4) any other information the working group determines
            appropriate.
        (d) Termination of Working Group.--The interagency working group
    established under subsection (a) shall terminate on the date that is 3
    months after the date of submission of the report required under
    subsection (c).

    SEC. 1310. BRIDGE CLEARANCE BEST PRACTICES.

        (a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a bridge
    clearance strike working group to make recommendations on ways to
    improve public-private data sharing regarding bridge clearance height
    and the routing of commercial motor vehicles and rental vehicles.
        (b) Membership.--The working group established under subsection (a)
    shall include representatives from--
                (1) the Federal Highway Administration;
                (2) the Federal Railroad Administration;
                (3) the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration;
                (4) State departments of transportation;
                (5) trucking organizations;
                (6) producers of GPS navigation systems;
                (7) law enforcement agencies;
                (8) companies that rent or lease rental vehicles directly
            to consumers; and
                (9) Class I, II, and III railroad carriers.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
    establishment of the interagency working group under subsection (a),
    the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Environment and Public Works and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation of the Senate a report that includes--
                (1) recommendations to--
                        (A) improve the availability of information and
                    route signs specific to commercial motor vehicles or
                    rental vehicles on GPS navigation systems;
                        (B) improve driver knowledge and awareness about
                    bridge clearance strikes;
                        (C) encourage companies that rent out rental
                    vehicles to clearly label such vehicles with height and
                    weight restriction information; and
                        (D) include ways for companies that rent or lease
                    vehicles to provide notice to individuals who rent or
                    lease such a vehicle, whether orally or written, of
                    vehicle height and warn such individuals to look out
                    for road signs about vehicle height; and
                (2) any other recommendations by the working group to
            address bridge clearance strikes.

    SEC. 1311. U.S. CONGRESSMAN AND PRISONER OF WAR SAM JOHNSON MEMORIAL
                  HIGHWAY.

        (a) Designation.--The portion of United States Highway 75 between
    President George Bush Turnpike and United States Highway 380 previously
    designated as ``Sam Johnson Highway'' shall, after the date of
    enactment of this Act, be known and redesignated as the ``U.S.
    Congressman and Prisoner of War Sam Johnson Memorial Highway''.
        (b) Reference.--Any reference in any law, regulation, map,
    document, paper, or other record of the United States to the portion of
    highway referred to in subsection (a) shall be considered to be a
    reference to the U.S. Congressman and Prisoner of War Sam Johnson
    Memorial Highway.

    SEC. 1312. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR CONTRACTING.

        The Secretary may provide technical assistance to, and develop
    guidance and best practices for, State departments of transportation
    regarding the use of the lump sum payment method in the procurement and
    administration of engineering and design services for transportation
    projects funded using Federal grants, including the potential benefits
    and risks associated with such payment method.

    SEC. 1313. PREVENTING ANTICOMPETITIVE BIDDING PRACTICES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall issue guidance to State departments of
    transportation on proactively preventing anticompetitive bidding
    practices on Federal-aid highway projects.
        (b) Contents.--In issuing guidance under subsection (a), the
    Secretary shall--
                (1) advise States on how to conduct frequent, regular, and
            systematic reviews and audits of procurements made over
            multiple years using specific statistics to identify
            anticompetitive bidding patterns; and
                (2) encourage, to the maximum extent practicable, reduced
            reliance on historical data when developing engineer's
            estimates.
        (c) Transportation Rulemaking Committee.--
                (1) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a
            transportation rulemaking committee to provide recommendations
            to revise Federal regulations to prevent and protect against
            anticompetitive practices in bidding on Federal-aid highway
            projects.
                (2) Membership.--The transportation rulemaking committee
            convened under paragraph (1) shall consist of members appointed
            by the Secretary, including representatives of--
                        (A) State departments of transportation;
                        (B) engineering associations;
                        (C) transportation construction associations;
                        (D) construction materials associations;
                        (E) labor organizations representing transportation
                    workers;
                        (F) technology associations providing construction
                    management software;
                        (G) an association representing businesses that
                    participate in the program described in section
                    1101(e); and
                        (H) other stakeholders the Secretary determines
                    appropriate.
                (3) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date on
            which the transportation rulemaking committee is established
            under paragraph (1), the transportation rulemaking committee
            shall submit to the Secretary a report detailing the findings
            and recommendations developed under paragraph (1) on how to
            revise the regulations under sections 635.111, 635.112(f),
            635.113, 635.114, and 635.115 of title 23, Code of Federal
            Regulations, or other related regulations, considering the
            following:
                        (A) Methods to reduce or eliminate reliance on
                    historical data as the sole basis of engineer's
                    estimates when developing such estimates.
                        (B) Best practices for States to routinely review
                    and audit procurements to identify anticompetitive
                    bidding patterns.
                        (C) Techniques for States to address potential
                    instances of anticompetitive bidding on Federal-aid
                    highway projects.
                        (D) Costs associated with potential anticompetitive
                    bidding patterns.
                (4) Recommendations.--Not later than 9 months after the
            date on which the transportation rulemaking committee submits
            the report under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall submit to
            the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
            of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public
            Works of the Senate--
                        (A) a summary of the findings and recommendations
                    described in such report; and
                        (B) for each such recommendation--
                                (i) the Secretary intends to implement, a
                            description for the implementation plan of the
                            Secretary and a timeline for implementation;
                            and
                                (ii) the Secretary does not plan to
                            implement, an explanation as to why the
                            Secretary does not intend to implement such
                            recommendation.
                (5) Notice of proposed rulemaking.--The Secretary shall
            issue a notice of proposed rulemaking for any regulatory
            changes recommended by the transportation rulemaking committee
            that the Secretary intends to implement.

    SEC. 1314. STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF DISCRETIONARY GRANT PROGRAMS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall initiate a study
    on the effectiveness of highway-related discretionary grant programs
    administered by the Department.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall review--
                (1) the criteria used by the Department to evaluate and
            select projects for funding, including--
                        (A) the alignment of funding decisions with
                    statutory program objectives; and
                        (B) the transparency and consistency of the
                    application review and award process;
                (2) trends in funding allocation across project types,
            geographic regions, and jurisdictions, including a comparison
            of various Department funding sources;
                (3) the average timeline from application submission to
            award notification and obligation of funds, including--
                        (A) the prevalence and source of cost overruns,
                    schedule delays, and project scope changes or
                    cancellations, and the contributing factors; and
                        (B) effective practices that led to successful
                    project completion within budget and on schedule;
                (4) the outcome of projects completed using discretionary
            funding compared to formula funding; and
                (5) the frequency with which grant recipients at the local
            government level attempted to seek funding for a project with
            alternative funding sources, including Federal formula funds,
            before receiving a grant.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consult with relevant
    stakeholders, including--
                (1) State departments of transportation;
                (2) transit agencies;
                (3) metropolitan planning organizations;
                (4) local governments, including at least 1 representative
            each from a city, town, and county;
                (5) Tribal governments;
                (6) a representative from a labor organization representing
            transportation construction workers;
                (7) representatives of the construction industry, including
            representatives with experience constructing highway
            infrastructure systems and public transportation infrastructure
            systems;
                (8) representatives from the design and engineering
            industry; and
                (9) relevant Federal agencies and any other stakeholders
            the Comptroller General determines to be appropriate.
        (d) Report.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to
            the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
            of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public
            Works of the Senate a report on the results of the study
            conducted under subsection (a).
                (2) Recommendations.--The Comptroller General shall include
            in the report submitted under paragraph (1) recommendations
            associated with the results of the study, including
            recommendations to--
                        (A) enhance project selection criteria to achieve
                    grant program objectives;
                        (B) minimize cost overruns and delays in project
                    delivery;
                        (C) better align discretionary grant program
                    criteria with statutory program requirements and
                    objectives; and
                        (D) improve the efficiency and administration of
                    the discretionary grant programs of the Department.

    SEC. 1315. STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF FORMULA GRANT PROGRAMS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall initiate a study on the
    effectiveness of highway formula grant programs administered by State
    departments of transportation.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall review--
                (1) the criteria used by State departments of
            transportation to evaluate and select projects to receive
            highway formula funding, including--
                        (A) the alignment of funding decisions with the
                    national goals under section 150(b) of title 23, United
                    States Code; and
                        (B) procedures used by different State departments
                    of transportation to provide formula grants to regional
                    or local governments within the State, when
                    appropriate; and
                (2) the extent to which highway formula funding increases
            have or have not led to the attainment of the goals under
            section 150(b) of title 23, United States Code.
        (c) Report.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to
            the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
            of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public
            Works of the Senate a report on the results of the study
            conducted under subsection (a).
                (2) Recommendations.--The Comptroller General shall include
            in the report submitted under paragraph (1) recommendations
            associated with the results of the study.

    SEC. 1316. NATIONAL ACADEMIES REVIEW OF HIGHWAY SYSTEMS.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall seek to enter into an agreement with the
    Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Science to
    conduct a comprehensive study to review the necessity of, interaction
    of, and coordination between various Federal Highway Administration
    recognized highway networks and systems, including--
                (1) the National Highway System;
                (2) the Interstate System;
                (3) the strategic highway network;
                (4) the National Network;
                (5) the National Highway Freight Network;
                (6) the primary highway freight system;
                (7) critical urban freight corridors;
                (8) critical rural freight corridors;
                (9) intermodal connectors;
                (10) alternative fuel corridors;
                (11) the Appalachian Development Highway System;
                (12) the Alaska Marine Highway System;
                (13) the Denali access system;
                (14) Marine highway transportation routes;
                (15) high priority corridors;
                (16) designated future parts of the Interstate System; and
                (17) any other highway systems the Transportation Research
            Board determines to be relevant.
        (b) Consultation.--In conducting the study under subsection (a),
    the Transportation Research Board shall consult with--
                (1) the Federal Highway Administration;
                (2) the Maritime Administration;
                (3) the Office of Multimodal Freight Infrastructure and
            Policy;
                (4) State departments of transportation; and
                (5) any other entities the Transportation Research Board
            determines to be relevant.
        (c) Contents.--In conducting the study under subsection (a), the
    Transportation Research Board shall consider, at a minimum, the
    following:
                (1) The overlap of the various highway networks and
            systems, including which systems are encompassed on larger or
            multiple networks.
                (2) Departmental funding availability for each highway
            network and system.
                (3) The role of State and local governments in designating
            a public road to a highway network and system.
                (4) The Federal rationale for each highway network and
            system.
        (d) Report.--If the Transportation Research Board enters into an
    agreement under subsection (a), not later than 18 months after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Transportation Research Board shall
    submit to the Secretary, the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on
    Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report describing the
    results of the study conducted pursuant to such subsection.

    SEC. 1317. REVIEW OF STATE AND LOCAL CONSULTATION PROCESSES.

        (a) In General.--The Comptroller General shall conduct a review of
    the surface transportation block grant program under section 133 of
    title 23, United States Code (referred to in this section as the
    ``Program'').
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the review required under subsection
    (a), the Comptroller General shall evaluate--
                (1) the process by which the Federal Highway Administration
            notifies States and metropolitan planning organizations of
            amounts apportioned to States to be obligated in areas based on
            population;
                (2) amounts apportioned to States required to be obligated
            in areas based on population, including unobligated balances of
            the amounts and factors that may be contributing to such
            balances;
                (3) consultation processes established by States to consult
            with metropolitan planning organizations and regional
            transportation planning organizations for amounts required to
            be obligated in such areas based on population; and
                (4) State selection processes for projects funded by
            amounts required to be obligated in areas based on population.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report
    that describes--
                (1) the findings of the review required under subsection
            (a); and
                (2) any recommendations to improve consultation processes
            and communication between States, metropolitan planning
            organizations, and regional transportation planning
            organizations under the Program to address State and local
            infrastructure needs.

    SEC. 1318. EMERGENCY RELIEF WORKING GROUP.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall convene a working group to
    provide recommendations for supporting emergency relief efforts
    following natural disasters and assessing vulnerabilities in surface
    transportation assets.
        (b) Membership.--The working group shall be composed of
    representatives from--
                (1) the Federal Highway Administration;
                (2) the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration;
                (3) the Federal Transit Administration;
                (4) the Federal Emergency Management Agency;
                (5) State departments of transportation;
                (6) transit agencies; and
                (7) any other stakeholders that the Secretary determines
            appropriate.
        (c) Duties.--The working group convened under this section shall
    analyze and make recommendations, as appropriate, regarding--
                (1) the ability of a State or transit agency to assess
            vulnerabilities of surface transportation assets in response to
            natural disasters and severe weather events;
                (2) best practices for a State or transit agency to
            facilitate projects to mitigate the risk of recurring damage or
            the cost of future repair from extreme weather, flooding, and
            other natural disasters;
                (3) opportunities to expedite the timeline for eligible
            activities under section 125 of title 23, United States Code,
            or section 5324 of title 49, United States Code;
                (4) opportunities within and potential revisions to section
            390.23 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to increase
            flexibility for commercial motor vehicle operators assisting in
            emergency relief efforts that achieve safety levels equivalent
            to or greater than existing Federal motor carrier safety
            regulations; and
                (5) opportunities for coordination between the Department
            and the Federal Emergency Management Agency to provide
            emergency relief following natural disasters.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the
    working group is established under this section, the working group
    shall submit to the Secretary a report that includes a summary of the
    findings and recommendations developed under subsection (c).
        (e) Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the date on
    which the Secretary receives the report under subsection (d), the
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Environment and Public Works and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation of the Senate--
                (1) a summary of the findings and recommendations under the
            report; and
                (2) for each recommendation--
                        (A) the Secretary intends to implement, a
                    description of the plan and timeline for
                    implementation; and
                        (B) the Secretary does not intend to implement, an
                    explanation as to why the Secretary does not intend to
                    implement such recommendation.
        (f) Termination.--The working group shall terminate on the date
    that is 180 days after the date on which the Secretary receives the
    report required under subsection (d).

    SEC. 1319. STOPPING THREATS ON PEDESTRIANS.

        Section 11502(f) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (23
    U.S.C. 148 note) is amended by striking ``fiscal years 2022 through
    2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 1320. ELIMINATING UNNECESSARY REPORTING AND REQUIREMENTS.

        (a) State Flexibility for National Highway System Modifications.--
    Section 1122(d) of FAST Act (23 U.S.C. 103 note), and the item relating
    to such section in the table of contents in section 1(b) of such Act,
    are repealed.
        (b) Roadside Barrier Technology.--Section 1058 of the Intermodal
    Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (23 U.S.C. 109 note) is
    repealed.

    SEC. 1321. CONTRACTING FOR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN SERVICES.

        (a) In General.--Section 112(b)(2)(F) of title 23, United States
    Code, is amended by striking ``the States of West Virginia or
    Minnesota'' and inserting ``the State of West Virginia''.
        (b) Applicability.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall
    apply to contracts entered into after the date of enactment of this
    Act.

    SEC. 1322. ADVANCING PROJECTS IN COLD WEATHER STATES.

        (a) Review.--The Secretary shall review policies and procedures of
    the Federal Highway Administration relating to the Federal-aid highway
    program to ensure that such policies and procedures sufficiently
    prioritize reviews of construction projects in States in which
    construction season may be limited by cold weather.
        (b) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary shall provide technical
    assistance and best practices to State departments of transportation
    for advancing Federal-aid projects in States in which construction may
    be limited by cold weather.

    SEC. 1323. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON ROADWAY MANAGEMENT IN INCLEMENT
                  WEATHER.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish an interagency
    working group with other appropriate Federal agencies to develop best
    practices for roadway management in inclement weather.
        (b) Submission to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the date
    on which the best practices required under subsection (a) are
    established, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate such best
    practices.
        (c) Sunset.--The interagency working group established under
    subsection (a) shall terminate on the date that is 30 days after the
    date on which the best practices required under subsection (b) are
    submitted to Congress.

    SEC. 1324. TERMINATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD ACCESS AND EQUITY GRANT PROGRAM.

        Section 177 of title 23, United States Code, and the item relating
    to such section in the analysis for chapter 1 of such title, are
    repealed.

    SEC. 1325. TASK FORCE ON DEVELOPING A 21ST CENTURY SURFACE
                  TRANSPORTATION WORKFORCE.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall establish a task force on developing a
    21st century surface transportation workforce (in this section referred
    to as the ``Task Force'').
        (b) Duties.--Not later than 1 year after the establishment of the
    Task Force under subsection (a), the Task Force shall develop and
    submit to the Secretary recommendations and strategies for the
    Department to--
                (1) evaluate the current and future state of the surface
            transportation workforce, including projected job needs in the
            surface transportation sector;
                (2) identify factors influencing individuals pursuing
            careers in surface transportation, including barriers to
            attracting individuals in surface transportation careers;
                (3) address barriers to retaining individuals in surface
            transportation careers;
                (4) identify and address potential impacts of emerging
            technologies on the surface transportation workforce;
                (5) facilitate and encourage elementary, secondary, and
            post-secondary students in the United States to pursue careers
            in the surface transportation sector; and
                (6) identify and develop pathways for students and
            individuals to secure pre-apprenticeships, registered
            apprenticeships, and other work-based learning opportunities in
            the surface transportation sector of the United States.
        (c) Considerations.--In developing recommendations and strategies
    under subsection (b), the Task Force shall--
                (1) identify factors that influence whether young people
            pursue careers in surface transportation;
                (2) consider how the Department, businesses, industry,
            labor, educators, and other stakeholders can coordinate efforts
            to support qualified individuals in pursuing careers in the
            surface transportation sector;
                (3) identify methods of enhancing surface transportation
            pre-apprenticeships and registered apprenticeships, job skills
            training, mentorship, education, and outreach programs that are
            exclusive to youth in the United States;
                (4) identify potential sources of funding, including grants
            and scholarships, that may be used to support youth and other
            qualified individuals in pursuing careers in the surface
            transportation sector; and
                (5) consider opportunities to update programs administered
            by the Department to support the transportation workforce.
        (d) Consultation.--In developing the recommendations and strategies
    required under subsection (b), the Task Force may consult with--
                (1) local educational agencies and institutions of higher
            education, including community colleges and vocational schools;
            and
                (2) State workforce development boards.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the submission of the
    recommendations and strategies under subsection (b), the Secretary
    shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
    the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and
    Public Works of the Senate a report containing such recommendations and
    strategies.
        (f) Composition of Task Force.--The Secretary shall appoint members
    of the Task Force whose diverse backgrounds and expertise allow such
    members to contribute balanced points of view and ideas in carrying out
    this section, comprised of equal representation from each of the
    following:
                (1) Industries in the surface transportation sector.
                (2) Representatives from labor organizations representing
            surface transportation workers.
                (3) Such other surface transportation stakeholders and
            experts as the Secretary considers appropriate.
        (g) Period of Appointment.--Members shall be appointed to the Task
    Force for the duration of the existence of the Task Force.
        (h) Compensation.--Members of the Task Force shall serve without
    compensation.
        (i) Sunset.--The Task Force shall terminate upon the submission of
    the report required under subsection (e).
        (j) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Pre-apprenticeship.--The term ``pre-apprenticeship''
            means a training model or program that prepares individuals for
            acceptance into a registered apprenticeship and has
            demonstrated partnership with 1 or more registered
            apprenticeships.
                (2) Registered apprenticeship.--The term ``registered
            apprenticeship'' means an apprenticeship program registered
            under the Act of August 16, 1937 (29 U.S. 50 et seq.; commonly
            known as the ``National Apprenticeship Act''), that satisfies
            the requirements of parts 29 and 30 of title 29, Code of
            Federal Regulations (as in effect on January 1, 2020).

    SEC. 1326. STUDY ON NATIONAL COMMUTING TRENDS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall seek to enter into an
    agreement with the Transportation Research Board of the National
    Academy of Science to conduct a study on national trends related to
    commuting.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the study under subsection (a), the
    Transportation Research Board shall--
                (1) conduct research on national commuting trends,
            including telework and hybrid-work arrangements;
                (2) evaluate the impact of such trends on transportation
            demand, congestion, air quality, economic vitality of business
            districts, and commuter quality of life; and
                (3) develop best practices or planning guidance to help
            State departments of transportation and metropolitan planning
            organizations incorporate such trends into transportation
            planning and travel demand modeling.
        (c) Report.--If the Transportation Research Board enters into an
    agreement under subsection (a), not later than 18 months after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Transportation Research Board shall
    submit to the Secretary, the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on
    Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report containing the
    results of the study under subsection (a), including--
                (1) the findings of the research conducted under subsection
            (b)(1);
                (2) an analysis of the impacts on commuting trends
            evaluated under subsection (b)(2); and
                (3) recommendations for State departments of transportation
            and metropolitan planning organizations, including the best
            practices and planning guidance developed under subsection
            (b)(3).

    SEC. 1327. NOTIFICATION ON REGRESSIVE SAFETY TARGETS.

        When a State sets a regressive performance target under section
    150(c)(4) of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary shall--
                (1) notify the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
            Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate; and
                (2) make a list of States that set such a target publicly
            available on the website of the Department.

    SEC. 1328. STUDY ON DOMESTIC AVAILABILITY OF YELLOW PAINT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall study the feasibility of
    requiring yellow paint (including the pigment used to produce water-
    based paint) for road and highway surface markings to be manufactured
    domestically.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study under subsection (a),
    the Secretary shall consider--
                (1) the domestic availability of yellow paint described in
            such subsection;
                (2) the domestic manufacturing capacity to produce the
            amount of yellow paint necessary to meet the needs of States
            and local governments;
                (3) the number of domestic manufacturers producing such
            yellow paint;
                (4) the current share of yellow paint produced by domestic
            manufacturers to meet road and highway surface marking needs;
                (5) the costs associated with requiring the domestic
            manufacturing of such yellow paint; and
                (6) the amount of yellow paint necessary to maintain all
            road and highway surface markings in the United States.
        (c) Report.--The Secretary shall report to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate on the
    findings of the study required under subsection (a).
        (d) Authority.--Following the study under subsection (a), if the
    Secretary determines that there is sufficient domestic manufacturing
    capacity of yellow paint to address the needs of all road and highway
    surface markings in the United States, the Secretary shall recommend to
    the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to update relevant
    Buy America guidance, including the implementation guidance of the Made
    in America Office, to reflect such determination.

    SEC. 1329. STUDY ON CORROSION PREVENTION FOR BRIDGES.

        Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary shall--
                (1) carry out a study on best practices for--
                        (A) the frequency and method of inspecting
                    corrosion on weathering steel bridges; and
                        (B) addressing corrosion on weathering steel
                    bridges;
                (2) submit to the Committee on Transportation and
            Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and Committee on
            Environment and Public Works a report on the results of the
            study under paragraph (1); and
                (3) make the report under paragraph (2) available to State
            departments of transportation, metropolitan planning
            organizations (as such term is defined in section 134(b) of
            title 23, United States Code), regional transportation planning
            organizations (as such term is defined in section 134(b) of
            title 23, United States Code), and units of local government
            that own bridge assets.

    SEC. 1330. FUNDING FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS GUIDANCE.

        Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary shall revise, update, and make publicly available the
    Federal Highway Administration publication titled ``Funding Federal-aid
    Highways'', issued January 2017 (Publication Number FHWA-PL-17-011) to
    account for--
                (1) changes in law since the publication date of such
            publication; and
                (2) the provisions of this Act, including any amendments
            made by this Act.

         TITLE II--TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE AND INNOVATION

    SEC. 2001. INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE.

        (a) Definitions.--
                (1) In general.--Section 601(a) of title 23, United States
            Code, is amended--
                        (A) in paragraph (12)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (E)--
                                        (I) in the matter preceding clause
                                    (i) by striking ``infrastructure'' and
                                    inserting ``infrastructure that is'';
                                        (II) by striking clause (ii); and
                                        (III) in clause (i)--
                                                (aa) by striking ``that--
                                        ``(I) is'';
                                                (bb) in subclause (II)--

                                                        (AA) by striking
                                                    ``is a project'' and
                                                    inserting ``a
                                                    project''; and

                                                        (BB) in item (dd)
                                                    by striking ``and'' and
                                                    the end; and

                                                (cc) by redesignating
                                            subclause (II) as clause (ii)
                                            (and redesignating items (aa)
                                            through (dd) of such subclause
                                            as subclauses (I) through (IV),
                                            respectively);
                                (ii) in subparagraph (G) by striking ``for
                            which'' and all that follows through ``for
                            assistance''; and
                                (iii) by striking subparagraph (H) and
                            inserting the following:
                        ``(H) purchasing or leasing of drayage trucks.'';
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (14) through (22)
                    as paragraphs (16) through (24), respectively;
                        (C) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (13) as
                    paragraphs (3) through (14), respectively;
                        (D) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Drayage truck.--The term `drayage truck' means any
            in-use on-road vehicle that--
                        ``(A) has a gross vehicle weight rating greater
                    than 26,000 pounds;
                        ``(B) is used for transporting cargo; and
                        ``(C) operates on, moves through, or operates in
                    transit to or from, a seaport or an intermodal freight
                    transfer facility to load, unload, or transport cargo,
                    including empty containers or chassis.''; and
                        (E) by inserting after paragraph (14), as so
                    redesignated, the following:
                ``(15) Qualified financial institution.--The term
            `qualified financial institution' means--
                        ``(A) an insured depository institution as defined
                    in section 3(c)(2) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act
                    (12 U.S.C. 1813(c)(2));
                        ``(B) an insured credit union as defined in section
                    101 of the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1752);
                    and
                        ``(C) any other financial institution that--
                                ``(i) is regulated or supervised by--
                                        ``(I) the Board of Governors of the
                                    Federal Reserve System;
                                        ``(II) the Securities and Exchange
                                    Commission;
                                        ``(III) the Federal Housing Finance
                                    Agency;
                                        ``(IV) the Farm Credit
                                    Administration; or
                                        ``(V) any other Federal financial
                                    regulatory agency;
                                ``(ii) is regularly engaged in the business
                            of extending credit or making credit
                            determinations; and
                                ``(iii) the Secretary determines has
                            demonstrated experience in the underwriting or
                            provision of credit.''.
                (2) Conforming amendments.--
                        (A) Determination of eligibility and project
                    selection.--Section 602 of title 23, United States
                    Code, is amended--
                                (i) in subsection (a)(5)(B)(ii) by striking
                            ``section 601(a)(12)(E)'' and inserting
                            ``section 601(a)(13)(E)''; and
                                (ii) in subsection (e) by striking
                            ``section 601(a)(2)(A)'' and inserting
                            ``section 601(a)(3)(A)''.
                        (B) Funding.--Section 608(a)(4) of title 23, United
                    States Code, is amended by striking ``section
                    601(a)(12)(E)'' and inserting ``section 601(a)(13)(E)''
                    each place it appears.
        (b) Determination of Eligibility and Project Selection.--Section
    602 of title 23, United States Code, is further amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2) by adding at the end the
                    following:
                        ``(C) Alternative credit assessment.--The Secretary
                    shall accept a due diligence analysis and underwriting
                    analysis prepared by a qualified financial institution
                    providing debt for a project as evidence of
                    creditworthiness of the project supplemental to the
                    applicable creditworthiness standards described in
                    subparagraph (A).''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (5)(B)--
                                (i) in clause (i) by striking
                            ``$15,000,000'' and inserting ``$10,000,000'';
                            and
                                (ii) in clause (iii)--
                                        (I) by striking ``In the case'' and
                                    inserting ``(I) in general.--In the
                                    case'';
                                        (II) by striking ``$100,000,000''
                                    and inserting ``$150,000,000''; and
                                        (III) by adding at the end the
                                    following:
                                        ``(II) Annual adjustment for
                                    inflation.--Beginning in the first year
                                    after the date of enactment of this
                                    subclause, the Secretary shall adjust
                                    annually the $150,000,000 limit on
                                    eligible project costs in subclause (I)
                                    to reflect any increase in the Consumer
                                    Price Index for All Urban Consumers
                                    published by the Department of
                                    Labor.''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(B) by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``, subject to paragraph (2).'';
                    and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``No funding'' and
                            inserting ``(A) in general.--No funding''; and
                                (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Exemption.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii),
                            notwithstanding section 102(2)(C) of the
                            National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
                            U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)), a finding of no significant
                            impact, a record of decision, and any similar
                            analysis under the National Environmental
                            Policy Act of 1969 prepared for purposes of
                            complying with subparagraph (A) shall not
                            include an evaluation of the environmental
                            effects of the acquisition of real property by
                            a nonpublic entity for use in a project
                            described in section 601(a)(13)(E), for which
                            an application for credit assistance under the
                            TIFIA program has not been submitted as of the
                            date of such acquisition.
                                ``(ii) Public entity ownership.--Clause (i)
                            shall not apply with respect to any component
                            of a project described in clause (i) that is
                            located within the geographic boundaries of the
                            real property acquired and that will be owned,
                            in full or in part, by a public entity for a
                            majority of the term of a secured loan issued
                            for such project.
                        ``(C) Categorical exclusions.--The following
                    activities, if carried out on or after the date of
                    enactment of this subparagraph as a project (or part of
                    a project) described in section 601(a)(13)(E), are a
                    category of activities hereby designated as being
                    categorically excluded from the preparation of an
                    environmental assessment or an environmental impact
                    statement under the National Environmental Policy Act
                    of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.):
                                ``(i) Rehabilitation or conversion of an
                            existing office building to a residential or
                            mixed-use building occupying substantially the
                            same geographic footprint.
                                ``(ii) Construction or reconstruction of a
                            new commercial building--
                                        ``(I) consistent with existing land
                                    use and zoning requirements; and
                                        ``(II) on land disturbed for
                                    transportation use (as such phrase is
                                    used in section 771.118(c)(9) of title
                                    23, Code of Federal Regulations, or any
                                    successor regulations) or disturbed
                                    land adjacent to land disturbed for
                                    transportation use.''.
        (c) Secured Loans.--Section 603(a) of title 23, United States Code,
    is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Loan disbursement.--Upon request from the obligor,
            the Secretary may delay issuance of the secured loan funds
            until a date, to be specified by the obligor, during the 2-year
            period beginning on the date that the project is determined to
            be in substantial completion, so long as the obligor is
            compliant with the credit agreement on the date of issuance.''.
        (d) Program Administration.--Section 605(f)(1) of title 23, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``$2,000,000'' and inserting
    ``$3,000,000''.
        (e) Funding.--Section 608(a) of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (4)(B)--
                        (A) in clause (i) by striking ``under the Surface
                    Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021''; and
                        (B) in clause (ii)--
                                (i) by striking ``fiscal years 2022 through
                            2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027
                            through 2031''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``(as of October 1,
                            2021)'' and inserting ``(as of October 1,
                            2026)''; and
                (2) in paragraph (6) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
            2031''.
        (f) State Infrastructure Bank Program.--Section 610 of title 23,
    United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through 2031''
            each place it appears; and
                (2) in subsection (k) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
            2031''.

    SEC. 2002. EMERGENCY LOAN RELIEF DUE TO MAJOR DISASTER.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 6 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 612. Emergency loan relief due to major disaster
        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Cost; modification.--The terms `cost' and
            `modification' have the meanings given such terms,
            respectively, in section 502 of the Federal Credit Reform Act
            of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661a), and the term `modification' shall
            include an interest rate reset under this section.
                ``(2) Eligible borrower.--The term `eligible borrower'
            means a recipient of an eligible loan administered under the
            TIFIA program.
                ``(3) Eligible loan.--The term `eligible loan' means a loan
            issued under the TIFIA program.
                ``(4) Major disaster.--The term `major disaster' means a
            major disaster declared by the President pursuant to section
            401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
            Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170).
                ``(5) Obligor; tifia program.--The terms `obligor' and
            `TIFIA program' have the meanings given such terms,
            respectively, in section 601(a).
        ``(b) Emergency Interest Rate Reset.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 603(b)(4), if at
            any time after the date of execution of a credit agreement for
            an eligible loan entered into after the date of enactment of
            the BUILD America 250 Act, the eligible borrower of the
            eligible loan is unable, as a result of a major disaster, to
            generate sufficient revenues from all dedicated revenue sources
            such that the eligible borrower is unable to pay the scheduled
            repayments of principal and interest on the eligible loan--
                        ``(A) the eligible borrower may submit to the
                    Secretary a request, in such manner and containing such
                    information as the Secretary may require, to reset the
                    interest rate of the eligible loan; and
                        ``(B) the Secretary--
                                ``(i) shall determine whether the eligible
                            borrower meets criteria established under
                            subsection (d); and
                                ``(ii) if the eligible borrower meets such
                            criteria and provided that sufficient budget
                            authority is available to accommodate the cost
                            of the modification, may reset the interest
                            rate of the eligible loan (including through
                            amendment of the credit agreement for the
                            eligible loan) to a lower interest rate that is
                            not less than the yield on United States
                            Treasury securities of a similar maturity to
                            the maturity of the eligible loan on the date
                            of the reset, if lower than the existing
                            interest rate on the eligible loan.
                ``(2) Applicability.--A lower interest rate provided with
            respect to an eligible loan pursuant to paragraph (1)(B)(ii)
            may be for a period of time the Secretary determines
            appropriate, including through the final maturity date of the
            eligible loan.
        ``(c) Other Loan Modifications.--With respect to an eligible
    borrower described in paragraph (1) of subsection (b), the Secretary,
    in carrying out subparagraph (B) of such paragraph, may--
                ``(1) allow, for a maximum aggregate period of not more
            than 5 years, an obligor to add unpaid principal and interest
            to the outstanding balance of the loan, subject to the
            requirements under section 603(c)(3)(B), as applicable; and
                ``(2) notwithstanding section 603(a), extend any applicable
            disbursement period established under an agreement for credit
            assistance made pursuant to section 603, as applicable.
        ``(d) Criteria.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish criteria
            for an eligible borrower to be eligible to receive a lower
            interest rate or other loan modification under this section.
                ``(2) Factors for consideration.--In establishing criteria
            under paragraph (1), the Secretary--
                        ``(A) shall establish objective metrics to measure
                    whether an eligible borrower is unable to generate
                    sufficient revenues as a result of a major disaster;
                    and
                        ``(B) may take into consideration such factors as
                    the Secretary determines to be relevant, including
                    whether the lowering of an interest rate or the
                    modification of a loan under this section would achieve
                    any of--
                                ``(i) maintaining the operation of a
                            project carried out by an eligible borrower in
                            a disaster, emergency, or other extenuating
                            circumstance;
                                ``(ii) mitigating the financial impact on
                            an eligible borrower of a disaster, emergency,
                            or other extenuating circumstance; or
                                ``(iii) protecting the interests of the
                            Federal Government in critical
                            infrastructure.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 6 of title 23,
    United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``612. Emergency loan relief due to major disaster.''.

    SEC. 2003. PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY.

        Section 116 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsections (i) and (j) as subsections
            (j) and (k), respectively; and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (h) the following:
        ``(i) Personnel Management Authority.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may carry out a program of
            personnel management authority provided in paragraph (2) in
            order to facilitate the recruitment or retention of experts in
            finance and investment for the Bureau.
                ``(2) Salaries and relocation expenses.--Under the program
            under this subsection, the official responsible for the program
            may--
                        ``(A) without regard to any provision of title 5
                    governing the appointment of employees in the civil
                    service, in the case of the Bureau, appoint individuals
                    to a total of not more than 20 positions in the Bureau;
                        ``(B) notwithstanding any provision of title 5
                    governing the rates of pay or classification of
                    employees in the executive branch, prescribe the rates
                    of basic pay for positions to which employees are
                    appointed under subparagraph (A) at a rate to be
                    determined by the head of the organization concerned up
                    to 150 percent of the total annual compensation payable
                    to the Vice President under section 104 of title 3; and
                        ``(C) during any fiscal year, pay up to 5
                    individuals newly appointed pursuant to subparagraph
                    (A) the travel, transportation, and relocation expenses
                    and services described under sections 5724, 5724a, and
                    5724c of title 5.''.

    SEC. 2004. STUDY ON ESTABLISHMENT OF FEDERAL INFRASTRUCTURE BANK.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall seek to enter into an agreement with the
    National Academies to conduct a study on the establishment of a Federal
    Infrastructure Bank to facilitate investment in, and the long-term
    financing of, economically viable United States infrastructure projects
    that provide a public benefit, including best practices for
    implementing such bank.
        (b) Elements.--The study conducted pursuant to subsection (a)
    shall--
                (1) identify potential forms of credit assistance a Federal
            Infrastructure Bank could provide, including loans, loan
            guarantees, lines of credit, and equity investments;
                (2) examine how a Federal Infrastructure Bank could--
                        (A) increase State, local, and Tribal government
                    investment in infrastructure projects, including
                    transportation, water, and energy projects;
                        (B) reduce average financing timelines relative to
                    other Federal credit assistance programs; and
                        (C) increase the lending capacity of existing State
                    infrastructure banks;
                (3) analyze the opportunities a Federal Infrastructure Bank
            presents in--
                        (A) reducing barriers to the financing of
                    multimodal or multijurisdictional projects;
                        (B) attracting foreign investment from a country
                    other than a covered foreign country;
                        (C) financing nonrevenue infrastructure projects
                    and projects located in rural and economically
                    disadvantaged areas; and
                        (D) complementing but not duplicating existing
                    Federal credit assistance programs for infrastructure
                    projects;
                (4) examine how a national infrastructure bank that is
            substantially owned or controlled by the Federal Government
            would be subject to Federal budget laws and accounting rules
            and procedures; and
                (5) identify best practices of other infrastructure banks,
            including--
                        (A) national infrastructure banks or other
                    specialized development banks located in a country
                    other than a covered foreign country; and
                        (B) the California Infrastructure and Economic
                    Development Bank.
        (c) Consultation.--In preparing the study required under subsection
    (a), the National Academies shall consult with--
                (1) the Secretary and other heads of relevant Federal
            agencies;
                (2) State infrastructure banks; and
                (3) stakeholders with expertise in financial markets and
            infrastructure financing.
        (d) Report.--An agreement entered into under subsection (a) shall
    require that, not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the National Academies submit a report detailing the findings
    of the study required under subsection (a) to--
                (1) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
            the House of Representatives;
                (2) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of
            Representatives;
                (3) the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the
            Senate;
                (4) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
            of the Senate; and
                (5) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban
            Development of the Senate.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
                        (A) a State;
                        (B) any other governmental entity, including a
                    political subdivision or any other instrumentality of a
                    State;
                        (C) a State infrastructure bank;
                        (D) a partnership, including a public-private
                    partnership;
                        (E) a corporation, limited liability company, or
                    any other legally established corporate form;
                        (F) a joint venture;
                        (G) a trust; or
                        (H) a revolving fund.
                (2) Covered foreign country.--The term ``covered foreign
            country'' has the meaning given that term in section 164(e) of
            the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National
            Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (10 U.S.C. note
            prec. 4651).
                (3) Federal infrastructure bank.--The term ``Federal
            Infrastructure Bank'' means a federally-chartered and
            privately-funded bank established to provide to a covered
            entity credit assistance, including equity investments, direct
            loans, indirect loans, and loan guarantees, for the planning,
            predevelopment, design, construction, operations, or
            maintenance of infrastructure projects in the United States.
                (4) State.--The term ``State'' means a State of the United
            States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
            Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the United States Virgin
            Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and any other territory or
            possession of the United States.
                (5) State infrastructure bank.--The term ``State
            infrastructure bank'' means a State infrastructure bank or
            multistate infrastructure bank established pursuant to--
                        (A) section 350 of the National Highway System
                    Designation Act of 1995 (23 U.S.C. 101 note);
                        (B) section 1511 of the Transportation Equity Act
                    for the 21st Century (23 U.S.C. 181 note);
                        (C) section 610 of title 23, United States Code; or
                        (D) any State law that establishes such bank as an
                    agency, component unit, or other governmental entity of
                    the State.

                        TITLE III--PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

                              Subtitle A--Reforms

    SEC. 3001. PURPOSE AND DECLARATION OF POLICY.

        Section 5301 of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as
    follows:
    ``Sec. 5301. Purpose and declaration of policy
        ``(a) General Purpose.--The purpose of this chapter is to foster
    the delivery of safe, high-quality transit services by public
    transportation providers to individuals, including individuals with
    disabilities, seniors, and individuals who depend on public
    transportation, including through Federal funding to public
    transportation systems.
        ``(b) Declaration of Policy.--It is in the interest of the United
    States, including the economic interest of the United States, that
    authorities granted to the Secretary under this chapter facilitate--
                ``(1) the safe transportation of passengers, workers, and
            property on public transportation systems;
                ``(2) projects to develop and revitalize public
            transportation systems in a manner that--
                        ``(A) provides safe, efficient, and convenient
                    public transportation at the lowest cost; and
                        ``(B) fosters cooperation of both public
                    transportation companies and private companies engaged
                    in public transportation;
                ``(3) the development of intermodal connections between
            transit services and other transportation modes and systems to
            serve public transportation passengers efficiently and
            effectively;
                ``(4) the research, development, demonstration, and
            deployment of projects dedicated to improving the delivery of
            safe and effective public transportation services;
                ``(5) the development of the public transportation
            workforce;
                ``(6) the maintenance of a state of good repair of public
            transportation infrastructure and vehicles;
                ``(7) the adoption of innovative technology, concepts, and
            approaches to promote safety, capacity, and efficiency
            improvements for projects funded by a fixed guideway capital
            investment grant;
                ``(8) economic development;
                ``(9) the development and delivery of capital projects;
                ``(10) cooperative and comprehensive planning that improves
            the performance of the transportation network; and
                ``(11) technical assistance for recipients of assistance
            under this chapter to more effectively and efficiently provide
            public transportation service.''.

    SEC. 3002. DEFINITIONS.

        (a) In General.--Section 5302 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) by striking ``or use and that are physically or
                    functionally related'' and inserting ``use,
                    accessibility, navigability, or safety and that are
                    physically or functionally related'';
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (G)
                    as clauses (i) through (vii), respectively;
                        (C) by striking ```associated transit improvement'
                    means, with respect to any project or an area to be
                    served by a project, projects'' and inserting
                    ```associated transit improvement'--
                        ``(A) means, with respect to any project or an area
                    served by a project, projects'';
                        (D) by striking ``facilities. Eligible projects
                    are--'' and inserting ``facilities; and
                        ``(B) are projects related to--''; and
                        (E) in clause (i), as so redesignated, by striking
                    ``intended'' and inserting ``planned'';
                (2) by striking paragraph (16);
                (3) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (15) as
            paragraphs (5) through (16), respectively;
                (4) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following new
            paragraph:
                ``(4) Capital asset.--The term `capital asset' means a unit
            of rolling stock, a facility, a unit of equipment, or an
            element of infrastructure used for providing public
            transportation owned, operated, or managed by a recipient of
            financial assistance under this chapter.'';
                (5) in paragraph (5), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in subparagraph (I)--
                                (i) in clause (i) by striking ``or'' at the
                            end;
                                (ii) in clause (ii)(III) by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iii) under section 5308.'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (M) by striking ``improvements;
                    or'' and inserting ``improvements--
                                ``(i) within 2.5 miles of a transit
                            facility for projects described in clauses (v)
                            and (vii) of paragraph (2)(B);
                                ``(ii) within a half mile of a transit
                            facility for projects described in clauses (i),
                            (iii), and (iv) of paragraph (2)(B); and
                                ``(iii) at any location within the service
                            area of a public transportation provider for
                            projects described in clauses (ii) and (vi) of
                            paragraph (2)(B);'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (N) by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following new
                    subparagraph:
                        ``(O) software, contracted or wholly owned, that is
                    related to the delivery of public transportation
                    services, including software as a service and cloud-
                    based software.'';
                (6) in paragraph (21) by striking ``The term'' and all that
            follows through the period at the end and inserting ``With
            respect to a capital asset, the term `state of good repair'
            means the condition of the capital asset at which the capital
            asset is able to operate at a full level of performance, as
            such condition is determined by the standards prescribed by the
            Secretary in subpart D of part 625 of title 49, Code of Federal
            Regulations, or any successor regulation.'';
                (7) by redesignating paragraphs (22) through (25) as
            paragraphs (23) through (26), respectively; and
                (8) by inserting after paragraph (21) the following new
            paragraph:
                ``(22) Transit asset management plan.--The term `transit
            asset management plan' means a plan--
                        ``(A) developed by a recipient of funding under
                    this chapter;
                        ``(B) that includes, at a minimum, capital asset
                    inventories and condition assessments, decision support
                    tools, and investment prioritization; and
                        ``(C) in which the recipient certifies compliance
                    with part 625 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations,
                    or any successor regulation.''.
        (b) Technical Amendments.--Section 5323(e)(3) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``5302(4)(J)'' and inserting
    ``5302(5)(J)''.

    SEC. 3003. TRANSPORTATION PLANNING.

        (a) Metropolitan Transportation Planning.--Section 5303 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (7) as
                    paragraphs (6) through (8), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
                ``(5) Primary urbanized area.--The term `primary urbanized
            area' means an urbanized area that--
                        ``(A) has a population of at least 3,500,000
                    individuals, as determined by the Bureau of Census; or
                        ``(B) extends into more than 1 State and has a
                    population of at least 200,000, as determined by the
                    Bureau of Census.'';
                (2) in subsection (f)(1) by striking ``metropolitan area
            and'' and inserting ``metropolitan area, including primary
            urbanized areas that extend into more than 1 State in
            accordance with section 5308, and'';
                (3) in subsection (j)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by adding at the end the
                    following:
                        ``(E) Exception.--Notwithstanding any other
                    provision of law, the amendment of an approved TIP to
                    add a project or an identified phase of a project shall
                    not require public review and comment if the added
                    project or the identified phase--
                                ``(i) was in the approved TIP that
                            immediately preceded the current TIP; and
                                ``(ii) is unchanged from the project or the
                            identified phase in the preceding TIP.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (5)(A) by striking ``subsection
                    (k)(4)'' and inserting ``subsection (k)(5)'';
                (4) in subsection (k)(4)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``In general''
                    and inserting ``Housing coordination process'';
                        (B) by striking subparagraph (B);
                        (C) in subparagraph (C)--
                                (i) in clause (i) by striking the
                            enumerator and the heading; and
                                (ii) by striking clause (ii); and
                        (D) by redesignating subparagraph (C), as amended,
                    as subparagraph (B); and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(s) Additional Uses of Metropolitan Planning Funding.--In
    addition to carrying out the purposes of this section, funds
    appropriated under section 104(b)(6) of title 23 and section 5305(f) to
    States and metropolitan planning organizations to carry out this
    section may be used for--
                ``(1) fiscal administration of local projects;
                ``(2) preliminary design;
                ``(3) local technical assistance;
                ``(4) studies directly linked to transportation; and
                ``(5) critical data procurement.''.
        (b) Statewide and Nonmetropolitan Transportation Planning.--Section
    5304 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (e)(3) by striking the period at the end
            and inserting ``, including primary urbanized areas that extend
            to more than 1 State in accordance with section 5308.''; and
                (2) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph
                    (10); and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following:
                ``(9) Exception.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            law, the amendment of an approved transportation improvement
            program to add a project or an identified phase of a project
            shall not require public review and comment if the added
            project or the identified phase--
                        ``(A) was in the approved transportation
                    improvement program that immediately preceded the
                    current transportation improvement program; and
                        ``(B) is unchanged from the project or the
                    identified phase in the preceding transportation
                    improvement program.''.

    SEC. 3004. PLANNING PROGRAMS.

        (a) In General.--Section 5305 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)(1)(A) by striking ``subsection
            (g)(1)'' and inserting ``subsection (f)(1)'';
                (2) in subsection (d)(3)(A) by striking ``subsection
            (g)(1)'' and inserting ``subsection (f)(1)'';
                (3) in subsection (e)(1)(A) by striking ``subsection
            (g)(2)'' and inserting ``subsection (f)(2)'';
                (4) in subsection (e)(2) by striking ``subsection (d)'' and
            inserting ``subsection (c)'';
                (5) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) by striking ``fiscal year'' and inserting
                    ``fiscal year, less the amount set aside for such
                    fiscal year for the program under subsection (i)'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1) by striking ``subsection (d)''
                    and inserting ``subsection (c)''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (2) by striking ``subsection (e)''
                    and inserting ``subsection (d)'';
                (6) by striking subsection (a);
                (7) by redesignating subsections (b) through (h) as
            subsections (a) through (g), respectively; and
                (8) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
        ``(h) Exemptions to Covered Territories.--
                ``(1) In general.--Beginning on the date of enactment of
            this subsection, the Secretary may award a grant to a covered
            territory as if the covered territory is a State, except if the
            Secretary determines that a requirement of section 5303, 5304,
            or this section is inconsistent with the needs of the covered
            territory, the Secretary may exempt the territory from such
            requirement.
                ``(2) Covered territory defined.--In this subsection, the
            term `covered territory' means American Samoa, the Northern
            Mariana Islands, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.''.
        (b) Amendments to Pilot Program for Transit-Oriented Development
    Planning.--Subsection (b) of section 20005 of MAP-21 (49 U.S.C. 5303
    note) is amended--
                (1) in the subsection heading by striking ``Pilot'';
                (2) by striking paragraph (1);
                (3) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs
            (1) and (2), respectively; and
                (4) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
                ``(3) Eligible project defined.--In this subsection, the
            term `eligible project' means a new fixed guideway capital
            project or a core capacity improvement project, as those terms
            are defined in section 5309.''.
        (c) Transfer of Program for Transit-Oriented Development
    Planning.--Subsection (b) of section 20005 of MAP-21 (49 U.S.C. 5303
    note), as amended, is transferred to appear as subsection (i) of
    section 5305 of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 3005. URBANIZED AREA FORMULA GRANTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 5307 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)(A)--
                                (i) in clause (i) by striking ``; or'' at
                            the end; and
                                (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iii) operate a minimum of 101 buses and
                            a maximum of 125 buses in fixed route or demand
                            response service, excluding ADA complementary
                            paratransit service, during peak hours, in an
                            amount not to exceed 25 percent of the share of
                            the apportionment which is attributable to such
                            systems within the urbanized area, as measured
                            by vehicle revenue hours; or''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                                (i) in clause (i) by striking ``; or'' and
                            inserting a semicolon;
                                (ii) in clause (ii) by striking the period
                            at the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iii) operate a minimum of 101 buses and
                            a maximum of 125 buses in fixed route or demand
                            response service, excluding ADA complementary
                            paratransit service, during peak hours, in an
                            amount not to exceed 25 percent of the share of
                            the apportionment allocated to such systems
                            within the urbanized area, as determined by the
                            local planning process and including in the
                            designated recipient's final program of
                            projects prepared under subsection (b).'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (4); and
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (7) as
                    paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively;
                (3) in subsection (c)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (I) by inserting ``or
                    eliminating'' after ``raising'';
                        (B) by striking subparagraph (J) and inserting the
                    following:
                        ``(J) will expend not less than 1 percent of the
                    amount the recipient receives for each fiscal year
                    under section 5336 for crime prevention and security
                    projects described in section 5321;''; and
                        (C) by striking subparagraph (K) and inserting:
                        ``(K) will expend not less than 1 percent of the
                    amount the recipient receives for each fiscal year
                    under section 5336 to further meet or exceed the
                    requirements described in part 37 or 38 of title 49,
                    Code of Federal Regulations; and'';
                (4) by striking subsection (f) and inserting the following:
        ``(f) Records, Audits, and Evaluations.--
                ``(1) Records.--The Secretary shall require a recipient of
            a grant under this section to keep records that--
                        ``(A) disclose--
                                ``(i) the amount and disposition by the
                            recipient of the proceeds of the grant;
                                ``(ii) the total cost of the plan or
                            program for which the grant is given or used;
                            and
                                ``(iii) the amounts and kinds of remaining
                            costs of the plan or program, as described
                            under subsection (d)(3); and
                        ``(B) enable the Secretary or another appropriate
                    entity to audit such recipient.
                ``(2) Audits and examinations.--The Secretary and the
            Comptroller General may audit and examine any records of a
            recipient that are related to a grant made under this section.
                ``(3) Annual audit.--
                        ``(A) In general.--At least annually, the Secretary
                    shall carry out, or authorize a recipient to carry out
                    independently, an audit of records for each grant to
                    establish whether the recipient--
                                ``(i) has carried out the requirements
                            prescribed in subsection (c) for each grant
                            made pursuant to this section;
                                ``(ii) is prepared to continue to fulfill
                            such requirements for the duration of the
                            grant; and
                                ``(iii) has administered the grant and all
                            amounts of the Government in accordance with
                            all applicable laws and regulations.
                        ``(B) Independent audit procedures and
                    requirement.--A recipient authorized by the Secretary
                    to carry out an independent review and audit under
                    subparagraph (A) shall--
                                ``(i) ensure that an independent audit
                            complies with the auditing procedures of the
                            Comptroller General; and
                                ``(ii) submit a certified copy of the audit
                            to the Secretary not more than 6 months after
                            the end of the fiscal year for which the audit
                            was made.
                ``(4) Triennial review.--Except as otherwise provided by
            paragraph (5), the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) not less than once every 3 calendar years--
                                ``(i) review and evaluate the findings from
                            each annual audit; and
                                ``(ii) assess the extent to which actual
                            program activities are consistent with--
                                        ``(I) the activities proposed under
                                    subsection (b); and
                                        ``(II) the planning process
                                    required under sections 5303, 5304, and
                                    5305;
                        ``(B) to the extent practicable, coordinate such
                    review with any related State or local reviews; and
                        ``(C) prioritize, as appropriate, the primary scope
                    of the review on--
                                ``(i) any previously identified
                            deficiencies by the recipient; and
                                ``(ii) the most common deficiencies by all
                            recipients, as identified by the Secretary.
                ``(5) Waiver of review.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in
                    subparagraph (C), the Secretary may waive the review
                    described in paragraph (4) if the Secretary, upon a
                    review of findings from the annual audits required
                    under paragraph (3), determines that the recipient
                    has--
                                ``(i) not established a pattern of
                            deficiency in meeting all applicable grant
                            requirements as prescribed by law; and
                                ``(ii) complied, to the satisfaction of the
                            Secretary, with all relevant directives issued
                            by the Federal Transit Administration and
                            attributable to the recipient, as applicable.
                        ``(B) Consecutive waivers.--The Secretary may
                    consecutively waive the review described in paragraph
                    (4) after determining pursuant to paragraph (5) that a
                    waiver is justified, however, the Secretary must
                    conduct at least 1 review every 10 calendar years.
                        ``(C) Requested reviews.--The Secretary shall
                    conduct all regularly scheduled triennial reviews for a
                    recipient if the recipient requests such scheduled
                    review be conducted.
                ``(6) Actions resulting from review, audit, or
            evaluation.--The Secretary may take appropriate action in
            response to a finding from a review or an audit conducted under
            this subsection, including adjusting the amount of a grant or
            withdrawing a grant.''; and
                (5) by striking subsection (h) and inserting the following:
        ``(h) All Stations Accessibility Program.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may make competitive
            grants to covered entities for use financing capital and
            planning projects to upgrade the accessibility of legacy rail
            fixed guideway public transportation systems for individuals
            with disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs,
            by increasing the number of existing (as of the date of
            enactment of this subsection) stations or facilities for
            passenger use that meet or exceed the new construction
            standards of title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of
            1990 (42 U.S.C. 12131 et seq.).
                ``(2) Application.--
                        ``(A) In general.--To be eligible to receive a
                    grant under this subsection, a covered entity that has
                    complied with subparagraph (B) shall submit to the
                    Secretary an application--
                                ``(i) in such form and containing such
                            information as the Secretary may require; and
                                ``(ii) including a certification by the
                            applicant that the project for which a grant is
                            requested will meet or exceed the new
                            construction standards of title II of the
                            Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42
                            U.S.C. 12131 et seq.).
                        ``(B) Consultation requirement.--Prior to
                    submitting an application under subparagraph (A), a
                    covered entity shall consult with appropriate
                    stakeholders and the surrounding community to ensure
                    accessibility for individuals with disabilities,
                    including individuals with physical, intellectual,
                    developmental, or sensory disabilities and individuals
                    who use wheelchairs.
                ``(3) Competitive process.--The Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) not later than 90 days after the date on
                    which amounts are made available for obligation under
                    this subsection for a full fiscal year, solicit grant
                    applications for projects on a competitive basis; and
                        ``(B) award a grant under this subsection based on
                    the solicitation under subparagraph (A) not later than
                    the earlier of--
                                ``(i) 90 days after the date on which the
                            solicitation expires; or
                                ``(ii) the end of the fiscal year in which
                            the Secretary solicited the grant applications.
                ``(4) Eligible projects.--A recipient of a grant under this
            subsection may use the grant for the following projects:
                        ``(A) A capital project to repair, improve, modify,
                    retrofit, or relocate infrastructure of stations or
                    facilities for passenger use, including load-bearing
                    members that are an essential part of the structural
                    frame of the station or facility.
                        ``(B) A planning project to develop or modify a
                    plan for 1 or more public transportation accessibility
                    projects, an assessment of accessibility, or an
                    assessment of a planned modification to stations or
                    facilities for passenger use.
                ``(5) Prohibited uses.--A recipient of a grant under this
            subsection may not use such grant to upgrade a station or
            facility for passenger use that is accessible to and usable by
            individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use
            wheelchairs, and that meet or exceed the new construction
            standards under title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act
            of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12131 et seq.).
                ``(6) Federal share.--The Federal share of a project for
            which a grant is issued under this subsection shall not exceed
            80 percent of the net project cost.
                ``(7) Required disclosures.--The Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) upon issuance of the notice of funding
                    opportunity in the Federal Register with respect to the
                    program under paragraph (1), publicly disclose all
                    metrics and evaluation procedures to be used in
                    considering applications submitted under paragraph (2);
                    and
                        ``(B) make publicly available a summary of final
                    scores for projects funded by a grant under this
                    subsection, metrics, and other evaluations used in
                    awarding grants under this subsection.
                ``(8) Covered entity defined.--In this subsection, the term
            `covered entity' means--
                        ``(A) a designated recipient that allocates funds
                    awarded under this chapter to 1 or more legacy rail
                    fixed guideway public transportation systems; and
                        ``(B) a State or local governmental entity that
                    operates 1 or more legacy rail fixed guideway public
                    transportation systems.''.
        (b) Repeals.--
                (1) Electric or low-emitting ferry pilot program.--Section
            71102 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law
            117-58), and the item relating to such section in the table of
            contents in section 1(b) of such Act, are repealed.
                (2) Ferry service for rural communities.--Subsections (a)
            through (f) of section 71103 of the Infrastructure Investment
            and Jobs Act (23 U.S.C. 147 note) are repealed.

    SEC. 3006. CONSOLIDATED STATE BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by inserting after section 5307 the following:
    ``Sec. 5308. Consolidated State block grant program
        ``(a) In General.--Excluding the amounts made available for primary
    urbanized areas with respect to which a State is not a designated
    recipient for Federal assistance pursuant to a financial assistance
    program or grant program referenced in section 5338(a)(2), the
    Secretary shall, subject to the requirements of subsection (b),
    consolidate grant amounts made available in a fiscal year pursuant to
    the formulas set forth in sections 5310, 5311(c)(5), 5336, 5337,
    5339(a), and 5340.
        ``(b) Application Requirements and Selection.--
                ``(1) Application requirements.--
                        ``(A) Certification.--In applying to participate in
                    the consolidated block grant program established under
                    this section, a State shall--
                                ``(i) provide written notice to all
                            designated recipients within the State (other
                            than those designated recipients located in a
                            primary urbanized area) of the intent of such
                            State to apply to such program;
                                ``(ii) afford affected designated
                            recipients an opportunity pursuant to
                            subparagraph (B) to affirmatively elect or to
                            deny participation in the program prior to the
                            date on which the State intends to submit the
                            application; and
                                ``(iii) provide to the Secretary in the
                            application a list of--
                                        ``(I) designated recipients that
                                    affirmatively elect to participate in
                                    the program; and
                                        ``(II) direct recipients in the
                                    relevant urbanized areas of such
                                    designated recipients.
                        ``(B) Role of designated recipients.--
                                ``(i) In general.--A designated recipient
                            shall, not later than 60 days after receiving
                            written notice from the State described in
                            subparagraph (A)(i), inform the State as to
                            whether the recipient elects to participate in
                            the program established under this section.
                                ``(ii) Determination in coordination with
                            direct recipients.--Within the time period
                            specified in clause (i), a designated recipient
                            shall coordinate with all direct recipients in
                            the relevant urbanized area in determining
                            whether to participate in such program.
                                ``(iii) Majority concurrence.--A designated
                            recipient of an urbanized area in which a
                            majority of direct recipients in the relevant
                            urbanized area elect to affirmatively
                            participate in the block grant program
                            established under this section shall--
                                        ``(I) be required to participate in
                                    the program established under this
                                    section; and
                                        ``(II) affirmatively notify the
                                    State of participation in the program.
                                ``(iv) Failure to respond.--A designated
                            recipient of an urbanized area that fails to
                            inform a State of an election under clause (i)
                            within the time period specified in such clause
                            shall be deemed by the State to have
                            affirmatively provided notified the State of
                            its participation in the program established
                            under this section.
                        ``(C) Non-participation.--A designated recipient of
                    an urbanized area that informs a State of its
                    determination to refuse participation in the block
                    grant program under this section in a fiscal year may
                    not participate in such program for the following 3
                    fiscal years.
                ``(2) Selection.--The Secretary shall allocate the amount
            described in subsection (a) to a State if the Secretary has--
                        ``(A) received an application from the State;
                        ``(B) determined that the State has an organization
                    capable of effectively administering a block grant made
                    under this section;
                        ``(C) determined that the State uses a
                    satisfactory--
                                ``(i) transportation system planning
                            process; and
                                ``(ii) programming process;
                        ``(D) calculated--
                                ``(i) the total amount to consolidate and
                            allocate to the State in accordance with
                            subsection (a); and
                                ``(ii) from the amount described in clause
                            (i), the minimum amounts a State shall
                            obligate, based on the amounts that would
                            otherwise be allocated to such areas in a State
                            under sections 5307, 5310, and 5311(c)(5),
                            5337, 5339(a), and 5340, to--
                                        ``(I) rural and urban areas; and
                                        ``(II) areas of different
                                    population levels; and
                        ``(E) entered into an agreement with the State
                    whereby the State agrees--
                                ``(i) to comply with applicable Federal
                            law, regulations, and requirements for
                            administering the block grant;
                                ``(ii) to provide the Secretary with such
                            program information as the Secretary may
                            require; and
                                ``(iii) to comply with the record and audit
                            requirements under subsection (c).
        ``(c) Records, Audits, and Evaluations.--The requirements set forth
    in section 5307(f) shall apply to a State participating in the block
    grant program under this section.
        ``(d) Prohibition; Rule of Construction.--
                ``(1) Prohibition.--A provider of public transportation in
            a primary urbanized area may not receive funding made available
            to a State pursuant to this section.
                ``(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection
            shall be construed to prohibit a provider of public
            transportation in a primary urbanized area from receiving
            funding from a State if the relevant State is the designated
            recipient for assistance pursuant to sections 5307, 5310, 5311,
            5337, 5339, or 5340.
        ``(e) Eligible Projects.--Amounts allocated to a State for
    assistance pursuant to this section may be used for--
                ``(1) capital projects;
                ``(2) planning;
                ``(3) job access and reverse commute projects;
                ``(4) operating costs of equipment and facilities for use
            in public transportation, notwithstanding section
            5307(a)(1)(D);
                ``(5) public transportation projects planned, designed, and
            carried out to meet the special needs of seniors and
            individuals with disabilities when public transportation is
            insufficient, inappropriate, or unavailable;
                ``(6) public transportation projects that exceed the
            requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42
            U.S.C. 12101 et seq.);
                ``(7) public transportation projects that improve access to
            fixed route service and decrease reliance by individuals with
            disabilities on complementary paratransit;
                ``(8) alternatives to public transportation that assist
            seniors and individuals with disabilities with transportation;
                ``(9) the acquisition of public transportation services,
            including service agreements with private providers of public
            transportation service;
                ``(10) intercity bus transportation and related activities
            described in section 5311(f)(1);
                ``(11) financing capital projects to--
                        ``(A) maintain public transportation systems in a
                    state of good repair, including projects to replace and
                    rehabilitate--
                                ``(i) rolling stock;
                                ``(ii) track;
                                ``(iii) line equipment and structures;
                                ``(iv) signals and communications;
                                ``(v) power equipment and substations;
                                ``(vi) passenger stations and terminals;
                                ``(vii) security equipment and systems;
                                ``(viii) maintenance facilities and
                            equipment;
                                ``(ix) operational support equipment,
                            including computer hardware and software;
                                ``(x) development and implementation of a
                            transit asset management plan; and
                                ``(xi) other replacement and rehabilitation
                            projects the Secretary determines appropriate;
                        ``(B) replace, rehabilitate, and purchase buses and
                    related equipment, including technological changes or
                    innovations to modify vehicles described in section
                    5339(c)(5) or related facilities; and
                        ``(C) construct bus-related facilities; and
                ``(12) any other activity eligible for assistance pursuant
            to sections 5307, 5310, 5311, 5337, 5339(a), and 5340 of this
            chapter.
        ``(f) Roles and Responsibilities of Participating States.--
                ``(1) Program documentation.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Any grant agreement providing
                    funds to be administered under such program shall be
                    documented in a manner determined acceptable to the
                    Secretary.
                        ``(B) Parity.--The Secretary shall provide parity
                    to States and shall only require the same type of
                    information and level of detail for any program
                    agreements and documentation that the Secretary would
                    perform with respect to such action if the State did
                    not receive assistance in the form of a block grant
                    under this section.
                        ``(C) Responsibilities.--Unless the State expressly
                    agrees to retain responsibility, the Secretary shall
                    assume responsibility for grant compliance
                    investigations, determinations, and enforcement.
                ``(2) Reporting requirements.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Each State participating in the
                    block grant program shall submit to the Secretary an
                    annual report that includes--
                                ``(i) the number of project applications
                            received for each fiscal year, including--
                                        ``(I) the aggregate cost of the
                                    projects for which applications are
                                    received; and
                                        ``(II) the types of projects to be
                                    carried out, expressed as percentages
                                    of the total consolidated amount
                                    allocated to the State under this
                                    section; and
                                ``(ii) a list of each project selected for
                            funding for each fiscal year, including, for
                            each project--
                                        ``(I) the fiscal year during which
                                    the project was selected;
                                        ``(II) the fiscal year in which the
                                    project is anticipated to be funded;
                                        ``(III) the recipient;
                                        ``(IV) the location, including the
                                    congressional district;
                                        ``(V) the type;
                                        ``(VI) the cost; and
                                        ``(VII) a brief description.
                        ``(B) Public availability.--The Secretary shall
                    make available to the public, in a user-friendly format
                    on the website of the Department of Transportation, a
                    copy of each annual report submitted under subparagraph
                    (A).
        ``(g) Consultation With Certain Planning Organizations.--For
    purposes of carrying out a block grant program under this section, a
    State shall--
                ``(1) as applicable, consult with relevant metropolitan
            planning organizations in an urbanized area that is not a
            primary urbanized area; or
                ``(2) as applicable, consult with relevant regional
            transportation planning organizations in rural areas.
        ``(h) Treatment of Projects.--Projects funded under this section
    shall be treated as public transportation projects for purposes of this
    chapter.
        ``(i) Cost Share.--
                ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and
            (3), the Federal share of an allowable project cost for a
            project funded under this section shall not exceed 80 percent.
                ``(2) Sliding scale.--The Federal share rate provided under
            paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 120(b) of title 23 shall
            apply to a project under this section if such rate is
            applicable to the State in which such project is carried out.
                ``(3) Certain projects.--Section 5323(i) applies to
            projects carried out under this subsection, unless a lower
            share percentage is requested.
        ``(j) Primary Urbanized Area.--In this section, the term `primary
    urbanized area' means an urbanized area that--
                ``(1) has a population of at least 3,500,000, as determined
            by the Bureau of Census; or
                ``(2) extends into more than 1 State and has a population
            of at least 200,000, as determined by the Bureau of Census.''.
        (b) Rulemaking Authority.--The Secretary may issue such regulations
    as may be necessary to carry out section 5308, as added by subsection
    (a).

    SEC. 3007. FIXED GUIDEWAY CAPITAL INVESTMENT GRANTS.

        (a) Amendments to Fixed Guideway Capital Investment Grant
    Program.--Section 5309 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
                    striking ``, the following definitions shall apply'';
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(2) Core capacity improvement project.--The term `core
            capacity improvement project'--
                        ``(A)(i) means a capital investment in an existing
                    fixed guideway system that--
                                        ``(I) increases the capacity of a
                                    corridor by not less than 10 percent;
                                    or
                                        ``(II) substantially increases the
                                    capacity of such system (in part or in
                                    whole); and
                                ``(ii) includes a project that--
                                        ``(I) is primarily intended to
                                    increase capacity by reducing passenger
                                    travel time in a corridor or in an
                                    existing fixed guideway system,
                                    including for passengers with
                                    disabilities and those who use
                                    wheelchairs; and
                                        ``(II) otherwise meets the
                                    requirements of clause (i); and
                        ``(B) does not include--
                                ``(i) elements designed to maintain a state
                            of good repair of the existing fixed guideway
                            system;
                                ``(ii) elements to improve general station
                            facilities (other than stairs, elevators,
                            ramps, or escalators for passenger use) or
                            parking; and
                                ``(iii) acquisition of rolling stock
                            alone.'';
                        (C) in paragraph (3) by striking ``small start''
                    and inserting ``streamlined start''; and
                        (D) in paragraph (6)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading by striking
                            ``Small start'' and inserting ``Streamlined
                            start'';
                                (ii) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking ``small start'' and inserting
                            ``streamlined start''; and
                                (iii) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B)
                            and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) the total estimated net capital cost is less
                    than $1,000,000,000 (adjusted annually for inflation);
                    and
                        ``(B) Federal assistance provided or requested
                    under this section is less than or equal to 50 percent
                    of the dollar amount specified in subparagraph (A).'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``small start''
                    and inserting ``streamlined start''; and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(2) core capacity improvement projects, including--
                        ``(A) acquisition of real property;
                        ``(B) acquisition of rights-of-way;
                        ``(C) double tracking;
                        ``(D) signalization improvements;
                        ``(E) electrification;
                        ``(F) expanding system platforms;
                        ``(G) acquisition of rolling stock associated with
                    corridor or system-wide improvements increasing
                    capacity;
                        ``(H) construction of infill stations;
                        ``(I) construction, renovation, and improvement of
                    stairs, ramps, elevators, and escalators to improve
                    accessibility of the system or corridor for individuals
                    with disabilities, including individuals who use
                    wheelchairs; and
                        ``(J) other capacity improvements the Secretary
                    determines are appropriate to increase the capacity of
                    the system or corridor.'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking ``small start'' and inserting
                            ``streamlined start''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                        (I) by striking ``the applicant''
                                    and inserting ``if applicable, the
                                    applicant'';
                                        (II) by striking ``the performance
                                    targets'' and inserting ``a performance
                                    target''; and
                                        (III) by striking ``in section
                                    5326(c)(2)'' and inserting ``described
                                    in section 5326(b)(2)(A)''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3) to read as follows:
                ``(3) Technical capacity.--The Secretary shall use an
            expedited technical capacity review process for a project if
            the applicant--
                        ``(A) has--
                                ``(i) during the 5-year period immediately
                            preceding the date on which the applicant
                            requests funds for the project--
                                        ``(I) successfully completed at
                                    least 1 project pursuant to this
                                    section that is similar in complexity
                                    to the project for which the applicant
                                    is seeking an expedited review; and
                                        ``(II) demonstrates that the
                                    applicant continues to have the staff
                                    expertise and other resources necessary
                                    to implement a new project; or
                                ``(ii) during the 3-year period immediately
                            preceding the date on which the applicant
                            requests funds for the project--
                                        ``(I) successfully completed at
                                    least 1 project pursuant to this
                                    section; or
                                        ``(II) fulfilled readiness
                                    requirements related to technical
                                    capacity for a comparable project
                                    sponsored by the applicant; and
                        ``(B) certifies, in a manner determined by the
                    Secretary, that all project oversight requirements
                    applicable to the project will be fulfilled.'';
                (4) in subsection (d)(1)(A)--
                        (A) in clause (i)(II) by striking ``initiates'' and
                    inserting ``has initiated''; and
                        (B) in clause (ii)--
                                (i) by redesignating subclauses (I) and
                            (II) as subclauses (II) and (III),
                            respectively; and
                                (ii) by inserting before subclause (II), as
                            so redesignated, the following:
                                        ``(I) determines that the applicant
                                    has completed 30 percent of design and
                                    engineering for the project;'';
                (5) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A)--
                                (i) in clause (i)(II) by striking
                            ``initiates'' and inserting ``has initiated'';
                            and
                                (ii) in clause (ii)--
                                        (I) by redesignating subclauses (I)
                                    and (II) as subclauses (II) and (III),
                                    respectively; and
                                        (II) by inserting before subclause
                                    (II), as so redesignated, the
                                    following:
                                        ``(I) determines that the applicant
                                    has completed 30 percent of design and
                                    engineering for the project;''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking clause (iii);
                                        (II) by redesignating clauses (iv)
                                    and (v) as clauses (iii) and (iv),
                                    respectively; and
                                        (III) in clause (iii), as so
                                    redesignated, by striking ``needs of
                                    the corridor'' and all that follows
                                    through the semicolon and inserting
                                    ``needs of the system or corridor;'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) in the matter preceding clause
                                    (i) by striking ``subparagraph
                                    (A)(iv)'' and inserting ``subparagraph
                                    (A)(iii)''; and
                                        (II) by striking clause (ii) and
                                    inserting the following:
                                ``(ii) whether the project will increase
                            capacity of a corridor by at least 10 percent
                            or substantially increase capacity system-wide
                            (in whole or in part), including in the manner
                            described in subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii);'';
                (6) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking `` or (e)(2)(A)(v)'' and
                            inserting ``or (e)(2)(A)(iv)''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C) by striking
                            ``local resources'' and inserting ``the
                            applicant demonstrate that local resources'';
                            and
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``or
                    (e)(2)(A)(v)'' and inserting ``or (e)(2)(A)(iv)'';
                (7) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)(ii) by striking
                            ``subsection (e)(2)(A)(iv)'' and inserting
                            ``subsection (e)(2)(A)(iii)'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``or
                            (e)(2)(A)(iv)'' each place it appears and
                            inserting ``or (e)(2)(A)(iii)'' and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Eligibility for adjustment of certain
                    criterion.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In evaluating and rating
                            the economic development criterion referenced
                            in subsection (d)(2)(A)(iii) and
                            (e)(2)(A)(iii), the Secretary may increase 1
                            point on the 5-point scale (high, medium-high,
                            medium, medium-low, or low) the rating for the
                            economic development criterion if the applicant
                            submits documented evidence that enacted local
                            policies promote housing development for areas
                            accessible to transit facilities along the
                            project route.
                                ``(ii) Consideration; consultation.--In
                            carrying out clause (i), the Secretary shall--
                                        ``(I) consider whether the evidence
                                    submitted by the applicant will result
                                    in development appropriate to expected
                                    housing demand in the project area; and
                                        ``(II) consult with the Secretary
                                    of Housing and Urban Development.'';
                        (B) by amending paragraph (5) to read as follows:
                ``(5) Policy guidance.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall issue policy
                    guidance regarding the review and evaluation process
                    and criteria each time the Secretary makes significant
                    changes to the process and criteria, but not less
                    frequently than once every 2 years.
                        ``(B) Requirement.--In carrying out subparagraph
                    (A), the Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) ensure that the policy guidance for
                            streamlined start projects is reflective of any
                            differences in project scope, cost, risk, and
                            source of local financial commitment compared
                            to projects under subsections (d) and (e); and
                                ``(ii) for core capacity improvement
                            projects that propose to increase capacity in
                            the manner described in subsection
                            (a)(2)(A)(ii), issue specific policy guidance
                            for evaluating how such projects may increase
                            the capacity of the system or corridor.
                        ``(C) Nonsubstantive policy updates.--
                    Notwithstanding the requirements of section 5334(k),
                    the Secretary may issue or publish an update to the
                    policy guidance described in subparagraph (A) provided
                    that such update does not--
                                ``(i) impose a binding obligation on an
                            applicant under this section; or
                                ``(ii) significantly change the
                            administration of the existing policy.'';
                        (C) in paragraph (6)--
                                (i) by striking ``Not later than 1 year''
                            and all that follows through ``shall issue''
                            and inserting ``The Secretary shall maintain'';
                            and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking
                            ``corridor'' and inserting ``corridor or
                            system''; and
                        (D) in paragraph (8) by striking ``the date of
                    enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of
                    2012'' and inserting ``October 1, 2012'';
                (8) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading by striking ``Small
                    Start'' and inserting ``Streamlined Start'';
                        (B) by striking ``small start'' in each place it
                    occurs and inserting ``streamlined start'';
                        (C) by striking ``small starts'' in each place it
                    occurs and inserting ``streamlined start'';
                        (D) in paragraph (2)(A)--
                                (i) in clause (i)(II) by striking
                            ``initiates'' and inserting ``has initiated'';
                            and
                                (ii) in clause (ii)--
                                        (I) by redesignating subclauses (I)
                                    and (II) as subclauses (II) and (III),
                                    respectively; and
                                        (II) by inserting before subclause
                                    (II), as so redesignated, the
                                    following:
                                        ``(I) determines that the applicant
                                    has completed 30 percent of design and
                                    engineering for the project;'';
                        (E) in paragraph (6) by adding at the end the
                    following:
                        ``(C) Eligibility for adjustment of certain
                    criterion.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In evaluating and rating
                            the economic development criterion referenced
                            in paragraph (4), the Secretary may increase 1
                            point on the 5-point scale (high, medium-high,
                            medium, medium-low, or low) the rating for the
                            economic development criterion if the applicant
                            submits documented evidence that enacted local
                            policies promote housing development for areas
                            accessible to transit facilities along the
                            project route.
                                ``(ii) Consideration; consultation.--In
                            carrying out clause (i), the Secretary shall--
                                        ``(I) consider whether the evidence
                                    submitted by the applicant will result
                                    in development appropriate to expected
                                    housing demand in the project area; and
                                        ``(II) consult with the Secretary
                                    of Housing and Urban Development.'';
                                    and
                        (F) in paragraph (7)(C) by striking ``10 days'' and
                    inserting ``3 business days'';
                (9) in subsection (i)(4)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in the subparagraph heading by striking
                            ``Small start'' and inserting ``Streamlined
                            start''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``small start'' and
                            inserting ``streamlined start''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (C)(iii) by striking ``small
                    start'' and inserting ``streamlined start'';
                (10) in subsection (j) by striking ``the date of enactment
            of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012'' and
            inserting ``October 1, 2012'';
                (11) in subsection (k)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (E)(i) by striking
                            ``Applicants'' and inserting ``Unless otherwise
                            provided by subparagraph (G), applicants'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (F) by striking ``To
                            be eligible'' and inserting ``Unless otherwise
                            provided by subparagraph (G), to be eligible'';
                            and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following
                            new subparagraph:
                        ``(G) Special rule.--An applicant seeking a full
                    funding grant agreement under this paragraph for a
                    project that has a local financial commitment of not
                    less than 50 percent of the total net cost of the
                    project may not be required by the Secretary to submit
                    a plan described in subparagraph (E) or to collect data
                    on the current system described in subparagraph (F).'';
                    and
                        (B) in paragraph (5) by striking ``15 days'' and
                    inserting ``3 business days'';
                (12) in subsection (l)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(B)--
                                (i) in clause (iii) by striking ``in the
                            corridor'' and inserting ``of the system or
                            corridor''; and
                                (ii) in clause (iv)--
                                        (I) in the clause heading by
                                    striking ``small start'' and
                                    ``streamlined start''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``small start''
                                    and inserting ``streamlined start'';
                                    and
                        (B) in paragraph (7) by striking ``the date of
                    enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of
                    2012'' and inserting ``October 1, 2012'';
                (13) in subsection (m) by adding at the end the following
            new paragraph:
                ``(3) Pre-project development phase costs.--The Secretary
            shall pay the Government share of project costs incurred by a
            State or local governmental authority that carries out any part
            of a project described in this section without the aid of
            amounts of the Government and according to all applicable
            procedures and requirements, if--
                        ``(A) the project development costs of the project
                    were incurred by the State or local governmental
                    authority before the date on which the project entered
                    into the project development phase;
                        ``(B) the project--
                                ``(i) in the case of a project under
                            subsections (d) or (e), advances to the
                            engineering phase; or
                                ``(ii) in the case of a project under
                            subsection (h), advances to the construction
                            phase; and
                        ``(C) the State or local governmental authority
                    applies for payment of such Government share.'';
                (14) in subsection (o)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking subparagraph (B);
                                (ii) by striking subparagraph (C) and
                            inserting the following:
                        ``(C) recommendations of such projects for
                    funding--
                                ``(i) based on the evaluations and ratings
                            and on existing commitments and anticipated
                            funding levels for the next 3 fiscal years
                            based on information currently available to the
                            Secretary; and
                                ``(ii) prioritizing projects submitted
                            under subsection (u); and'';
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (C), as
                            amended, as subparagraph (B); and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following new
                            subparagraph:
                        ``(C) a narrative summary for projects for which
                    the Secretary adjusted the rating of the economic
                    development criterion pursuant to subsection (g)(2)(D)
                    or (h)(6)(C).'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(A)(i)(I) by striking ``and
                    section 3005(b) of the Federal Public Transportation
                    Act of 2015 (49 U.S.C. 5309 note; Public Law 114-94)'';
                    and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following new
                    paragraph:
                ``(3) Evaluations and rating.--Concurrently with updates
            made pursuant to subsection (r)(2), the Secretary shall submit
            to Congress, and make available to the public, report
            evaluations and ratings, as required under subsections (d),
            (e), and (h), for each such project that--
                        ``(A) is in the project development phase;
                        ``(B) is in the engineering phase; or
                        ``(C) has received a full funding grant
                    agreement.'';
                (15) in subsection (p)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading by striking ``Rule''
                    and inserting ``Rules Regarding Cost Effectiveness'';
                        (B) by striking ``For the purposes'' and inserting
                    ``(1) treatment of certain capital costs.--For the
                    purposes''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following new
                    paragraph:
                ``(2) Alternative metric consideration.--In making a
            determination regarding the cost effectiveness of a project
            under subsection (d)(2)(A)(iii) or (e)(2)(A)(iii), the
            Secretary may consider, in addition to the measurement of cost
            per rider, upon request of the project sponsor, an alternative
            metric for cost effectiveness determined appropriate by the
            Secretary.''; and
                (16) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(s) Alternative Project Delivery.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding contract requirements in
            section 5325, the Secretary may allow an applicant to enter
            into a covered project delivery contract with respect to a
            project for which the applicant requests funds under this
            section.
                ``(2) Covered project delivery contract defined.--In this
            subsection, the term `covered project delivery contract'
            means--
                        ``(A) an agreement that provides for both design
                    and construction of a project by 1 or more contractors
                    through alternative project delivery methods, including
                    construction manager/general contractor, construction
                    manager-at-risk, progressive design build, or any other
                    alternative project delivery method; or
                        ``(B) a single contract for the delivery of a whole
                    project that--
                                ``(i) includes, at a minimum, the sponsor,
                            builder, and designer as parties subject to the
                            terms of the contract;
                                ``(ii) aligns the interests of all parties
                            to the contract with respect to the project
                            costs and project outcomes; and
                                ``(iii) includes processes to ensure
                            transparency and collaboration among all
                            parties to the contract with respect to the
                            project costs and project outcomes.
        ``(t) Special Rule for Risk Assessment and Lock-in Date.--With
    respect to core capacity improvement projects and new fixed guideway
    capital projects, the Secretary may not determine a maximum Capital
    Investment Grant contribution or conduct a risk assessment until 120
    days after the project enters into the engineering phase, except the
    Secretary may conduct a risk assessment earlier upon request from the
    project sponsor.''.
        (b) Amendments to Expedited Project Delivery for Capital Investment
    Grants Pilot Program.--Section 3005(b) of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 5309
    note) is amended--
                (1) in the heading by striking ``Pilot'';
                (2) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
                ``(1) Definition of specified core capacity improvement
            project.--In this subsection, the term `specified core capacity
            improvement project'--
                        ``(A)(i) means a capital investment in an existing
                    fixed guideway system that--
                                        ``(I) increases the capacity of a
                                    corridor by not less than 10 percent;
                                    or
                                        ``(II) substantially increases the
                                    capacity of such system (in part or in
                                    whole); and
                                ``(ii) includes a project that--
                                        ``(I) is primarily intended to
                                    increase capacity by reducing passenger
                                    travel time in a corridor or in an
                                    existing fixed guideway system,
                                    including for passengers with
                                    disabilities and passengers who use
                                    wheelchairs; and
                                        ``(II) otherwise meets the
                                    requirements of clause (i);
                        ``(B) may include project elements designed to
                    achieve a state of good repair of the existing fixed
                    guideway system; and
                        ``(C) does not include--
                                ``(i) elements designed to maintain a state
                            of good repair of the existing fixed guideway
                            system;
                                ``(ii) elements to improve general station
                            facilities (other than stairs, elevators,
                            ramps, or escalators for passenger use) or
                            parking; and
                                ``(iii) acquisition of rolling stock
                            alone.'';
                (3) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``small start''
                    and inserting ``streamlined start''; and
                        (B) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the
                    following:
                        ``(B) specified core capacity improvement projects,
                    including--
                                ``(i) acquisition of real property;
                                ``(ii) acquisition of rights-of-way;
                                ``(iii) double tracking;
                                ``(iv) signalization improvements;
                                ``(v) electrification;
                                ``(vi) expanding system platforms;
                                ``(vii) acquisition of rolling stock
                            associated with corridor improvements
                            increasing capacity;
                                ``(viii) construction of infill stations;
                                ``(ix) construction, renovation, and
                            improvement of stairs, ramps, elevators, and
                            escalators to improve accessibility of the
                            system or corridor for individuals with
                            disabilities, including individuals who use
                            wheelchairs; and
                                ``(x) other capacity improvements the
                            Secretary determines are appropriate to
                            increase the capacity of the system or
                            corridor.'';
                (4) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by striking ``not more than 8 grants
                            under this subsection for eligible projects if
                            the Secretary determines that'' and inserting
                            ``grants under this subsection to State and
                            local governmental authorities to assist in
                            financing a new fixed guideway capital project,
                            a streamlined start project, or a specified
                            core capacity improvement project if the
                            Secretary determines that'';
                                (ii) in clause (i) by striking ``of title
                            49, United States Code'';
                                (iii) by striking clause (iii) and
                            inserting the following:
                                ``(iii) there are private contributions to
                            the project, which may include cost-effective
                            project delivery, management or transfer of
                            project risks, expedited project schedule,
                            financial partnering, and other public-private
                            partnership strategies, provided such elements
                            are determined by local policies, criteria, and
                            decisionmaking under section 5306(a);''; and
                                (iv) in clauses (i) through (vi) by
                            striking ``eligible'' each place it appears;
                        (B) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``of title 49,
                    United States Code,'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``for
                    applicants that have'' and all that follows through the
                    period and inserting ``as prescribed in subsection
                    (c)(3).'';
                        (D) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) in clause (i)--
                                        (I) in the matter preceding
                                    subclause (I) by striking ``an eligible
                                    project'' and inserting ``a project'';
                                    and
                                        (II) in subclause (I) by striking
                                    ``eligible''; and
                                (ii) in clause (ii) by striking
                            ``eligible'' each place it appears;
                        (E) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``of title 49,
                    United States Code,''; and
                        (F) by adding at the end the following new
                    subparagraph:
                        ``(F) Consideration for specified core capacity
                    project.--For purposes of making a determination under
                    this paragraph for a specified core capacity project,
                    the Secretary shall determine whether the project will
                    increase capacity of a corridor by at least 10 percent
                    or substantially increase capacity system-wide (in
                    whole or in part), including in the manner described in
                    paragraph (1)(A)(ii).'';
                (5) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``an eligible''
                    and inserting ``a'';
                        (B) in subparagraphs (B) and (C) by striking
                    ``eligible'' each place it appears; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (C)(i) by striking ``public-
                    private partnership required'' and inserting ``private
                    contributions required'';
                (6) in paragraph (5)(A) by striking ``120 days'' and
            inserting ``180 days'';
                (7) in paragraph (6)--
                        (A) by striking ``eligible'' each place it appears;
                    and
                        (B) by inserting ``specified'' before ``core
                    capacity'';
                (8) in paragraph (7) by striking ``an eligible'' and
            inserting ``a'';
                (9) in paragraph (8)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)(i)--
                                (i) by striking ``an eligible'' each place
                            it appears and inserting ``a''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``the eligible'' and
                            inserting ``the'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clauses (i) and (ii) by striking
                            ``an eligible'' and inserting ``a'';
                                (ii) in clause (iii)--
                                        (I) by striking ``eligible'' each
                                    place it appears; and
                                        (II) in subclause (III) by striking
                                    ``, consistent with the terms of the
                                    public-private partnership agreement'';
                                (iii) in clause (iv)--
                                        (I) in subclause (III) by striking
                                    ``eligible project'' each place it
                                    appears and inserting ``project''; and
                                        (II) in subclause (IV)--
                                                (aa) by inserting
                                            ``specified'' before ``core
                                            capacity''; and
                                                (bb) by striking ``small
                                            start'' and inserting
                                            ``streamlined start''; and
                                (iv) in clause (v) by striking ``small
                            start'' and inserting ``streamlined start'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (C)(i) by striking
                    ``eligible''; and
                        (D) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) in clause (i)--
                                        (I) by striking ``15 days'' and
                                    inserting ``3 business days''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``an eligible''
                                    and inserting ``a''; and
                                (ii) in clause (ii) by striking
                            ``eligible'';
                (10) in paragraph (9)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by striking ``an eligible'' and
                            inserting ``a''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``25 percent'' and
                            inserting ``40 percent'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``75 percent''
                    and inserting ``60 percent''; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (E)--
                                (i) by striking ``an eligible project'' and
                            inserting ``a project'';
                                (ii) by striking ``the applicant shall
                            repay'' and inserting ``as determined by the
                            Secretary, the applicant shall repay'';
                                (iii) by striking ``the eligible project''
                            and inserting ``the project''; and
                                (iv) by striking ``all eligible project''
                            and inserting ``all project'';
                (11) in paragraph (10)(A)--
                        (A) by striking ``an eligible project'' and
                    inserting ``a project'';
                        (B) by striking ``that eligible project'' and
                    inserting ``the project''; and
                        (C) by striking ``the eligible project'' and
                    inserting ``the project'';
                (12) in paragraph (11) by striking ``Not later than'' and
            all that follows through the period at the end and inserting
            ``In each annual report described in subsection (o)(1), the
            Secretary shall include a proposed amount to be available to
            finance grants for anticipated projects under this
            subsection.''; and
                (13) in paragraph (12)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B) by striking the semicolon
                    and inserting ``; or'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``; or'' and
                    inserting a period; and
                        (C) by striking subparagraph (D).
        (c) Transfer of Expedited Project Delivery for Capital Investment
    Grants Program.--Section 3005(b) of the FAST Act, as amended by
    subsection (b), is transferred to appear as subsection (u) of section
    5309 of title 49, United States Code.
        (d) Ensuring Flexibility in CIG Project Pipelines.--The Secretary
    shall, to the greatest extent practicable and in accordance with
    applicable statutory requirements--
                (1) ensure that an applicant in the capital investment
            grant program has flexibility to move between project pipelines
            provided under subsections (d), (e), (h), and (u) of section
            5309; and
                (2) minimize the administrative burden associated with
            utilizing such flexibility.
        (e) Applicability.--The amendments made by subsections (a) through
    (c) shall only apply to a grant application under section 5309 of title
    49, United States Code, that--
                (1) is submitted on or after the date of enactment of this
            Act;
                (2) is moved by the Secretary between project pipelines
            provided under subsections (d), (e), (h), and (u) of such
            section after the date of enactment of this Act; or
                (3) is for a project--
                        (A) that prior to the date of enactment of this
                    Act--
                                (i) entered into the project development
                            phase provided under subsections (d), (e), or
                            (h) of such section; or
                                (ii) has submitted a complete application
                            under subsection (u) of such section to the
                            Secretary; and
                        (B) with a project sponsor that has elected to
                    subject such application to the amendments made by
                    subsections (a) through (c).

    SEC. 3008. FORMULA GRANTS FOR ENHANCED MOBILITY OF SENIORS AND
                  INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES.

        (a) Transfer of Section 3006(b) of the Fixing America's Surface
    Transportation Act.--Section 3006(b) of the Fixing America's Surface
    Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 5310 note) is transferred to appear as
    section 5310(j) of title 49, United States Code.
        (b) Amendments.--Section 5310(j) of title 49, United States Code,
    as transferred by subsection (a), is amended--
                (1) in the subsection heading by striking ``Pilot'';
                (2) by striking paragraph (1);
                (3) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as (1)
            through (5), respectively;
                (4) in paragraph (1), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by
                    striking ``eligible recipients'' and inserting
                    ``recipients'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as
                    subparagraph (D); and
                        (D) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the
                    following new subparagraph:
                        ``(C) projects that improve access to a facility of
                    the Department of Veterans Affairs or an organization
                    or a facility that provides services to veterans using
                    funds provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs;
                    and'';
                (5) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated--
                        (A) by striking ``An eligible recipient'' and
                    inserting ``A recipient''; and
                        (B) by striking ``eligible project'' in each place
                    it occurs and inserting ``capital project'';
                (6) by striking paragraph (3), as so redesignated, and
            inserting:
                ``(3) Briefing.--Annually during the period between October
            1 and December 31, the Secretary shall brief the Committee on
            Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and
            Urban Affairs of the Senate on projects carried out during the
            most recently completed fiscal year using grant funds issued
            under this subsection, including--
                        ``(A) an evaluation of the program under this
                    subsection, including an evaluation of the specific
                    performance measures identified by each recipient
                    pursuant to paragraph (2)(D); and
                        ``(B) if applicable, a detailed description of each
                    project, including any activities therein, carried out
                    during such fiscal year using grant funds issued under
                    this subsection.'';
                (7) in paragraph (4), as so redesignated, by striking ``an
            eligible project'' in each place it occurs and inserting ``a
            capital project''; and
                (8) in paragraph (5), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code'' and inserting
            ``this chapter''.
        (c) Additional Amendments.--Section 5310 of title 49, United States
    Code, is further amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(1)(A) by striking ``special''; and
                (2) in subsection (d)(3)(B)(ii) by striking ``highways
            program'' and all that follows through the period and inserting
            ``transportation program under section 203 of title 23.''.

    SEC. 3009. FORMULA GRANTS FOR RURAL AREAS.

        Section 5311 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as
                    paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting before paragraph (2), as so
                    redesignated, the following:
                ``(1) Insular area.--The term `insular area' means the
            United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the
            Northern Mariana Islands.'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(3)(B) by striking ``5338(a)(2)(F)''
            and inserting ``5338(a)(2)(D)'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking ``section 5338(a)(2)(F)'' and
                            inserting ``section 5338(a)(2)(D)'' ;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A) by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (iii) in subparagraph (B) by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting a semicolon;
                            and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) 1 percent shall be available to carry out
                    paragraph (4); and
                        ``(D) $25,000,000 shall be set aside each fiscal
                    year to carry out the rural and insular ferry
                    competitive program under section 5339(d) as such
                    grants relate to an area described under section
                    5339(d)(2)(B).'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3)(C) by striking
                    ``5338(a)(2)(F)'' and inserting ``5338(a)(2)(D)'';
                        (C) in paragraph (4)(A) by striking ``section
                    5338(a)(2)(F) that are not apportioned under paragraph
                    (1) or (2)'' and inserting ``section 5338(a)(2)(D) that
                    are not apportioned in accordance with paragraph (1)'';
                        (D) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph
                    (5); and
                        (E) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
                ``(4) Insular area public transportation assistance
            program.--For each fiscal year, the amounts made available
            under paragraph (1)(C) shall be equally apportioned for grants
            to insular areas for any purpose eligible under this section
            under such terms and conditions as may be established by the
            Secretary.'';
                (4) in subsection (f)(1)(B) by striking ``facilities;'' and
            inserting ``facilities, which provided the project supports
            intercity bus service to or from rural areas, includes all
            portions of such facilities regardless of--
                                ``(i) the geographic area in which such
                            facilities are located; or
                                ``(ii) whether or not such facilities are
                            used exclusively for intercity bus service to
                            and from rural areas;'';
                (5) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) by striking subparagraph (E) and
                            inserting the following:
                        ``(E) notwithstanding subparagraph (D), may be
                    derived from amounts made available to carry out the
                    Federal lands transportation program established by
                    section 203 of title 23; and''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (F) by striking ``to
                            which'' and inserting ``(regardless of whether
                            such a service operates in 1 or more States) to
                            which''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) by striking ``For purposes of'' and
                            inserting ``(A) advertising and concession
                            revenues.--For purposes of''; and
                                (ii) by adding at the end the following new
                            subparagraph:
                        ``(B) In-kind match.--With respect to an amount
                    used as an in-kind match pursuant to paragraph (3)(F),
                    such amount may not be used by any other recipient of a
                    Federal award, including another Federal award under
                    this section, to satisfy an in-kind or cost-share
                    requirement for such Federal award.''; and
                (6) in subsection (j)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (B)
                            through (E) as subparagraphs (C) through (F),
                            respectively; and
                                (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (A)
                            the following:
                        ``(B) Minimum apportionment.--Notwithstanding
                    clause (i) of subparagraph (A), an Indian tribe that
                    receives an apportionment under such clause may not
                    receive less than 0.05 percent of the amount
                    apportioned under such clause.''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following new
                    paragraph:
                ``(3) Eligibility.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            law, funds apportioned pursuant to this subsection may be used
            by an Indian tribe in the same manner as a recipient of Federal
            assistance under section 5308.''.

    SEC. 3010. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.

        Section 5314 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subsection (B)(ii)--
                                        (I) by striking ``the development
                                    of'' inserting ``advance the
                                    development of''; and
                                        (II) by striking the period at the
                                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``(1) Technical
                            assistance'' and all that follows through
                            ``technical assistance; and'' and inserting the
                            following:
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may--
                        ``(A) make grants and enter into contracts,
                    cooperative agreements, and other agreements (including
                    agreements with departments, agencies, and
                    instrumentalities of the Government) to--
                                ``(i) provide technical assistance to
                            recipients of assistance under this chapter for
                            purposes of enabling recipients to--
                                        ``(I) more effectively and
                                    efficiently provide public
                                    transportation service;
                                        ``(II) administer assistance under
                                    this chapter in compliance with Federal
                                    law; and
                                        ``(III) improve public
                                    transportation; and'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking the heading and all that
                            follows through ``competitive bid process,
                            may'' and inserting ``through a competitive bid
                            process,''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``public-transportation-
                            related technical assistance under this
                            subsection'' and inserting ``technical
                            assistance under subparagraph (A)(i)'';
                        (C) by redesignating paragraph (2) as subparagraph
                    (B) of paragraph (1) (and redesignating subparagraphs
                    (A) through (I) of such paragraph as clauses (i)
                    through (ix), respectively);
                        (D) in paragraph (3)(D) by striking ``subsections
                    (b) and (c)'' and inserting ``this subsection''; and
                        (E) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as
                    paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively;
                (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
        ``(b) Transit Workforce Development Center.--
                ``(1) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a
            national transit workforce development center and award grants
            to a national nonprofit organization for purposes of supporting
            the workforce development needs of urban, suburban, Tribal, and
            rural public transportation authorities across the United
            States.
                ``(2) Duties.--In cooperation with the Secretary, public
            transportation authorities, and labor organizations
            representing public transportation workers, the center
            established under paragraph (1) shall perform the following
            duties:
                        ``(A) Improve access to on-the-job education and
                    related skills training for frontline transit workers
                    by serving as a centralized resource that provides
                    comprehensive and relevant information on--
                                ``(i) transit-related education, pathway
                            programs, and professional development
                            opportunities; or
                                ``(ii) transit-related apprenticeship,
                            scholarship, internship, and mentorship
                            programs.
                        ``(B) Develop and maintain a comprehensive
                    workforce strategy to help coordinate workforce
                    development initiatives for the frontline transit
                    workforce, including by--
                                ``(i) serving as a repository for research
                            conducted by institutions of higher education,
                            research institutions, or other stakeholders
                            regarding the transit workforce and related
                            technical and skill development;
                                ``(ii) providing a forum to support
                            collaboration and cooperation between
                            governmental, nongovernmental, and private
                            public transportation sector stakeholders
                            regarding the advancement of the frontline
                            transit workforce;
                                ``(iii) providing instructors with the
                            necessary instructional, leadership, and
                            communication skills to better educate
                            frontline transit workers;
                                ``(iv) supporting personnel or veterans of
                            the Armed Forces seeking to transition to a
                            career in public transportation; and
                                ``(v) promoting the recruitment, retention,
                            job readiness and preparation of a skilled
                            frontline workforce capable of working with new
                            and emerging technologies that serve transit
                            communities.
                        ``(C) Conduct and implement technical assistance
                    activities that promote more effective and efficient
                    training of frontline workers involved in public
                    transportation maintenance and operations.
                        ``(D) Build awareness of youth-oriented programs
                    and other robust outreach programs, including for
                    primary, secondary, and post-secondary school students
                    to enable such students to learn about public
                    transportation occupations.
                ``(3) Duty to maintain tax-exempt status.--The center
            established in paragraph (1) shall be operated in a manner and
            for purposes that qualify the center for exemption from
            taxation under the Internal Revenue Code as an organization
            described in section 501(c)(3) of such Code.
                ``(4) Political activities.--The center established in
            paragraph (1)--
                        ``(A) shall be nonpolitical and may not provide
                    financial aid or assistance to, or otherwise contribute
                    to or promote the candidacy of, any individual seeking
                    elective public office or political party; and
                        ``(B) may not engage in activities that are,
                    directly, or indirectly, intended to be or likely to be
                    perceived as advocating or influencing the legislative
                    process.'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``, as defined in
                    section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
                    U.S.C. 1001(a)), in order''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (4)(A) by inserting ``5308,
                    5311,'' after ``sections 5307,''; and
                (4) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Allocation of Funds.--Of the funds made available for each
    fiscal year under section 5338(a)(2)(F) to carry out this section--
                ``(1) 28.57 percent shall be made available to carry out
            subsection (a); and
                ``(2) 71.43 percent shall be split equally and be made
            available to carry out each of subsections (b) and (c).
        ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Armed forces.--The term `armed forces' has the
            meaning given such term in section 101 of title 10.
                ``(2) High school; secondary school.--The terms `high
            school' and `secondary school' have the meanings given such
            terms in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education
            Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
                ``(3) Institution of higher education.--The term
            `institution of higher education' has the meaning given such
            term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
            U.S.C. 1001(a)).
                ``(4) Postsecondary vocational institution.--The term
            `postsecondary vocational institution' has the meaning given
            such term in section 102(c) of the Higher Education Act of 1965
            (20 U.S.C. 1002(c)).''.

    SEC. 3011. BUS TESTING FACILITY.

        (a) In General.--Section 5318 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking the period at the end and inserting
                    ``; and'';
                        (B) by striking ``facility for'' and inserting
                    ``facility for--''
                        (C) by striking ``testing'' and inserting ``(1)
                    testing''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following new
                    paragraph:
                ``(2) in the case that a bus model is equipped with an
            automated driving system (as defined in section 31132), testing
            for the competencies described under section
            31140(b)(1)(B)(x).'';
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) by striking ``80 percent'' and inserting ``60
                    percent''; and
                        (B) by striking ``20 percent'' and inserting ``40
                    percent'';
                (3) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by inserting ``described in this section''
                            after ``model''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                            ``authorized under subsection (a)'' and
                            inserting ``maintained under subsection (a) or
                            authorized for testing pursuant to subsection
                            (g)''; and
                        (B) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
                ``(2) Bus test `pass/fail' standard.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) maintain the performance standards
                            under paragraph (1)(B)(i) that includes--
                                        ``(I) a bus model scoring system
                                    that results in a weighted, aggregate
                                    score that uses the testing categories
                                    under subsection (a); and
                                        ``(II) consideration of the
                                    relative importance of each such
                                    testing category; and
                                ``(ii) establish a `pass/fail' standard
                            that uses the aggregate score described in
                            clause (i)(I).
                        ``(B) Limitation on use of funds.--
                                ``(i) New bus models.--Amounts appropriated
                            or otherwise made available under this chapter
                            may be obligated or expended to acquire a new
                            bus model only if such model has received a
                            passing score under the standard established
                            under subparagraph (A)(ii).
                                ``(ii) Rule of interpretation.--Such a
                            passing score shall not be interpreted by any
                            person or entity as a warranty or guarantee
                            that a new bus model meet any specific
                            requirement of a purchaser.
                        ``(C) Scoring system.--The Secretary shall
                    collaborate with the bus testing facility maintained
                    under subsection (a), bus manufacturers, and transit
                    agencies to develop and update, as appropriate, the bus
                    model scoring system described in subparagraph
                    (A)(i)(I).''; and
                (4) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(g) Advanced Bus Technologies and Testing.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may, through the facility
            maintained under subsection (a), subcontract the testing of new
            bus models equipped with advanced bus technologies, including
            new bus models equipped with automated driving systems, for
            each of the testing categories and competencies listed under
            subsection (a) to a person or entity experienced in testing
            such new bus models, provided such person or entity is not a
            manufacturer of a new bus model equipped with such advanced bus
            technologies.
                ``(2) Location of testing.--The testing described in
            paragraph (1) may be conducted at a facility other than the
            facility maintained under subsection (a) if the Secretary has
            determined that the facility maintained under subsection (a)--
                        ``(A) is not equipped to test such new bus models;
                        ``(B) does not have the knowledge or expertise to
                    properly and efficiently test such new bus models; or
                        ``(C) would, due to the additional testing of such
                    new bus models, experience unreasonable delays in the
                    testing of bus models that are not equipped with
                    advanced bus technologies.
                ``(3) Savings clause.--In carrying out this subsection, the
            Secretary shall ensure that the testing of bus models without
            advanced bus technologies under this section is not adversely
            affected.''.
        (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 36 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall update part 665 of title 49,
    Code of Federal Regulations, as necessary, to implement the amendments
    made by this section.

    SEC. 3012. CRIME PREVENTION AND SECURITY.

        Section 5321 of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as
    follows:
    ``Sec. 5321. Crime prevention and security
        ``(a) Eligible Expense.--For purposes of expending financial
    assistance described under section 5307(c)(1)(J), the following
    activities and projects shall be considered by the Secretary to be an
    eligible expense:
                ``(1) A project to increase lighting in or adjacent to a
            public transportation system, including the intercity bus
            portion of a federally funded public transportation facility
            and joint-use facility (including bus stops, subway stations,
            parking lots, and garages).
                ``(2) A project to increase camera surveillance of an area
            in or adjacent to such system.
                ``(3) A project that provides an emergency telephone line
            to contact law enforcement or security personnel in an area in
            or adjacent to such system.
                ``(4) A project to improve farebox infrastructure across
            such system.
                ``(5) A project to improve the cybersecurity of such
            system.
                ``(6) A project to improve technology, including any
            hardware or software investments designed to combat or report
            crime or improve security.
                ``(7) A project intended to increase the security and
            safety of an existing or planned public transportation system.
                ``(8) A project, including a project for operating costs
            notwithstanding section 5307(a)(1)(D), related to--
                        ``(A) fare enforcement and the prevention of fare
                    evasion;
                        ``(B) hiring transit officers to police on public
                    transportation and transit stations, including in the
                    immediate vicinity of such stations;
                        ``(C) contracting with local police departments to
                    increase officer presence on public transportation
                    systems and related facilities, including in the
                    immediate vicinity of stations;
                        ``(D) hiring transit support specialists; or
                        ``(E) other activities to reduce criminal
                    activities on public transportation systems, including
                    intercity bus portions of federally funded public
                    transportation facilities and joint-use facilities.
        ``(b) Special Rule.--Not more than the lesser of the following
    amounts may be expended by a recipient under section 5307(c)(1)(J) for
    eligible expenses described in subsection (a)(8):
                ``(1) An amount equal to the amount expended for eligible
            expenses described in paragraphs (1) through (7) of subsection
            (a).
                ``(2) 1.5 percent of the amount the recipient receives for
            each fiscal year under section 5336.
        ``(c) Transit Support Specialist Defined.--In this section, the
    term `transit support specialist' means an individual who may be a non-
    sworn officer and is adequately trained to carry out a variety of
    duties designed to improve the security of public transportation
    systems through the known presence of such individual within a public
    transportation system, including physical presence aboard vehicles, and
    through engagement with the public.
        ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this chapter shall be
    construed by the Secretary to prevent the financing of a project
    described in subsection (a) in any case in which a local governmental
    authority other than the recipient has law enforcement
    responsibilities.
        ``(e) Mandatory Fare Evasion Penalties.--
                ``(1) In general.--Beginning with fiscal year 2028, the
            Secretary shall withhold 10 percent of the assistance available
            to a direct recipient, as allocated in a split letter or other
            similar determination of the annual apportionment of funds by a
            designated recipient under section 5307 for an urbanized area,
            in each fiscal year in which a State or local government is not
            in compliance with paragraph (2).
                ``(2) State or local government compliance.--A State or
            local government is not in compliance with this paragraph if
            the act of evading a fare payment for public transportation
            services on any mode of public transportation in the urbanized
            area for which a direct recipient receives assistance described
            under paragraph (1) is not either a criminal or civil offense
            under the laws of such State or local government.
                ``(3) Public transportation services in multiple
            jurisdictions.--In any case in which a direct recipient
            provides public transportation services to more than 1 State or
            jurisdiction of a local government, the Secretary shall ensure
            that the withholding of funds under paragraph (1) does not
            adversely affect any State or local government jurisdiction
            that is in compliance with the requirements of paragraph (2).
                ``(4) Rule of construction.--The Secretary may not withhold
            funds under paragraph (1) to any recipient for which all of its
            service area is covered by a State or local policy, or a
            collection of State or local policies, that is in compliance
            with paragraph (2).
                ``(5) Withholding of funds.--
                        ``(A) In general.--If the Secretary determines a
                    State or local government comes into compliance with
                    paragraph (2) in a fiscal year in which funds are
                    withheld to a direct recipient under paragraph (1), the
                    Secretary shall make the amount withheld available for
                    apportionment to the direct recipient.
                        ``(B) Lapse.--Any amounts withheld to a direct
                    recipient under paragraph (1) and not restored under
                    subparagraph (A) in a fiscal year shall lapse.''.

    SEC. 3013. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

        (a) In General.--Section 5323 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in the subparagraph heading by
                            inserting ``; notice of determination'' after
                            ``Investigations'';
                                (ii) by striking ``On receiving a complaint
                            about a violation of the agreement required
                            under'' and inserting ``Not later than 120 days
                            after the receipt of any complaint of a
                            violation of an agreement described in'';
                                (iii) by striking ``shall investigate and
                            decide whether a violation has occurred.'' and
                            inserting ``shall--
                                ``(i) investigate such complaint; and
                                ``(ii) provide, in writing, to the
                            individual that filed the complaint and the
                            recipient of financial assistance alleged to
                            have violated such an agreement or a regulation
                            prescribed in accordance with this section, the
                            determination of the Secretary with respect
                            to--
                                        ``(I) whether the recipient of such
                                    assistance violated this section or a
                                    regulation prescribed in accordance
                                    with this section;
                                        ``(II) the facts underlying the
                                    complaint; and
                                        ``(III) any action the Secretary is
                                    taking in response to the complaint.'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``remedy
                    specified in the agreement'' and inserting ``action the
                    Secretary takes to remedy a violation of an agreement
                    described in paragraph (1)'';
                        (C) by striking subparagraph (B); and
                        (D) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as
                    subparagraph (B);
                (2) in subsection (e)(1) by inserting ``5308,'' after
            ``5307,'';
                (3) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) in the heading by striking ``Schoolbus'' and
                    inserting ``School Bus''; and
                        (B) by striking ``schoolbus'' each place it appears
                    and inserting ``school bus'';
                (4) in subsection (i)(1)(A)--
                        (A) by striking ``acquiring vehicles'' and
                    inserting ``acquiring vehicles or vessels'';
                        (B) by striking ``et seq.) or'' and inserting ``et
                    seq.), with''; and
                        (C) by striking ``is for 85 percent'' and all that
                    follows through the period and inserting ``, or as an
                    eligible project (as defined in section 5339(e)(2))
                    under section 5339 of this chapter is for 90 percent of
                    the net project cost.'';
                (5) in subsection (j)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A) by inserting ``and not
                    later than 180 days after the date on which an
                    applicant submits a request to the Secretary to waive
                    the requirements of paragraph (1)'' after ``paragraph
                    (2)'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) by striking ``Not later than 1 year
                            after the date of enactment of the Federal
                            Public Transportation Act of 2012, and annually
                            thereafter, the'' and inserting the following:
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as otherwise
                            provided in clause (ii), the'';
                                (ii) by inserting ``, on an annual basis,''
                            after ``shall'';
                                (iii) by striking ``a report listing any
                            waiver'' and inserting ``a report listing--
                                        ``(I) any waiver'';
                                (iv) by striking the period at the end and
                            inserting ``; and''; and
                                (v) by adding at the end the following:
                                        ``(II) any extensions of an
                                    application to waive the requirements
                                    described in paragraph (1) and the
                                    rationale as to why a determination
                                    requires additional time consider prior
                                    to issuing a written determination.
                                ``(ii) Exception.--In the event the
                            Secretary issues fewer than 3 or no waivers
                            provided for under paragraph (2) during the
                            preceding year, the Secretary may brief the
                            Committees described in clause (i) in lieu of
                            submitting a report under such clause.'';
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as
                    subparagraph (C); and
                        (D) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
                    following:
                        ``(B) Extension.--If, upon review of the facts and
                    status of an application to waive the requirements
                    described in paragraph (1), the Secretary determines
                    that the time provided to make a written determination
                    is insufficient, the Secretary may approve an extension
                    of such determination deadline by not more than 6
                    months.'';
                (6) in subsection (r)--
                        (A) by striking ``A recipient'' and inserting ``(1)
                    In general.--A recipient''; and
                        (B) by striking ``In determining'' and all that
                    follows through the period at the end and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(2) Requirements.--In determining reasonable access under
            paragraph (1), a recipient of assistance shall--
                        ``(A) consider capacity requirements of the
                    recipient of assistance and the extent to which access
                    would be detrimental to existing public transportation
                    services; and
                        ``(B) not later than 90 days after receiving a
                    request for access to such facility from a private
                    intercity or charter transportation operator--
                                ``(i) provide a written response to the
                            requestor; and
                                ``(ii) simultaneously provide a copy of
                            such response to the Secretary.
                ``(3) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection shall be
            construed to--
                        ``(A) limit the authority of the Secretary to act
                    as otherwise authorized by law to ensure proper use of,
                    and authorize access to, federally funded public
                    transportation facilities; or
                        ``(B) require a recipient of federal assistance
                    under this chapter to fund special facilities for
                    private intercity or charter operators.'';
                (7) in subsection (u)--
                        (A) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and
                    inserting the following:
                ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Covered entity.--The term `covered entity'
                    means an entity (including a corporation, partnership,
                    association, organization, or other entity)--
                                ``(i) the principal place of business of
                            which is in a covered nation;
                                ``(ii) that is headquartered in,
                            incorporated in, or otherwise organized under
                            the laws of a covered nation;
                                ``(iii) that, regardless of where the
                            entity is organized or doing business, is owned
                            or controlled by a covered nation or covered
                            individual, including circumstances in which a
                            covered individual possesses the power to
                            determine, direct, or decide matters affecting
                            the entity--
                                        ``(I) through--
                                                ``(aa) the ownership of a
                                            majority of the total
                                            outstanding voting interest in
                                            the entity;
                                                ``(bb) board
                                            representation;
                                                ``(cc) proxy voting;
                                                ``(dd) a special share;
                                                ``(ee) contractual
                                            arrangements;
                                                ``(ff) formal or informal
                                            arrangements to act in concert;
                                            or
                                                ``(gg) other means; and
                                        ``(II) regardless of whether the
                                    power is--
                                                ``(aa) direct; or
                                                ``(bb) exercised or
                                            unexercised;
                                ``(iv) is owned or controlled by a
                            subsidiary or affiliate of an entity described
                            in clause (i), (ii), or (iii), or that is the
                            majority owner of a joint venture with an
                            entity described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii);
                                ``(v) is a manufacturer from which the
                            procurement of rolling stock was ever
                            prohibited under this subsection; or
                                ``(vi) is an owner of, successor of,
                            subsidiary of, or affiliate of a manufacturer
                            described in clause (v), or is the majority
                            owner of a joint venture with such a
                            manufacturer.
                        ``(B) Covered funding.--The term `covered funding'
                    means any financial assistance administered in
                    accordance with the requirements of this chapter.
                        ``(C) Covered individual.--The term `covered
                    individual' means any individual, wherever located--
                                ``(i) whose activities are directly or
                            supervised, directed, controlled, financed, or
                            subsidized, in whole or in majority part, by a
                            covered nation or covered entity;
                                ``(ii) who acts as an agent,
                            representative, or employee of a covered nation
                            or an individual described in clause (i);
                                ``(iii) who acts in any other capacity at
                            the order of, at the request of, or under the
                            direction or control of a covered nation or an
                            individual described in clause (i); or
                                ``(iv) who--
                                        ``(I) is a citizen or resident of a
                                    covered nation or a country controlled
                                    by a covered nation; and
                                        ``(II) is not a citizen or
                                    permanent resident of the United
                                    States.
                        ``(D) Covered nation.--The term `covered nation'
                    has the meaning given the term in section 4872(d) of
                    title 10.
                        ``(E) Covered vehicle.--The term `covered vehicle'
                    means rolling stock that--
                                ``(i) is produced or provided by a covered
                            entity included on the list developed under
                            paragraph (2)(B); or
                                ``(ii) incorporates an electric power train
                            manufactured or provided by a covered entity
                            included on the list developed under paragraph
                            (2)(B).
                        ``(F) Electric power train.--The term `electric
                    power train' has the meaning given the term in section
                    571.305 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (as in
                    effect on the date of enactment of the BUILD America
                    250 Act).
                ``(2) Prohibition.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (C), on
                    and after the date of enactment of the BUILD America
                    250 Act, the Secretary may not award or obligate
                    covered funding--
                                ``(i) for a contract or subcontract for the
                            procurement of a covered vehicle; or
                                ``(ii) for the construction, installation,
                            or maintenance of infrastructure to fuel or
                            charge a covered vehicle that is a bus, if the
                            applicable covered vehicle is procured under a
                            contract or subcontract executed on or after
                            the date of enactment of the BUILD America 250
                            Act.
                        ``(B) List of covered entities.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Not later than 30 days
                            after the date of enactment of the BUILD
                            America 250 Act, the United States Trade
                            Representative, in consultation with the
                            Attorney General and the Secretary, shall make
                            publicly available, including on a publicly
                            accessible website, a list of covered entities
                            that produce or provide--
                                        ``(I) rolling stock to which the
                                    prohibition under subparagraph (A)
                                    applies; or
                                        ``(II) electric power trains the
                                    incorporation of which into rolling
                                    stock would render the rolling stock
                                    subject to the prohibition under
                                    subparagraph (A).
                                ``(ii) Updates.--The United States Trade
                            Representative shall update the list required
                            under clause (i)--
                                        ``(I) based on information provided
                                    to the United States Trade
                                    Representative by the Attorney General
                                    and the Secretary; and
                                        ``(II) not less frequently than--
                                                ``(aa) once every 90 days
                                            during the 180-day period
                                            beginning on the date of
                                            initial publication of the list
                                            under such clause; and
                                                ``(bb) annually thereafter.
                        ``(C) Exception.--Notwithstanding subparagraph (A),
                    the Secretary may procure a covered vehicle or
                    construct, install, or maintain infrastructure to fuel
                    or charge a covered vehicle for purposes of--
                                ``(i) the inspection or investigation of a
                            motor vehicle or equipment; or
                                ``(ii) motor vehicle safety research,
                            development, or testing.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (4) by striking ``paragraph (1)''
                    each place it appears and inserting ``paragraph (2)'';
                        (C) in paragraph (5)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking ``This subsection,
                                    including the'' and inserting ``The'';
                                        (II) by striking ``(4),'' and
                                    inserting ``(4)'';
                                        (III) by inserting ``that does not
                                    utilize covered funds'' after
                                    ``subcontract'';
                                        (IV) by striking ``rail rolling
                                    stock manufacturer described in
                                    paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``covered
                                    entity'';
                                        (V) by striking ``the
                                    manufacturer'' and inserting ``the
                                    covered entity''; and
                                        (VI) by striking ``date of
                                    enactment of this subsection'' and
                                    inserting ``date of enactment of the
                                    BUILD America 250 Act'';
                                (ii) by striking subparagraph (B) and
                            inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Contract completion.--Notwithstanding
                    paragraph (2), covered funds may be obligated for a
                    contract or subcontract that was eligible for
                    assistance under this chapter under the provisions of
                    this subsection prior to the date of enactment of the
                    BUILD America 250 Act until the delivery of rolling
                    stock is complete under such contract and throughout
                    the completion of all contract warranties under such
                    contract.''; and
                                (iii) by striking subparagraph (C); and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Severability.--If any provision of this subsection,
            or the application of this subsection to any person or
            circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional or otherwise
            invalid, the remainder of this subsection, and the application
            of the provision to any other person or circumstance, shall not
            be affected.''; and
                (8) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(w) Bus Procurement Assessment and Maximum Federal Payment.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) immediately upon enactment of this subsection
                    and at least once every 5 years thereafter, carry out a
                    review of--
                                ``(i) all applicable Federal laws and
                            policies relating to the procurement of bus
                            rolling stock by a recipient of Federal
                            assistance under this chapter, including
                            policies, processes, and procedures relating to
                            such procurement set forth by the Federal
                            Transit Administration; and
                                ``(ii) relevant awards to recipients of
                            such assistance that resulted in completed
                            procurement of bus rolling stock for use in
                            public transportation within the most recent 5
                            years, including a comparative analysis of
                            vehicle components, designs, use of performance
                            specifications in contracting, use of State and
                            local purchasing schedules, and total costs
                            associated with the procurement of such
                            vehicles;
                        ``(B) update, as necessary, policies, processes,
                    procedures, administrative guidance, and best practices
                    of the Secretary to ensure the timely, cost-effective,
                    and efficient procurement of bus rolling stock by a
                    recipient of such assistance; and
                        ``(C) beginning in fiscal year 2029, and on an
                    annual basis thereafter, publish a schedule listing the
                    maximum amounts of Federal funds that may be used by a
                    recipient, on a per unit basis and notwithstanding the
                    applicable Federal cost share, to procure different
                    combinations of propulsion types and lengths of bus
                    rolling stock, as such amounts are determined under
                    paragraph (2).
                ``(2) Maximum federal payment amount.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Each maximum federal payment
                    amount published by the Secretary in accordance with
                    paragraph (1)(C) and allowed to be used in the
                    procurement of bus rolling stock by a recipient of
                    Federal assistance shall--
                                ``(i) account for all applicable Federal
                            procurement laws and administrative policies;
                                ``(ii) not be construed to constrain the
                            price of such bus rolling stock that a
                            recipient of federal assistance may procure
                            using non-Federal funds; and
                                ``(iii) ensure the procurement of safe and
                            reliable bus rolling stock for use in public
                            transportation.
                        ``(B) Maximum federal payment formula.--For each
                    unique combination of vehicle length and propulsion
                    type for which bus rolling stock is commercially
                    available, the maximum federal payment shall equal an
                    amount according to the following formulas:
                                ``(i) Fiscal year 2029.--For fiscal year
                            2029, the maximum Federal payment amount shall
                            equal the average of all of the products of 80
                            percent multiplied by the price of each
                            procurement for a bus rolling stock combination
                            of similar propulsion type and vehicle length
                            procured within the most recent 5 years.
                                ``(ii) Fiscal year 2030.--For fiscal year
                            2030, the maximum Federal payment amount shall
                            equal the average of all of the products of 75
                            percent multiplied by the price of each
                            procurement for a bus rolling stock combination
                            of similar propulsion type and vehicle length
                            procured within the most recent 5 years.
                                ``(iii) Fiscal year 2031.--For fiscal year
                            2031 and in each fiscal year thereafter, the
                            maximum Federal payment amount shall equal the
                            average of all of the products of 70 percent
                            multiplied by the price of each procurement for
                            a bus rolling stock combination of similar
                            propulsion type and vehicle length procured
                            within the most recent 5 years.
                ``(3) Special rules for maximum federal payment schedule.--
                        ``(A) Publish date.--The schedule described in
                    paragraph (1)(C) shall be published not later than
                    October 1 of each year in which the maximum Federal
                    payment amount is in effect pursuant to the formulas in
                    paragraph (2)(B).
                        ``(B) Requirement.--The schedule described in
                    paragraph (1)(C) shall include a maximum Federal
                    payment amount for each unique combination of
                    propulsion type and vehicle length for which bus
                    rolling stock is commercially available.
                        ``(C) Failure to publish.--In the event the
                    Secretary fails to publish the schedule described in
                    paragraph (1)(C) by the date provided under
                    subparagraph (A), the most recently published schedule
                    shall remain in effect, adjusted for inflation based on
                    the Producer Price Index prepared by the Department of
                    Labor.
                        ``(D) Failure to publish all commercially available
                    combinations.--A schedule that omits a maximum Federal
                    payment amount for any combination of propulsion type
                    and vehicle length of bus rolling stock that is
                    commercially available shall be considered incomplete
                    and subject to paragraph (C).
                ``(4) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection shall
            limit the authority of the Secretary to apply the applicable
            Federal cost share for an award made under this chapter as such
            cost share applies to an award for purposes of procuring or
            purchasing bus rolling stock.
                ``(5) Report to congress.--The Secretary shall issue a
            report to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
            the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking,
            Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate on the results of each
            review required under paragraph (1)(A).
                ``(6) State purchasing schedule.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding paragraph
                    (1)(C), the Secretary shall exempt a recipient of
                    financial assistance under this chapter from being
                    subject to the maximum Federal payment amount relating
                    to the procurement of a unit of bus rolling stock if--
                                ``(i) the recipient of such assistance--
                                        ``(I) procures a unit or more of
                                    bus rolling stock using a State
                                    Cooperative Procurement Schedule
                                    pursuant to section 3019 of the FAST
                                    Act (Public Law 114-94); and
                                        ``(II) such cooperative procurement
                                    schedule ensures the procurement
                                    complies with applicable Federal
                                    procurement laws and administrative
                                    policies, including subsections (j) and
                                    (u) of this section; and
                                ``(ii) the cooperative procurement schedule
                            described in clause (i)--
                                        ``(I) allows a recipient to select
                                    from a State-developed schedule of
                                    standardized vehicle models;
                                        ``(II) reduces or eliminates
                                    vehicle customization options for the
                                    recipient, except for vehicle
                                    modifications based on performance
                                    specifications (as defined under
                                    section 5325(f)(3)); and
                                        ``(III) in the estimation of the
                                    recipient, reduces the per unit cost of
                                    bus rolling stock for the combination
                                    of propulsion type and vehicle length
                                    being procured below what such
                                    recipient would otherwise expect to pay
                                    through a standalone procurement.
                        ``(B) Technical assistance.--The Secretary shall
                    provide technical assistance to a State that seeks to
                    develop a State Cooperative Procurement Schedule
                    pursuant to section 3019 of the FAST Act (Public Law
                    114-94).
                        ``(C) Joint procurement clearinghouse.--The
                    Secretary shall maintain an updated list of State
                    Cooperative Procurement Schedules that comply with the
                    requirements under subparagraph (A) on the joint
                    procurement clearinghouse established pursuant to
                    section 3019(b)(4) of the FAST Act (Public Law 114-94).
        ``(x) Advanced Payments for Bus Rolling Stock.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any provision of this
            chapter or part 200 of title 2, Code of Federal Regulations, or
            any successor regulation, a recipient may use assistance made
            available under this chapter to make an advance payment on a
            bus rolling stock vehicle without the transit vehicle
            manufacturer obtaining a performance bond or similar financial
            arrangement.
                ``(2) Requirements for advanced payment.--A recipient may
            make an advance payment under paragraph (1) only if--
                        ``(A) such recipient has a signed purchase order
                    and executed contract with a transit vehicle
                    manufacturer that includes advance payment provisions;
                        ``(B) the grant with respect to which such payment
                    is being made has received preaward authority pursuant
                    to subsection (m); and
                        ``(C) in the case of an advance payment for bus
                    rolling stock, such model meets the requirements of
                    section 5318(e).
                ``(3) Limitation on advanced payment.--A recipient may not
            make an advanced payment under paragraph (1) that is more than
            20 percent of the total purchase order value.''.
        (b) Reasonable Access Standard.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish and make
            publicly available a reasonable access standard to ensure
            recipients of assistance under chapter 53 of title 49, United
            States Code, comply with the requirements of section 5323 of
            such chapter.
                (2) Consultation.--In carrying out this subsection, the
            Secretary shall consult with, and solicit feedback from,
            industry stakeholders and recipients of such assistance,
            including representatives from--
                        (A) public transportation agencies;
                        (B) private intercity bus operators;
                        (C) charter operators;
                        (D) federally funded public transportation
                    facilities; and
                        (E) other stakeholders the Secretary considers
                    appropriate.
                (3) Briefing.--Not later than 90 days after publishing the
            standard required by this subsection, the Secretary shall brief
            the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House
            of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and
            Urban Affairs of the Senate on the contents of such standard.

    SEC. 3014. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY RELIEF PROGRAM.

        Section 5324 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)(1) by striking ``to carry'' and
            inserting ``or otherwise made available to carry''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(g) Period of Availability.--
                ``(1) In general.--Any amounts made available to an
            applicant after the date of enactment of the BUILD America 250
            Act to carry out a project under this section--
                        ``(A) shall remain available for not more than 5
                    fiscal years after the fiscal year for which the amount
                    is made available; and
                        ``(B) that remain unobligated at the end of the
                    period described in subparagraph (A) shall be recouped
                    by the Secretary to remain available for future
                    applicants.
                ``(2) Extension.--The Secretary may extend the period of
            availability under paragraph (1)(A) if an insurance claim made
            by an applicant related to a project that has received funding
            under this section has not been settled within the period
            provided under paragraph (1)(A).''.

    SEC. 3015. CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS.

        Section 5325(f) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph
            (1) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively;
                (2) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as
            subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                (3) by striking ``A recipient'' and inserting ``(1) In
            general.--A recipient''; and
                (4) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Performance specifications in competitive procurement
            for bus rolling stock.--A recipient of financial assistance
            under this chapter that enters into a contract pursuant to
            paragraph (1)(B) for purposes of procuring bus rolling stock
            shall, to the maximum extent practicable, utilize performance
            specifications in the procurement process to acquire bus
            rolling stock.
                ``(3) Performance specifications defined.--In this
            subsection, the term `performance specifications'--
                        ``(A) means specifications--
                                ``(i) based on the function and performance
                            of bus rolling stock under specified
                            conditions, and such specifications may include
                            useful life, reliability in terms of average
                            intervals between failure, and capacity; and
                                ``(ii) that comply with the procurement
                            process referenced in paragraph (1)(B); and
                        ``(B) may include additional criteria as the
                    criteria described in subparagraph (A), as determined
                    by a recipient of Federal assistance in a competitive
                    procurement process.''.

    SEC. 3016. TRANSIT ASSET MANAGEMENT.

        (a) In General.--Section 5326 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended to read as follows:
    ``Sec. 5326. Transit asset management
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall maintain--
                ``(1) a national transit asset management system for
            purposes of monitoring and managing public transportation
            capital assets to enhance safety, reduce maintenance costs,
            increase reliability, and improve performance of public
            transportation systems; and
                ``(2) objective standards for measuring the condition of
            capital assets of recipients, including equipment, rolling
            stock, infrastructure, and facilities, for purposes of
            determining state of good repair.
        ``(b) Requirements.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary
    shall require a transit provider to--
                ``(1) develop a transit asset management plan;
                ``(2) not less frequently than once per fiscal year in
            which the transit provider receives Federal assistance--
                        ``(A) establish performance targets with respect to
                    the state of good repair standards prescribed by the
                    Secretary under part 625 of title 49, Code of Federal
                    Regulations (or any successor regulation);
                        ``(B) submit to the Secretary a data report that
                    details--
                                ``(i) condition information for all assets
                            of the public transportation system of such
                            provider; and
                                ``(ii) the performance targets established
                            pursuant to subparagraph (A) for the subsequent
                            fiscal year; and
                        ``(C) submit to the Secretary a narrative report
                    that--
                                ``(i) describes any change in the condition
                            of the public transportation system from the
                            year immediately preceding the year for which
                            the report is submitted; and
                                ``(ii) describes the progress made during
                            the period covered by the report toward meeting
                            each performance target established by the
                            transit provider pursuant to subparagraph (B)
                            with respect to such period; and
                ``(3) report any additional information the Secretary
            determines appropriate to demonstrate compliance with the state
            of good repair standards prescribed by the Secretary under part
            625 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor
            regulation).
        ``(c) Transit Asset Management for Certain Transit Providers.--For
    purposes of complying with the requirements under subsection (b), a
    tier II provider may, at the discretion of the Secretary, coordinate
    with a sponsor.
        ``(d) Support Tools and Technical Assistance.--In carrying out this
    section, the Secretary shall--
                ``(1) develop an analytical process or decision support
            tool for use by a transit provider subject to the requirements
            of subsection (b) that--
                        ``(A) aids in estimating the amount of capital
                    investment needed for a public transportation system
                    over time;
                        ``(B) assists with asset investment prioritization
                    within a public transportation system; and
                        ``(C) enables continuous monitoring of capital
                    assets and the real-time performance of such assets;
                ``(2) provide technical assistance to such providers; and
                ``(3) maintain, and periodically update, a transit asset
            management system guide to foster consistency in transit system
            asset management practices by such providers.
        ``(e)  Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Sponsor.--The term `sponsor' means a State, a
            designated recipient, or a direct recipient that develops a
            group transportation asset management plan on behalf of at
            least 1 tier II provider.
                ``(2) Tier ii provider.--The term `tier II provider' has
            the meaning prescribed by part 625.5 of title 49, Code of
            Federal Regulations, or any successor regulation.
                ``(3) Transit asset management system.--The term `transit
            asset management system' means a strategic and systematic
            process of operating, maintaining, and improving public
            transportation capital assets effectively throughout the life
            cycle of such assets.
                ``(4) Transit provider.--The term `transit provider' means
            a recipient or subrecipient of Federal financial assistance
            under this chapter that owns, operates, or manages capital
            assets used in providing public transportation.''.
        (b) Savings Clause.--The amendments made by this section to section
    5326 of title 49, United States Code, shall not be construed by the
    Secretary to--
                (1) require any updates to the regulations promulgated in
            part 625 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, (or any
            successor regulation) for purposes of administering such
            section, as amended; and
                (2) impose any requirements on a tier II provider (as such
            term is prescribed by part 625.5 of title 49, Code of Federal
            Regulations, or any successor regulation) that is in addition
            to the requirements imposed on such a provider under such part,
            as of the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 3017. PROJECT MANAGEMENT OVERSIGHT.

        Section 5327 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(12) by striking ``quarterly'' and
            inserting ``annually''; and
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``section
                    5338(f)'' and all that follows through the semicolon
                    and inserting ``section 5338(c) that excludes--
                        ``(A) a project to maintain or rehabilitate a
                    vehicle; or
                        ``(B) a project with an estimated total cost of
                    less than $1,000,000,000 except if the Secretary
                    determines project management oversight will benefit
                    the Federal Government or the recipient;''; and
                        (B) by striking ``quarterly'' in each place it
                    appears and inserting ``annual''.

    SEC. 3018. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SAFETY PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 5329 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
        ``(a) Definition of Recipient.--In this section, the term
    `recipient' means a State or local governmental authority, or any other
    operator of a public transportation system, that receives financial
    assistance under this chapter.'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``create and
                    implement'' and inserting ``maintain'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking ``include'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A) by inserting
                            ``include'' before ``safety performance
                            criteria'';
                                (iii) by striking subparagraph (B) and
                            inserting the following:
                        ``(B) consider transit asset management plans,
                    including the state of good repair of capital assets,
                    as such plans relate to the safety performance of
                    public transportation systems;'';
                                (iv) in subparagraph (C) by inserting
                            ``include'' before ``minimum safety
                            performance'';
                                (v) in subparagraph (D) by inserting
                            ``provide information sources on'' before
                            ``precautionary and reactive'';
                                (vi) in subparagraph (E) by inserting
                            ``establish voluntary'' before ``minimum safety
                            standards to ensure'';
                                (vii) in subparagraph (F) by striking ``a
                            public'' and inserting ``provide information
                            sources on the public''; and
                                (viii) in subparagraph (G) by striking
                            ``consideration, where appropriate, of'' and
                            inserting ``encourage, where appropriate,'';
                            and
                        (C) in paragraph (3) by striking ``under paragraph
                    (1) as necessary'' and all that follows through the
                    period at the end and inserting ``described in
                    paragraph (1) at least once every 5 years.'';
                (3) in subsection (c) by striking ``establish'' and all
            that follows through the period at the end and inserting
            ``maintain a public transportation safety certification
            training program and curriculum for--
                ``(1) Federal and State employees, or other designated
            personnel, who conduct safety audits and examinations of public
            transportation systems; and
                ``(2) employees of public transportation agencies directly
            responsible for safety oversight.'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking ``Each recipient or State, as
                            described in paragraph (3), shall certify that
                            the recipient or State'' and inserting ``Except
                            as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), each
                            recipient shall certify that such recipient'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking
                            ``cooperation'' and inserting ``consultation'';
                            and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (I)--
                                        (I) by redesignating clauses (i)
                                    and (ii) as subclauses (I) and (II),
                                    respectively;
                                        (II) by striking ``operations to
                                    improve safety by reducing'' and
                                    inserting ``operations to--
                                ``(i) improve workplace safety for
                            frontline employees by reducing'';
                                        (III) in subclause (II), as so
                                    redesignated, by striking the period
                                    and inserting a semicolon; and
                                        (IV) by adding at the end the
                                    following:
                                ``(ii) improve passenger safety system-
                            wide, including through a reduction in the
                            number and rates of assaults and other violent
                            crimes on transit passengers while onboard
                            public transportation vehicles and in public
                            transportation facilities, including intercity
                            bus portions of such facilities and joint-use
                            facilities where appropriate; and
                                ``(iii) mitigate fare evasion system-wide,
                            to the greatest extent practicable.'';
                        (B) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and
                    inserting the following:
                ``(2) PTASP drafting and certification for small public
            transportation providers.--A State shall draft and certify an
            agency safety plan described in this subsection on behalf of
            any small public transportation provider (as defined in part
            673.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations) that is in that
            State unless such small public transportation provider notifies
            the State of intent to draft and certify an agency safety plan
            specific to such provider.
                ``(3) Certain exempt operators.--This subsection shall not
            apply to an operator of a public transportation system that--
                        ``(A) only receives Federal financial assistance
                    under section 5310 or 5311; and
                        ``(B) does not operate a rail fixed guideway public
                    transportation system.''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) by striking ``rolling average of'' and
                            all that follows through the period at the end
                            and inserting ``rolling average of--
                                ``(i) the data submitted by the recipient
                            to the national transit database under section
                            5335; and
                                ``(ii) any other data related to system
                            operations and revenues, as such data pertains
                            to the safety of the transit system, captured
                            by the recipient.'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``0.75
                            percent'' and inserting ``1 percent''; and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (D) by striking
                            ``including modifications to rolling stock and
                            de-escalation training.'' and inserting
                            ``including modifications to--
                                ``(i) rolling stock;
                                ``(ii) farebox infrastructure; and
                                ``(iii) de-escalation training.'';
                (5) in subsection (e)(3) by striking ``In order to obligate
            funds apportioned under section 5338 to carry out this chapter,
            effective 3 years after the date on which a final rule under
            this subsection becomes effective'' and inserting ``For
            purposes of obligating Federal assistance pursuant to this
            chapter''; and
                (6) in subsection (i) by striking ``consult with the'' and
            inserting ``obtain the concurrence of the''.
        (b) Regulations; Guidance.--Not later than 36 months after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue or update such
    regulations and guidance as may be necessary to implement the
    amendments made by this section.

    SEC. 3019. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.

        Section 5334 of title 49, United States Code, is amended in
    subsection (h)(4)(B)(ii)(II)(bb) by striking the period at the end and
    inserting ``, except the recipient may retain such amounts if the
    recipient or a subrecipient certify to the Secretary that the amounts
    will be used in a capital project under section 5307, 5308, 5310, or
    5311.''.

    SEC. 3020. NATIONAL TRANSIT DATABASE.

        (a) In General.--Section 5335 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended to read as follows:
    ``Sec. 5335. National transit database
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall maintain a reporting system,
    using a uniform system of accounts, to help meet the needs of
    individual public transportation systems, the Federal Government, State
    and local governments, and the public, as such needs relate to having
    access to adequate information on which to base public transportation
    service planning.
        ``(b) Information Required.--The reporting system described in
    subsection (a) shall--
                ``(1) use uniform categories to accumulate public
            transportation--
                        ``(A) financial information;
                        ``(B) operating information;
                        ``(C) geographic service area coverage information;
                    and
                        ``(D) asset condition information; and
                ``(2) contain appropriate information, as determined by the
            Secretary, to aid Federal, State, or local governmental
            authorities in making a public sector investment decisions.
        ``(c) Required Reporters.--The Secretary shall subject a recipient
    of Federal financial assistance pursuant to sections 5307 and 5311, and
    any person receiving benefits directly from such assistance, to the
    requirements of this section.
        ``(d) Data Required To Be Reported.--The Secretary shall, at a
    minimum, require a recipient described in subsection (c) to report for
    inclusion in the national transit database the following information:
                ``(1) Information relating to a transit asset inventory or
            condition assessment conducted by the recipient.
                ``(2) Data on assaults on transit workers of the recipient.
                ``(3) Data on fatalities that result from an impact with a
            bus.
                ``(4) Information relating to a public transportation
            system's revenue loss because of fare evasion for each mode.
                ``(5) Data on assaults and other violent crimes on transit
            passengers while onboard public transportation vehicles and in
            public transportation facilities.''.
        (b) Savings Clause.--The amendment made by this section to section
    5335 of title 49, United States Code, shall not be construed by the
    Secretary to impose any requirements on reduced reporters, including
    voluntary reporters, that are additional to requirements imposed on
    such reporters as of the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 3021. APPORTIONMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR URBANIZED AREA FORMULA
                  GRANTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 5336 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in the section heading by inserting ``urbanized area''
            before ``formula'';
                (2) in subsection (a) by striking ``subsection (h)(5)'' and
            inserting ``subsection (h)(6)'';
                (3) in subsection (b)(2)(E) by striking ``section
            5337(c)(3)'' and inserting ``section 5337(b)(3)'';
                (4) in subsection (d)(1) by striking ``section
            5338(a)(2)(C)'' and inserting ``section 5338(a)(2)(B)'';
                (5) in subsection (f) by striking ``section 5311(c)(3)'' in
            each place it occurs and inserting ``section 5311(c)(5)'';
                (6) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
                    striking ``section 5338(a)(2)(C)'' and inserting
                    ``section 5338(a)(2)(B)'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``$30,000,000'' and
                            inserting ``$125,000,000''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``section 5307(h)'' and
                            inserting ``the competitive passenger ferry
                            grants in section 5339(d) as such grants relate
                            to an area described under section
                            5339(d)(2)(A)'';
                        (C) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (5) as
                    paragraphs (3) through (6), respectively;
                        (D) by inserting before paragraph (3), as so
                    redesignated, the following:
                ``(2) $400,000,000 shall be set aside each fiscal year to
            carry out the all stations accessibility program under section
            5307(h)'';'';
                        (E) in paragraph (4), as so redesignated, by
                    striking ``3 percent'' and inserting ``5 percent''; and
                        (F) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated, by
                    striking ``and (4)'' and inserting ``(4), and (5)'';
                (7) in subsection (i)(2)(A) by striking ``subsection
            (h)(3)'' and inserting ``subsection (h)(4)'';
                (8) in subsection (j) by striking ``subsection (h)(2)'' and
            inserting ``subsection (h)(3)''; and
                (9) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(k) All Stations Accessibility Required.--
                ``(1) In general.--In addition to the amounts required to
            be expended under section 5307(c)(1)(K), beginning on October
            1, 2028, the Secretary shall, on an annual basis, determine, as
            applicable, the amount under paragraph (2) that a direct
            recipient shall expend on covered projects from the total
            amount made available to the relevant direct recipient pursuant
            to the formulas in this section to carry out section 5307.
                ``(2) Amount for covered projects.--A direct recipient that
            allocates assistance made available under section 5307 to an
            inaccessible rail fixed guideway public transportation system
            that is determined by the Secretary to have, with respect to
            all stations or facilities for passenger use that are under the
            direct control of the direct recipient--
                        ``(A) 30 percent or fewer of such stations or
                    facilities that are covered stations or facilities for
                    passenger use, the direct recipient shall expend 3
                    percent of the total amount of such assistance made
                    available to the direct recipient;
                        ``(B) between 31 and 50 percent of such stations or
                    facilities that are covered stations or facilities for
                    passenger use, the direct recipient shall expend 4
                    percent of the total amount of such assistance made
                    available to the direct recipient; or
                        ``(C) more than 51 percent of such stations or
                    facilities that are covered stations or facilities for
                    passenger use, the direct recipient shall expend 5
                    percent of the total amount of such assistance made
                    available to the direct recipient.
                ``(3) Briefing to congress.--Not less frequently than
            annually, the Secretary shall brief the Committee on
            Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and
            Urban Affairs of the Senate on--
                        ``(A) the status and types of covered projects
                    initiated by direct recipients using amounts determined
                    under paragraph (2); and
                        ``(B) any other information the Secretary
                    determines relevant.
                ``(4) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Covered project.--The term `covered project'
                    means a capital project to further meet or exceed the
                    requirements described in part 37 or part 38 of title
                    49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                        ``(B) Covered station or facility for passenger
                    use.--The term `covered station or facility for
                    passenger use' means a station or facility--
                                ``(i) construction of which began before
                            January 26, 1992;
                                ``(ii) which the Secretary determines has
                            not been made accessible to and usable by
                            persons with disabilities, including
                            individuals who use wheelchairs; and
                                ``(iii) which is in use for the provision
                            of a rail fixed guideway public transportation.
                        ``(C) Direct recipient.--The term `direct
                    recipient' means a public entity that receives funding
                    directly from the Federal Transit Administration to
                    carry out grants in urbanized areas pursuant to section
                    5307, which may include a designated recipient.
                        ``(D) Inaccessible rail fixed guideway public
                    transportation system.--The term `inaccessible rail
                    fixed guideway public transportation system' means a
                    rail fixed guideway public transportation system with
                    at least 1 covered station or facility for passenger
                    use.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 53 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    5336 and inserting the following:

    ``5336. Apportionment of appropriations for urbanized area formula
                                grants.''.

    SEC. 3022. STATE OF GOOD REPAIR GRANTS.

        Section 5337 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (a);
                (2) in subsection (b)(1)--
                        (A) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting
                    ``For purposes of ensuring the safety of public
                    transportation systems, the Secretary''; and
                        (B) by striking ``to maintain public transportation
                    systems'' and inserting ``to maintain such public
                    transportation systems'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``authorized or'';
                    and
                        (B) in paragraph (4) to read as follows:
                ``(4) Limitation.--The share of the total amount
            apportioned under this subsection that is apportioned to an
            area under this subsection shall not decrease by more than 0.25
            percentage points compared to the share apportioned to the area
            under this subsection in the previous fiscal year.'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2) by striking ``authorized or'';
                    and
                        (B) in paragraph (5) by striking ``subsection
                    (b)(1)'' and inserting ``subsection (a)(1)'';
                (5) by striking subsection (f); and
                (6) by redesignating subsections (b) through (e), as
            amended, as subsections (a) through (d), respectively.

    SEC. 3023. AUTHORIZATIONS.

        Section 5338 of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as
    follows:
    ``Sec. 5338. Authorizations.
        ``(a) Grants.--
                ``(1) In general.--There shall be available from the Mass
            Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund to carry out sections
            5305, 5307, 5310, 5311, 5312, 5314, 5318, 5324, 5334, 5335,
            5337, 5339, and 5340--
                        ``(A) $16,868,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $17,205,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $17,527,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $17,835,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        ``(E) $18,157,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                ``(2) Allocation of funds.--Of the amounts made available
            to the Secretary under paragraph (1), the following allocations
            apply:
                        ``(A) Planning programs.--To carry out section
                    5305--
                                ``(i) $222,930,000 for fiscal year 2027, of
                            which $15,000,000 is to carry out section
                            5305(i);
                                ``(ii) $225,820,000 for fiscal year 2028,
                            of which $15,200,000 is to carry out section
                            5305(i);
                                ``(iii) $228,760,000 for fiscal year 2029,
                            of which $15,400,000 is to carry out section
                            5305(i);
                                ``(iv) $231,730,000 for fiscal year 2030,
                            of which $15,600,000 is to carry out section
                            5305(i); and
                                ``(v) $234,750,000 for fiscal year 2031, of
                            which $15,800,000 is to carry out section
                            5305(i).
                        ``(B) Urbanized area grants.--To carry out, in
                    accordance with the formulas set for forth in section
                    5336, section 5307--
                                ``(i) $7,745,474,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $7,869,922,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $7,996,361,000 for fiscal year
                            2029;
                                ``(iv) $8,124,823,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $8,255,340,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(C) Grants for enhanced mobility of seniors and
                    individuals with disabilities.--To carry out section
                    5310--
                                ``(i) $447,300,000 for fiscal year 2027, of
                            which $10,000,000 is to carry out section
                            5310(j);
                                ``(ii) $453,100,000 for fiscal year 2028,
                            of which $10,100,000 is to carry out section
                            5310(j);
                                ``(iii) $459,000,000 for fiscal year 2029,
                            of which $10,200,000 is to carry out section
                            5310(j);
                                ``(iv) $465,000,000 for fiscal year 2030,
                            of which $10,300,000 is to carry out section
                            5310(j); and
                                ``(v) $471,000,000 for fiscal year 2031, of
                            which $10,400,000 is to carry out section
                            5310(j).
                        ``(D) Rural area grants.--To carry out section
                    5311--
                                ``(i) $1,007,622,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $1,023,742,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $1,040,122,000 for fiscal year
                            2029;
                                ``(iv) $1,056,764,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $1,073,672,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(E) Public transportation innovation.--To carry
                    out section 5312--
                                ``(i) $45,240,000 for fiscal year 2027, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $5,000,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(h); and
                                        ``(II) $7,371,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(i);
                                ``(ii) $45,960,000 for fiscal year 2028, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $4,000,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(h); and
                                        ``(II) $7,489,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(i);
                                ``(iii) $46,700,000 for fiscal year 2029,
                            of which--
                                        ``(I) $3,000,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(h); and
                                        ``(II) $7,609,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(i);
                                ``(iv) $47,440,000 for fiscal year 2030, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $2,000,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(h); and
                                        ``(II) $7,731,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(i); and
                                ``(v) $48,200,000 for fiscal year 2031, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $0 to carry out section
                                    5312(h); and
                                        ``(II) $7,854,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(i).
                        ``(F) Technical assistance and workforce
                    development.--To carry out section 5314--
                                ``(i) $20,499,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $20,806,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $21,118,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                ``(iv) $21,434,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $21,756,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(G) Bus testing facility.--To carry out section
                    5318--
                                ``(i) $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $7,105,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $7,212,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                ``(iv) $7,320,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                ``(v) $7,430,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(H) Emergency relief program.--To carry out
                    section 5324--
                                ``(i) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                ``(iv) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(I) Administrative expenses.--To carry out
                    section 5334--
                                ``(i) $132,700,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $135,400,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $138,100,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                ``(iv) $140,800,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $143,600,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(J) National transit database.--To carry out
                    section 5335--
                                ``(i) $6,235,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $6,335,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $6,436,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                ``(iv) $6,539,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                ``(v) $6,644,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(K) State of good repair grants.--To carry out
                    section 5337--
                                ``(i) $4,640,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $4,645,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $4,650,000,000 for fiscal year
                            2029;
                                ``(iv) $4,655,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $4,660,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(L) Grants for buses, bus facilities, and
                    ferries.--To carry out section 5339 (except subsection
                    (d))--
                                ``(i) $1,695,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $1,863,710,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $2,014,891,000 for fiscal year
                            2029;
                                ``(iv) $2,149,550,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $2,295,508,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(M) Growing states and high density states.--To
                    carry out section 5340--
                                ``(i) $873,000,000 for fiscal year 2027, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $445,230,000 to carry out
                                    section 5340(b); and
                                        ``(II) $427,770,000 to carry out
                                    section 5340(c);
                                ``(ii) $883,100,000 for fiscal year 2028,
                            of which--
                                        ``(I) $450,381,000 to carry out
                                    section 5340(b); and
                                        ``(II) $432,719,000 to carry out
                                    section 5340(c);
                                ``(iii) $893,300,000 for fiscal year 2029,
                            of which--
                                        ``(I) $455,583,000 to carry out
                                    section 5340(b); and
                                        ``(II) $437,717,000 to carry out
                                    section 5340(c);
                                ``(iv) $903,600,000 for fiscal year 2030,
                            of which--
                                        ``(I) $460,836,000 to carry out
                                    section 5340(b); and
                                        ``(II) $442,764,000 to carry out
                                    section 5340(c); and
                                ``(v) $914,100,000 for fiscal year 2031, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $466,191,000 to carry out
                                    section 5340(b); and
                                        ``(II) $447,909,000 to carry out
                                    section 5340(c).
        ``(b) Capital Investment Grants.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out section 5309 of this title--
                ``(1) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                ``(2) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                ``(3) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                ``(4) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                ``(5) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
        ``(c) Oversight.--
                ``(1) In general.--Of the amounts made available under
            subsection (a)(1) to carry out a financial assistance program
            or a grant program referenced in subsection (a)(2) for a fiscal
            year, the Secretary may use not more than 0.7 percent of such
            amounts in such fiscal year to conduct oversight activities for
            each respective program, section 5308, and section 5329,
            including the activities described in paragraph (3).
                ``(2) Additional oversight.--
                        ``(A) CIG program.--Of the amount made available
                    under subsection (b) for a fiscal year, the Secretary
                    may use not more than 1 percent of such amount in such
                    fiscal year to conduct oversight activities for the
                    fixed guideway capital investment grants program,
                    including activities described in paragraph (3).
                        ``(B) Other.--Of the amounts made available under
                    section 601(f) of the Passenger Rail Investment and
                    Improvement Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-432; 122 Stat.
                    4970), the Secretary may use not more than 1 percent in
                    a given fiscal year to conduct oversight activities,
                    including the activities described in paragraph (3).
                ``(3) Activities.--The activities described in this
            paragraph are as follows:
                        ``(A) Activities to oversee the construction of a
                    major capital project.
                        ``(B) Activities to review and audit the safety and
                    security, procurement, management, and financial
                    compliance of a recipient or subrecipient of funds
                    under this chapter.
                        ``(C) Activities to provide technical assistance
                    generally, and to provide technical assistance to
                    correct deficiencies identified in compliance reviews
                    and audits carried out under this section.
                        ``(D) Activities to carry out section 5334.
                ``(4) Government share of costs.--The Government shall pay
            the entire cost of carrying out a contract under this
            subsection.
                ``(5) Availability of certain funds.--Funds made available
            under paragraph (2) to conduct oversight activities related to
            the fixed guideway capital investment grants program shall be
            made available to the Secretary before allocating the funds
            appropriated to carry out any project under a full funding
            grant agreement.
        ``(d) Grants as Contractual Obligations.--
                ``(1) Grants financed from highway trust fund.--A grant or
            contract that is approved by the Secretary and financed with
            amounts made available from the Mass Transit Account of the
            Highway Trust Fund pursuant to this section is a contractual
            obligation of the Government to pay the Government share of the
            cost of the project.
                ``(2) Grants financed from general fund.--A grant or
            contract that is approved by the Secretary and financed with
            amounts appropriated in advance from the General Fund of the
            Treasury pursuant to this section is a contractual obligation
            of the Government to pay the Government share of the cost of
            the project only to the extent that amounts are appropriated
            for such purpose by an Act of Congress.
        ``(e) Availability of Amounts.--Amounts made available by or
    appropriated under this section shall remain available until
    expended.''.

    SEC. 3024. GRANTS FOR BUSES, BUS FACILITIES, AND FERRIES.

        (a) In General.--Section 5339 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in the section heading by striking ``and bus
            facilities'' and inserting ``, bus facilities, and ferries'';
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (1);
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``paragraph
                    (4)(A)'' and inserting ``paragraph (3)(A)'';
                        (C) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A) by striking the
                            heading and inserting ``In general''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) by striking ``A recipient'' and
                                    inserting ``An eligible recipient'';
                                    and
                                        (II) by striking ``public
                                    agencies'' and inserting ``local
                                    governmental authorities, public
                                    agencies,'';
                        (D) in paragraph (5)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking ``under section'' and all that
                            follows through ``shall be'' and inserting
                            ``under section 5338(a)(2)(L) shall be'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking ``$206,000,000''
                                    and inserting ``$336,000,000''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``to all States''
                                    and all that follows through the period
                                    and inserting ``equally to each
                                    State.''; and
                                (iii) by striking subparagraph (B) and
                            inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Distribution of remaining funds.--The
                    remainder of the funds not otherwise distributed under
                    subparagraph (A) shall be allocated in the following
                    manner:
                                ``(i) 62 percent shall be apportioned
                            pursuant to subparagraph (C).
                                ``(ii) 38 percent shall be distributed by
                            the Secretary in accordance with subsection
                            (b).
                        ``(C) Formulas.--Of amounts allocated under
                    subparagraph (B)(i)--
                                ``(i) 50 percent shall be allocated for use
                            in urbanized areas pursuant to the formula set
                            forth in section 5336(c)(1)(A);
                                ``(ii) 30 percent shall be allocated for
                            use in urbanized areas pursuant to the formula
                            set forth in section 5336(c)(1)(B);
                                ``(iii) 15 percent shall be allocated for
                            use in urbanized areas pursuant to the formula
                            set forth in section 5336(a)(1); and
                                ``(iv) 5 percent shall be allocated for use
                            in rural areas pursuant to the formula set
                            forth in section 5311(c)(5).'';
                        (E) in paragraph (6)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking ``(A) transfer
                                    flexibility for national distribution
                                    funds.--''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``paragraph
                                    (5)(A)'' and inserting ``paragraph
                                    (4)(A)''; and
                                (ii) by striking subparagraph (B);
                        (F) in paragraph (8)--
                                (i) by striking ``3 fiscal years'' and
                            inserting ``5 fiscal years''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``3-fiscal-year'' and
                            inserting ``5-fiscal-year'';
                        (G) by striking paragraph (9);
                        (H) in paragraph (10)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking ``(A) in general.--
                                    ''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``; Public Law
                                    114-94''; and
                                (ii) by striking subparagraph (B);
                        (I) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8), as
                    amended, as paragraphs (1) through (7), respectively;
                        (J) by redesignating paragraph (10) as paragraph
                    (8); and
                        (K) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(9) Special rule for territories.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A territory may use amounts
                    received pursuant to subsection (a)(4)(A) for any
                    purpose eligible under section 5311 as such purpose
                    relates to the provision of passenger ferry service,
                    including the acquisition of a vessel to provide such
                    ferry service.
                        ``(B) Territory defined.--In this paragraph, the
                    term `territory' means any of the following territories
                    of the United States:
                                ``(i) American Samoa.
                                ``(ii) The Commonwealth of the Northern
                            Mariana Islands.
                                ``(iii) Guam.
                                ``(iv) The United States Virgin Islands.'';
                (3) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``The Secretary'' and
                            inserting ``Subject to the availability of
                            funds, the Secretary'';
                                (ii) by striking ``under this subsection''
                            and inserting ``on a competitive basis'';
                                (iii) by striking ``subsection (a)(4)'' and
                            inserting ``subsection (a)(3)'';
                                (iv) by striking ``buses and bus facilities
                            capital projects, including''; and
                                (v) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B)
                            and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) buses and bus facilities capital projects,
                    including--
                                ``(i) replacing, rehabilitating,
                            purchasing, or leasing buses or related
                            equipment; and
                                ``(ii) rehabilitating, purchasing,
                            constructing, or leasing bus-related
                            facilities; and
                        ``(B) eligible projects.'';
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2);
                        (C) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) by inserting ``(A) in general.--''
                            before ``A State'';
                                (ii) by inserting ``for a grant described
                            in paragraph (1)'' before ``on behalf of''; and
                                (iii) by striking ``The submission of a
                            statewide application'' and all that follows
                            through the period at the end and inserting the
                            following:
                        ``(B) Savings clause.--The submission by a State of
                    an application under subparagraph (A) shall not
                    preclude the Secretary from considering any application
                    submitted by an eligible recipient (as described in
                    subsection (a)(3)) in an urbanized area of such
                    State.'';
                        (D) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by inserting ``publicly''
                                    before ``disclose''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``availability in
                                    the Federal Register'' and inserting
                                    ``opportunity''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) by inserting ``publicly
                                    available'' before ``summary''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``in the Federal
                                    Register'';
                        (E) in paragraph (5)(A) by inserting ``for grants''
                    before ``under this subsection'';
                        (F) in paragraph (6)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) by striking ``The Government''
                                    and inserting ``Except as provided in
                                    section 5323(i), the Government''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``an eligible
                                    project'' and inserting ``a project'';
                                    and
                                (ii) by adding at the end the following new
                            subparagraph:
                        ``(C) Non-federal share.--The non-Federal share of
                    the cost of a project carried out using a grant under
                    this subsection may be derived from in-kind
                    contributions.'';
                        (G) in paragraph (8) by inserting ``for grants''
                    before ``under this subsection'';
                        (H) in paragraph (9)(A) by striking ``eligible'';
                        (I) in paragraph (10) by striking ``and subsection
                    (c)'';
                        (J) in paragraph (11)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking ``(A) in general.--
                                    ''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``; Public Law
                                    114-94''; and
                                (ii) by striking subparagraph (B); and
                        (K) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (11) as
                    paragraphs (2) through (10), respectively;
                (4) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (2);
                        (B) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (C)--
                                        (I) in clause (i) by striking ``An
                                    eligible project'' and inserting ``A
                                    project'' ; and
                                        (II) in clause (ii)--
                                                (aa) by striking
                                            ``subparagraph'' and inserting
                                            ``paragraph''; and
                                                (bb) by striking
                                            ``paragraph (7)'' and inserting
                                            ``paragraph (5)'';
                                (ii) by transferring and redesignating
                            subparagraph (C), as amended, to appear as
                            subsection (b)(11) (and redesignating clauses
                            (i) and (ii) of subsection (b)(11), as so
                            transferred and redesignating, as subparagraphs
                            (A) and (B), respectively);
                                (iii) in subparagraph (D) by striking ``or
                            under subsection (b) for projects'' and
                            inserting ``for eligible projects''; and
                                (iv) by transferring and redesignating
                            subparagraph (D), as amended, to appear as
                            subsection (b)(12) (and redesignating clauses
                            (i) through (vi) of subsection (b)(12), as so
                            transferred and redesignated, as subparagraphs
                            (A) through (F), respectively);
                        (C) by striking paragraph (3), as amended;
                        (D) by striking paragraph (4);
                        (E) in paragraph (5)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by inserting ``shall'' after ``Secretary'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking ``shall consider''
                                    and inserting ``for eligible projects
                                    described in paragraph (1)(B), give
                                    consideration to''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``; and'' and
                                    inserting a period;
                                (iii) by striking subparagraph (B);
                                (iv) by redesignating subparagraph (A) as
                            subparagraph (B); and
                                (v) by inserting before subparagraph (B),
                            as so redesignated, the following new
                            subparagraph:
                        ``(A) for projects described under paragraph
                    (1)(A), consider the age and condition of buses, bus
                    fleets, related equipment, and bus-related facilities;
                    and'';
                        (F) by transferring and redesignating paragraph
                    (5), as amended, to appear as subsection (b)(13);
                        (G) by striking paragraphs (6) through (8);
                        (H) by striking the subsection heading and
                    inserting ``Definitions.--In this section:''; and
                        (I) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking the enumerator and all that
                            follows through ``In this subsection--'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``in
                            an eligible area'';
                                (iii) in subparagraph (E)(ii) by striking
                            the semicolon and inserting ``; and'';
                                (iv) by striking subparagraph (F); and
                                (v) by redesignating--
                                        (I) subparagraph (A) as paragraph
                                    (1);
                                        (II) subparagraph (B), as amended,
                                    as paragraph (2) (and redesignating
                                    clauses (i) through (vii) of paragraph
                                    (2), as so redesignated, as
                                    subparagraphs (A) through (G),
                                    respectively);
                                        (III) subparagraphs (C) and (D) as
                                    paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively;
                                        (IV) subparagraph (E), as amended,
                                    as paragraph (5) (and redesignating
                                    clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (5),
                                    as so redesignated, as subparagraphs
                                    (A) and (B), respectively); and
                                        (V) subparagraph (G) as paragraph
                                    (6);
                (5) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) by striking ``(as defined in subsection (c)(1))
                    or related infrastructure under subsection (b) or (c)''
                    and inserting ``(as defined in subsection (e)) or
                    related infrastructure under subsection (b)'';
                        (B) by striking ``as described in section
                    5314(b)(2) (including'' and inserting ``, including'';
                        (C) by striking ``programs)'' and inserting
                    ``programs,''; and
                        (D) by striking ``subsection (c)(3)(D)'' and
                    inserting ``subsection (b)(12)'';
                (6) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (e);
                (7) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (c); and
                (8) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
        ``(d) Competitive Passenger Ferry Grants.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may make grants under this
            subsection to assist designated recipients, States, and local
            governmental entities in financing passenger ferry projects as
            such projects relate to capital projects to purchase, replace,
            or rehabilitate passenger ferries, terminals, and related
            facilities and equipment.
                ``(2) Amounts available.--For purposes of carrying out
            paragraph (1)--
                        ``(A) $125,000,000 is made available each fiscal
                    year pursuant to section 5336(h)(1) for recipients of--
                                ``(i) grants made in urbanized areas; and
                                ``(ii) grants made in areas that are
                            determined by the Secretary to serve rural and
                            urbanized areas; and
                        ``(B) $25,000,000 is made available each fiscal
                    year pursuant to section 5311(c)(1)(D) for recipients
                    of grants in rural and insular areas.
                ``(3) Grant requirements.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A grant under this subsection
                    shall be subject to the requirements of--
                                ``(i) section 5307 for recipients of grants
                            described in paragraph (2)(A); and
                                ``(ii) section 5311 for recipients of
                            grants described in paragraph (2)(B).
                        ``(B) Federal share of costs.--Except as otherwise
                    provided under this chapter, the Federal share of the
                    cost of a project carried out under this subsection
                    shall not exceed 80 percent.
                ``(4) Award period.--An amount made available to an
            applicant to carry out a project under this subsection--
                        ``(A) shall remain available for 3 fiscal years
                    after the fiscal year for which the amount is made
                    available; and
                        ``(B) that remain unobligated at the end of the
                    period described in subparagraph (A) shall be recouped
                    by the Secretary to remain available for future
                    applicants.
                ``(5) Limitations.--
                        ``(A) Maximum award amount.--Of the amounts made
                    available under paragraphs (2)(A) and (2)(B), not more
                    than 10 percent may be awarded to a single applicant.
                        ``(B) Applicants in certain areas.--An applicant
                    for an award in an area described under paragraph
                    (2)(A)(ii) may not compete for amounts made available
                    to an area referenced in paragraph (2)(B) unless the
                    project for which the application is made serves solely
                    rural areas).
                ``(6) Competitive process.--The Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) not later than 90 days after the date on
                    which amounts are made available for obligation under
                    this subsection for a full fiscal year, solicit grant
                    applications for projects on a competitive basis;
                        ``(B) award a grant under this subsection based on
                    the solicitation under subparagraph (A) not later than
                    the earlier of--
                                ``(i) 75 days after the date on which the
                            solicitation expires; or
                                ``(ii) the end of the fiscal year in which
                            the Secretary solicited the grant applications,
                            and
                        ``(C) if insufficient eligible applications are
                    received for projects in areas referenced in paragraph
                    (2), the Secretary shall reapportion any remaining
                    amounts of--
                                ``(i) the amounts described in paragraph
                            (2)(A) to designated recipients under the
                            urbanized area formula program in section 5336
                            in the following fiscal year; and
                                ``(ii) the amounts described in paragraph
                            (2)(B) to States under section 5311 in the
                            following fiscal year.
                ``(7) Required disclosure.--The Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) publicly disclose all metrics and evaluation
                    procedures to be used in considering grant applications
                    under this subsection upon issuance of the notice of
                    funding opportunity; and
                        ``(B) publish a publicly available summary of final
                    scores for selected projects, metrics, and other
                    evaluations used in awarding grants under this
                    subsection.
                ``(8) Rural set-aside for new ferry service.--Of the
            amounts made available for rural and insular areas under
            paragraph (2)(B), the Secretary may award not less than 10
            percent of such amount for projects to establish passenger
            ferry service in rural areas and insular areas, unless the
            Secretary does not receive enough qualified applications for
            such projects.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 53 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section
    5339 and inserting the following:

    ``5339. Grants for buses, bus facilities, and ferries.''.

    SEC. 3025. APPORTIONMENTS BASED ON GROWING STATES AND HIGH DENSITY
                  STATES FORMULA FACTORS.

        Section 5340 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (a);
                (2) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as
            subsections (a) through (c), respectively;
                (3) in subsection (a), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``section 5338(b)(2)(N)'' and all that follows through the
            period at the end and inserting ``section 5338(a)(2)(M) in
            accordance with subsections (b) and (c).'';
                (4) in subsection (b), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``subsection (b)(1)'' and inserting ``subsection (a)''; and
                (5) in subsection (c), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``subsection (b)(2)'' and inserting ``subsection (a)''.

                           Subtitle B--Miscellaneous

    SEC. 3101. DEFINITIONS.

        In this title:
                (1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term
            ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                        (A) the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representations; and
                        (B) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban
                    Affairs of the Senate.
                (2) Transit agency.--The term ``transit agency'' means an
            operator of a public transportation system that is a recipient
            of Federal financial assistance under chapter 53 of title 49,
            United States Code.

    SEC. 3102. PROTECTING BUS OPERATORS FROM RISK OF ASSAULT.

        (a) Bus Driver Safety Working Group.--
                (1) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date
            of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a
            working group (in this section referred to as the ``Working
            Group'') to review--
                        (A) transit bus design and safety standards; and
                        (B) transit agency practices and protocols relating
                    to the retrofitting and procurement of transit buses
                    with workstation barriers to protect operators from the
                    risk of assault on a transit worker.
                (2) Membership.--The Secretary shall appoint a Chair and
            members of the Working Group, which shall be comprised of at
            least 1 representative from the constituencies of--
                        (A) transit bus manufacturers, including original
                    equipment manufacturers;
                        (B) rural transit agencies;
                        (C) urban transit agencies;
                        (D) transit bus workers;
                        (E) transit bus maintenance technicians;
                        (F) labor unions representing transit workers; and
                        (G) other stakeholders the Secretary determines
                    appropriate.
                (3) Duties and recommendations.--The Working Group shall--
                        (A) evaluate workstation barrier designs, including
                    factors relating to--
                                (i) the airflow and ventilation of fully
                            enclosed workstation barrier designs;
                                (ii) the development, certification,
                            testing, manufacturing, installation, and
                            training associated with various designs of
                            such barriers;
                                (iii) the safe egress of operators and
                            passengers in the event of an emergency;
                                (iv) the accessibility of workstation areas
                            for operators with disabilities when such
                            barriers are installed;
                                (v) the cost of procuring and installing
                            various designs of such barriers--
                                        (I) on newly manufactured vehicles;
                                    and
                                        (II) to retrofit existing vehicles;
                                    and
                                (vi) any other workstation barrier design
                            factors the Secretary determines appropriate;
                        (B) solicit feedback and insights from transit
                    agencies and operators that use or are testing
                    workstation barriers to mitigate assault on a transit
                    worker, including transit agencies that have
                    retrofitted existing vehicles with workstation
                    barriers;
                        (C) assess a random sample of safety management
                    systems required pursuant to part 673 of title 49, Code
                    of Federal Regulations, and developed by transit
                    agencies of various sizes, to determine the efficacy of
                    such systems in successfully identifying the risk of
                    assault on a transit worker and applying mitigations,
                    including workstation barrier vehicle retrofits, to
                    reduce the likelihood and severity of occurrences of
                    such assault;
                        (D) review and assess other optional physical
                    features of transit buses, including television
                    monitors in the passenger area of the bus that displays
                    the security monitor feed of such area, to determine
                    whether such features improve transit worker or
                    passenger safety;
                        (E) evaluate the cost, feasibility, and safety
                    benefits associated with requiring the installation of
                    workstation barriers on fixed route transit buses less
                    than 30 feet in length; and
                        (F) make recommendations to the Secretary on
                    requiring--
                                (i) the Secretary to develop performance
                            specifications, in addition to the
                            specifications referenced in subsection (b)(1),
                            for driver workstation barriers installed on
                            fixed route transit buses 30 feet or more in
                            length to protect operators from the risk of
                            assault on a transit worker; and
                                (ii) as appropriate, transit agencies to
                            retrofit vehicles in revenue service with
                            workstation barriers to protect transit bus
                            operators from such risk.
                (4) Reports to congress.--
                        (A) Working group findings.--Not later than 12
                    months after the Working Group is established, the
                    Chair of such group shall submit to the appropriate
                    committees of Congress a report--
                                (i) detailing all findings and
                            recommendations of the Working Group; and
                                (ii) summarizing any dissenting positions
                            of individual Working Group members, if
                            applicable, on the final findings and
                            recommendations issued by such group.
                        (B) DOT response.--Not later than 3 months after
                    the date on which the Chair submits the report under
                    subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall transmit to the
                    appropriate committees of Congress the position of the
                    Administration with regards to each of the
                    recommendations in such report, including the rationale
                    for disagreement, if applicable.
                (5) Support.--The Secretary shall seek to enter into the
            appropriate arrangements with the National Academies to support
            the activities of the Working Group.
        (b) Bus Operator Safety and Security Requirement.--
                (1) In general.--Beginning 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the operator workstation of a newly
            manufactured fixed route transit bus which is 30 feet or more
            in length and purchased with Federal funds by a recipient of
            assistance under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code,
            shall be equipped with a workstation barrier that, at a
            minimum--
                        (A) reaches from the bus floor to the bus ceiling;
                        (B) is capable of fully enclosing the operator
                    workstation and preventing the unwanted entry of
                    unauthorized persons, fluids, and objects into the
                    workstation; and
                        (C) does not impede the lines of sight of the
                    operator from the workstation to the exterior of the
                    bus.
                (2) Policy guidance.--Not later than 2 years after the date
            of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue policy
            guidance requiring the installation of workstation barriers to
            protect operators from the risk of assault on such transit
            buses in accordance with the requirement under paragraph (1),
            and in doing so, to the extent practicable, take into
            consideration the findings and recommendations of the Working
            Group under subsection (a)(3)(F).
                (3) Updates.--The Secretary may update the guidance
            required under this subsection as determined necessary to
            protect operators from the risk of such assault.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Assault on a transit worker.--The term ``assault on a
            transit worker'' has the meaning given such term in section
            5302 of title 49, United States Code.
                (2) Workstation barrier.--The term ``workstation barrier''
            means a physical barrier that separates a transit operator
            workstation area from the passenger area on a public
            transportation vehicle.

    SEC. 3103. SPARE RATIO MODIFICATION.

        (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
    Secretary may not issue policy, regulations, or guidance setting a
    transit vehicle spare ratio.
        (b) Rule of Construction.--Subsection (a) shall not be construed by
    the Secretary to--
                (1) prohibit a transit agency applying for assistance under
            such chapter from providing a justification for the acquisition
            of new rolling stock at the time of an award application; or
                (2) preclude a transit agency from using Federal
            assistance, as applicable, to acquire a reasonable number of
            spare vehicles based on the operational needs of such transit
            agency.
        (c) Deadline.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall update Federal Transit Administration
    Circular 5010.1F titled ``Award Management Requirements'' (or any
    successor document), and any related circulars, policy, and guidance to
    conform with the requirements of this section.

    SEC. 3104. SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN TRANSPORTATION SERVICES.

        (a) In General.--Solely for purposes of administering part 655 of
    title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation),
    the Secretary may not consider a driver for a transportation network
    company or a taxicab service to be a covered individual, unless a
    recipient that is a contractee of such transportation network company
    or taxicab service fails to--
                (1) make available to a customer for each ride more than 1
            company providing transportation services, including by a
            transportation network company, a taxicab service, or a
            provider of public transportation; and
                (2) provide a written or verbal explanation to the customer
            on the differences between the alcohol and controlled
            substances testing requirements, as applicable, for drivers of
            each company providing transportation services, including
            providers of public transportation, made available to the
            customer.
        (b) Limitation on Transportation Services Provided Under Special
    Rule.--A recipient of financial assistance under section 5307, 5308,
    5309, or 5311 of title 49, United States Code, that enters into an
    agreement with a transportation network company or a taxicab service to
    provide transportation services described in subsection (a) shall
    ensure that such transportation services solely serve to supplement,
    not supplant, fixed route or route-based public transportation provided
    by the recipient.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered individual.--The term ``covered individual''
            means--
                        (A) an employee of a recipient receiving financial
                    assistance described in section 5331(b) of title 49,
                    United States Code; and
                        (B) a contractor of a recipient of financial
                    assistance under section 5307, 5308, 5309, or 5311 of
                    such title.
                (2) Public transportation.--The term ``public
            transportation'' has the meaning given such term in section
            5302 of title 49, United States Code.
                (3) Taxicab service.--The term ``taxicab service'' has the
            meaning given the term in section 13102 of title 49, United
            States Code.
                (4) Transportation network company.--The term
            ``transportation network company'' means a corporation,
            partnership, sole proprietorship, or other entity that uses a
            digital network to connect individuals to drivers for
            prearranged transportation services, as defined under
            applicable State or local law.

    SEC. 3105. INNOVATIVE PROCUREMENT.

        (a) In General.--Section 3019 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 5325 note)
    is amended--
                (1) by inserting ``or local'' before ``government'' each
            place it appears;
                (2) by striking ``and related equipment'' each place it
            appears and inserting ``, rolling stock related equipment, and
            any other goods, technologies, or software services'';
                (3) in subsection (b)(2) in the paragraph heading by
            inserting ``or local government'' before ``cooperative
            procurement''; and
                (4) in subsection (c) by striking paragraph (5).
        (b) Updates.--The Secretary shall update applicable policy,
    guidance, and regulations, as necessary, to implement the amendments
    made by this section.

    SEC. 3106. TRANSIT AWARD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT.

        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary shall, to the greatest extent practicable, ensure that the
    transit award management system, as it is used by the Federal Transit
    Administration to ensure that financial assistance specified in section
    5333(b) of title 49, United States Code, complies with the requirements
    of such section, notifies only persons and entities affected by the
    relevant financial assistance specified in such section.

    SEC. 3107. PUBLIC TRANSIT FIRST AID AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL KIT EQUIPMENT
                  AND TRAINING.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall convene a transportation rulemaking
    committee, and designate such committee pursuant to section 102(k) of
    title 49, United States Code, to review and develop findings and
    recommendations relating to whether or not covered recipients should
    equip covered public transportation vehicles and public transportation
    stations with first aid kits and emergency medical kits.
        (b) Membership.--The transportation rulemaking committee convened
    under subsection (a) shall consist of members appointed by the
    Secretary, including representatives of--
                (1) rolling stock manufacturers, including original
            equipment manufacturers;
                (2) rural transit agencies;
                (3) urban transit agencies;
                (4) transit workers;
                (5) labor unions representing transit workers;
                (6) licensed physicians; and
                (7) other stakeholders the Secretary determines
            appropriate.
        (c) Considerations.--The transportation rulemaking committee
    convened under subsection (a) shall consider--
                (1) the benefits and costs (including the costs of route
            diversions and emergency stoppages) of requiring covered public
            transportation vehicles and public transportation stations to
            be equipped with--
                        (A) basic first aid kits; and
                        (B) medications or equipment necessary to be
                    included in emergency medical kits;
                (2) whether the contents of the emergency medical kit
            should include, at a minimum, appropriate medications and
            equipment that can practicably be administered to address--
                        (A) the emergency medical needs of children and
                    pregnant women;
                        (B) opioid overdose;
                        (C) anaphylaxis; and
                        (D) cardiac arrest;
                (3) what contents of the emergency medical kits should be
            readily available, to the extent practicable, for use by public
            transportation operators or the general public without prior
            approval by a medical professional;
                (4) training requirements, including recurring training,
            for frontline employees of public transportation agencies
            regarding use of first aid kits and emergency medical kits; and
                (5) the storage location of first aid kits and emergency
            medical kits on board covered public transportation vehicles
            and at public transportation stations.
        (d) Report to Congress.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 12 months after the date on
            which the rulemaking committee described in subsection (a) is
            convened, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate
            committees of Congress a report based on the findings of such
            rulemaking committee.
                (2) Contents.--The Secretary shall include in the report
            required under paragraph (1)--
                        (A) any findings or recommendations submitted by
                    the transportation rulemaking committee convened under
                    subsection (a) to the Secretary;
                        (B) if applicable, any dissenting positions of
                    individual representatives of such rulemaking committee
                    on the findings or recommendations described in
                    subparagraph (A) and the rationale for each dissenting
                    position; and
                        (C) any actions the Secretary intends to initiate,
                    if necessary, as a result of such findings and
                    recommendations.
        (e) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered public transportation vehicle.--The term
            ``covered public transportation vehicle'' means rolling stock
            used in revenue service by a covered recipient.
                (2) Covered recipient.--The term ``covered recipient''
            means a public transit agency required to establish a
            comprehensive agency safety plan in accordance with section
            5329(d) of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 3108. IMPROVING TRANSPARENCY IN CERTAIN URBANIZED AREAS.

        (a) Rationale Required.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary shall require a designated
            recipient of financial assistance provided under section 5307,
            5310, 5337, or 5339 of title 49, United States Code, to provide
            a letter detailing the rationale for the split allocation
            amount determined for each direct recipient in an urbanized
            area with a population of at least 200,000 individuals, as
            determined by the Bureau of the Census, if--
                        (A) a formula other than the Federal apportionment
                    formula set forth in section 5336 of such title,
                    including a modified version of the Federal
                    apportionment formula, is used by the designated
                    recipient to suballocate the total apportionment amount
                    for the relevant urbanized area to each direct
                    recipient for purposes of carrying out grants under
                    such section 5307; or
                        (B) population data other than data published by
                    the Bureau of the Census is used to suballocate the
                    total apportionment amount for the relevant urbanized
                    area to each direct recipient for purposes of carrying
                    out grants under section 5307.
                (2) Failure to provide rationale.--The Secretary may
            withhold funds made available to a designated recipient for
            grants described in section 5307 of title 49, United States
            Code, if such recipient fails to provide a letter detailing the
            rationale for the split allocation amounts pursuant to
            paragraph (1).
                (3) Term of applicability.--A letter of rationale under
            this subsection shall be updated not later than 30 days after a
            change is made to a split allocation process.
                (4) Savings clause.--Solely for purposes of withholding
            funds under paragraph (2), the Secretary may not withhold such
            funds to a designated recipient that submits a letter of
            rationale under this subsection.
        (b) Publication of Split Letters.--The Secretary shall publish on
    the website of the Federal Transit Administration each split letter
    received from a designated recipient of financial assistance provided
    under section 5307, 5310, 5337, or 5339 of title 49, United States
    Code, for each fiscal year in which Federal assistance is apportioned
    pursuant to such sections.
        (c) Designated Recipient.--In this section, the term ``designated
    recipient'' has the meaning given that term in section 5302 of title
    49, United States Code.

    SEC. 3109. EXTENSION OF CAPITAL AND PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE GRANTS TO
                  WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY.

        Section 601(f) of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act
    of 2008 (Public Law 110-432) is amended by striking ``2030'' and
    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 3110. GAO ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT CONTINGENCY AMOUNTS.

        (a) In General.--For the period beginning on the date of enactment
    of this Act and ending on September 30, 2031, the Comptroller General
    shall include with each report required under section 5309(o)(2)(B) of
    title 49, United States Code, an assessment by the Comptroller General
    of--
                (1) the project contingency amounts determined to be
            reasonable by the Secretary under section 5309(f)(1)(A) of
            title 49, United States Code, with respect to each project for
            which funds were awarded under section 5309 of such title
            during the 3-year period immediately preceding the report; and
                (2) the relationship between each such project contingency
            amount and--
                        (A) the total capital cost of the corresponding
                    project; and
                        (B) the capital investment grant program
                    requirements applicable to such project, including
                    whether such project is a core capacity project, a new
                    start project, a streamlined start project, or an
                    expedited delivery project.
        (b) Solicitation of Feedback.--In carrying out an assessment under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall solicit from relevant
    stakeholders feedback on project contingency amounts for projects for
    which funds were awarded under section 5309 of title 49, United States
    Code.

    SEC. 3111. GAO REPORT ON UNIVERSAL DESIGN TO IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY.

        Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Comptroller General shall assess the extent to which transit
    agencies utilize universal design concepts in Federally funded capital
    projects and submit to Congress a report on the results of the
    assessment that includes--
                (1) a review of applicable Federal Transit Administration
            policy guidance and best practices related to improving
            accessibility; and
                (2) recommendations for any such legislative and
            administrative action as the Comptroller General determines
            appropriate to improve accessibility in public transportation.

    SEC. 3112. GAO STUDY AND REPORT ON NATIONAL TRANSIT DATABASE DATA
                  QUALITY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall initiate a study to evaluate
    the accuracy and consistency of data reported to the National Transit
    Database and assess the efficacy of current protocols for gathering and
    verifying reported data.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall review--
                (1) processes undertaken by transit agencies for purposes
            of collecting and reporting required data to the National
            Transit Database in accordance with section 5335 of title 49,
            United States Code, including an assessment of transit agency
            revenue reporting;
                (2) the protocols of the Federal Transit Administration for
            gathering and verifying reported data, including automated
            validation checks and manual review procedures;
                (3) transit agency compliance with National Transit
            Database reporting requirements;
                (4) the impact of National Transit Database data quality
            on--
                        (A) public transit safety;
                        (B) Federal formula apportionments and competitive
                    funding decisions, as applicable; and
                        (C) the decision-making of the Federal Transit
                    Administration as such decision-making relates to award
                    management and safety oversight;
                (5) policies of the Federal Transit Administration that
            protect the personally identifiable information of persons
            involved in reportable security incidents; and
                (6) for those public transportation systems studied, the
            community value of the public transportation services provided,
            including a review of service utilization rates and
            accessibility of the system for families and individuals with
            disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consult with
    representatives of--
                (1) the Federal Transit Administration;
                (2) urban, rural, and Tribal transit agencies;
                (3) labor unions representing transit workers; and
                (4) any other relevant stakeholders as determined by
            Comptroller General.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate a
    report on the results of the study conducted under subsection (a) and
    any associated recommendations.

    SEC. 3113. GAO STUDY ON TRANSIT SYSTEM RIDER SAFETY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall initiate a study to assess
    the efforts of the Federal Transit Administration to improve rider
    safety on federally-funded public transit systems, including efforts to
    prevent assaults, harassment, and other security threats to passengers
    and transit employees.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall assess the following
    matters related to transit system safety:
                (1) National data trends and insights into the causes,
            risks, and consequences of transit-related assaults.
                (2) The primary Federal funding sources used for transit
            system safety and security improvements.
                (3) The effectiveness of common risk reduction strategies
            to improve safety, including--
                        (A) de-escalation training, trauma-informed
                    responses, and passenger safety protocols;
                        (B) vehicle design standards, including bus driver
                    workstation barriers;
                        (C) transit rider education and awareness
                    campaigns;
                        (D) bus stop design standards;
                        (E) the deployment of law enforcement officers or
                    transit ambassadors; and
                        (F) partnerships with mental health professionals.
                (4) The extent to which there are barriers to the
            implementation of safety improvements and challenges transit
            operators face in improving safety, which may include--
                        (A) limitations on eligible use of Federal
                    assistance;
                        (B) transit agency financial constraints, including
                    as a result of changes in Federal, State, and local
                    assistance;
                        (C) the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies
                    that transit agencies have adopted;
                        (D) procurement barriers; and
                        (E) coordination between Federal agencies, local
                    agencies, social service providers and local law
                    enforcement agencies.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consult with--
                (1) State transportation officials;
                (2) academic experts in transportation safety, criminology,
            and public health; and
                (3) representatives of--
                        (A) transit operators, including, as applicable,
                    transit police or contracted security of such
                    operators;
                        (B) transit riders; and
                        (C) urban, rural, and Tribal transit agencies.
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    the initiation of the study described under subsection (a), the
    Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate a report on the
    results of the study conducted under subsection (a).

    SEC. 3114. GAO STUDY ON CIG DATA COLLECTION AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall initiate a study to assess
    the efficacy of data collection and analysis requirements under the
    capital investment grants program pursuant to subparagraphs (E) and (F)
    of section 5309(k)(2) of title 49, United States Code, and make
    recommendations to reduce the reporting burden on project sponsors.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall assess the following
    matters related to the requirements under subparagraphs (E) and (F) of
    section 5309(k)(2) of such title:
                (1) The typical cost of preparing an information collection
            and analysis plan, as required under section 5309(k)(2)(E) of
            such title.
                (2) The extent to which preparing the plan described in
            paragraph (1) or the collection of data contributes to project
            delays.
                (3) The extent to which project sponsors apply insights
            gained from the plan described in paragraph (1) to public
            transportation related activities other than activities carried
            out under the capital investment grants program.
                (4) The extent to which the Federal Transit Administration
            utilizes data collected and submitted by a project sponsor in
            the plan referenced in paragraph (1) for purposes of--
                        (A) determining eligibility for a full funding
                    grant agreement under the capital investment grants
                    program; and
                        (B) assessing public transportation related
                    activities other than activities carried out under the
                    capital investment grants program.
                (5) Any relevant policy guidance or circulars issued by the
            Federal Transit Administration.
        (c) Recommendations.--In making the recommendations required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consider the following:
                (1) Opportunities to reduce data collection and reporting
            requirements pursuant to subparagraphs (E) and (F) of section
            5309(k)(2) of such title for project sponsors with a
            significant amount of local financial commitment.
                (2) Criteria other than the amount of local financial
            commitment secured by a project sponsor that the Federal
            Transit Administration may use to apply reduced data collection
            and reporting requirements on project sponsors.
                (3) The existence of any redundancies between the data
            collection and reporting requirements referenced in paragraph
            (1) and other Federal Transit Administration programs or data-
            related reporting requirements imposed on recipients of
            assistance under chapter 53 of such title.
        (d) Consultation.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consult with--
                (1) industry associations representing public
            transportation providers;
                (2) transit agencies that completed a capital investment
            grants project in the last 10 years and fulfilled the
            requirements of subparagraphs (E) and (F) of section 5309(k)(2)
            of such title; and
                (3) engineering or design firms that participated in
            delivering projects described in paragraph (2).
        (e) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    initiation of the study described under section (a), the Comptroller
    General shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
    on the results of the study and recommendations under subsection (a).

    SEC. 3115. GAO ASSESSMENT OF PARATRANSIT SOFTWARE AND TECHNOLOGIES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall assess Americans
    with Disabilities Act compliant paratransit software and technologies
    procured with Federal funds and make recommendations to improve service
    efficiency, access, and quality of life for paratransit riders while
    protecting sensitive rider and system data from cybersecurity threats.
        (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the assessment required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consult the following:
                (1) Paratransit riders.
                (2) Organizations representing riders with disabilities,
            including individuals who use wheelchairs.
                (3) Rural transit agencies.
                (4) Urban transit agencies.
                (5) The United States Access Board.
                (6) Labor organizations representing frontline public
            transportation workers.
                (7) Third-party providers of paratransit service.
                (8) Paratransit technology manufacturers.
                (9) For-hire transportation providers.
                (10) Cybersecurity experts and standards bodies.
                (11) Other stakeholders the Comptroller General determines
            appropriate.
        (c) Considerations.--
                (1) In general.--In carrying out the assessment under
            subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consider the
            following:
                        (A) The extent to which paratransit software and
                    digital interfaces provide effective access for riders
                    with disabilities, including differing visual,
                    auditory, cognitive, and physical needs.
                        (B) The cybersecurity of paratransit software and
                    technologies, including--
                                (i) methods to ensure that paratransit
                            software and data is protected from cyber-
                            attacks, and whether there are appropriate
                            outcomes-based objectives for protecting the
                            confidentiality, integrity, and availability of
                            systems and data; and
                                (ii) whether existing cybersecurity
                            frameworks and audit regimes (including SOC 2
                            and ISO 27001, or successor standards) are used
                            as potential references or models for minimum
                            cybersecurity expectations.
                        (C) The technical capabilities of paratransit
                    software and technologies, including--
                                (i) the role of application programming
                            interfaces or related mechanisms in enabling
                            integration of multiple service providers and
                            supporting efficient movement of trips between
                            providers;
                                (ii) how real-time route optimization and
                            dynamic trip scheduling capabilities impact
                            paratransit service; and
                                (iii) the ability of paratransit software
                            to support digital booking interfaces that
                            aggregate multiple providers.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the
    assessment under subsection (a) is initiated, the Comptroller General
    shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
    detailing the findings and recommendations required under subsection
    (a).

           Subtitle C--Reorganization and Consolidation of Chapter 53

    SEC. 3201. TRANSFER OF CERTAIN SECTIONS IN CHAPTER 53 OF TITLE 49,
                  UNITED STATES CODE.

        (a) Transfers to Section 5323.--
                (1) Section 5306.--Section 5306 of title 49, United States
            Code, is transferred and redesignated to appear as section
            5323(y) and is amended--
                        (A) in subsection (b) by redesignating paragraphs
                    (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                    and
                        (B) by redesignating subsections (a) and (b) as
                    paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively.
                (2) Section 5325.--Section 5325 of title 49, United States
            Code, is transferred and redesignated to appear as section
            5323(z) and is amended--
                        (A) in subsection (b)--
                                (i) in paragraph (2)--
                                        (I) in the matter preceding
                                    subparagraph (A) by striking
                                    ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting
                                    ``subparagraph (A)'';
                                        (II) in subparagraph (C) by
                                    striking ``subparagraph (B)'' and
                                    inserting ``clause (ii)'';
                                        (III) in subparagraph (D)--
                                                (aa) by striking
                                            ``subparagraph (C)'' and
                                            inserting ``clause (iii)''; and
                                                (bb) by striking ``this
                                            subparagraph'' and inserting
                                            ``this clause''; and
                                        (IV) by redesignating subparagraphs
                                    (A) through (D), as amended, as clauses
                                    (i) through (iv), respectively; and
                                (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and
                            (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                        (B) in subsection (d)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                        (I) by striking ``subsection'' and
                                    inserting ``paragraph''; and
                                        (II) by redesignating subparagraphs
                                    (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii),
                                    respectively; and
                                (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and
                            (2), as amended, as subparagraphs (A) and (B);
                        (C) in subsection (e)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1) by redesignating
                            subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and
                            (ii), respectively;
                                (ii) in paragraph (2) by striking
                            ``subsection'' and inserting ``paragraph''; and
                                (iii) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and
                            (2), as amended, as subparagraphs (A) and (B),
                            respectively;
                        (D) in subsection (f)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                        (I) in subparagraph (A) by
                                    redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as
                                    subclauses (I) and (II), respectively;
                                    and
                                        (II) by redesignating subparagraphs
                                    (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii),
                                    respectively;
                                (ii) in paragraph (2) by striking
                            ``paragraph (1)(B)'' and inserting
                            ``subparagraph (A)(ii)'';
                                (iii) in paragraph (3)--
                                        (I) in the matter preceding
                                    subparagraph (A) by striking
                                    ``subsection'' and inserting
                                    ``paragraph'';
                                        (II) in subparagraph (A)--
                                                (aa) in clause (ii) by
                                            striking ``paragraph (1)(B)''
                                            and inserting ``subparagraph
                                            (A)(ii)''; and
                                                (bb) by redesignating
                                            clauses (i) and (ii), as
                                            amended, as subclauses (I) and
                                            (II), respectively;
                                        (III) in subparagraph (B) by
                                    striking ``subparagraph (A)'' and
                                    inserting ``clause (i)''; and
                                        (IV) by redesignating subparagraphs
                                    (A) and (B), as amended, as clauses (i)
                                    and (ii), respectively; and
                                (iv) by redesignating paragraphs (1)
                            through (3), as amended, as subparagraphs (A)
                            through (C), respectively;
                        (E) in subsection (j)--
                                (i) in paragraph (2)--
                                        (I) by striking ``paragraph (1)''
                                    and inserting ``subparagraph (A)''; and
                                        (II) by redesignating subparagraphs
                                    (A) through (D) as clauses (i) through
                                    (iv), respectively; and
                                (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and
                            (2), as amended, as subparagraphs (A) and (B),
                            respectively;
                        (F) in subsection (k) by striking ``subsection''
                    and inserting ``paragraph''; and
                        (G) by redesignating subsections (a) through (k),
                    as amended, as paragraphs (1) through (11),
                    respectively.
                (3) Section 5327.--Section 5327 of title 49, United States
            Code, is transferred and redesignated to appear as section
            5323(aa) and is amended--
                        (A) in subsection (a) by redesignating paragraphs
                    (1) through (13) as subparagraphs (A) through (M),
                    respectively;
                        (B) in subsection (b) by redesignating paragraphs
                    (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                        (C) in subsection (d)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1) by redesignating
                            subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses (i) and
                            (ii), respectively;
                                (ii) in paragraph (2)--
                                        (I) in subparagraph (B) by striking
                                    ``subsection (b)'' and inserting
                                    ``paragraph (2)''; and
                                        (II) by redesignating subparagraphs
                                    (A) and (B), as amended, as clauses (i)
                                    and (ii), respectively;
                                (iii) in paragraph (3) by striking
                            ``paragraph (2)(B)'' and inserting
                            ``subparagraph (B)(ii)''; and
                                (iv) by redesignating paragraphs (1)
                            through (3), as amended, as subparagraphs (A)
                            through (C), respectively; and
                        (D) by redesignating subsections (a) through (d) as
                    paragraphs (1) through (4), respectively.
                (4) Section 5332.--Section 5332 of title 49, United States
            Code, is transferred and redesignated to appear as section
            5323(bb) and is amended--
                        (A) by striking ``subsection (b)'' in each place it
                    occurs and inserting ``paragraph (2)'';
                        (B) by striking ``of this section'' in each place
                    it occurs;
                        (C) in subsection (a) by striking ``section'' and
                    inserting ``subsection'';
                        (D) in subsection (c) by redesignating paragraphs
                    (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                        (E) in subsection (d) by redesignating paragraphs
                    (1) through (4) as subparagraphs (A) through (D),
                    respectively;
                        (F) in subsection (e)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1) by striking
                            ``subsection (d)(2)'' and inserting ``paragraph
                            (4)(B)''; and
                                (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and
                            (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                            and
                        (G) by redesignating subsections (a) through (f) as
                    paragraphs (1) through (6), respectively.
        (b) Section 5315 Transfer to Section 5334.--Section 5315 of title
    49, United States Code, is transferred and redesignated to appear as
    section 5334(l) and is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by redesignating paragraphs (1)
            through (3) as subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively;
                (2) in subsection (b) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and
            (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                (3) in subsection (c) by redesignating paragraphs (1)
            through (3) as subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively;
                (4) in subsection (d) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and
            (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively; and
                (5) by redesignating subsections (a) through (d) as
            paragraphs (1) through (4), respectively.

    SEC. 3202. FRONT MATTER OF CHAPTER 53 OF TITLE 49, UNITED STATES CODE.

        (a) Table of Sections.--Chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by striking the table of sections in the front matter at the
    beginning and inserting the following:

             ``SUBCHAPTER I-GENERAL AUTHORITIES AND GRANT PROGRAMS

    ``Sec.
    ``5301. Purpose and declaration of policy.
    ``5302. Definitions.
    ``5303. Authorizations.
    ``5304. Apportionment of appropriations for urbanized area formula
                                grants.
    ``5305. Administrative provisions.
    ``5306. General provisions.
    ``5307. Urbanized area formula grants.
    ``5308. Consolidated State block grant.
    ``5309. Fixed guideway capital investment grants.
    ``5310. Formula grants for the enhanced mobility of seniors and
                                individuals with disabilities.
    ``5311. Formula grants for rural areas.
    ``5312. Public transportation innovation.
    ``5313. Planning programs.
    ``5314. Technical assistance and workforce development.
    ``5315. National transit database.
    ``5316. State of good repair grants.
    ``5317. Grants for buses, bus facilities, and ferries.
    ``5318. Bus testing facility.
    ``5319. Apportionments based on growing States and high density States
                                formula factors.
    ``5320. Public transportation emergency relief programs.
                   ``SUBCHAPTER II-PLANNING AND REQUIREMENTS

    ``5331. Metropolitan transportation planning.
    ``5332. Statewide and nonmetropolitan transportation planning.
    ``5333. Labor standards.
                            ``SUBCHAPTER III-SAFETY

    ``5351. Crime prevention and security.
    ``5352. Public transportation safety program.
    ``5353. Alcohol and controlled substances testing.
    ``5354. Transit asset management.''.
        (b) Redesignations and Transfers.--
                (1) Requirement.--The sections of chapter 53 of title 49,
            United States Code, identified in the table provided in
            paragraph (2) are amended--
                        (A) by redesignating the sections as described in
                    the table; and
                        (B) by transferring the sections, as necessary, so
                    that the sections appear after the table of sections
                    for chapter 53 of such title (as added by subsection
                    (a)), in the order in which the sections are presented
                    in the table.
                (2) Table.--The table referred to in paragraph (1) is the
            following:

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Chapter 53 section                                   Chapter 53 section
        number before     Section heading (provided for      number after
        redesignation     identification purposes only)     redesignation
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5301                  Purpose and declaration of     5301
                           policy.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5302                  Definitions.                   5302
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5338                  Authorizations.                5303
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5336                  Apportionment of               5304
                           appropriations for urbanized
                           area formula grants.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5334                  Administrative provisions.     5305
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5323                  General provisions.            5306
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5307                  Urbanized area formula         5307
                           grants.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5308                  Consolidated State block       5308
                           grant.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5309                  Fixed guideway capital         5309
                           investment grants.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5310                  Formula grants for the         5310
                           enhanced mobility of seniors
                           and individuals with
                           disabilities.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5311                  Formula grants for rural       5311
                           areas.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5312                  Public transportation          5312
                           innovation.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5305                  Planning programs.             5313
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5314                  Technical assistance and       5314
                           workforce development.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5335                  National transit database.     5315
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5337                  State of good repair grants.   5316
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5339                  Grants for buses, bus          5317
                           facilities, and ferries.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5318                  Bus testing facility.          5318
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5340                  Apportionments based on        5319
                           growing States and high
                           density States formula
                           factors.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5324                  Public transportation          5320
                           emergency relief program.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5303                  Metropolitan transportation    5331
                           planning.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5304                  Statewide and nonmetropolitan  5332
                           transportation planning.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5333                  Labor standards.               5333
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5321                  Crime prevention and           5351
                           security.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5329                  Public transportation safety   5352
                           program.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5331                  Alcohol and controlled         5353
                           substances testing.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    5326                  Transit asset management.      5354
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    SEC. 3203. AMENDMENTS TO CHAPTER 53 OF TITLE 49, UNITED STATES CODE, AS
                  AMENDED BY SECTION 3202 OF THIS ACT.

        (a) In General.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever
    in this section an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an
    amendment to, or a repeal of, a section or other provision of chapter
    53 of title 49, United States Code, the reference shall be considered
    to be made to chapter 53 of such title, as amended by section 3202 of
    this Act.
        (b) General Amendment to Section 5303.--Chapter 53 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 5302 the
    following:
    ``Sec. 5303. Authorizations.
        ``(a) Grants.--
                ``(1) In general.--There shall be available from the Mass
            Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund to carry out sections
            5305, 5307, and 5310 through 5320--
                        ``(A) $16,868,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $17,205,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $17,527,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $17,835,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        ``(E) $18,157,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                ``(2) Allocation of funds.--Of the amounts made available
            to the Secretary under paragraph (1), the following allocations
            apply:
                        ``(A) Administrative provisions.--To carry out
                    section 5305--
                                ``(i) $132,700,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $135,400,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $138,100,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                ``(iv) $140,800,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $143,600,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(B) Urbanized area grants.--To carry out, in
                    accordance with the formulas set for forth in section
                    5304, section 5307--
                                ``(i) $7,745,474,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $7,869,922,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $7,996,361,000 for fiscal year
                            2029;
                                ``(iv) $8,124,823,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $8,255,340,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(C) Grants for enhanced mobility of seniors and
                    individuals with disabilities.--To carry out section
                    5310--
                                ``(i) $447,300,000 for fiscal year 2027, of
                            which $10,000,000 is to carry out section
                            5310(j);
                                ``(ii) $453,100,000 for fiscal year 2028,
                            of which $10,100,000 is to carry out section
                            5310(j);
                                ``(iii) $459,000,000 for fiscal year 2029,
                            of which $10,200,000 is to carry out section
                            5310(j);
                                ``(iv) $465,000,000 for fiscal year 2030,
                            of which $10,300,000 is to carry out section
                            5310(j); and
                                ``(v) $471,000,000 for fiscal year 2031, of
                            which $10,400,000 is to carry out section
                            5310(j).
                        ``(D) Rural area grants.--To carry out section
                    5311--
                                ``(i) $1,007,622,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $1,023,742,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $1,040,122,000 for fiscal year
                            2029;
                                ``(iv) $1,056,764,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $1,073,672,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(E) Public transportation innovation.--To carry
                    out section 5312--
                                ``(i) $45,240,000 for fiscal year 2027, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $5,000,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(h); and
                                        ``(II) $7,371,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(i);
                                ``(ii) $45,960,000 for fiscal year 2028, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $4,000,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(h); and
                                        ``(II) $7,489,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(i);
                                ``(iii) $46,700,000 for fiscal year 2029,
                            of which--
                                        ``(I) $3,000,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(h); and
                                        ``(II) $7,609,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(i);
                                ``(iv) $47,440,000 for fiscal year 2030, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $2,000,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(h); and
                                        ``(II) $7,731,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(i); and
                                ``(v) $48,200,000 for fiscal year 2031, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $0 to carry out section
                                    5312(h); and
                                        ``(II) $7,854,000 to carry out
                                    section 5312(i).
                        ``(F) Planning programs.--To carry out section
                    5313--
                                ``(i) $222,930,000 for fiscal year 2027, of
                            which $15,000,000 is to carry out section
                            5305(i);
                                ``(ii) $225,820,000 for fiscal year 2028,
                            of which $15,200,000 is to carry out section
                            5305(i);
                                ``(iii) $228,760,000 for fiscal year 2029,
                            of which $15,400,000 is to carry out section
                            5305(i);
                                ``(iv) $231,730,000 for fiscal year 2030,
                            of which $15,600,000 is to carry out section
                            5305(i); and
                                ``(v) $234,750,000 for fiscal year 2031, of
                            which $15,800,000 is to carry out section
                            5305(i).
                        ``(G) Technical assistance and workforce
                    development.--To carry out section 5314--
                                ``(i) $20,499,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $20,806,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $21,118,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                ``(iv) $21,434,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $21,756,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(H) National transit database.--To carry out
                    section 5315--
                                ``(i) $6,235,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $6,335,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $6,436,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                ``(iv) $6,539,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                ``(v) $6,644,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(I) State of good repair grants.--To carry out
                    section 5316--
                                ``(i) $4,640,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $4,645,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $4,650,000,000 for fiscal year
                            2029;
                                ``(iv) $4,655,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $4,660,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(J) Grants for bus and bus facilities.--To carry
                    out section 5317 (except for subsection (d))--
                                ``(i) $1,695,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $1,863,710,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $2,014,891,000 for fiscal year
                            2029;
                                ``(iv) $2,149,550,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $2,295,508,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(K) Bus testing facility.--To carry out section
                    5318--
                                ``(i) $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $7,105,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $7,212,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                ``(iv) $7,320,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                                ``(v) $7,430,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                        ``(L) Growing states and high density states.--To
                    carry out section 5319--
                                ``(i) $873,000,000 for fiscal year 2027, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $445,230,000 to carry out
                                    section 5319(b); and
                                        ``(II) $427,770,000 to carry out
                                    section 5319(c);
                                ``(ii) $883,100,000 for fiscal year 2028,
                            of which--
                                        ``(I) $450,381,000 to carry out
                                    section 5319(b); and
                                        ``(II) $432,719,000 to carry out
                                    section 5319(c);
                                ``(iii) $893,300,000 for fiscal year 2029,
                            of which--
                                        ``(I) $455,583,000 to carry out
                                    section 5319(b); and
                                        ``(II) $437,717,000 to carry out
                                    section 5319(c);
                                ``(iv) $903,600,000 for fiscal year 2030,
                            of which--
                                        ``(I) $460,836,000 to carry out
                                    section 5319(b); and
                                        ``(II) $442,764,000 to carry out
                                    section 5319(c); and
                                ``(v) $914,100,000 for fiscal year 2031, of
                            which--
                                        ``(I) $466,191,000 to carry out
                                    section 5319(b); and
                                        ``(II) $447,909,000 to carry out
                                    section 5319(c).
                        ``(M) Emergency relief program.--To carry out
                    section 5320--
                                ``(i) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                                ``(iv) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
        ``(b) Capital Investment Grants.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out section 5309 of this title--
                ``(1) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                ``(2) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                ``(3) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                ``(4) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                ``(5) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
        ``(c) Oversight.--
                ``(1) In general.--Of the amounts made available under
            subsection (a)(1) to carry out a financial assistance program
            or a grant program referenced in subsection (a)(2) for a fiscal
            year, the Secretary may use not more than 0.7 percent of such
            amount in such fiscal year to conduct oversight activities for
            each respective program and for sections 5308 and 5329,
            including the activities described in paragraph (3).
                ``(2) Additional oversight.--
                        ``(A) CIG program.--Of the amounts made available
                    under subsection (b) for a fiscal year, the Secretary
                    may use not more than 1 percent of such amount in such
                    fiscal year to conduct oversight activities for the
                    fixed guideway capital investment grants program,
                    including activities described in paragraph (3).
                        ``(B) Other.--Of the amounts made available under
                    Section 601(f) of the Passenger Rail Investment and
                    Improvement Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-432; 122 Stat.
                    4970), the Secretary may use not more than 1 percent in
                    a given fiscal year to conduct oversight activities,
                    including the activities described in paragraph (3).
                ``(3) Activities.--The activities described in this
            paragraph are as follows:
                        ``(A) Activities to oversee the construction of a
                    major capital project.
                        ``(B) Activities to review and audit the safety and
                    security, procurement, management, and financial
                    compliance of a recipient or subrecipient of funds
                    under this chapter.
                        ``(C) Activities to provide technical assistance
                    generally, and to provide technical assistance to
                    correct deficiencies identified in compliance reviews
                    and audits carried out under this section.
                        ``(D) Activities to carry out section 5305.
                ``(4) Government share of costs.--The Government shall pay
            the entire cost of carrying out a contract under this
            subsection.
                ``(5) Availability of certain funds.--Funds made available
            under paragraph (2) to conduct oversight activities related to
            the fixed guideway capital investment grants program shall be
            made available to the Secretary before allocating the funds
            appropriated to carry out any project under a full funding
            grant agreement.
        ``(d) Grants as Contractual Obligations.--
                ``(1) Grants financed from highway trust fund.--A grant or
            contract that is approved by the Secretary and financed with
            amounts made available from the Mass Transit Account of the
            Highway Trust Fund pursuant to this section is a contractual
            obligation of the Government to pay the Government share of the
            cost of the project.
                ``(2) Grants financed from general fund.--A grant or
            contract that is approved by the Secretary and financed with
            amounts appropriated in advance from the General Fund of the
            Treasury pursuant to this section is a contractual obligation
            of the Government to pay the Government share of the cost of
            the project only to the extent that amounts are appropriated
            for such purpose by an Act of Congress.
        ``(e) Availability of Amounts.--Amounts made available by or
    appropriated under this section shall remain available until
    expended.''.
        (c) Technical Amendments.--Chapter 53 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in section 5302--
                        (A) in paragraph (5)(N) by striking ``5339(c)'' and
                    inserting ``5317(e)'';
                        (B) in paragraph (6)(A)--
                                (i) by striking ``5303 and 5304'' and
                            inserting ``5331 and 5332''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``5336'' and inserting
                            ``5304''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (8)(A) by striking ``5334(c)'' and
                    inserting ``5305(c)'';
                (2) in section 5304--
                        (A) in subsection (b)(2)(E) by striking
                    ``5337(b)(3)'' and inserting ``5316(b)(3)'';
                        (B) in subsection (d)(1) by striking
                    ``5338(a)(2)(B)'' and inserting ``5303(a)(2)(B)''; and
                        (C) in subsection (h)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)
                            by striking ``5338(a)(2)(B)'' and inserting
                            ``5303(a)(2)(B)'';
                                (ii) in paragraph (1)--
                                        (I) by striking ``5339(d)'' and
                                    inserting ``5317(d)''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``5339(d)(2)(A)''
                                    and inserting ``5317(d)(2)(A)''; and
                                (iii) in paragraph (5) by striking
                            ``5329(e)(6)'' and inserting ``5352(e)(6)'';
                (3) in section 5305--
                        (A) in subsection (b)(1) by striking ``5329'' and
                    inserting ``5352''; and
                        (B) in subsection (l)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1) by striking ``general
                            purposes of this chapter under section
                            5301(b)'' and inserting ``purpose of this
                            chapter described in section 5301(a)''; and
                                (ii) in paragraph (4)(B) by striking
                            ``5306(a)'' and inserting ``5306(y)(1)'';
                (4) in section 5306--
                        (A) in subsection (a)(1)(A) by striking ``sections
                    5303, 5304, and 5306'' and inserting ``section 5331,
                    section 5332, and subsection (y) of this section'';
                        (B) in subsection (e)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1) by striking ``5337''
                            and inserting ``5316''; and
                                (ii) in paragraph (2) by striking ``5304''
                            and inserting ``5332'';
                        (C) in subsection (i)(1)(A)--
                                (i) by striking ``5339(e)(2)'' and
                            inserting ``5317(e)(2)''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``5339 of this chapter''
                            and inserting ``5317 of this chapter'';
                        (D) in subsection (n) by striking ``5336(d)(2)''
                    and inserting ``5304(d)(2)'';
                        (E) in subsection (o) by striking ``5337'' and
                    inserting ``5316'';
                        (F) in subsection (t)(2) by striking ``5336'' and
                    inserting ``5304'';
                        (G) in subsection (u)(4)(A) by striking ``5337''
                    and inserting ``5316'';
                        (H) in subsection (v)(3)(B) by striking ``5329''
                    and inserting ``5352'';
                        (I) in subsection (w)(6)--
                                (i) by striking ``(49 U.S.C. 5325 note)''
                            each place it appears; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A)(ii)(II) by
                            striking ``5325(f)(3)'' and inserting
                            ``5306(z)(6)(C)'';
                        (J) in subsection (y)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1) by striking ``5303,
                            5304, or 5305'' and inserting ``5313, 5331, or
                            5332''; and
                                (ii) in paragraph (2) by striking ``5303-
                            5305'' and inserting ``5313, 5331, and 5332'';
                            and
                        (K) in subsection (aa)--
                                (i) in paragraph (3) by striking
                            ``5338(f)'' and inserting ``5303(c)''; and
                                (ii) in paragraph (4)(A) by striking
                            ``5338(c)'' and inserting ``5303(c)'';
                (5) in section 5307--
                        (A) in subsection (b)(4) by striking ``5336'' and
                    inserting ``5304'';
                        (B) in subsection (c)(1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``5323
                            and 5325'' and inserting ``5306 and 5306(z)'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (H) by striking ``5303
                            and 5304'' and inserting ``5331 and 5332'';
                                (iii) in subparagraph (J)--
                                        (I) by striking ``5336'' and
                                    inserting ``5304''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``5321'' and
                                    inserting ``5351'';
                                (iv) in subparagraph (K) by striking
                            ``5336'' and inserting ``5304''; and
                                (v) in subparagraph (L) by striking
                            ``5329(d)'' and inserting ``5352(d)'';
                        (C) in subsection (e)(2)(A) by striking ``5336''
                    and inserting ``5304''; and
                        (D) in subsection (f)(4)(A)(ii)(II) by striking
                    ``5303, 5304, and 5305'' and inserting ``5313, 5331,
                    and 5332'';
                (6) in section 5308--
                        (A) in subsection (a)--
                                (i) by striking ``5338(a)(2)'' and
                            inserting ``5303(a)(2)''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``5310, 5311(c)(5), 5336,
                            5337, 5339(a), and 5340'' and inserting ``5304,
                            5310, 5311(c)(5), 5316, 5317(a), and 5319'';
                        (B) in subsection (b)(2)(D)(ii) by striking ``5337,
                    5339(a), and 5340'' and inserting ``5316, 5317(a), and
                    5319'';
                        (C) in subsection (d)(2) by striking ``5337, 5339,
                    or 5340'' and inserting ``5316, 5317, or 5319'';
                        (D) in subsection (e)--
                                (i) paragraph (11)(B) by striking
                            ``5339(c)(5)'' and inserting ``5317(e)(5)'';
                            and
                                (ii) paragraph (12) by striking ``5337,
                            5339(a), and 5340'' and inserting ``5316,
                            5317(a), and 5319''; and
                        (E) in subsection (i)(3) by striking ``5323(i)''
                    and inserting ``5306(i)'';
                (7) in section 5309--
                        (A) in subsection (c)(1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``5303
                            and 5304'' and inserting ``5331 and 5332''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C) by striking
                            ``5326(b)(2)(A)'' and inserting
                            ``5354(b)(2)(A)'';
                        (B) in subsection (d)(2)(A)(ii) by striking
                    ``5303'' and inserting ``5331'';
                        (C) in subsection (e)(2)(A)(ii) by striking
                    ``5303'' and inserting ``5331'';
                        (D) in subsection (g)(5)(C) by striking ``5334(k)''
                    and inserting ``5305(k)'';
                        (E) in subsection (h)(3)(A) by striking ``5303''
                    and inserting ``5331'';
                        (F) in subsection (i) by striking ``5303(i)'' in
                    each place it occurs and inserting ``5331(i)'';
                        (G) in subsection (s)(1) by striking ``5325'' and
                    inserting ``5306(z)''; and
                        (H) in subsection (u)--
                                (i) in paragraph (3)(A)--
                                        (I) in clause (i) by striking
                                    ``5303 and 5304'' and inserting ``5331
                                    and 5332''; and
                                        (II) in clause (iii) by striking
                                    ``5306(a)'' and inserting
                                    ``5306(y)(1)''; and
                                (ii) in paragraph (12)--
                                        (I) in subparagraph (B) by striking
                                    ``5306(a)'' and inserting
                                    ``5306(y)(1)''; and
                                        (II) in subparagraph (C) by
                                    striking ``5303 and 5304'' and
                                    inserting ``5331 and 5332'';
                (8) in section 5311--
                        (A) in subsection (b)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1)(A) by striking
                            ``5305'' and inserting ``5313''; and
                                (ii) in paragraph (3)(B) by striking
                            ``5338(a)(2)(D)'' and inserting
                            ``5303(a)(2)(D)''; and
                        (B) in subsection (c)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                        (I) in the matter preceding
                                    subparagraph (A) by striking
                                    ``5338(a)(2)(D)'' and inserting
                                    ``5303(a)(2)(D)''; and
                                        (II) in subparagraph (D)--
                                                (aa) by striking
                                            ``5339(d)'' and inserting
                                            ``5317(d)''; and
                                                (bb) by striking
                                            ``5339(d)(2)(B)'' and inserting
                                            ``5317(d)(2)(B)''; and
                                (ii) in paragraph (3)(C) by striking
                            ``5338(a)(2)(D)'' and inserting
                            ``5303(a)(2)(D)''; and
                                (iii) in paragraph (5)(A) by striking
                            ``5338(a)(2)(D)'' and inserting
                            ``5303(a)(2)(D)'';
                (9) in section 5312(i)(1) by striking ``The amounts made
            available under section 5338(a)(2)(G)(ii)'' and inserting ``The
            amounts specified under 5303(a)(2)(E) for this subsection'';
                (10) in section 5313--
                        (A) in subsection (b)--
                                (i) by striking ``5338'' and inserting
                            ``5303''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``5303, 5304, and 5306''
                            and inserting ``5331, 5332, and 5306(y)'';
                        (B) in subsection (c) by striking ``5303 and 5306''
                    in each place it occurs and inserting ``5331 and
                    5306(y)'';
                        (C) in subsection (d)(1)(A) by striking ``5304 and
                    5306'' and inserting ``5332 and 5306(y)'';
                        (D) in subsection (f) by striking ``5338(a)(2)(A)''
                    and inserting ``5303(a)(2)(F)''; and
                        (E) in subsection (h)(1) by striking ``5303, 5304''
                    and inserting ``5331, 5332'';
                (11) in section 5314--
                        (A) in subsection (a)(1)(B)--
                                (i) in clause (vii) by striking ``5323(j)
                            and 5323(m)'' and inserting ``5306(j) and
                            5306(m)''; and
                                (ii) in clause (viii) by striking
                            ``5339(c)(1)'' and inserting ``5317(e)(5)'';
                        (B) in subsection (c)(4)(A) by striking ``5337, and
                    5339'' and inserting ``5316, and 5317''; and
                        (C) in subsection (d) by striking ``5338(a)(2)(F)''
                    and inserting ``5303(a)(2)(G)'';
                (12) in section 5316--
                        (A) in subsection (b)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1) by striking
                            ``5338(a)(2)(K)'' and inserting
                            ``5303(a)(2)(I)''; and
                                (ii) in paragraph (2)(B) by striking
                            ``5336(b)(1)'' and inserting ``5304(b)(1)'';
                            and
                        (B) in subsection (c)(2) by striking
                    ``5338(a)(2)(K)'' and inserting ``5303(a)(2)(I)'';
                (13) in section 5317--
                        (A) in subsection (a)--
                                (i) in paragraph (4)--
                                        (I) in the matter preceding
                                    subparagraph (A) by striking
                                    ``5338(a)(2)(L)'' and inserting
                                    ``5303(a)(2)(J)''; and
                                        (II) in subparagraph (C)--
                                                (aa) in clause (i) by
                                            striking ``5336(c)(1)(A)'' and
                                            inserting ``5304(c)(1)(A)'';
                                                (bb) in clause (ii) by
                                            striking ``5336(c)(1)(B)'' and
                                            inserting ``5304(c)(1)(B)'';
                                            and
                                                (cc) in clause (iii) by
                                            striking ``5336(a)(1)'' and
                                            inserting ``5304(a)(1)'';
                                (ii) in paragraph (5) by striking ``5336''
                            and inserting ``5304''; and
                                (iii) in paragraph (8) by striking ``(49
                            U.S.C. 5325 note)'';
                        (B) in subsection (b)--
                                (i) in paragraph (5)(B) by striking
                            ``5323(i)'' and inserting ``5306(i)'';
                                (ii) in paragraph (9)(B) by striking
                            ``5325'' and inserting ``5306(z)''; and
                                (iii) in paragraph (10) by striking ``(49
                            U.S.C. 5325 note)''; and
                        (C) in subsection (d)--
                                (i) in paragraph (2)(A) by striking
                            ``5336(h)(1)'' and inserting ``5304(h)(1)'';
                            and
                                (ii) in paragraph (6)(C)(i) by striking
                            ``5336'' and inserting ``5304'';
                (14) in section 5318(e)(1)(B)(ii) by striking ``5329(b)''
            and inserting ``5352(b)'';
                (15) in section 5319--
                        (A) in subsection (a) by striking ``5338(a)(2)(M)''
                    and inserting ``5303(a)(2)(L)'';
                        (B) in subsection (b)(3) by striking ``5336'' and
                    inserting ``5304''; and
                        (C) in subsection (c)(5) by striking ``5336'' and
                    inserting ``5304'';
                (16) in section 5331--
                        (A) in subsection (a)(2) by striking ``5304(d)''
                    and inserting ``5332(d)'';
                        (B) in subsection (b)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)
                            by striking ``5304'' and inserting ``5332'';
                            and
                                (ii) in paragraph (6) by striking
                            ``5304(l)'' and inserting ``5332(l)'';
                        (C) in subsection (h)(2)(B)(ii) by striking
                    ``5326(c) and 5329(d)'' and inserting ``5352(d) and
                    5354(b)'';
                        (D) in subsection (p) by striking ``5305(g)'' and
                    inserting ``5313(f)''; and
                        (E) in subsection (s) by striking ``5305(f)'' and
                    inserting ``5313(f)''; and
                (17) in section 5332--
                        (A) in subsection (a)--
                                (i) in paragraph (1) by striking ``5303, to
                            accomplish the objectives stated in section
                            5303(a),'' and inserting ``5331, to accomplish
                            the objectives stated in 5331(a),''; and
                                (ii) in paragraph (3) by striking
                            ``5303(a)'' and inserting ``5331(a)'';
                        (B) in subsection (b)(1) by striking ``5303'' and
                    inserting ``5331'';
                        (C) in subsection (d)(2)(B)(ii) by striking
                    ``5326(c) and 5329(d)'' and inserting ``5352(d) and
                    5354(b)'';
                        (D) in subsection (f)(2)(A) by striking ``5303''
                    and inserting ``5331'';
                        (E) in subsection (g) by striking ``5303'' in each
                    place it appears and inserting ``5331''; and
                        (F) in subsection (i) by striking ``5303'' each
                    place it appears and inserting ``5331''; and
                (18) in section 5333(b) by striking ``5307-5312, 5316,
            5318, 5323(a)(1), 5323(b), 5323(d), 5328, 5337, and 5338(b)''
            each place it appears and inserting ``5306(a)(1), 5306(b),
            5306(d), 5307, 5308, 5309, 5310, 5311, 5312, 5316, and 5318'';
                (19) in section 5352--
                        (A) in subsection (b)(2)(D) by striking ``5324(a)''
                    and inserting ``5320(a)'';
                        (B) in subsection (d) by striking ``5335'' in each
                    place it occurs and inserting ``5315'';
                        (C) in subsection (e)(6)(B)(i) by striking
                    ``5336(h)'' and inserting ``5304(h)''; and
                        (D) in subsection (h)(1) by striking ``5334(c)''
                    and inserting ``5305(c)''.

    SEC. 3204. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

        (a) Title 10 Conforming Amendment.--Section 2864(e)(2) of title 10,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ``section 5303(b)'' and
    inserting ``section 5331(b)''.
        (b) Title 23 Conforming Amendments.--Title 23, United States Code,
    is amended--
                (1) in section 108(d)(5)(A) by striking ``sections 5303 and
            5304'' and inserting ``sections 5331 and 5332'';
                (2) in section 134--
                        (A) in subsection (h)(2)(B)(ii) by striking
                    ``sections 5326(c) and 5329(d)'' and inserting
                    ``sections 5352(d) and 5354(b)''; and
                        (B) in subsection (p) by striking ``section
                    5305(g)'' and inserting ``section 5313(f)'';
                (3) in section 135--
                        (A) in subsection (d)(2)(B)(ii) by striking
                    ``sections 5326(c) and 5329(d)'' and inserting
                    ``sections 5352(d) and 5354(b)'';
                        (B) in subsection (i) by striking ``section
                    5305(g)'' and inserting ``section 5313(f)''; and
                        (C) in subsection (j) by striking ``sections 5303
                    and 5304'' in each instance and inserting ``sections
                    5331 and 5332''; and
                (4) in section 327(a)(2)(B)(iv)(I) by striking ``section
            5303 or 5304'' and inserting ``section 5331 or 5332'';
        (c) Title 49 Conforming Amendments.--Section 24904(d)(2)(A) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``section
    5326(a)(3)'' and inserting ``section 5354(e)(3)''.
        (d) Limitations on Certain Federal Assistance.--Section 176(c) of
    the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7506(c)) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``section 5303(i)'' each place it appears
            and inserting ``section 5331(i)''; and
                (2) in paragraph (9) by striking ``section 5303(j)'' and
            inserting ``section 5331(j)''.
        (e) Grants for Capital Improvements to Prevent Crime in Public
    Transportation.--Section 40131(f) of the Violent Crime Control and Law
    Enforcement Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 12301) is amended by striking
    ``section 5321'' and inserting ``section 5351''.
        (f) Prioritization Process Pilot Program.--Section 11204(c)(2) of
    the Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021 (23 U.S.C. 134
    note) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                        (A) in clause (i) by striking ``section 5303(i)''
                    and inserting ``section 5331(i)'';
                        (B) in clause (i)(I)(aa) by striking ``section
                    5303(h)'' and inserting ``section 5331(h)''; and
                        (C) in clause (ii) by striking ``section
                    5303(j)(2)(A)'' and inserting ``5331(j)(2)(A)''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (B)--
                        (A) in clause (i)(I)(aa) by striking ``section
                    5304(d)'' and inserting ``section 5332(d)''; and
                        (B) in clause (ii) by striking ``section 5304(g)''
                    and inserting ``section 5332(g)''.
        (g) Advanced Air Mobility Infrastructure Pilot Program.--Section
    101(e)(5) of division Q of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023
    (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by striking ``section 5303(b)'' and
    inserting ``section 5331(b)''.

                            TITLE IV--HIGHWAY SAFETY

    SEC. 4001. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

        (a) In General.--The following amounts are authorized to be
    appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit
    Account):
                (1) Highway safety programs.--To carry out section 402 of
            title 23, United States Code--
                        (A) $777,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        (B) $792,500,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        (C) $808,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        (D) $825,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        (E) $842,400,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                (2) Highway safety research and development.--To carry out
            section 403 of title 23, United States Code--
                        (A) $211,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        (B) $219,300,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        (C) $225,600,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        (D) $229,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        (E) $233,500,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                (3) High-visibility enforcement program.--To carry out
            section 404 of title 23, United States Code--
                        (A) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        (B) $51,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        (C) $52,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        (D) $53,400,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        (E) $54,300,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                (4) Administrative expenses.--For administrative and
            related operating expenses of the National Highway Traffic
            Safety Administration in carrying out chapter 4 of title 23,
            United States Code, and this title--
                        (A) $40,200,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        (B) $41,200,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        (C) $42,200,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        (D) $43,200,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        (E) $44,200,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                (5) National driver register.--For the National Highway
            Traffic Safety Administration to carry out chapter 303 of title
            49, United States Code--
                        (A) $7,800,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        (B) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        (C) $8,200,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        (D) $8,400,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        (E) $8,600,000 for fiscal year 2031.
        (b) Prohibition on Other Uses.--Except as otherwise provided in
    chapter 4 of title 23, United States Code, and chapter 303 of title 49,
    United States Code, the amounts made available under subsection (a) or
    any other provision of law from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the
    Mass Transit Account) for a program under such chapters--
                (1) shall only be used to carry out such program; and
                (2) may not be used by a State or local government for
            construction purposes.
        (c) Applicability of Title 23.--Except as otherwise provided in
    chapter 4 of title 23, United States Code, and chapter 303 of title 49,
    United States Code, the amounts made available under subsection (a) for
    fiscal years 2027 through 2031 shall be available for obligation in the
    same manner as if such amounts were apportioned under chapter 1 of
    title 23, United States Code.

    SEC. 4002. CONSOLIDATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAMS.

        (a) In General.--Section 402 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by redesignating clause (i) as
                            subparagraph (A) (and adjusting the margins
                            accordingly);
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A), as so
                            redesignated, by redesignating subclauses (I)
                            and (II) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively;
                                (iii) by redesignating clauses (ii) through
                            (iv) as subparagraphs (C) through (E),
                            respectively (and adjusting the margins
                            accordingly);
                                (iv) by inserting after subparagraph (A),
                            as so redesignated, the following:
                        ``(B) addresses national priority safety
                    initiatives;'';
                                (v) in subparagraph (C), as so
                            redesignated--
                                        (I) by redesignating subclauses (I)
                                    and (II) as clauses (i) and (ii),
                                    respectively;
                                        (II) in clause (i), as so
                                    redesignated, by striking ``subsection
                                    (k)'' and inserting ``subsection (l)'';
                                    and
                                        (III) in clause (ii), as so
                                    redesignated, by striking ``subsection
                                    (l)'' and inserting ``subsection (m)'';
                                    and
                                (vi) in subparagraph (D), as so
                            redesignated, by striking ``subsection (b)(1)''
                            and inserting ``subsection (c)(1)''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) in clause (i) by inserting ``,
                                    including law enforcement costs
                                    relating to enforcing State laws on
                                    posted speed limits'' after ``posted
                                    speed limits'';
                                        (II) in clause (vi) by inserting
                                    ``and traffic incidents in school
                                    zones'' after ``buses'';
                                        (III) by redesignating clauses (x)
                                    through (xiv) as clauses (xi) through
                                    (xv), respectively;
                                        (IV) by inserting after clause (ix)
                                    the following:
                                ``(x) to increase driver awareness of work
                            zone safety to prevent crashes and reduce
                            injuries and fatalities;'';
                                        (V) in clause (xiv), as so
                                    redesignated, by striking ``; and'' and
                                    inserting a semicolon;
                                        (VI) in clause (xv), as so
                                    redesignated, by striking ``vehicle
                                    loads'' and inserting ``vehicle loads,
                                    prevent improper and unsafe use of
                                    light-duty and medium-duty trailers,
                                    and educate the public about required
                                    trailer safety equipment and
                                    preventative maintenance''; and
                                        (VII) by adding at the end the
                                    following:
                                ``(xvi) to purchase and deploy digital
                            alert technology that--
                                        ``(I) is capable of receiving
                                    alerts regarding nearby first
                                    responders; and
                                        ``(II) in the case of a motor
                                    vehicle that is used for emergency
                                    response activities, is capable of
                                    sending alerts to civilian drivers to
                                    protect first responders on the scene
                                    and en route;
                                ``(xvii) to educate the public regarding
                            the safety of vehicles and individuals stopped
                            at the roadside in the State through public
                            information campaigns for the purpose of
                            reducing roadside deaths and injury;
                                ``(xviii) to cover law enforcement costs
                            relating to enforcing State laws to protect the
                            safety of vehicles and individuals stopped at
                            the roadside;
                                ``(xix) to cover costs associated with
                            developing and implementing a program to train
                            law enforcement on facilitating safe traffic
                            stops utilizing standards established by a
                            State Police Officer Standards and Training
                            Board or a similar association;
                                ``(xx) to cover costs associated with
                            developing and implementing a program to
                            improve interactions between a law enforcement
                            officer and a motor vehicle operator who has a
                            speech-related disability that may affect
                            communication during a traffic stop, including
                            autism spectrum disorder, commonly referred to
                            as a `blue envelope program';
                                ``(xxi) to identify, collect, and report to
                            State and local government agencies data
                            relating to crashes involving vehicles and
                            individuals stopped at the roadside; and
                                ``(xxii) to pilot and incentivize measures,
                            including optical visibility measures, to
                            increase the visibility of stopped and disabled
                            vehicles;'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)(i) by inserting
                            ``including education on a driver's
                            responsibilities and rights during a traffic
                            stop'' after ``driver education'';
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D)
                            and (E) as subparagraphs (E) and (F),
                            respectively; and
                                (iv) by inserting after subparagraph (C)
                            the following:
                        ``(D) improve State safety data systems, including
                    through--
                                ``(i) software or applications to identify,
                            collect, and report data to State and local
                            government agencies, and enter data into State
                            core highway safety databases, including crash,
                            citation or adjudication, driver, emergency
                            medical services or injury surveillance system,
                            roadway, and vehicle data;
                                ``(ii) purchasing equipment to improve a
                            process by which data are identified, collated,
                            and reported to State and local government
                            agencies, including technology for use by law
                            enforcement for near-real time, electronic
                            reporting of crash data;
                                ``(iii) improving the compatibility and
                            interoperability of the core highway safety
                            databases of the State with national data
                            systems and data systems of other States,
                            including the National EMS Information System;
                                ``(iv) enhancing the ability of a State and
                            the Secretary to observe and analyze local,
                            State, and national trends in crash
                            occurrences, rates, outcomes, and
                            circumstances;
                                ``(v) supporting traffic records
                            improvement training and expenditures for law
                            enforcement, emergency medical, judicial,
                            prosecutorial, and traffic records
                            professionals;
                                ``(vi) hiring traffic records professionals
                            for the purpose of improving traffic
                            information systems (including a State Fatal
                            Accident Reporting System (FAR) liaison);
                                ``(vii) adoption of the Model Minimum
                            Uniform Crash Criteria, or providing to the
                            public information regarding why any of those
                            criteria will not be used, if applicable;
                                ``(viii) supporting reporting criteria
                            relating to emerging topics, including--
                                        ``(I) impaired driving as a result
                                    of drug, alcohol, or polysubstance
                                    consumption; and
                                        ``(II) advanced technologies
                                    present on motor vehicles; and
                                ``(ix) conducting research relating to
                            State traffic safety information systems,
                            including developing programs to improve core
                            highway safety databases and processes by which
                            data are identified, collected, reported to
                            State and local government agencies, and
                            entered into State core safety databases;'';
                (2) by redesignating subsections (b) through (o) as
            subsections (c) through (p), respectively;
                (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
        ``(b) National Priority Safety Initiatives.--
                ``(1) In general.--Each State that meets the relevant
            fatality rate threshold shall have a highway safety program
            that addresses national priority safety initiatives.
                ``(2) Flexibility.--Funds not required to be expended by a
            State in accordance with any provision of this subsection may
            be used by a State for any eligible activity under this
            subsection or subsection (a).
                ``(3) Requirements.--In carrying out a highway safety
            program required under subsection (a), a State shall adhere to
            the following requirements:
                        ``(A) Occupant protection.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In any case in which a
                            State has an average occupant protection
                            fatality rate that is greater than 75 percent
                            of the national average, such State shall
                            expend not less than 6 percent of the funds
                            provided under this section to implement
                            occupant protection programs to reduce highway
                            deaths and injuries resulting from individuals
                            riding unrestrained in motor vehicles.
                                ``(ii) Eligible activities.--Funds required
                            to be expended in accordance with this
                            subparagraph may be used to--
                                        ``(I) carry out a program to
                                    support high-visibility enforcement
                                    mobilizations, including paid media
                                    that emphasizes publicity for the
                                    program, and law enforcement;
                                        ``(II) carry out a program to train
                                    occupant protection safety
                                    professionals, police officers, fire
                                    and other first responders, emergency
                                    medical personnel, educators, parents,
                                    and caregivers concerning all aspects
                                    of the use of child restraints and
                                    occupant protection;
                                        ``(III) carry out a program to
                                    educate the public concerning the
                                    proper use and installation of child
                                    restraints, including related equipment
                                    and information systems;
                                        ``(IV) carry out a program to
                                    provide community child passenger
                                    safety services, including programs
                                    about proper seating positions for
                                    children and how to reduce the improper
                                    use of child restraints;
                                        ``(V) implement programs--
                                                ``(aa) to recruit and train
                                            nationally certified child
                                            passenger safety technicians
                                            among police officers, fire and
                                            other first responders,
                                            emergency medical personnel,
                                            and other individuals or
                                            organizations serving low-
                                            income and underserved
                                            populations;
                                                ``(bb) to educate parents
                                            and caregivers in low-income
                                            and underserved populations
                                            regarding the importance of
                                            proper use and correct
                                            installation of child
                                            restraints on every trip in a
                                            motor vehicle; and
                                                ``(cc) to purchase and
                                            distribute child restraints to
                                            low-income and underserved
                                            populations;
                                        ``(VI) establish and maintain
                                    information systems containing data
                                    concerning occupant protection,
                                    including the collection and
                                    administration of child passenger
                                    safety and occupant protection surveys;
                                    and
                                        ``(VII) cover law enforcement costs
                                    related to the enforcement of occupant
                                    protection laws.
                                ``(iii) Definitions.--In this subparagraph:
                                        ``(I) Average occupant protection
                                    fatality rate.--The term `average
                                    occupant protection fatality rate'
                                    means the number of motor vehicle crash
                                    fatalities in a State that involve
                                    unrestrained individuals per every
                                    100,000,000 vehicle miles traveled in
                                    the State, based on the average of the
                                    most recently reported 3 calendar years
                                    of final data from the Fatality
                                    Analysis Reporting System.
                                        ``(II) Child restraint.--The term
                                    `child restraint' means any device
                                    (including child safety seat, booster
                                    seat, harness, and excepting seat
                                    belts) that is--
                                                ``(aa) designed for use in
                                            a motor vehicle to restrain,
                                            seat, or position a child who
                                            weighs 65 pounds (30 kilograms)
                                            or less; and
                                                ``(bb) certified to comply
                                            with the Federal Motor Vehicle
                                            Safety Standard Number 213,
                                            contained in section 571.213 of
                                            title 49, Code of Federal
                                            Regulations, or any succeeding
                                            standard.
                                        ``(III) Seat belt.--The term `seat
                                    belt' means--
                                                ``(aa) with respect to
                                            open-body motor vehicles,
                                            including convertibles, an
                                            occupant restraint system
                                            consisting of a lap belt or a
                                            lap belt and a detachable
                                            shoulder belt; and
                                                ``(bb) with respect to
                                            other motor vehicles, an
                                            occupant restraint system
                                            consisting of integrated lap
                                            and shoulder belts.
                        ``(B) Impaired driving countermeasures.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In any case in which a
                            State has an average impaired driving fatality
                            rate that is greater than 75 percent of the
                            national average, such State shall expend not
                            less than 26 percent of the funds provided
                            under this section to implement programs to
                            reduce driving under the influence of alcohol,
                            drugs, or a combination of alcohol and drugs.
                                ``(ii) Additional requirement.--In any case
                            in which a State that is required to expend
                            funds pursuant to clause (i) does not have a
                            repeat intoxicated driver law (as such law is
                            described in section 164(a)(5)(A)(ii)), the
                            Secretary shall apply clause (i) by
                            substituting ``30 percent'' for ``26 percent''.
                                ``(iii) Eligible activities.--Funds
                            required to be expended in accordance with this
                            subparagraph may be used by a State for--
                                        ``(I) high-visibility enforcement
                                    efforts;
                                        ``(II) hiring a full-time or part-
                                    time impaired driving coordinator of
                                    the activities of the State to address
                                    the enforcement and adjudication of
                                    laws regarding driving while impaired
                                    by alcohol, drugs, or a combination of
                                    alcohol and drugs;
                                        ``(III) court support of impaired
                                    driving prevention efforts, including--
                                                ``(aa) hiring criminal
                                            justice professionals,
                                            including law enforcement
                                            officers, prosecutors, traffic
                                            safety resource prosecutors,
                                            judges, judicial outreach
                                            liaisons, and probation
                                            officers;
                                                ``(bb) training and
                                            education of the professionals
                                            in subclause (I) to assist such
                                            professionals in preventing
                                            impaired driving and handling
                                            impaired driving cases,
                                            including by providing
                                            compensation to a law
                                            enforcement officer to carry
                                            out safety grant activities to
                                            replace a law enforcement
                                            officer who is receiving drug
                                            recognition expert training or
                                            participating as an instructor
                                            in such drug recognition expert
                                            training; and
                                                ``(cc) establishing driving
                                            while intoxicated courts;
                                        ``(IV) alcohol ignition interlock
                                    programs;
                                        ``(V) improving blood alcohol and
                                    drug concentration screening and
                                    testing, detection of potentially
                                    impairing drugs (including through the
                                    use of oral fluid as a specimen), and
                                    reporting relating to testing and
                                    detection;
                                        ``(VI) media in support of high-
                                    visibility enforcement efforts,
                                    conducting initial and continuing
                                    standardized field sobriety training,
                                    advanced roadside impaired driving
                                    evaluation training, law enforcement
                                    phlebotomy training, and drug
                                    recognition expert training for law
                                    enforcement, and equipment and related
                                    expenditures used in connection with
                                    impaired driving enforcement in
                                    accordance with criteria established by
                                    the National Highway Traffic Safety
                                    Administration;
                                        ``(VII) training on the use of
                                    alcohol and drug screening and brief
                                    intervention;
                                        ``(VIII) training for and
                                    implementation of impaired driving
                                    assessment programs or other tools
                                    designed to increase the probability of
                                    identifying the recidivism risk of a
                                    person convicted of driving under the
                                    influence of alcohol, drugs, or a
                                    combination of alcohol and drugs and to
                                    determine the most effective mental
                                    health or substance abuse treatment or
                                    sanction that will reduce such risk;
                                        ``(IX) developing impaired driving
                                    information systems;
                                        ``(X) costs associated with a 24-7
                                    sobriety program;
                                        ``(XI) testing and implementing
                                    programs, and purchasing technologies,
                                    to better identify, monitor, or treat
                                    impaired drivers, including--
                                                ``(aa) oral fluid screening
                                            technologies;
                                                ``(bb) electronic warrant
                                            programs;
                                                ``(cc) equipment to
                                            increase the scope, quantity,
                                            quality, and timeliness of
                                            forensic toxicology chemical
                                            testing;
                                                ``(dd) case management
                                            software to support the
                                            management of impaired driving
                                            offenders; and
                                                ``(ee) technology to
                                            monitor impaired-driving
                                            offenders, and equipment and
                                            related expenditures used in
                                            connection with impaired-
                                            driving enforcement in
                                            accordance with criteria
                                            established by the National
                                            Highway Traffic Safety
                                            Administration;
                                        ``(XII) increasing the timely and
                                    accurate reporting to Federal, State,
                                    and local databases of--
                                                ``(aa) crash information,
                                            including electronic crash
                                            reporting systems that allow
                                            accurate real- or near-real-
                                            time uploading of crash
                                            information; and
                                                ``(bb) impaired driving
                                            criminal justice information;
                                        ``(XIII) researching and evaluating
                                    impaired driving countermeasures; and
                                        ``(XIV) funding law enforcement
                                    costs related to the enforcement of
                                    impaired driving laws, including law
                                    enforcement costs associated with
                                    enforcing the legal limit for blood
                                    alcohol concentration while driving.
                                ``(iv) Definitions.--In this subparagraph:
                                        ``(I) 24-7 sobriety program.--The
                                    term `24-7 sobriety program' means a
                                    State law or program that authorizes a
                                    State or local court or an agency with
                                    jurisdiction, as a condition of bond,
                                    sentence, probation, parole, or work
                                    permit, to--
                                                ``(aa) require an
                                            individual who was arrested
                                            for, plead guilty to, or was
                                            convicted of driving under the
                                            influence of alcohol or drugs
                                            to totally abstain from alcohol
                                            or drugs for a period of time;
                                            and
                                                ``(bb) require the
                                            individual to be subject to
                                            testing for alcohol or drugs--

                                                        ``(AA) at least
                                                    twice per day at a
                                                    testing location;

                                                        ``(BB) by
                                                    continuous transdermal
                                                    alcohol monitoring via
                                                    an electronic
                                                    monitoring device; or

                                                        ``(CC) by an
                                                    alternate method with
                                                    the concurrence of the
                                                    Secretary.

                                        ``(II) Average impaired driving
                                    fatality rate.--The term `average
                                    impaired driving fatality rate' means
                                    the number of motor vehicle crash
                                    fatalities in a State that involve a
                                    driver with a blood alcohol
                                    concentration of at least 0.08 percent
                                    per every 100,000,000 vehicle miles
                                    traveled in the State, based on the
                                    average of the most recently reported 3
                                    calendar years of final data from the
                                    Fatality Analysis Reporting System.
                        ``(C) Distracted driving.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Each State shall expend
                            not less than 4 percent of the funds provided
                            under this section to implement effective
                            programs to reduce the prevalence of distracted
                            driving.
                                ``(ii) Eligible activities.--Funds required
                            to be expended in accordance with this
                            subparagraph may be used--
                                        ``(I) to educate the public through
                                    advertising containing information
                                    about the dangers of texting or using a
                                    cell phone while driving;
                                        ``(II) for traffic signs that
                                    notify drivers about the distracted
                                    driving law of the State; and
                                        ``(III) for law enforcement costs
                                    related to the enforcement of the
                                    distracted driving law.
                        ``(D) Motorcyclist safety.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In any case in which a
                            State has an average motorcyclist fatality rate
                            that is greater than 75 percent of the national
                            average, such State shall expend not less than
                            0.7 percent of the funds provided under this
                            section to implement programs to improve
                            motorcyclist safety.
                                ``(ii) Eligible activities.--Funds required
                            to be expended in accordance with this
                            subparagraph may be used only for motorcyclist
                            safety training and motorcyclist awareness
                            programs, including--
                                        ``(I) improvements to motorcyclist
                                    safety training curricula;
                                        ``(II) improvements in program
                                    delivery of motorcyclist training to
                                    both urban and rural areas, including--
                                                ``(aa) procurement or
                                            repair of practice motorcycles;
                                                ``(bb) instructional
                                            materials;
                                                ``(cc) mobile training
                                            units; and
                                                ``(dd) leasing or
                                            purchasing facilities for
                                            closed-course motorcyclist
                                            skill training;
                                        ``(III) measures designed to
                                    increase the recruitment or retention
                                    of motorcyclist safety training
                                    instructors;
                                        ``(IV) public awareness, public
                                    service announcements, and other
                                    outreach programs to enhance driver
                                    awareness of motorcyclists, including
                                    `share-the-road' safety messages; and
                                        ``(V) law enforcement costs related
                                    to the enforcement of motorcyclist
                                    safety laws.
                                ``(iii) Definitions.--In this subparagraph:
                                        ``(I) Average motorcyclist fatality
                                    rate.--The term `average motorcyclist
                                    fatality rate' means the number of
                                    motor vehicle crash fatalities in a
                                    State that involve a motorcycle per
                                    100,000 registered motorcycles by
                                    State, based on the average of the most
                                    recently reported 3 calendar years of
                                    final data from the Fatality Analysis
                                    Reporting System.
                                        ``(II) Motorcyclist awareness.--The
                                    term `motorcyclist awareness' means
                                    individual or collective awareness of--
                                                ``(aa) the presence of
                                            motorcyclists on or near
                                            roadways; and
                                                ``(bb) safe driving
                                            practices to avoid injury to
                                            motorcyclists.
                                        ``(III) Motorcyclist awareness
                                    program.--The term `motorcyclist
                                    awareness program' means an
                                    informational or public awareness
                                    program designed to enhance
                                    motorcyclist awareness that is
                                    developed by or in coordination with
                                    the designated State authority having
                                    jurisdiction over motorcyclist safety
                                    issues, which may include the State
                                    motorcycle safety administrator or a
                                    motorcycle advisory council appointed
                                    by the Governor of the State.
                                        ``(IV) Motorcyclist safety
                                    training.--The term `motorcyclist
                                    safety training' means a formal program
                                    of instruction that is approved for use
                                    in a State by the designated State
                                    authority having jurisdiction over
                                    motorcyclist safety issues, which may
                                    include the State motorcycle safety
                                    administrator or a motorcycle advisory
                                    council appointed by the Governor of
                                    the State.
                        ``(E) Nonmotorist safety.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In any case in which the
                            annual combined nonmotorist fatalities in a
                            State exceed 15 percent of the total annual
                            crash fatalities in the State, based on the
                            most recently reported final data from the
                            Fatality Analysis Reporting System, such State
                            shall expend not less than 3 percent of the
                            funds provided under this section to implement
                            programs to improve the safety of nonmotorists.
                                ``(ii) Eligible activities.--Funds required
                            to be expended in accordance with this
                            subparagraph may be used for --
                                        ``(I) training of law enforcement
                                    officials relating to--
                                                ``(aa) nonmotorist safety;
                                                ``(bb) State laws
                                            applicable to nonmotorist
                                            safety; and
                                                ``(cc) infrastructure
                                            designed to improve nonmotorist
                                            safety;
                                        ``(II) carrying out a program to
                                    support enforcement mobilizations and
                                    campaigns designed to enforce State
                                    traffic laws applicable to nonmotorist
                                    safety;
                                        ``(III) public education and
                                    awareness programs designed to inform
                                    motorists and nonmotorists regarding--
                                                ``(aa) nonmotorist safety,
                                            including information relating
                                            to nonmotorist mobility and the
                                            importance of speed management
                                            for the safety of nonmotorists;
                                                ``(bb) the value of the use
                                            of nonmotorist safety
                                            equipment, including lighting,
                                            conspicuity equipment, mirrors,
                                            helmets, and other protective
                                            equipment, and compliance with
                                            any State or local laws
                                            requiring the use of such
                                            equipment;
                                                ``(cc) State traffic laws
                                            applicable to nonmotorist
                                            safety, including the
                                            responsibilities of motorists
                                            with respect to nonmotorists;
                                                ``(dd) the safety of
                                            vehicles and nonmotorists
                                            stopped at the roadside;
                                                ``(ee) infrastructure
                                            designed to improve nonmotorist
                                            safety; and
                                                ``(ff) safe navigation
                                            through work zones;
                                        ``(IV) the collection of data, and
                                    the establishment and maintenance of
                                    data systems, relating to nonmotorist
                                    traffic fatalities;
                                        ``(V) preventing roadside death and
                                    injury from crashes involving motor
                                    vehicles striking other vehicles and
                                    individuals stopped at the roadside
                                    through the purchase and deployment of
                                    digital alert technology, including
                                    hardware purchases, installations, and
                                    software subscriptions;
                                        ``(VI) nonmotorist safety with
                                    respect to emerging micromobility
                                    technology issues; and
                                        ``(VII) providing on-bicycle
                                    education to elementary school and
                                    secondary school students.
                                ``(iii) Nonmotorist defined.--In this
                            subparagraph, the term `nonmotorist' means--
                                        ``(I) a pedestrian, including a
                                    roadway worker;
                                        ``(II) an individual using a
                                    bicycle or other cycle solely propelled
                                    by human power, and those than can be
                                    propelled by human power and by motor;
                                        ``(III) an individual using a
                                    device designed for low-speed
                                    transportation, personal mobility
                                    assistance, or recreation, which can be
                                    motorized and human-powered, but not
                                    propelled by pedaling; and
                                        ``(IV) other nonoccupant road
                                    users.
                        ``(F) Speeding.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In any case in which a
                            State has an average speeding fatality rate
                            that is greater than 75 percent of the national
                            average fatality rate, such State shall expend
                            not less than 6.3 percent of the funds provided
                            under this section to implement programs to
                            reduce the prevalence of speeding.
                                ``(ii) Eligible activities.--Funds required
                            to be expended in accordance with this
                            subparagraph may be used by a State for--
                                        ``(I) high-visibility enforcement
                                    efforts;
                                        ``(II) educating the public through
                                    advertising containing information
                                    about the dangers of speeding;
                                        ``(III) funding law enforcement
                                    costs related to the enforcement of
                                    posted speed limits;
                                        ``(IV) purchasing and deploying
                                    dynamic speed displays and feedback
                                    signs that inform motorists about the
                                    speed of their vehicle; and
                                        ``(V) costs associated with
                                    updating roadway signage to reflect the
                                    speed limit.
                                ``(iii) Prohibition.--A State may not use
                            funds required to be expended in accordance
                            with this subparagraph to purchase or deploy
                            automated traffic enforcement systems that are
                            operated outside of a school zone or work zone.
                                ``(iv) Average speeding fatality rate
                            defined.--In this subparagraph, the term
                            `average speeding fatality rate' means the
                            number of motor vehicle crash fatalities in a
                            State that involve speeding per every
                            100,000,000 vehicle miles traveled in the
                            State, based on the average of the most
                            recently reported 3 calendar years of final
                            data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting
                            System.'';
                (4) in subsection (c), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (C)
                            through (F) as subparagraphs (D) through (G),
                            respectively;
                                (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (B)
                            the following:
                        ``(C) provide for a statewide plan to reduce
                    driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or the
                    combination of alcohol and drugs;'';
                                (iii) in subparagraph (D), as so
                            redesignated, by striking ``40 percent'' and
                            inserting ``20 percent''; and
                                (iv) in subparagraph (G)(ii), as so
                            redesignated, by inserting ``distracted
                            driving,'' after ``impaired driving,''; and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
                ``(3) Technical assistance.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide
                    technical assistance to States and local governments
                    with respect to improving the timeliness, accuracy,
                    completeness, uniformity, integration, and public
                    accessibility of State safety data that is needed to
                    identify priorities for highway traffic safety
                    programs, including--
                                ``(i) tracking and analyzing the role of
                            drugs in serious injury and fatal traffic
                            crashes;
                                ``(ii) aligning a State's data collection
                            system with the Model Minimum Uniform Crash
                            Criteria;
                                ``(iii) assisting local governments in
                            accessing and integrating State safety data
                            into transportation planning; and
                                ``(iv) reporting underride crashes.
                        ``(B) Underride crash defined.--In this paragraph,
                    the term `underride crash' means--
                                ``(i) a crash in which a trailer,
                            semitrailer, or single unit truck intrudes into
                            the passenger compartment of a passenger motor
                            vehicle; or
                                ``(ii) a crash in which a vulnerable road
                            user (as the term is defined in section
                            148(a)), slides under a trailer, semitrailer,
                            or single unit truck.'';
                (5) in subsection (d), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)(C)(ii) by striking ``2
                    percent'' and inserting ``1 percent''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (4)(A) by striking ``paragraph''
                    and inserting ``section'';
                (6) in subsection (m), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)(ii) by inserting
                            ``including addressing national priority safety
                            initiatives, if applicable'' after ``under this
                            subsection''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                        (I) by redesignating clauses (ii)
                                    through (iv) as clauses (iii) through
                                    (v), respectively;
                                        (II) by inserting after clause (i)
                                    the following:
                                ``(ii) for each national priority safety
                            initiative, a comparison of a State's achieved
                            safety level with the national average fatality
                            rate and the Secretary's determination of
                            whether a State shall be subject to a minimum
                            expenditure required under subsection (b);'';
                            and
                                        (III) in clause (iii), as so
                                    redesignated, by inserting ``including
                                    projects and subrecipients that address
                                    national priority safety initiatives,
                                    if applicable,'' after ``upcoming grant
                                    year''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(A) by inserting ``and
                    addressing national priority safety initiatives, if
                    applicable'' after ``of the State'';
                (7) in subsection (n)(2)(B), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in clause (ix)--
                                (i) by striking ``increase'' and inserting
                            ``increasing''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                        (B) by redesignating clause (x) as clause (xi); and
                        (C) by inserting after clause (ix) the following:
                                ``(x) increasing teen driver awareness of
                            work zone safety to prevent crashes and reduce
                            injuries and fatalities; and''; and
                (8) in subsection (o), as so redesignated, by adding at the
            end the following:
                ``(3) Public dashboard.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall make publicly available in an easily
            identifiable location on the website of the Department of
            Transportation a dashboard that displays the following
            information by fiscal year:
                        ``(A) A detailed analysis of the projects funded by
                    each State in carrying out programs pursuant to
                    subsection (a)(2)(A).
                        ``(B) A detailed analysis of the projects funded by
                    each State in administering State highway safety
                    programs pursuant to subsection (b).
                        ``(C) A detailed analysis of the projects funded
                    nationwide under subsections (a)(2)(A) and (b),
                    respectively.
                        ``(D) Each State's safety performance targets in
                    each of the preceding 10 years.
                        ``(E) Each State's achieved safety level for each
                    performance measure in each of the preceding 10 years.
                        ``(F) Each State's annual activity measure targets
                    in each of the preceding 10 years.
                        ``(G) Each State's achieved activity level for each
                    activity measure in each of the preceding 10 years.''.
        (b) National Priority Safety Programs.--
                (1) Repeal.--Section 405 of title 23, United States Code,
            and the item relating to such section in the analysis for
            chapter 4 of such title are repealed.
                (2) Conforming amendments.--
                        (A) Minimum penalties for repeat offenders for
                    driving while intoxicated or driving under the
                    influence.--Section 164(a)(1) of title 23, United
                    States Code, is amended by striking ``section
                    405(d)(7)(A)'' and inserting ``section
                    402(b)(3)(iv)(I)''.
                        (B) High-visibility enforcement program.--Section
                    404(d)(1) of title 23, United States Code, is amended
                    by striking ``sections 402 and 405'' and inserting
                    ``section 402''.
                        (C) General requirements for federal assistance.--
                    Section 406(a) of title 23, United States Code, is
                    amended by striking ``section 402 or 405'' and
                    inserting ``section 402''.
                        (D) National priority safety program grant
                    eligibility.--Section 4010 of the FAST Act (129 Stat.
                    1511) is repealed.
        (c) Review of Consolidation.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 4 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall conduct a
            study to assess the efficacy and roadway safety impact of
            combining the Highway Safety and National Priority Safety grant
            programs.
                (2) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to
            the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
            of the House of Representatives a report on the results of the
            study conducted under paragraph (1), including--
                        (A) a recommendation on if the Highway Safety and
                    National Priority Safety grant programs should remain
                    consolidated;
                        (B) an assessment of whether the grant
                    consolidation described in paragraph (1) coincides with
                    a reduction in roadway crashes, deaths, and injuries;
                    and
                        (C) recommendations to improve the transparency and
                    efficacy of the Highway Safety Grant program under
                    section 402 of title 23, United States Code.

    SEC. 4003. HIGHWAY SAFETY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

        (a) In General.--Section 403 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (F) by striking ``(E)'' and
                    inserting ``(F)'';
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as
                    subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the
                    following:
                        ``(E) digital infrastructure technologies designed
                    to improve roadway safety and prevent crashes;'';
                (2) by striking subsection (h)(5) and inserting the
            following:
                ``(5) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, the Administrator shall
            submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
            the House of Representatives, the Committee on Science, Space,
            and Technology of the House of Representatives, and the
            Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
            Senate, a report on the actions taken by--
                        ``(A) the Administrator in carrying out the
                    collaborative research effort described in paragraph
                    (2) to transfer the research findings and technology
                    developed under this subsection to the automotive
                    manufacturing industry; and
                        ``(B) the National Highway Traffic Safety
                    Administration and the automotive manufacturing
                    industry to deploy the research findings and technology
                    developed under this subsection in consumer-ready
                    vehicles.'';
                (3) by redesignating subsections (i) through (m) as
            subsections (k), (l), (m), (n), and (o), respectively;
                (4) by inserting after subsection (h) the following:
        ``(i) Marijuana and Polysubstance Impairment Research.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out, in
            coordination with heads of relevant Federal agencies, a
            collaborative research effort to--
                        ``(A) study the effect that marijuana and
                    polysubstance impairment has on driving;
                        ``(B) analyze measures to detect and reduce
                    incidences of driving under the influence of marijuana
                    or polysubstance use, utilizing--
                                ``(i) law enforcement training;
                                ``(ii) roadside testing technologies;
                                ``(iii) toxicology labs; and
                                ``(iv) education campaigns; and
                        ``(C) propose evidence-based impairment standards
                    for marijuana or polysubstance use.
                ``(2) Reports.--The Secretary shall submit to the Committee
            on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives, the Committee on Science, Space, and
            Technology of the House of Representatives, and the Committee
            on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate an
            annual report that--
                        ``(A) describes the progress made in carrying out
                    the collaborative research effort; and
                        ``(B) includes an accounting for the use of Federal
                    funds obligated or expended in carrying out such
                    effort.
                ``(3) Polysubstance defined.--In this subsection, the term
            `polysubstance' means consumption by an individual of 2 or more
            potentially impairing substances simultaneously, or within a
            short period, including--
                        ``(A) alcohol;
                        ``(B) marijuana;
                        ``(C) prescription medications;
                        ``(D) over-the-counter medications; or
                        ``(E) illicit drugs.
        ``(j) National Drug Involved Crash Data Collection System.--
                ``(1) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a
            national drug involved crash data collection system (in this
            subsection referred to as the `system') to--
                        ``(A) collect standardized toxicology data from
                    States for fatal and serious injury crashes;
                        ``(B) link crash data with medical, coroner,
                    hospital, and emergency medical services records; and
                        ``(C) provide model protocols for specimen
                    collection, testing, and reporting.
                ``(2) Grant authority.--In establishing the system, the
            Secretary may award grants to States to--
                        ``(A) pilot enhanced data collection; and
                        ``(B) support toxicology labs, specimen collection,
                    training, data systems, and data linkage.
                ``(3) Privacy protections.--Any data made available to the
            public pursuant to this subsection shall be deidentified before
            such data is made available to the public and used in
            compliance with Federal and State privacy laws, including the
            Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
            (Public Law 104-191), as applicable.
                ``(4) Report.--The Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) analyze trends, substance types, and
                    geographic patterns collected under the system;
                        ``(B) submit to the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the
                    Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the
                    House of Representatives, and the Committee on
                    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate an
                    annual report for each of fiscal years 2027 through
                    2031 on the results of the analysis under subparagraph
                    (A); and
                        ``(C) make such report publicly available.
                ``(5) Funding.--To carry out this subsection, the Secretary
            shall obligate from funds made available to carry out this
            section--
                        ``(A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $22,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $23,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        ``(E) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.'';
                (5) in subsection (n), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)(B)(ii)(I) by inserting ``via
                    mail or electronically'' after ``that motor vehicle'';
                    and
                        (B) in paragraph (4)(A) by striking ``fiscal years
                    2022 through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027
                    through 2031''; and
                (6) in subsection (o)(1), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``, other than traffic enforcement,'' and inserting ``including
            such countermeasures used in coordination with traffic
            enforcement''.
        (b) Impaired Driving Technology Industry Roundtable.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall host an industry
            roundtable to discuss--
                        (A) the latest innovations in in-vehicle technology
                    to prevent alcohol-impaired driving;
                        (B) the efforts of the Department to transfer the
                    research findings and technology developed under
                    section 403(h)(2) of title 23, United States Code, to
                    the automotive manufacturing industry; and
                        (C) the plans of the Department to educate
                    consumers about the technology.
                (2) Attendees.--In hosting the roundtable described under
            this subsection, the Secretary shall invite--
                        (A) representatives of the automotive manufacturing
                    industry;
                        (B) representatives of automotive suppliers of
                    vehicle impairment prevention technology;
                        (C) highway safety researchers;
                        (D) victims and survivors of impaired driving
                    crashes;
                        (E) representatives of the vehicle insurance
                    industry;
                        (F) representatives of the alcohol industry; and
                        (G) representatives of anti-impaired driving
                    advocacy organizations.
                (3) Consideration.--In carrying out the report under
            section 403(h)(5) of title 23, United States Code (as amended
            by this Act), the Secretary shall consider the findings of the
            roundtable hosted under this subsection.
        (c) Briefing.--Not later than 15 days after the submission of the
    report required under section 403(h)(5) of title 23, United States Code
    (as amended by this Act), the Secretary shall brief the Committees on
    Transportation and Infrastructure and Science, Space, and Technology of
    the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation of the Senate on the contents of the report.
        (d) Implementation Timeline.--
                (1) Model protocols.--Not later than 1 year after the date
            of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall publish the model
            protocols required pursuant to section 403(j)(1)(C) of title
            23, United States Code (as amended by this Act).
                (2) Submission of data.--Not later than 3 years after the
            date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall ensure that
            the system established under subsection (j) of section 403 of
            title 23, United States Code (as amended by this Act), has
            begun collecting standardized toxicology data from States for
            fatal and serious injury crashes pursuant to paragraph (1)(A)
            of such subsection.

    SEC. 4004. HIGH-VISIBILITY ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 404 of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``2022 through 2026'' and
            inserting ``2027 through 2031'';
                (2) in subsection (b) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Reduce motor vehicle speeding in excess of the posted
            speed limit.'';
                (3) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (i); and
                (4) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
        ``(f) School Bus Safety Campaign.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish and
            implement a public safety messaging campaign that uses public
            safety media messages, posters, digital media messages, and
            other media messages distributed to States, State departments
            of motor vehicles, schools, and other public outlets to--
                        ``(A) highlight the importance of addressing the
                    illegal passing of school buses; and
                        ``(B) educate students and the public regarding the
                    safe loading and unloading of school buses.
                ``(2) Consultation.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall consult with--
                        ``(A) representatives of the school bus industry
                    from the public and private sectors;
                        ``(B) State highway safety offices; and
                        ``(C) any other stakeholder determined appropriate
                    by the Secretary.
                ``(3) Requirements.--In producing and distributing the
            national public safety messaging campaign under paragraph (1),
            the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) include television advertising and
                    advertising time on key national broadcasts with a wide
                    audience as part of the campaign;
                        ``(B) include radio, social media, and edge service
                    advertising as part of the campaign; and
                        ``(C) ensure that the campaign is not limited to
                    digital downloads or regional distribution.
                ``(4) Updates.--The Secretary shall periodically update the
            materials used in the campaign under paragraph (1).
                ``(5) Advertising.--The Secretary may use, or authorize the
            use of, funds made available to carry out this section to pay
            for the development, production, and use of broadcast and print
            media advertising and internet-based outreach for the education
            campaign under paragraph (1).
        ``(g) Car Seat Safety Campaign.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, the Secretary of
            Transportation shall carry out an education campaign on the
            dangers associated with noncompliant or counterfeit child
            restraint systems, including--
                        ``(A) information on car seats and booster seats
                    that do not meet Federal safety standards under
                    sections 571.213 and 571.213b of title 49, Code of
                    Federal Regulations, or any successor regulations; and
                        ``(B) methods for identifying and avoiding such
                    systems.
                ``(2) Advertising.--The Secretary may use, or authorize the
            use of, funds made available to carry out this section to pay
            for the development, production, and use of broadcast, print,
            and digital advertising and outreach for the education campaign
            under paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Coordination.--In carrying out the education campaign
            under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with--
                        ``(A) interested State and local governments;
                        ``(B) private industry; and
                        ``(C) other parties, as determined by the
                    Secretary.
        ``(h) Traffic Safety Enforcement Center of Excellence.--
                ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 2 years after the date
            of enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, the Secretary shall
            establish, in coordination with relevant Federal agencies, a
            Traffic Safety Enforcement Center of Excellence (referred to in
            this subsection as the `Center').
                ``(2) Purpose.--The purpose of the Center shall be to
            provide technical assistance to State highway safety offices
            and law enforcement agencies on maximizing efficient and
            effective traffic safety enforcement of hazardous driving
            behaviors to reduce fatalities and injuries on public roads.
                ``(3) Partnerships.--In establishing the Center, the
            Secretary shall enter into appropriate partnerships with any
            institution of higher education (as defined in section 101 of
            the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) or public or
            private research entity.
                ``(4) Duties.--The duties of the Center shall include--
                        ``(A) providing State highway safety offices and
                    law enforcement agencies with expertise, tools, and
                    support relating to traffic safety enforcement;
                        ``(B) promoting evidence-based strategies and best
                    practice protocols for enforcement against hazardous
                    driving, including targeted, cost-effective drunk-
                    driving patrols, alcohol- and drug-impaired driving,
                    speeding, and distracted driving enforcement, and
                    coordinated traffic safety campaigns proven to reduce
                    roadway fatalities and injuries;
                        ``(C) assisting State highway safety offices and
                    law enforcement agencies with--
                                ``(i) using real-time data systems to
                            identify high-crash corridors and target
                            enforcement resources in the most efficient
                            manner, including by delivering standardized
                            training;
                                ``(ii) assessing current enforcement
                            practices and identifying gaps in enforcement;
                            and
                                ``(iii) leveraging programs under section
                            402 by providing technical assistance on
                            program development and outcome measurement
                            tools;
                        ``(D) assessing and demonstrating new roadside
                    technologies, data-driven deployment models, and
                    enforcement strategies, and sharing the results of such
                    assessments and demonstrations to increase adoption of
                    effective tools; and
                        ``(E) collaborating with, and providing support on,
                    traffic safety enforcement to all operating
                    administrations of the Department.
                ``(5) Funding.--The Secretary shall obligate from funds
            made available to carry out this section for fiscal years 2027
            through 2031 not more than $5,000,000 to establish the
            Center.''.
        (b) Report on Staffing Needs.--Not later than 90 days after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall report to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee of Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on staffing needs and the staffing plan
    for the Traffic Safety Enforcement Center of Excellence established
    under section 404(h) of title 23, United States Code (as added by this
    section), including a plan to appoint detailees from relevant modal
    operating administrations to support the staff of such Center of
    Excellence.
        (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 24110 of the Infrastructure
    Investment and Jobs Act (23 U.S.C. 402 note) is amended by striking
    subsection (b).

    SEC. 4005. PROTECTION OF SAFETY DATA.

        Section 407 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``compiled or collected'' and inserting
            ``that are compiled, collected, or provided by a unit of State
            or local government'';
                (2) by inserting ``or for the purpose of developing and
            implementing a State strategic highway safety plan (as such
            term is defined in section 148(a))'' after ``crossings'';
                (3) by inserting ``134, 135,'' before ``144,''; and
                (4) by striking ``developing any highway'' and inserting
            ``developing or planning for any highway''.

    SEC. 4006. ANNUAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall review the implementation of section
    1300.35(b) of title 23, Code of Federal Regulations, to ensure the
    administrative burden is appropriate relative to the amount of Federal
    funding provided.
        (b) Briefing.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall brief the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the review
    conducted under subsection (a).
        (c) Savings Clause.--Nothing in subsection (a) shall be construed
    to direct the Secretary to change the substance of the reporting
    requirements in section 1300.35(b) of title 23, Code of Federal
    Regulations.

    SEC. 4007. COORDINATION OF FEDERAL HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC SAFETY PROGRAMS.

        (a) Improved Alignment of Program Requirements and Timelines.--The
    Secretary shall, in coordination with State departments of
    transportation and State highway safety offices, take such actions,
    consistent with statute, to enhance roadway safety through improving
    coordination and data sharing between--
                (1) the Highway Safety Improvement Program under section
            148 of title 23, United States Code;
                (2) the highway safety grant programs administered by the
            National Highway Traffic Safety Administration under section
            402 of title 23, United States Code; and
                (3) the Highway Performance Monitoring System.
        (b) Requirements.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary
    shall--
                (1) promote a unified, data-driven approach to the
            reduction and elimination of traffic fatalities and serious
            injuries;
                (2) better align Federal program requirements, planning
            cycles, and reporting timelines to reduce administrative burden
            on States;
                (3) increase flexibility for States to achieve approved
            State Strategic Highway Safety Plans and Highway Safety Plans
            performance targets; and
                (4) ensure that data collection, analysis, and reporting
            requirements meaningfully contribute to safety outcomes.
        (c) Actions to Reduce Administrative Burden.--In carrying out this
    section, the Secretary shall--
                (1) evaluate and revise administrative and reporting
            requirements under the programs described in subsection (a) to
            ensure that such requirements--
                        (A) meaningfully contribute to safety outcomes; and
                        (B) appropriately use Federal funds.
                (2) conduct an objective analysis, in consultation with
            State departments of transportation and State highway safety
            offices, of the cost estimates and burden impacts of planning,
            coordination, and public engagement requirements, including
            such requirements related to data collection, Federal
            interagency coordination, and target setting, and update such
            cost estimates based on actual State experiences;
                (3) review and revise, as appropriate, performance target-
            setting and compliance procedures consistent with the statutory
            requirement for States to establish safety performance targets;
            and
                (4) ensure the protection of data, analyses, reports, and
            related materials submitted by States pursuant to section
            148(h) of title 23, United States Code, from legal discovery or
            use in liability proceedings, to the maximum extent permitted
            under Federal law.
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the
    Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate, and the
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    summary report of the findings under subsection (c).
        (e) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to
    direct the Secretary to alter or amend the content of the performance
    targets associated with any of the programs described in subsection
    (a).

    SEC. 4008. HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS TRANSPORTATION
                  RULEMAKING COMMITTEE.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a transportation
    rulemaking committee, and designate such committee pursuant to section
    102(k) of title 49, United States Code, to--
                (1) analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of the
            administration of highway safety grants under chapter 4 of
            title 23, United States Code; and
                (2) recommend regulatory changes to promote a unified,
            data-driven approach to the reduction and elimination of
            traffic fatalities and serious injuries under part 1200 of
            title 23, Code of Federal Regulations.
        (b) Membership.--The transportation rulemaking committee
    established under subsection (a) shall consist of the following members
    appointed by the Secretary:
                (1) Traffic safety industry professionals.
                (2) Representatives from up to 4 State highway safety
            offices from different geographic regions.
                (3) Roadway safety advocates, including--
                        (A) at least 1 representative of an anti-impaired
                    driving advocacy organization;
                        (B) at least 1 representative of a general roadway
                    safety advocacy organization;
                        (C) at least 1 representative of a nonmotorized
                    safety advocacy organization; and
                        (D) at least 1 representative of a motorcyclist
                    safety advocacy organization.
                (4) At least 1 representative of a State law enforcement
            organization.
                (5) At least 1 member of local government or a local
            government advocacy organization.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the
    transportation rulemaking committee under subsection (a) is
    established, the transportation rulemaking committee shall submit to
    the Secretary a report detailing the findings and recommendations
    developed under subsection (a), including recommendations to--
                (1) streamline review and approval procedures of State
            highway safety plans under subpart B of part 1200 of title 23,
            Code of Federal Regulations; and
                (2) reduce the administrative resources necessary for
            compliance with grant requirements under subpart D of such
            part.
        (d) Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the date on
    which the Secretary receives the report under subsection (c), the
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate--
                (1) a summary of the findings and recommendations under the
            report, including--
                        (A) if applicable, any dissenting positions on the
                    findings and the rationale for each position; and
                        (B) any disagreements with the recommendations,
                    including the rationale for each disagreement and the
                    reasons for the disagreement; and
                (2) for each recommendation--
                        (A) the Secretary intends to implement, a
                    description of the implementation plan of the Secretary
                    and timeline for implementation; and
                        (B) the Secretary does not intend to implement, an
                    explanation as to why the Secretary does not intend to
                    implement such recommendation.

    SEC. 4009. ESTABLISHMENT OF ROADWAY WORKER PROTECTION INTERAGENCY
                  WORKING GROUP.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish or designate an
    interagency working group to make recommendations regarding the
    protection of roadway workers.
        (b) Membership.--The interagency working group under subsection (a)
    shall be comprised of representatives from--
                (1) the Federal Highway Administration;
                (2) the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration;
                (3) the Occupational Safety and Health Administration; and
                (4) such other Federal agencies as the Secretary determines
            appropriate.
        (c) Duties.--The interagency working group under subsection (a)
    shall--
                (1) review and analyze any limitations regarding data
            collection for fatal and non-fatal motor vehicle crashes in
            work zones; and
                (2) provide recommendations to--
                        (A) address any limitations in data collection
                    identified under paragraph (1);
                        (B) increase the use and effectiveness of work zone
                    safety contingency funds;
                        (C) encourage local adoption of the Model Minimum
                    Uniform Crash Criteria;
                        (D) improve local data sharing on work zone crashes
                    with the National Highway Traffic Safety
                    Administration; and
                        (E) update educational materials and public
                    awareness campaigns to improve work zone safety.
        (d) Consultation.--In conducting the activities under subsection
    (c), the interagency working group shall consult with--
                (1) State transportation officials;
                (2) non-governmental entities, including--
                        (A) roadway contractors;
                        (B) roadway pavers;
                        (C) roadway engineers;
                        (D) representatives from labor organizations
                    representing transportation workers; and
                        (E) traffic safety industry professionals; and
                (3) any other stakeholders the Secretary determines
            appropriate.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the
    interagency working group is established under subsection (a), the
    interagency working group shall submit to the Secretary a report on the
    recommendations of the working group based on the identification and
    analysis under subsection (c).
        (f) Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the date on
    which the Secretary receives the report under subsection (d), the
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and the Committee
    on Environment and Public Works of the Senate--
                (1) a summary of the findings and recommendations under the
            report; and
                (2) for each recommendation--
                        (A) the Secretary intends to implement, a
                    description of the implementation plan of the Secretary
                    and timeline for implementation; and
                        (B) the Secretary does not intend to implement, an
                    explanation as to why the Secretary does not intend to
                    implement such recommendation.
        (g) Termination.--The interagency working group under subsection
    (a) shall terminate on the date that is 180 days after the date on
    which the Secretary receives the report under subsection (e).

    SEC. 4010. MOTORCYCLE ADVISORY COUNCIL.

        Section 355(e) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read
    as follows:
        ``(e) Sunset.--The Council shall terminate on October 1, 2031.''.

    SEC. 4011. MOTORCYCLE CHECKPOINT FUNDING.

        Section 4007 of the FAST Act (23 U.S.C. 153 note) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``or'' at the end;
                (2) in paragraph (2) by striking the period at the end and
            inserting ``; or''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
                ``(3) that otherwise profiles and stops motorcycle
            operators or motorcycle passengers solely on the basis of the
            mode of transportation of such operators or passengers.''.

    SEC. 4012. PULSATING LIGHT SYSTEMS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall convene a transportation
    rulemaking committee, and designate such committee pursuant to section
    102(k) of title 49, United States Code, to consider--
                (1) whether pulsating light systems are compliant with
            Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard Number 108, contained in
            section 571.108 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                (2) if there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate
            pulsating light systems reduce traffic crashes and associated
            deaths and injuries resulting from traffic crashes.
        (b) Membership.--The transportation rulemaking committee
    established under subsection (a) shall consist of members appointed by
    the Secretary, including--
                (1) automotive industry professionals;
                (2) experts in human distraction and attention;
                (3) experts in vehicle technology safety;
                (4) highway safety professionals; and
                (5) other stakeholders the Secretary determines
            appropriate.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the
    transportation rulemaking committee under subsection (a) is
    established, the transportation rulemaking committee shall submit to
    the Secretary a report detailing the findings and recommendations
    developed under subsection (a), including a determination on if changes
    to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108 are warranted and, if so
    determined, recommendations for such changes.
        (d) Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the date on
    which the Secretary receives the report under subsection (c), the
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate--
                (1) a summary of the findings and recommendations under the
            report; and
                (2) for each recommendation--
                        (A) the Secretary intends to implement, a
                    description of the implementation plan of the Secretary
                    and timeline for implementation; and
                        (B) the Secretary does not intend to implement, an
                    explanation as to why the Secretary does not intend to
                    implement such recommendation.
        (e) Pulsating Light System Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``pulsating light system'' means a system for a high-mounted stop lamp
    in which--
                (1) when the brake of the vehicle is applied, the lamp
            pulses rapidly not more than 4 times and for not more than 1.2
            seconds, after which such lamp converts to a continuous light
            as a normal stop lamp until the time such brake is released;
            and
                (2) the pulses described in paragraph (1) do not repeat
            upon a subsequent application of the brake of the vehicle for a
            lock-out period of at least 5 seconds after the release of the
            brake described in paragraph (1).

    SEC. 4013. MINIMALLY OBSTRUCTED FORWARD-FACING VIEW IN MOTORCOACHES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the
    National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, shall prescribe motor
    vehicle safety standards to require that all new covered motorcoaches
    manufactured for sale in the United States have a minimally obstructed
    forward-facing view from the driver's seat of the covered motorcoach.
        (b) Exception.--In prescribing motor vehicle safety standards under
    subsection (a), the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the
    National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, shall ensure that a
    covered motorcoach satisfies such standards if the covered motorcoach
    utilizes a camera or other technological means--
                (1) to allow for a minimally obstructed forward-facing view
            from the driver's seat of the covered motorcoach that expands
            the range of the forward-facing view of the driver or provides
            a view of an obstructed area; and
                (2) that complies with Standard 101.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered motorcoach.--The term ``covered motorcoach''
            has the meaning given the term ``bus'' in section 571.3(b) of
            title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (2) Standard 101.--The term ``Standard 101'' means Federal
            Motor Vehicle Safety Standard Number 101, contained in section
            571.101 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 4014. REVISION OF STUDENT SAFETY GUIDELINES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall revise the Highway Safety Program
    Guideline Number 14 to encourage nonmotorist safety education for
    elementary and secondary school students. In revising the guidelines,
    the Secretary shall ensure that such guidelines--
                (1) encourage on-bicycle training that promotes bicycling
            skills and safe practices;
                (2) increase awareness and proficiency in navigating
            roadways;
                (3) emphasize traffic rules;
                (4) describe safety precautions; and
                (5) emphasize the importance of helmet use.
        (b) Consultation and Dissemination.--In carrying out the revision
    under subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
                (1) consult with practitioners involved in nonmotorist
            safety education efforts to update any existing nonmotorist
            safety materials and curriculum for elementary and secondary
            schools; and
                (2) disseminate new model curriculum and guidelines on
            nonmotorist safety education for elementary and secondary
            school students to State educational agencies.
        (c) Report Required.--Not later than 2 years after the Secretary
    revises guidelines under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to
    the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report on--
                (1) the status of implementation of the updated guidelines
            described in subsection (a), including--
                        (A) any materials and curriculum revised under this
                    section; and
                        (B) a process for tracking implementation;
                (2) consultation efforts to revise such guidelines and
            related materials; and
                (3) efforts to disseminate the guidance to State
            educational agencies, including training efforts and promotion,
            including opportunities for States to share implementation
            challenges and successes.

    SEC. 4015. MICROMOBILITY SAFETY.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall conduct a study on the safety of
    micromobility transportation devices and technology, with a focus on
    children and young adults.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study under paragraph (1),
    the Secretary shall consider the following:
                (1) Relevant crash data, including the micromobility
            transportation device and technology type and speed involved in
            a crash, the type of infrastructure on which a crash occurred,
            and, if vehicles were involved in such crashes, the speed of
            such vehicles.
                (2) State laws that may govern operator age, helmet use,
            insurance, or registration requirements.
                (3) How different micromobility transportation devices and
            technologies impact safety, including--
                        (A) motor power of the technology or device; and
                        (B) maximum speed of the technology or device on a
                    paved level surface when powered solely by a motor.
                (4) Consumer education efforts on how nonmotorized road
            users may safely navigate streets.
        (c) Report.--The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report that details the findings of the study conducted under
    subsection (a).
        (d) Micromobility Transportation Device and Technology Defined.--In
    this section, the term ``micromobility transportation device and
    technology'' means a small, low-speed, personal transportation device,
    including a device defined under section 217(j)(2)(A) of title 23,
    United States Code, that is--
                (1) electric or human-powered;
                (2) primarily used for a short-distance trip or urban
            travel; and
                (3) has a maximum speed of not more than 20 miles per hour
            on a paved level surface when powered solely by a motor.

    SEC. 4016. GAO STUDY ON HIGHWAY SAFETY DATA QUALITY.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall conduct a study on the quality
    of highway safety data collected and utilized for programs administered
    by the Secretary under title 23, United States Code, including an
    evaluation of the accuracy and consistency of data reported to the
    Fatality Analysis Reporting System (in this section referred to as the
    ``FARS'').
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall review--
                (1) highway safety data reporting requirements and
            timelines;
                (2) State and local law enforcement agency compliance with
            FARS reporting requirements, including level of adoption of the
            most recent Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria guidelines;
                (3) processes undertaken by States and local law
            enforcement agencies to collect and report data to FARS,
            including underride crash data and potential inconsistencies in
            identifying underride crashes;
                (4) the oversight mechanisms of the Secretary for data
            collection and quality assurance of State-submitted safety
            data, including protocols for--
                        (A) evaluating the accuracy, completeness,
                    uniformity, integration, and accessibility of highway
                    safety data;
                        (B) identifying and correcting errors in State-
                    submitted safety data; and
                        (C) verifying reported data on underride crashes,
                    including underride crashes that involve a vulnerable
                    road user;
                (5) reliability, transparency, and accountability in the
            use of predictive analytics, telematics, and other data-driven
            tools used to collect highway safety data;
                (6) data security measures and protections for personally
            identifiable information in highway safety data systems;
                (7) adherence to information dissemination quality
            guidelines;
                (8) the effects of data quality on the ability of the
            Secretary to assess State safety performance targets, including
            such targets linked to Federal funding; and
                (9) the potential effects of FARS underride crash data
            quality on related National Highway Traffic Safety
            Administration activities.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consult with relevant
    stakeholders, including--
                (1) State departments of transportation;
                (2) State highway safety offices;
                (3) a non-profit scientific and educational organization
            focused on improving highway safety and reducing roadway
            deaths;
                (4) representatives of roadway safety advocacy
            organizations, including representatives of motor carrier
            safety organizations;
                (5) local law enforcement;
                (6) the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; and
                (7) any other relevant stakeholders, as determined by the
            Comptroller General.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on the results of the study conducted under subsection (a) and
    any associated recommendations.

                            TITLE V--MOTOR CARRIERS

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

    SEC. 5001. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

        (a) Financial Assistance Programs.--Section 31104 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking subsection (a) and inserting
    the following:
        ``(a) Financial Assistance Programs.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit
    Account)--
                ``(1) subject to subsection (c), to carry out the motor
            carrier safety assistance program under section 31102 (other
            than the high priority program under subsection (l) of such
            section)--
                        ``(A) $435,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $446,500,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $456,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $467,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        ``(E) $478,000,000 for fiscal year 2031;
                ``(2) subject to subsection (c), to carry out the high
            priority program under section 31102(l) (other than the
            commercial motor vehicle enforcement training and support grant
            program under paragraph (5) of such section)--
                        ``(A) $66,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $69,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $72,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        ``(E) $78,000,000 for fiscal year 2031;
                ``(3) to carry out the multiyear commercial motor vehicle
            enforcement training and support grant program under section
            31102(l)(5), $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through
            2031;
                ``(4) to carry out the commercial motor vehicle operator
            safety training grant program under section 31103, $5,000,000
            for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031; and
                ``(5) subject to subsection (c), to carry out the financial
            assistance program for commercial driver's license
            implementation under section 31313--
                        ``(A) $48,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $51,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $53,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        ``(E) $56,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.''.
        (b) Administrative Expenses.--Section 31110 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking subsection (a) and inserting the
    following:
        ``(a) Administrative Expenses.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit
    Account) to pay administrative expenses of the Federal Motor Carrier
    Safety Administration--
                ``(1) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                ``(2) $407,500,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                ``(3) $417,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                ``(4) $426,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                ``(5) $435,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.''.

    SEC. 5002. IMPROVEMENTS TO ENFORCEMENT TRAINING AND SUPPORT GRANT
                  PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 31102(l)(5)(B) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended to read as follows:
                        ``(B) Purposes.--The purposes of the grant program
                    under subparagraph (A) are--
                                ``(i) to train non-Federal employees who--
                                        ``(I) conduct commercial motor
                                    vehicle enforcement activities; or
                                        ``(II) instruct and train non-
                                    Federal employees described in
                                    subclause (I); and
                                ``(ii) to develop related training
                            materials.''.
        (b) Inspector Standards.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier
    Safety Administration shall issue such regulations as are necessary to
    revise part 385 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to
    incorporate by reference the relevant certification and training
    standards for roadside inspectors and instructors issued by the
    Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance as of the date of enactment of this
    Act.

    SEC. 5003. MAINTENANCE OF EFFORT.

        Section 31102(f)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in the paragraph heading by striking ``after fiscal
            year 2017''; and
                (2) by striking ``baseline after the year in which the
            Secretary implements a new allocation formula under section
            5106 of the FAST Act, and this'' and inserting ``. This''.

    SEC. 5004. AMENDMENTS TO COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS GRANT
                  PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 31103 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) by striking the section heading and inserting
            ``Commercial motor vehicle operator safety training grant
            program''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) High Quality Training Providers.--The Secretary may develop
    additional quality and performance metrics to identify and prioritize
    awards to high quality training providers.
        ``(e) Behind the Wheel Training Hours Set Aside.--Of the total
    amount made available to carry out the program under this section for
    each fiscal year, not less than 50 percent shall be awarded for
    entities that require--
                ``(1) Class A commercial driver's license driver-trainees
            to receive a minimum of 30 hours of behind-the-wheel training,
            with a minimum of 10 hours on a driving range; and
                ``(2) Class B commercial driver's license driver-trainees
            to receive a minimum of 15 hours of behind-the-wheel training,
            with a minimum of 7 hours of public road driving.
        ``(f) Eligible Entities.--Only entities listed on the State
    employment and training provider list maintained under section 122 of
    the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3152) shall be
    eligible to receive funding under this section.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 311 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to
    section 31103 and inserting the following:

    ``31103. Commercial motor vehicle operator safety training grant
                                program.''.

    SEC. 5005. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR EXEMPTIONS.

        Section 31315 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (4)(A) by inserting ``, including
                    data submission requirements,'' after ``terms and
                    conditions''; and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (8) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(8) Terms and conditions.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish
                    terms and conditions for each exemption to ensure that
                    the exemption will not likely degrade the level of
                    safety achieved by the person or class of persons
                    granted the exemption and allow the Secretary to
                    evaluate whether an equivalent level of safety is
                    maintained while the person or class of persons is
                    operating under such exemption.
                        ``(B) Requirements.--The terms and conditions
                    established under this section shall require--
                                ``(i) the regular submission of relevant
                            accident and incident data to the Secretary;
                                ``(ii) immediate notification to the
                            Secretary in the event of a crash that results
                            in a fatality or serious bodily injury; and
                                ``(iii) each person or class of persons
                            operating under an exemption to maintain and
                            produce upon inspection, either physically or
                            electronically, official documentation from the
                            Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration of
                            each exemption under which they are operating.
                        ``(C) Implementation.--The Secretary shall monitor
                    the implementation of the exemption to ensure
                    compliance with the terms and conditions of such
                    exemption.''; and
                (2) in subsection (e) by inserting ``, based on an analysis
            of data collected by the Secretary and submitted to the
            Secretary under subsection (b)(8)'' after ``safety''.

    SEC. 5006. BROKER QUALIFICATIONS.

        (a) Final Rule.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule implementing the
    requirements described in sections 13903(c) and 13904(c) of title 49,
    United States Code, relating to experience or qualifications for
    officers of freight brokers and freight forwarders.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, and at least once every 6 months until the final rule
    required under subsection (a) is issued, the Secretary shall brief the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on the status of the rulemaking required
    under subsection (a).

    SEC. 5007. MOTOR CARRIER COMPLAINTS.

        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary shall implement the recommendations of the Comptroller
    General in the report titled ``Motor Carrier Operations: Improvements
    Needed to Federal System for Collecting and Addressing Complaints
    against Truck, Moving, and Bus Companies'', issued on September 19,
    2023 (GAO-23-105972), by--
                (1) making all categories of complaint data public, as
            appropriate;
                (2) updating complaint review guidance;
                (3) ensuring the complaint website follows leading
            practices; and
                (4) developing an outreach plan for the complaint website.

    SEC. 5008. CABOTAGE STUDY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall seek to enter into appropriate
    arrangements with the Transportation Research Board of the National
    Academies to conduct a study of the safety and economic impacts of
    cabotage violations using commercial motor vehicles.
        (b) Consultation.--In conducting the study described in subsection
    (a), the Transportation Research Board shall consult with--
                (1) representatives of the motor carrier industry,
            including owner-operators;
                (2) representatives of law enforcement agencies;
                (3) labor organizations representing commercial motor
            vehicle drivers; and
                (4) such other stakeholders as the Transportation Research
            Board determines to be relevant.

                 Subtitle B--Commercial Motor Vehicle Operators

    SEC. 5101. PREDATORY COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE LEASE-PURCHASE AGREEMENT
                  PROGRAMS OVERSIGHT.

        (a) In General.--Section 14102 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Disclosure Form.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall require a motor
            carrier providing transportation subject to jurisdiction under
            subchapter I of chapter 135 that uses motor vehicles not owned
            by such carrier to transport property under an arrangement with
            another party to provide a disclosure form to each party
            entering into such arrangement.
                ``(2) Contents.--The disclosure form under paragraph (1)
            shall include, at a minimum, information on--
                        ``(A) weekly compensation for drivers;
                        ``(B) average weekly mileage and the schedule for
                    drivers;
                        ``(C) the number of drivers who enter into the
                    arrangement each year;
                        ``(D) the number of drivers who complete the lease
                    term;
                        ``(E) the number of drivers who buy out a truck;
                    and
                        ``(F) the average for each deduction category in
                    settlements, including fuel, insurance, registration,
                    maintenance, and escrow.
                ``(3) Template.--The Secretary shall publish and
            periodically update a disclosure form template on a website of
            the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
        ``(d) Public Awareness Campaign.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may carry out a public
            awareness campaign to increase awareness of how standard lease-
            purchase programs work, including distributing information
            related to--
                        ``(A) data on driver pay and experiences; and
                        ``(B) the prevalence of predatory commercial motor
                    vehicle lease-purchase agreement programs.
                ``(2) Predatory commercial motor vehicle lease-purchase
            agreement program defined.--In this subsection, the term
            `predatory commercial motor vehicle lease-purchase agreement
            program' means the framework of the motor carrier-driver
            relationship, including the lease-purchase agreement, the
            contract for the driver's work for the motor carrier, and the
            practices of the motor carrier in implementing the contracts
            that are not provided in the contract, including the motor
            carrier's recruitment practices, operational practices, and tax
            and finance practices, whereby the motor carrier controls the
            work, compensation, and debts of the driver, and the driver
            accrues no equity or is forced to give up equity accrued in the
            contracted truck.
        ``(e) Prohibition on Predatory Commercial Motor Vehicle Lease-
    purchase Agreement Programs.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall issue regulations to
    prohibit the use of predatory commercial motor vehicle lease-purchase
    programs by motor carriers providing transportation subject to
    jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 135.''.
        (b) Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall issue such regulations as are
    necessary to require motor carriers offering lease-purchase programs to
    maintain detailed records on the outcomes of such programs, including
    information described in section 14102(c) of title 49, United States
    Code (as added by this section).

    SEC. 5102. RESTROOM ACCESS.

        (a) Restroom Access for Drivers.--
                (1) In general.--Subchapter I of chapter 141 of title 49,
            United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
            following:
    ``Sec. 14105. Restroom access for drivers
        ``(a) In General.--A covered driver shall be granted access to any
    covered restroom facility at any covered establishment to which such
    driver--
                ``(1) delivers any goods or cargo to such covered
            establishment; or
                ``(2) is waiting at such covered establishment to transport
            goods or for cargo to be loaded.
        ``(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to require a covered establishment to make any physical
    changes to a covered restroom facility to be in compliance with this
    section.
        ``(c) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Covered driver.--The term `covered driver' means any
            commercial motor vehicle operator with respect to whom the
            Secretary of Transportation has power to establish
            qualifications and maximum hours of service pursuant to the
            provisions of section 31502.
                ``(2) Covered establishment.--The term `covered
            establishment'--
                        ``(A) means--
                                ``(i) a place of business open to the
                            general public for the sale of goods or
                            services; and
                                ``(ii) a shipper, receiver, manufacturer,
                            warehouse, distribution center, or any other
                            business entity that is receiving or sending
                            goods by commercial motor vehicle; and
                        ``(B) does not include any structure such as a
                    filling station, service station, or restaurant of 800
                    square feet or less that has a restroom located within
                    such structure that is only intended for use by
                    employees.
                ``(3) Covered restroom facility.--The term `covered
            restroom facility' means a restroom located on the premises of
            a covered establishment that is intended for use by customers
            or employees of the establishment and that is--
                        ``(A) located in an area where providing access
                    would not create an obvious health or safety risk to a
                    covered driver; and
                        ``(B) located in an area where providing access
                    would not pose an obvious security risk to the covered
                    establishment.''.
                (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 141 of
            title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the
            item relating to section 14104 the following new item:

    ``14105. Restroom access for drivers.''.
        (b) Restroom Access for Drayage Truck Operators.--
                (1) In general.--A terminal operator shall provide a
            sufficient number of covered restrooms for use by covered
            drayage truck operators in areas of the terminal to which such
            operators typically have access.
                (2) Requirements.--To be in compliance with paragraph (1),
            a terminal operator shall provide--
                        (A) access to existing restrooms for covered
                    drayage truck operators when such operators are on port
                    property and when such access does not pose an obvious
                    safety risk to such truck operators and other employees
                    of the terminal operator in the area; and
                        (B) a place for covered drayage truck operators to
                    park vehicles while accessing such restrooms.
                (3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        (A) Covered drayage truck operator.--The term
                    ``covered drayage truck operator'' means the driver of
                    any in-use on road vehicle with a gross vehicle weight
                    rating of greater than 33,000 pounds operating on or
                    moving through port or intermodal rail yard property
                    for the purpose of loading, unloading, or transporting
                    cargo, including containerized, bulk, or break-bulk
                    goods.
                        (B) Covered restroom.--The term ``covered
                    restroom'' means a restroom or portable chemical toilet
                    that is located in an area that does not pose an
                    obvious health or safety risk to a covered drayage
                    truck operator.
                        (C) Terminal operator.--The term ``terminal
                    operator''--
                                (i) means the business entity operating a
                            marine terminal for loading and unloading cargo
                            to and from marine vessels; and
                                (ii) includes the port authority if the
                            port is directly operating the marine terminal
                            in loading and unloading cargo to and from
                            marine vessels.

    SEC. 5103. APPLICATION OF COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 31301(14) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``and'' and inserting a comma; and
                (2) by inserting ``, the United States Virgin Islands, and
            Puerto Rico'' before the period.
        (b) Penalty.--Section 165(c) of title 23, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) Penalty.--The amounts treated as being apportioned to
            the United States Virgin Islands under this subsection shall be
            deemed to be required to be apportioned to the United States
            Virgin Islands under section 104(b) for purposes of the
            imposition of any penalty under this title or title 49.''.
        (c) Implementation.--The Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier
    Safety Administration shall assist the United States Virgin Islands and
    Puerto Rico in obtaining full compliance with chapter 313 of title 49,
    United States Code, and regulations adopted under such chapter.
        (d) Grace Period.--Notwithstanding section 31311(a) of title 49,
    United States Code, during the period beginning on the date of
    enactment of this Act and ending on the date that is 5 years after such
    date of enactment, the United States Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico
    shall not be subject to a withholding of an apportionment of funds
    under section 31314 of title 49, United States Code, for failure to
    comply with any requirement under section 31311(a) of such title.
        (e) Exception.--Puerto Rico may issue a commercial driver's license
    to an applicant unable to comply with the requirements under paragraph
    (5) of subsection (c) of section 383.133 of title 49, Code of Federal
    Regulations (or any successor regulation), provided any commercial
    driver's license issued by Puerto Rico under this exception shall be--
                (1) valid only in Puerto Rico; and
                (2) not transferable to any other State.

    SEC. 5104. EXTENSION OF APPRENTICESHIP PILOT PROGRAM.

        Section 23022 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public
    Law 117-58) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(3) by inserting ``, including the
            transportation of goods to and from a port,'' after
            ``interstate commerce'' each place it appears;
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) by striking ``the date that is 3 years after
                    the date of establishment of the pilot program under
                    subsection (b)(1)'' and inserting ``September 30,
                    2031''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``, including the transportation
                    of goods to and from a port,'' after ``interstate
                    commerce'';
                (3) by redesignating subsections (g), (h), and (i), as
            subsections (h), (i), and (j), respectively; and
                (4) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:
        ``(g) Savings Clause.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
    the Secretary may not condition employer or driver participation in the
    apprenticeship program on any factors not included in this section.''.

    SEC. 5105. CODIFICATION OF EXEMPTION.

        (a) In General.--A covered livestock hauling vehicle, including the
    individual operating such vehicle, shall be exempt from--
                (1) any requirement relating to hours of service, within a
            150 air-mile radius from the final destination of the
            livestock, as established under--
                        (A) subchapter III of chapter 311 of title 49,
                    United States Code; or
                        (B) chapter 315 of title 49, United States Code;
                    and
                (2) any requirement relating to electronic logging devices
            established under section 31137 of title 49, United States
            Code.
        (b) Documentation.--The Secretary shall require that each exempt
    operator maintain and produce upon inspection, either physically or
    electronically, official documentation from the Federal Motor Carrier
    Safety Administration of each exemption under which they are operating.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Commercial motor vehicle.--The term ``commercial motor
            vehicle'' has the meaning given such term in section 31132 of
            title 49, United States Code.
                (2) Covered livestock hauling vehicle.--The term ``covered
            livestock hauling vehicle'' means--
                        (A) a commercial motor vehicle transporting
                    livestock; or
                        (B) an unladen commercial motor vehicle en route to
                    pick up livestock or returning from transporting
                    livestock, as long as the commercial motor vehicle does
                    not involve transporting any non-livestock cargo and
                    the sole purpose of the trip is to make a pick-up or
                    delivery of livestock.
                (3) Livestock.--The term ``livestock'' means livestock (as
            such term is defined in section 602 of the Emergency Livestock
            Feed Assistance Act of 1988 (7 U.S.C. 1471)), including
            insects.

    SEC. 5106. MODERNIZATION OF FARM-RELATED SERVICE INDUSTRIES RESTRICTED
                  COMMERCIAL DRIVER'S LICENSES.

        (a) Online Renewal System.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue such regulations as
    are necessary to amend section 383.3(f)(3)(ii) of title 49, Code of
    Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation), to allow each State
    to develop and make available an online registration and renewal system
    for eligible employees in farm-related service industries participating
    in the seasonal restricted commercial driver's license program.
        (b) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Eligible employee.--The term ``eligible employee''
            means an employee that is eligible for and seeks to acquire a
            restricted commercial driver's license.
                (2) Farm-related service industries.--The term ``farm-
            related service industries'' has the meaning given such term in
            section 383.3(f)(1) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations
            (or any successor regulation).
                (3) Restricted commercial driver's license.--The term
            ``restricted commercial driver's license'' has the meaning
            given such term in section 383.3(f) of title 49, Code of
            Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation).

    SEC. 5107. IMPLEMENTS OF HUSBANDRY COMPILATION.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall initiate a review of--
                (1) how States define implements of husbandry under State
            law;
                (2) whether States consider implements of husbandry to be
            commercial motor vehicles under State law; and
                (3) what relevant State laws apply to implements of
            husbandry.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation
    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report
    containing--
                (1) the results of the review required under subsection
            (a); and
                (2) based on such results, a determination of whether or
            not it is appropriate to modify Federal regulations to clarify
            that implements of husbandry are not considered to be
            commercial motor vehicles.
        (c) Implements of Husbandry Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``implements of husbandry'' means vehicles or equipment, whether self-
    propelled or towed, that are either specifically designed or adapted
    exclusively for agricultural operations or services.

    SEC. 5108. PRE-TRIP VEHICLE INSPECTION TESTING WAIVER.

        (a) In General.--Notwithstanding the requirements of section
    383.113(a)(1) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, a State may
    waive the engine compartment pre-trip vehicle inspection skills testing
    requirement, set forth in section 383.113(a)(1)(i) of title 49, Code of
    Federal Regulations, for a commercial driver's license applicant
    seeking to operate a school bus or vehicle for use in public
    transportation only in--
                (1) intrastate commerce; or
                (2) interstate commerce--
                        (A) if the operation of such bus or vehicle occurs
                    within a 150-air mile radius from the point of
                    origination; and
                        (B) each State in which such operation occurs has
                    elected to issue a waiver under this section to
                    applicants seeking a commercial driver's license by
                    such State.
        (b) Conditions.--Prior to issuing a waiver described in subsection
    (a), a State shall ensure, at a minimum, that the following conditions
    are met:
                (1) A State's driver's licensing agency shall document for
            recordkeeping purposes the names and commercial driver's
            license numbers of operators issued a commercial driver's
            license under the waiver.
                (2) The commercial driver's license credential shall
            conform to the requirements under subpart J of part 383 of
            title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor
            regulation).
                (3) When issuing a restricted commercial driver's license
            with school bus or passenger endorsements pursuant to such
            waiver, a State shall--
                        (A) continue to comply with the applicable
                    provisions set forth in section 383.73 of title 49,
                    Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor
                    regulation); and
                        (B) place a school bus-only or transit bus-only
                    restriction on the commercial driver's license in
                    accordance with section 383.153(a)(10)(ix) of title 49,
                    Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor
                    regulation).
                (4) A State shall conduct the remaining pre-trip vehicle
            inspection components of the skills test for drivers subject to
            such waiver, as set forth in section 383.113(a)(1)(ii-ix) of
            title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor
            regulation).
        (c) Data Collection.--For each calendar year through 2031 in which
    a State has issued the waiver described in subsection (a), the State
    shall provide a report to the Secretary containing--
                (1) the number of operators who obtained commercial
            driver's licenses under such waiver; and
                (2) data relating to any safety incidents involving an
            operator issued a commercial driver's license under such
            waiver.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Commercial driver's license.--The term ``commercial
            driver's license'' has the meaning given such term in section
            31301 of title 49, United States Code.
                (2) Public transportation.--The term ``public
            transportation'' has the meaning given such term in section
            5302 of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 5109. MODIFICATIONS TO CERTAIN COMMERCIAL DRIVER'S LICENSE
                  REGULATIONS.

        Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to--
                (1) revise section 383.79 of title 49, Code of Federal
            Regulations, to allow a State to administer a driving skills
            test to any commercial driver's license applicant, regardless
            of the State of domicile of the applicant or where the
            applicant received driver training; and
                (2) revise section 384.228 of title 49, Code of Federal
            Regulations, to allow a State or third-party examiner to
            administer the commercial driver's license knowledge test only
            if the examiner--
                        (A) maintains a valid commercial driver's license
                    test examiner certification;
                        (B) completes a commercial driver's license skills
                    test examiner training course that meets the
                    requirements of subsection (d) of such section; and
                        (C) completes 1 unit of instruction described in
                    subsection (c)(3) of such section.

                  Subtitle C--Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety

    SEC. 5201. MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

        Section 4144(d) of the SAFETEA-LU (49 U.S.C. 31100 note) is amended
    by striking ``September 30, 2025'' and inserting ``September 30,
    2031''.

    SEC. 5202. ELECTRONIC LOGGING DEVICE CERTIFICATION.

        Section 31137(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (4); and
                (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Requirements.--The certification process, referred to
            in paragraph (1), shall require the Secretary to--
                        ``(A) verify the contact information of the
                    certification applicant and the technical
                    specifications of the proposed electronic logging
                    device; and
                        ``(B) cross reference the certification application
                    against revoked electronic logging devices that do not
                    meet the certification criteria referred to in
                    paragraph (4).
                ``(3) Publication of certified devices.--The Secretary
            shall publish and maintain on a publicly available website--
                        ``(A) a list of registered electronic logging
                    devices that meet the certification criteria
                    established under this section; and
                        ``(B) a list of revoked electronic logging devices
                    that do not meet the certification criteria referred to
                    in paragraph (4).''.

    SEC. 5203. SAFETY PERFORMANCE HISTORY SCREENING AND DATAQS IMPROVEMENT.

        (a) Safety Performance History Screening.--Section 31150 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1), by inserting ``or employment'' after ``preemployment'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by inserting ``operator or'' before ``operator-
                    applicant'' each place it appears; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``operator's
                    or'' before ``operator-applicant's written consent'';
                    and
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in the second sentence--
                                (i) by striking ``preemployment'';
                                (ii) by inserting ``operator or'' before
                            ``operator-applicant''; and
                                (iii) by striking ``Use'' and inserting the
                            following:
                ``(2) Voluntary use; limitation.--Use'';
                        (B) in the first sentence--
                                (i) by inserting ``driver-related'' after
                            ``serious'';
                                (ii) by striking ``as a preemployment
                            condition'';
                                (iii) by inserting ``or operator
                            applicant's'' after ``individual operator's'';
                            and
                                (iv) by striking ``The process'' and
                            inserting the following:
                ``(1) In general.--The process''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Adverse actions.--A person may not take an adverse
            action (as defined in section 603(k) of the Consumer Credit
            Protection Act (15 U.S.C. 1681a(k))) with respect to an
            operator or operator-applicant based in whole or in part on the
            data in the reports provided under subsection (a) from the
            Motor Carrier Management Information System unless the person
            provides--
                        ``(A) notice to the operator or operator-applicant
                    consistent with section 604(b)(3) of such Act (15
                    U.S.C. 1681b(b)(3)); and
                        ``(B) a reasonable period of time for--
                                ``(i) the operator to initiate an appeal
                            under subsection (e); and
                                ``(ii) any appeal process initiated under
                            such subsection to conclude pursuant to the
                            issuance of a final disposition.''.
        (b) DataQs Improvement.--Section 31150 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d), by inserting ``safety'' after
            ``serious driver-related'';
                (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (f); and
                (3) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
        ``(d) Data Subject to Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date
    of enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, the Secretary shall ensure
    that during any period in which a safety violation is being contested,
    the report on such violation is labeled in a manner that indicates such
    violation is being contested in the Motor Carrier Management
    Information System and in any other relevant databases, including the
    Employment Screening Program, the Safety Measurement System, and
    Analysis and Information Online, until the review of the contested
    violation is complete.
        ``(e) DataQs Appeals Process.--Not later than 1 year after the date
    of enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, the Secretary shall
    promulgate DataQs program participation guidelines that direct States
    receiving funds under the motor carrier safety assistance program under
    section 31102 to provide for an appeals process by which--
                ``(1) following the conclusion of a request for data
            review, an affected party may appeal the disposition of the
            review; and
                ``(2) an appeal of the disposition is decided in a
            reasonable period of time by a person or persons other than the
            person that issued the violation.''.

    SEC. 5204. NONCOMPLIANT TRAINING ENTITIES.

        (a) In General.--Section 31305(c) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by striking ``Not
            later than'' and all that follows through ``final regulations''
            and inserting ``The Secretary shall issue regulations'';
                (2) in paragraph (4) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (3) in paragraph (5) by striking the period and inserting
            ``; and''; and
                (4) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) providing a process for the Administrator of the
            Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration to--
                        ``(A) receive complaints relating to the
                    noncompliance of a training provider described in
                    paragraph (5) with the requirements under such
                    paragraph; and
                        ``(B) not later than 90 days after the receipt of a
                    complaint, if the Administrator determines that such
                    provider is noncompliant, remove such provider from the
                    list of training providers that may issue a
                    certification under paragraph (4).''.
        (b) Removal.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall revise section 380.721 of title 49, Code
    of Federal Regulations, to clarify that the Federal Motor Carrier
    Safety Administration may remove a training provider from the Training
    Provider Registry, if such provider--
                (1) fails to disclose a relationship, including common
            ownership, management, control, or familial ties, with another
            provider who was removed from the Training Provider Registry;
            and
                (2) fails to maintain and enforce policies relating to
            sexual assault and sexual harassment.

    SEC. 5205. DRUG AND ALCOHOL CLEARINGHOUSE FEES.

        Section 31306a(e)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``operation and'' and inserting ``development, modernization,
    enhancement, operation, and''.

    SEC. 5206. FEDERAL HAIR TESTING GUIDELINES.

        Not later than 1 year after the Secretary of Health and Human
    Services issues scientific and technical guidelines for hair testing as
    a method of detecting the use of a controlled substance as described in
    section 31306(c) of title 49, United States Code, the Secretary shall
    revise part 40 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and other
    regulations as necessary, to recognize hair as an approved specimen
    type to be collected under transportation workplace drug and alcohol
    testing programs required under such part.

    SEC. 5207. DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING COMPLIANCE.

        (a) Guidance.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall publish updated guidance on who may
    act as a specimen collector for Department drug testing under part 40
    of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, including what constitutes a
    close personal friend, as referenced under section 40.31 of such title.
        (b) Consultation.--In issuing the guidance under subsection (a),
    the Secretary shall, at a minimum, consult with representatives of
    small motor carriers.

    SEC. 5208. FATAL TRUCK CRASH DRUG AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE TESTING
                  ACCOUNTABILITY.

        Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary shall revise parts 382, 385, and 392 of title 49, Code of
    Federal Regulations, and other regulations as necessary, to--
                (1) require employers to maintain records of all post-
            accident alcohol or controlled substance tests required under
            section 382.303 of such title for a minimum of 5 years;
                (2) consider it a violation if an employer fails to furnish
            proof of post-accident alcohol or controlled substance testing
            within the prescribed timeframe, as outlined in subsections (a)
            and (b) of section 382.303 of title 49, Code of Federal
            Regulations; and
                (3) ensure such violations under paragraph (2) are
            reflected in the Safety Measurement System for the purposes of
            the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability Program.

    SEC. 5209. REVIEW OF NEW ENTRANT SAFETY ASSURANCE PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the inspector general of the Department shall
    conduct a review of the New Entrant Safety Assurance Program (in this
    section referred to as the ``Program'') under subpart D of part 385 of
    title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to evaluate--
                (1) whether the Program effectively provides educational
            and technical assistance to new entrant motor carriers;
                (2) opportunities to improve the efficiency and timeliness
            of safety audits conducted under the Program;
                (3) if the Program has adequate staff to conduct the safety
            audits and compliance reviews in an efficient and timely
            manner;
                (4) opportunities to implement proactive outreach
            strategies to engage a greater number of new entrant motor
            carriers early in the application and operational process;
                (5) whether the requirements, processes, and timeframes of
            the Program are aligned with the purpose described in section
            385.309 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations;
                (6) strategies to ensure greater uniformity and consistency
            in the application of the Program to all new entrant motor
            carriers, regardless of assignment type; and
                (7) potential improvements to ensure that safety data is
            effectively gathered and used to assess the safety performance
            of new entrant motor carriers.
        (b) Consultation.--In conducting the review under subsection (a),
    the inspector general shall consult with--
                (1) State motor carrier safety enforcement agencies;
                (2) representatives of the motor carrier industry,
            including owner-operators;
                (3) commercial motor vehicle safety advocates;
                (4) truck safety organizations;
                (5) labor organizations representing commercial motor
            vehicle drivers; and
                (6) other stakeholders, as determined appropriate by the
            Secretary.
        (c) Inspector General Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the inspector general shall submit to the
    Secretary a report that includes--
                (1) the findings of the review conducted under subsection
            (a); and
                (2) recommendations for the Federal Motor Carrier Safety
            Administration to improve the effectiveness of the Program,
            including actions to--
                        (A) enhance educational and technical assistance
                    provided to new entrant motor carriers during the
                    safety monitoring period;
                        (B) improve efficiency and timeliness of safety
                    audits; and
                        (C) ensure uniformity in new entrant safety
                    monitoring procedures.
        (d) Recommendations.--Not later than 6 months after the date on
    which the inspector general submits the report under subsection (c),
    the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate--
                (1) a summary of the findings and recommendations of the
            report; and
                (2) for each recommendation--
                        (A) the Secretary intends to implement, a
                    description of the implementation plan of the Secretary
                    and timeline for implementation; and
                        (B) the Secretary does not intend to implement, an
                    explanation as to why the Secretary does not intend to
                    implement such recommendation.

    SEC. 5210. NEW ENTRANT REGISTRATION STANDARDS TRANSPORTATION RULEMAKING
                  COMMITTEE.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a transportation
    rulemaking committee to develop findings and recommendations on the
    necessity of establishing minimum requirements for entities seeking to
    obtain registration from the Department as a motor carrier of property
    or passengers under chapter 315 of title 49, United States Code.
        (b) Membership.--The Secretary shall appoint the members of the
    transportation rulemaking committee, which shall be comprised of--
                (1) State motor carrier safety enforcement agencies;
                (2) representatives of the motor carrier industry;
                (3) commercial motor vehicle law enforcement associations;
                (4) labor organizations representing commercial motor
            vehicle operators;
                (5) truck safety organizations; and
                (6) other stakeholders determined appropriate by the
            Secretary.
        (c) Considerations.--In developing findings and recommendations
    under subsection (a), the transportation rulemaking committee shall
    consider--
                (1) the existing requirements for registration as a motor
            carrier of property and passengers under parts 365 and 390 of
            title 49, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                (2) the appropriateness of additional minimum motor carrier
            registration requirements, including requirements associated
            with the following:
                        (A) Knowledge of applicable safety regulations,
                    standards, and requirements under Federal law and
                    regulations.
                        (B) Familiarity with the duties of employers and
                    motor carriers under the Federal Motor Carrier Safety
                    Regulations, including requirements relating to--
                                (i) driver qualifications;
                                (ii) vehicle maintenance;
                                (iii) hours of service;
                                (iv) drug and alcohol testing; and
                                (v) safety management controls.
                        (C) An understanding of the importance of
                    establishing and maintaining a safety management
                    program appropriate for the size and scope of the
                    intended operations of the applicant.
                        (D) Completion of a training program approved by
                    the Secretary, or demonstration of equivalent
                    knowledge, as determined by the Secretary.
        (d) Report.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date on
            which the transportation rulemaking committee is established,
            the committee shall submit to the Secretary a report detailing
            the findings and recommendations developed under subsection
            (a).
                (2) Contents.--In the report submitted under paragraph (1),
            the transportation rulemaking committee shall include
            recommendations--
                        (A) on how to revise the regulations under parts
                    365 and 390 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations,
                    if additional minimum motor carrier registration
                    requirements are determined appropriate; and
                        (B) for any other necessary updates to regulations
                    or requirements determined appropriate by the
                    transportation rulemaking committee.
        (e) Recommendations.--Not later than 6 months after the date on
    which the transportation rulemaking committee submits the report under
    subsection (d), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate--
                (1) a summary of the findings and recommendations of the
            report; and
                (2) for each recommendation--
                        (A) the Secretary intends to implement, a
                    description of the implementation plan of the Secretary
                    and timeline for implementation; and
                        (B) the Secretary does not intend to implement, an
                    explanation as to why the Secretary does not intend to
                    implement such recommendation.

    SEC. 5211. BEYOND COMPLIANCE.

        (a) Final Rule.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule implementing
    section 5222 of the FAST Act (49 U.S.C. 31100 note).
        (b) Consideration.--In issuing the final rule under subsection (a),
    the Secretary shall consider driver training and experience as a
    recognized safety standard.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, and at least once every 6 months thereafter until the final
    rule required under subsection (a) is issued, the Secretary shall brief
    the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate on the status of the rulemaking required
    under subsection (a).

        Subtitle D--Household Goods Shipping Consumer Protection Reform

    SEC. 5301. ADMINISTRATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CIVIL PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS
                  OF COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS.

        (a) Enforcement by Secretary.--Section 14914 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsections (b), (c), and (d) as
            subsections (c), (d), and (e), respectively;
                (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
        ``(b) Enforcement by Secretary.--If, after notice and an
    opportunity for a hearing, the Secretary finds that a person violated a
    provision of part B of subtitle IV of this title, or a regulation or
    order issued pursuant to such part, the Secretary shall assess a civil
    penalty by written notice.'';
                (3) in subsection (c), as redesignated by paragraph (1), by
            inserting ``or the Secretary'' after ``Board''; and
                (4) in subsection (d), as redesignated by paragraph (1), by
            inserting ``or the Secretary'' after ``Board''.
        (b) Application.--Section 501(b) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended--
                (1) by inserting ``5,'' after ``20303 and chapters''; and
                (2) by inserting ``311, 313,'' after ``chapters),''.

    SEC. 5302. STATE USE OF GRANT FUNDS FOR COMMERCIAL ENFORCEMENT AND
                  CONSUMER PROTECTION.

        Section 31102 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(B) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B) by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) for the enforcement of Federal household goods
            statutes and regulations for the interstate transportation of
            household goods by household goods motor carriers and brokers,
            and for the intrastate transportation of household goods by
            household goods motor carriers if the State has adopted laws or
            regulations that are compatible with Federal household goods
            regulations.'';
                (2) in subsection (l)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (I) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraph (J) as
                    subparagraph (K); and
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (I) the
                    following:
                        ``(J) enforce Federal household goods statutes and
                    regulations for the interstate transportation of
                    household goods by household goods motor carriers and
                    brokers, and for the intrastate transportation of
                    household goods by household goods motor carriers if
                    the State has adopted laws or regulations that are
                    compatible with Federal household goods regulations;
                    and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(m) State Discretion.--The activities described in subsections
    (h)(3) and (l)(2)(J) are--
                ``(1) optional at the discretion of a State; and
                ``(2) not a condition on funds received under this
            section.''.

    SEC. 5303. STATE RETENTION OF PENALTIES AND FINES.

        Section 14711 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(g) Penalties.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any
    fine or penalty imposed on a carrier or broker in a proceeding under
    this section shall be paid to, and retained by, the State that imposed
    such fine or penalty.''.

    SEC. 5304. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 13102 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(28) Principal place of business.--The term `principal
            place of business' means a single physical business location of
            a specified entity where--
                        ``(A) management officials of such specified entity
                    report to work;
                        ``(B) such specified entity conducts a significant
                    portion of its business relating to the transportation
                    of persons or property; and
                        ``(C) such specified entity maintains records
                    required by part B of subtitle IV or part B of subtitle
                    VI.
                ``(29) Specified entity.--The term `specified entity'
            means--
                        ``(A) an employer, as such term is defined in
                    section 31132;
                        ``(B) a person;
                        ``(C) a motor carrier, including a foreign motor
                    carrier or foreign motor private carrier;
                        ``(D) a broker; or
                        ``(E) a freight forwarder.''.
        (b) Motor Carrier Generally.--Section 13902(a)(1) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) in subparagraph (D) by striking the period at the end
            and inserting ``; and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(E) has designated a principal place of
                    business.''.
        (c) Registration of Freight Forwarders.--Section 13903(a) of title
    49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) in paragraph (2) by striking the period at the end and
            inserting a semicolon; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) has designated a principal place of business; and
                ``(4) has disclosed any relationship involving common
            ownership, common management, common control, or common
            familial relationship between such person and any other motor
            carrier, freight forwarder, broker, or any other applicant for
            motor carrier, freight forwarder, or broker registration, if
            the relationship occurred in the 3-year period preceding the
            date of the filing of the application for registration.''.
        (d) Registration of Brokers.--Section 13904(a) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (1) by striking ``and'' after the
            semicolon;
                (2) in subsection (2) by striking the period and inserting
            a semicolon; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) has designated a principal place of business; and
                ``(4) has disclosed any relationship involving common
            ownership, common management, common control, or common
            familial relationship between such person and any other motor
            carrier, freight forwarder, or broker, or any other applicant
            for motor carrier, freight forwarder, or broker registration,
            if the relationship occurred in the 3-year period preceding the
            date of the filing of the application for registration.''.
        (e) Complaints and Actions on Secretary Initiatives.--Section
    13905(d)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (C)(iii) by striking ``or'' at the end;
                (2) in subparagraph (D) by striking the period at the end
            and inserting ``; or''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(E) withhold, suspend, amend, or revoke any part
                    of a registration of a motor carrier, foreign motor
                    carrier, foreign motor private carrier, broker, or
                    freight forwarder if the Secretary finds that the motor
                    carrier, foreign motor carrier, foreign motor private
                    carrier, broker, or freight forwarder failed to
                    designate a valid principal place of business.''.
        (f) Requirement for Registration and USDOT Number.--Section 31134
    of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2) by striking ``or'' at the end;
                        (B) in paragraph (3) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) the employer or person seeking registration has
            designated a principal place of business, as defined in section
            13102.''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)(2) by striking ``subsection (b)(1)''
            and inserting ``subsection (b)''.

    SEC. 5305. HOUSEHOLD GOODS CONSUMER PROTECTION WORKING GROUP.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a working group to
    develop findings and recommendations on the modernization of Federal
    consumer protection regulations relating to the interstate
    transportation of household goods by a motor carrier, including such
    transportation that is arranged by a broker of household goods.
        (b) Membership.--The working group shall be comprised of--
                (1) individuals with expertise in consumer affairs;
                (2) representatives of household goods motor carriers;
                (3) representatives of household goods brokers;
                (4) representatives of State moving and storage
            associations;
                (5) representatives of consumer organizations;
                (6) representatives from truck safety organizations; and
                (7) other stakeholders the Secretary determines
            appropriate.
        (c) Recommendations.--The working group established under this
    section shall analyze and make recommendations regarding--
                (1) the effect of technology and consumer purchasing habits
            in the sale and servicing of interstate shipments of household
            goods;
                (2) the number, type, and elements of paperwork required of
            carriers and shippers in interstate transportation;
                (3) the use of state-of-the-art education techniques and
            technologies, including the internet and artificial
            intelligence;
                (4) the status of the implementation of the recommendations
            included in the report ``Recommendations to Improves Household
            Goods Consumer Education'', issued pursuant to section 5503 of
            the FAST Act (Public Law 114-94); and
                (5) the impact and frequency of ``name spoofing'' whereby a
            registered entity seeks to take advantage of consumers by
            registering under a name that is deceptively similar to an
            established registered entity.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the
    working group is established under this section, the working group
    shall submit to the Secretary a report that includes a summary of the
    findings and recommendations developed under subsection (c).
        (e) Recommendations.--Not later than 18 months after the date on
    which the Secretary receives the report under subsection (d), the
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate--
                (1) a summary of the findings and recommendations of the
            report; and
                (2) for each recommendation--
                        (A) the Secretary intends to implement, a
                    description of the implementation plan of the Secretary
                    and timeline for implementation;
                        (B) if the Secretary does not intend to implement
                    the recommendation, an explanation as to why the
                    Secretary does not intend to implement such
                    recommendation; or
                        (C) a notification if the Secretary lacks the
                    statutory authority to implement such recommendation.
        (f) Termination.--The working group shall terminate 1 year after
    the date on which the working group submits the report under subsection
    (d).

      Subtitle E--Safe Integration of Autonomous Commercial Motor Vehicles

    SEC. 5401. DEFINITIONS.

        Section 31132 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (11) as
            paragraphs (3), (5), (6), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13),
            (14), and (15), respectively;
                (2) by inserting before paragraph (5), as so redesignated,
            the following:
                ``(1) `ADS' or `automated driving system' means hardware
            and software systems on a commercial motor vehicle that--
                        ``(A) are collectively capable of performing the
                    entire dynamic driving task on a sustained basis,
                    regardless of whether such hardware or software systems
                    are limited to a specific operational design domain;
                    and
                        ``(B) collectively meet the definition of
                    automation Level 3, Level 4, or Level 5.
                ``(2) `ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicle' means a
            commercial motor vehicle equipped with an ADS.'';
                (3) in paragraph (3), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``including
                    the'' and inserting ``including, if applicable, the'';
                    and
                        (B) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``including
                    the'' and inserting ``including, if applicable, the'';
                (4) by inserting after paragraph (3), as so redesignated,
            the following:
                ``(4) `DDT fallback', `DDT fallback-ready user', `DDT
            performance-relevant system failure', `driverless operations
            dispatcher', `dynamic driving task', `DDT', `Level 3', `Level
            4', `Level 5', `remote assistant', `remote driver', `minimal
            risk condition', `MRC', `ODD', and `operational design domain'
            have the meaning of the terms as provided in--
                        ``(A) the April 2021 edition of recommended
                    practice J3016 of SAE International titled `Taxonomy
                    and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation
                    Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles';
                        ``(B) a subsequent edition of recommended practice
                    J3016 adopted by the Secretary; or
                        ``(C) a substantially similar successor recommended
                    practice or standard of SAE International adopted by
                    the Secretary.''; and
                (5) by inserting after paragraph (6), as so redesignated,
            the following:
                ``(7) `integrated service operations' means commercial
            motor vehicle operations that involve non-driving tasks
            relevant to the operation of such vehicle, including--
                        ``(A) the transportation primarily of minors, such
                    as school bus transportation;
                        ``(B) public transportation, as defined in section
                    5302;
                        ``(C) passenger transportation via motorcoach;
                        ``(D) carriage of placarded hazardous materials
                    described in part 397 of title 49, Code of Federal
                    Regulations; and
                        ``(E) other operations as determined by the
                    Secretary.''.

    SEC. 5402. ADS-EQUIPPED COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE INTERSTATE OPERATION.

        (a) ADS-equipped Commercial Motor Vehicle Operation.--
                (1) In general.--Subchapter III of chapter 311 of title 49,
            United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 31139
            the following:
    ``Sec. 31140. ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicle operation
        ``(a) Safety Standard.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, the Secretary shall
            issue such regulations as are necessary to establish and
            maintain a performance-based safety standard for ADS-equipped
            commercial motor vehicles to operate in interstate commerce.
                ``(2) Applicability.--In issuing the regulations under
            paragraph (1), the Secretary shall determine how such standard
            applies to Level 3, Level 4, and Level 5 ADS-equipped
            commercial motor vehicles.
                ``(3) Operating requirement.--After the effective date of
            regulations issued pursuant to paragraph (1), an ADS-equipped
            commercial motor vehicle may not be operated in interstate
            commerce unless--
                        ``(A) the manufacturer has certified to the
                    Secretary that such vehicle has met the safety standard
                    established in paragraph (1);
                        ``(B) the manufacturer and operator of such vehicle
                    meet the applicable regulations issued pursuant to this
                    chapter; and
                        ``(C) such vehicle has not been materially altered
                    in such a manner that the vehicle does not comply with
                    such safety standard.
        ``(b) Requirements for Safety Standard.--
                ``(1) Safety case.--The safety standard established under
            subsection (a)(1) shall require a manufacturer of an ADS or
            ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicle to meet the standard
            through a safety case, which shall be updated prior to making
            any significant material changes to the ADS or ADS-equipped
            commercial motor vehicle that--
                        ``(A) provides claims, supported by arguments and
                    evidence, that support the conclusion of the
                    manufacturer that the design, construction, and
                    performance of the ADS or ADS-equipped commercial motor
                    vehicle will provide an equivalent or greater level of
                    safety as a non-ADS -equipped commercial motor vehicle
                    subject to the requirements of this title; and
                        ``(B) includes the following components:
                                ``(i) A description of each hardware and
                            software element of the ADS required for--
                                        ``(I) braking, steering,
                                    propulsion, and computing capability;
                                        ``(II) redundancies;
                                        ``(III) each capability of the
                                    suite of sensors of the ADS; and
                                        ``(IV) the integration of the ADS
                                    into the vehicle platform.
                                ``(ii) A complete description of the ODD of
                            the ADS, including how the ADS performs each
                            element within such ODD.
                                ``(iii) An explanation of each engineering
                            methodology used to design and assess the
                            performance of the ADS and ensure commercial
                            motor vehicle safety, including--
                                        ``(I) each hazard analysis and
                                    associated verification and validation
                                    process;
                                        ``(II) the credibility and
                                    limitations of the tools, simulations,
                                    and test environments employed for such
                                    methodology, and the measures taken to
                                    mitigate such limitations; and
                                        ``(III) the acceptance criteria
                                    used by the manufacturer to assess
                                    competencies in normal driving and
                                    crash avoidance capability.
                                ``(iv) An explanation of how the ADS
                            anticipates and responds to potential crashes.
                                ``(v) A description of any vehicle-
                            integrated system that provides visual or
                            digital hazard alerting to a nearby road user
                            when the vehicle executes or enters a minimal
                            risk condition, including any system that
                            automatically activates high-conspicuity
                            lighting patterns or transmits digital hazard
                            messages to connected vehicles and roadway
                            infrastructure.
                                ``(vi) A description of the cybersecurity
                            plan that includes--
                                        ``(I) a written cybersecurity
                                    policy with respect to the practices of
                                    the manufacturer to detect and respond
                                    to cyber attacks, unauthorized
                                    intrusions, and false vehicle control
                                    commands;
                                        ``(II) a process to identify,
                                    assess, and mitigate reasonably
                                    foreseeable cyber risks related to
                                    commercial motor vehicle safety from
                                    cyber attacks or unauthorized
                                    intrusions, including false and
                                    malicious vehicle control commands;
                                        ``(III) a process to take
                                    preventive and corrective action to
                                    mitigate against reasonably foreseeable
                                    cyber risks related to commercial motor
                                    vehicle safety in the ADS or ADS-
                                    equipped commercial motor vehicle,
                                    including incident response plans,
                                    unauthorized intrusion detection and
                                    prevention systems that safeguard key
                                    controls, systems, and procedures
                                    through testing or monitoring, and
                                    updates to such process based on
                                    changed circumstances;
                                        ``(IV) the identification of an
                                    officer or other individual of the
                                    manufacturer as the point of contact
                                    with responsibility for the management
                                    of cybersecurity; and
                                        ``(V) a process for employee
                                    training and supervision for
                                    implementation and maintenance of the
                                    policies and procedures required by
                                    this section, including controls on
                                    employee access to the ADS.
                                ``(vii) A description of the manufacturer's
                            safety management system, including
                            organizational roles and responsibilities, and
                            the processes used to systematically address
                            and audit safety throughout the design,
                            testing, deployment, and operation of the ADS.
                                ``(viii) A description of the in-use safety
                            monitoring processes utilized by the
                            manufacturer, including safety performance
                            indicators, thresholds for intervention, and
                            procedures for investigating and addressing
                            safety-relevant incidents and near-misses.
                                ``(ix) A description of how the
                            manufacturer incorporates operational data from
                            in-service operations, including feedback loops
                            from incidents and safety-critical scenarios
                            into the design and validation of the ADS, to
                            ensure continuous improvement of commercial
                            motor vehicle safety.
                                ``(x) An explanation of how the ADS-
                            equipped vehicle meets each of the following
                            competencies:
                                        ``(I) The ADS performs the entire
                                    DDT within the ODD of the ADS and is
                                    able to recognize the boundaries of the
                                    ODD.
                                        ``(II) The ADS detects and responds
                                    appropriately to any vulnerable road
                                    user in proximity to the ADS in the
                                    relevant ODD.
                                        ``(III) In the case of a Level 3
                                    ADS, the ability of the ADS to clearly
                                    and unambiguously communicate ADS
                                    status and user role to the DDT
                                    fallback-ready user and, during any
                                    transfer of control to the DDT
                                    fallback-ready user, provide sufficient
                                    lead time for the DDT fallback-ready
                                    user to safely assume the DDT, and
                                    safely maintain vehicle control until
                                    the ADS fallback user has assumed
                                    control and the transfer is completed.
                                        ``(IV) The ability of the ADS to
                                    safely achieve a MRC and safely allow
                                    any occupants inside the vehicle to
                                    exit the vehicle.
                                        ``(V) The ADS detects the limits of
                                    the ODD of the ADS and respond
                                    appropriately when 1 or more conditions
                                    of the ODD are no longer met by
                                    achieving an MRC.
                                        ``(VI) The ADS detects and responds
                                    to relevant objects or events,
                                    including emergency vehicles and
                                    personnel, and school buses in
                                    proximity to the ADS in the relevant
                                    ODD and relevant to the driving
                                    decisions of the ADS.
                                        ``(VII) The ADS can comply with
                                    applicable local traffic laws and laws
                                    relevant to the performance of the DDT.
                                ``(xi) Any additional information the
                            Secretary determines to be appropriate.
                ``(2) Incident reporting.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall prescribe
                    reporting requirements for ADS-equipped commercial
                    motor vehicles that align with reporting requirements
                    issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety
                    Administration under such Administration's Third
                    Amended Standing General Order 2021-01 (signed April
                    24, 2025), and at a minimum, require the reporting of
                    any crash that resulted in a--
                                ``(i) fatality;
                                ``(ii) serious injury;
                                ``(iii) strike of a vulnerable road user;
                                ``(iv) air bag deployment; or
                                ``(v) vehicle tow-away.
                        ``(B) Additional requirements.--The Secretary may
                    require additional reporting requirements if the
                    Secretary determines such requirements are necessary to
                    effectively evaluate or improve the safety of ADS-
                    equipped commercial motor vehicles.
                        ``(C) Revisions.--The Secretary--
                                ``(i) may periodically revise the reporting
                            requirements prescribed under subparagraph (A);
                            and
                                ``(ii) shall update such requirements if
                            the Secretary establishes a single Federal
                            database for autonomous vehicle-related
                            incidents.
                ``(3) Roles and responsibilities.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The safety standard established
                    under subsection (a)(1) shall require the manufacturer
                    of a Level 4 or Level 5 ADS to assume and observe
                    duties otherwise applicable to a human driver to the
                    extent such duties relate to the real-time operation of
                    such vehicle and the performance of the DDT when--
                                ``(i) the ADS is engaged and the vehicle is
                            operating within its ODD; or
                                ``(ii) the ADS is engaged and such ADS--
                                        ``(I) fails to detect that 1 or
                                    more conditions of its ODD are no
                                    longer met; or
                                        ``(II) after detecting that 1 or
                                    more conditions of its ODD are no
                                    longer met, fails to achieve an MRC.
                        ``(B) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this
                    paragraph shall be construed to--
                                ``(i) create, expand, or limit strict
                            liability under Federal or State law;
                                ``(ii) create a cause of action; or
                                ``(iii) affect the availability of any
                            defense or doctrine under otherwise applicable
                            law, including comparative fault, contributory
                            negligence, product liability principles, or
                            proximate causation.
                ``(4) Operator on board.--The safety standard established
            under subsection (a)(1) shall require a human operator to be
            located within the vehicle during the operation of any ADS-
            equipped commercial motor vehicle transporting--
                        ``(A) primarily minors, such as school bus
                    transportation; or
                        ``(B) placarded hazardous materials, as described
                    in part 397 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                ``(5) Additional standards for integrated service
            operations.--In establishing the safety standard under
            subsection (a)(1), if the Secretary determines additional
            standards are necessary to maintain the existing level of
            safety following the introduction of ADS-equipped commercial
            motor vehicles within integrated service operations, the
            Secretary may apply additional requirements to such vehicles,
            including ensuring that remote assistants performing covered
            aspects of the dynamic driving task, DDT fallback-ready users,
            or remote drivers have the appropriate endorsement on their
            commercial drivers' license or have received relevant training
            necessary for operation.
        ``(c) Operator Qualifications.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall require a DDT
            fallback-ready user, remote driver, or remote assistant who is
            performing covered aspects of the dynamic driving task, as
            described in paragraph (5), of an ADS-equipped commercial motor
            vehicle be properly qualified and licensed to operate a
            commercial motor vehicle, subject to the requirements of parts
            350 through 399 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                ``(2) Level 3 requirements.--The Secretary shall require a
            DDT fallback-ready user to be physically located within the
            driver's seat of the vehicle for Level 3 ADS-equipped
            commercial motor vehicles.
                ``(3) Location.--The Secretary shall require all remote
            assistants, driverless operations dispatchers, and remote
            drivers to be physically located within the United States or
            any territory of the United States.
                ``(4) Driving time.--Any period in which a remote assistant
            performing covered aspects of the DDT, DDT fallback-ready user,
            or remote driver must monitor 1 or more ADS-equipped commercial
            motor vehicles shall be considered driving time under part 395
            of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                ``(5) Covered aspects of the ddt.--A remote assistant is
            subject to the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (4) when
            conducting any of the following aspects of the DDT:
                        ``(A) Lateral vehicle motion control via steering.
                        ``(B) Longitudinal vehicle motion control via
                    acceleration and deceleration.
                        ``(C) Object and event response execution, when the
                    ADS cannot override an ordered response in reaction to
                    real-time conditions at its location.
                        ``(D) Maneuver planning, when the ADS cannot
                    override a plan in reaction to real-time conditions at
                    its location.
                        ``(E) Enhancing conspicuity including via lighting,
                    sounding, the horn, signaling, and gesturing.
        ``(d) Rules of Construction.--
                ``(1) Nothing in this section shall be construed to
            prohibit a State from maintaining, enforcing, prescribing, or
            continuing in effect any law or regulation regarding
            cybersecurity or privacy.
                ``(2) Nothing in this section, including meeting the
            requirements of subsection (a)(1) or any rules implementing
            this section, shall be construed to relieve a person or
            manufacturer from liability which may exist under another
            Federal or State law or supplant, displace, preempt another
            Federal or State law relating to remedies for civil relief,
            including Federal or State laws for civil damage, or penalties
            for criminal actions.
                ``(3) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require
            the Secretary to require a commercial motor vehicle to be
            equipped with an ADS.''.
                (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 311 of
            title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the
            item relating to section 31139 the following:

    ``31140. ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicle operation.''.
        (b) Transportation Rulemaking Committee.--
                (1) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date
            of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a
            transportation rulemaking committee, pursuant to section 102(k)
            of title 49, United States Code, to make recommendations on the
            implementation of section 31140 of such title (as added by this
            section) and on the applicability of parts 350 through 399 of
            title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to ADS-equipped
            commercial motor vehicles and related DDT fallback-ready users,
            remote drivers, remote assistants, and driverless dispatch
            operators.
                (2) Membership.--The transportation rulemaking committee
            convened under paragraph (1) shall consist of not more than 18
            members appointed by the Secretary, including representatives
            of--
                        (A) autonomous commercial motor vehicle technology
                    providers;
                        (B) autonomous commercial motor vehicle original
                    equipment manufacturers;
                        (C) commercial motor vehicle law enforcement
                    associations;
                        (D) traffic safety professionals;
                        (E) roadway safety advocates;
                        (F) the trucking industry, including both small and
                    large motor carriers;
                        (G) the shipping industry;
                        (H) labor organizations representing drivers of
                    commercial motor vehicles in interstate commerce;
                        (I) labor organizations representing transit
                    vehicle operators;
                        (J) labor organizations representing first
                    responders, including law enforcement and fire
                    fighters;
                        (K) State highway safety offices;
                        (L) insurers of commercial motor vehicles;
                        (M) independent research and testing organizations
                    of ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicles; and
                        (N) others as determined appropriate by the
                    Secretary.
                (3) Considerations.--The transportation rulemaking
            committee convened under paragraph (1) shall consider, at a
            minimum, recommendations on the following:
                        (A) Updates necessary to implement section 31140 of
                    title 49, United States Code (as added by this
                    section).
                        (B) The applicability of parts 350 through 399 of
                    title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to ADS-equipped
                    commercial motor vehicles, including--
                                (i) updates to parts 392.7, 396.11, and
                            396. 9 of such title to develop standards and
                            procedures for vehicle inspections specific to
                            ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicles; and
                                (ii) updates to part 385 of such title to--
                                        (I) incorporate ADS-equipped
                                    commercial motor vehicles into safety
                                    fitness determination procedures; and
                                        (II) publish safety fitness
                                    information for ADS-equipped commercial
                                    motor vehicles separately from non-ADS
                                    equipped commercial motor vehicles.
                        (C) Workforce implications, including what
                    additional qualifications may be necessary for DDT
                    fallback-ready users and remote drivers and the
                    necessity of workforce programs to train human-in-
                    vehicle operators, DDT fallback-ready users, remote
                    drivers, remote assistants, and driverless operations
                    dispatchers.
                        (D) A process for determining the roles and
                    responsibilities for the manufacturer, operator, DDT
                    fallback-ready user, remote driver, remote assistant,
                    and driverless dispatch officer of an ADS-equipped
                    commercial motor vehicle when the ADS is engaged.
                        (E) Restrictions related to the transportation of
                    placarded hazardous materials, as described in part 397
                    of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, by ADS-
                    equipped commercial motor vehicles.
                        (F) The quantity of ADS-equipped commercial motor
                    vehicles a DDT fallback-ready user, remote driver,
                    remote assistant, or driverless operations dispatcher
                    may be responsible for without reducing the level of
                    public safety.
                        (G) Additional training requirements for DDT
                    fallback-ready users, remote drivers, remote
                    assistants, or driverless operation dispatchers.
                        (H) Any additional requirements to ensure the ADS
                    or ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicle may allow
                    occupants inside the vehicle to, at any time, command
                    the vehicle to safely achieve an MRC and allow the
                    occupants inside the vehicle to exit the vehicle.
                (4) Report and regulations.--
                        (A) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    transportation rulemaking committee under paragraph (1)
                    convenes, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee
                    on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
                    and Transportation of the Senate a report based on the
                    findings of the transportation rulemaking committee.
                        (B) Rulemaking required.--Not later than 6 months
                    after the Secretary submits the report under
                    subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall issue such
                    regulations as are necessary to implement section 31140
                    of title 49, United States Code (as added by this
                    section), and make necessary updates to parts 350
                    through 399 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations,
                    related to the applicability of such regulations to
                    ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicles, DDT fallback-
                    ready users, remote drivers, remote assistants, and
                    driverless operations dispatchers.
                        (C) Contents of rulemaking.--In issuing the
                    rulemaking required under subparagraph (B), the
                    Secretary shall, at a minimum--
                                (i) make necessary updates to comply with
                            the requirements set forth under section 31140
                            of title 49, United States Code (as added by
                            this section);
                                (ii) update part 385 of title 49, Code of
                            Federal Regulations, to--
                                        (I) incorporate ADS-equipped
                                    commercial motor vehicles into safety
                                    fitness determination procedures;
                                        (II) publish safety fitness
                                    determination information for ADS-
                                    equipped commercial motor vehicles
                                    separately from non-ADS-equipped
                                    commercial motor vehicles; and
                                        (III) authorize the revocation of
                                    operating authority specifically and
                                    individually for either the non-ADS
                                    equipped or ADS-equipped components of
                                    a motor carrier;
                                (iii) update standards and procedures for
                            vehicle inspection specific to ADS-equipped
                            commercial motor vehicles;
                                (iv) consider any additional qualifications
                            or licensing requirements, such as an
                            appropriate endorsement or additional training,
                            necessary for DDT fallback-ready users, remote
                            drivers, remote assistants, and driverless
                            operations dispatchers in ADS-equipped
                            commercial motor vehicles;
                                (v) establish a limit on the respective
                            quantity of ADS-equipped commercial motor
                            vehicles a remote assistant or driverless
                            operations dispatcher may be responsible for
                            without reducing the level of public safety;
                                (vi) provide standards for ADS-equipped
                            commercial motor vehicles to include visual or
                            digital hazard alerting to nearby road users
                            when the vehicle executes or enters a minimal
                            risk condition, including by automatically
                            activating high-conspicuity lighting patterns
                            or transmitting digital hazard messages to
                            connected vehicles or roadway infrastructure;
                                (vii) provide standards for data
                            collection, data standardization, and record-
                            keeping, including, at a minimum, recordkeeping
                            of sensor and ADS engagement and disengagement
                            status data, for manufacturers of ADS-equipped
                            commercial motor vehicles when such a vehicle
                            is involved in a crash;
                                (viii) provide minimum standards and
                            requirements for manufacturers to demonstrate
                            that an ADS or ADS-equipped vehicle meets the
                            competencies described in section
                            31140(b)(1)(B)(x) of title 49, United States
                            Code;
                                (ix) update requirements and procedures for
                            the Compliance, Safety, and Accountability
                            program of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety
                            Administration and the Safety Measurement
                            System utilized by the Compliance, Safety, and
                            Accountability program to account for ADS-
                            equipped commercial motor vehicles;
                                (x) provide additional limitations or
                            restrictions for ADS-equipped commercial motor
                            vehicles engaged in integrated service
                            operations; and
                                (xi) consider the applicability of part 395
                            of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to
                            remote assistants and driverless operations
                            dispatchers, and make any necessary updates to
                            the requirements and procedures to account for
                            such assistants and dispatchers.
                (5) Prohibition.--In issuing the rulemaking under
            subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall not--
                        (A) exempt any vehicle operating under section 5112
                    of title 49, United States Code, from being subject to
                    the attendance and surveillance requirements under part
                    397.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations;
                        (B) exempt the operator of an ADS- equipped
                    commercial motor vehicle from any applicable
                    inspections required by parts 392.7, 396.11, or 396.9
                    of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations; or
                        (C) exempt DDT fallback-ready users, remote
                    drivers, or remote assistants capable of issuing
                    commands to an ADS-equipped vehicle from being subject
                    to relevant requirements under 350 through 399 of title
                    49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (6) Rules of construction.--The rules of construction under
            section 31140(d) of title 49, United States Code (as added by
            this section), shall apply to this subsection.
                (7) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        (A) Applicable terms.--The terms ``ADS'', ``ADS-
                    equipped commercial motor vehicle'', ``DDT fallback-
                    ready user'', ``driverless operations dispatcher'',
                    ``MRC'', ``remote driver'', ``remote assistant'',
                    ``Level 4'', and ``Level 5'' have the meanings given
                    such terms in section 31132 of title 49, United States
                    Code.
                        (B) Labor organization.--The term ``labor
                    organization'' has the meaning given the term in
                    section 10002(15) of the Research and Development,
                    Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18901(15)).

    SEC. 5403. REVIEW AND PREEMPTION OF STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS.

        Section 31141(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    inserting ``, including ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicle safety,''
    after ``commercial motor vehicle safety''.

    SEC. 5404. ENSURING REGULATORY FLEXIBILITY FOR SAFETY TECHNOLOGIES.

        Section 31113(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``include a safety'' and inserting the
            following: ``include--
                ``(1) a safety'';
                (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``;
            or''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) automated driving system technologies or
            equipment.''.

    SEC. 5405. REGULATORY INTERPRETATIONS.

        (a) In General.--Notwithstanding sections 392.22(b), 393.95(f), and
    393.25(e) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor
    regulations, cab-mounted warning beacons shall be considered
    permissible warning devices for a commercial motor vehicle stopped upon
    the traveled portion or the shoulder of a highway for any cause other
    than necessary traffic stops and may be used in lieu of warning devices
    required under section 393.95(f) of such title.
        (b) Prohibition.--The Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier
    Safety Administration shall only take administrative action that is
    consistent with the requirements of this section and that may be
    necessary to make technical or conforming amendments.
        (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to require a commercial motor vehicle to be equipped with, or
    use, cab-mounted warning beacons.
        (d) Cab-mounted Warning Beacons Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``cab-mounted warning beacons'' means auxiliary, exterior lamps that
    are mounted on the cab of a commercial motor vehicle in a position
    where such lamps are visible to approaching traffic, and are amber in
    color, flash, and meet the class 1 photometric performance requirements
    of the standard of the Society of Automotive Engineers International
    titled ``Directional Flashing Optical Warning Devices for Authorized
    Emergency, Maintenance and Service Vehicles''.

    SEC. 5406. NATIONAL CONSUMER COMPLAINT DATABASE.

        Section 4214(a) of SAFETEA-LU (49 U.S.C. 14701 note) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) in paragraph (3) by striking the period and the end and
            inserting ``; and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) collect information on safety violations specific to
            ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicles (as such term is defined
            in section 31132 of title 49, United States Code) and display
            such information in a manner that allows the information to be
            displayed both separately and aggregated with information
            collected under paragraph (1).''.

    SEC. 5407. COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a workforce development
    program to make grants for eligible projects to support the commercial
    motor vehicle workforce, including--
                (1) strengthening employment opportunities for professional
            drivers, mechanics, and related occupations whose duties affect
            the safety and operation of commercial motor vehicles within
            the transportation industry; and
                (2) training individuals to safely operate and maintain
            ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicles.
        (b) Eligible Projects.--For purposes of the program established
    under subsection (a), an eligible project is a project--
                (1) to train current commercial driver's license holders on
            safe operation and maintenance of ADS-equipped commercial motor
            vehicles;
                (2) to establish or improve a registered apprenticeship,
            internship, or scholarship program for individuals pursuing
            employment in the trucking workforce, including vehicle
            maintenance technicians, and interested in working with new and
            emerging technologies;
                (3) to support targeted outreach and partnerships with the
            transportation industry, economic development organizations,
            workforce development boards, and labor organizations to
            support the commercial motor vehicle workforce;
                (4) to support the current workforce in adapting to the
            impacts of new and emerging technologies on the transportation,
            transit, and logistics industries; and
                (5) to otherwise enhance or expand the commercial motor
            vehicle workforce.
        (c) Applications.--An application for a grant made under the
    program established in subsection (a) may be submitted, in such form as
    the Secretary may specify, by--
                (1) a State, local, territorial, or Tribal governmental
            agency;
                (2) an institution of higher education or a postsecondary
            vocational institution;
                (3) a labor organization representing commercial motor
            vehicle operators or mechanics and other maintenance user for
            commercial motor vehicles;
                (4) a non-profit organization described in section
            501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 that is exempt
            from taxation under section 401(a) of such Code.
        (d) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary may set aside up to 2
    percent of the funds appropriated to carry out this section to provide
    technical assistance to eligible applicants for a grant under this
    section.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the program is established
    under subsection (a), and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall
    submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
    House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report on the administration of the
    program that includes--
                (1) a summary of projects awarded grants under this section
            and the progress of each recipient towards fulfilling program
            expectations; and
                (2) recommendations to Congress, governmental agencies,
            educational institutions, labor organizations representing
            transportation workers, the autonomous commercial motor vehicle
            industry, and other stakeholders to better support the
            commercial motor vehicle workforce.
        (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section--
                (1) $27,500,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                (2) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                (3) $28,600,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                (4) $29,200,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                (5) $29,800,000 for fiscal year 2031.
        (g) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Ads-equipped commercial motor vehicle.--The term ``ADS-
            equipped commercial motor vehicle'' has the meaning given such
            term in section 31132 of title 49, United States Code.
                (2) Institution of higher education.--The term
            ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such
            term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
            U.S.C. 1001(a)).
                (3) Postsecondary vocational institution.--The term
            ``postsecondary vocational institution'' has the meaning given
            such term in section 102(c) of the Higher Education Act of 1965
            (20 U.S.C. 1002(c)).

                              TITLE VI--INNOVATION

    SEC. 6001. STRENGTHENING MOBILITY AND REVOLUTIONIZING TRANSPORTATION
                  GRANT PROGRAM.

        Section 25005 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (23
    U.S.C. 502 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in clause (i)--
                                        (I) by striking subclause (III);
                                    and
                                        (II) by redesignating subclauses
                                    (IV) and (V) as subclauses (III) and
                                    (IV), respectively; and
                                (ii) in clause (ii)(IV) by striking
                            ``connect or expand access for underserved or
                            disadvantaged populations and''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) by redesignating clauses (ii) through
                            (viii) as clauses (iii) through (ix),
                            respectively; and
                                (ii) by inserting after clause (i) the
                            following:
                                ``(ii) promote new and emerging
                            technologies that have not been widely
                            deployed;'';
                (2) in subsection (e)(1)(A)(vii) by striking ``to support''
            through the period at the end and inserting ``that is
            predominantly used in or to support transportation
            activities'';
                (3) in subsection (f)(3) by inserting ``and annually
            thereafter through 2031,'' after ``under this section,''; and
                (4) in subsection (g)(1) by striking ``each of the first 5
            fiscal years beginning after the date of enactment of this
            Act'' and inserting ``each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6002. TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT.

        Section 503(c) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (3)(D) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
            2031'';
                (2) in paragraph (3)(E) by striking ``3 years'' and
            inserting ``2 years'';
                (3) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in the heading by striking ``and innovative
                    mobility'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clause (iv) by striking ``protect
                            the environment and'';
                                (ii) by striking clause (xii);
                                (iii) in clause (x) by adding ``or'' at the
                            end; and
                                (iv) in clause (xi) by striking ``; or''
                            and inserting a period;
                        (C) in subparagraph (E)--
                                (i) in clause (xv) by striking ``; or'' and
                            inserting a semicolon;
                                (ii) in clause (xvi) by striking the period
                            and inserting ``; or''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(xvii) cybersecurity protection measures
                            and activities to protect against cybersecurity
                            threats.'';
                        (D) in subparagraph (I)(i) by striking ``fiscal
                    years 2022 through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years
                    2027 through 2031''; and
                        (E) in subparagraph (K) by striking ``20 percent''
                    and inserting ``10 percent''; and
                (4) in paragraph (5)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``fiscal years
                    2022 through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027
                    through 2031''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (D)(i)--
                                (i) in subclause (I) by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) in subclause (II) by striking the
                            period and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                        ``(III) any recommendations or best
                                    practices to encourage wider deployment
                                    and implementation of advanced digital
                                    management systems by States.''.

    SEC. 6003. STRATEGIC INNOVATION FOR REVENUE COLLECTION.

        Section 13001 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (23
    U.S.C. 503 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by striking ``To test'' and all that
                            follows through ``including among'' and
                            inserting ``To test the design, acceptance, and
                            implementation of user-based alternative
                            revenue mechanisms at the State and regional
                            level, and with respect to all types of roadway
                            users, including users in''; and
                                (ii) by striking clause (ii) and inserting
                            the following:
                                ``(ii) urban, suburban, and rural areas.'';
                            and
                        (B) in subparagraph (G) by inserting ``and
                    effectiveness'' after ``the ease'';
                (2) in subsection (d) by inserting ``and annually
            thereafter,'' after ``this Act,''; and
                (3) in subsection (e)(1) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
            2031''.

    SEC. 6004. NATIONAL MOTOR VEHICLE PER-MILE USER FEE PILOT.

        Section 13002 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (23
    U.S.C. 503 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking ``demonstrate'' and inserting
                            ``implement'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A) by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (iii) in subparagraph (B) by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) to preserve the `user-pays' principle of the
                    Highway Trust Fund.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``and''
                            at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C) by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) to collect and report data on--
                                ``(i) the differential effects of a
                            national per-mile road usage charge and the
                            Federal motor fuels tax between urban and rural
                            drivers; and
                                ``(ii) the interoperability of road usage
                            charge collection between the States.'';
                (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by
                    inserting ``, testing, and evaluating'' after
                    ``selecting'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (E) by inserting ``and data
                    from the entities that received grants under section
                    13001'' before the period at the end;
                        (C) in subparagraph (F) by striking ``stations''
                    and inserting ``and motor vehicle inspection
                    stations'';
                        (D) by redesignating subparagraph (G) as
                    subparagraph (I); and
                        (E) by inserting after subparagraph (F) the
                    following:
                        ``(G) Reporting by volunteer participants,
                    including reporting through State departments of motor
                    vehicles.
                        ``(H) Odometer-based systems.'';
                (3) in subsection (f)(2)(A) by inserting ``and the vehicles
            of such participants'' after ``participants'';
                (4) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A) by striking ``Not later than 90 days after
                            the date of enactment of this Act'' and
                            inserting ``Not later than 30 days after the
                            date of enactment of the BUILD America 250
                            Act'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (iii) in subparagraph (C) by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) identifying information gaps to be addressed
                    by the strategic innovation for revenue collection
                    program established under section 13001.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3) by inserting ``, and the
                    Secretary shall provide such recommendations to the
                    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the
                    Committee on Ways and Means of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Environment and
                    Public Works and the Committee on Finance of the
                    Senate'' after ``pilot program'';
                (5) in subsection (h)(1)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by
                    striking ``may'' and inserting ``shall''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B) by inserting ``strategic
                    innovation for revenue collection program established
                    under section 13001 and the'' after ``from the''; and
                (6) in subsection (n) by striking paragraph (1) and
            inserting the following:
                ``(1) progress made toward achieving the objectives
            described in subsection (b)(2);''; and
                (7) in subsection (o)(1) by striking ``2022 through 2026''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6005. ITS ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

        Section 515(h)(2) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (Q) through (W) as
            subparagraphs (R) through (X), respectively; and
                (2) by inserting after subparagraph (P) the following:
                        ``(Q) a representative from a labor organization
                    representing transportation workers;''.

    SEC. 6006. ENCOURAGED USE OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS.

        (a) In General.--Section 102(h) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraphs (5) and (6) by striking ``Center'' each
            place it appears and inserting ``Executive Director''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Encouraged use of digital platforms.--The
                    Executive Director, in coordination with the
                    appropriate operating administrations within the
                    Department, shall, as appropriate, encourage recipients
                    of Federal funds provided by the Department to utilize
                    digital platforms, such as interactive cloud-based
                    platforms or 3-dimensional digital models of
                    infrastructure project elements, when carrying out
                    environmental reviews under the National Environmental
                    Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).''.
        (b) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Executive Director of the Interagency Infrastructure
    Permitting Improvement Center of the Department shall publish
    technology-neutral guidance to facilitate the adoption of digital
    platforms by sponsors of projects that receive Federal funds from the
    Department that are required to carry out the environmental impact
    analysis and community engagement processes under the National
    Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

    SEC. 6007. NONTRADITIONAL AND EMERGING TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY
                  COUNCIL.

        Section 313 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3) by striking ``; and'' and
                    inserting ``, including--
                        ``(A) State and local transportation officials;
                        ``(B) transportation industry associations;
                        ``(C) academia and research institutes;
                        ``(D) representatives from labor organizations
                    representing transportation workers; and
                        ``(E) other stakeholders as determined appropriate
                    by the Council;'';
                        (B) in paragraph (4) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``, including digital infrastructure;
                    and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) identify cases where nontraditional and emerging
            technologies may be beneficial across multiple modal
            administrations.''; and
                (2) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) by striking ``2026'' and inserting ``2031'';
                    and
                        (B) by striking ``describing'' and all that follows
                    through the period at the end and inserting
                    ``describing--
                ``(1) the activities of the Council during the preceding
            calendar year; and
                ``(2) how each modal administration of the Department of
            Transportation is incorporating nontraditional and emerging
            technologies the Council has identified as beneficial into the
            initiatives of the administration.''.

    SEC. 6008. UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION CENTERS PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 5505 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(4)(B)(vi) by inserting ``to State and
            local transportation officials'' after ``disseminate results'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(4)(A) by striking ``not more than'';
            and
                (3) in subsection (d)(3) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
            2031''.
        (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to require the Secretary to provide a greater number of
    grants under section 5505 of title 49, United States Code, than there
    are eligible applicants.

    SEC. 6009. PROHIBITION RELATED TO CERTAIN FOREIGN-MADE LIDAR
                  TECHNOLOGY.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered foreign country; covered lidar company; covered
            lidar technology; lidar.--The terms ``covered foreign
            country'', ``covered LiDAR company'', ``covered LiDAR
            technology'' , and ``LiDAR'' have the meanings given those
            terms in section 164(e) of the Servicemember Quality of Life
            Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
            Year 2025 (10 U.S.C. note prec. 4651; Public Law 118-159).
                (2) Recipient.--The term ``recipient'' means a person or
            entity, including a State or local governmental authority, that
            receives Federal financial assistance from the Department.
                (3) Subrecipient.--The term ``subrecipient'' means a person
            or entity, including a State or local governmental authority,
            that receives Federal financial assistance indirectly from the
            Department through a recipient for purposes of carrying out a
            contract or an award agreement, including a loan.
        (b) Prohibition on Use or Procurement of Certain LiDAR.--
                (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (3), the
            Secretary may not--
                        (A) procure or obtain--
                                (i) any covered LiDAR technology;
                                (ii) any LiDAR technology otherwise
                            produced or provided by a covered LiDAR
                            company; or
                                (iii) any LiDAR technology produced in or
                            provided by a covered foreign country; or
                        (B) enter into, extend, or renew a contract, award
                    agreement, or loan with any entity unless the entity
                    certifies to the Secretary that no recipient or
                    subrecipient party to the relevant contract, award
                    agreement, or loan will obligate or expend Federal
                    financial assistance associated with such contract,
                    award agreement, or loan to procure or obtain covered
                    LiDAR technology described in clause (ii) or (iii) of
                    subparagraph (A).
                (2) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the prohibition under
            paragraph (1) on a case-by-case basis by submitting to the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate, not later than 15 days before the
            applicable activity is carried out--
                        (A) a written certification that the activity to
                    which the prohibition applies and for which a waiver
                    will be provided is in the national interest of the
                    United States; and
                        (B) a description of the activity for which the
                    waiver will be provided.
                (3) Exemption.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any grant,
            operation, procurement, or contracting action that is--
                        (A) performed by a Federal agency or through a
                    contract or subcontract on behalf of a Federal agency;
                        (B) determined by the Secretary to be used for
                    transportation safety purposes, including testing,
                    research, evaluation, analysis, investigation, or
                    training related to transportation safety; and
                        (C) not for commercial operations.
        (c) Effective Date.--The prohibition under subsection (b) shall
    only apply to a written agreement, grant agreement, or contract entered
    into by the Secretary on or after the date that is 1 year after the
    date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 6010. DATA PRIVACY.

        (a) In General.--In carrying out any activity of the Department
    related to predictive analytics, telematics, or any other validated
    methodology tools, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent
    practicable, ensure that personally identifiable information is
    protected in accordance with applicable Federal privacy laws.
        (b) Interoffice Coordination.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
    Secretary shall ensure that, with respect to the use of any tool
    described in subsection (a), all practices relating to the protection
    of personally identifiable information are consistent across each
    office and operating administration of the Department, including the--
                (1) Federal Highway Administration;
                (2) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration;
                (3) Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and
            Technology; and
                (4) Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program
            Office.
        (c) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall develop and issue guidance on best
    practices for--
                (1) anonymizing and securing safety-related data and
            protecting personally identifiable information;
                (2) promoting transparency and accountability in the use of
            predictive analytics, telematics, and other data-driven tools;
            and
                (3) ensuring that safety-related data and technologies are
            grounded in validated methodologies to ensure reliability and
            effectiveness.
        (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (a) shall be
    construed by the Secretary to preclude the use of innovative
    technologies or data sources that support safety outcomes and comply
    with applicable privacy protections.

    SEC. 6011. STUDY ON ADOPTION AND DEPLOYMENT OF NEW AND EMERGING
                  TECHNOLOGIES.

        (a) Study.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall seek to enter into
            an agreement with the Transportation Research Board of the
            National Academies to conduct a study to review the strategy of
            the Department to encourage the adoption of new and emerging
            technologies, including digital project delivery tools and
            intelligent transportation systems.
                (2) Scope.--In conducting the study under subsection (a),
            the Transportation Research Board shall--
                        (A) quantify cost savings and safety benefits
                    related to adoption of new and emerging technologies;
                        (B) identify potential cost increases or safety
                    risks related to the adoption of new and emerging
                    technologies;
                        (C) evaluate the positive and negative impacts the
                    adoption of new and emerging technologies has on the
                    transportation workforce; and
                        (D) provide recommendations relevant to the
                    findings of the study.
        (b) Consultation.--In conducting the study under subsection (a),
    the Transportation Research Board shall consult with--
                (1) the modal administrations of the Department;
                (2) State departments of transportation;
                (3) a representative from a transportation safety advocacy
            organization;
                (4) a representative from a labor organization representing
            transportation workers; and
                (5) any other entities the Transportation Research Board
            determines to be relevant.
        (c) Report.--If the Transportation Research Board enters into an
    agreement under subsection (a), not later than 18 months after the date
    on which the study under subsection (a) is completed, the
    Transportation Research Board shall submit to the Secretary, the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives, the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the
    Senate, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
    the Senate a report describing the results of the study conducted under
    subsection (a).

    SEC. 6012. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ACCESSIBILITY STUDY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall seek to enter into an
    agreement with the Transportation Research Board of the National
    Academies to conduct a study to determine what changes to
    transportation infrastructure would most improve the ability of
    individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use
    wheelchairs, to safely access and use ride-hail ADS-equipped vehicles,
    by considering the following:
                (1) Technological solutions for dynamic curb management.
                (2) Sidewalk and roadway designs.
                (3) Dedicated pick-up and drop-off zones.
                (4) Curb extension.
                (5) Infrastructure design.
                (6) Any other factors relating to transportation
            infrastructure the Secretary determines should be examined to
            better enable individuals with disabilities to safely access
            and use ride-hail ADS-equipped vehicles.
        (b) Considerations.--The Secretary shall ensure that, in conducting
    the study under subsection (a), the Transportation Research Board
    considers--
                (1) the degree to which each change to transportation
            infrastructure considered under such study would improve ADS-
            equipped vehicle access;
                (2) the cost-effectiveness of such changes;
                (3) the applicability or replicability of such changes in
            urban, suburban, rural, and other areas; and
                (4) whether existing regulatory or policy requirements pose
            barriers to the efficient adoption of such changes.
        (c) Reports.--
                (1) Report to secretary.--If the Transportation Research
            Board enters into an agreement under subsection (a), not later
            than 180 days after the date on which the study under
            subsection (a) is completed, the Transportation Research Board
            shall submit to the Secretary a report on the results of such
            study, including any recommendations determined appropriate by
            the Transportation Research Board.
                (2) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days after the
            date on which the Transportation Research Board submits the
            report under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives, the Committee on Environment and Public Works
            of the Senate, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate a report describing the results of
            the study required under subsection (a), including any
            recommendations for further action determined appropriate by
            the Secretary.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) ADS-equipped vehicle.--The term ``ADS-equipped
            vehicle'' has the meaning given to the term as provided in the
            April 2021 edition of recommended practice J3016 of SAE
            International titled ``Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms
            Related to Driving Automation Systems for On Road Motor
            Vehicles''.
                (2) Ride-hail ads-equipped vehicles.--The term ``ride-hail
            ADS-equipped vehicles'' means an ADS-equipped vehicle that is--
                        (A) offered for pre-arranged transportation
                    services for compensation, using an internet-enabled
                    application or electronic platform to connect
                    passengers with vehicles; and
                        (B) dispatched in a driverless operation.

    SEC. 6013. GAO STUDY OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PHYSICAL AND
                  CYBER VULNERABILITIES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall initiate a study on the
    physical and cybersecurity risks associated with intelligent
    transportation systems and advanced transportation technology.
        (b) Requirements.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall--
                (1) assess physical and cybersecurity vulnerabilities for
            data and network protection of intelligent transportation
            systems;
                (2) assess Federal, State, and local government procurement
            of foreign-manufactured devices and undocumented communication
            features in such devices; and
                (3) include recommendations to the Secretary to reduce the
            risk of physical or cyber vulnerabilities associated with
            intelligent transportation systems and advanced transportation
            technologies.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the
    Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate, and the
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on the results of the study required under subsection (a),
    including any recommendations associated with such results.
        (d) Classification.--The report required under subsection (c) shall
    be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include a classified
    annex.
        (e) Intelligent Transportation System Defined.--In this section,
    the term ``intelligent transportation system'' means electronics,
    communications, or information processing used singly or in combination
    to improve the efficiency or safety of a surface transportation system.

    SEC. 6014. GAO STUDY AND REPORT ON AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS SAFETY
                  ASSURANCE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall initiate a study
    to assess what changes to surface transportation infrastructure may be
    necessary for the safe deployment of vehicles equipped with automated
    driving systems.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall evaluate--
                (1) if the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
            accurately collects incident data; and
                (2) if changes are needed to--
                        (A) data standardization requirements; and
                        (B) data sharing and privacy protocols.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consult with--
                (1) State departments of transportation;
                (2) representatives of law enforcement;
                (3) manufacturers of automated driving systems;
                (4) transportation safety advocacy organizations; and
                (5) other stakeholders the Comptroller General determines
            appropriate.
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives, the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of
    Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report on the results of the study
    conducted under subsection (a).

    SEC. 6015. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

         The Secretary may provide such guidance as may be necessary,
    including technical assistance, to State departments of transportation
    to enable the use of construction materials on Federal-aid projects
    that are manufactured using a process that--
                (1) produces materials with--
                        (A) superior durability to conventional materials;
                    and
                        (B) superior performance with respect to--
                                (i) compressive strength;
                                (ii) tensile strength; or
                                (iii) workability; and
                (2) produces materials that meet the engineering
            specifications of the State and achieve superior performance
            with respect to--
                        (A) environmental performance; or
                        (B) energy efficiency.

           TITLE VII--FREIGHT AND MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS

                           Subtitle A--Freight Policy

    SEC. 7001. NATIONAL MULTIMODAL FREIGHT POLICY.

        (a) In General.--Section 70101 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(1)(A) by striking ``the contribution
            of the National Multimodal Freight Network to'';
                (2) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); and
                (3) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
        ``(c) Consideration.--In awarding competitive grants under section
    6701 of this title and section 117 of title 23, the Secretary shall
    consider, to the maximum extent practicable--
                ``(1) how a project would address or eliminate bottlenecks
            identified on the National Multimodal Freight Network; and
                ``(2) how a project would improve the movement of freight
            on the National Multimodal Freight Network.''.
        (b) Assessment of National Multimodal Freight Policy.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall conduct a
            comprehensive review of the national multimodal freight policy
            under section 70101 of title 49, United States Code, and report
            to Congress.
                (2) Contents.--In carrying out the review under paragraph
            (1), the Comptroller General shall assess--
                        (A) the implementation of the national multimodal
                    freight policy under section 70101 of title 49, United
                    States Code;
                        (B) the extent to which the national strategic
                    freight plan is utilized by State transportation
                    departments and relevant stakeholders;
                        (C) requirements under subsections (b) and (c) of
                    section 70103 of title 49, United States Code, relating
                    to the designation and redesignation of the National
                    Multimodal Freight Network and the process for
                    considering input from State transportation departments
                    provided under subsection (b)(4) of such section;
                        (D) efforts made under this Act, the Infrastructure
                    Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law Public Law 117-58),
                    and the Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act
                    (Public Law 114-94) to improve the movement of freight;
                    and
                        (E) the effectiveness of national multimodal
                    freight policy in addressing freight mobility issues,
                    including bottlenecks on the National Multimodal
                    Freight Network and on other freight systems in the
                    United States, including such bottlenecks at highway
                    interchanges.
                (3) Recommendations.--The report required under paragraph
            (1) shall include recommendations based on the assessment of
            the Comptroller General under paragraph (2), which may include
            recommendations to--
                        (A) strengthen the national multimodal freight
                    policy; and
                        (B) address freight mobility issues through the
                    national multimodal freight policy, including
                    mitigating bottlenecks on the National Multimodal
                    Freight Network and on other highway systems across the
                    United States.
                (4) Report.--The Comptroller General shall submit to the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate a report containing the assessment
            and recommendations required under this subsection.

    SEC. 7002. NATIONAL FREIGHT STRATEGIC PLAN.

        Section 70102 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``Internet Web site'' and
            inserting ``website'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (7), by inserting ``, including
                    inland maritime port facilities'' after ``intermodal
                    connectivity''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (15), by striking ``and
                    historically disadvantaged''; and
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) by striking ``Not later than 5 years after the
                    date of completion of the national freight strategic
                    plan under subsection (a), and every 5 years
                    thereafter,'' and inserting ``Not less frequently than
                    every 3 years,''; and
                        (B) by striking ``Internet Web site'' and inserting
                    ``website''.

    SEC. 7003. NATIONAL MULTIMODAL FREIGHT NETWORK.

        Section 70103 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3) by striking ``; and'' and
                    inserting a semicolon;
                        (B) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph
                    (5); and
                        (C) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
                ``(4) to identify and address freight mobility challenges,
            including bottlenecks; and'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A) by inserting ``, including
                    by addressing freight mobility challenges'' after
                    ``connectivity'';
                        (B) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B)(iii)--
                                        (I) in subclause (IV) by striking
                                    ``; or'' and inserting a semicolon;
                                        (II) by redesignating subclause (V)
                                    as subclause (VII); and
                                        (III) by inserting after subclause
                                    (IV) the following:
                                        ``(V) a water storage facility;
                                        ``(VI) an inland maritime port
                                    facility; or'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                        (I) in clause (i) by striking
                                    ``Under Secretary'' and inserting
                                    ``Assistant Secretary''; and
                                        (II) in clause (ii)--
                                                (aa) in the clause heading
                                            by striking ``Under secretary''
                                            and inserting ``Assistant
                                            secretary''; and
                                                (bb) by striking ``Under
                                            Secretary'' and inserting
                                            ``Assistant Secretary''; and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (D) by striking
                            ``Under Secretary'' and inserting ``Assistant
                            Secretary''; and
                (3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
        ``(c) Redesignation of National Multimodal Freight Network.--The
    Assistant Secretary shall, on a triennial basis and using the
    designation factors described in subsection (b), redesignate the
    National Multimodal Freight Network established under subsection
    (a).''.

    SEC. 7004. STATE FREIGHT ADVISORY COMMITTEES.

        Section 70201(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``shall'' and inserting ``may''.

    SEC. 7005. STATE FREIGHT PLANS.

        Section 70202 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(8) by striking ``any strategies'' and
            inserting ``strategies and actions the State proposes'';
                (2) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i); and
                (3) by inserting after subsection (g) the following:
        ``(h) Solutions for Bottlenecks at Highway Interchanges.--Each
    State freight plan under this section shall include--
                ``(1) a list of freight bottlenecks, including those at
            highway interchanges, if applicable; and
                ``(2) solutions for addressing freight bottlenecks,
            including those at highway interchanges, identified under
            paragraph (1).''.

    SEC. 7006. FREIGHT LOGISTICS OPTIMIZATION WORKS PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 63 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 6315. Freight Logistics Optimization Works Program
        ``(a) Establishment.--The Director, in coordination with the Office
    of Multimodal Freight Infrastructure and Policy, shall establish and
    maintain a program to be known as the `Freight Logistics Optimization
    Works Program' (in this section referred to as the `FLOW Program') to
    improve freight system efficiency, resilience, and supply chain
    visibility through voluntary public-private data sharing.
        ``(b) Goals.--The goals of the FLOW Program shall be to--
                ``(1) enhance visibility into national and regional freight
            flows;
                ``(2) identify and mitigate freight bottlenecks;
                ``(3) improve freight system forecasting and planning;
                ``(4) strengthen supply chain resilience; and
                ``(5) support data-informed freight policy development.
        ``(c) Participation.--Participation in the FLOW Program shall be
    voluntary and may include--
                ``(1) port authorities;
                ``(2) terminal operators;
                ``(3) ocean carriers;
                ``(4) rail carriers;
                ``(5) motor carriers;
                ``(6) shippers;
                ``(7) logistics providers;
                ``(8) warehouse operators; and
                ``(9) any other freight stakeholders, as determined by the
            Director.
        ``(d) Data Protection.--The Director shall ensure that data
    submitted to the FLOW Program is--
                ``(1) aggregated and anonymized prior to dissemination;
                ``(2) protected in accordance with section 6307 of this
            title and section 3572 of title 44; and
                ``(3) exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5.
        ``(e) Data Stewardship.--The Bureau shall serve as the neutral data
    steward and shall develop protocols to ensure data security, integrity,
    and appropriate access.
        ``(f) Use of Data.--Data collected under the FLOW Program may be
    used to--
                ``(1) produce aggregated freight performance metrics;
                ``(2) inform freight planning and optimization; and
                ``(3) support emergency response and supply chain
            resilience efforts.''.
        (b) Coordination.--Section 118 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (6) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph
                    (8); and
                        (C) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
                ``(7) to carry out the Freight Logistics Optimization Works
            Program established under section 6315, in coordination with
            the Bureau of Transportation Statistics; and''; and
                (2) in subsection (d)(5) by inserting ``, including data
            aggregated through the Freight Logistics Optimization Works
            Program established under section 6315'' after ``planning
            tools''.

                   Subtitle B--Multimodal Policy and Programs

    SEC. 7101. STREAMLINING POSITIONS WITHIN OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY.

        (a) In General.--Section 102 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (e)(1)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by
                    striking ``8'' and inserting ``9'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``an Assistant
                    Secretary for Governmental Affairs,'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``who shall''
                    and inserting ``an Assistant Secretary for Governmental
                    Affairs, and an Assistant Secretary for Tribal
                    Government Affairs, who shall each'';
                        (D) in subparagraph (C) by adding ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (E) by striking subparagraph (D); and
                        (F) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as
                    subparagraph (D); and
                (2) by striking subsection (g).
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--
                (1) Coordination.--Section 102(j)(4) of title 49, United
            States Code, is amended by striking ``subsection (e)(1)(E)''
            and inserting ``subsection (e)(1)''.
                (2) Positions at level iv.--Section 5315 of title 5, United
            States Code, is amended by striking ``Assistant Secretaries of
            Transportation (5)'' and inserting ``Assistant Secretaries of
            Transportation (9)''.

    SEC. 7102. COUNCIL ON CREDIT AND FINANCE TRANSPARENCY.

        Section 117 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following new subsection:
        ``(d) Transparency.--Not later than 15 days after a meeting of the
    Council, the Secretary shall publish on the website of the Department a
    summary of the meeting, including--
                ``(1) an agenda; and
                ``(2) a record of decisions and actions.''.

    SEC. 7103. AMENDMENTS TO WORKING CAPITAL FUND.

        Section 327 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (4) by striking ``; and'' and
                    inserting a semicolon;
                        (B) in paragraph (5) by striking the period and
                    inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) transferring information technology equipment,
            software, and systems from Departmental sources or other
            entities and collecting and maintaining a reserve at rates
            which will return the full cost of transferred assets.''; and
                (2) in subsection (d) by striking ``shall be reimbursed, in
            advance,'' and inserting ``may be reimbursed after performance
            or paid in advance''.

    SEC. 7104. TRANSPORTATION ASSISTANCE FOR INTERNATIONAL GAMES.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 55 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by inserting after section 5501 the following:
    ``Sec. 5502. Transportation assistance for international games
        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Covered event.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The term `covered event' means
                    an event that--
                                ``(i) in the determination of the
                            Secretary, is a multiday international sporting
                            event, including--
                                        ``(I) an Olympic, Paralympic, or
                                    Special Olympics event;
                                        ``(II) a FIFA Women's World Cup
                                    event; and
                                        ``(III) a FIFA World Cup event;
                                ``(ii) is held at a site located in a State
                            that has been selected by an internationally
                            recognized governing body for the sporting
                            event to hold such event; and
                                ``(iii) is not regularly held at such site.
                        ``(B) Treatment of multiple events.--More than 1
                    event described in subparagraph (A), occurring in the
                    same stadium, city, metropolitan planning area (as
                    defined in section 5331), or metropolitan statistical
                    area (as designated by the Director of the Office of
                    Management and Budget), shall be treated as part of the
                    same overall competition, sporting event, or grouping
                    of competitions or sporting events and shall be
                    considered to be 1 covered event.
                ``(2) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                        ``(A) a State or local government entity or Indian
                    Tribe hosting a covered event;
                        ``(B) a State or local government entity or Indian
                    Tribe that--
                                ``(i) is supporting a covered event; and
                                ``(ii) has jurisdiction over an area that
                            is located within a 100-mile radius of the
                            location in which the applicable covered event
                            is being held;
                        ``(C) a metropolitan planning organization (as such
                    term is defined in section 5331) that serves an area
                    that is under the jurisdiction of a State, Indian
                    Tribe, or unit of local government described in
                    subparagraph (A) or (B);
                        ``(D) an entity eligible to receive a grant under
                    section 24911 that operates intercity passenger rail
                    service within a 100-mile radius of the location in
                    which the applicable covered event is being held; or
                        ``(E) the sponsor of an airport--
                                ``(i) receiving a grant under subchapter I
                            of chapter 471; and
                                ``(ii) that is located within a 100-mile
                            radius of the location in which the applicable
                            covered event is being held.
                ``(3) Eligible project.--The term `eligible project'
            means--
                        ``(A) a transportation project that is eligible for
                    assistance under any provision of this title or title
                    23 and that the applicant certifies--
                                ``(i) will assist with the movement of
                            individuals and goods for the applicable
                            covered event; or
                                ``(ii) will mitigate or prevent any adverse
                            effects from the transportation changes
                            resulting from a covered event; or
                        ``(B) a transportation planning activity that the
                    applicant certifies will assist with the movement of
                    individuals and goods for the applicable covered event.
                ``(4) Indian tribe.--The term `Indian Tribe' has the
            meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
            Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
                ``(5) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary
            of Transportation.
                ``(6) State.--The term `State' has the meaning given such
            term in section 5302.
        ``(b) Grants for Transportation Projects Relating to International
    Games.--
                ``(1) In general.--For each fiscal year in which
            appropriations are provided to carry out this section, the
            Secretary may make grants under this section to eligible
            entities to carry out an eligible project.
                ``(2) Prohibition.--A grant under this section may not be
            used by an eligible entity for any activities related to
            preparing or submitting a bid to be selected to host a covered
            event.
                ``(3) Award requirements.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in
                    subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall, with respect to
                    a project funded by a grant under this section, apply--
                                ``(i) the requirements of title 23 to a
                            highway, road, or bridge project;
                                ``(ii) the requirements of chapter 53 to a
                            transit project; or
                                ``(iii) the requirements of section 22905
                            to a rail project.
                        ``(B) Requirements for airports.--The requirements
                    described under chapters 501 and 471 shall apply to any
                    project carried out by an eligible entity described in
                    subsection (a)(2)(E) with amounts made available under
                    this section.
                ``(4) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized
            to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section,
            to remain available until expended--
                        ``(A) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        ``(E) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
        ``(c) Transportation Planning Activities.--The Secretary shall
    provide technical and planning assistance to recipients of a grant
    under this section, including--
                ``(1) by assisting State or local governmental entities,
            metropolitan planning organizations, and Indian Tribes with the
            development of intermodal transportation plans relating to a
            covered event;
                ``(2) by facilitating and incentivizing programs to
            temporarily pool and share, for the duration of a covered
            event, buses and related equipment among State and local
            governmental entities, Indian Tribes, and other governmental
            and nongovernmental entities;
                ``(3) by expediting review and comment of any required
            submissions to the Secretary relating to a covered event;
                ``(4) by assisting with the coordination of transportation
            planning efforts between governments and the private sector;
            and
                ``(5) by providing any other technical or planning
            assistance the Secretary determines to be necessary.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 55 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to
    section 5501 the following:

    ``5502. Transportation assistance for international games.''.

    SEC. 7105. NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT ASSISTANCE.

        Section 6701 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2)(E) by inserting ``, a lessee of a
            Federal surface transportation hub,'' after ``special purpose
            district'';
                (2) by striking subparagraph (E) of subsection (d)(1) and
            inserting the following:
                        ``(E) a public transportation project--
                                ``(i) that is--
                                        ``(I) eligible for assistance under
                                    chapter 53; and
                                        ``(II) part of a project described
                                    in any of subparagraphs (A) through
                                    (D); or
                                ``(ii) that is--
                                        ``(I) eligible for assistance under
                                    section 5309; and
                                        ``(II) located in an urbanized area
                                    of 200,000 or more population; or'';
                (3) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B)(v) by striking
                            ``impacts,'' and all that follows through
                            ``resilience;'' and inserting ``impacts;''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``,
                            including with respect to short- and long-term
                            job access, growth, or creation'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (C) by striking
                            ``uses'' and all that follows through
                            ``technologies'' and inserting ``uses
                            innovative construction materials or
                            technologies'';
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D)
                            through (F) as subparagraphs (E) through (G),
                            respectively;
                                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C)
                            the following:
                        ``(D) whether a project would address the impact of
                    population growth on the movement of people and
                    freight; and''; and
                                (iv) in subparagraph (F), as so
                            redesignated, by striking ``transportation,
                            including'' and all that follows through
                            ``rail; and'' and inserting ``transportation;
                            and'';
                (4) in subsection (h)(1)(B) by striking ``for the purpose
            of improving habitat for aquatic species'' and inserting ``that
            are eligible under section 176(d) of title 23'';
                (5) in subsection (k) by striking ``30 days'' and inserting
            ``3 days''; and
                (6) in subsection (m)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``fiscal years
                    2022 through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027
                    through 2031''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``50 percent'' and
                    inserting ``25 percent''.

    SEC. 7106. LOCAL AND REGIONAL PROJECT ASSISTANCE.

        Section 6702 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``2014
                            through 2018; and'' and inserting ``2019
                            through 2023;'';
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as
                            subparagraph (D); and
                                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (B)
                            the following:
                        ``(C) any qualified opportunity zone, as such term
                    is defined in section 1400Z-1 of the Internal Revenue
                    Code of 1986; and''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(F) by inserting ``or a lessee
                    of a Federal surface transportation hub'' after
                    ``transportation function'';
                (2) in subsection (a)(3)(G) by striking ``for the purpose
            of improving habitat for aquatic species'' and inserting ``that
            is eligible under section 176(d) of title 23 and'';
                (3) in subsection (b)(2) by inserting ``surface'' after
            ``impact and improve'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``the
                            project has demonstrated readiness; and'' and
                            inserting ``construction of the project is
                            reasonably expected to begin not later than 18
                            months after the date on which the grant
                            recipient is selected;'';
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as
                            subparagraph (E); and
                                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C)
                            the following:
                        ``(D) the project sponsor includes documentation
                    certifying such sponsor has notified a State department
                    of transportation if the project is located on a State-
                    owned or State-managed transportation facility; and'';
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (7) as
                    paragraphs (6) through (8), respectively; and
                        (C) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
                ``(5) Limitation.--In awarding grants under the program
            established in subsection (b), the Secretary shall select grant
            recipients based only on the selection criteria described in
            paragraphs (3) and (4).'';
                (5) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2) by striking ``, a historically
                    disadvantaged community,''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Pre-award authority.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide pre-
                    award authority for eligible pre-award activities to
                    permit expenses to be incurred by a recipient during
                    the period beginning on the date on which the recipient
                    is selected and ending on the date on which the grant
                    agreement is signed.
                        ``(B) Eligible pre-award activities.--The Secretary
                    shall make publicly available in the notice of funding
                    opportunity the eligible pre-award activities for an
                    award under this section which shall be similar in
                    nature to eligible pre-award activities granted to
                    applicants under section 5309.'';
                (6) in subsection (f)(2)--
                        (A) in the heading by striking ``Historically
                    disadvantaged communities and areas'' and inserting
                    ``Areas''; and
                        (B) by striking ``historically disadvantaged
                    communities or'';
                (7) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph
                    (3); and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Treatment.--Amounts provided under this subsection
            shall not be considered a guarantee of future selection of the
            applicable project under the program.'';
                (8) in subsection (j) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
            2031''; and
                (9) in subsection (k)(2) by striking ``Not later than'' and
            all that follows through ``shall'' and inserting ``Not less
            frequently than every 2 years, the Comptroller General of the
            United States shall''.

    SEC. 7107. NATIONAL CULVERT REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT, AND RESTORATION GRANT
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 6703 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
                    striking ``or weirs that'' and inserting ``or weirs,
                    including projects that''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``may include''
                    and all that follows through ``weir improvements'' and
                    inserting ``shall include infrastructure to facilitate
                    fish passage around or over the weir''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by inserting ``or the District
                    of Columbia'' after ``a State'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``or'' at the end;
                        (C) in paragraph (3) by striking the period and
                    inserting ``; or''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) any combination or consortium of an entity described
            in paragraphs (1) through (3).''.

    SEC. 7108. RURAL AND TRIBAL INFRASTRUCTURE ADVANCEMENT PILOT EXTENSION.

        Section 21205 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (49
    U.S.C. 116 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``2026'' and
                    inserting ``2031'';
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2); and
                        (C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph
                    (2); and
                (2) in subsection (g) by striking ``the date that is 5
            years after the date of enactment of this Act'' and inserting
            ``October 1, 2031''.

    SEC. 7109. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON CARGO THEFT AND FREIGHT FRAUD.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish an advisory
    committee to provide advice and recommendations to the Secretary on
    regulations and policies to better deter and address cargo theft and
    freight fraud.
        (b) Membership.--The advisory committee established under
    subsection (a) shall be composed of not more than 20 members, appointed
    by the Secretary, including representatives of--
                (1) Federal law enforcement agencies;
                (2) local and State law enforcement agencies;
                (3) motor carriers, including independent owner-operators;
                (4) shipping and logistics companies, including third-party
            logistics providers;
                (5) brokers;
                (6) multimodal freight operators, including port and marine
            terminal operators;
                (7) cybersecurity professionals; and
                (8) other stakeholders that the Secretary determines
            appropriate.
        (c) Considerations.--The advisory committee established under
    subsection (a) shall consider--
                (1) the various types of cargo theft, including--
                        (A) theft in which an entire load of cargo is
                    physically stolen from a location;
                        (B) theft in which part of a load of cargo is
                    stolen from an unattended trailer; and
                        (C) theft in which specific cargo is stolen, which
                    may involve fleet impersonation or double-brokering;
                (2) the geographic and type of location at which cargo
            theft occurs;
                (3) the type of cargo being stolen;
                (4) the financial costs of cargo theft, including--
                        (A) the indirect financial costs to consumers;
                        (B) supply chain operational disruptions;
                        (C) chain-of-custody responsibilities between
                    carriers and customers; and
                        (D) insurance costs;
                (5) the role of law enforcement and the cross-
            jurisdictional nature of freight movement;
                (6) physical and cybersecurity measures used by carriers to
            combat cargo theft, including zero trust verification and
            detection of emulators and voice over internet protocol
            numbers; and
                (7) regulations, policies, and guidance of the Department
            related to motor carriers, including motor carrier
            registration, data exchange and verification, and supply chain
            integrity.
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, and biennially thereafter, the advisory
    committee established under subsection (a) shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report that--
                (1) describes the advice and recommendations made to the
            Secretary under subsection (a); and
                (2) includes an assessment of progress made by the
            Secretary in addressing cargo theft and freight fraud.

                           TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS

    SEC. 8001. TITLE 23 TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

        (a) Title 23 Chapter Analysis.--The chapter analysis for title 23,
    United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to chapter
    1 and inserting the following:

    ``1. Federal-Aid Highways...................................    101.''.
        (b) Metropolitan Transportation Planning.--Section 134(a)(1) of
    title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``areas'' and inserting ``areas,''; and
                (2) by striking ``employment,,'' and inserting
            ``employment,''.
        (c) Enforcement of Requirements.--Section 141(b) of title 23,
    United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``subsection (b) of this
            section'' and inserting ``subsection (a)'';
                (2) in paragraph (2) by striking ``subsection (b) of this
            section'' and inserting ``subsection (a)''; and
                (3) in paragraph (3) by striking ``of this subsection''.
        (d) Safety Incentives to Prevent Operation of Motor Vehicles by
    Intoxicated Persons.--Section 163(f) of title 23, United States Code,
    is amended to read as follows:
        ``(f) Availability of Funds.--Notwithstanding section 118(b), funds
    authorized by this subsection shall remain available until expended.''.

    SEC. 8002. TITLE 49 TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

        (a) Regulation of Solid Waste Rail Transfer Facilities.--Section
    10908(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting a
    comma after ``(42 U.S.C. 6903(29))''.
        (b) Situations Requiring Immediate Action to Serve the Public.--
    Section 11123(f) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``section 24102(4)'' and inserting ``section 24102''.
        (c) Chapter 117 Analysis.--The analysis for chapter 117 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to
    section 11708 and inserting the following:

    ``11708. Voluntary arbitration of certain rail rates and practices
                                disputes.''.
        (d) Miscellaneous Motor Carrier Transportation Exemptions.--Section
    13506(a)(14) of title 49, United State Code, is amended by striking
    ``section 13904(d)'' and inserting ``section 13904(f)''.
        (e) Chapter 139 Analysis.--The analysis for chapter 139 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to
    section 13901 and inserting the following:

    ``13901. Requirements for registration.''.
        (f) Effective Periods of Registration.--Section 13905(d)(2)(B)(iii)
    of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``for
    failure''.
        (g) Security of Motor Carriers, Motor Private Carriers, Brokers,
    and Freight Forwarders.--Section 13906 of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1) by striking ``paragraph (3) of
            this subsection'' and inserting ``paragraph (4)'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(7)(C) by striking ``to provider'' and
            inserting ``to provide''; and
                (3) in subsection (c)(2)(A)(ii) by striking ``in the case''
            and inserting ``in a case in which''.
        (h) Unified Carrier Registration System Plan and Agreement.--
    Section 14504a of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b) by striking ``section 13903(b)'' and
            inserting ``section 13903(d)''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)(2) by striking ``which'' and
            inserting ``for which''.
        (i) State Participation.--Section 20105(a) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``The Secretary concerned'' and inserting
            ``A Secretary concerned'';
                (2) by striking ``issued by the Secretary that'' and
            inserting ``issued by such Secretary''; and
                (3) by striking ``submits to the Secretary concerned'' and
            inserting ``submits to such Secretary''.
        (j) Employee Protections.--Section 20109 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1)(A) by striking ``of title 5'' and
            inserting ``of title 5)'';
                (2) in subsection (d)(2)(A)(i) by striking ``(d)(1)'' and
            inserting ``subsection (d)(1)'';
                (3) in subsection (d)(2)(A)(iii) by striking ``in 42121.''
            and inserting ``in section 42121.''; and
                (4) in subsection (d)(4) by striking ``42121(b),'' and
            inserting ``42121(b)''.
        (k) Subtitle V Analysis.--The chapter analysis for subtitle V of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking the item relating to chapter 224 and
            inserting the following:

    ``224. Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing....  22401.'';
                (2) by striking the item relating to chapter 227 and
            inserting the following:

    ``227. State Rail Plans.....................................  22701.'';
                (3) by striking the item relating to chapter 242 and
            inserting the following:

    ``242. Project Delivery...................................24201.''; and
                (4) by striking the item relating to chapter 251 and
            inserting the following:

    ``251. Passenger Rail Planning..............................  25101.''.
        (l) Chapter 201 Analysis.--The analysis for chapter 201 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking the item relating to section 20106 and
            inserting the following:

    ``20106. Preemption.''; and
                (2) by striking the item relating to section 20165 and
            inserting the following:

    ``20165. Limitations on non-Federal alcohol and drug testing.''.
        (m) Enforcement Report.--Section 20120 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``Beginning'' and all
            that follows through ``an annual report that'' and inserting
            ``The Secretary of Transportation shall submit an annual report
            to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
            House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
            Science, and Transportation of the Senate that--'';
                (2) in subsection (a)(4) by striking ``provide the
            information'' and inserting ``provides the information''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) Public Availability.--The Secretary shall--
                ``(1) make the report required to be submitted under
            subsection (a) publicly available; and
                ``(2) publish such report on the website of the Department
            of Transportation not later than December 31 of each year.''.
        (n) Implementation of Positive Train Control Systems.--Section
    20157 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (k) by striking ``Act'' and inserting
            ``subsection''; and
                (2) in subsection (l) by striking ``subject to (a)(1)'' and
            inserting ``subject to subsection (a)(1)''.
        (o) Requirements for Railroad Freight Cars Placed Into Service in
    the United States.--Section 20171(c)(3)(B) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking ``Railroad's'' and inserting
    ``Railroads'''.
        (p) Nonapplication, Exemption, and Alternate Hours of Service
    Regime.--Section 21102(c)(4) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as subparagraphs (B)
    and (C), respectively.
        (q) Capital Grants for Class II and Class III Railroads.--Section
    22301(e)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking
    ``the subchapter'' and inserting ``subchapter''.
        (r) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 22406 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended in the section heading by striking
    ``appropriations.'' and inserting ``appropriations''.
        (s) Definitions.--Section 22701 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by striking ``In this subchapter'' and inserting ``In this
    chapter''.
        (t) Content.--Section 22705(a)(11) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by striking ``subchapter'' and inserting ``chapter''.
        (u) Chapter 229 Analysis.--The analysis for chapter 229 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to
    22902 and inserting the following:

    ``22902. Capital investment grants to support intercity passenger rail
                                service.''.
        (v) Capital Investment Grants to Support Intercity Passenger Rail
    Service.--Section 22902 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)(3)(A)(vii) by striking
            ``5302(a)(1)(G)'' and inserting ``5302(5)'';
                (2) in subsection (d) by striking ``22506'' and inserting
            ``22706'';
                (3) in subsection (e) by striking ``22504(a)(5)'' and
            inserting ``22705''; and
                (4) in subsection (k) by striking ``section 209(d) of that
            Act'' and inserting ``chapter 229''.
        (w) Chapter 243 Analysis.--The analysis for chapter 243 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to
    section 24316 and inserting the following:

    ``24316. Plans to address needs of families of passengers involved in
                                rail passenger accidents.''.
        (x) Status and Applicable Laws.--Section 24301(a)(1) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ``20102(2)'' and inserting
    ``20102''.
        (y) Chapter 247 Analysis.--The analysis for chapter 247 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in the item relating to section 24702 by adding a
            period at the end; and
                (2) by striking the item relating to section 24710 and
            inserting the following:

    ``24710. Long-distance routes.''.
        (z) State-supported Routes Operated by Amtrak.--Section
    24712(a)(7)(B)(i) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
    striking ``20901 note'' and inserting ``24101 note''.
        (aa) Northeast Corridor Commission; Safety Committee.--Section
    24905 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in the section heading by striking ``Commission; safety
            committee'' and inserting ``Commission''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)(1)(D) by striking ``subparagraph
            (B);'' and inserting ``subparagraph (B); and''.
        (bb) Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail.--
    Section 24911(e) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (3) by striking ``24904(a)'' and inserting
            ``24904(b)''; and
                (2) in paragraph (4) by striking ``24904(d)'' and inserting
            ``24904(a)(3)''.
        (cc) Definitions.--Section 26105(1) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended by striking ``contracts,,'' and inserting
    ``contracts,''.
        (dd) Rail Police Officers.--Section 28101(c)(1) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``police office'' and inserting
    ``police officer''.
        (ee) Chapter 285 Analysis.--The analysis for chapter 285 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to
    section 28501 and inserting the following:

    ``28501. Definitions.''.
        (ff) Subtitle VI Analysis.--The analysis for subtitle VI of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to
    chapter 311 and inserting the following:

    ``311. Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety......................  31100.''.
        (gg) Special Exemptions.--Section 30114(a) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``(a) Vehicles Used for Particular
    Purposes. The Secretary'' and inserting ``(a) Vehicles Used for
    Particular Purposes.--The Secretary''.
        (hh) Release of Motor Vehicles and Bonds.--Section 30146(d) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking
    ``mispresentation'' and inserting ``misrepresentation''.
        (ii) Inspections, Investigations, and Records.--Section 30166(e) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``distributor
    dealer,'' and inserting ``distributor, dealer,''.
        (jj) Criminal Penalties.--Section 30170 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in the section heading by striking ``Criminal
            Penalties'' and inserting ``Criminal penalties''; and
                (2) in subsection (a)(1) by striking ``section 1365(g)(3)''
            and inserting ``section 1365(h)(3)''.
        (kk) Powers and Duties.--Section 30182(b)(6) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``Department'' and inserting ``the
    Department''.
        (ll) Criminal Penalties.--Section 30307(a) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``section 30305(b)(6)'' and
    inserting ``section 30305(b)(11)''.
        (mm) Employee Protections.--Section 31105(c) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting
    ``subsection (b)(1)''.
        (nn) Property-carrying Unit Limitation.--Section 31112 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)(5) by striking ``relevant state'' and
            inserting ``relevant State''; and
                (2) by striking paragraph (4) of subsection (d).
        (oo) Definitions.--Paragraph (8) of section 31132 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
                ``(8) `State'--
                        ``(A) means a State of the United States and the
                    District of Columbia; and
                        ``(B) in sections 31136, 31141, and 31142, includes
                    a political subdivision of a State.''.
        (pp) Requirement for Registration and USDOT Number.--Section 31134
    of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b) by striking ``(2)(A) during'' and
            inserting ``(2) during''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)(1) by striking ``sections'' and
            inserting ``section''.
        (qq) Electronic Logging Devices and Brake Maintenance
    Regulations.--Section 31137(a)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by striking ``be equipped'' and inserting ``to be equipped''.
        (rr) Chapter 313 Analysis.--The analysis for chapter 313 of title
    49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to
    section 31306a and inserting the following:

    ``31306a. National clearinghouse for controlled substance and alcohol
                                test results of commercial motor vehicle
                                operators.''.
        (ss) Disqualifications.--Section 31310(d)(2) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``paragraph (9)'' and inserting ``paragraph
            (12)''; and
                (2) by striking ``7102(9)'' and inserting ``7102(12)''.
        (tt) Requirements for Qualifications, Hours of Service, Safety, and
    Equipment Standards.--Section 31502(e)(4) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``purposes of section''
            and all that follows through the period at the end and
            inserting ``purposes of section 229(a)(4) of the Motor Carrier
            Safety Improvement Act of 1999 (49 U.S.C. 31136 note).''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``under section
            345(e)(6)'' and all that follows through the period at the end
            and inserting ``under section 229(e)(6) of the Motor Carrier
            Safety Improvement Act of 1999 (49 U.S.C. 31136 note).''.
        (uu) Consumer Tire Information and Standards.--Section 32304A of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2)(D) by striking ``program
            including,'' and inserting ``program, including'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(2)(A) by striking ``this Act'' and
            inserting ``the FAST Act (Public Law 114-94)'';
                (3) in subsection (c)(2)(C) by striking ``this Act'' and
            inserting ``the FAST Act (Public Law 114-94)'' ; and
                (4) in subsection (d)(3)(A) by striking ``this Act'' and
            inserting ``the FAST Act (Public Law 114-94)''.
        (vv) Bumper Standards.--Section 32502(c)(3) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended by striking ``section 30013(b)'' and inserting
    ``section 30113(b)''.
        (ww) Credits.--Section 32903(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by striking ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``paragraph
    (1),''.
        (xx) Fuel Economy Information.--Section 32908(g)(3) of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by striking ``32905(h)'' and inserting
    ``32905(g)''.

            TITLE IX--SPORT FISHING AND RECREATIONAL BOATING SAFETY

    SEC. 9001. DIVISION OF ANNUAL APPROPRIATIONS.

        Section 4 of the Dingell-Johnson Sport Fish Restoration Act (16
    U.S.C. 777c) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``2026'' and inserting
            ``2031''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A) by striking ``2026'' and
                    inserting ``2031''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(A) by striking ``of fiscal
                    years 2022 through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal year
                    through 2031''.

    SEC. 9002. FUNDING FOR INTERSTATE FISHERIES COMMISSION ACTIVITIES.

        Section 14(e) of the Dingell-Johnson Sport Fish Restoration Act (16
    U.S.C. 777m(e)) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``Not more than $1,200,000 of each'' and
            inserting ``Each''; and
                (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``$200,000'' and
            inserting ``The greater amount of either 0.0375 percent of such
            appropriation or $200,000''.

    SEC. 9003. BOATING INFRASTRUCTURE PRIORITIES.

        (a) In General.--Section 8(g) of the Dingell-Johnson Sport Fish
    Restoration Act (16 U.S.C. 777g(g) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(g) Boating Infrastructure Grants.--
                ``(1) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to provide
            funds to States for the development and maintenance of
            facilities for transient nontrailerable recreational vessels.
                ``(2) Plan.--A State may develop and submit to the
            Secretary a plan for the construction, renovation, and
            maintenance of facilities for transient nontrailerable
            recreational vessels, and access to such facilities, to meet
            the needs of nontrailerable recreational vessels operating on
            navigable waters in the State.
                ``(3) Grants.--
                        ``(A) Matching grants.--The Secretary of the
                    Interior shall obligate amounts made available under
                    section 777c(a)(4) 1 of this title to make grants to
                    any State to pay not more than 75 percent of the cost
                    to a State of constructing, renovating, or maintaining
                    facilities for transient nontrailerable recreational
                    vessels.
                        ``(B) Priorities.--In awarding grants under
                    subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall give priority to
                    projects that--
                                ``(i) consist of the construction,
                            renovation, or maintenance of facilities for
                            transient nontrailerable recreational vessels
                            in accordance with a plan submitted by a State
                            under paragraph (2);
                                ``(ii) provide for public-private
                            partnership efforts to develop, maintain, and
                            operate facilities for transient nontrailerable
                            recreational vessels;
                                ``(iii) propose innovative ways to increase
                            the availability of facilities for transient
                            nontrailerable recreational vessels; and
                                ``(iv)(I) construct, renovate, or maintain
                            a strategic maritime fuels station; or
                                ``(II) transport strategic maritime fuels
                            to a strategic maritime fuels station for use
                            by transient nontrailerable recreational
                            vessels.
                ``(4) Definitions.--In this section:
                        ``(A) Nontrailerable recreational vessel.--The term
                    `nontrailerable recreational vessel' means a
                    recreational vessel 26 feet in length or longer--
                                ``(i) operated primarily for pleasure; or
                                ``(ii) leased, rented, or chartered to
                            another for the latter's pleasure.
                        ``(B) Facilities for transient nontrailerable
                    recreational vessels.--The term `facilities for
                    transient nontrailerable recreational vessels' includes
                    mooring buoys, day-docks, navigational aids, seasonal
                    slips, safe harbors, or similar structures located on
                    navigable waters, that are available to the general
                    public (as determined by the Secretary of the Interior)
                    and designed for temporary use by nontrailerable
                    recreational vessels.
                        ``(C) State.--The term `State' means each of the
                    several States of the United States, the District of
                    Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam,
                    American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the
                    Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
                        ``(D) Strategic maritime fuel station.--The term
                    `strategic maritime fuel station' means a facility that
                    has a bulk fuel storage tank to dispense drop-in
                    alternative marine fuels into marine vessels.
                        ``(E) Strategic maritime fuels.--The term
                    `strategic maritime fuels' means motor fuels derived
                    from cooking oil waste, animal fats, plant-based
                    materials or other production methods that meet the
                    requirements of a drop-in fuel for gasoline or diesel
                    marine engines.
                        ``(F) Drop-in fuels.--The term `drop-in fuels'
                    means finished gasoline with renewable content of at
                    least 12.5 percent by volume not exceeding 3.7 percent
                    oxygen by weight for use in marine applications meeting
                    ASTM D4814 specifications. Renewable diesel up to 100
                    percent by volume and biodiesel blends up to 5 percent
                    by volume meeting ASTM D975 paraffinic fuel
                    specifications.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 7404 of the Sportfishing and
    Boating Safety Act of 1998 (16 U.S.C. 777g-1) is repealed.

                   TITLE X--RAILROADS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

         Subtitle A--Authorization of Appropriations and Grant Reforms

    SEC. 10101. GRANTS TO AMTRAK.

        (a) Northeast Corridor.--There are authorized to be appropriated to
    the Secretary for grants to Amtrak for activities associated with the
    Northeast Corridor the following amounts:
                (1) For fiscal year 2027, $1,950,000,000.
                (2) For fiscal year 2028, $2,010,000,000.
                (3) For fiscal year 2029, $2,070,000,000.
                (4) For fiscal year 2030, $2,131,667,000.
                (5) For fiscal year 2031, $2,193,333,000.
        (b) National Network.--There are authorized to be appropriated to
    the Secretary for grants to Amtrak for activities associated with the
    National Network the following amounts:
                (1) For fiscal year 2027, $3,900,000,000.
                (2) For fiscal year 2028, $4,020,000,000.
                (3) For fiscal year 2029, $4,140,000,000.
                (4) For fiscal year 2030, $4,263,333,000.
                (5) For fiscal year 2031, $4,386,667,000.
        (c) Oversight.--The Secretary may withhold up to 1 percent from the
    amount appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to subsections (a)
    and (b) for the costs of oversight of Amtrak.
        (d) State-Supported Route Committee.--The Secretary may withhold up
    to $6,000,000 from the amount appropriated for each fiscal year
    pursuant to subsection (b) for use by the State-Supported Route
    Committee established under section 24712(a) of title 49, United States
    Code.
        (e) Northeast Corridor Commission.--The Secretary may withhold up
    to $8,000,000 from the amount appropriated for each fiscal year
    pursuant to subsection (a) for use by the Northeast Corridor Commission
    established under section 24905(a) of title 49, United States Code.
        (f) Accessibility Upgrades.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary shall withhold from the
            amount appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to
            subsections (a) and (b) $100,000,000 for grants to assist
            Amtrak with capital projects to improve the accessibility of
            the national rail passenger transportation system by increasing
            the number of existing Amtrak facilities for which Amtrak has
            the primary or shared responsibility for compliance with the
            Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et
            seq.) that are compliant with the requirements of such Act and
            to carry out the action plan required under section
            24315(b)(1)(D) of title 49, United States Code, until the
            Secretary determines Amtrak's existing facilities are in
            compliance with such requirements.
                (2) Savings provision.--Nothing in paragraph (1) may be
            construed to prevent Amtrak from using additional funds
            appropriated pursuant to this section to carry out the
            activities authorized under such paragraph.

    SEC. 10102. FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION.

        (a) Safety and Operations.--There are authorized to be appropriated
    to the Secretary for the operations of the Federal Railroad
    Administration and to carry out railroad safety activities the
    following amounts:
                (1) For fiscal year 2027, $292,780,000.
                (2) For fiscal year 2028, $300,520,000.
                (3) For fiscal year 2029, $308,460,000.
                (4) For fiscal year 2030, $316,620,000.
                (5) For fiscal year 2031, $325,000,000.
        (b) Railroad Research and Development.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated to the Secretary for the use of the Federal Railroad
    Administration for activities associated with railroad research and
    development the following amounts:
                (1) For fiscal year 2027, $48,270,000.
                (2) For fiscal year 2028, $49,570,000.
                (3) For fiscal year 2029, $50,910,000.
                (4) For fiscal year 2030, $52,290,000.
                (5) For fiscal year 2031, $53,700,000.
        (c) Transportation Technology Center.--The Secretary may withhold
    up to $3,000,000 from the amount appropriated for each fiscal year
    pursuant to subsection (b) for activities described under section
    20108(d) of title 49, United States Code.
        (d) Rail Research and Development Center of Excellence.--The
    Secretary may withhold up to 10 percent of the amount appropriated for
    each fiscal year under subsection (b) for grants authorized under
    section 20108(j) of title 49, United States Code.
        (e) Safety Culture Grants.--The Secretary may withhold up to
    $2,500,000 from the amount appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant
    to subsection (a) for grants authorized under section 20172 of title
    49, United States Code.

    SEC. 10103. COMPETITIVE GRANTS.

        (a) Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements
    Grants.--
                (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to
            the Secretary for grants under section 22907 of title 49,
            United States Code, the following amounts:
                        (A) For fiscal year 2027, $1,720,500,000.
                        (B) For fiscal year 2028, $1,770,500,000.
                        (C) For fiscal year 2029, $1,820,500,000.
                        (D) For fiscal year 2030, $1,870,600,000.
                        (E) For fiscal year 2031, $1,920,600,000.
                (2) Rail technology and asset pilot program.--Of the
            amounts authorized to be appropriated under paragraph (1), up
            to $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031
            shall be available to the Secretary to carry out the rail
            technology and asset pilot program described in section 10408.
                (3) Oversight.--The Secretary may withhold up to 2 percent
            of the amount appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to
            paragraph (1) for the costs of project management oversight of
            grants authorized under title 49, United States Code.
        (b) Railroad Crossing Safety Improvements and Elimination
    Program.--
                (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to
            the Secretary for grants under section 22909 of title 49,
            United States Code, the following amounts:
                        (A) For fiscal year 2027, $675,000,000.
                        (B) For fiscal year 2028, $700,000,000.
                        (C) For fiscal year 2029, $725,000,000.
                        (D) For fiscal year 2030, $750,000,000.
                        (E) For fiscal year 2031, $800,000,000.
                (2) Highway-rail grade crossing safety information and
            education program.--Of the amount appropriated under paragraph
            (1) in each fiscal year, 0.25 percent shall be used for
            contracts or grants to carry out a highway-rail grade crossing
            safety information and education program--
                        (A) to help prevent and reduce pedestrian, motor
                    vehicle, and other accidents, incidents, injuries, and
                    fatalities, including suicides; and
                        (B) to improve awareness for pedestrians and
                    motorists along railroad rights-of-way and at highway-
                    rail grade crossings.
                (3) Oversight.--The Secretary may withhold up to 2 percent
            from the amount appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to
            paragraph (1) for the costs of project management and oversight
            of grants authorized under title 49, United States Code.
        (c) National Intercity Passenger Railroad Partnership Program.--
                (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to
            the Secretary for grants under section 24911 of title 49,
            United States Code, the following amounts:
                        (A) For fiscal year 2027, $3,500,000,000.
                        (B) For fiscal year 2028, $3,600,000,000.
                        (C) For fiscal year 2029, $3,700,000,000.
                        (D) For fiscal year 2030, $3,800,000,000.
                        (E) For fiscal year 2031, $3,900,000,000.
                (2) Oversight.--The Secretary may withhold up to 2 percent
            of an amount appropriated under paragraph (1) for the costs of
            project management oversight of grants authorized under title
            49, United States Code.
                (3) Interstate rail compacts.--The Secretary may withhold
            up to $8,000,000 from the amount appropriated for each fiscal
            year pursuant to paragraph (1) for grants authorized under
            section 22910 of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 10104. CONSOLIDATED RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS.

        Section 22907 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (4) by inserting ``or a lessee of
                    a federally-owned transportation hub'' after
                    ``States'';
                        (B) in paragraph (12) by striking ``A University
                    transportation center'' and inserting ``An institution
                    of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the
                    Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001))''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(14) A State, county, municipal, local, or regional law
            enforcement agency.'';
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3) by inserting ``, including
                    projects that facilitate intercity passenger rail
                    ridership growth or improve the movement of freight by
                    reducing rail traffic congestion on shared rail lines
                    or at crossings and junctions'' before the period;
                        (B) in paragraph (7) by inserting ``and related
                    equipment, including locomotives'' before the period;
                        (C) in paragraph (12) by striking ``that the
                    Secretary considers necessary'' and all that follows
                    through the period and inserting the following: ``,
                    development, or testing that the Secretary considers
                    necessary to advance any particular aspect of rail-
                    related capital, operations, or safety improvements,
                    including wayside defect detection technology, rail car
                    and train movement monitoring technology, and advanced
                    systems, that enhance the safety and efficiency of
                    railroad operations and oversight.'';
                        (D) by striking paragraph (4); and
                        (E) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (16) as
                    paragraphs (4) through (15), respectively;
                (3) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``and''
                            at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking the
                            period and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) not consider a cost-benefit analysis as part
                    of the selection criteria under subparagraph (C) for
                    projects described in paragraphs (7), (9), (10), (11),
                    and (12) of subsection (c) for which a cost-benefit
                    analysis may not be necessary, as determined by the
                    Secretary, and may waive any requirement for an
                    application for such projects to include a cost-benefit
                    analysis.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as
                            subparagraph (G); and
                                (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (E)
                            the following:
                        ``(F) The extent to which the project increases
                    safety or improves the efficient movement of freight or
                    passengers.'';
                (4) in subsection (g)(2) by striking ``urbanized area, as
            defined by the Bureau of the Census'' and inserting ``urban
            area, as defined by the Bureau of the Census with a population
            of 50,000 or less'';
                (5) in subsection (h)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2) by inserting ``, except that
                    the Secretary may waive the non-Federal cost share
                    requirement for a project eligible under subsection
                    (c)(10)'' after ``80 percent''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) by striking ``subsection (c)(5)'' and
                            inserting ``subsection (c)(4)''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``subsection (c)(11)'' and
                            inserting ``subsection (c)(10)''; and
                (6) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(m) Quarterly Report.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall make available on
            the website of the Department of Transportation at the end of
            each quarter of each fiscal year a report that describes each
            eligible project for which a grant was provided under this
            section.
                ``(2) Requirements.--The report under paragraph (1) shall
            include, for each such grant--
                        ``(A) the name, awarded amount, and status of the
                    grant agreement from award announcement to obligation,
                    to outlay, to closeout;
                        ``(B) whether the applicant requested and received
                    pre-award reimbursement and for what amount;
                        ``(C) whether the project used a categorical
                    exclusion and which exclusion was used; and
                        ``(D) whether the process under section 306108 of
                    title 54 has been completed or is expected to be
                    completed.''.

    SEC. 10105. RAILROAD CROSSING SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS AND ELIMINATION
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 22909 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (7) by striking ``through (6)''
                    and inserting ``through (7)'';
                        (B) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph
                    (8); and
                        (C) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
                ``(7) A nonprofit organization that specializes in rail
            safety advocacy and education.'';
                (2) in subsection (f)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (F) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subparagraph (G) by striking the period and
                    inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(H) if applicable to the project, utilize
                    advanced technology and data to--
                                ``(i) augment the scope of the project to
                            increase safety; and
                                ``(ii) reduce overall costs of the
                            project.'';
                (3) in subsection (g) by striking ``Except as provided in
            paragraph (2), the'' and inserting ``The'';
                (4) in subsection (j)(2) by striking ``shall transfer'' and
            inserting ``may transfer''; and
                (5) in subsection (k) by striking ``urbanized area'' and
            inserting ``urban area''.

    SEC. 10106. NATIONAL INTERCITY PASSENGER RAILROAD PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 24911 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) by striking the heading and inserting ``National
            intercity passenger railroad partnership program'';
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (H) by striking
                            ``through (G)'' and inserting ``through (H)'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (F) by inserting ``or
                            a lessee of a federally-owned transportation
                            hub'' after ``States'';
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (G)
                            and (H) as subparagraphs (H) and (I),
                            respectively; and
                                (iv) by inserting after subparagraph (F)
                            the following:
                        ``(G) a rail carrier other than Amtrak that
                    provides intercity rail passenger transportation;'';
                    and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Operating assistance.--The term `operating
            assistance', with respect to any route subject to section 209
            of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008
            (Public Law 110-432), means any cost allocated, or that may be
            allocated, to a route pursuant to the cost methodology
            established under such section or under section 24712.'';
                (3) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking ``involved;.'' and inserting
                    ``involved; and'';
                        (B) by striking ``competitive basis, to fund'' and
                    inserting the following: ``competitive basis, to--
                ``(1) fund''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) provide operating assistance under subsection (e) to
            eligible entities for the purpose of restoring, enhancing, or
            initiating intercity rail passenger transportation.'';
                (4) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in the heading by striking ``Eligible'' and
                    inserting ``Capital'';
                        (B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
                    striking ``under this section'' and inserting
                    ``pursuant to subsection (b)(1)''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) By an interstate rail compact, the procurement of
            rolling stock equipment for use in a multistate equipment pool,
            as well as costs related to the leasing, lease-to-own,
            maintenance, and storage of such equipment to create an
            equipment pool.
                ``(7) The lease of equipment from a multistate equipment
            pool administered by an interstate rail compact, including
            leasing with an intent to own.'';
                (5) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in the heading by inserting ``Capital'' before
                    ``Project'';
                        (B) by striking ``under this section'' and
                    inserting ``under subsection (b)(1)'' each place it
                    appears;
                        (C) in paragraph (1)(A) by striking ``subsection
                    (e)(1)'' and inserting ``subsection (f)(1)'';
                        (D) in paragraph (1)(B)(ii) by striking ``before
                    the commencement of the project;'' and inserting ``and,
                    if applicable, demonstrates such project is supported
                    by an acceptable degree of non-Federal financial
                    commitment before the commencement of the project;'';
                        (E) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) in clause (ii) by striking ``an
                                    Amtrak route'' and inserting ``an
                                    intercity passenger rail route''; and
                                        (II) by striking clause (iii) and
                                    inserting the following:
                                ``(iii) for which an applicant demonstrates
                            such project is partially supported by non-
                            Federal financial commitment; and''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) in clause (i)(II) by inserting
                                    ``projected operating revenue, that may
                                    include ticket prices'' after ``trip or
                                    transit time,'';
                                        (II) in clause (ii) by inserting
                                    ``, which shall include estimates of
                                    ridership, fare collection, and travel
                                    demand,'' after ``business plan''; and
                                        (III) in clause (vii) by striking
                                    the ``and'' at the end;
                        (F) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph
                    (4); and
                        (G) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
                ``(3) in determining whether a project is supported by an
            acceptable degree of non-Federal financial commitment for
            purposes of paragraph (1) and (2), the Secretary shall
            consider--
                        ``(A) the credibility of forecasting methods used
                    to estimate costs and utilization made by an applicant
                    described in subsection (a)(1);
                        ``(B) existing grant commitments;
                        ``(C) the degree to which financing sources are
                    dedicated to the purposes proposed; and
                        ``(D) the extent to which the project has financial
                    commitment that exceeds the required non-Federal share
                    of the cost of the project; and'';
                (6) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) by striking ``this section'' each place it
                    appears and inserting ``subsection (b)(1)'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``, except as
                    specified under paragraph (4)'';
                        (C) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as
                    subparagraph (A) through (C), respectively;
                        (D) by inserting before subparagraph (A), as so
                    redesignated, the following:
                ``(1) Capital projects.--The following shall apply to
            capital projects described in subsection (b)(1):''; and
                        (E) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Operating assistance.--
                        ``(A) Restoring or initiating service.--Grants
                    described in subsection (e) for projects for restoring
                    or initiating intercity passenger rail service may not
                    exceed--
                                ``(i) 70 percent of the projected net
                            operating costs for the first year of service;
                                ``(ii) 60 percent of the projected net
                            operating costs for the second year of service;
                                ``(iii) 50 percent of the projected net
                            operating costs for the third year of service;
                                ``(iv) 40 percent of the projected net
                            operating costs for the fourth year of service;
                            and
                                ``(v) 30 percent of the projected net
                            operating costs for the fifth year of service.
                        ``(B) Enhancing service.--Grants described in
                    subsection (e) for projects for enhancing intercity
                    passenger rail service may not exceed--
                                ``(i) 60 percent of the projected net
                            operating costs for the first year of service;
                                ``(ii) 50 percent of the projected net
                            operating costs for the second year of service;
                                ``(iii) 40 percent of the projected net
                            operating costs for the third year of service;
                                ``(iv) 30 percent of the projected net
                            operating costs for the fourth year of service;
                            and
                                ``(v) 20 percent of the projected net
                            operating costs for the fifth year of
                            service.'';
                (7) in subsection (g) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) Applicability.--This subsection shall not apply to
            projects described under subsection (e).'';
                (8) in subsection (k)--
                        (A) by striking ``The Secretary may withhold up
                    to'' and inserting the following:
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall withhold'';
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as
                    subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Applicability.--This subsection shall not apply to
            funds appropriated on or after October 1, 2031.'';
                (9) by redesignating subsections (h) through (k) as
            subsections (j) through (m), respectively;
                (10) by redesignating subsections (e) through (g) as
            subsections (f) through (h), respectively;
                (11) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
        ``(e) Operating Assistance.--
                ``(1) Application.--An applicant for a grant under this
            subsection shall submit to the Secretary--
                        ``(A) a capital and mobilization plan that--
                                ``(i) describes any capital investments,
                            service planning actions (including
                            environmental reviews), and mobilization
                            actions (including qualification of train
                            crews) required for initiation, enhancement, or
                            restoration of intercity rail passenger
                            transportation; and
                                ``(ii) includes the timeline for
                            undertaking and completing each of the
                            investments and actions referred to in clause
                            (i);
                        ``(B) an operating plan that describes the planned
                    operation of the service, including--
                                ``(i) the identity and qualifications of
                            the train operator;
                                ``(ii) the identity and qualifications of
                            any other service providers;
                                ``(iii) service frequency;
                                ``(iv) the planned routes and schedules;
                                ``(v) the station facilities that are or
                            will be used;
                                ``(vi) projected ridership, revenues, and
                            costs;
                                ``(vii) projected operating revenue, which
                            may include ticket prices;
                                ``(viii) descriptions of how the
                            projections under clauses (vi) and (vii) were
                            developed;
                                ``(ix) the equipment that is or will be
                            used, how such equipment will be acquired or
                            refurbished (if needed to operate new,
                            enhanced, or restored service), and where such
                            equipment is or will be maintained; and
                                ``(x) a plan for ensuring safe operations
                            and compliance with applicable safety
                            regulations;
                        ``(C) a funding plan that--
                                ``(i) describes the funding of initial
                            capital costs and operating costs for the first
                            5 years of operation;
                                ``(ii) includes a commitment by the
                            applicant to provide the funding described in
                            clause (i) to the extent not covered by Federal
                            financial assistance; and
                                ``(iii) describes the funding of operating
                            costs and capital costs, to the extent
                            necessary, after the first 5 years of
                            operation; and
                        ``(D) a description of the status of negotiations
                    and agreements with--
                                ``(i) each of the railroads or regional
                            transportation authorities whose tracks or
                            facilities are or would be used by the service;
                                ``(ii) the anticipated railroad carrier, if
                            such carrier is not part of the applicant
                            group; and
                                ``(iii) any other service providers or
                            entities expected to provide services or
                            facilities that are or will be used by the
                            service, including any required access to
                            Amtrak systems, stations, and facilities if
                            Amtrak is not part of the applicant group.
                ``(2) Prioritization.--In awarding grants under this
            subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to applications--
                        ``(A) for which planning, design, any environmental
                    reviews, negotiation of agreements, acquisition of
                    equipment, construction, and other actions necessary
                    for initiation of service have been completed or nearly
                    completed;
                        ``(B) that include funding (including funding from
                    railroads), or other significant participation by
                    State, local, and regional governmental and private
                    entities;
                        ``(C) that include a funding plan that demonstrates
                    the intercity rail passenger service will be
                    financially sustainable beyond the grant period;
                        ``(D) that would restore service over routes in an
                    area affected by an emergency (as defined in section
                    5320);
                        ``(E) that would enhance connectivity and
                    geographic coverage of the existing national network of
                    intercity passenger rail service; and
                        ``(F) for routes selected under the Corridor
                    Identification and Development Program.
                ``(3) Limitations.--
                        ``(A) Duration.--Federal operating grants
                    authorized under this subsection for any individual
                    intercity rail passenger transportation route may not
                    provide funding for more than 5 years and may not be
                    renewed.
                        ``(B) Eligibility.--The Secretary may not renew
                    operating assistance under this subsection for any
                    project substantially similar to a project that
                    received financial assistance under section 22908, as
                    in effect on the day before the date of enactment of
                    the BUILD America 250 Act.
                ``(4) Use with capital grants and other federal funding.--A
            recipient of an operating assistance grant under this
            subsection may use such grant in combination with other Federal
            grants awarded that would benefit the applicable service.
                ``(5) Coordination with amtrak.--If the Secretary awards a
            grant under this subsection to a rail carrier other than
            Amtrak, consistent with section 24711(c)(1), the Secretary
            may--
                        ``(A) require Amtrak to provide access to the
                    Amtrak-owned reservation system, stations, and
                    facilities that are directly related to operations to
                    such carrier, to the extent necessary to carry out the
                    purposes of this subsection; and
                        ``(B) award an appropriate portion of the grant to
                    Amtrak as compensation for such access.
                ``(6) Conditions.--
                        ``(A) Grant agreement.--The Secretary shall require
                    a grant recipient under this subsection to enter into a
                    grant agreement that requires such recipient to provide
                    information regarding the route performance, financial,
                    and ridership projections, and capital and business
                    plans that Amtrak is required to provide, and such
                    other data and information as the Secretary considers
                    necessary.
                        ``(B) Termination.--The Secretary may terminate any
                    grant agreement upon--
                                ``(i) the cessation of the applicable
                            service; or
                                ``(ii) the violation of terms of the grant
                            agreement.
                        ``(C) Grant conditions.--
                                ``(i) Application.--The Secretary shall
                            require each recipient of a grant under this
                            subsection to comply with the grant
                            requirements of section 22905.
                                ``(ii) Exemption.--The grant requirements
                            of section 22903 shall not apply to grants
                            awarded under this subsection.''; and
                (12) by inserting after subsection (h), as so redesignated,
            the following:
        ``(i) Limitation on Operating Assistance.--The Secretary may
    withhold up to 5 percent of funds appropriated pursuant to this section
    in each fiscal year to carry out subsection (e).''.
        (b) Conforming Repeal of Restoration and Enhancement Grants.--
                (1) In general.--Section 22908 of title 49, United States
            Code, is repealed.
                (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 229 of
            title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item
            related to section 22908.
        (c) Treatment of Prior Awards for Restoration and Enhancement
    Grants.--The Secretary shall treat grants awarded before the date of
    enactment of this Act under section 22908 of title 49, United States
    Code, under the requirements of such section as in effect on the day
    before the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 10107. CORRIDOR IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 25101 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``Not later than 180 days after the
                    date of enactment of the Passenger Rail Expansion and
                    Rail Safety Act of 2021, the'' and inserting ``The'';
                        (B) in paragraph (4) by striking ``section 22210''
                    and inserting ``section 22910'';
                        (C) in paragraph (6) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (D) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph
                    (8); and
                        (E) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
                ``(7) a process for preparing service development plans in
            accordance with subsection (d), while allowing for eligible
            entities described in subsection (b) to concurrently undertake
            project development work, including preliminary engineering and
            environmental activities, if the Secretary determines such
            eligible entity has the capability, authority, and experience
            to concurrently prepare such plan and undertake such work and
            has secured the required non-Federal funding to undertake such
            work; and'';
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by inserting ``projected
                    operating revenue, which may include ticket prices,''
                    after ``operating speeds,'';
                        (B) in paragraph (8)(E) by inserting
                    ``maintenance'' before ``costs'';
                        (C) in paragraph (11)--
                                (i) by striking ``benefits'' and inserting
                            ``impacts''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                        (D) in paragraph (12) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting a semicolon; and
                        (E) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(13) a description of the methodologies, assumptions, and
            factors used to determine each projection identified under
            paragraph (8), including a description of how market, economic,
            and other factors may affect each such projection and, if
            applicable, alternative projections;
                ``(14) a financial contingency plan to account for
            unforeseen project cost increases or delays;
                ``(15) if applicable, a description of other proposed modal
            alternatives to the proposed corridor, including a no-build
            alternative;
                ``(16) if applicable, the effect of corridor service on
            freight rail, including, if necessary, a description of capital
            investments necessary to avoid conflicts with the movement of
            freight by rail; and
                ``(17) an analysis of the amounts and identified source of
            non-Federal financial support for operations and
            maintenance.'';
                (3) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading by inserting ``and
                    Review'' after ``Consultation'';
                        (B) in paragraph (4) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in paragraph (5) by striking the period and
                    inserting ``; and'';
                        (D) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (4),
                    and (5) as subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), and (F),
                    respectively;
                        (E) by inserting after subparagraph (D) (as so
                    redesignated) the following:
                        ``(E) entities implementing interstate rail
                    compacts; and'';
                        (F) by striking ``shall consult with--'' and
                    inserting the following: ``shall--
                ``(1) consult with--''; and
                        (G) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) review the methodologies, assumptions, and factors
            used by an eligible entity in development of the financial plan
            required under subsection (d)(8) and--
                        ``(A) concur with such financial plan;
                        ``(B) if the Secretary determines that the
                    projections and analysis included in such financial
                    plan are partially supported by the analysis required
                    in this section, grant conditional concurrence with the
                    plan if--
                                ``(i) such eligible entity agrees to update
                            such financial plan, as determined by the
                            Secretary in coordination with the eligible
                            entity; or
                                ``(ii) the Secretary determines the
                            alternative projections provided pursuant to
                            subsection (d)(13) are sufficient; or
                        ``(C) if the Secretary determines the description
                    or alternative projections required under subsection
                    (d)(13) are not supported by the analysis required in
                    this section, allow such eligible entity to solicit a
                    third-party review by a qualified entity with
                    experience in estimating such projections and
                    incorporate the projections from such review into such
                    financial plan, and the Secretary may reimburse such
                    eligible entity for any expenses incurred from such
                    review using funds provided to carry out this
                    section.''; and
                (4) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading by striking ``Project
                    Pipeline'' and inserting ``Reports'';
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (7) as
                    clauses (i) through (vii), respectively;
                        (C) by striking ``Not later than 1 year'' and
                    inserting the following:
                ``(1) Project pipeline report.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Consideration.--In specifying the order in
                    which the Secretary would provide Federal financial
                    assistance under subparagraph (A)(iii), the Secretary
                    shall take into consideration the degree to which each
                    eligible entity demonstrates that a project is
                    supported by an acceptable degree of non-Federal
                    financial commitment.
                        ``(C) Financial commitment.--In determining whether
                    a project is supported by an acceptable degree of non-
                    Federal financial commitment for purposes of
                    subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall consider--
                                ``(i) the credibility of forecasting
                            methods used to estimate costs and utilization
                            made by an eligible entity described in
                            subsection (b);
                                ``(ii) existing grant commitments;
                                ``(iii) the degree to which financing
                            sources are dedicated to the purposes proposed;
                            and
                                ``(iv) the extent to which the project has
                            financial commitment that exceeds the required
                            non-Federal share of the cost of the project.
                ``(2) Project progress report.--Not later than 1 year after
            the date of enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, and
            quarterly thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the
            Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives, the Committee on Appropriations of the House
            of Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate, and the Committee on
            Appropriations of the Senate a report that includes--
                        ``(A) a list of funds obligated to date for each
                    corridor and corridor sponsor;
                        ``(B) a description of the service development plan
                    for each project, including a summary of the cities to
                    be served, future anticipated Federal financial and
                    funding needs, and whether the service development plan
                    has been completed or updated and the reason for such
                    update;
                        ``(C) an estimated timeline for each corridor to
                    successfully move through the steps of the program; and
                        ``(D) other issues identified by the Secretary
                    important to the development of the proposed corridor
                    and the rail transportation system.''.
        (b) Limitation on Future Corridors.--The Secretary may not select a
    proposal for the development of an intercity passenger rail corridor
    pursuant to section 25101(a) of title 49, United States Code, on or
    after October 1, 2031.
        (c) Incorporation of Updated Requirements.--The Secretary shall
    require eligible entities described in section 25101(b) of title 49,
    United States Code, that have not received a commitment of non-Federal
    matching funds for a corridor selected prior to the date of enactment
    of this Act to incorporate into a service development plan any
    additional requirements listed under section 25101(d) of such title, as
    added by subsection (a).

    SEC. 10108. EMERGENCY RELIEF.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 229 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end of the following:
    ``Sec. 22911. Emergency relief
        ``(a) General Authority.--The Secretary of Transportation, in
    consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Railroad
    Administration, may make grants and enter into contracts and other
    agreements with an eligible entity for an eligible operating expense or
    a capital project to replace, rehabilitate, or repair rail
    infrastructure, equipment, or facilities if the Secretary determines
    such infrastructure, equipment, or facilities are in a danger of
    suffering catastrophic damage, or have suffered catastrophic damage, as
    a result of an emergency.
        ``(b) Eligible Entities.--The following entities are eligible to
    receive financial assistance under this section:
                ``(1) A State (as such term is defined in section 22701).
                ``(2) A public agency.
                ``(3) A publicly chartered authority established by 1 or
            more States.
                ``(4) A political subdivision of a State.
                ``(5) A Class II railroad or Class III railroad (as such
            terms are defined in section 20102) or a holding company of
            such railroad.
                ``(6) An intercity passenger railroad.
        ``(c) Terms.--In making grants under subsection (a), the Secretary
    may make grants on a reimbursable basis or advance funding basis.
        ``(d) Coordination of Emergency Funds.--
                ``(1) Use of funds.--Funds appropriated to carry out this
            section shall be in addition to any other funds available under
            this chapter.
                ``(2) No effect on other government activity.--The
            provision of funds under this section shall not affect the
            ability of any other agency of the Government, a State agency,
            a local governmental entity or organization, or person to
            provide any other funds otherwise authorized by law, except
            that no person, business concern, or other entity shall receive
            assistance with respect to any part of a loss as to which such
            person, business concern, or other entity has received
            financial assistance under any other program or from insurance
            or any other source.
                ``(3) Notification.--The Secretary shall notify the
            Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the
            purpose and amount of any grant made or contract or other
            agreement entered into under this section.
        ``(e) Grant Requirements.--
                ``(1) In general.--A grant awarded under this section that
            is made to address an emergency shall be
                        ``(A) subject to the terms and conditions the
                    Secretary determines are necessary; and
                        ``(B) made only for expenses that are not
                    reimbursed under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief
                    and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.).
                ``(2) Oversight funds.--The Secretary may retain up to one-
            half of 1 percent of the funds appropriated under this section
            to fund the costs of project management oversight by the
            Secretary.
        ``(f) Government Share of Costs.--
                ``(1) Capital projects.--A grant, contract, or other
            agreement for a capital project under this section shall be for
            not more than 80 percent of the project cost, as determined by
            the Secretary.
                ``(2) Non-federal share.--The non-Federal share of the
            project cost shall be provided in cash, equipment, or supplies.
                ``(3) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive, in whole or part,
            the non-Federal share under this subsection.
        ``(g) Limitation.--
                ``(1) In general.--Project costs under this section shall
            be limited to the scope of damage caused by the respective
            emergency.
                ``(2) Determination.--In the case of a project that
            included damage preexisting the respective emergency, the
            Secretary shall make a determination on the amount or
            percentage of the damage preexisting such emergency.
                ``(3) Eligibility.--The Secretary may not provide financial
            assistance under this section to any entity described in
            paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (b) for emergencies
            described under subsection (i)(1)(B)
        ``(h) Insurance.--
                ``(1) Requirements.--As a condition of receiving assistance
            under this section, an applicant shall--
                        ``(A) submit to the Secretary documentation
                    demonstrating proof of insurance required under Federal
                    law for all structures related to the grant
                    application;
                        ``(B) certify to the Secretary that the applicant
                    has insurance required under State law for all
                    structures related to the grant application; and
                        ``(C) maintain any insurance required under Federal
                    law, including hazard insurance, flood insurance, or
                    other coverage as applicable.
                ``(2) Compliance.--A recipient that fails to maintain
            insurance after receiving assistance under this section shall
            be ineligible to receive any assistance under this program for
            any future emergency, with respect to the structure or facility
            for which such insurance is required, until the Secretary
            determines that the recipient has come into compliance.
        ``(i) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Emergency.--The term `emergency' means a natural
            catastrophe affecting a wide area, including any hurricane,
            tornado, storm, high water, winddriven water, tidal wave,
            tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, or wildfire,
            or a catastrophic failure from any external cause, as a result
            of which--
                        ``(A) the Governor of a State has declared an
                    emergency and the Secretary has concurred; or
                        ``(B) the President has declared a major disaster
                    under section 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster
                    Relief Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170).
                ``(2) Eligible capital project.--The term `eligible capital
            project' means a project to bring rail infrastructure,
            equipment, or facilities used for providing rail service into a
            state of good repair.
                ``(3) Eligible operating expense.--The term `eligible
            operating expense' means an operating expense related to any
            evacuation carried out immediately prior to or following an
            emergency.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 229 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to
    section 22910 the following:

    ``22911. Emergency relief.''.

    SEC. 10109. AMTRAK OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL.

        There are authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Inspector
    General of Amtrak, the following amounts:
                (1) For fiscal year 2027, $31,000,000.
                (2) For fiscal year 2028, $31,500,000.
                (3) For fiscal year 2029, $32,000,000.
                (4) For fiscal year 2030, $32,500,000.
                (5) For fiscal year 2031, $33,000,000.

                           Subtitle B--Amtrak Reforms

    SEC. 10201. AMTRAK ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE.

        (a) Findings.--Section 24101(a) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by inserting ``competitive with other modes of
                    transportation'' after ``transportation''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``connecting urban and rural
                    communities'' before the period at the end; and
                (2) in paragraph (4) by inserting ``and achieve a level of
            performance comparative to other passenger modes and that
            promotes operational efficiency'' before the period at the end.
        (b) Goals.--Section 24101(c) of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``maximize the benefits of Federal
                    investments'' and inserting ``to maximize services and
                    benefits to the communities Amtrak serves that is
                    competitive with other passenger modes and ensuring
                    Amtrak's long-term performance'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (D) by adding ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end; and
                        (D) by striking subparagraph (F); and
                (2) in paragraph (13) by striking ``established long-
            distance routes'' and inserting ``a robust Northeast Corridor
            and National Network, including long-distance and State-
            supported routes,''.
        (c) Financial Performance.--Section 24101(d) of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
                (1) in the heading by striking ``Increasing Revenues'' and
            inserting ``Financial Performance''; and
                (2) by inserting ``practices that promote Amtrak's long-
            term financial performance'' after ``judgment''.

    SEC. 10202. AMTRAK TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR PASSENGERS AND
                  TAXPAYERS.

        Section 24301 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1) by striking ``section 20102(2)''
            and inserting ``section 20102''; and
                (2) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
        ``(e) Application of Certain Additional Laws.--
                ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and
            (3)--
                        ``(A) sections 552 and 552b of title 5 apply to the
                    Amtrak Board of Directors for any fiscal year in which
                    Amtrak receives a Federal grant; and
                        ``(B) to the extent consistent with this part, the
                    District of Columbia Business Corporation Act (D.C.
                    Code Sec. 29-301 et seq.) applies to Amtrak.
                ``(2) Scope of application.--
                        ``(A) Exclusions.--The second sentence of section
                    552b(b) of title 5 shall not apply to any portion of an
                    Amtrak Board of Directors meeting, and subsections (d)
                    and (e) of section 552b of title 5 shall not apply to
                    any information pertaining to any portion of an Amtrak
                    Board of Directors meeting otherwise required by
                    section 552b of title 5 to be disclosed to the public,
                    if such Board of Directors properly determines that
                    such portion, or the disclosure of such information, is
                    likely to involve--
                                ``(i) contract negotiations, including
                            negotiations for procurements and agreements
                            that may result in a contract, the disclosure
                            of which would imperil or compromise the
                            competitive position of Amtrak;
                                ``(ii) a collective bargaining agreement,
                            or any terms and conditions that are proposed
                            for inclusion in a collective bargaining
                            agreement, including the negotiation with
                            employees, or representatives of employees, of
                            Amtrak of such terms and conditions;
                                ``(iii) with respect to any individual who
                            is an officer, employee, or contractor employed
                            or appointed by Amtrak, or who is a prospective
                            officer, employee, or contractor, a matter
                            involving the employment, appointment,
                            termination of employment, terms and conditions
                            of employment, evaluation of the performance
                            of, promotion or disciplining of any such
                            individual, unless all such individuals whose
                            rights could be adversely affected in such
                            matter request in writing that the matter be
                            discussed at a public meeting; or
                                ``(iv) confidential commercial information.
                        ``(B) Application of other exclusions.--Section
                    552b(c) of title 5 shall apply to Amtrak meetings.
                ``(3) Exception.--In carrying out this subsection, Amtrak--
                        ``(A) may not disclose information that could put
                    the safety of Amtrak customers or employees at risk;
                    and
                        ``(B) shall take any actions necessary to--
                                ``(i) comply with law;
                                ``(ii) honor existing contracts or legally
                            binding agreements; and
                                ``(iii) carry out normal business
                            activities consistent with the statutory
                            mission and goals of Amtrak.''.

    SEC. 10203. IMPLEMENTING AMTRAK OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
                  RECOMMENDATIONS TO ADDRESS INFRASTRUCTURE BACKLOG.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, Amtrak shall implement the recommendations described in
    the report of the inspector general of Amtrak titled ``Asset
    Management: Better Governance and Data Would Improve Company Efforts to
    Achieve a State of Good Repair'', published on April 10, 2026.
        (b) Inspector General Evaluation.--Not later than 3 years after the
    date of enactment of this Act, the inspector general of Amtrak shall
    evaluate the extent to which Amtrak has complied with the
    recommendations under subsection (a).

    SEC. 10204. AMTRAK EXECUTIVE BONUS DISCLOSURE.

        Section 24315(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``Congress'' and inserting ``the Committee
            on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate, and make publicly available on a
            website of Amtrak,''; and
                (2) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
                ``(2) provides the annual base pay and any bonus
            compensation paid to each member of the executive leadership
            team (including the chief executive officer, president, and
            each officer) of Amtrak, including the criteria and metrics
            used to determine any such bonus compensation;''.

    SEC. 10205. AMTRAK AND INTERCITY PASSENGER RAIL WORKFORCE ASSAULT
                  PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANS.

        (a) Practices and Voluntary Standards.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall publish best
            practices and voluntary standards for the response to assault
            and harassment incidents during the operation of a passenger
            rail service.
                (2) Consultation.--In developing best practices and
            voluntary standards under paragraph (1), the Secretary may
            consult with the following organizations to inform such
            practices and standards:
                        (A) The Amtrak Police Department.
                        (B) Other rail police or security personnel.
                        (C) State and local law enforcement.
                        (D) State and local prosecutors.
                        (E) Labor organizations representing on-board and
                    in station train crew personnel.
                        (F) Passenger rail operators.
                (3) Contents.--In developing the best practices and
            voluntary standards under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall
            address the following issues:
                        (A) Proper incident documentation and reporting
                    techniques.
                        (B) Recommended de-escalation trainings for crew
                    and law enforcement.
                        (C) Coordination between passenger rail operators
                    and law enforcement.
                        (D) Responding to incidents of assault or
                    harassment, including the removal of disruptive
                    passengers.
                        (E) Strategies for preventing incidents of assault
                    or harassment.
        (b) Submission of Response Plans.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, each passenger rail transportation
            operator shall submit to the Secretary a plan to prevent and
            respond to incidents of assault and harassment.
                (2) Contents.--The plan under paragraph (1) shall include
            the following:
                        (A) The operator's policy on assault or harassment
                    incidents.
                        (B) The operator's plan to provide notice to
                    employees on how to report incidents with passengers to
                    the operator, rail law enforcement, and local law
                    enforcement.
                        (C) The operator's plan to provide notice to
                    employees on how to remove a passenger or personnel
                    from the train or related area or facility who has
                    committed a transportation assault as soon as
                    practicable when appropriate.
                        (D) The operator's plan to provide notice to
                    passengers on how to report an assault or harassment
                    incident.
                        (E) The operator's plan to provide training to
                    employees on how to respond and report assault or
                    harassment incidents.
                        (F) The operator's plan to limit or prohibit, to
                    the extent practicable, future travel of an individual
                    who interferes with passenger rail personnel and safety
                    on the operator's services.
                        (G) The operator's plan to ensure an employee who
                    is a victim or witness of a transportation assault may
                    participate in the prosecution of a criminal offense of
                    such assault without any adverse effect on the victim's
                    or witnesses' employment status.
                        (H) A process and timeline for conducting an annual
                    review and update of the plan.
        (c) Passenger Information.--A passenger rail transportation
    operator shall display on the website of such operator and through the
    use of appropriate signage a written statement that informs passengers
    and personnel of the procedure for reporting an assault or harassment
    incident.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Passenger rail transportation.--The term ``passenger
            rail transportation'' has the meaning given the terms
            ``intercity passenger rail transportation'' and ``commuter rail
            passenger transportation'' in section 24102 of title 49, United
            States Code.
                (2) Interference with passenger rail personnel and
            safety.--The term ``interference with passenger rail personnel
            and safety'' means--
                        (A) the physical or sexual assault of--
                                (i) any individual on a passenger train;
                                (ii) any individual in a passenger rail
                            station; or
                                (iii) any member of a train crew, station
                            staff, or rail police or security;
                        (B) threatening to physically or sexually assault
                    any individual described in subparagraphs (A) through
                    (C) of paragraph (1); and
                        (C) any action that poses an imminent threat to the
                    safety of intercity passenger rail transportation,
                    including the safety of any individual described in
                    subparagraphs (A) through (C) of paragraph (1).

    SEC. 10206. BABY CHANGING TABLE REQUIREMENTS ON AMTRAK TRAINS.

        (a) In General.--Chapter 243 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by inserting after section 24313 the following:
    ``Sec. 24314. Baby changing tables
        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) ADA-compliant restroom.--With respect to intercity
            rail transportation, the term `ADA-compliant restroom' means a
            restroom that meets the requirements of section 242(a) of the
            Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12162(a)).
                ``(2) Baby changing table.--The term `baby changing table'
            means an elevated, freestanding structure generally designed to
            safely support and retain a child with a body weight of up to
            50 pounds in a horizontal position for the purpose of allowing
            an individual to change a diaper, including pull-out or drop-
            down changing surfaces.
                ``(3) Covered passenger rail train.--The term `covered
            passenger rail train'--
                        ``(A) means a passenger rail train, owned and
                    operated by Amtrak, that Amtrak purchased after the
                    date of enactment of this section; and
                        ``(B) does not include any passenger rail train
                    that Amtrak operates, but does not own.
        ``(b) Baby Changing Table Requirement.--Each covered passenger rail
    train shall have a baby changing table in at least one restroom in each
    car, including in an ADA-compliant restroom.
        ``(c) Signage.--Each restroom described in subsection (b) shall
    clearly indicate the presence and location of a baby changing table
    with signage.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 243 of title 49,
    United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to
    section 24313 the following:

    ``24314. Baby changing tables.''.

    SEC. 10207. REPORT ON AMTRAK LONG-DISTANCE EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE COSTS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, Amtrak shall submit to the Secretary, the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report on the anticipated costs of
    maintaining, rehabilitating, refurbishing, and replacing the existing
    long-distance equipment of Amtrak to maintain the passenger capacity of
    its long-distance service.
        (b) Content.--In the report submitted under subsection (a), Amtrak
    shall include the following:
                (1) A current inventory of long-distance equipment,
            including trainsets, baggage cars, dining cars, sleeper cars,
            and nonsleeper passenger cars.
                (2) A determination of the minimum amount of equipment
            necessary to maintain the passenger capacity of the long-
            distance service of Amtrak.
                (3) The anticipated cost of maintaining and refurbishing
            the amount of equipment determined necessary under paragraph
            (2) to keep such equipment in working order through fiscal year
            2033.
                (4) A description of--
                        (A) specific challenges that Amtrak may experience
                    in maintaining the passenger capacity of the long-
                    distance service of Amtrak, including challenges
                    related to--
                                (i) the availability of maintenance
                            facilities and qualified rehabilitation and
                            repair personnel;
                                (ii) the availability of parts and
                            materials for legacy equipment; and
                                (iii) other factors that may impede the
                            maintaining of present levels of service and
                            passenger capacity; and
                        (B) actions to address the challenges described in
                    subparagraph (A).
                (5) The potential for and effects of delays in the
            acquisition of new replacement equipment if such equipment is
            not acquired until after calendar year 2035.
                (6) The effect of establishing new or restored long-
            distance routes on the cost and availability of existing and
            additional long-distance equipment.

    SEC. 10208. INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW OF AMTRAK ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING
                  PRACTICES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the inspector general of the Department shall
    review the accounting practices of Amtrak, with specific focus on the
    use and oversight of the cost accounting and financial accounting
    systems, including the Amtrak Performance Tracking (in this section
    referred to as ``APT'') financial management system as required by
    section 203 of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of
    2008 (49 U.S.C. 24101 note), the core enterprise resource planning
    system of Amtrak, and related financial information technology modules.
        (b) Scope.--In carrying out the review described in subsection (a),
    the inspector general shall determine whether--
                (1) Amtrak's use of systems, applications, and products in
            data processing accurately tracks expenditures, revenues, and
            Federal funds;
                (2) internal controls within such systems, applications,
            and products are sufficient to prevent accounting errors,
            manipulation, or misuse of funds;
                (3) Amtrak's systems, applications, and products in data
            processing and consolidated financial statements are in
            compliance with applicable Federal financial management
            standards and generally accepted accounting principles;
                (4) Amtrak's reporting practices accurately reflects route
            performance;
                (5) increased adherence to generally accepted accounting
            principles for APT would improve cost transparency; and
                (6) the Federal Railroad Administration's use of systems,
            applications, and products for Amtrak oversight are in
            compliance with applicable Federal financial management
            standards and generally accepted accounting principles.
        (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the inspector general shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report containing--
                (1) the findings made under this section;
                (2) any evidence of noncompliance, mismanagement, or
            deficiencies in the use of systems, applications, and products
            in data processing; and
                (3) recommendations for corrective action, if applicable.

    SEC. 10209. AMTRAK ANNUAL REPORTING.

        Section 24315 of title 49, United States Code, (as amended by
    section 10204) is further amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3)(B) by striking the period and
                    inserting ``; and''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) includes a reconciliation of adjusted operating
            expenses, and any other reported metrics derived from such
            expenses, to Amtrak's audited generally accepted accounting
            principles financial statements.'';
                (2) in subsection (f) by striking ``subsection (d) or (e)''
            and inserting ``subsection (d) or (f)'';
                (3) by redesignating subsections (e) through (h) as
            subsections (f) through (i), respectively; and
                (4) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
        ``(e) Review of Annual Operations Report.--Upon completion of the
    report under subsection (a), an independent certified public accountant
    or the inspector general of Amtrak shall review the rationale of the
    reconciliation of adjusted operating expenses under subsection
    (a)(4).''.

    SEC. 10210. INVOICES AND REPORTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 24712(b) of title 49, United States Code,
    is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Independent review.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A State may hire or contract
                    with, at the expense of such State, an independent
                    third party to conduct a review for disputes over
                    invoices and the implementation of or compliance with
                    the cost methods under subsection (a)(7).
                        ``(B) Data request.--Upon the request of such
                    State, Amtrak and the Committee shall make directly
                    available to the State the general ledger data,
                    operating statistics, and other data used to calculate
                    invoices pertaining to the State.
                        ``(C) Liability.--In a case where the review finds
                    overcharged amounts, Amtrak or the State may request
                    dispute resolution in accordance with subsection
                    (c).''.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Amtrak inspector general shall update the report of the
    inspector general titled ``Governance: Amtrak Has Begun to Address
    State Partners' Concerns About Shared Costs But Has More Work to Do to
    Improve Relationships'', published January 31, 2022.

    SEC. 10211. STATE-SUPPORTED COST AND SERVICE POLICY.

        Section 24712 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2) by adding at the end the
                    following:
                        ``(C) Compensation.--Each member of the Committee
                    shall serve without pay but may receive payment for
                    travel expenses, including a per diem allowance, a
                    reimbursement payment, or a combination thereof, in
                    accordance with sections 5702 and 5703 of title 5.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (5)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading by striking
                            ``Meetings; rules and procedures'' and
                            inserting ``Administrative requirements and
                            authorities'';
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and
                            (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively;
                                (iii) by striking ``The Committee shall''
                            and inserting ``(A) rules and procedures.--The
                            Committee shall''; and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Meeting schedule.--The Committee shall--
                                ``(i) establish a schedule for meetings of
                            the Committee, which shall be held not less
                            frequently than 4 times per fiscal year; and
                                ``(ii) include in such schedule the
                            location of each such meeting.
                        ``(C) Subgroups.--The Committee may establish and
                    oversee subgroups of the Committee as necessary to
                    support the execution of Committee activities.''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (7)--
                                (i) by striking the paragraph heading and
                            inserting ``Cost and service policy'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking the period at the
                                    end and inserting ``; and'';
                                        (II) by striking ``the Committee
                                    may amend the cost methodology policy''
                                    and inserting ``the Committee--
                                ``(i) may amend the cost and service
                            policy''; and
                                        (III) by adding at the end the
                                    following:
                                ``(iii) shall oversee, administer, and
                            update as appropriate the cost and service
                            policy.'';
                                (iii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) by striking the subparagraph
                                    heading and inserting ``Revisions to
                                    cost and service policy'';
                                        (II) in clause (i) by striking
                                    ``(49 U.S.C. 20901 note)'' and
                                    inserting ``(49 U.S.C. 24101 note)'';
                                    and
                                        (III) in clause (iii)--
                                                (aa) by striking the clause
                                            heading and inserting
                                            ``Procedures for changing cost
                                            methods''; and
                                                (bb) by striking ``(49
                                            U.S.C. 20901 note)'' and
                                            inserting ``(49 U.S.C. 24101
                                            note)'';
                                (iv) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as
                            subparagraph (E); and
                                (v) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the
                            following:
                        ``(D) Cost method implementation.--The Committee is
                    responsible for implementation of the cost methods and
                    any related requirements, including--
                                ``(i) transparency requirements regarding
                            reporting and invoicing; and
                                ``(ii) collaboration and planning
                            requirements.'';
                (2) in subsection (h) by striking the subsection heading
            and inserting ``Cost and Service Policy Update Implementation
            Report.'';
                (3) by striking ``cost allocation methodology'' and
            inserting ``cost methods'' each place it appears; and
                (4) by striking ``cost methodology policy'' and inserting
            ``cost and service policy'' each place it appears.

    SEC. 10212. GAO STUDY ON AMTRAK CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall evaluate the customer
    experience provided by Amtrak across its national passenger rail
    network.
        (b) Scope of Review.--In conducting the study required under
    subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall assess policies,
    practices, and performance related to customer experience, including--
                (1) ticketing and fare transparency, including clarity of
            pricing and refund policies;
                (2) on-board services, such as food and beverage service,
            restrooms, internet connectivity, and cleanliness;
                (3) service reliability and timeliness of operations;
                (4) passenger communication, particularly in the event of
            delays, cancellations, or service disruptions;
                (5) station infrastructure, accessibility for persons with
            disabilities, and compliance with the Americans with
            Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.);
                (6) complaint resolution procedures and responsiveness to
            customer feedback;
                (7) differences in customer experience between long-
            distance routes, State-supported corridors, and the Northeast
            Corridor; and
                (8) any other factors the Comptroller General considers
            appropriate to assess the quality and consistency of the
            customer service of Amtrak.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the study under subsection (a),
    the Comptroller General may consult with relevant stakeholders,
    including--
                (1) State departments of transportation that fund Amtrak
            services;
                (2) transportation advocacy organizations, including those
            representing intercity passenger rail passengers on Northeast
            Corridor, State-supported, and long distance routes;
                (3) national disability rights and accessibility
            organizations;
                (4) representatives of Amtrak passengers and workforce; and
                (5) members of the Northeast Corridor Commission.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the
    study conducted under subsection (a) is initiated, the Comptroller
    General shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report containing
    the findings of the study and any conclusions and recommendations based
    on such findings.

    SEC. 10213. GAO STUDY ON AMTRAK SERVICE TO PRIVATELY OWNED RAIL CARS.

        (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall conduct an assessment of the
    policies, practices, and performance of Amtrak with respect to services
    to privately owned rail cars.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the assessment under subsection
    (a), the Comptroller General shall--
                (1) review how Amtrak identifies and calculates costs
            relating to the movement of privately owned rail cars, long-
            term parking of privately owned rail cars, and related
            services;
                (2) review how Amtrak factors the costs described in
            paragraph (1) into pricing, policy, and program-related
            decisions of Amtrak;
                (3) identify the net profits or losses of Amtrak for
            privately owned rail car services in each of fiscal years 2019
            through 2026;
                (4) review the access points, parking, and access to Amtrak
            routes that Amtrak makes available for the switching and usage
            of privately owned rail cars and determine the effects, if any,
            of the availability of such access points, parking, and access,
            and any reduction in such availability, on the financial and
            operating performance of Amtrak;
                (5) identify any challenges and opportunities Amtrak is
            likely to experience if Amtrak implements a dynamic pricing
            model for privately owned rail car services;
                (6) review the implementation by Amtrak of recommendations
            published by the Amtrak Office of Inspector General in the
            report titled ``Train Operations: Opportunities Exist to
            Improve Private Railcar Management and Business Practices''
            (OIG-A-2019-003), published February 6, 2019;
                (7) analyze whether--
                        (A) privately owned rail car services contribute to
                    the ability of Amtrak to earn positive income from rail
                    operations; and
                        (B) the pricing model used by Amtrak for such
                    services reflects fair market value for owners and
                    operators of privately owned rail cars; and
                (8) include any other reviews, analyses, or information the
            Comptroller General determines appropriate.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the assessment under subsection
    (a), the Comptroller General shall consult with relevant stakeholders,
    including Amtrak, rail carriers, and organizations representing
    employees and privately owned rail car owners and operators.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after initiating the assessment
    under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report containing the findings of the
    assessment, and any recommendations of the Comptroller General relating
    the subject matter covered by the assessment.
        (e) Rail Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term ``rail
    carrier'' has the meaning given such term in section 10102 of title 49,
    United States Code.

    SEC. 10214. THE DONALD M. PAYNE, JR. TRANSIT CENTER AT NEWARK PENN
                  STATION.

        (a) Designation.--Newark Penn Station, located at 1 Raymond Plaza
    West, Newark, New Jersey, shall be known and designated as the ``Donald
    M. Payne, Jr. Transit Center at Newark Penn Station''.
        (b) References.--Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document,
    paper, or other record of the United States to Newark Penn Station
    shall be deemed to be a reference to the ``Donald M. Payne, Jr. Transit
    Center at Newark Penn Station''.

    SEC. 10215. PUBLIC NOTICE AND COMMENT ON AMTRAK'S CORPORATE STRUCTURE.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days prior to a vote of the
    Amtrak Board of Directors on any corporate restructuring plan,
    including changes to Amtrak subsidiaries, Amtrak shall publish in the
    Federal Register a notice containing such plan and provide an
    opportunity for public comment for not less than 60 days.
        (b) Notice Contents.--In the notice published under subsection (a),
    Amtrak shall include--
                (1) the legal authority for the restructuring; and
                (2) an explanation of the purpose of the plan and how it
            would facilitate Amtrak's statutory mission and other goals
            established by the Amtrak Board of Directors.
        (c) Responses.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which the
    public comment period under subsection (a) closes, Amtrak shall provide
    to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate responses to the comments on the
    restructuring plan received during such period, including--
                (1) a description of the comments that Amtrak intends to
            implement;
                (2) a justification for comments that Amtrak does not
            intend to implement; and
                (3) an implementation strategy and timeline for the
            restructuring, including any potential impacts of the
            restructuring on Amtrak service, capital procurement and
            projects in process or planned as of the date the responses are
            provided, impacts to its workforce, and any potential
            legislative changes determined necessary to implement the
            restructuring.

    SEC. 10216. GAO EXAMINATION OF INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER RAIL.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report that includes the elements described in subsection (b) from a
    representational sample of international intercity passenger rail
    carriers to determine governance and financing practices and the
    potential application of such practices to domestic intercity passenger
    rail operations.
        (b) Elements.--The report submitted under subsection (a) shall
    include--
                (1) the number of employees and union representation for
            each intercity passenger railroad;
                (2) the geographic size served by each carrier, and the
            number of routes operated by each carrier;
                (3) the organization of each carrier and the nature and
            composition of each carrier's governance;
                (4) the source and legal authority of the operation,
            governance, and financing structures of the international
            representational samples;
                (5) the amount of government investment in intercity
            passenger rail operations made over the previous 10 years as
            well as the sources of funding, and projected investment and
            source of funding over the next 10 years;
                (6) the amount of excess fleet or infrastructure capacity
            to allow for competitive services;
                (7) the safety record of each carrier over the last 10
            years;
                (8) the on-time performance of each carrier; and
                (9) governance and financing for intercity passenger rail
            stations that serve varying customer sizes.

    SEC. 10217. FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICE.

        (a) Evaluation of Amtrak Food and Beverage Services.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall examine
            the food and beverage services provided on Amtrak routes and
            provide recommendations for improvements.
                (2) Elements.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Comptroller General shall examine the following:
                        (A) The affordability of current dining options and
                    possible alternatives.
                        (B) The quality of food services provided and
                    possible improvements.
                        (C) The feasibility of providing traditional dining
                    to all passengers.
                        (D) A comparison of current dining options to
                    established dietary guidelines.
        (b) Annual Amtrak Report.--Section 24321 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (f); and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
        ``(d) Implementation Advisory Committee.--
                ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date
            of enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, Amtrak shall
            establish an advisory committee to provide internal review with
            respect to the implementation by Amtrak of the recommendations
            contained in the report of the Comptroller General of the
            United States required under section 10217(a) of the BUILD
            America 250 Act.
                ``(2) Membership.--The advisory committee established under
            paragraph (1) shall consist of individuals representing--
                        ``(A) Amtrak;
                        ``(B) the labor organizations representing Amtrak
                    employees who prepare or provide on-board food and
                    beverage service;
                        ``(C) nonprofit organizations representing Amtrak
                    passengers; and
                        ``(D) States that are providing funding for State-
                    supported routes.
                ``(3) Termination.--The advisory committee established
            under paragraph (1) shall terminate on the date on which Amtrak
            submits the final report required under subsection (e)(1).
        ``(e) Annual Implementation Status Report.--
                ``(1) Annual report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
            of enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, and annually
            thereafter until such time as all recommendations contained in
            the report of the Comptroller General of the United States
            required under section 10217(a) of the BUILD America 250 Act
            are implemented by Amtrak or determined by Amtrak to be
            impractical or impossible to implement, Amtrak shall--
                        ``(A) submit to the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
                    the Senate a report on the status of the implementation
                    of each such recommendation; and
                        ``(B) make the report available on a publicly
                    accessible website of Amtrak.
                ``(2) Report contents.--Each report under paragraph (1)
            shall include--
                        ``(A) a description of the progress made by Amtrak
                    in implementing each recommendation contained in the
                    report under subsection (b);
                        ``(B) an identification of each such recommendation
                    for which implementation is complete;
                        ``(C) an identification of each such recommendation
                    that Amtrak determines to be impractical or impossible
                    to implement;
                        ``(D) for each recommendation identified under
                    subparagraph (C)--
                                ``(i) the justification for the
                            determination that the recommendation is
                            impractical or impossible to implement; and
                                ``(ii) if the justification is all, or in
                            part, attributable to insufficient funding, an
                            estimated cost of implementing the
                            recommendation;
                        ``(E) a description of how, if at all, ?food and
                    beverage service of Amtrak has changed--
                                ``(i) if in the initial report, since the
                            date of enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act;
                            and
                                ``(ii) if in a subsequent report, since the
                            date on which the previous report was
                            finalized; and
                        ``(F) comments submitted by the advisory committee
                    to Amtrak regarding the information included under
                    subparagraphs (A) through (E).''.

                       Subtitle C--Passenger Rail Policy

    SEC. 10301. INTERCITY PASSENGER RAIL EQUIPMENT POOLS.

        (a) Contract Authority.--The Secretary may enter into agreements
    with an interstate rail compact for the purpose of establishing,
    managing, and financing multistate equipment pools for use in
    supporting the operation, expansion, and modernization of intercity
    passenger rail services.
        (b) Terms.--An agreement entered into under subsection (a) shall--
                (1) establish rules governing the management,
            representation, membership, and financing of a multistate
            equipment pool among each State party to the interstate rail
            compact;
                (2) include terms providing for the staffing,
            administrative, and other labor-related needs for the equipment
            pool;
                (3) establish procedures through which additional States
            that join the interstate rail compact may be included in the
            agreement;
                (4) include a plan governing the operations and management
            of the equipment pool, including with respect to each type of
            equipment in the equipment pool, allowable uses, standard
            leasing terms, insurance, and purchasing and maintenance
            financing;
                (5) with respect to the procurement or acquisition of
            equipment for the equipment pool--
                        (A) include identification of acceptable
                    contracting methods and required contract terms,
                    including such methods and terms as the Secretary
                    determines appropriate to ensure compliance with
                    applicable legal requirements regarding competition and
                    section 22905 of title 49, United States Code (commonly
                    known as ``Buy America''); and
                        (B) establish a set of engineering standards,
                    technical standards, and design standards applicable to
                    all such procurement or acquisition of common fleet
                    rolling stock equipment;
                (6) include such terms as are necessary for the interstate
            rail compact to--
                        (A) coordinate with manufacturers regarding supply
                    chain management applicable to such equipment;
                        (B) facilitate the efficient order and delivery of
                    such equipment; and
                        (C) ensure the design of such equipment meets the
                    standards described in paragraph (5);
                (7) receive technical support for the interstate rail
            compact from the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of
            the Federal Railroad Administration, and Amtrak; and
                (8) include such additional terms as the Secretary
            determines appropriate.
        (c) Third-party Support Services.--In entering into an agreement
    under subsection (a), the Secretary may not prohibit an interstate rail
    compact from using a third-party entity to support the maintenance,
    distribution, oversight, and leasing of equipment and to manage the
    equipment pool.
        (d) Technical Support.--The Secretary may develop procedures under
    which an interstate rail compact that enters into an agreement under
    subsection (a) may solicit technical support from the Secretary or
    Amtrak related to the engineering, standards, procurement of, and other
    matters related to the acquisition and maintenance of a rolling stock
    equipment pool, provided Amtrak charges a fair market rate for staff
    time used on providing technical support.
        (e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to--
                (1) require the National Railroad Passenger Corporation
            to--
                        (A) make available any rolling stock equipment or
                    facilities to any equipment pool established under this
                    section; or
                        (B) enter into any agreement, contract, or other
                    arrangement relating to the use, sharing, or allocation
                    of such rolling stock, equipment, or facilities; or
                (2) prohibit such Corporation from voluntarily taking
            action described in paragraph (1).
        (f) Administrative Funding.--Section 22910 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (4) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (5) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following new
                    paragraph:
                ``(6) administration of a multistate equipment pool
            pursuant to an agreement under section 10301 of the BUILD
            America 250 Act.'';
                (2) in subsection (b) by striking ``section in an amount
            exceeding $1,000,000 per year.'' and inserting ``section--
                ``(1) except as provided in paragraph (2), in an amount
            exceeding $1,000,000 per year; and
                ``(2) for a grant authorized under subsection (a)(6), in an
            amount exceeding $5,000,000 per year.''.
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (6) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (7) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following new
                    paragraph:
                ``(8) with respect to an applicant that has entered into,
            or intends to enter into, an agreement for the operation of a
            multistate equipment pool under section 10301 of the BUILD
            America 250 Act--
                        ``(A) the costs related to the administration and
                    operation of the multistate equipment pool;
                        ``(B) the size and scope of the entities party to
                    the interstate rail compact that administers the
                    multistate equipment pool; and
                        ``(C) any planned procurement and fleet management
                    activities for the multistate equipment pool.''; and
                (4) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
        ``(e) Letter of Intent.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may issue to an applicant
            responsible for administering a multistate equipment pool under
            section 10301 of BUILD America 250 Act a letter of intent
            expressing the intent of the Secretary to provide multiyear
            funding under this section, subject to the availability of
            appropriations, for purposes related to the multistate
            equipment pool.
                ``(2) Limitation.--A letter of intent under paragraph (1)
            shall not give rise to--
                        ``(A) an obligation under sections 1108(c), 1501,
                    and 1502(a) of title 31; or
                        ``(B) an administrative commitment for
                    financing.''.
        (g) Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing
    Eligibility.--Section 22402 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (6) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (7) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following new
                    paragraph:
                ``(8) an interstate rail compact that administers a
            multistate equipment pool under section 10301 of BUILD America
            250 Act.''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``or'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subparagraph (F)(iv) by striking the period
                    at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) to acquire or rehabilitate equipment for
                    inclusion in a multistate equipment pool administered
                    by an interstate rail compact under section 10301 of
                    BUILD America 250 Act;
                        ``(H) to lease, or lease-to-own, intercity
                    passenger rail equipment for use in such a multistate
                    equipment pool; or''.

    SEC. 10302. CALIFORNIA HIGH-SPEED RAIL WORKING GROUP.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a working group to conduct
    an assessment and make recommendations regarding the California High-
    Speed Rail project.
        (b) Working Group.--The working group shall be comprised of
    individuals appointed with technical qualifications, professional
    standing, and demonstrated expertise in the field of business
    management, rail operations, economics, or law, including from the
    California High-Speed Rail Authority and at least 1 member from a group
    representing railroad employees, and shall also include--
                (1) 1 member designated by the Speaker of the House of
            Representatives;
                (2) 1 member designated by the majority leader of the
            Senate;
                (3) 1 member designated by the minority leader of the House
            of Representatives;
                (4) 1 member designated by the minority leader of the
            Senate; and
                (5) 4 members designated by the Secretary of
            Transportation.
        (c) Considerations.--In the evaluation of the project, the working
    group shall consider the following:
                (1) Whether the project will achieve the outcomes and
            criteria legally required under California Proposition 1A,
            approved on November 4, 2008, and subsequently codified in
            California statute, including--
                        (A) trains capable of sustained maximum operating
                    speeds of not less than 200 miles per hour;
                        (B) maximum nonstop service travel times for each
                    corridor that does not exceed--
                                (i) 160 minutes between San Francisco and
                            Los Angeles;
                                (ii) 160 minutes between Oakland and Los
                            Angeles;
                                (iii) 30 minutes between San Francisco and
                            San Jose;
                                (iv) 130 minutes between San Jose and Los
                            Angeles;
                                (v) 80 minutes between San Diego and Los
                            Angeles; and
                                (vi) 140 minutes between Sacramento and Los
                            Angeles; and
                        (C) a time interval between successive trains that
                    is not more than 5 minutes.
                (2) Whether the planned passenger service by the California
            High-Speed Rail Authority in the corridor or usable segment
            thereof will require a local, State, or Federal operational
            subsidy, including the initial operating segment between Merced
            and Bakersfield and the Phase 1 system between San Francisco
            and Los Angeles, and an estimate of the amount of such subsidy.
                (3) Whether the route alignment reduces highway and
            aviation congestion, community impacts, and follows existing
            transportation or utility corridors.
                (4) The cost and timeline estimate for completing the Phase
            1 system, including--
                        (A) whether the California High-Speed Rail
                    Authority has accurately estimated and planned for
                    potential cost escalation; and
                        (B) whether the suggested discount rate described
                    in the circular of the Office of Management and Budget,
                    titled ``Guidelines and Discount Rates for Benefit-Cost
                    Analysis of Federal Programs'' (A-94) is appropriate
                    for the project, including the likelihood that such
                    rate will attract private sector investment to the
                    project.
                (5) Committed sources of funding for the project, including
            separate estimates for the initial operating segment and the
            full Phase 1 system.
                (6) An evaluation of the economic justification for the
            project.
                (7) The impact of completion of the project on the ability
            of California to invest in and address other transportation
            infrastructure, including infrastructure resilience, and
            transportation infrastructure important to interstate commerce.
                (8) Other factors related to the development and operation
            of the project as specified in Proposition 1a or identified by
            the Working Group.
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the working group shall transmit to the
    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and
    the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives its report containing the assessment and
    recommendations described in subsection (a). Such report shall be
    published by the Secretary on a public facing website.
        (e) Funding to California High-Speed Rail Authority.--The Secretary
    may not make a grant or award using funds made available under this
    Act, or award other Federal financial assistance to the California
    High-Speed Rail Authority until the due date of the report described in
    subsection (d).
        (f) Consideration of Recommendation.--The Secretary shall consider
    Working Group recommendations in determining future Federal funding
    requests for the California High-Speed Rail Project.
        (g) Cessation.--Upon submission of the report to Congress under
    subsection (d), or 2 years after the date of enactment of the Act,
    whichever is earlier, the Working Group shall cease to exist.

    SEC. 10303. ROUTE-SPECIFIC REPORTS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct an examination of intercity
    passenger rail service and an evaluation of the feasibility of
    establishing or expanding services.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the evaluation under subsection
    (a), the Secretary shall work with project sponsors to obtain
    appropriate data and consider the following factors to ensure any route
    recommended is economically and financially justified:
                (1) Whether the project will achieve the outcome and goals
            related to the proposal for route establishment, enhancement,
            or expansion.
                (2) Whether the proposal for route establishment or
            expansion will require local, State, or Federal economic
            support and the degree of such support.
                (3) A comparative examination of the proposed service to
            other potential modes of transportation along the same
            corridor.
                (4) Whether the proposal for route establishment or
            expansion reduces community impact, including alleviating
            highway or aviation congestion, aids with the State's
            transportation resilience plan, or follows existing
            transportation or utility corridors.
                (5) The environmental impacts of the proposed service.
                (6) The cost and timeline estimate for initiating passenger
            service.
                (7) Additional issues related to the costs and benefits of
            the projects identified.
                (8) Motive power options for the routes.
        (c) Routes for Evaluation.--In conducting the evaluation under
    subsection (a), the Secretary may explore potential route establishment
    or expansion throughout the United States to determine which routes are
    the most feasible for development. The evaluation may include the
    following routes:
                (1) Between Kansas City, Missouri, and Oklahoma City,
            Oklahoma, by way of Newton, Kansas.
                (2) Between Akron, Ohio, and Canton, Ohio.
                (3) A rail corridor between the District of Columbia and
            Florida, including an examination of all motive options.
                (4) Between Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Luis Obispo,
            California.
                (5) Between Austin, Texas, and Laredo, Texas, by way of San
            Antonio, Texas, with an extension to Monterrey, Nuevo Leon,
            Mexico.
                (6) Between Scranton, Pennsylvania, and New York City, New
            York.
                (7) Additional routes, as identified by the Secretary.

    SEC. 10304. STUDY ON COMMUTER RAIL PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION AND
                  TRANSFERS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General shall initiate a study identifying
    the benefits of commuter rail passenger transportation and major
    obstacles to providing commuter rail passenger transportation that does
    not involve a transfer for passengers.
        (b) Requirements.--In conducting the study under subsection (a),
    the Comptroller General shall--
                (1) consider economic, logistical, and quality of life
            factors in analyzing the major obstacles to implementing
            single-seat trips on commuter rail passenger transportation for
            as many passengers as possible; and
                (2) include in such study an analysis of the costs and
            benefits with respect to single-seat trips on commuter rail
            passenger transportation on the New Jersey Transit Raritan
            Valley line during peak hours and the impact such trips would
            have on other New Jersey Transit lines.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate a
    report containing the results of the study under subsection (a).
        (d) Commuter Rail Passenger Transportation Defined.--In this
    section, the term ``commuter rail passenger transportation'' has the
    meaning given such term in section 24102 of title 49, United States
    Code.

    SEC. 10305. ADJUSTMENT OF LIABILITY CAP.

        (a) In General.--Section 28103 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2) by striking ``$200,000,000'' and
            inserting ``$323,000,000''; and
                (2) in subsection (c) by striking ``$200,000,000 per
            accident or incident'' and inserting ``the amount described in
            subsection (a)(2)''.
        (b) Adjustment of Liability Cap.--
                (1) Adjustment.--The limit on aggregate allowable awards
            described in section 28103(a)(2) of title 49, United States
            Code, shall be adjusted pursuant to this subsection every fifth
            year after the date of enactment of this Act.
                (2) Working group.--The Secretary shall convene a working
            group to review the percentage of such adjustment and convene
            such working group during the third year of each 5-year period.
                (3) Composition of working group.--The Secretary shall
            ensure that the working group consists of representatives of
            the Federal Railroad Administration and at least 2
            representatives from each of the following entities:
                        (A) Operators of intercity passenger rail services.
                        (B) Operators of commuter railroads or
                    organizations representing commuter railroads.
                        (C) Relevant insurance providers or organizations
                    representing relevant insurance industries.
                        (D) Advocates of victims of rail accidents or
                    incidents or organizations representing those
                    advocates.
                        (E) Organizations representing railroad employees.
                (4) Recommendation of adjustment amount.--Not later than 90
            days after a working group is convened under paragraph (2), the
            working group shall submit to the Secretary a recommendation
            for a percentage by which the limit on aggregate allowable
            awards described in section 28103(a)(2) of title 49, United
            States Code, should be adjusted, after taking into
            consideration--
                        (A) any incidents or accidents for which the award
                    reached such amount occurring within the previous 5-
                    year period;
                        (B) the effect of safety technology or other
                    changing factors on the risk of rail incidents or
                    accidents within the previous 5-year period; and
                        (C) the severity of each accident or incident
                    examined, including as measured by damages incurred.
                (5) Determination.--Not later than 90 days after the
            working group recommends an adjustment under paragraph (4), the
            Secretary shall, taking into account such recommendation--
                        (A) determine an appropriate adjustment amount,
                    except that such adjustment may not be an increase of
                    less than 2 percent or greater than 10 percent over the
                    amount in effect as of the date on which the working
                    group is convened; and
                        (B) provide public notice of such amount that
                    contains an explanation for the amount described in
                    subparagraph (A), including any justifications for
                    deviating from the recommendation of the working group.
                (6) Failure to reach a determination.--If the working group
            fails to recommend an adjustment amount or the Secretary fails
            to publish an adjusted limit on aggregate allowable awards,
            then on January 1 of the fourth year, the limit on aggregate
            allowable awards shall be automatically increased by 10 percent
            and the Secretary shall provide appropriate public notice of
            such adjustment.
                (7) Effective date.--Any adjustment made by the Secretary
            pursuant to this subsection shall take effect on the date that
            is 1 year after the date on which the Secretary provides notice
            under paragraph (5)(B).
        (c) Repeal.--Section 11415 of the Passenger Rail Reform and
    Investment Act of 2015 (Public Law 114-94) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking the subsection
            designation and subsection heading; and
                (2) by striking subsection (b).

                     Subtitle D--Rail Safety and Innovation

    SEC. 10401. RAIL BRIDGE SAFETY.

        (a) Rail Bridge Inspections.--Section 20105 of title 49, United
    States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``facilities,'' in each place it occurs and
            inserting ``facilities, bridges,''; and
                (2) by striking ``facility,'' in each place it occurs and
            inserting ``facility, bridges,''.
        (b) Railroad Bridge Safety Assurance.--Section 417(d)(2) of the
    Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (49 U.S.C. 20103 note) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) as
            subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E), respectively;
                (2) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the
            following:
                        ``(A) Requests from committees.--The Chairman or
                    Ranking Member of the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, or the
                    Chairman or Ranking Member of Committee on Commerce,
                    Science, and Transportation of the Senate, may file a
                    request with the Secretary for a public version of the
                    bridge inspection report generated under subsection
                    (b)(5).
                        ``(B) Limitation.--A State or political subdivision
                    of a State may file a request with the Secretary for a
                    public version of the bridge inspection report
                    generated under subsection (b)(5), but may not file
                    more than 50 such requests during any 6-month
                    period.''; and
                (3) in subparagraph (C), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``If the Secretary determines that the request is reasonable,
            the Secretary'' and inserting ``The Secretary''.
        (c) Rail Bridge Inspection Reports.--Not later than 2 years after
    the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall update
    applicable regulations concerning inspection reports for railroad
    bridges under subsections (d)(2)(C) and (b)(5) of section 417 of the
    Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (49 U.S.C. 20103 note) to ensure
    each report reflects whether inspected bridges meet minimum structural
    and safety standards, as determined by a qualified railroad inspector.
        (d) Rail Bridge Safety Concern Reporting System.--Section 20145 of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
    ``Sec. 20145. Rail bridge safety concern reporting system
        ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
    enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, the Secretary of Transportation
    shall establish a system, to be known as the Rail Bridge Safety Concern
    Reporting System (referred to in this section as the `System'), through
    which State, local, Tribal, and territorial governmental entities may
    report safety concerns about the condition of railroad bridges.
        ``(b) System Development.--In developing the System, the Secretary
    shall--
                ``(1) streamline and simplify the data management process
            of the Department of Transportation; and
                ``(2) require an entity making a report under the System to
            certify that the report is based on an observed or verifiable
            factor described in subsection (c)(1) by the official filing of
            the report.
        ``(c) System Functions.--
                ``(1) Reporting safety concerns.--The Secretary shall
            permit a State, local, Tribal, and territorial governmental
            entity to use the System to report to the Secretary a safety
            concern, regarding the condition of a railroad bridge, based on
            certain factors, including--
                        ``(A) extreme shaking or excess movement during the
                    passage of a train or an extreme weather event;
                        ``(B) components of the railroad bridge falling
                    onto surrounding areas; and
                        ``(C) any other factor that the Secretary
                    determines to be significant to the structural or
                    operational safety of the bridge.
                ``(2) Investigations.--If the Secretary determines a report
            submitted through the System describes a reasonable safety
            concern regarding the structural or operational safety of a
            bridge, the Secretary shall investigate such safety concern to
            determine the risk posed by the railroad bridge to--
                        ``(A) the operations of the railroad concerned;
                        ``(B) the safety of railroad workers;
                        ``(C) the safety of the general public; and
                        ``(D) the safety of individuals who traverse on,
                    under, or near the railroad bridge, including
                    pedestrians, cyclists, and individuals traveling by
                    motor vehicle or boat.
                ``(3) Repair or suspension of use.--If the Secretary
            determines that a safety concern investigated pursuant to
            paragraph (2) poses a significant threat to the structural or
            operational safety of a railroad bridge or the safety of any of
            the parties described in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of
            paragraph (2), the Secretary shall direct the Administrator of
            the Federal Railroad Administration to coordinate with the
            railroad concerned to establish a plan that addresses the
            safety concern, which may include--
                        ``(A) requiring the immediate repair of the
                    railroad bridge;
                        ``(B) imposing weight or speed restrictions on the
                    bridge; and
                        ``(C) any restriction or prohibition ordered by the
                    Secretary under section 20104(a), if the Secretary
                    determines that such safety concern--
                                ``(i) involves an unsafe condition or
                            practice, or a combination of unsafe conditions
                            and practices; or
                                ``(ii) causes an emergency situation
                            involving an imminent hazard of death, personal
                            injury, or significant harm to the environment.
        ``(d) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Railroad bridge.--The term `railroad bridge' means
            any structure with a deck, regardless of length, that supports
            one or more railroad tracks, or any other undergrade structure
            with an individual span length of 10 feet or more located at
            such a depth that is affected by live loads.
                ``(2) State.--The term `State' has the meaning given the
            term in section 20167(c).''.

    SEC. 10402. PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF FEDERALLY FUNDED DATA.

        (a) In General.--Section 20108 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (k); and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (i) the following:
        ``(j) Accessibility of Federally Funded Data.--The Secretary shall
    make freely available and publicly accessible any publications and
    relevant supporting data resulting from research funded pursuant to
    subsection (a), including peer-reviewed scholarly publications.''.
        (b) Implementation.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a plan to support
    increased public access to publications and supporting data for
    research funded pursuant to section 20108 of title 49, United States
    Code.
        (c) Data Protection.--In carrying out section 20108(j) of title 49,
    United States Code, the Secretary may restrict the release of
    information protected from disclosure under section 552 of title 5,
    United States Code.

    SEC. 10403. SAFETY CULTURE GRANT PROGRAM.

        Chapter 201 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 20172. Safety culture grant program
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator
    of the Federal Railroad Administration, may make grants to nonprofit
    organizations specializing in railroad safety and safety culture to--
                ``(1) conduct safety culture assessments and safety
            training for Class II railroads, Class III railroads, commuter
            railroads, and other eligible railroads;
                ``(2) provide technical assistance and conducting
            educational programs and courses including leadership and
            employee development training to the railroads described in
            paragraph (1);
                ``(3) create and implement safety best practices within the
            industries of the railroads described in paragraph (1); and
                ``(4) provide safety training equipment--
                        ``(A) to Class II railroads and Class III railroads
                    for use in enhancing hazardous material safety
                    training; and
                        ``(B) to public service emergency responders for
                    use in training regarding the safe transportation of
                    hazardous materials and response to railroad incidents
                    involving hazardous materials.
        ``(b) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Commuter railroad.--The term `commuter railroad' has
            the meaning given the term `commuter rail passenger
            transportation' in section 24102.
                ``(2) Other eligible railroads.--The term `other eligible
            railroads' means railroads that the Secretary determines would
            benefit from safety culture assessments or safety-related
            instruction, including industrial railroads, plant railroads,
            terminal railroads, historic railroads, tourist railroads, and
            switching railroads, to the extent such railroads meet the
            definition of `railroad' under section 20102.
        ``(c) Grant Conditions.--The provisions of section 22905 shall
    apply to grants made under this section.
        ``(d) Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to--
                ``(1) expand the definition of `railroad' under section
            20102; or
                ``(2) limit the authority of the Secretary to conduct
            safety culture assessments pursuant to any other provision of
            law.''.

    SEC. 10404. IMPROVED SUPPORTING INFORMATION TRANSPARENCY AND USING
                  PERFORMANCE-BASED REGULATIONS DURING RULEMAKING.

        (a) Supporting Information Transparency and Quality.--
                (1) In general.--Subchapter I of chapter 201 of title 49,
            United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
            following:
    ``Sec. 20122. Supporting information transparency and quality
        ``(a) Supporting Information Transparency.--
                ``(1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided under
            paragraph (3), the Secretary of Transportation shall place, in
            the appropriate docket, supporting information described in
            paragraph (2), including associated analysis, that is used by
            the Department of Transportation in relation to a proposed rule
            issued pursuant to this subtitle on the date such proposed rule
            is published in the Federal Register.
                ``(2) Supporting information.--The supporting information
            and analyses described in paragraph (1) shall include--
                        ``(A) the data and sources on which the regulation
                    and regulatory analysis is based; and
                        ``(B) relevant technical and scientific findings.
                ``(3) Exception.--The Secretary may not publish supporting
            information that is security-sensitive, privileged information
            or confidential business information pursuant to this
            subsection.
        ``(b) Supporting Information Quality.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall, as practicable,
            ensure that a rule proposed or adopted pursuant to this
            subtitle is informed by supporting information that the
            Secretary determines to be reasonably obtainable supporting
            information, and any associated analysis, concerning--
                        ``(A) the need to be addressed; and
                        ``(B) how the rule addresses the need.
                ``(2) Information quality.--To the extent practicable,
            utilizing reasonably obtainable supporting information required
            under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider--
                        ``(A) up-to-date and relevant data;
                        ``(B) validated models and formulas; and
                        ``(C) independent, peer-reviewed--
                                ``(i) studies, including statistically
                            significant findings; and
                                ``(ii) scientific, technical, and economic
                            findings, including, statistically significant
                            findings.''.
                (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 201 of
            title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the
            item relating to section 20121 the following:

    ``20122. Supporting information transparency and quality.''.
        (b) Performance-Based Regulations.--
                (1) In general.--Subchapter I of chapter 201 of title 49,
            United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the
            following:
    ``Sec. 20123. Performance-based regulations
        ``(a) In General.--In conducting a rulemaking activity pursuant to
    this subtitle, the Secretary of Transportation shall consider using an
    approach to the rule that specifies performance objectives rather than
    an approach that identifies or requires the specific manner of
    compliance that a regulated person or entity must adopt.
        ``(b) Justification.--If the Secretary does not use the approach
    described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall include in the summary
    section of the preamble of the rulemaking--
                ``(1) a statement that the selected approach is
            prescriptive or nonperformance-based; and
                ``(2) a justification for the prescriptive or
            nonperformance-based approach, as applicable, including an
            explanation of the reasons for the selection of an approach
            other than the approach described in paragraph (1).''.
                (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 201 of
            title 49, United States Code, is further amended by inserting
            after the item relating to section 20122 the following:

    ``20123. Performance-based regulations.''.

    SEC. 10405. INSTALLATION OF IMAGE RECORDING DEVICES.

        Section 20168 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
        ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, the Secretary of Transportation
    shall issue regulations to require each Class I railroad to install
    inward- and outward-facing image recording devices in all controlling
    locomotive cabs and cab car operating compartments not later than 2
    years after the date on which such regulations are issued.'';
                (2) in subsection (c) by striking ``shall establish a
            process'' and all that follows and insert the following:
            ``shall--
                ``(1) establish a process to review and approve or
            disapprove an inward- or outward-facing image recording device
            for compliance with the standards described in subsection (b);
            and
                ``(2) deem approved under this section any inward-or
            outward-facing image recording device installed as of the date
            of enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act that meets the
            standards described in subsection (b) for 5 years following the
            date on which regulations are issued under subsection (a).'';
                (3) in subsection (f)(2) by striking ``passenger'' each
            place it appears; and
                (4) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(k) Applicability.--This section shall not apply to any railroad
    carrier covered by this section on the date of enactment of the FAST
    Act (Public Law 114-94).''.

    SEC. 10406. MEMBERSHIP OF NATIONAL DOMESTIC PREPAREDNESS CONSORTIUM.

        Paragraph (6) of section 1204(b) of the Implementing
    Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1102(b))
    is amended to read as follows:
                ``(6) the MxV Learning Institute; and''.

    SEC. 10407. PREVENTING TAMPERING WITH WAYSIDE DEFECT DETECTORS.

        (a) Review and Evaluation.--The Secretary shall convene a working
    group to--
                (1) review and evaluate local, State, and Federal laws
            regarding tampering with wayside defect detectors and other
            railroad safety and operational monitoring devices;
                (2) develop model tamper prevention strategies for the
            consideration of State and local governmental entities, and
            railroads, to deter wayside detector tampering; and
                (3) review and evaluate existing railroad carrier wayside
            defect detector installation and maintenance policies.
        (b) Participants.--The Secretary shall include in the working group
    established under this subsection at least 1 representative from each
    of the following:
                (1) An organization representing Class I railroads.
                (2) An organization representing locomotive engineers and
            conductors.
                (3) An organization representing employees who install and
            maintain wayside equipment.
                (4) An organization representing a State or Federal law
            enforcement agency responsible for enforcing laws to prevent
            damage to wayside equipment.
                (5) A manufacturer or organization representing
            manufacturers of wayside equipment.
        (c) Requirements.--The working group established under this
    subsection shall complete the activities required under paragraph (1)
    not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 10408. RAIL TECHNOLOGY AND ASSET PILOT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary, in cooperation with the
    Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration, shall establish a
    pilot program to award grants on a competitive basis to eligible
    recipients described in subsection (b) for rail technology systems and
    assets to--
                (1) improve rail transportation safety and efficiency;
                (2) reduce cargo theft; or
                (3) monitor rail network fluidity
        (b) Eligible Recipients.--The following entities are eligible to
    receive a grant under this section:
                (1) Railroad freight car owners or operators.
                (2) Railroad freight car manufacturers.
                (3) Rail network data platform firms.
                (4) A State or the District of Columbia.
                (5) A group of States.
                (6) An interstate compact.
                (7) A federally recognized Indian Tribe.
                (8) A public agency or publicly chartered authority
            established by 1 or more States.
                (9) A political subdivision of a State.
        (c) Eligible Use of Funds.--Funds provided under this section may
    be used by an eligible recipient for a project to carry out activities
    to purchase, install, maintain, or replace--
                (1) telematics systems or gateway devices;
                (2) positive train control upgrade systems;
                (3) wheel and bearing integrity and alignment failure
            detection and monitoring systems;
                (4) sensor-based systems, including train inspection
            portals;
                (5) locomotives used in switching service;
                (6) Tier III or higher locomotives used in switching
            service; and
                (7) technologies to allow train crew members to communicate
            while inspecting and riding equipment.
        (d) Applications.--
                (1) In general.--An eligible entity may submit to the
            Secretary an application for a grant under this section at such
            time, in such manner, and containing such information as the
            Secretary may require that relate to the purposes described in
            subsection (a).
                (2) Transparency.--The Secretary shall include, in any
            notice of funding availability relating to a grant under this
            section, a full description of the method by which applications
            under paragraph (1) will be evaluated.
        (e) Prioritization for Telematics Systems and Gateway Devices
    Grants.--
                (1) In general.--In selecting an eligible recipient for a
            grant under this section, the Secretary shall prioritize an
            eligible recipient that proposes to carry out a project
            described under subsection (c)(1).
                (2) Projects.--Of the prioritized projects under paragraph
            (1), the Secretary shall further prioritize, in the order
            listed, the following:
                        (A) Newly built railroad freight cars by a
                    qualified manufacturer in a qualified facility.
                        (B) Railroad freight cars entering a certification
                    event in a qualified facility.
                        (C) Railroad freight cars entering a shopping event
                    or maintenance event in a qualified facility.
                (3) Freight railcar type.--The Secretary shall ensure that
            each recipient receiving a grant for tank cars selects railroad
            freight cars for project activities in the following order of
            priority:
                        (A) Tank cars in the ``TIH/PIH'' (toxic inhalation
                    products) service.
                        (B) Tank cars in Class I, II, and III flammable
                    service.
                        (C) Tank cars in hazardous materials service.
                        (D) Tank cars in specialized service.
                        (E) Freight cars in hazardous materials service.
                        (F) Other freight cars.
        (f) Limitations.--
                (1) Requirements for railroad freight cars.--No funds
            provided by a grant under this section may be used for an
            activity relating to railroad freight cars that does not meet
            the requirements of section 20171 of title 49, United States
            Code.
                (2) Awards to entities.--The Secretary may not award more
            than 20 percent of amounts made available in this section for
            grants for each fiscal year to a single recipient.
                (3) Application costs.--The Secretary may not reimburse an
            eligible entity that receives funding under this section for
            any application preparation costs for a grant under this
            section.
        (g) Reports.--
                (1) Eligible entities.--Not later than 2 years after the
            date on which an eligible entity receives a grant under this
            section, and annually thereafter until the date on which the
            grant is expended, the eligible entity shall submit to the
            Secretary an implementation report that describes--
                        (A) the deployment of each project carried out by
                    the eligible entity; and
                        (B) the means by which each project carried out by
                    the eligible entity has met or addressed its intended
                    outcome, as projected in the grant application,
                    including--
                                (i) data describing the means by which the
                            project met the specific goals for the project;
                            and
                                (ii) recommendations for future deployment
                            strategies to improve safety or reduce cargo
                            theft.
                (2) Secretary.--
                        (A) Report to congress.--Not later than 3 years
                    after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary
                    shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
                    the Senate a report on the implementation and effects
                    of the grant pilot program established under this
                    section.
                        (B) Contents.--The report under subparagraph (A)
                    shall include--
                                (i) a description of each eligible entity
                            and award issued pursuant to this section;
                                (ii) the number of railroad freight cars
                            equipped with telematic systems or gateway
                            devices using funds provided under this
                            section;
                                (iii) the number of freight railroad routes
                            equipped with telematic systems or gateway
                            devices using funds provided under this
                            section;
                                (iv) the cost of equipping such cars or
                            rail right-of-way or adjacent right-of-way with
                            such systems or devices referenced in clause
                            (ii) or (iii) and any ongoing software
                            licensing or other maintenance and lifecycle
                            replacement costs;
                                (v) the number of safety incidents
                            involving such railcars reported to the Federal
                            Railroad Administration using funds provided
                            under this section;
                                (vi) anecdotal experience of grant
                            recipients relating to the deployment of any
                            technology or asset acquired under this
                            section; and
                                (vii) any legislative recommendations
                            related to the pilot program established under
                            this section.
                        (C) Public availability.--The report required under
                    subparagraph (A) shall, to the maximum extent
                    practicable, be made publicly available on the website
                    of the Department without compromising confidentiality
                    or security.
                        (D) Consultation.--In preparing the report required
                    under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consult
                    with Federal agencies and stakeholders, as appropriate,
                    to gather technical, operational, and safety-related
                    data.
        (h) Cost Share.--The Federal share of the cost of a grant award
    under this section shall be 50 percent of the total cost of the
    project.
        (i) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Certification event.--The term ``certification event''
            means a railroad freight car that is required by regulation to
            be recertified in a maintenance facility or qualified facility.
                (2) Gateway device.--The term ``gateway device'' means a
            network hardware or software node used in railroad monitoring
            telecommunications that--
                        (A) connects at least 2 networks with different
                    transmission protocols together;
                        (B) serves as an entry and exit point for a network
                    as all data collected from the railcar must pass
                    through or communicate with the gateway prior to being
                    routed;
                        (C) are distinct from routers or switches in that
                    such nodes communicate using more than 1 protocol to
                    connect multiple networks; and
                        (D) may be any device on a railroad freight car
                    that is embedded with electronics, software, sensors,
                    or other connectivity, that enables the device to
                    connect to, collect data from, or exchange data with
                    another device, including--
                                (i) railcar onboard telematics;
                                (ii) global positioning system satellite
                            and cellular location tracking systems;
                                (iii) railcar event status sensors;
                                (iv) railcar predictive component condition
                            and performance monitoring sensors; and
                                (v) similar technologies embedded into
                            railroad freight car components and sub-
                            assemblies.
                (3) Positive train control systems.--The term ``positive
            train control system'' has the meaning given such term in
            section 20157(i) of title 49, United States Code.
                (4) Shopping event.--The term ``shopping event'' means a
            railroad freight car that is undergoing regular or routine
            maintenance by a railcar maintenance facility or qualified
            facility.
                (5) Telematics system.--The term ``telematics system''
            means a technology that--
                        (A) relies on telecommunications, informatics, and
                    computer and data processing;
                        (B) generates data and informatics from gateway or
                    sensor devices fixed to railroad freight cars or
                    property on or adjacent to rail right-of-way and
                    provides for the exchange of information over a
                    distance that may use battery or solar-powered wireless
                    connections; and
                        (C) includes the method upon which railroad freight
                    cars are monitored by using global positioning system
                    technology through a gateway device or sensor using
                    onboard or wayside camera diagnostics to plot the
                    movements of such cars and, if applicable, gather
                    railcar equipment and train health and condition data
                    from other onboard or wayside camera railcar sensors
                    when applied.
                (6) Other terms.--The terms ``railroad freight car'',
            ``qualified facility'', ``qualified manufacturer'', and
            ``state-owned enterprise'' have the meaning given such terms in
            section 20171(a) of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 10409. VENT AND BURN REPORT UPDATES.

        (a) Implementation.--Not later than 30 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall take such actions as may be
    necessary to implement the recommendations of the National
    Transportation Safety Board numbered R-24-08 and R-24-09, issued on
    June 25, 2024.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation
    and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report detailing
    the implementation of the recommendations required under subsection
    (a).

    SEC. 10410. RAIL FREIGHT CARGO SECURITY ASSESSMENT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Railroad
    Administration shall initiate an assessment of security vulnerabilities
    affecting freight rail cargo, with a focus on protecting the national
    supply chain and reducing economic losses from organized theft and
    sabotage.
        (b) Contents.--The assessment under subsection (a) shall include--
                (1) an identification of high-risk corridors, yards,
            sidings, highway-rail grade crossings, and other infrastructure
            determined by the Administrator to be vulnerable to theft or
            tampering;
                (2) an evaluation by the Administrator of physical and
            operational security protocols and best practices used by
            freight railroad carriers, including the ability of train crews
            to monitor and communicate along the length of a train consist;
                (3) an assessment by the Administrator of the effects of
            rail cargo theft, including the effects on supply chains, the
            costs incurred by consumers, and the effects on regional
            commerce; and
                (4) recommendations of the Administrator with respect to
            improving security and resilience of freight rail cargo,
            including coordination strategies, voluntary guidance, and
            operational best practices.
        (c) Consultation.--In conducting the assessment under subsection
    (a), the Administrator may consult with--
                (1) freight rail carriers, including short line operators,
            Class I railroads, and Class II railroads (as defined in
            section 20102 of title 49, United States Code), and the police
            departments of such freight rail carriers;
                (2) State and local law enforcement and transportation
            agencies;
                (3) relevant Federal entities as determined appropriate by
            the Administrator; and
                (4) shippers, intermodal operators, and private sector
            supply chain stakeholders, including freight rail insurance
            providers.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report on the findings of the assessment under subsection (a) and
    including any recommendations of the Administrator with respect to
    security vulnerabilities affecting freight rail cargo.

    SEC. 10411. 50-YEAR RULE REVISION.

        (a) Rulemaking.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall finalize the
            rulemaking described in the notice of proposed rulemaking
            issued on July 1, 2025, titled ``Repealing Special Approval
            Requirement for Freight Cars More Than 50 Years Old'' (90 Fed.
            Reg. 28633).
                (2) Limitation.--The rulemaking required under paragraph
            (1) shall not impose any additional paperwork, testing, or
            inspection requirements for such railroad freight cars on
            railcar manufacturers, railcar owners, or railroads than were
            required for any railroad freight car that is not more than 50
            years old on July 1, 2025.
        (b) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section shall prohibit the
    Secretary from issuing an emergency order regarding any railroad
    freight car that is more than 50 years old, measured from the date of
    original construction, under section 20104 of title 49, United States
    Code.

    SEC. 10412. SELF-CONTAINED PROPELLED FREIGHT VEHICLE.

        (a) Rulemaking.--Not later than the earlier of 1 year after the
    date of enactment of this Act or completion of the self-propelled rail
    vehicle Test Program in Federal Railroad Administration Docket Number
    FRA 2023-00666, the Secretary shall issue a notice of proposed
    rulemaking to issue safety regulations for self-contained propelled
    freight vehicles.
        (b) Self-Contained Propelled Freight Vehicle.--In issuing a final
    rule resulting from the proposed rulemaking noticed under subsection
    (a), the Secretary, in response to public comments, shall consider in
    the definition of a self-contained propelled freight car, a railcar
    that--
                (1) is designed and primarily intended to be used to
            transport freight;
                (2) is autonomous or remotely controlled, and does not
            carry crew or passengers;
                (3) operates singularly or in coordinated multiple-unit
            consist that may or may not include traditional railcars or
            locomotives;
                (4) is self-propelled and equipped with onboard propulsion
            and braking technologies on each unit, or on separate units
            when operated as part of a consist; and
                (5) does not transport any hazardous materials.

    SEC. 10413. RAILROAD SAFETY ADVISORY COMMITTEE EVALUATION OF NATIONAL
                  ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES, ENGINEERING, AND MEDICINE
                  FINDINGS.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of
    the Federal Railroad Administration, shall convene a working group
    within the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee under section 20124 of
    title 49, United States Code, to develop recommendations on trains of
    varying lengths, including--
                (1) methods and technologies that can be implemented by a
            railroad carrier to improve the capabilities, competencies, and
            training that train crews and other railroad employees require
            for safe operation, assembly, and inspection; and
                (2) technological means performance standards to ensure
            train crew members have the capability to communicate with the
            entirety of the train, including while inspecting and riding
            equipment, in a manner that is continuously maintained and does
            not create personal safety hazards.
        (b) Regulatory Approach.--In developing recommendations under this
    section, the working group shall--
                (1) ensure that such recommendations and findings are--
                        (A) supported by evidence; and
                        (B) support the safe and efficient operation of
                    varying train lengths;
                (2) consider economic impacts of such recommendations; and
                (3) evaluate impacts of such recommendations on communities
            affected by freight rail movements, first responders, and
            railroad employees.
        (c) Data.--For the report required under subsection (d), the
    Secretary shall evaluate the information provided pursuant to section
    22421(b) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (49 U.S.C. 20901
    note), in conjunction with FRA Safety Advisory 2023-03, issued by the
    Federal Railroad Administration on May 2, 2023 (88 Fed. Reg. 27570),
    and the recommendations of the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee.
        (d) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, a
    report containing the findings and recommendations developed under this
    section, and shall make such findings and recommendations available to
    the public on the website of the Federal Railroad Administration.

    SEC. 10414. BLOCKED CROSSINGS.

        (a) Blocked Crossing Portal.--Section 22404 of the Infrastructure
    Investment and Jobs Act (49 U.S.C. 22907 note) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``3-year'';
                (2) by striking subsection (h) and inserting the following:
        ``(h) Use of Blocked Crossing Portal Data for Grant
    Considerations.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may use the frequency and
            severity of verified blocked crossing incidents in the blocked
            crossing portal maintained under this section to evaluate
            projects that would reduce the frequency or severity of such
            incidents when selecting grant recipients under sections 22907
            and 22909 of title 49, United States Code.
                ``(2) Evaluation.--In carrying out this subsection, the
            Secretary shall evaluate projects described in paragraph (1) in
            the following order:
                        ``(A) There are verified delays of more than 10
                    minutes affecting State or local emergency services and
                    there are no alternate public highway-rail grade
                    separation routes within a half mile by road.
                        ``(B) There are no alternate public highway-rail
                    grade separation routes within a half mile by road.
                ``(3) Blocked crossing incident defined.--In this
            subsection, the term `blocked crossing incident' means a
            circumstance in which a train, locomotive, rail car, or other
            rail equipment is stopped in a manner that obstructs travel at
            a public highway-rail grade crossing, not caused by factors
            beyond the reasonable control of the railway operator.''; and
                (3) by striking subsections (j) and (k) and inserting the
            following:
        ``(j) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be
    construed to invalidate any authority of the Secretary with respect to
    blocked highway-rail grade crossings.''.
        (b) Investigations of Frequently Blocked Crossings.--
                (1) In general.--Based on an analysis of data submitted to
            the blocked crossing portal established and maintained under
            section 22404 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (49
            U.S.C. 22907 note), the Secretary shall take the following
            actions with respect to any public highway-rail grade crossing
            for which there have been 3 or more reported blocked crossing
            incidents within a 30-day period:
                        (A) Provide electronic notice to the railroad
                    carrier that owns or operates over the public highway-
                    rail grade crossing of the number and frequency of
                    reported blocked crossing incidents.
                        (B) In consultation with the railroad carrier,
                    which shall be required to maintain data for blocked
                    crossings for not more than 60 days, examine the causes
                    of the blocked crossing incidents.
                        (C) Identify and evaluate voluntary, practicable
                    measures to reduce the frequency and duration of
                    blocked crossing incidents at the grade crossing.
                        (D) Assess eligibility for Federal financial
                    assistance, including under sections 22907 and 22909 of
                    title 49, United States Code.
                        (E) Consider the availability and adequacy of
                    alternative routes, including whether reasonably
                    accessible and safe routes exist to allow the traveling
                    public, including emergency responders, to circumvent
                    the blocked crossing.
                (2) Blocked crossing incident defined.--In this subsection,
            the term ``blocked crossing incident'' means a circumstance in
            which a train, locomotive, rail car, or other rail equipment is
            stopped in a manner that obstructs travel at a public highway-
            rail grade crossing, not caused by factors beyond the
            reasonable control of the railway operator.
        (c) Publication of Blocked Crossing Information.--Not later than 60
    days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Federal Railroad
    Administration shall publish on the home page of the publicly-available
    website of the Administration an active link to the blocked crossing
    portal established and maintained under section 22404 of the
    Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (49 U.S.C. 22907 note).
        (d) Railroad Point of Contact for Blocked Crossing Matters.--
    Section 20152 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at
    the end the following:
        ``(c) Railroad Point of Contact for Blocked Crossing Matters.--The
    Secretary shall make any telephone service established under subsection
    (a) publicly available on the website of the Department of
    Transportation.''.
        (e) Public Engagement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment, the Secretary shall engage with State and local emergency
    services to--
                (1) provide accessible resources on best practices to
            reduce first responder delays at rail crossings;
                (2) collaborate with railroads on identifying critical
            crossings for first responders and possible operational
            changes; and
                (3) promote the adoption and increased use of real-time and
            predictive rail crossing information.

    SEC. 10415. CIVIL PENALTIES.

        (a) Civil Penalties Related to Transporting Hazardous Materials.--
    Section 5123(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph
            (A), by striking ``$75,000'' and inserting ``$150,000''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$175,000'' and
            inserting ``$350,000''.
        (b) General Violations of Chapter 201.--Section 21301(a)(2) of
    title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``$25,000.'' and inserting ``$50,000''; and
                (2) by striking ``$100,000.'' and inserting ``$200,000''.
        (c) Accident and Incident Violations of Chapter 201; Violations of
    Chapters 203 Through 209.--Section 21302(a) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``203-209'' each place it
            appears and inserting ``203 through 209''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting
                    ``$50,000''; and
                        (B) by striking ``$100,000'' and inserting
                    ``$200,000''.
        (d) Violations of Chapter 211.--Section 21303(a)(2) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting ``$50,000''; and
                (2) by striking ``$100,000'' and inserting ``$200,000''.

    SEC. 10416. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES.

        (a) Report to Congress.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Railroad
    Administration shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report that
    includes--
                (1) the rate and causes of rail tank car pressure relief
            device failures in a derailment event including information and
            variables relating to each event, including--
                        (A) the number of tank cars involved in such
                    derailment;
                        (B) whether or not the event included a fire;
                        (C) in the case of a fire, the temperature and
                    duration of the fire;
                        (D) the length of the time of use before, and
                    circumstances of, the failure of a pressure relief
                    device; and
                        (E) with respect to each pressure relief device
                    that failed--
                                (i) an assessment of the compatibility of
                            the device with each commodity transported by a
                            tank car involved in such derailment;
                                (ii) an assessment of the ability of the
                            device to survive high heat conditions,
                            including any thermal protection used on the
                            device for such conditions; and
                                (iii) identification of the orientation of
                            the device in each tank car, including whether
                            the orientation is--
                                        (I) above or below the vapor line;
                                    or
                                        (II) in the liquid space;
                (2) recommendations to prevent or reduce the incidence of
            rail tank car pressure relief device failures;
                (3) the status of any recommendations issued by the
            National Transportation Safety Board, including any
            recommendations issued during the period beginning on the date
            of enactment of this Act and ending on the date on which the
            Administrator initiates the report; and
                (4) additional factors and issues identified by the
            Administrator upon consultation with entities described in
            subsection (b).
        (b) Consultation Required.--In developing the report under
    subsection (a), the Administrator shall consult with--
                (1) the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous
            Materials Safety Administration;
                (2) rail employers;
                (3) organizations representing rail employees;
                (4) rail tank car builders, shippers, and owners; and
                (5) organizations representing rail tank car builders, rail
            employers, shippers, and owners.

    SEC. 10417. FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION SAFETY WORKFORCE.

        (a) Additional Rail Safety Employees.--The Administrator of the
    Federal Railroad Administration shall maintain not less than 713 rail
    safety employees in the Office of Safety of the Administration, which
    includes safety inspectors, in the following disciplines:
                (1) Hazardous Materials.
                (2) Track.
                (3) Motive power and equipment.
                (4) Signals and train control.
                (5) Operating practices.
                (6) Rail grade crossings.
        (b) Report to Congress.--The Administrator of the Federal Railroad
    Administration shall include a breakdown of the Office of Safety
    personnel by discipline as described in subsection (a) as part of the
    annual budget justification of the Federal Railroad Administration,
    including an explanation for any variation compared to the authorized
    number of rail safety employees.

    SEC. 10418. FRA SAFETY INSPECTOR AND SPECIALIST REVIEW.

        (a) Review.--The Administrator of the Federal Railroad
    Administration, in consultation with the Director of the Office of
    Personnel Management, shall review the position descriptions and pay
    grades of railroad safety inspection personnel and railroad safety
    specialist employed by the Office of Railroad Safety.
        (b) Contents of Review.--In conducting the review under subsection
    (a), the Administrator shall--
                (1) consider whether the descriptions of the positions
            described in subsection (a) accurately reflect the scope of
            work and duties of the personnel and specialists in such
            positions, including the role and use of new technologies on
            such work and duties;
                (2) compare the pay grades of personnel and specialists in
            such positions to the pay grades of personnel employed by other
            Department of Transportation agencies and the National
            Transportation Safety Board who have comparable scopes of work,
            responsibilities, and duties;
                (3) assess whether the Administration experiences
            difficulty in recruiting or retaining personnel and specialists
            in such positions and identify the reasons for such difficulty;
                (4) assess differences in pay, benefits, and other relevant
            factors between personnel and specialists in such positions and
            personnel in similar positions in the private railroad sector;
            and
                (5) assess whether existing classification authorities, pay
            flexibilities, and retention incentives should be revised to
            achieve and maintain adequate staffing levels of qualified
            personnel.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report that--
                (1) summarizes the findings of the review required under
            this section;
                (2) describes how the Administration plans to update the
            position descriptions of railroad safety inspection personnel
            and railroad safety specialists to accurately reflect the scope
            of the work and duties; and
                (3) describes any administrative or legislative actions the
            Administrator determines may be necessary to address identified
            recruitment or retention challenges with respect to the
            employment of such personnel and specialists.

    SEC. 10419. FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION SAFETY CULTURE.

        (a) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the inspector general of the Department shall--
                (1) conduct a review of the safety culture of the Federal
            Railroad Administration using the framework developed by the
            Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organisation for Economic Co-
            operation and Development; and
                (2) submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on
            Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives a report that contains the findings of such
            review and includes recommendations for improving the safety
            culture of the Federal Railroad Administration.
        (b) Considerations.--In conducting the review under subsection
    (a)(1), the inspector general shall consider the impacts of the Federal
    Railroad Administration's--
                (1) current and previous organization and structure on its
            statutory mission; and
                (2) workforce policies.
        (c) Action Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    submission of the report required under subsection (a)(2), the
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and
    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives an action plan
    describing actions the Secretary may undertake in response to the
    recommendations and findings of such report.

    SEC. 10420. CONFIDENTIAL CLOSE CALL REPORTING.

        (a) Confidential Close Call Reporting System Required.--Not later
    than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary
    shall initiate a rulemaking to establish a confidential close call
    reporting system that requires each Class I freight railroad carrier
    to--
                (1) enter into an implementing memorandum of understanding
            (in this section referred to as an ``IMOU'') with the Secretary
            and employees (or any nonprofit employee labor organization
            representing a class or craft of the railroad's employees) to
            participate in a confidential close call reporting system
            program (in this section referred to as the ``C\3\RS
            Program''); and
                (2) comply with--
                        (A) the requirements of the IMOU; and
                        (B) any additional requirements the Secretary may
                    prescribe.
        (b) Confidential Close Call Reporting System.--
                (1) Reporting of unsafe events.--An IMOU entered into under
            this section shall provide a process for railroad employees to
            report a close call event to an independent third party, as
            determined by the Secretary
                (2) Reporting procedures.--
                        (A) Report form.--The independent third party
                    designated under paragraph (1) shall provide a
                    reporting form to employees covered by a memorandum of
                    understanding under subsection (a) to report each
                    observed close call event in detail, including
                    information such as the date, time, location,
                    contributing factors, actions taken, along with any
                    other information necessary to fully describe the
                    event.
                        (B) Multiple events.--To report multiple close call
                    events experienced during a single tour of duty, the
                    IMOU shall require that a separate close call report
                    form is required for each event.
                        (C) Public form.--The designated independent third
                    party shall make available on a public website a report
                    form for a close call event that includes instructions
                    on the submission of such form.
        (c) Screening Required.--
                (1) In general.--The designated independent third party
            shall conduct an initial screening of reports submitted under
            subsection (b) to determine if the initial close call report
            contains insufficient information to determine acceptance. If
            the designated independent third party determines that--
                        (A) the report contains insufficient information,
                    the designated independent third party shall notify the
                    reporting employee that the report contains
                    insufficient information; and
                        (B) the report can be accepted, the designated
                    independent third party shall notify the reporting
                    employee with a physical confirmation of the report's
                    acceptance and provide a report number or ID strip as
                    confirmation of the acceptance.
                (2) Criteria for close call report acceptance.--In
            conducting the initial screening under this subsection, the
            designated independent third party--
                        (A) may accept any report for a close call event;
                    and
                        (B) may reject the following types of reports:
                                (i) Any train incident that meets the train
                            incident reporting threshold in effect on the
                            date the reported event occurred.
                                (ii) Any reported close call event that
                            caused or is alleged to have caused any
                            fatality, injury, illness, or medical treatment
                            of any kind to any individual (including
                            passengers) involved in the event.
                                (iii) Reports unrelated to the safety of
                            activities performed in support of railroad
                            operations.
                                (iv) Willful violations of part A of
                            subtitle V of title 49, United States Code, and
                            any rules, regulations, orders, and standards
                            issued pursuant to such part, including
                            violations related to the use of alcohol and
                            controlled substances.
                                (v) An event resulting in an identifiable
                            release of hazardous material.
                                (vi) Acts of sabotage or other criminal
                            offenses.
                                (vii) Report that exclusively involve a
                            personal grievance, including--
                                        (I) a rejected time slip; or
                                        (II) perceived unfairness by a
                                    railroad manager or supervisor.
                                (viii) Reports not filed within 3 business
                            days of the date on which the event occurred.
        (d) Reporting Employee Protections.--
                (1) Confidentiality.--A close call report submitted under
            this section by an employee shall not be disclosed in a
            personally identifiable form.
                (2) Personally identifiable information.--For purposes of
            section 552 of title 5, United States Code, the identity of an
            employee who submitted a close call report under this section,
            or information that could lead to the identification of such an
            employee, shall be exempt from such section.
        (e) Condition Under Which a Reporting Employee Is Not Protected
    From Railroad Discipline, Railroad Revocation of Certification, or
    Other FRA Civil Enforcement.--
                (1) Second screening.--For each accepted close call report,
            a peer review team shall conduct a second screening to
            determine whether the reporting employee is protected from
            discipline, revocation of certification, or FRA civil
            enforcement.
                (2) Determination criteria.--The PRT shall determine that
            the protection described under paragraph (1) is afforded to a
            reporting employee for a reported event unless 1 or more of the
            following conditions occurred:
                        (A) The report is rejected under subsection
                    (c)(2)(B), or the PRT has information that was
                    unavailable to the designated independent third party
                    during the initial screening indicating the report
                    should have been rejected under subsection (c)(2)(B).
                        (B) The employee's action or lack of action was
                    intended to damage the railroad or another entity's
                    operations or equipment or to injure other individuals,
                    or intentionally place an individual in danger,
                    including sabotage.
                        (C) The event is a real time observation not
                    eligible for reporting as described in subsection (k).
        (f) Revocation of Certification.--The Administrator of the FRA
    shall not require the railroad employing the reporting employee to
    revoke the certification of the employee if--
                (1) such report is accepted by the designated independent
            third party; and
                (2) the PRT determines that none of the conditions
            described in subsection (e)(2) occurred.
        (g) Railroad Protections.--
                (1) Civil enforcement action.--The Administrator of the FRA
            shall afford the same protection from FRA civil enforcement
            action to a railroad involved in a close call event as the
            protection afforded to an employee reporting through the
            confidential close call reporting system for any event for
            which an accepted close call report is filed.
                (2) Exception.--If an employee report falls under an
            exception under subsection (e)(2) and the reporting employee is
            not afforded protection, the employing railroad shall not
            receive protection from FRA civil enforcement.
        (h) Collection and Confidentiality of Reported Information.--
                (1) Maintenance of information reported under program.--The
            designated independent third party shall act as the owner of
            the information a reporting employee reports under the
            confidential close call reporting program and shall protect the
            confidentiality of such information.
                (2) Compiled confidential report.--The designated
            independent third party shall compile into a unified document
            all information relevant to the reported close call event,
            including information from the close call report and all other
            information collected by the designated independent third party
            through follow-up calls, for further analysis by the PRT.
                (3) Protection from disclosure.--The designated independent
            third party shall de-identify the unified document so that the
            identity of the reporting employee and any other involved
            employee, individual, or third party involved in the report can
            no longer be determined. At minimum, the following shall be
            removed:
                        (A) The employee close call report form and the
                    content of such form.
                        (B) The name of the individual reporting on such
                    event.
                        (C) The name of any other employee mentioned in the
                    report.
                        (D) Any third-party identifying information.
                        (E) Any information that would make it obvious that
                    fewer than 3 easily identifiable individuals could have
                    submitted the close call report, including--
                                (i) the exact location and time of a close
                            call; and
                                (ii) a description of specific, rarely used
                            equipment models.
                (4) Limitation on provision of report to railroad.--In any
            case in which the designated independent third party is unable
            to protect the confidentiality of the reporter or any other
            employee, individual, or third party involved in the event the
            designated independent third party shall not forward the report
            to the PRT.
                (5) Publicly-available database.--After providing a unified
            document to the PRT, the designated independent third party may
            upload the report to a searchable database available to the
            public, provided that the report does not contain any
            information that could identify the railroad involved.
                (6) Perpetuity of confidentiality.--The confidentiality of
            the information collected under this section shall be preserved
            in perpetuity.
                (7) Limitation on access and ownership of information.--The
            designated independent third party may grant all internal
            third-party C\3\RS Program staff access to confidential
            information for internal use only on a need-to-know basis and
            only for the purposes of completing their work assignments.
                (8) Additional.--In any case in which a railroad employee
            is unaware that such employee was involved in a close call
            event that was properly reported by another employee, upon
            notification by the investigating railroad officer, the
            railroad employee may--
                        (A) complete and submit a close call report
                    containing any information known to such railroad
                    employee regarding such event; and
                        (B) upon submission of a report described in
                    subparagraph (A), receive the same protections as the
                    individual who initially reported the close call.
        (i) Limitation on Witness Testimony.--An employee who has received
    protection from the adverse actions described in subsection (e) shall
    not be required by the railroad to appear as a witness in a railroad
    investigation of an employee who did not file a close call report.
        (j) Requirements Involving ID Strip.--
                (1) Lost or misplaced id strip.--If a reporting employee
            facing discipline has lost or misplaced the ID strip assigned
            under subsection (c)(1)(C), the reporting employee may request
            a verification letter from the designated independent third
            party. The designated independent third party shall provide the
            letter as soon as is practicable.
                (2) Discipline pending investigation.--In any case in which
            a railroad initiates an investigation of a close call report, a
            railroad shall not carry out any disciplinary action until an
            ID strip is issued with respect to such report.
                (3) Id strip applicability.--Upon availability of an ID
            strip for a close call event, the reporting employee shall
            present the ID strip to the charging railroad manager or
            supervisor. If such railroad manager or supervisor determines
            that the provided ID strip applies to the event, the railroad
            shall close the discipline portion of the investigation into
            the event. If the railroad manager or supervisor and employee
            do not agree that the ID strip is applicable to the event and
            the employee presents a copy of the ID strip to the PRT, the
            PRT shall determine whether the event qualifies for protection
            against discipline, certification revocation, and FRA civil
            enforcement under this section.
                (4) Dismissal of charges.--If the PRT determines the event
            qualifies for discipline protection under this section, the
            railroad shall dismiss all charges or assessed discipline,
            including any revocation of certification, and all lost time
            shall be paid.
                (5) Nonqualification for certain protection.--If the PRT
            determines the event does not qualify for discipline
            protection, the PRT shall advise the charging railroad manager
            or supervisor and the time limits for initiating disciplinary
            proceedings may commence. In the case of a disciplinary
            proceeding described in the preceding sentence, no party to the
            applicable IMOU may use or reference the close call report in
            any disciplinary or revocation proceeding.
                (6) Civil enforcement.--Upon receiving notice of an FRA
            civil enforcement for an event covered by an accepted close
            call report, the reporting employee shall present the ID strip
            to the FRA for assistance in resolving such notice consistent
            with the confidential close call reporting system.
        (k) Real-time Observations.--
                (1) Time limitation.--In any case in which a real-time
            observation is made by a railroad manager or supervisor, the
            railroad manager or supervisor shall inform the observed
            employee of the observation as soon as possible, but not to
            exceed 2 hours from the time of the observation of the event.
                (2) Violation of regulation or procedure.--A close call
            event may be considered a real-time observation if an FRA
            safety inspector notifies the observed employee or the
            applicable railroad after observing the violation of a
            regulation or the railroad's operating procedures or practices.
                (3) Requirements.--In reporting a real-time observation
            under this subsection, an FRA Safety Inspector shall document
            the time, date, location, and a description of the observation
            on an FRA inspection report. Such FRA Safety Inspector shall
            provide a copy of the inspection report to the appropriate
            railroad officer not later than 24 hours after the observation.
        (l) Special Criteria for Known Event Reporting.--The following
    special criteria apply:
                (1) A report involving a known event is an eligible close
            call event.
                (2) An employee shall provide notification of the known
            event in accordance with the railroad carrier's operating rules
            without undue delay.
                (3) An employee will file a close call report involving a
            known event to designated independent third party within the
            time limits set forth in subsection (c).
                (4) The employing railroad of an employee who files a
            report involving a known event shall not initiate any
            discipline for an event such employee report to the designated
            independent third party and that the designated independent
            third party accepts.
        (m) Oversight and Non-access Requirements.--
                (1) Oversight by fra.--The Administrator of the FRA--
                        (A) shall oversee the scope and quality of the
                    C\3\RS Program; and
                        (B) shall not seek any information that may reveal
                    the identity of any individuals, organizations,
                    locations, or events included in a close call report.
                (2) Nonaccess by railroads.--No Class I railroad may have
            access to, or seek out, any information relating to a close
            call report that may reveal the identity of any individual or
            third party included in a close call report.
        (n) Functions of PRT.--A PRT's primary responsibility shall be to
    accept for review de-identified close call reports from the designated
    independent third party, and to analyze such reports in order to--
                (1) identify and analyze emerging patterns or trends in
            close call reports, relate such patterns or trends to
            corrective actions taken by the railroad carrier, and advise
            and assist with the implementation of corrective actions;
                (2) create, review, and discuss a summary report comprised
            of the individual close call reports, emerging trends,
            identified root causes, and suggested corrective actions;
                (3) assess the association between emerging patterns or
            trends in close call reports and relate such patterns or trends
            to corrective actions taken by the railroad carrier;
                (4) review and determine whether close call reports are
            eligible for protections against discipline, certification
            revocation, or civil enforcement under this section, including
            determining whether reported events are ineligible for
            protection as described in subsection (e)(2); and
                (5) ensure adherence to time limits within an IMOU.
        (o) Responsibilities of the PRT Support Team.--The responsibilities
    of the PRT and, as applicable, the PRT support team shall include--
                (1) evaluating and, if appropriate, implementing corrective
            actions the PRT recommends in a timely manner;
                (2) providing technical support to the PRT, including
            during implementation of PRT-recommended corrective actions;
                (3) reviewing PRT decisions and providing feedback to the
            PRT, parties to the IMOU, and other stakeholders;
                (4) reporting corrective actions the railroad carrier
            implements to the PRT or reporting why no action was taken;
                (5) distributing information regarding the corrective
            actions to the employees at the locations to which an IMOU
            applies; and
                (6) reporting on the measured effectiveness of corrective
            actions to the PRT.
        (p) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Adverse consequence.--The term ``adverse consequence''
            means a negative impact that results from a human error or
            system failure.
                (2) Certification.--The term ``certification'' means--
                        (A) the qualification and certification of
                    locomotive engineers under part 240 of title 49, Code
                    of Federal Regulations, and the qualification and
                    certification of conductors under part 242 of title 49,
                    Code of Federal Regulations; and
                        (B) the qualification and certification of any
                    other craft of railroad employees under regulations
                    issued by Secretary or Administrator of the FRA.
                (3) Class i freight railroad.--The term ``Class I freight
            railroad'' means a freight railroad that in the last year for
            which revenues were reported exceeded the threshold established
            under regulations of the Surface Transportation Board under
            section 1201.1-1 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (4) Close call.--The term ``close call'' means a condition,
            event, or series of events that--
                        (A) if the condition or event recurs, such
                    condition or event has the potential to result in an
                    adverse consequence that is of increased seriousness to
                    railroad safety; and
                        (B) an action taken to mitigate the recurrence of
                    such condition or event may improve safety in support
                    of railroad operations.
                (5) Discipline.--The term ``discipline'' means any action
            taken by a Class I freight railroad that would result in a
            materially adverse employment action including documented
            verbal or written conferences, counseling, warnings,
            suspension, termination, dismissal, and demotion.
                (6) FRA.--The term ``FRA'' means the Federal Railroad
            Administration.
                (7) Fra safety inspector.--The term ``FRA Safety
            Inspector'' means--
                        (A) an FRA safety inspector;
                        (B) a State inspector participating in railroad
                    safety investigative and surveillance activities under
                    part 212 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations; or
                        (C) any other official duly authorized by the
                    Administrator of the FRA.
                (8) Hazardous material.--The term ``hazardous material''
            means a commodity designated as a hazardous material under part
            72 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (9) ID strip.--The term ``ID strip'' means the information
            contained in a close call report form that specifies the event
            location and the reporting employee's personal and contact
            information that the designated independent third party dates
            and time stamps.
                (10) Intercity rail passenger transportation; commuter
            authority.--The terms ``intercity rail passenger
            transportation'' and ``commuter authority'' have the meanings
            given such terms in section 24102 of title 49, United State
            Code.
                (11) Known event.--The term ``known event'' means an event
            below the train incident reporting threshold that does not
            involve a fatality, injury, illness, or medical treatment, but
            would require managerial notification and protection under
            railroad policy or operating rules.
                (12) Designated independent third party.--The term
            ``designated independent third party'' means a federal agency
            designated by the Secretary to administer the C\3\RS program.
            Such agency must have with experience managing close call
            safety reporting programs.
                (13) Need-to-know.--The term ``need-to-know'' means any
            case in which internal designated independent third-party
            C\3\RS Program staff (including designated independent third
            party employees and contractors) may have access to information
            only if such access is necessary for Program management and
            programmatic evaluation and analysis that is administered by
            designated independent third party and access to which is
            granted in the sole discretion of the designated independent
            third party Program manager.
                (14) Peer review team; prt.--The terms ``peer review team''
            and ``PRT'' mean a problem-solving team that consists of--
                        (A) representatives from the primary stakeholders
                    to an IMOU, including FRA, the railroad carrier, and
                    representatives of the employees who are part to the
                    IMOU;
                        (B) an equal number of management and labor
                    organization members who will be appointed and approved
                    by their respective organizations, and also consist of
                    FRA personnel; and
                        (C) for each primary stakeholder, at least 1
                    primary PRT representative who attends PRT meetings and
                    1 secondary PRT representative who serves as a back-up
                    to the primary PRT representative or representatives.
                (15) Peer review support team; prt support team.--The terms
            ``peer review support team'' and ``PRT support team'' means a
            support team that--
                        (A) helps a PRT review and, if appropriate,
                    recommend non-binding corrective actions based upon the
                    PRT's analysis of close call reports; and
                        (B) may, in recommending corrective action, accept,
                    reject, or modify these recommendations;
                        (C) consists of an equal number of management and
                    labor organization members who will be appointed and
                    approved by their respective organizations; and
                        (D) may include FRA representatives that
                    participate in the PRT support team when requested,
                    including upon the request of the FRA.
                (16) Railroad manager or supervisor.--The term ``railroad
            manager or supervisor'' means an individual with direct
            supervisory authority over--
                        (A) an employee involved in a close call event; or
                        (B) an employee reporting a close call event.
                (17) Railroad operations.--The term ``railroad operations''
            means the movement of equipment over rails and activities that
            support such movement, including deadheading as defined in
            section 228.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                (18) Real-time observation.--The term ``real-time
            observation'' means a direct visual observance by an FRA safety
            inspector or a Class I freight railroad manager or supervisor
            of a violation of FRA regulations or the operating procedures
            or practices of such Class I freight railroad, including visual
            observances that occur during operational testing performed by
            a supervisor or member of management of such railroad.
                (19) Train incident reporting threshold.--The term ``train
            incident reporting threshold'' means the monetary incident
            reporting threshold described in section 225.19(c) of title 49,
            Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 10421. WAYSIDE EMPLOYEE PROTECTION.

        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary shall issue or update such regulations as are necessary to
    require that all railroads provide task and environment warning
    equipment to railroad watchmen and lookouts for roadway workers,
    including--
                (1) whistles;
                (2) air horns;
                (3) white disks or red flags; and
                (4) lanterns.

    SEC. 10422. SAFETY ENFORCEMENT TRANSPARENCY.

        (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 201 of title 49, United
    States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 20173. Safety enforcement transparency
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall, on a quarterly basis,
    publish a summary of all proposed and final railroad carrier
    enforcement actions taken by the Secretary that result from a
    reportable incident.
        ``(b) Contents.--In each summary required to be published under
    subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
                ``(1) identify the railroad carrier involved in the
            enforcement action, the type of alleged violation, the penalty
            or penalties proposed, the status of the case, the final
            assessment amount of each penalty, and the reasons for a
            reduction in the proposed penalty, if appropriate; and
                ``(2) include materials submitted by a railroad carrier
            named in an enforcement action that are related to the
            enforcement action that such railroad carrier requests to be
            published in the summary.
        ``(c) Electronic Availability.--The Secretary shall make each
    summary required to be published under subsection (a) available in a
    publicly searchable online database on a publicly available website.
        ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to require the disclosure of information or records that are
    exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 201 of title 49,
    United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end:

    ``20173. Safety enforcement transparency.''.

    SEC. 10423. REPORTS ON HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE CROSSING SAFETY AND
                  TRESPASSER PREVENTION.

        Section 20167 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (4) by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph
                    (6); and
                        (C) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
                ``(5) how the State will work with stakeholders, including
            railroads operating in and across the State, to reduce
            pedestrian fatalities, including suicides, along railroad right
            of way, in consultation with mental health and law enforcement
            agencies and entities; and''; and
                (2) in subsection (b) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)
            by inserting ``and every 5 years thereafter,'' before ``the
            Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration''.

    SEC. 10424. LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEER TRAINING.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall update section 240.123 of title 49,
    Code of Federal Regulations to--
                (1) require that each railroad carrier subject to such
            section provides training to all certified locomotive engineers
            on the manual operation of locomotives for the types of
            operations the employee is to perform;
                (2) require that each certified locomotive engineer receive
            annual refresher training in manual operation in a locomotive
            cab on a route that engineer is certified to operate on;
                (3) ensure that systems and controls, including
            information, indications, and announcements, minimize non-
            emergency, distractions for train crews;
                (4) allow certified locomotive engineers to operate
            locomotives in manual mode if, in the determination of the
            engineer, the engineer needs to operate in manual mode to
            maintain the safe operation of the train during hazardous
            safety or security conditions;
                (5) require that no employee certified as a locomotive
            engineer shall be subject to discipline from a railroad carrier
            for opting to operate a locomotive in manual mode per the
            requirements of this section unless such employee is determined
            to have committed--
                        (A) a willful violation of part A of subtitle V of
                    title 49, United States Code, and any rules,
                    regulations, orders, and standards issued pursuant to
                    such part, including violations related to the use of
                    alcohol and controlled substances; or
                        (B) an act of sabotage or other criminal offenses;
                    and
                (6) require a railroad adopt policies related to, and
            provide appropriate equipment for, an operator of a locomotives
            to communicate emergency information to the railroad
            dispatcher.

    SEC. 10425. ASSESSMENT OF TRACK SAFETY.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall conduct an
    assessment of track safety standards under section 213.4 of title 49,
    Code of Federal Regulations.
        (b) Scope.--In carrying out the assessment under subsection (a),
    the Comptroller General shall--
                (1) assess whether current regulations are sufficient to
            ensure excepted track is properly designated;
                (2) assess the impact of regulating excepted track on
            supply chains, potential shifts in modal movements, and
            railroad operations and infrastructure, including the potential
            for track abandonment;
                (3) determine how many rail-miles of track are designated
            as excepted track at the time of the assessment, including how
            many miles of excepted track--
                        (A) are located in each State; and
                        (B) has been in excepted track status for more than
                    5 years;
                (4) evaluate the costs and benefits of requiring excepted
            track to be inspected at the same frequency as track that has
            not been designated as excepted; and
                (5) assess the costs and benefits of prohibiting the
            movement of hazardous materials on excepted track.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after initiating the assessment
    under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report containing the results of such
    assessment.

    SEC. 10426. REVIEW OF TRAIN DISPATCHING TECHNOLOGIES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall review and evaluate the safety and
    effectiveness of various computerized train-dispatching systems.
        (b) Inclusions.--In carrying out the review under subsection (a),
    the Secretary shall include an assessment and evaluation of--
                (1) with respect to each computerized train dispatching
            system--
                        (A) the safety, reliability, and performance of
                    such systems;
                        (B) the cost and benefit of acquiring and operating
                    such systems;
                        (C) the inspection, testing, and maintenance of
                    such systems, including verification and evaluation of
                    hardware, software, and human-machine interface
                    components upgrades;
                        (D) the interoperability and integration of such
                    systems with train control systems, including positive
                    train control where applicable;
                        (E) the current practices used by rail carriers as
                    backup to address incidents in which such a system is
                    unexpectedly offline; and
                (2) whether any additional legislative authorities or
            enforcement mechanisms are needed by the Secretary to ensure
            rail carriers are in compliance with Federal laws and
            regulations of such systems.
        (c) Consultation.--In carrying out the review under subsection (a),
    the Secretary shall consult with--
                (1) manufacturers of centralized train dispatching systems;
                (2) railroad carriers that use such systems; and
                (3) organizations representing employees who use such
            systems.
        (d) Report.--The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report containing the findings of the review under subsection (a).
        (e) Computerized Train-dispatching System Defined.--In this
    section, the term ``computerized train-dispatching system'' means any
    computer-aided dispatching platform, centralized traffic control board,
    or related technology used to authorize, control, protect, or direct
    the movement of trains, on-track equipment, or roadway workers on a
    railroad.

    SEC. 10427. INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REVIEW.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the inspector general of the Department shall complete a
    study to determine whether current statutes and Federal Railroad
    Administration practices are sufficient for accident investigators of
    the agency to complete investigations into railroad safety accidents or
    incidents.
        (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the study under subsection (a),
    the inspector general shall consult with--
                (1) the National Transportation Safety Board;
                (2) organizations representing agency safety inspectors;
            and
                (3) representatives of railroads.
        (c) Report.--The inspector general shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Science, Commerce and Transportation of the Senate a
    report containing the results of the study under subsection (a).

    SEC. 10428. REVIEW OF RISK REDUCTION PROGRAM PLANS.

        Section 20156 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
        ``(i) Review.--
                ``(1) Internal assessments.--The Secretary shall require
            railroad carriers covered under this section to annually submit
            an internal assessments report of the carrier's railroad safety
            risk reduction program plan.
                ``(2) Sufficiency of plan.--Upon receipt of the report
            submitted under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall determine
            whether the plan is sufficient to reduce the number and rates
            of railroad accidents or incidents, injuries, and fatalities.
                ``(3) Considerations.--In making the determination under
            paragraph (2), the Secretary shall consider--
                        ``(A) whether the plan systematically evaluates
                    railroad safety hazards involving the operation of a
                    freight train on the carrier's system, and reflects
                    planned significant operational changes that would
                    impact such safety hazards; and
                        ``(B) whether the processes and procedures
                    developed and implemented by the railroad carrier's
                    railroad safety risk reduction program plan manages the
                    risks associated with such safety hazards.
        ``(j) Safety Trend Analysis.--
                ``(1) Annual review.--The Secretary shall conduct an annual
            review of the prior 5 calendar years' reportable incidents,
            accidents, injuries, and fatalities and conduct an analysis to
            determine if any specific safety trends exist in the reportable
            incidents, accidents, injuries, and fatalities.
                ``(2) Publication.--Upon concluding the safety trend
            analysis, the Secretary shall publish the analysis on a public
            website of the Federal Railroad Administration and notify any
            rail carrier of any specific safety trends and risks present in
            the operations of such rail carrier.
                ``(3) Identification of risks.--Upon notification of any
            specific safety trends, each railroad carrier shall be required
            to identify if the risk is present in the operations of the
            carrier, and update the railroad safety risk reduction program
            plan to reflect how the carrier intends to eliminate or reduce
            the risks identified by each trend.
                ``(4) Explanation.--If a railroad carrier determines a risk
            is not present, such carrier shall provide an explanation that
            includes the methods and relevant data used to determine that
            the risk is not present in the following annual report.
        ``(k) Intermediary Updates.--
                ``(1) Significant operational change.-- If a railroad
            carrier implements a significant operational change that is not
            addressed in the current railroad safety risk reduction program
            plan more than 90 days before the annual submission of the
            audit of the carrier's risk reduction program, then the
            railroad carrier shall submit an intermediary update to
            supplement the current plan.
                ``(2) Contents.--The Secretary shall ensure the
            intermediary update reflects the significant operational change
            and details the railroad carrier's plans to eliminate, reduce,
            or mitigate any significant safety risks associated with the
            change.
        ``(l) Significant Operational Change Defined.--In the section, the
    term `significant operational change' means material changes in
    policies or processes that may increase the rates of reportable
    incidents, accidents, injuries, or fatalities.''.

    SEC. 10429. RAILROAD SAFETY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

        (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 201 of title 49, United
    States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following new
    section:
    ``Sec. 20124. Railroad Safety Advisory Committee
        ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Railroad
    Administration shall maintain an advisory committee, to be known as the
    `Railroad Safety Advisory Committee', for the purpose of providing
    advice and recommendations to the Administrator regarding safety and
    security problems by identifying the best solutions based on agreed-
    upon facts and providing advice for collaborative rulemaking or by
    providing non-regulatory recommendations on critical safety issues, the
    development of railroad safety regulatory programs, including the
    issuance of new regulations, review and revision of existing
    regulations, and identification of non-regulatory alternatives for
    improving railroad safety.
        ``(b) Duties and Score of Activities.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, or the Designated
            Federal Officer, shall present the Rail Safety Advisory
            Committee with tasks relating to railroad safety and security.
                ``(2) Recommendations.--Through the Administrator, the Rail
            Safety Advisory Committee shall make recommendations to the
            Secretary of Transportation regarding rail safety.
                ``(3) Requirement.--The Rail Safety Advisory Committee
            shall address safety problems by identifying solutions based on
            agreed-upon facts and, where regulation appears necessary,
            identifying regulatory changes to implement such solutions.
                ``(4) Capacity.--The Rail Safety Advisory Committee shall
            act solely in an advisory capacity, and the advice and
            recommendations of the Committee shall be non-binding.
        ``(c) Members.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall be responsible
            for ensuring that the composition of the Rail Safety Advisory
            Committee consists of representatives of organizations that
            have a direct role in issues related to the safe transportation
            of passengers and freight by rail, including commuter
            railroads, freight railroads, organizations representing
            manufacturers of railroad equipment, organizations representing
            shippers, including organizations representing the shipment of
            liquid and gaseous flammable hazardous materials and other
            hazardous materials, organizations representing State
            departments of transportation, organizations representing
            railway workers, and organizations representing rail
            passengers, and local communities with rail lines.
                ``(2) Requirement.--The Rail Safety Advisory Committee
            shall include an equal number of representatives of railroad
            operators and their organizations and representatives of
            railway workers and their organizations.
        ``(d) Staff.--The Administrator may identify such staff as is
    necessary to support the functions of the Railroad Safety Advisory
    Committee to carry out the purpose described in subsection (a).
        ``(e) Task-based Working Groups.--
                ``(1) Tasks.--The Administrator may request the Railroad
            Safety Advisory Committee establish a working group for the
            purpose of providing specific advice and recommendations
            regarding a task with respect to which the Administrator is
            considering acting.
                ``(2) Working groups.--If the Railroad Safety Advisory
            Committee, based on consideration and consensus of the members
            of the Committee, accepts a request under paragraph (1), the
            Railroad Safety Advisory Committee shall--
                        ``(A) establish a working group to develop
                    consensus recommendations for the action the
                    Administrator may take with respect to the task; and
                        ``(B) ensure the working group includes individuals
                    that--
                                ``(i) possess the appropriate expertise to
                            assess and develop such recommendations; and
                                ``(ii) are representative of the interests
                            of stakeholders implicated by the task.
        ``(f) Federal Railroad Administration Required Engagement.--The
    Administrator shall meet quarterly with the Railroad Safety Advisory
    Committee to--
                ``(1) consult with the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee
            regarding the development of railroad safety regulations of the
            Federal Railroad Administration;
                ``(2) advise the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee on
            emerging issues, statutory requirements, and other identified
            needs with respect to railroad safety; and
                ``(3) receive and discuss the views and recommendations of
            the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee in determining
            regulatory priorities of the Federal Railroad Administration.
        ``(g) Designated Federal Officer.--The Designated Federal Officer
    shall be a full-time or permanent part-time Federal employee
    responsible for--
                ``(1) ensuring the Rail Safety Advisory Committee
            activities comply with chapter 10 of title 5, including any
            rules and regulations implementing such chapter, agency
            administrative procedures, and any other applicable laws and
            regulations;
                ``(2) approving or calling all meetings of the Rail Safety
            Advisory Committee or the subcommittees of the Committee;
                ``(3) approving the agenda for the Committee;
                ``(4) attending all Rail Safety and Advisory Committee and
            Subcommittee meetings for the duration of such meetings;
                ``(5) fulfilling the requirements of under section 1009 of
            title 5;
                ``(6) adjourning meetings when the Designated Federal
            Officer determines it to be in the public interest;
                ``(7) chairing any meetings when so directed by the agency
            head;
                ``(8) maintaining information on Rail Safety Advisory
            Committee activities and provide such information to the public
            on the Federal Railroad Administration's public facing website,
            as applicable; and
                ``(9) ensuring Rail Safety Advisory Committee and
            Subcommittee members, as applicable, receive the appropriate
            training for efficient operation and compliance with chapter 10
            of title 5, including any rules and regulations implementing
            such chapter.
        ``(h) Annual Report to Congress.--Beginning in the first calendar
    year after the date of enactment of this section, the Railroad Safety
    Advisory Committee shall submit to Congress an annual report
    summarizing the activities of the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee
    for the period covered by the report.
        ``(i) Applicability.--
                ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2),
            chapter 10 of title 5 shall apply to the Railroad Safety
            Advisory Committee.
                ``(2) Authorization.--Notwithstanding section 1013 of title
            5, the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee is authorized through
            September 30, 2031.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 201 of title 49,
    United States Code, is further amended by inserting after the item
    relating to section 20123 the following:

    ``20124. Railroad Safety Advisory Committee.''.

    SEC. 10430. SAFETY REPORTING EXTENSION.

        Section 22421 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public
    Law 117-58) is amended by striking ``for the following 4 years'' and
    inserting ``through December 31, 2032''.

                          Subtitle E--Project Delivery

    SEC. 10501. PRE-AWARD AUTHORITY.

        Subchapter I of chapter 3 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 314. Pre-award authority
        ``(a) Pre-award Authority.--For grants awarded under chapters 229
    and 249, concurrent with the award announcement, the Secretary may
    announce if a project is granted pre-award authority consistent with
    the requirements of part 200 of title 2, Code of Federal Regulations.
        ``(b) Reimbursement.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may reimburse a grant
            recipient for costs incurred before the start date of an award
            or subaward that are directly pursuant to an award negotiation
            and in anticipation of an award in any case in which such costs
            are necessary for efficient and timely performance of the scope
            of the project.
                ``(2) Allowable costs.--Costs are allowable for
            reimbursement under paragraph (1) only--
                        ``(A) to the extent that such costs would have been
                    allowed if incurred after the start date of such award;
                    and
                        ``(B) with the written approval of the Secretary.
                ``(3) Initial budget period.--If reimbursement of costs
            under this subsection is approved, such costs shall be treated
            as having been expended during the initial budget period of the
            award unless otherwise specified by the agency or pass-through
            entity (as defined in section 200.1 of title 2, Code of Federal
            Regulations).
                ``(4) Timeline for consideration.--For any request for pre-
            award reimbursement submitted by an eligible recipient in
            connection with an award provided under this section, the
            Secretary shall, not later than 60 days after the submission of
            the request--
                        ``(A) make a determination to approve or deny such
                    request; and
                        ``(B) provide written notification of such
                    determination to the eligible recipient.
                ``(5) Transparency.--If the Secretary makes a determination
            to deny a request under paragraph (4)(A), the Secretary shall,
            not later than 3 days after making such determination, provide
            a written explanation of the denial to--
                        ``(A) the eligible recipient that submitted such
                    request;
                        ``(B) the Committee on Transportation and
                    Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; and
                        ``(C) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
                    Transportation of the Senate.
        ``(c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be
    construed to--
                ``(1) require the Secretary or any instrumentality of the
            Federal Government to obligate an award or reimburse pre-award
            costs;
                ``(2) require the Secretary to exercise pre-award authority
            for any project; or
                ``(3) prevent the Administrator of the Federal Railroad
            Administration from conducting oversight of a project or pre-
            award project costs.''.

    SEC. 10502. CATEGORICAL EXCLUSIONS FOR PROJECTS IN EXISTING OPERATIONAL
                  RIGHTS-OF-WAY.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered project.--The term ``covered project'' means a
            project or program--
                        (A) described in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of
                    section 22901(2) of title 49, United States Code;
                        (B) located entirely within an existing operational
                    right-of-way of a covered railroad facility; and
                        (C) that--
                                (i) is contained in a State rail plan
                            developed under chapter 227 of title 49, United
                            States Code; or
                                (ii) has received a waiver of the
                            requirement of clause (i) pursuant to
                            subsection (c).
                (2) Covered railroad facility.--The term ``covered railroad
            facility'' means a facility that is--
                        (A) physically or functionally related to a
                    railroad; and
                        (B) includes the features associated with the
                    physical footprint of such facility, including--
                                (i) roadways, tracks and track structures,
                            bridges, tunnels, cuts and fills, and at grade
                            crossings;
                                (ii) electrification, communication,
                            signaling, and security facilities;
                                (iii) stations, platforms, and loading and
                            unloading facilities for freight or passengers;
                                (iv) maintenance-of-way and maintenance-of-
                            equipment facilities;
                                (v) drainage, water control, and
                            landscaping features and structures;
                                (vi) areas maintained or used for
                            mitigation, vegetation management, fire safety,
                            visibility, employee access, safety and
                            security, or other purposes related to the rail
                            facility; and
                                (vii) traffic control signage, parking
                            facilities, transportation power substations,
                            and transportation venting structures.
                (3) Existing operational right-of-way.--The term ``existing
            operational right-of-way'' means all real property interests
            acquired for the construction, operation, or mitigation of a
            covered railroad facility.
                (4) Railroad.--The term ``railroad'' has the same meaning
            that term in section 20102 of title 49, United States Code.
        (b) In General.--The Secretary shall--
                (1) not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of
            this Act, amend section 771.116(c) of title 23, Code of Federal
            Regulations, to add covered projects as a category that may be
            designated as a categorical exclusion; and
                (2) issue guidance for project sponsors that describes the
            documentation and information necessary to establish a project
            as a covered project.
        (c) Waiver Authority.--Upon the request of a sponsor of a project
    or program described in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of section
    22901(2) of title 49, United States Code, the Secretary may waive the
    requirement that such project or program be contained in a State rail
    plan developed under chapter 227 of title 49, United States Code, in
    any case in which such plan has not been updated within the previous 5
    years.
        (d) Extraordinary Circumstances.--The presumption that an action is
    covered by a categorical exclusion under subsection (b) shall not apply
    if the Secretary determines that extraordinary circumstances exist with
    respect to such action.
        (e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to affect the requirements of part 1105 of title 49, Code of
    Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 10503. ADDITIONAL CATEGORICAL EXCLUSIONS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall--
                (1) survey the use of categorical exclusions by the
            Secretary and the heads of other Federal agencies in
            transportation, multimodal, and infrastructure projects;
                (2) notwithstanding subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44,
            United States Code, solicit recommendations for the
            establishment of new categorical exclusions for actions related
            to transportation, multimodal, and infrastructure projects
            from--
                        (A) State departments of transportation;
                        (B) Amtrak or any other rail carrier that provides
                    intercity rail passenger transportation;
                        (C) labor organizations representing railroad
                    employees;
                        (D) Interstate Compacts;
                        (E) public agencies or publicly chartered
                    authorities established by one or more States;
                        (F) freight rail carriers and holding companies of
                    such rail carriers; and
                        (G) any associations representing rail carriers;
                    and
                (3) publish to a publicly accessible website of the
            Department a review describing the information collected
            pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2).
        (b) New Categorical Exclusions.--
                (1) Public notice.--Not later than 180 days after the date
            of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall publish a notice
            of proposed rulemaking to establish a categorical exclusion for
            any action--
                        (A) described in paragraph (2) of subsection (a);
                        (B) that the Secretary has determined normally does
                    not significantly affect the quality of the human
                    environment; and
                        (C) that the Secretary determines is appropriate
                    for such a categorical exclusion.
                (2) Final rule.--Not later than 270 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule
            establishing any categorical exclusions described in paragraph
            (1) and determined appropriate by the Secretary.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Intercity rail passenger transportation.--The term
            ``intercity rail passenger transportation'' has the meaning
            given such term in section 24102 of title 49, United States
            Code.
                (2) Rail carrier.--The term ``rail carrier'' has the
            meaning given such term in section 10102 of title 49, United
            States Code.

    SEC. 10504. STATE-RAILROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT COORDINATION AND
                  PROCESS STANDARDIZATION WORKING GROUP.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 3 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a working group to
    examine and develop recommendations on opportunities and methods to
    improve, streamline, and standardize processes, requirements, and
    timeframes to assist in the review and approval of access agreements
    between State transportation departments, metropolitan planning
    organizations, local governments, and railroads involving Federal,
    State, or locally funded infrastructure projects involving interactions
    with a railroad right-of-way.
        (b) Duties.--In carrying out the requirements under subsection (a),
    the working group shall examine and make recommendations related to the
    following:
                (1) Opportunities and methods to standardize templates and
            model access agreements for routine and recurring activities
            related to infrastructure projects are within or across a
            railroad right-of-way, including by defining the term ``routine
            and recurring activities'' and developing template agreements
            for each identified project type that outlines the minimum
            information needed by party.
                (2) Develop a no-cost standardized short form right of
            entry agreement for non-intrusive activities within or across a
            railroad right-of-way.
                (3) Current and needed policies, orders, guidance, and
            regulations for the establishment of agreements addressing more
            complex activities related to infrastructure projects within or
            across a railroad right-of-way, including criteria and
            standards to define the term ``complex activities''.
                (4) Current processes, methods, and timeframes for
            interparty information exchanges, commitments, insurance,
            indemnification and liability allocation, labor and financial
            agreements and safety measures and whether such exchanges can
            be standardized.
                (5) The impacts of administrative capacities and delays on
            project completion and solutions to mitigate delays, including
            ideal timeframes for responses by--
                        (A) Federal, State, and local government
                    representatives; and
                        (B) railroad representatives.
                (6) Processes and methods to resolve disputes between
            States, metropolitan planning organizations, local governments,
            and railroads.
                (7) Additional issues related to project delivery and
            coordination determined to be relevant by the Secretary or the
            working group.
        (c) Membership.--The working group established under subsection (a)
    shall be comprised of members appointed by the Secretary, including
    representatives of the following:
                (1) State departments of transportation from different
            regions of the United States.
                (2) Metropolitan planning organizations from different
            regions of the United States.
                (3) Local governments from different regions of the United
            States.
                (4) Class I railroads.
                (5) Class II or Class III railroads.
                (6) Providers of intercity rail passenger transportation
            (as defined in section 24102 of title 49, United States Code)
            who own and operate rail service and public transportation
            agencies that provide commuter rail passenger transportation
            (as defined in section 24102 of title 49, United States Code).
                (7) Nonprofit labor organization representing various
            classes or crafts of employees of rail carriers.
                (8) Other stakeholders determined appropriate by the
            Secretary.
        (d) Appointments.--In appointing members of the working group under
    subsection (c), the Secretary shall solicit nominations from the
    entities listed in paragraphs (1) through (8) of such subsection.
        (e) Consultation.--Members of the working group described in
    paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (c) shall consult with
    representatives from the respective organization of such member located
    in each of the 8 geographic regions with a Federal Railroad
    Administration safety office, as described in section 103 of title 49,
    United States Code.
        (f) Meetings.--The working group described in subsection (a) shall
    meet at least 3 times before submitting the required report in
    subsection (g).
        (g) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the
    working group is established, the working group shall submit to the
    Secretary, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
    House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report detailing the findings of the
    working group relating to its examination under subsection (b) and any
    associated recommendations.
        (h) Termination.--The working group shall terminate upon submission
    of the report under subsection (g).

    SEC. 10505. RAIL PROJECT ADVANCE ACQUISITION.

        Chapter 242 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding
    at the end the following:
    ``Sec. 24203. Rail project advance acquisition
        ``(a) Real Property Interests.--The Secretary may, pursuant to
    subsection (c)(2), reimburse a recipient of financial assistance under
    chapters 229, 243, or 249 for the acquisition through purchase, lease,
    or otherwise secure or control of real property interests before or
    during the completion of the environmental reviews for any project that
    may use such property interests if the acquisition or related
    transaction is otherwise permitted by Federal law.
        ``(b) Environmental Review.--A real property interest acquired,
    leased, or otherwise secured or controlled under this section may not
    be physically developed or improved in anticipation of a proposed
    project until all required environmental reviews for such project have
    been completed.
        ``(c) Recipient-funded Early Acquisition of Real Property
    Interests.--
                ``(1) In general.--A recipient may carry out, at the
            expense of the such recipient, acquisitions of interests in
            real property for a project before completion of the review
            process required for a project under the National Environmental
            Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) without affecting
            subsequent approvals required for a project by the State or any
            Federal agency.
                ``(2) Eligibility for reimbursement.--Financial assistance
            awarded under chapters 229, 243, or 249 may be used by a
            recipient to participate in the payment of costs incurred by
            the recipient for acquisition of real property interests,
            acquired in advance of any Federal approval or authorization,
            if the real property interests are subsequently incorporated
            into a capital project eligible for financial assistance.''.

    SEC. 10506. DIRECT LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES.

        (a) In General.--Section 22402 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (5) by striking ``or (6)'' and
                    inserting ``(6), or (7)''; and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(6) freight shippers that own or operate a plant or other
            facility, solely for the purpose of constructing or enhancing a
            rail connection between a plant or facility and a railroad or a
            project eligible under subsection (b)(1)(I); and'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (D) by striking ``or (C)'' and
                    inserting ``(C), or (I)'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``or (C); or''
                    and inserting ``(C), (F), or (I);'';
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(I) to construct, enhance, or relocate a freight
                    shipper plant or facility to increase capacity for
                    freight rail traffic, including a facility for storage,
                    transloading, production, manufacturing, or assembly,
                    and related infrastructure and activities, served by
                    the railroad if the borrower confirms the willingness
                    and ability of a rail carrier to serve the facility.'';
                    and
                (3) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) by striking ``$35,000,000,000'' and inserting
                    ``$50,000,0000,000'';
                        (B) by striking ``Extent of Authority.--The
                    aggregate unpaid'' and insert -- ``Limitation.--
                ``(1) In general.--The aggregate unpaid''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Special limitation.--Assistance granted under this
            section shall not exceed--
                        ``(A) $10,000,000,000 in total aggregate lending
                    for projects described in subsection (b)(1)(I), of
                    which not less than $2,000,000,000 shall be reserved
                    for shipper projects served by freight railroads other
                    than Class I rail carriers; and
                        ``(B) $10,000,000,000 in total aggregate lending
                    for projects described in subsection (b)(1)(F).''.
        (b) Definitions.--Section 22401 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(16) Transportation-oriented development project.--The
            term `transportation-oriented development project' means a
            project--
                        ``(A) located within \1/2\ mile walking distance of
                    a fixed guideway transit facility, bus rapid transit
                    facility, passenger rail station, or multimodal
                    facility provided that the location includes service by
                    a passenger railroad;
                        ``(B) that consists entirely of or includes
                    residential, commercial, public infrastructure, or
                    mixed-use development or other related infrastructure,
                    including public or community space;
                        ``(C) that incorporates private investment;
                        ``(D) that--
                                ``(i) enhances the effectiveness of
                            passenger rail transportation and is related
                            physically or functionally to passenger rail
                            service; or
                                ``(ii) establishes new or enhanced
                            coordination between passenger rail
                            transportation and other transportation;
                        ``(E) for which the project sponsor demonstrates
                    the ability to generate new revenue for the relevant
                    passenger rail station, facility, or service, including
                    by increasing ridership, increasing tenant lease
                    payments, providing a fair share of revenue that will
                    be used for passenger rail transportation, or carrying
                    out other activities that generate revenue exceeding
                    costs; and
                        ``(F) based on the application for which, the
                    Secretary determines that an appropriate value of the
                    project will be reinvested in the relevant passenger
                    rail station or service.''.
        (c) Priority Projects.--Section 22402 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (8) by striking ``or'' at the end;
                        (B) in paragraph (9) by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(10) are transportation-oriented development projects
            that incorporate housing and that the Secretary determines,
            based on evidence submitted by the project sponsor--
                        ``(A) will result in development appropriate to
                    expected housing demand in the project area; or
                        ``(B) is located in an area for which local
                    policies promote housing development in locations
                    accessible by passenger rail facilities.'';
                (2) in subsection (f)(3) by adding at the end the
            following:
                        ``(E) Revenue projected from a transportation-
                    oriented development project.''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(o) Housing Coordination.--The Secretary shall coordinate with
    the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in evaluating local
    policies promoting housing development for purposes of determining
    whether to prioritize an application for a project described under
    subsection (c)(10).''.
        (d) Administration of Direct Loans and Guarantees.--Section 22403
    of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking subsection (m)
    and inserting the following:
        ``(m) Fees and Charges.--
                ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in this chapter, the
            Secretary may not assess any fees, including user fees, or
            charges in connection with a direct loan or loan guarantee
            provided under section 22402.
                ``(2) Disclosure.--The Secretary shall develop and make
            publicly available a straightforward, scalable, and reasonable
            fee structure with respect to any fees that may apply under
            this section.
        ``(n) Guidance on Eligibility Requirements.--The Secretary shall
    develop and make publicly available guidance on requirements for a
    project described in section 22402(b)(1)(F) to be eligible for
    assistance under such section, including guidance relating to the
    following:
                ``(1) Factors commonly assessed when determining lender
            risk, including debt-service coverage ratio.
                ``(2) Financial thresholds commonly evaluated.
                ``(3) Contractual obligations and restrictions associated
            with the loan.
        ``(o) Compatibility With Local Plans and Coordination With
    Metropolitan Planning Organizations.--An applicant for a project
    described under section 22402(b)(1)(F) may--
                ``(1) coordinate with the relevant metropolitan planning
            organization, including by--
                        ``(A) providing timely notification to the
                    metropolitan planning organization during the planning
                    or entitlement process; and
                        ``(B) sharing information on project details,
                    transportation impacts, and mitigation measures; and
                ``(2)(A) provide evidence of a significant nexus with a
            project on the applicable transportation improvement program
            developed by a metropolitan planning organization under section
            134(j) of title 23 or section 5331(j) of this title, and the
            applicable statewide transportation improvement program
            developed by a State under section 135(g) of title 23 or
            section 5332(g) of this title; or
                        ``(B) demonstrate compatibility with the long-range
                    transportation plan developed by the applicable
                    metropolitan planning organization under section 134(i)
                    of title 23 or section 5331(i) of this title.
        ``(p) Application of the National Environmental Policy Act of
    1969.--
                ``(1) In general.--The National Environmental Policy Act of
            1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) shall not apply to land
            acquisition activities with respect to a transportation-
            oriented development project, except for components of the
            project located within the geographic boundaries of the parcel
            of land acquired that will be owned, in full or in part, by a
            public entity for the majority of the loan term.
                ``(2) Categorical exclusions.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A transportation-oriented
                    development project that involves an activity described
                    in subparagraph (B) shall be categorically excluded
                    from the requirements of the National Environmental
                    Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
                        ``(B) Activities described.--An activity described
                    in this subparagraph is any of the following:
                                ``(i) Rehabilitation or conversion of an
                            existing office building to residential or
                            mixed use within substantially the same
                            footprint.
                                ``(ii) Reconstruction or construction of a
                            new commercial building primarily using land
                            disturbed for transportation use as described
                            in section 771.118(c)(9) of title 23, Code of
                            Federal Regulations (or successor regulations)
                            or disturbed land adjacent to land disturbed
                            for transportation use.''.

    SEC. 10507. VETERAN TO SUPPLY CHAIN EMPLOYEE ACTION PLAN.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of
    Defense, Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and Secretary of Labor, shall
    develop and make public an action plan to be known as the ``Veteran to
    Supply Chain Employee Action Plan''.
        (b) Contents.--In developing the Veteran to Supply Chain Action
    Plan, the Secretary shall--
                (1) identify--
                        (A) barriers members of the armed forces eligible
                    for preseparation counseling under section 1142 of
                    title 10, United States Code, and veterans face when
                    searching for employment, during the hiring process, or
                    in training to become supply chain employees;
                        (B) challenges supply chain employers face when
                    recruiting, hiring, or retaining members of the armed
                    forces eligible for preseparation counseling under
                    section 1142 of title 10, United States Code, and
                    veterans;
                        (C) regulatory burdens employers face in the hiring
                    of supply chain employees, especially for employees
                    that are members of the armed forces eligible for
                    preseparation counseling under section 1142 of title
                    10, United States Code, or veterans;
                        (D) regions of the United States which have the
                    greatest workforce need for supply chain employees; and
                        (E) barriers and industry trends that directly or
                    indirectly discourage members of the armed forces
                    eligible for preseparation counseling under section
                    1142 of title 10, United States Code, and veterans from
                    pursuing, attaining, and remaining in supply chain
                    careers;
                (2) highlight--
                        (A) the specific knowledge, skills, and abilities
                    members of the armed forces eligible for preseparation
                    counseling under section 1142 of title 10, United
                    States Code, and veterans possess that are critical for
                    supply chain careers and any competency gaps that
                    should be addressed;
                        (B) opportunities to expand or enhance existing
                    initiatives for members of the armed forces eligible
                    for preseparation counseling under section 1142 of
                    title 10, United States Code, or veterans to become
                    supply chain employees; and
                        (C) ways to improve supply chain employer outreach
                    programs and enhance existing training, mentorship,
                    education, and advancement programs that would increase
                    the participation and engagement of members of the
                    armed forces eligible for preseparation counseling
                    under section 1142 of title 10, United States Code, and
                    veterans in the supply chain workforce;
                (3) recommend specific short- and long-term actions the
            Department of Transportation, the Department of Defense, the
            Department of Veterans Affairs, or the Department of Labor can
            take to help members of the armed forces eligible for
            preseparation counseling under section 1142 of title 10, United
            States Code, and veterans become supply chain employees; and
                (4) consult with the transportation supply chain industry,
            modal transportation supply chain employers, and organizations
            representing modal transportation supply chain employees.
        (c) Supply Chain Employee Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``supply chain employee'' means an individual directly employed in the
    facilitation of the movement of goods.

    SEC. 10508. LEAD AGENCY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW PURPOSES.

        Within the Department, the Federal agency that takes the first
    major Federal action for a proposed rail projects including projects
    with multiple cooperating agencies, shall be the lead agency as
    described under section 107 of the National Environmental Policy Act of
    1969 (42 U.S.C. 4336a) for carrying out any required environmental
    reviews.

    SEC. 10509. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW DETERMINATION.

        Not later than 90 days after the sponsor of a rail project files a
    complete environmental review application with the lead agency within
    the Department, as described under section 107 of the National
    Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4336a), the lead agency
    responsible for carrying out any required environmental reviews shall
    determine whether the project is--
                (1) categorically excluded;
                (2) requires the completion of an environmental assessment;
            or
                (3) requires the completion of an environmental impact
            statement.

    SEC. 10510. EXPEDITED CONSULTATION PROCESS.

        (a) Streamlining.--In conducting the process under section 106 of
    the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4336), in
    accordance with sections 800.3 through 800.6 of title 36, Code of
    Federal Regulations, the Administrator of the Federal Railroad
    Administration and the appropriate officer from the State Historic
    Preservation Office or Tribal Historic Preservation Office shall
    determine if more than 1 element of such process can be completed
    simultaneously.
        (b) Simultaneous Execution.--If the Administrator and the
    appropriate officer determine that more than 1 element can be
    simultaneously completed, the Administrator and the appropriate officer
    shall ensure compliance with subsections (c) and (d) of section 800.2
    of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations.

    SEC. 10511. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

        Section 20108 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended
    by adding at the end the following:
        ``(l) Technical Assistance.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may--
                        ``(A) at the request of an eligible applicant for a
                    project under chapters 229, 249, and 251 of this title,
                    provide technical assistance to such entity for such
                    project; and
                        ``(B) through a competitive bid process and subject
                    to appropriations, enter into contracts, cooperative
                    agreements, and other agreements with national
                    nonprofit organizations that have the appropriate
                    demonstrated capacity and expertise to provide rail-
                    related technical assistance under this section.
                ``(2) Contracts and agreements.--Contracts, cooperative
            agreements, and agreements entered into pursuant to paragraph
            (1)(B) shall be used to develop best practices for project
            development and grant applications and to--
                        ``(A) provide technical assistance to eligible
                    applicants under such chapters to--
                                ``(i) improve the safety, efficiency, and
                            reliability of freight and passenger rail
                            transportation;
                                ``(ii) reduce congestion and facilitate
                            ridership growth in intercity passenger rail
                            transportation, including through the
                            development of and around intercity passenger
                            rail stations;
                                ``(iii) promote employee and passenger
                            safety;
                                ``(iv) assist with the compliance of the
                            applicable requirements of--
                                        ``(I) the National Environmental
                                    Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
                                    seq.);
                                        ``(II) the Americans with
                                    Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C.
                                    12101 et seq.); and
                                        ``(III) section 22905 of this
                                    title;
                                ``(v) assist with the development,
                            deployment, and acquisition of rolling stock,
                            including through multi-state equipment leasing
                            pools;
                                ``(vi) administer funds received from the
                            Department of Transportation, in compliance
                            with Federal law; and
                                ``(vii) assist with eligible grant
                            applications under this section; and
                        ``(B) provide training, guidance and educational
                    programs to Federal Railroad Administration eligible
                    grant applicants and recipients in cooperation with the
                    agency, State transportation departments, metropolitan
                    planning organizations, and national and international
                    entities related to freight and intercity passenger
                    rail transportation, including courses in recent
                    developments, techniques, and procedures related to--
                                ``(i) planning;
                                ``(ii) management;
                                ``(iii) environmental factors;
                                ``(iv) acquisition and joint use rights-of-
                            way;
                                ``(v) engineering and architectural design;
                                ``(vi) procurement strategies and turnkey
                            approaches for freight and intercity passenger
                            rail systems;
                                ``(vii) new technologies;
                                ``(viii) accessibility improvements for
                            individuals with disabilities;
                                ``(ix) construction, construction
                            management, insurance, and risk management;
                                ``(x) maintenance;
                                ``(xi) contract administration;
                                ``(xii) inspection;
                                ``(xiii) innovative finance;
                                ``(xiv) workplace safety;
                                ``(xv) rail transportation security; and
                                ``(xvi) eligible grant applications under
                            this section.
                ``(3) Treatment.--Technical assistance provided under
            paragraph (1) shall not be considered a guarantee of future
            selection of the applicable project under any program under
            chapters 229, 249, and 251 of this title.
                ``(4) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of the BUILD America 250 Act, and every year
            thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
            Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate a report that includes--
                        ``(A) a description of each project that received
                    technical assistance under this subsection during the
                    preceding fiscal year;
                        ``(B) an evaluation of the activities carried out
                    by each organization described in paragraph (1)(B); and
                        ``(C) measurable outcomes and impacts of the
                    programs funded under this section.
                ``(5) Availability of amounts.--The Secretary shall
            withhold 5 percent of funds allocated to Project Management
            Oversight from chapters 229, 243, and 249 to pay for the cost
            of eligible activities under this section.''.

    SEC. 10512. AMENDMENT TO ALLOW RRIF DIRECT LOANS TO BE STRUCTURED AS
                  INTEREST-ONLY LOAN.

        Section 22402 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended--
                (1) in subsection (b) by adding at the end the following
            new paragraph:
                ``(3) Interest-only loans.--
                        ``(A) Initial repayment of direct loan.--Except as
                    provided in subparagraph (B), a recipient of a direct
                    loan structured as an interest-only loan under
                    subsection (p) shall use such loan to refinance--
                                ``(i) another direct loan issued to the
                            recipient under this section; or
                                ``(ii) other debt of the recipient incurred
                            for purposes of financing the project that is
                            the subject of the application for the direct
                            loan structured as an interest-only loan.
                        ``(B) Exceptions.--
                                ``(i) A direct loan structured as an
                            interest-only loan under subsection (p) may not
                            be used to refinance any loan structured as an
                            interest-only loan.
                                ``(ii) Direct loans structured as interest-
                            only loans under this section shall not be used
                            be used to refinance another direct loan or
                            other debt, as described in subparagraph (A),
                            for projects described in subparagraphs (F) or
                            (I) of subsection (b)(1) of this section.
                        ``(C) Allowable uses of excess amounts.--A
                    recipient of a direct loan structured as an interest-
                    only loan under subsection (p) shall use any funds
                    remaining after the repayment described in subparagraph
                    (A) in accordance with the purposes described in
                    paragraph (1).
                        ``(D) Limitations on use.--A direct loan structured
                    as an interest-only loan under subsection (p) shall not
                    be used to make discretionary dividend payments or to
                    reduce the equity share of the capital structure of the
                    project.'';
                (2) in subsection (j)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``The Secretary''
                    and inserting ``Except as provided in subsection (p)
                    with respect to a direct loan structured as an
                    interest-only loan, the Secretary'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``Interest shall''
                    and inserting ``Except as provided in subsection (p)
                    with respect to a direct loan structured as an
                    interest-only loan, interest shall'';
                        (C) in paragraph (3) by striking ``a direct loan
                    provided under this section'' and inserting ``a direct
                    loan provided under this section (other than a direct
                    loan structured as an interest-only loan under
                    subsection (p))''; and
                        (D) in paragraph (4)(B) by striking ``from non-
                    Federal funding sources.'' and inserting ``from--
                                ``(i) non-Federal funding sources; or
                                ``(ii) a direct loan under this section
                            that is structured as an interest-only loan
                            under subsection (p).''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(p) Direct Loans Structured as Interest-only Loans.--
                ``(1) In general.--Upon issuance of a direct loan under
            this section, the Secretary may structure the loan as an
            interest-only loan if the term of the loan is not longer than
            10 years.
                ``(2) Repayment schedule.--With respect to any direct loan
            structured as an interest-only loan under paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall establish a repayment schedule requiring--
                        ``(A) periodic interest-only payments, beginning
                    not later than 6 months after the date of disbursement
                    of such loan, on the outstanding balance of the loan;
                    and
                        ``(B) that all obligations of the loan are
                    satisfied not later than the final maturity date of the
                    loan.
                ``(3) Deferred payments.--
                        ``(A) In general.--If at any time after the date of
                    disbursement of a direct loan structured as an
                    interest-only loan under paragraph (1) the obligor is
                    unable to pay a periodic interest-only payment pursuant
                    to the applicable repayment schedule, the Secretary,
                    subject to subparagraph (B), may allow, for a maximum
                    aggregate time of 1 year over the duration of the loan,
                    the obligor to add the amount of any such unpaid
                    interest-only payment to the outstanding balance of the
                    loan.
                        ``(B) Interest.--A payment deferred under
                    subparagraph (A) shall accrue interest under paragraph
                    (2) until the loan is fully repaid.
                ``(4) Penalties for missed or deferred payments.--The
            Secretary may impose on any recipient of a direct loan
            structured as an interest-only loan under paragraph (1) such
            penalties or fees as determined appropriate by the Secretary
            for failure to pay a periodic interest-only payment under the
            applicable repayment schedule or for deferring a payment under
            paragraph (4).
                ``(5) Limitation.--The secretary shall make interest-only
            loans only available to projects on a railroad or railroad
            property.''.

    SEC. 10513. USE OF CERTAIN GRANT FUNDS TO PAY RRIF CREDIT RISK
                  PREMIUMS.

        (a) Amendments to RRIF With Respect to Direct Loans.--Section 22402
    of title 49, United States Code, is further amended--
                (1) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``may accept on behalf of
                            an applicant for assistance under this
                            section'' and all that follows and inserting
                            ``may--''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``In lieu of or in
                            combination with'' and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), in
                    lieu of or in combination with''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(i) with respect to applicants for loan
                            guarantees or a modification thereof under this
                            section, accept on behalf of the applicant a
                            commitment from a non-Federal source, including
                            a State or local government or agency or public
                            benefit corporation or public authority
                            thereof, to fund in whole or in part credit
                            risk premiums and modification costs with
                            respect to the loan guarantee that is the
                            subject of the application or modification; and
                                ``(ii) with respect to applicants for
                            direct loans or a modification thereof under
                            this section, accept on behalf of the
                            applicant, to fund in whole or in part credit
                            risk premiums and modification costs with
                            respect to the loan that is the subject of the
                            application or modification--
                                        ``(I) a commitment described in
                                    clause (i);
                                        ``(II) grant funds issued under
                                    sections 22907 or 24911 or chapter 243
                                    of this title; or
                                        ``(III) a combination of the
                                    funding sources described in subclauses
                                    (I) and (II).
                        ``(B) Limitations.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In no event shall the
                            aggregate of appropriations of budget authority
                            and credit risk premiums described in
                            subparagraph (A) with respect to a direct loan
                            or loan guarantee be less than the cost of that
                            direct loan or loan guarantee.
                                ``(ii) Applicability.--Subparagraph (A)
                            shall only apply to projects on a railroad or
                            railroad property.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (7) by striking ``The Secretary
                    shall return credit risk premiums paid, and interest
                    accrued on such premiums,'' and inserting ``With
                    respect to each credit risk premium paid with funds
                    other than Federal grant funds issued under section
                    22907 or 24911, the Secretary shall return each such
                    premium, and interest accrued on each such premium,'';
                (2) in subsection (i)(4) by adding at the end the
            following:
                        ``(D) Coordinated application process with respect
                    to grant programs.--The Secretary shall coordinate, to
                    the maximum extent practicable, the application process
                    developed pursuant to this subsection with the
                    application processes for grants under sections 22907
                    and 24911 to ensure that an entity applying for a
                    direct loan under this section--
                                ``(i) may apply sequentially or
                            simultaneously for any such grant; and
                                ``(ii) may indicate on the application for
                            the direct loan that the credit risk premium of
                            the loan, if approved, is to be paid for using
                            any such grant, if the applicant is selected to
                            receive such grant.''; and
                (3) in subsection (n)--
                        (A) by striking ``The proceeds'' and inserting
                    ``Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
                    proceeds''; and
                        (B) by striking ``if such loan is repayable from
                    non-Federal funds.'' and inserting ``if--
                ``(1) the credit risk premium of such loan was not paid for
            using Federal grant funds issued under section 22907 or 24911;
            and
                ``(2) such loan is repayable from non-Federal funds.''.
        (b) Amendments to CRISI Grant Program.--Section 22907(c) of title
    49, United States Code, is further amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (15) as
            subparagraphs (A) through (O), respectively;
                (2) by striking ``The following'' and inserting the
            following:
                ``(1) In general.--The following''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
                ``(2) Allowable use for payment of rrif loan credit risk
            premiums.--A project described in paragraph (1) is eligible to
            receive grant funds under this section for use paying a credit
            risk premium of a loan under section 22402 of this title if the
            loan is approved to finance such project.''.
        (c) Amendments to NIPRPP Grant Program.--Section 24911(c) of title
    49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (4) by striking ``paragraphs (1) through
            (3)'' and inserting ``subparagraphs (A) through (C)'';
                (2) in paragraph (5) by striking ``paragraphs (1) through
            (4)'' and inserting ``subparagraphs (A) through (D)'';
                (3) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (7) (as
            amended) as subparagraphs (A) through (G), respectively;
                (4) by striking ``The following'' and inserting the
            following:
                ``(1) In general.--The following''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Allowable use for payment of rrif loan credit risk
            premiums.--A capital project described in paragraph (1) is
            eligible to receive grants under this section for use paying a
            credit risk premium of a loan under section 22402 of this title
            if the loan is approved to finance such capital project.''.
        (d) Amendment to Amtrak Grant Programs.--Section 24305 of title 49,
    United States Code is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(g) Allowable Use for Payment of RRIF Loan Credit Risk
    Premiums.--Amtrak is eligible to receive grants for use paying a credit
    risk premium of a loan under section 22402 of this title if the loan is
    approved to finance such capital project.''.

    SEC. 10514. AMENDMENT TO ESTABLISH ALTERNATIVE CREDIT ASSESSMENT
                  PATHWAY FOR RRIF LOAN APPLICANTS.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 22401 of title 49, United States Code, is
    further amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(17) Qualified financial institution.--The term
            `qualified financial institution' means--
                        ``(A) an insured depository institution as defined
                    in section 3(c) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act
                    (12 U.S.C. 1813(c));
                        ``(B) an insured credit union as defined in section
                    101 of the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1752);
                    or
                        ``(C) any other financial institution that--
                                ``(i) is regulated or supervised by--
                                        ``(I) the Board of Governors of the
                                    Federal Reserve System;
                                        ``(II) the Securities and Exchange
                                    Commission;
                                        ``(III) the Federal Housing Finance
                                    Agency;
                                        ``(IV) the Farm Credit
                                    Administration; or
                                        ``(V) any other Federal financial
                                    regulatory agency;
                                ``(ii) is regularly engaged in the business
                            of extending credit or making credit
                            determinations; and
                                ``(iii) the Secretary determines has
                            demonstrated experience in the underwriting or
                            provision of credit.''.
        (b) Direct Loans and Loan Guarantees Infrastructure Partners.--
    Section 22402(f) of title 49, United States Code, is further amended by
    adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) Additional creditworthiness criteria.--In evaluating
            a proposal submitted under this section, the Secretary may
            consider--
                        ``(A) the capital structure of the proposed
                    project, including the sufficiency and stability of
                    each non-Federal funding source;
                        ``(B) the incorporation of a capital structure of
                    the proposed project with--
                                ``(i) a program share, under this chapter,
                            of not more than 49 percent;
                                ``(ii) a cash equity contribution of not
                            less than 20 percent of the estimated total
                            project cost; and
                                ``(iii) debt provided through qualified
                            financial institutions for an amount not less
                            than 25 percent of the estimated total project
                            cost;
                        ``(C) the circumstances of the applicant, including
                    an applicant who has--
                                ``(i) executed all construction contracts
                            expected to be necessary for the project;
                                ``(ii) acquired or otherwise reserved all
                            rights-of-way expected to be necessary for the
                            project; and
                                ``(iii) if applicable, received an
                            environmental categorical exclusion, a finding
                            of no significant impact, or a record of
                            decision under the National Environmental
                            Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)
                            with respect to the project;
                        ``(D) any credit risk assessments conducted by
                    other participants in the capital structure of the
                    project, including a description of the due diligence
                    and underwriting standards applied qualified financial
                    institutions or other capital providers;
                        ``(E) the due diligence and underwriting analysis
                    carried out by qualified financial institutions
                    providing debt under subparagraph (C)(ii), which may be
                    used in combination with a creditworthiness analysis
                    conducted by the Secretary for a loan provided under
                    this section; and
                        ``(F) for a project described in subsection
                    (b)(1)(F), an alternative demonstration of
                    creditworthiness, such as--
                                ``(i) a joint liability agreement or
                            equivalent between the project lead and a
                            division of a State or local organization with
                            a sufficient credit rating; or
                                ``(ii) an alternative rating or
                            certification by a loan originator-servicer.
                ``(9) Applicability.--The criteria in subparagraphs (A)
            through (E) of paragraph (8) shall only apply to projects on
            railroads or on railroad property.''.

    SEC. 10515. RAILROAD REHABILITATION AND IMPROVEMENT FINANCING PROGRAM
                  AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

        Section 22406 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in the section heading by striking the period at the
            end;
                (2) in subsection (a)(1) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
            2031''; and
                (3) in subsection (b)(2) by striking ``3 percent'' and
            inserting ``10 percent''.

                 Subtitle F--Hazardous Materials Transportation

    SEC. 10601. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

        Section 5128 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a) by striking paragraphs (1) through
            (5) and inserting the following:
                ``(1) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                ``(2) $75,500,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                ``(3) $76,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                ``(4) $76,500,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                ``(5) $77,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.'';
                (2) in subsection (b) by striking ``fiscal years 2022
            through 2026'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2027 through
            2031''; and
                (3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
        ``(c) Hazardous Materials Safety Training Grants.--From the
    Hazardous Materials Emergency Preparedness Fund established pursuant to
    section 5116(h), the Secretary may expend $8,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2027 through 2031 to carry out section 5107(e).'';
                (4) by striking subsection (d); and
                (5) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (d).

    SEC. 10602. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGISTRATION FEES.

        Section 5108(g) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``(1) The Secretary'' and
            inserting the following:
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``(C) The
                    Secretary shall'' and inserting the following:
                        ``(D) Transfer and deposit.--The Secretary shall'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``(B) The
                    Secretary'' and inserting the following:
                        ``(C) Adjustment.--The Secretary''; and
                        (C) by striking ``(2)(A) In addition'' and all that
                    follows through the period at the end of clause (ix) of
                    subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:
                ``(2) Annual fee.--
                        ``(A) Establishment.--In addition to a fee
                    established under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall
                    establish and impose by regulation and collect an
                    annual fee.
                        ``(B) Requirement.--Subject to subparagraph (C),
                    the fee established under subparagraph (A) shall be--
                                ``(i) at least $250 but not more than $500
                            from each person that--
                                        ``(I) is required to file a
                                    registration statement under this
                                    section; and
                                        ``(II) is identified as--
                                                ``(aa) a small business
                                            (within the meaning of part 121
                                            of title 13, Code of Federal
                                            Regulations (or successor
                                            regulations)); or
                                                ``(bb) a nonprofit
                                            organization that is described
                                            in section 501(c)(3) of the
                                            Internal Revenue Code of 1986
                                            and that is exempt from
                                            taxation under section 501(a)
                                            of such Code; and
                                ``(ii) at least $500 but not more than
                            $5,000 from each person that--
                                        ``(I) is required to file a
                                    registration statement under this
                                    section; and
                                        ``(II) is not identified as a small
                                    business (within the meaning of part
                                    121 of title 13, Code of Federal
                                    Regulations (or successor
                                    regulations)).''.

    SEC. 10603. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY TRAINING GRANTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 5107 of title 49, United States Code, is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading by striking
                    ``Training'' and inserting ``Hazardous Materials Safety
                    Training'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``and''
                            at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting a semicolon;
                            and
                                (iii) by adding at the end of the
                            following:
                        ``(C) for conducting national outreach and training
                    programs to assist communities in preparing for and
                    responding to accidents and incidents involving the
                    transportation of hazardous materials, including Class
                    3 flammable liquids by rail;
                        ``(D) for training State and local personnel
                    responsible for enforcing the safe transportation of
                    hazardous materials, including Class 3 flammable
                    liquids;
                        ``(E) for training emergency responders, including
                    response activities for the transportation of crude
                    oil, ethanol, flammable materials, and other hazardous
                    commodities by rail, consistent with National Fire
                    Protection Association standards; and
                        ``(F) for training or response gear needed for
                    volunteer or career fire departments, or a combination
                    of such fire departments, to address thermal runaway,
                    including--
                                ``(i) equipment, including blankets to
                            suppress thermal runaway, portable fire
                            suppression agents, and other equipment the
                            Secretary determines appropriate, to support
                            the suppression of thermal runaway resulting
                            from the transportation of lithium-ion cells or
                            batteries;
                                ``(ii) field-deployed residual-energy
                            assessment and cell-integrity diagnostics;
                                ``(iii) devices to monitor environmental
                            conditions and runoff control to assist with
                            cleanup after a thermal runaway event; and
                                ``(iv) access and containment tools, over-
                            pack systems, and packaging for damaged,
                            defective, or recalled lithium-ion batteries or
                            cells.'';
                        (C) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``for
                            hazmat employees'' and inserting ``on hazardous
                            materials transportation safety, including by a
                            nonprofit organization that represents first
                            responders or public officials responsible for
                            coordinating disaster response and is able to
                            provide training to individuals responsible for
                            responding to accidents and incidents involving
                            hazardous materials''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``a
                            target population of hazmat employees'' and
                            inserting ``the target populations referenced
                            in paragraph (1)''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Grant project size.--Grants made under this
            subsection shall not be more than $1,500,000 per award
            annually.
                ``(4) Funding.--
                        ``(A) In general.--To carry out the grant program
                    under paragraph (1), the Secretary may use for each
                    fiscal year any amounts recovered during such fiscal
                    year from grants awarded under this section or section
                    5116 during a prior fiscal year.
                        ``(B) Other hazardous materials training
                    activities.--For each fiscal year, after providing
                    grants under paragraph (1), if funds remain available,
                    the Secretary may use the amounts described in
                    subparagraph (A)--
                                ``(i) to make grants under--
                                        ``(I) section 5116(a)(1)(C); and
                                        ``(II) section 5116(i);
                                ``(ii) to conduct monitoring and provide
                            technical assistance under section 5116(e);
                                ``(iii) to publish and distribute the
                            emergency response guidance referred to in
                            section 5116(h)(3); and
                                ``(iv) to pay administrative costs in
                            accordance with section 5116(h)(4).
                        ``(C) Obligation limitation.--Notwithstanding any
                    other provision of law, for each fiscal year, amounts
                    described in subparagraph (A) shall not be included in
                    the obligation limitation for the Hazardous Materials
                    Emergency Preparedness grant program for that fiscal
                    year.''; and
                (2) by striking subsection (i).
        (b) Conforming Change.--Section 5116 of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (j);
                (2) by redesignating subsection (k) as subsection (j); and
                (3) in subsection (j), as redesignated, by striking
            ``subsections (i) and (j) of this section and under subsections
            (e) and (i) of section 5107'' and inserting ``subsection (i) of
            this section and under subsection (e) of section 5107''.

    SEC. 10604. INCORPORATION OF SPECIAL PERMITS INTO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
                  REGULATIONS.

        Section 5117 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2) by striking ``2 years and may''
            and inserting ``4 years and may''; and
                (2) in subsection (f) by striking ``10-year'' and inserting
            ``8-year''.

    SEC. 10605. HARMONIZATION OF SAFETY REGULATIONS.

        Section 5120 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (e); and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
        ``(c) Harmonization of Safety Regulations.--
                ``(1) Timing of update to or issuance of regulatory
            changes.--In any case in which the Secretary has determined
            that an update to or issuance of a regulation is necessary due
            to a change or establishment of an international standard or
            requirement described in subsection (a), including a covered
            international standard, the Secretary shall issue an interim
            final rule not later than 6 months before the effective date of
            the applicable change or establishment.
                ``(2) Covered international standard defined.--In this
            subsection, the term `covered international standard' means--
                        ``(A) the International Maritime Dangerous Goods
                    Code;
                        ``(B) the Technical Instructions for the Safe
                    Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air of the
                    International Civil Aviation Organization; and
                        ``(C) the United Nations Recommendations on the
                    Transport of Dangerous Goods--Model Regulations.
        ``(d) Discretion in Adopting International Standards or
    Requirements.--The Secretary may decline to adopt a change or
    establishment of an international standard or requirement described in
    subsection (a) if the Secretary determines the standard was improperly
    influenced by a foreign country of concern (as defined in section 10638
    of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act
    (Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19237)).''.

    SEC. 10606. REGULATION OF FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS OF CYLINDERS USED IN
                  TRANSPORTING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Cylinder.--The term ``cylinder'' means any cylinder
            specified under any of sections 178.36 through 178.68 of title
            49, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).
                (2) Foreign manufacturer of cylinders; fmoc.--The term
            ``foreign manufacturer of cylinders'' or ``FMOC'' means an
            entity that manufactures cylinders outside of the United States
            that are intended to be represented, marked, certified, or sold
            as qualified for use in transporting a hazardous material in
            commerce in the United States.
                (3) In good standing.--The term ``in good standing'', with
            respect to an FMOC, means that the FMOC--
                        (A) is approved by the Secretary pursuant to
                    section 107.807 of title 49, Code of Federal
                    Regulations (or a successor regulation); and
                        (B) has demonstrated 3 years of compliance with--
                                (i) part 107 of title 49, Code of Federal
                            Regulations (or successor regulations); and
                                (ii) chapter 51 of title 49, United States
                            Code.
        (b) Approval of Foreign Manufacturers of Cylinders.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary shall promulgate regulations
            to provide that an approval provided to an FMOC pursuant to
            section 107.807 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or a
            successor regulation), shall be for a period of not longer than
            1 year, except as provided under paragraph (2).
                (2) 5-year approval.--The Secretary may provide a 5-year
            approval of an FMOC pursuant to section 107.807 of title 49,
            Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation), if the
            following requirements are met:
                        (A) The FMOC attests that none of the cylinders
                    made by the FMOC are prohibited from entry to the
                    United States under section 307 of the Tariff Act of
                    1930 (19 U.S.C. 1307).
                        (B) The Secretary determines that the FMOC is in
                    good standing.
                (3) Facility inspections.--
                        (A) Definition of obstructs.--In this paragraph,
                    the term ``obstructs'' means taking actions that are
                    known, or reasonably should be known, to prevent,
                    hinder, or impede an inspection.
                        (B) Penalties.--The Secretary may suspend or
                    terminate an approval of an FMOC if the FMOC obstructs
                    or prevents the Secretary from carrying out an
                    inspection under section 107.807(c) of title 49, Code
                    of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation).
                (4) Interaction with other statutes, agreements,
            regulations.--Nothing in this section may be construed to
            prevent the harmonization of cylinder standards otherwise
            authorized by law.
                (5) Other cause for suspension or termination.--The
            Secretary may suspend or terminate an approval of an FMOC on
            determination that the FMOC knowingly or intentionally
            misrepresented responses to the Secretary required by law,
            including under subsection (e).
        (c) Reevaluation by Request for Related Violations.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate such
            regulations as are necessary to establish a process, as
            determined by the Secretary, for any interested party to
            request a reevaluation of the approval of FMOC cylinders under
            section 107.807 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or a
            successor regulation), to review the accuracy and safety of the
            actions of the FMOC.
                (2) Petition for reevaluation.--The regulations promulgated
            under paragraph (1) shall allow an interested party to file a
            petition if that party has evidence of inaccurate, changed, or
            fraudulent attestations or responses made by an FMOC to the
            Secretary under subsection (e).
        (d) Notice and Comment for Applications by Foreign Manufacturers of
    Cylinders.--On receipt of an application for approval under section
    107.807 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor
    regulation), the Secretary shall--
                (1) publish notification of the application on the website
            of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
            in a timely manner; and
                (2) provide not less than 30 days for public comment on the
            application prior to approval.
        (e) Foreign Manufacturers Listing Approvals.--Not later than 1 year
    after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the
    Secretary shall publish and maintain on the website of the Pipeline and
    Hazardous Materials Safety Administration a list of approved foreign
    manufacturers of cylinders and the duration of those approvals.
        (f) Authorizing Foreign Inspections.--Not later than 18 months
    after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall revise
    section 107.807(d) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations--
                (1) to require that in any case in which the Secretary
            determines there is good cause, an inspection under that
            section shall be carried out annually for such duration as the
            Secretary determines appropriate;
                (2) to specify that a refusal of inspection under that
            section shall result in a loss of the status of ``in good
            standing'';
                (3) to allow the Secretary to request, at the discretion of
            the Secretary--
                        (A) production of test and production records; and
                        (B) random sample testing; and
                (4) to allow for the recovery of all associated costs of
            foreign inspections to include travel, time, and other costs,
            as determined by the Secretary.

    SEC. 10607. SAFETY PLACARDS.

        (a) Rulemaking.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking for the ability
    of placards required by part 172 of title 49, Code of Federal
    Regulations, to withstand temperatures common in the uncontrolled
    burning of hazardous materials transported by rail or by other modes of
    surface transportation frequently used to transport freight.
        (b) Contents.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary
    shall--
                (1) determine the fire exposure conditions common in the
            burning of hazardous materials that placards shall be able to
            withstand, including--
                        (A) temperature thresholds; and
                        (B) length of time; and
                (2) consider the availability and reliability of testing
            equipment that can be used to simulate the fire exposure
            conditions in subparagraph (A).
        (c) Considerations for Adjustment of Placard Materials.--In
    developing the rulemaking under this section, the Secretary shall--
                (1) consider--
                        (A) safety benefits;
                        (B) scientific data;
                        (C) costs, including up front capital costs and
                    ongoing maintenance costs;
                        (D) operational benefits and challenges, including
                    installation time and component availability; and
                        (E) international, first responder, and other
                    commercial enterprises' experiences utilizing such
                    materials; and
                (2) gather, consider, and, as appropriate, incorporate
            input from relevant stakeholders, including--
                        (A) manufacturers of placards;
                        (B) entities conducting fireproof hazmat testing;
                        (C) entities representing first responders; and
                        (D) entities representing operators engaged in the
                    transport of hazardous materials.

    SEC. 10608. STUDY ON LIMITED COMMERCIAL DRIVER'S LICENSE HAZARDOUS
                  MATERIALS ENDORSEMENTS.

        (a) Study and Assessment.--The Secretary shall conduct a study and
    assessment investigating the feasibility of issuing material-specific
    hazardous materials endorsements to a commercial driver's license.
        (b) Request for Information.--Not later than 1 year after the date
    of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal
    Register a request for information seeking input and comment on the
    scope of the study and assessment required under subsection (a).
        (c) Contents.--The study and assessment under subsection (a) shall
    include--
                (1) the potential utility of a material-specific hazardous
            materials endorsement to a commercial driver's license for the
            movement of hazardous materials in interstate and intrastate
            commerce;
                (2) whether such an endorsement achieves equivalent levels
            of safety for the material being transported and equivalent
            levels of safety for other highway users;
                (3) issues related to the safe transportation of hazardous
            materials, the ability of regulatory agencies to monitor
            compliance, driver qualifications and training, and effects on
            operator liability;
                (4) the availability of commercial liability insurance for
            the transportation of hazardous materials, and whether limited
            endorsements will lower or increase the cost of such liability
            insurance;
                (5) the potential costs and benefits of such an
            endorsement; and
                (6) any other factors identified through the request for
            information process under subsection (b).
        (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 6 months after the closing
    of the public submission period of the request for information required
    under subsection (b), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
    the study and assessment required under subsection (a).

    SEC. 10609. REAL-TIME TRAIN CONSIST INFORMATION RULEMAKING EVALUATION.

        (a) Evaluation.--Not later than June 24, 2027, the Secretary shall,
    taking into account the rule titled ``Hazardous Materials: FAST Act
    Requirements for Real-Time Train Consist Information'' published on
    June 24, 2024 (89 Fed. Reg. 52956), undertake an evaluation regarding
    whether emergency responders, including volunteers and personnel of
    emergency communication centers, have access to real-time train consist
    information sufficient for purposes of responding to incidents.
        (b) Contents.--The evaluation under subsection (a) shall include
    the following:
                (1) An assessment of outreach to emergency responders and
            whether the activities of the railroad industry, Pipeline and
            Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, and other relevant
            organizations are sufficient to meet the needs of such
            emergency responders with respect to access and provision of
            real-time train consist information.
                (2) Identification of any gaps with respect to access and
            provision of real-time train consist information to such
            emergency responders and the needs of such emergency responders
            with respect to real-time train consist information.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the completion of the
    evaluation under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report including the results of the
    evaluation and any changes implemented by the Secretary since
    completion of the evaluation to ensure emergency responders, including
    volunteers and personnel of emergency communication centers, have
    access to real-time train consist information.
        (d) Class I Railroad; Class II Railroad; Class III Railroad
    Defined.--In this section, the terms ``Class I railroad'', ``Class II
    railroad'', and ``Class III railroad'' have the meanings given such
    terms in section 20102 of title 49, United States Code.

    SEC. 10610. STUDY ON EXCEPTION FOR INTRASTATE TRANSPORTATION OF DIESEL
                  FUEL IN SUPPORT OF LOGGING OR TIMBER OPERATIONS.

        (a) Report Required.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the
    Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
    Transportation of the Senate a report on whether to create an exception
    similar to the exception for agriculture under section 173.5 of title
    49, Code of Federal Regulations, that applies to the transportation of
    diesel fuel by a logging or timber company on local roads beginning or
    ending on logging or timber company property.
        (b) Elements.--In developing the report under subsection (a), the
    Comptroller General shall consider the following:
                (1) What legislative or regulatory revisions would need to
            be made to create a limited exception for the purposes
            described in subsection (a).
                (2) How many States and what road mileage, by State, would
            be impacted by such a revision.
                (3) Whether the exception should be limited to roads owned
            by logging or timber companies.
                (4) What safety, financial, and environmental impact the 5
            States with the largest logging and timber sectors would
            experience with this change.
                (5) What legislative, regulatory, or oversight measures
            should be adopted to ensure this exception only applies to
            local roads owned by logging or timber companies and that the
            diesel moved on such roads are for the express purpose of
            logging and timber operations.

    SEC. 10611. SAFER TANK CARS.

        (a) Phase-out Schedule.--Beginning on December 31, 2028, no
    railroad tank car, regardless of the construction date of the railroad
    tank car, may be used to transport Class 3 flammable liquid in packing
    groups II or III (other than Class 3 flammable liquids listed in
    paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 7304(b) of the Hazardous Materials
    Transportation Safety Improvement Act of 2015 (49 U.S.C. 20155 note)),
    regardless of the composition of the train consist, unless such tank
    car meets or exceeds DOT-117, DOT-117P, or DOT-117R specification
    requirements, as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act.
        (b) Conforming Regulatory Amendments.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary--
                        (A) shall immediately remove or revise the date-
                    specific deadlines in any applicable regulations or
                    orders to the extent necessary to conform with the
                    requirement under subsection (a); and
                        (B) may not enforce any date-specific deadlines or
                    requirements that are inconsistent with the requirement
                    under subsection (a).
                (2) Rule of construction.--Except as required under
            paragraph (1), nothing in this section may be construed to
            require the Secretary to issue regulations to implement this
            section.
        (c) Amending the Phase-out Date.--If the Secretary, based on the
    data contained in the report issued pursuant to subsection (d),
    determine that the phase-out date under subsection (a) cannot be met
    due to insufficient manufacturing capacity or would otherwise result in
    significant impacts to interstate commerce, the Secretary shall delay
    the phase-out scheduled under subsection (a) to May 1, 2029.
        (d) GAO Review.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall issue a report to
    the Secretary, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of
    the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science,
    and Transportation of the Senate that--
                (1) identifies the manufacturing capacity of tank car
            manufacturers in North America that manufacture tank cars to
            meet DOT-117 or DOT-117P specification requirements;
                (2) identifies the retrofit capacity of tank car
            manufacturers and other entities in North America that can
            retrofit DOT-111 tank cars to meet DOT-117R specification
            requirements;
                (3) estimates the schedule of replacing tank cars currently
            in service that are reaching the end of their life cycle;
                (4) identifies the number of tank cars that need to be
            phased out or retrofitted under subsection (a) and the number
            that could be retrofitted; and
                (5) estimates the demand for new tank cars.

    SEC. 10612. REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFE TRANSPORT OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES.

        Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary shall--
                (1) work with the United Nation Subcommittee of Experts on
            the Transportation of Dangerous Goods to revise the provisions
            for design tests in subsection 38.3 of the UN Manual of Tests
            and Criteria to develop an impact test for lithium-ion cells or
            batteries installed and transported in cargo transport units
            and transported under UN 3536 to allow improved ability to
            withstand forces experienced in transport accidents without
            going into thermal runaway;
                (2) issue such regulations as are necessary to amend
            section 173.185 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations to--
                        (A) require lithium-ion cells or batteries (as
                    defined in UN 3480) to be offered for commercial
                    transport at a state of charge not exceeding 30 percent
                    of the rated capacity of such cells or batteries
                    (determined through the guidance and methodology under
                    section 38.3.2.3 of the Manual of Tests and Criteria of
                    the United Nations); and
                        (B) authorize the transportation of lithium-ion
                    cells or batteries at a state of charge greater than 30
                    percent of the rated capacity of such cells or
                    batteries only under conditions approved by the
                    Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials of the
                    Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
                    in accordance with the requirements in subpart H of
                    part 107 of title 49, Code of Regulations;
                (3) issue such regulations as are necessary or promulgate
            final guidance on the safe transportation of damaged,
            defective, or recalled lithium-ion cells or batteries, and such
            regulations or guidance shall include guidance on the
            packaging, movement, and disposal of damaged, defective, or
            recalled lithium-ion cells or batteries; and
                (4) every 5 years, review the regulations and guidelines
            under this section and update such regulations and guidelines,
            as appropriate, to account for other emerging batteries or
            cells that pose a risk of thermal runaway as a result from a
            fire during commercial transport.

    SEC. 10613. INNOVATIVE THERMAL RUN-AWAY SUPPRESSION STRATEGIES.

        (a) In General.--Section 5118(c)(3) of title 49, United States
    Code, is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (F) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) in subparagraph (G) by striking the period at the end
            and inserting ``; and'' ; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(H) thermal runaway of lithium-ion cells or
                    batteries in commercial transport units, including--
                                ``(i) the effectiveness of innovative
                            technologies and methods to suppress such
                            thermal runaway of lithium-ion cells or
                            batteries in commercial transport units
                            transported under UN 3536, including
                            technologies and methods that do not use
                            materials listed in table 302.4 of section
                            302.4 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations,
                            and identified by chemical abstracts service
                            registry numbers 1763-23-1 and 335-67-1;
                                ``(ii) the impact of the state of charge of
                            a battery or cell on methods to suppress such
                            thermal runaway; and
                                ``(iii) methods for emergency responders to
                            verify the state of charge of a battery or cell
                            experiencing thermal runaway as a result of a
                            fire or crash during commercial transport.''.
        (b) Other Entities.--Notwithstanding section 5118(c)(2) of title
    49, United States Code, in addition to the National Academies, the
    Secretary may enter into agreements with facilities that specialize in
    fire suppression testing to carry out section 5118(c)(3)(H) of such
    title (as added by subsection (a)) and shall require from such
    facilities a report on the findings of any tests conducted pursuant to
    the agreement.
        (c) Recommendations.--Not later than 120 days after the receipt of
    all reports for which an agreement was entered into under subsection
    (b), the Secretary shall review the findings submitted by entities
    described in subsection (b) and submit to the Committee on
    Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and
    the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a
    report containing--
                (1) the findings detailed in each report, including which
            fire suppression tools and techniques were found to be most
            effective at suppressing thermal runaway resulting from a
            lithium-ion cell or battery fire;
                (2) the impact of the state of charge of a battery on the
            techniques and tools studied under the agreement;
                (3) information on the best methods to verify the state of
            charge of a lithium-ion battery or cell after a nonconsumptive
            event and how that information can inform decisions about how
            to safely mitigate thermal runaway; and
                (4) recommendations on whether, based on such review,
            updated guidance or training of the Pipeline and Hazardous
            Materials Safety Administration is necessary.
        (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amounts made available
    under section 5128(a) of title 49, United States Code, the Secretary
    shall withhold $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031 to
    enter into an agreement to carry out section 5118(c)(3)(H) of title 49,
    United States Code.
                                     <all>