[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 8604 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>






119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 8604

    To establish the Language Access Board, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             April 30, 2026

 Ms. Chu (for herself, Ms. Meng, Mr. Vargas, Mr. Goldman of New York, 
 Ms. Wilson of Florida, Ms. Norton, Mr. Lieu, Ms. Tlaib, Mr. Green of 
 Texas, Mr. Soto, Mr. Kennedy of New York, and Mr. Correa) introduced 
 the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Oversight 
                         and Government Reform

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
    To establish the Language Access Board, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Language Access Board Act of 2026''.

SEC. 2. LANGUAGE ACCESS BOARD.

    (a) Board Established.--There is established within the Federal 
Government the Language Access Board (referred to in this Act as the 
``Board'') which shall be composed of 32 members as follows:
            (1) 16 members shall be appointed by the President, in 
        accordance with the appointment requirements under subsection 
        (b), from among members of the public who are not Federal 
        employees, and one whom has been appointed under subparagraph 
        (A) of section 502 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 
        792) to serve as a public member of the Access Board 
        established under such section 502, and each of whom have 
        expertise in--
                    (A) developing or implementing policies or programs 
                related to language access issues;
                    (B) working with individuals with limited English 
                proficiency; or
                    (C) translation or interpretation services.
            (2) The remaining 16 members shall be the heads of each of 
        the following departments, agencies, or bureaus (or their 
        designees whose positions are executive level IV or higher):
                    (A) Department of Health and Human Services.
                    (B) Department of Transportation.
                    (C) Department of Housing and Urban Development.
                    (D) Department of Labor.
                    (E) Department of the Interior.
                    (F) Department of Agriculture.
                    (G) Department of Justice.
                    (H) Department of Veterans Affairs.
                    (I) Department of Homeland Security.
                    (J) Department of Education.
                    (K) Department of Commerce.
                    (L) Internal Revenue Service.
                    (M) Office of Management and Budget.
                    (N) Small Business Administration.
                    (O) Social Security Administration.
                    (P) Department of the Treasury.
    (b) Appointment Requirements.--Members described in subsection 
(a)(1) shall be appointed solely on the basis of their professional 
qualifications, achievements, public stature, and relevant expertise 
and experience, and without regard to political affiliation, but in no 
event shall more than 8 such members be members of the same political 
party.
    (c) Duties.--The duties of the Board shall be to--
            (1) enforce, issue requirements for, and investigate 
        violations of standards under, or prescribed pursuant to, 
        language access guidelines required in section 4(a), as 
        applicable;
            (2) establish, maintain, and provide technical assistance 
        and training on--
                    (A) language access standards for public-facing 
                resources or materials for federally conducted programs 
                or initiatives issued pursuant to section 4; and
                    (B) language access provisions of law identified in 
                the review required under section 3(b);
            (3) develop advisory information for, and provide 
        appropriate technical assistance to, Federal departments and 
        agencies, including--
                    (A) a duty to provide services for individuals with 
                limited English proficiency; or
                    (B) a duty to provide multilingual or non-English 
                resources, programs, or materials to individuals with 
                limited English proficiency;
            (4) study practices and approaches that help individuals 
        with limited English proficiency access Federal resources and 
        programs;
            (5) help connect individuals with limited English 
        proficiency with Federal resources and programs; and
            (6) promote language access for individuals with limited 
        English proficiency throughout all segments of society.
    (d) Term of Office.--
            (1) In general.--Each member described in subsection (a)(1) 
        shall be appointed for a term of 5 years, except as provided in 
        paragraph 2.
            (2) Terms of initial appointees.--As designated by the 
        President at the time of appointment, of the members described 
        in subsection (a)(1) first appointed--
                    (A) 6 shall be appointed for a term of 5 years;
                    (B) 5 shall be appointed for a term of 4 years; and
                    (C) 5 shall be appointed for a term of 3 years.
    (e) Chairperson; Vice-Chairperson.--The chairperson and vice-
chairperson of the Board shall be subject to the following 
requirements:
            (1) The chairperson and vice-chairperson of the Board shall 
        each be elected by majority vote of the members of the Board.
            (2) The chairperson and vice-chairperson of the Board shall 
        each serve for a term of 1 year.
            (3) The chairperson elected by the Board shall alternate, 
        on a term-by-term basis, between being a member described in 
        subsection (a)(1) or a member described in subsection (a)(2).
            (4) The chairperson and vice-chairperson of the Board may 
        not both be members described in subsection (a)(1) or both be 
        members described in subsection (a)(2).
            (5) The chairperson and vice-chairperson may not be members 
        of the same political party.
    (f) Vacancies.--
            (1) In general.--A member described in subsection (a)(1) 
        appointed to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of 
        the term to which that member's predecessor was appointed.
            (2) Change in status.--If any member described in 
        subsection (a)(1) becomes a Federal employee or employee of a 
        contractor of a Federal department or agency, such member may 
        continue as a member of the Board for not longer than the 60-
        day period beginning on the date the member becomes such an 
        employee.
    (g) Reappointment.--No member described in subsection (a)(1) may be 
reappointed to the Board more than once unless such individual has not 
served on the Board for a period of 30 months prior to the effective 
date of such individual's appointment.
    (h) Basic Pay.--
            (1) Appointed members.--Members described in subsection 
        (a)(1) shall be entitled to receive compensation at rates fixed 
        by the President, but not to exceed the daily equivalent of the 
        annual rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule 
        under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, including 
        travel time, for each day (including travel time) during which 
        they are engaged in the actual performance of their duties as 
        members of the Board.
            (2) Prohibition on compensation of federal employees.--
        Members described in subsection (a)(2) shall serve without 
        compensation.
    (i) Travel Expenses.--Each member shall receive travel expenses, 
including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with 
applicable provisions under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, 
United States Code.
    (j) Bylaws.--
            (1) In general.--The Board shall establish such bylaws and 
        other rules as may be appropriate to enable the Board to carry 
        out its functions under this Act.
            (2) Quorum.--The bylaws described in paragraph (1) shall 
        include quorum requirements that meet the following 
        requirements:
                    (A) A proxy may not be counted for purposes of 
                establishing a quorum.
                    (B) Not less than half the members required for a 
                quorum shall be members described under subsection 
                (a)(1).
    (k) Staff.--
            (1) In general.--The heads of each department and agency 
        described in subsection (a)(2) shall make available to the 
        Board such technical, administrative, or other assistance as it 
        may require to carry out its functions under this section, and 
        the Board may hire such other advisers, technical experts, and 
        consultants as it deems necessary to assist it in carrying out 
        its functions under this section. Special advisory and 
        technical experts and consultants hired pursuant to this 
        paragraph shall, while performing their functions under this 
        section, be entitled to receive compensation at rates fixed by 
        the Chairperson, but not exceeding the daily equivalent of the 
        rate of pay for level 4 of the Senior Executive Service 
        Schedule under section 5382 of title 5, United States Code, 
        including travel time, and while serving away from their homes 
        or regular places of business they may be allowed travel 
        expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as 
        authorized by section 5703 of such title for persons in the 
        Government service employed intermittently.
            (2) Required staff.--The Board shall hire an Executive 
        Director, hearing examiners, and such other professional and 
        clerical personnel as are necessary to carry out its functions 
        under this Act.
            (3) Role of executive director.--The Executive Director 
        shall exercise general supervision over all personnel employed 
        by the Board (other than hearing examiners and their 
        assistants). The Executive Director shall have final authority 
        on behalf of the Board, with respect to the investigation of 
        alleged noncompliance and in the issuance of formal complaints 
        before the Board, and shall have such other duties as the Board 
        may prescribe.
            (4) Role of hearing examiners.--The Board is authorized to 
        appoint as many hearing examiners as are necessary for 
        proceedings required to be conducted under this section. The 
        provisions applicable to hearing examiners appointed under 
        section 3105 of title 5, United States Code, shall apply to 
        hearing examiners appointed under this subsection. An order of 
        compliance issued by a hearing examiner shall be deemed to be 
        an order of the Board.
    (l) Powers of Board.--
            (1) In general.--The Board shall conduct investigations, 
        hold public hearings, and issue orders of compliance in 
        accordance with the requirements under this section as the 
        Board deems necessary to carry out its responsibilities under 
        this section.
            (2) Orders of compliance.--
                    (A) In general.--The provisions of subchapter II of 
                chapter 5, and chapter 7 of title 5, United States 
                Code, shall apply to procedures under this subsection, 
                and an order of compliance issued by the Board in 
                accordance with subparagraph (B) shall be a final order 
                for purposes of judicial review. Any such order 
                affecting any Federal department, agency, or 
                instrumentality of the United States shall be final and 
                binding on such department, agency, or instrumentality. 
                Pursuant to chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code, 
                any complainant or participant in a proceeding under 
                this subsection may obtain review of a final order 
                issued in such proceeding.
                    (B) Approval process.--
                            (i) In general.--Before the Board issues an 
                        order of compliance, the Board shall submit 
                        such order to the Director of the Office of 
                        Management and Budget for review. The Board may 
                        not issue an order of compliance that has not 
                        been approved by the Director.
                            (ii) Deadline.--Not later than 14 days 
                        after receiving an order of compliance from the 
                        Board for review under clause (i), the Director 
                        of the Office of Management and Budget shall 
                        approve or suggest a modification to such 
                        order. In the case that the Director does not 
                        act to approve or suggest a modification to 
                        such order before the expiration of such 
                        period, such inaction shall be deemed to be an 
                        approval of such order by the Director. In the 
                        event that the Director suggests a modification 
                        of the order, the Board may review and revise 
                        such modifications and shall resubmit the order 
                        to the Director for review within 30 days.
                    (C) Assistance.--The Board or the Director of the 
                Office of Management and Budget may request the 
                Inspector General of a Federal department or agency 
                subject to an order of compliance issued by the Board 
                (or an equivalent official, as applicable) to assist 
                with investigating, monitoring, or enforcing such 
                Federal department or agency's compliance with such 
                order of compliance.
            (3) Powers of executive director.--
                    (A) In general.--The Executive Director is 
                authorized, at the direction of the Board--
                            (i) in accordance with subparagraph (B), to 
                        bring a civil action in any appropriate United 
                        States district court to enforce, in whole or 
                        in part, any final order of the Board under 
                        this section;
                            (ii) to appear as amicus curiae, in any 
                        court of the United States or in any court of a 
                        State in civil actions that relate to this 
                        section; and
                            (iii) except as provided in section 518(a) 
                        of title 28, United States Code (relating to 
                        litigation before the Supreme Court), to appear 
                        for and represent the Board in any civil 
                        litigation brought under this section.
                    (B) Approval process.--
                            (i) In general.--Before the Executive 
                        Director may bring a civil action under 
                        subparagraph (A)(i), the Executive Director 
                        shall submit the applicable complaint to the 
                        Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
                        for review. The Executive Director may not file 
                        such complaint and bring such civil action 
                        without approval by the Director of the Office 
                        of Management and Budget.
                            (ii) Deadline.--Not later than 14 days 
                        after receiving a complaint described in 
                        subparagraph (A) from the Executive Director 
                        for review under clause (i), the Director of 
                        the Office of Management and Budget shall 
                        approve of filing or suggest a modification to 
                        the complaint. In the case that the Director of 
                        the Office of Management and Budget does not 
                        act to approve, or suggest a modification to, 
                        such complaint before the expiration of such 
                        period, such inaction shall be deemed to be an 
                        approval to file such complaint by the Director 
                        of the Office of Management and Budget. In the 
                        event that the Director suggests a modification 
                        of the complaint the Board may review and 
                        revise such modification and shall resubmit the 
                        complaint to the Director for review within 30 
                        days.
    (m) Contract Authority.--The Board may make grants to, or enter 
into contracts with, public or private organizations to carry out its 
duties under subsection (c).
    (n) Gifts, Bequests, and Devises.--
            (1) In general.--The Board may accept, hold, administer, 
        and utilize gifts, devises, and bequests of property, both real 
        and personal, for the purpose of aiding and facilitating the 
        functions of the Board under subsection (c). Gifts and bequests 
        of money and proceeds from sales of other property received as 
        gifts, devises, or bequests shall be deposited in the Treasury 
        and shall be disbursed upon the order of the Chairperson. 
        Property accepted pursuant to this section, and the proceeds 
        thereof, shall be used as nearly as possible in accordance with 
        the terms of the gifts, devises, or bequests. For purposes of 
        Federal income, estate, or gift taxes, property accepted under 
        this section shall be considered as a gift, devise, or bequest 
        to the United States.
            (2) Regulations.--The Board shall publish regulations 
        setting forth the criteria the Board will use in determining 
        whether the acceptance of gifts, devises, and bequests of 
        property, both real and personal, would reflect unfavorably 
        upon the ability of the Board or any employee to carry out the 
        responsibilities or official duties of the Board in a fair and 
        objective manner, or would compromise the integrity of or the 
        appearance of the integrity of a Government program or any 
        official involved in that program.
    (o) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, and every 2 years thereafter, the Board shall submit to 
Congress and the President, and publish on a publicly accessible 
website, a report that includes--
            (1) information and recommendations regarding--
                    (A) the extent to which public-facing resources and 
                materials for federally conducted programs and 
                initiatives are accessible to individuals with limited 
                English proficiency, including any adjustments made to 
                improve such access since the last report was submitted 
                under this subsection; and
                    (B) the state of compliance with the language 
                access standards issued pursuant to section 4 and 
                language access provisions of law;
            (2) a description and analysis of any investigations made 
        (other than investigations made pursuant to a complaint filed 
        under section 4(d)), and actions taken pursuant to such 
        investigations, by the Board since the last report was 
        submitted under this subsection as applicable; and
            (3) a description and analysis of any complaints filed 
        under section 4(d) with the Board, including the number of 
        complaints, the topics of such complaints, the current status 
        or resolution of such complaints, and actions taken pursuant to 
        such complaints (including any investigations), since the last 
        report was submitted under this subsection as applicable.

SEC. 3. REVIEW OF LANGUAGE ACCESS PROVISIONS OF LAW.

    (a) Study.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Board shall complete a study of--
                    (A) language access requirements, including 
                statutory provisions, regulatory provisions, and 
                Executive orders, that Federal departments and agencies 
                must follow, including any adjustments that have been 
                made to such language access requirements over time;
                    (B) barriers that prevent individuals with limited 
                English proficiency from connecting with, accessing, 
                participating in, or receiving outreach related to 
                Federal programs and initiatives, including measures to 
                reduce such barriers;
                    (C) the effect that failures to provide accessible 
                services has on individuals with limited English 
                proficiency, including--
                            (i) any costs borne by such individuals and 
                        the Federal Government as a result of such 
                        failures;
                            (ii) reduced use of services by such 
                        individuals; and
                            (iii) severe or adverse risks of critical 
                        delays in receiving such services;
                    (D) Federal department and agency standards and 
                best practices regarding the qualifications and usage 
                of interpreters and translators, including the use of 
                machine translation and artificial intelligence, in 
                translating resources or materials for federally 
                conducted programs or initiatives; and
                    (E) the effect that failing to translate resources 
                or materials for federally conducted programs or 
                initiatives, including inaccurate or incomplete 
                translation of such resources or materials, has on the 
                ability of Federal departments and agencies to carry 
                out their responsibilities.
            (2) Results.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Board shall--
                    (A) submit the results of the study required under 
                paragraph (1) to Congress and the President; and
                    (B) publish such results on a publicly accessible 
                website.
    (b) Review.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Board shall conduct a review of language access 
provisions of law and publish such results on a publicly accessible 
website.

SEC. 4. LANGUAGE ACCESS REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS FOR PROGRAM 
              MATERIALS.

    (a) Federal Departments and Agencies.--
            (1) Requirements.--
                    (A) In general.--When developing public-facing 
                resources or materials for programs or initiatives 
                (including vital documents and websites), each Federal 
                department or agency shall ensure, unless an undue 
                burden would be imposed on the Federal department or 
                agency, that such resources or materials are accessible 
                to individuals with limited English proficiency in a 
                format and manner that is comparable to the 
                accessibility of such resources or materials to members 
                of the public who are not individuals with limited 
                English proficiency.
                    (B) Alternative means efforts.--In accordance with 
                paragraph (4), when the development of public-facing 
                resources or materials for programs or initiatives in 
                accordance with the standards published by the Board 
                under paragraph (2) would impose an undue burden, the 
                Federal department or agency shall provide individuals 
                with limited English proficiency covered by this 
                paragraph with such resources or materials in a format 
                and manner that allows such individuals to access such 
                resources or materials.
            (2) Standards.--
                    (A) Initial standards.--
                            (i) In general.--Not later than 2 years 
                        after the date of enactment of this Act and in 
                        accordance with the requirements under 
                        subparagraph (C), the Board, after consultation 
                        with the heads of any Federal departments or 
                        agencies that the Board determines to be 
                        appropriate (including about relevant research 
                        findings) and consultation with appropriate 
                        public or nonprofit agencies or organizations, 
                        including organizations representing 
                        individuals with limited English proficiency, 
                        shall issue and publish in the Federal 
                        Register, standards setting forth the language 
                        access criteria necessary to implement the 
                        requirements set forth in paragraph (1).
                            (ii) Public comment period.--The Board 
                        shall publish such standards in the Federal 
                        Register for a 60-day public comment period to 
                        ensure that stakeholders, including individuals 
                        with limited English proficiency and 
                        organizations representing such individuals, 
                        have an adequate opportunity to provide input 
                        on these standards. Not later than 30 days 
                        after such 60-day public comment period, the 
                        Board shall review and consider all timely 
                        submitted comments and may revise the standards 
                        as appropriate before submitting such standards 
                        to the Director for review pursuant to 
                        subparagraph (C).
                    (B) Review and amendment.--In accordance with the 
                requirements under subparagraph (C), beginning not 
                later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this 
                Act, and every 5 years thereafter, the Board shall 
                review and, as appropriate, amend such standards 
                published in subparagraph (A) to reflect--
                            (i) technological advances or changes in 
                        electronic and information technology;
                            (ii) changes in Federal department and 
                        agency programs and initiatives;
                            (iii) changes in the demographic data of 
                        individuals with limited English proficiency 
                        and of the communities such individuals belong 
                        to; and
                            (iv) changes in the language access needs 
                        of such individuals and communities.
                    (C) Approval process.--
                            (i) In general.--Before the Board issues or 
                        amends the standards in accordance with 
                        subparagraph (A) or (B), the Board shall submit 
                        such standards to the Director of the Office of 
                        Management and Budget for review. The Board may 
                        not issue or amend such standards without 
                        approval by the Director.
                            (ii) Deadlines.--
                                    (I) In general.--Not later than 30 
                                days after receiving the standards 
                                (including amendments to such 
                                standards) from the Board for review 
                                under clause (i), the Director of the 
                                Office of Management and Budget shall 
                                approve or suggest a modification to 
                                such standards. In the case that the 
                                Director does not act to approve, or 
                                suggest a modification to, such 
                                standards before the expiration of such 
                                period, such inaction shall be deemed 
                                to be an approval of such standards by 
                                the Director.
                                    (II) Submission of revised 
                                standards.--In the event that the 
                                Director suggests a modification of the 
                                standards, not later than 30 days after 
                                receiving such modification, the Board 
                                may review and revise such 
                                modification, and submit to the 
                                Director revised standards that 
                                incorporate such revised modification.
            (3) Incorporation of standards.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 6 months after the 
                Board publishes the standards required under paragraph 
                (2), each Federal department or agency shall revise 
                their language access policies and directives to 
                incorporate those standards.
                    (B) Revision.--Not later than 6 months after the 
                Board revises any standards required under paragraph 
                (2), each appropriate Federal department or agency 
                shall revise their language access policies and 
                directives, as necessary, to incorporate the revisions.
            (4) Undue burden.--
                    (A) Request for waiver.--In the event that a 
                Federal department or agency determines that compliance 
                with a standard issued by the Board under paragraph (2) 
                imposes an undue burden related to a specific program, 
                initiative, or other activity of the Federal department 
                or agency, such Federal department or agency may 
                request a waiver for compliance with such standard and 
                provide the Board with documentation explaining why 
                such compliance would create an undue burden, which 
                shall--
                            (i) identify the standard creating the 
                        undue burden;
                            (ii) describe the nature of the undue 
                        burden; and
                            (iii) either--
                                    (I) propose an alternative standard 
                                to apply; or
                                    (II) explain why applying an 
                                alternative standard is not feasible.
                    (B) Review.--
                            (i) In general.--Not later than 30 days 
                        after receiving a waiver request described in 
                        subparagraph (A), the Board shall--
                                    (I) grant or deny the waiver 
                                request in accordance with clause (ii); 
                                or
                                    (II) request the Federal department 
                                or agency that submitted the waiver 
                                request to provide further information 
                                by not later than 30 days after 
                                receiving such request for further 
                                information.
                            (ii) Criteria.--In determining whether to 
                        grant or deny a waiver request described in 
                        subparagraph (A), the Board shall consider--
                                    (I) whether an individual with 
                                limited English proficiency is likely 
                                to interact with the Federal department 
                                or agency that submitted the waiver 
                                request, including an analysis of the 
                                number or proportion of such 
                                individuals served by such Federal 
                                department or agency and the frequency 
                                of contact with such department or 
                                agency by such individuals;
                                    (II) whether a failure to comply 
                                with the applicable standard is likely 
                                to result in significant harm, 
                                including a denial of benefits or 
                                diminished civil rights protections;
                                    (III) the costs borne by such 
                                Federal department or agency due to 
                                compliance with the applicable 
                                standard, including the resources 
                                available to the Federal department or 
                                agency; and
                                    (IV) whether an alternative 
                                standard can be applied that would 
                                avoid causing such significant harm.
                            (iii) Duration.--A waiver granted under 
                        this subparagraph shall be for a period of not 
                        more than 2 years.
                            (iv) Record.--The Board shall maintain a 
                        publicly accessible record of all waiver 
                        requests described in subparagraph (A).
                    (C) Requirement.--The Board shall ensure that a 
                waiver granted under subparagraph (B) does not--
                            (i) result in the denial of meaningful 
                        access to a federally conducted program or 
                        initiative; or
                            (ii) relieve a Federal department or agency 
                        of the obligation to take reasonable steps to 
                        provide language assistance services.
    (b) Technical Assistance.--The Board shall provide technical 
assistance to individuals and Federal departments and agencies 
concerning the requirements under this section.
    (c) Evaluations.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter, the head 
        of each Federal department or agency shall, in accordance with 
        paragraph (2)--
                    (A) evaluate the extent to which the public-facing 
                resources and materials for programs and initiatives of 
                the department or agency are accessible to individuals 
                with limited English proficiency described in 
                subsection (a)(1), compared to the access to the 
                resources and materials by individuals described in 
                such subsection who are not individuals with limited 
                English proficiency;
                    (B) submit a report containing the evaluation to 
                Congress, the President, and the Board; and
                    (C) not later than 60 days after completing such 
                evaluation, take appropriate steps, based on such 
                evaluation, to update, modify, or amend the programs, 
                initiatives, and public-facing resources and materials 
                of the department or agency to improve accessibility 
                for individuals with limited English proficiency, 
                consistent with the most recent applicable standards 
                issued by the Board.
            (2) Requirements.--An evaluation described in paragraph (1) 
        shall take into account the following:
                    (A) Language access compliance measures.
                    (B) Quality assurance standards.
                    (C) Federal program and initiative participant 
                outcomes.
                    (D) The use of qualified or certified interpreters 
                and translators.
                    (E) Training requirements for staff and 
                contractors.
                    (F) Stakeholder feedback.
                    (G) The impact of failing to provide accessible 
                programs and initiatives.
                    (H) Any other standards, activities, or information 
                related to programs or initiatives of the Federal 
                department or agency, as determined relevant by the 
                department or agency.
    (d) Complaints.--
            (1) In general.--
                    (A) Process.--Effective 6 months after the date of 
                publication by the Board of final standards described 
                in subsection (a)(2), any individual with limited 
                English proficiency (or an organization acting on 
                behalf of such an individual) may file a complaint with 
                the Board alleging that a Federal department or agency 
                fails to comply with the requirements under subsection 
                (a)(1).
                    (B) Application.--This subsection shall apply only 
                to public-facing resources or materials for programs or 
                initiatives of a Federal department or agency that are 
                produced by a Federal department or agency not less 
                than 6 months after the date of publication by the 
                Board of final standards described in subsection 
                (a)(2).
                    (C) Complaints submitted to the board.--In the case 
                that the Board determines that a complaint filed with 
                the Board is outside the jurisdiction of the Board, the 
                Board shall notify the individual who filed such 
                complaint of such determination and refer the 
                individual to the appropriate entity to investigate 
                such complaint as applicable.
                    (D) Complaints submitted to federal department or 
                agency.--In the case that a Federal department or 
                agency receives a complaint that falls under the 
                jurisdiction of the Board, the Federal department or 
                agency shall forward such complaint to the Board and 
                consult with the Board regarding how such complaint 
                should be investigated.
                    (E) Confidentiality.--Any information provided by 
                an individual under this subsection, including 
                personally identifying information, shall only be 
                utilized for the purposes of, and to the extent 
                necessary in, ensuring the efficient investigation of 
                their complaint. Any person or agency receiving 
                information from the Board shall use it only for the 
                purposes of ensuring efficient investigation of the 
                complaint.
            (2) Corrective action plan.--
                    (A) In general.--In the case that the Board 
                investigates a complaint and determines that the 
                Federal department or agency implicated in the 
                complaint is not in compliance with the requirements 
                under subsection (a)(1), the Board shall collaborate 
                with the Federal department or agency to develop a 
                corrective action plan, which shall include--
                            (i) if determined appropriate by the Board, 
                        a joint investigation by the Board and the 
                        Federal department or agency of the language 
                        access requirements and procedures of such 
                        department or agency;
                            (ii) steps for the Federal department or 
                        agency to take in order to make progress on 
                        satisfying such requirements; and
                            (iii) a timeline for achieving compliance 
                        with such requirements.
                    (B) Approval process.--
                            (i) In general.--Before a corrective action 
                        plan developed pursuant to subparagraph (A) may 
                        be entered into by the Board, the Board shall 
                        submit such corrective action plan to the 
                        Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
                        for review. The Board may not enter into such 
                        corrective action plan without approval by the 
                        Director.
                            (ii) Deadlines.--
                                    (I) In general.--Not later than 14 
                                days after receiving a corrective 
                                action plan described in subparagraph 
                                (A) from the Board for review under 
                                clause (i), the Director of the Office 
                                of Management and Budget shall approve 
                                or suggest a modification to such 
                                corrective action plan. In the case 
                                that the Director does not act to 
                                approve, or suggest a modification to, 
                                such corrective action plan before the 
                                expiration of such period, such 
                                inaction shall be deemed to be an 
                                approval of such corrective action plan 
                                by the Director.
                                    (II) Submission of revised 
                                corrective plan.--In the event that the 
                                Director suggests a modification of the 
                                corrective plan, not later than 30 days 
                                after receiving such modification, 
                                Board may review and revise such 
                                modification, and submit to the 
                                Director a revised corrective plan that 
                                incorporates such revised modification.
                    (C) Monitoring.--The Board shall monitor the 
                progress of a Federal department or agency that 
                implements a corrective action plan described in 
                paragraph (A).
                    (D) Notice.--In the case that a corrective action 
                plan is developed under subparagraph (A) due to a 
                complaint received pursuant to paragraph (1)(A), not 
                later than 60 days after such plan is completed, the 
                Board shall notify the individual who submitted such 
                complaint in writing of whether the Federal department 
                or agency is now in compliance with the requirements 
                under subsection (a)(1) and of any additional steps the 
                Board plans to take regarding the complaint.
                    (E) Record.--The Board shall maintain a publicly 
                accessible record of all corrective action plans 
                described in subparagraph (A).
            (3) Application to other federal laws.--This subsection 
        shall not be construed to limit any right, remedy, or procedure 
        otherwise available under any provision of Federal law 
        (including under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 
        U.S.C. 2000d et seq.)) that provides protection for the rights 
        of individuals with limited English proficiency, including the 
        ability to file a complaint pertaining to language access with 
        an entity other than the Board.

SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' has the meaning given that 
        term in section 551 of title 5, United States Code.
            (2) Federally conducted program or initiative.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``federally conducted 
                program or initiative'' means any program, activity, or 
                operation that is directly administered by a Federal 
                agency including through its officers, employees, or 
                contractors acting on its behalf, in which the Federal 
                agency exercises day-to-day operational control over 
                program implementation, and that involves contact with 
                the public, the administration of Federal benefits, or 
                communication with members of the public or program 
                participants.
                    (B) Exclusions.--The term ``federally conducted 
                program or initiative'' does not include programs or 
                activities that are administered by a non-Federal 
                entity, including a State, local, Tribal, or 
                territorial government, or a private entity, even if 
                funded in part by the Federal Government but 
                administered by non-Federal entities, unless the 
                Federal Government exercises day-to-day direct 
                operational control (except that for purposes of this 
                paragraph Federal funding, rulemaking, approval of 
                plans or applications, or regulatory oversight shall 
                not, standing alone, constitute day-to-day operational 
                control).
            (3) Individual with limited english proficiency.--The term 
        ``individual with limited English proficiency'' means an 
        individual who--
                    (A) uses a primary language other than English; and
                    (B) has a limited ability to read, speak, write, or 
                understand English.
            (4) Language access.--The term ``language access'' means 
        the ability of individuals with limited English proficiency to 
        meaningfully access and participate in programs, initiatives, 
        services, and activities, including the ability for such 
        individuals to engage in equitable and effective communication 
        regarding such programs, initiatives, services, and activities 
        through interpretation, translation, and other language 
        assistance services.
            (5) Language access provision of law.--The term ``language 
        access provision of law'' means any provision of a Federal 
        statute, regulation, or Executive order, or a policy 
        established by a Federal department or agency to carry out or 
        comply with such a provision, that requires a Federal 
        department or agency to provide or ensure access to a federally 
        conducted program or initiative by individuals with limited 
        English proficiency and includes, with respect to a Federal 
        department or agency, a legal obligation (including a 
        requirement established by Federal statute, regulation, or 
        Executive order)--
                    (A) to provide language assistance or remove 
                language barriers in a specific programmatic context, 
                including in education, voting, health care, housing, 
                taxation, emergency response, nutrition assistance, and 
                the administration of justice;
                    (B) to ensure language access, including through 
                establishing standards for meaningful access to a 
                federally conducted program or initiative;
                    (C) related to the translation of public-facing 
                resources or materials for the programs or initiatives 
                of the Federal department or agency, including vital 
                documents and websites;
                    (D) related to the development and implementation 
                of a language access plan, including an obligation to 
                update such a plan;
                    (E) related to the quality, accuracy, and 
                confidentiality of interpretation and translation 
                services, including the use of qualified personnel and 
                artificial intelligence;
                    (F) to train staff and relevant personnel on 
                language access obligations and procedures;
                    (G) related to the collection and analysis of data 
                to assess language access needs and evaluate the 
                effectiveness of language access services; or
                    (H) related to monitoring, compliance, and 
                accountability mechanisms designed to ensure adherence 
                to language access requirements.
            (6) Language assistance services.--The term ``language 
        assistance services'' means oral and written services used to 
        assist individuals with limited English proficiency meaningful 
        access to, and an equal opportunity to participate fully in, 
        the services, activities, and other programs administered by 
        the Federal Government.
            (7) Meaningful access.--The term ``meaningful access'' 
        means access that--
                    (A) results in accurate, timely, and effective 
                communication at no cost to the individual with limited 
                English proficiency; and
                    (B) is comparable to the access provided to 
                individuals who are proficient in English.
            (8) Public-facing resources or materials.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``public-facing resources 
                or materials'' means any information, communication, or 
                service produced or provided by a Federal agency or 
                department that is intended for routine access or use 
                by the general public to obtain general information 
                about, or assistance in accessing, Federal programs, 
                benefits, or services. Such term includes--
                            (i) written or printed materials commonly 
                        required to be completed by members of the 
                        public, including forms, applications, and 
                        notices;
                            (ii) digital or online content designed for 
                        general public use, including primary public 
                        websites and commonly accessed web pages; and
                            (iii) public-facing service channels 
                        through which individuals may obtain general 
                        information or assistance, including telephone 
                        hotlines, call centers, and in-person or 
                        virtual assistance services.
                    (B) Exclusions.--The term ``public-facing resources 
                or materials'' does not include--
                            (i) technical, scientific, legal, or policy 
                        materials primarily intended for specialized or 
                        expert audiences; or
                            (ii) materials that are not routinely 
                        accessed by or necessary for a reasonable 
                        member of the general public to obtain 
                        information or services from a Federal agency 
                        or department.
            (9) Vital document.--The term ``vital document'' means any 
        physical or digital material--
                    (A) required to be submitted by an individual 
                before such individual may obtain any aid, benefit, 
                service, or training provided under a federally 
                conducted program or initiative, including an 
                application related to such a program or initiative;
                    (B) required to be provided by Federal law, 
                including a notice of rights and responsibilities; or
                    (C) containing information critical for fully 
                participating in or understanding a federally conducted 
                program or initiative, including--
                            (i) a letter or notice that requires a 
                        response from a beneficiary, applicant, 
                        participant, or employee;
                            (ii) a consent form; or
                            (iii) a complaint form.
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