[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 8516 Introduced in House (IH)]
<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 8516
To make certain improvements relating to artificial intelligence, and
for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
April 27, 2026
Mr. Lieu (for himself and Mr. Obernolte) introduced the following bill;
which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology,
and in addition to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Agriculture,
Oversight and Government Reform, Education and Workforce, the
Judiciary, and Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently
determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such
provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To make certain improvements relating to artificial intelligence, and
for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``American
Leadership in AI Act''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
TITLE I--STRENGTHENING STANDARDS, TESTING, AND EVALUATIONS
Subtitle A--Center for AI Standards and Innovation
Sec. 101. Center for AI Standards and Innovation.
Subtitle B--Support for Artificial Intelligence and Other Critical and
Emerging Technologies by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology.
Sec. 111. Definitions.
Sec. 112. United States participation in organizations developing
standards and specifications for artificial
intelligence and other critical and
emerging technologies.
Sec. 113. Pilot program to support standards meetings for artificial
intelligence and other critical and
emerging technologies in the United States.
Subtitle C--Research on Development Best Practices by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology
Sec. 121. Research on development best practices by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology.
TITLE II--BUILD RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE AND SPUR GROUNDBREAKING
RESEARCH
Subtitle A--National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource
Sec. 201. National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource.
Subtitle B--National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Pilot
Program
Sec. 211. National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource pilot
program.
Subtitle C--Prize Competitions for Artificial Intelligence Research and
Development
Sec. 221. Prize competitions for artificial intelligence research and
development.
Subtitle D--Grants to Perform Research Regarding the Use of Generative
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care
Sec. 231. Grants to perform research regarding the use of generative
artificial intelligence in health care.
Subtitle E--Department of Agriculture and National Science Foundation
Research and Development Coordination
Sec. 241. Department of Agriculture and National Science Foundation
research and development coordination.
Subtitle F--Department of Energy Artificial Intelligence Research
Program
Sec. 251. Department of Energy artificial intelligence research
program.
TITLE III--MODERNIZING FEDERAL AI GOVERNANCE, PROCUREMENT, AND SECURITY
Subtitle A--Federal Standards for Artificial Intelligence
Sec. 301. Federal standards for artificial intelligence.
Subtitle B--AI Leadership to Enable Accountable Deployment
Sec. 311. Definitions.
Sec. 312. Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers Council.
Sec. 313. Agency artificial intelligence officers.
Sec. 314. Agency coordination on artificial intelligence.
Sec. 315. GAO reports.
Sec. 316. Post-enactment guidance from the Director.
Sec. 317. Sunset.
Subtitle C--AI Incident Reporting and Security Enhancement
Sec. 321. Activities to support voluntary vulnerability and incident
tracking associated with artificial
intelligence.
TITLE IV--PROTECTING WORKERS AND EMPOWERING SMALL BUSINESSES
Subtitle A--AI Workforce Research Hub
Sec. 401. AI Workforce Research Hub.
Subtitle B--Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement
Sec. 411. Resources for small businesses to utilize artificial
intelligence.
TITLE V--SAFEGUARDING AMERICANS AND DETERRING HARMFUL DEEPFAKES
Subtitle A--Disrupting Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits
Sec. 501. Civil action relating to disclosure of intimate images.
Sec. 502. Severability; rule of construction.
Subtitle B--AI Fraud Deterrence
Sec. 511. Financial crimes and artificial intelligence.
Sec. 512. AI impersonation of Federal officials.
Subtitle C--AI Whistleblower Protection
Sec. 521. Definitions.
Sec. 522. Anti-retaliation protection for AI whistleblowers.
TITLE VI--EXPANDING EDUCATION, LITERACY, AND INCLUSION
Subtitle A--Codifying AI Literacy Efforts of the AI Task Force
Sec. 601. AI literacy efforts of the AI Task Force.
Subtitle B--New Collar Jobs Tax Credit
Sec. 611. Employee cybersecurity education.
Sec. 612. Cybersecurity training incentive for Government contracts.
Subtitle C--Literacy in Future Technologies Artificial Intelligence
Sec. 621. Preparing K-12 educators and students for an AI literate
future.
Subtitle D--Expanding AI Voices Through Capacity Building
Sec. 631. Expanding capacity in artificial intelligence science.
Subtitle E--NSF AI Education
Sec. 641. Scholarships and fellowships in artificial intelligence.
Sec. 642. Community college and area career and technical educational
school centers of AI excellence.
Sec. 643. Awards for research on artificial intelligence in education.
Sec. 644. National STEM Teacher Corps.
TITLE I--STRENGTHENING STANDARDS, TESTING, AND EVALUATIONS
Subtitle A--Center for AI Standards and Innovation
SEC. 101. CENTER FOR AI STANDARDS AND INNOVATION.
(a) Definitions.--Section 5002 of the National Artificial
Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401; as enacted as part
of division E of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021; Public Law 116-283) is
amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), (8),
(9), (10), and (11) as paragraphs (6), (8), (9), (10), (11),
(12), (13), and (14), respectively;
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following new
paragraphs:
``(4) Artificial intelligence red teaming.--The term
`artificial intelligence red teaming' means a structured
testing in a controlled environment simulating real-world
conditions, using adversarial methods to find flaws and
vulnerabilities in an artificial intelligence system and
identify risks, flaws, and vulnerabilities of artificial
intelligence systems, such as harmful outputs from such system,
unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors, limitations, and
potential risks associated with the misuse of such system.
``(5) Artificial intelligence system.--The term `artificial
intelligence system'--
``(A) means any data system, software, application,
tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part
using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or
other forms of artificial intelligence, whether--
``(i) the data system, software,
application, tool, or utility is established
primarily for the purpose of researching,
developing, or implementing artificial
intelligence technology; or
``(ii) artificial intelligence capability
is integrated into another system or agency
business process, operational activity, or
technology system; and
``(B) does not include any common commercial
product within which artificial intelligence is
embedded, such as a word processor or map navigation
system.''; and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (6), as so redesignated,
the following new paragraph:
``(7) Federal laboratory.--The term `Federal laboratory'
has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).''.
(b) Establishment.--Title LIII of division E of the William M.
(Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2021 (Public Law 116-283; 134 Stat. 4523) is amended by adding at the
end the following new section:
``SEC. 5304. CENTER FOR AI STANDARDS AND INNOVATION.
``(a) Establishment.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (in this section referred to as the
`Director') shall establish a center on artificial
intelligence, to be known as the `Center for AI Standards and
Innovation' (in this section referred to as the `Center'), to
ensure continued United States leadership in research,
development, and evaluation of the reliability, robustness,
resilience, security, and safety of artificial intelligence
systems.
``(2) Purposes.--The purposes of the Center are as follows:
``(A) To advance the measurement science for
artificial intelligence reliability, robustness,
resilience, security, and safety.
``(B) To support the National Institute of
Standards and Technology laboratories as such
laboratories carry out artificial intelligence
activities related to robustness, resilience, and
safety in accordance with section 22A of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C.
278h-1).
``(C) To collaborate with the private sector,
standards development organizations, civil society, and
Federal agencies in supporting the development of
voluntary best practices and technical standards for
evaluating the reliability, robustness, resilience,
security, and safety-related challenges and
remediations of artificial intelligence systems.
``(D) To increase the understanding of State,
local, and Tribal governments, institutions of higher
education, private sector entities, and the public of
the reliability, robustness, resilience, security, and
safety-related challenges and remediations of
artificial intelligence.
``(3) Director.--The Director or appropriate designee shall
serve as the Director of the Center.
``(4) Consultation and coordination.--In establishing the
Center, the Director shall--
``(A) coordinate with--
``(i) the Director of the National Science
Foundation;
``(ii) the Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy;
``(iii) the Secretary of Energy;
``(iv) the Secretary of Defense; and
``(v) the Secretary of Homeland Security;
and
``(B) consult with the heads of such other Federal
agencies as the Director considers appropriate.
``(5) Activities.--The activities of the Center may include
the following:
``(A) Conducting evaluations and benchmarking of
the capabilities and limitations of artificial
intelligence over time.
``(B) Conducting measurement research to inform the
development of recommended best practices, benchmarks,
methodologies, procedures, voluntary consensus-based
technical standards, and other resources for the
evaluation and assurance of reliable, robust,
resilient, secure, and safe artificial intelligence
systems and reduce the risk of the misuse of such
systems, including relating to the following:
``(i) Common definitions and
characterizations for aspects of artificial
intelligence reliability, robustness,
resiliency, security, and safety, and the
measurement of such that are applicable across
many sectors and use cases.
``(ii) The reliability, robustness,
resilience, security, and safety of artificial
intelligence systems and use cases, including
the ability for such systems to withstand
unexpected inputs and adversarial attacks.
``(iii) Testing, evaluation, validation,
and verification methods for risk management,
including measurement of and assurance for
accuracy, transparency, reliability, security,
verifiability, and safety throughout the
lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems,
including through artificial intelligence red
teaming.
``(iv) Reference use cases for artificial
intelligence systems and criteria for assessing
safety risk in each such use case.
``(C) Providing to relevant Federal agencies and
National Institute of Standards and Technology
laboratories, as appropriate, input and support for
artificial intelligence risk management regarding
reliability, robustness, resilience, security, and
safety-related topics.
``(D) Engaging with, or supporting the engagement
of the United States Government with, international
standards organizations, multilateral organizations,
and organizations and topically relevant bodies among
allies and partners to support international
collaboration with respect to activities described in
this paragraph.
``(E) As appropriate, and in coordination with
ongoing National Institute of Standards and Technology
activities, coordinating Federal research, development,
demonstration, and standards engagement related to
artificial intelligence reliability, robustness,
resilience, security, and safety.
``(6) Requirements.--In carrying out the activities
described in paragraph (5), the Director shall carry out the
following:
``(A) Support research that assesses and mitigates
reliability, robustness, resilience, security, and
safety risks of artificial intelligence systems across
several timescales, including demonstrable safety risks
that arise from the use and misuse of such systems.
``(B) Assess scenarios in which such systems could
be deployed to create risks for economic or national
security.
``(C) Leverage computing resources, access to open
datasets, open source software, and other resources
from industry, the government, nonprofit organizations
(as such term is defined in section 201 of title 35,
United States Code), Federal laboratories, and
institutions of higher education to advance the mission
of the Center, as appropriate.
``(D) Leverage existing Federal investments to
advance the mission of the Center.
``(E) Avoid unnecessary duplication with National
Institute of Standards and Technology laboratory
activities authorized under section 22A of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C.
278h-1).
``(7) Report.--For each fiscal year beginning with fiscal
year 2027, not later than 90 days after the President submits a
budget for such fiscal year pursuant to section 1105 of title
31, United States Code, the Director shall submit to the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate a report that includes the
following:
``(A) A summarized budget in support of the Center
for such fiscal year.
``(B) A description of the goals, priorities, and
metrics for guiding and evaluating the activities of
the Center.
``(b) Establishment of Consortium.--
``(1) In general.--The Director shall establish a
consortium (in this section referred to as the `Consortium') of
stakeholders from academic or research communities, Federal
laboratories, private industry, and civil society in matters
relating to artificial intelligence reliability, robustness,
resilience, security, and safety to support the following:
``(A) The Center, in carrying out the activities
specified in subsection (a)(5).
``(B) The National Institute of Standards and
Technology in carrying out section 22A of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C.
278h-1).
``(2) Goals.--In addition to supporting the Center in
carrying out activities under subsection (a)(5), the goals of
the Consortium are the following:
``(A) To evaluate the needs of stakeholders,
including industry and civil society.
``(B) Identify where gaps remain in the activities
of the Center, including relating to measurement
research and support for standards development, and
provide recommendations to the Center on how to address
such gaps.
``(3) Report.--Not later than two years after the date of
the enactment of this section, the Director shall submit to the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate a report summarizing the
contributions of the members of the Consortium in support the
efforts of the Center.
``(c) Scientific Integrity.--The Director shall ensure the Center,
Consortium, and staff adhere to policies and procedures established
pursuant to section 1009 of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 6620),
including by providing mechanisms for an employee or associate of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, a member of the
Consortium, a private sector entity, researcher, or student affiliated
with the Center or Consortium, an employee of an agency working with
the Center, or a member of the public to report violations of such
policies by confidential and anonymous means.
``(d) Security.--This section shall be carried out in accordance
with the provision of subtitle D of title VI of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.;
enacted as part of division B of Public Law 117-167) and section 223 of
the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2021 (42 U.S.C. 6605).
``(e) Limitation.--Information shared by an entity with, or
provided to, the Director for the purpose of the activities described
in this section may not be used by any Federal, State, local, or Tribal
department or agency to regulate the activity of such entity.
``(f) Prohibitions.--Nothing in this section may be construed to--
``(1) provide the Director any enforcement authority that
was not in effect on the day before the date of the enactment
of this section;
``(2) confer any regulatory authority to any Federal,
State, Tribal, or local department or agency;
``(3) require any private sector entity to share data,
including proprietary information, with the Director, the
Center, or the Consortium; or
``(4) modify any regulatory requirement to report or submit
information to a Federal, State, Tribal or local department or
agency.
``(g) Sunset.--This section shall terminate on the date that is six
years after the date of the enactment of this section.
``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is to be authorized
to be appropriated to the Director $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2027 to
carry out this section.''.
(c) Hiring Critical Technical Experts Update.--Subsection (c) of
section 6 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15
U.S.C. 275) is amended by striking ``section (b) shall expire on the
date that is 5 years'' and inserting ``subsection (b) shall expire on
the date that is 7 years''.
(d) Clerical Amendments.--The tables of contents in section 2(b)
and title LIII of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 are amended by inserting after
the items relating to section 5303 the following new items:
``Sec. 5304. Center for AI Standards and Innovation.''.
Subtitle B--Support for Artificial Intelligence and Other Critical and
Emerging Technologies by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology
SEC. 111. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Covered artificial intelligence and other critical and
emerging technologies.--The term ``covered artificial
intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies''
means a subset of artificial intelligence and other critical
and emerging technologies included in the list of such
technologies identified and maintained by the National Science
and Technology Council of the Office of Science and Technology
Policy as the Director considers appropriate for purposes of
this subtitle.
(2) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
SEC. 112. UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPING
STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AND OTHER CRITICAL AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES.
(a) Briefing Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Director shall provide to
Congress a briefing to assist in the evaluation and
identification of opportunities for Federal Government support
for industry-led efforts in the development of technical
standards for artificial intelligence and other critical and
emerging technologies.
(2) Interagency consultation.--In preparing the briefing
required by paragraph (1), the Director shall consult with the
heads of such Federal agencies as the Director considers
relevant.
(3) Elements.--The briefing provided pursuant to paragraph
(1) shall include the following:
(A) An overview of standards activities relating to
artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging
technologies and information about the following:
(i) Key technical standards that are the
subject of ongoing activity.
(ii) Key standards bodies hosting these
activities.
(iii) Any Federal agency that is
participating in these activities.
(B) An analysis identifying where participation by
United States industry and Federal agencies in
standards activities in artificial intelligence and
other critical and emerging technologies would be
facilitated or enhanced by conducting standards
meetings hosted in the United States.
(C) Recommendations for effectively informing
United States industry and Federal agencies on ongoing
standardization activities with the objective of
increasing participation of such industry and agencies
in such activities.
(4) Federal agency notice requirement.--
(A) In general.--Using the mechanism established
pursuant to subparagraph (B), each head of a Federal
agency shall transmit to the Director notice of the
participation of their respective Federal agency in a
standards activity relating to artificial intelligence
and other critical and emerging technologies.
(B) Mechanism.--The Director shall, in coordination
with the Director of the Office of Management and
Budget, develop a mechanism for reporting participation
by Federal agencies in standards activities.
(b) Web Portal.--
(1) In general.--In order to inform United States industry
and Federal agencies about existing and ongoing international
efforts to develop technical standards for artificial
intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies and
opportunities for participation in such efforts, the Director
shall establish an accessible web portal to help such industry
and agencies navigate and participate in such efforts.
(2) Contents.--The web portal established pursuant to
paragraph (1) shall include regularly updated lists of the
following:
(A) International efforts described in paragraph
(1) and information on opportunities for participation
in such efforts.
(B) Information on accessing standards, both in
development and published, for artificial intelligence
and other critical and emerging technologies.
(3) Administration.--The Director may inter into such
cooperative agreements with such nongovernmental organizations
as the Director considers appropriate to establish the web
portal required by paragraph (1).
SEC. 113. PILOT PROGRAM TO SUPPORT STANDARDS MEETINGS FOR ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE AND OTHER CRITICAL AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
IN THE UNITED STATES.
(a) Pilot Program Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, and subject to the availability of
appropriated funds, the Director shall, in coordination with
the heads of such other Federal agencies as the Director
considers appropriate, establish a pilot program on supporting
standards meetings for artificial intelligence and other
critical and emerging technologies in the United States by
awarding grants to eligible entities described in subsection
(b) hosting meetings of organizations described in paragraph
(1) of such subsection to support the hosting of such meetings
in the United States.
(2) Administration.--The Director may carry out the pilot
program required by paragraph (1) by entering into such
cooperative agreements with such nongovernmental organizations
as the Director considers appropriate to establish and
administer the pilot program.
(b) Eligible Entities.--For purposes of the pilot program required
by subsection (a), an eligible entity is--
(1) an organization that is developing standards and
specifications for artificial intelligence and other critical
and emerging technologies for at least 1 technical standard
that affects the interests of 1 or more Federal agencies; or
(2) an entity that hosts an organization described in
paragraph (1).
(c) Grants.--
(1) In general.--In carrying out the pilot program required
by subsection (a), the Director shall award grants to eligible
entities to host meetings as described in such subsection.
(2) Use of funds.--An eligible entity receiving a grant
under this subsection to host a meeting in the United States
may use the amount of the grant for such costs as the Director
considers reasonable for hosting the meeting in the United
States, but not more than fifty percent of anticipated cost of
hosting the meeting and not more than a maximum amount that the
Director shall establish for purposes of this subsection. Such
costs may include the following:
(A) Costs related to the preparation and planning
of meetings described in subsection (a).
(B) Meeting venue-related expenses.
(C) Such other costs that may support the eligible
entity in conducting a standards meeting in the United
States.
(3) Considerations.--In deciding whether to award a grant
under this subsection to an eligible entity to host a meeting,
the Director may consider the extent to which the eligible
entity--
(A) is or hosts an organization that administers
technical standards activity in artificial intelligence
and other critical and emerging technologies that
involves United States-based participants, including
but not limited to participants from Federal agencies
of the United States;
(B) has a demonstrable history of participating in
or hosting successful meetings; and
(C) has a stable or growing participant base.
(d) Guidance.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall develop and
periodically update guidance for the pilot program carried out
under this section.
(2) Elements.--The guidance developed and updated pursuant
to paragraph (1) shall cover the following:
(A) Eligibility for grants awarded under the pilot
program.
(B) How grants are awarded under subsection (c).
(C) The duration and amounts of grants awarded
under subsection (c).
(D) The merit review process for the pilot program.
(E) Priority areas for technical standards
activity.
(F) Means for recipients of grants under the pilot
program to report expenses relating to other costs
described in subsection (c)(2)(C).
(G) Such additional matters as the Director
determines appropriate for purposes of the pilot
program.
(e) Briefings for Congress.--
(1) In general.--During the third year of the pilot program
carried out under this section and in each subsequent year of
the pilot program, the Director shall provide Congress with a
briefing on the pilot program.
(2) Elements.--Each briefing provided pursuant to paragraph
(1) shall include the following:
(A) An assessment of the effectiveness of the pilot
program with respect to improving the hosting of
standards meetings in the United States.
(B) Identification of the recipients of grants
under the pilot program.
(C) The geographic distribution of attendees at
meetings supported with grants under the pilot program.
(D) A summary of the expenses for which the amounts
of grants awarded under the pilot program were used.
(f) Recommendations for Permanent Implementation.--If, before the
date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the
Director determines that providing support as described in subsection
(a) is feasible and advisable, the Director shall, not later than 2
years after the date of the enactment of this Act--
(1) develop recommendations for such legislative or
administrative action as the Director considers appropriate to
establish a permanent implementation of the pilot program; and
(2) submit to Congress the recommendations developed
pursuant to paragraph (1).
(g) Termination.--The pilot program required by subsection (a)(1)
shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of the
enactment of this Act.
(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for the period of
fiscal years 2027 through 2031.
Subtitle C--Research on Development Best Practices by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology
SEC. 121. RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENT BEST PRACTICES BY THE NATIONAL
INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY.
Section 22A of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Act (15 U.S.C. 278h-1) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following new
subsection:
``(h) Assessment of the Practices of Artificial Intelligence
Development.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology (in this subsection referred to as
the `Director') shall, subject to the availability of
appropriations, develop, and periodically update, in
collaboration with other public and private sector
organizations, voluntary guidance for practices and guidelines
relating to the development, release, and assessment of
artificial intelligence systems. Such guidelines shall satisfy
the following:
``(A) Define methods and guidelines for developing
reasonable risk tolerances for various use cases of
artificial intelligence systems based on the following:
``(i) The risks associated with the
intended and unintended applications, use
cases, and outcomes of the artificial
intelligence system at issue, based on the
guidelines specified in the voluntary risk
management framework for trustworthy artificial
intelligence systems, or successor framework,
authorized under subsection (c), which may
include different categories of risk, such as
the following:
``(I) Security risks, including
threats to national security.
``(II) Economic risks, including
threats to economic opportunities.
``(III) Social risks, including
infringement upon constitutional
rights, privileges, or liberties.
``(ii) Such other factors as the Director
determines appropriate and consistent with this
subsection.
``(B) Categorize and list practices and norms for
communicating relevant characteristics, including
robustness, resilience, security, safety, fairness,
privacy, validation, reliability, accountability, and
usability, of artificial intelligence systems, and
including any characteristics identified by the
voluntary risk management framework for trustworthy
artificial intelligence systems, or successor
framework, authorized under subsection (c). Such
practices and norms may relate to the following:
``(i) Documentation of training and
evaluation datasets, such as information and
statistics about a dataset's size, curation,
annotation, and sources, and the protocols for
a dataset's selection, creators, provenance,
processing, augmentation, filters, inclusion of
personally identifiable information, and
intellectual property usage.
``(ii) Documentation of model information,
such as a model's development stages, training
objectives, training strategies, inference
objectives, capabilities, reproducibility of
capabilities, input and output modalities,
components, size, and architecture.
``(iii) Evaluation of benchmarks for multi-
metric assessments, such as an assessment of an
appropriate combination of robustness,
resilience, security, safety, fairness,
privacy, accuracy, validity, reliability,
accountability, usability, transparency,
efficiency, and calibration, and any
characteristics identified by the voluntary
risk management framework for trustworthy
artificial intelligence systems, or successor
framework, authorized under subsection (c).
``(iv) Metrics and methodologies for
evaluations of artificial intelligence systems,
such as establishing evaluation datasets.
``(v) Public reporting of artificial
intelligence systems' capabilities,
limitations, and possible areas of appropriate
and inappropriate use.
``(vi) Disclosure of security practices,
such as artificial intelligence red teaming and
third-party assessments, that were used in the
development of an artificial intelligence
system.
``(vii) How to release to the public
components of an artificial intelligence system
or information about an artificial intelligence
system, including aspects of the model,
associated training data, and license
agreements.
``(viii) Approaches and channels for
collaboration and knowledge-sharing of best
practices across industry, governments, civil
society, and academia.
``(ix) Such other categories as the
Director determines appropriate and consistent
with this subsection.
``(C) For each practice and norm categorized and
listed in accordance with subparagraph (B), provide
recommendations and practices for utilizing such
practice or norm.
``(2) Implementation.--In conducting the Director's duties
under paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out the
following:
``(A) Update the voluntary risk management
framework for trustworthy artificial intelligence
systems, or successor framework, authorized under
subsection (c) as the Director determines appropriate.
``(B) Ensure that voluntary guidance developed in
paragraph (1) is based on international standards and
industry best practices to the extent possible and
practical.
``(C) Not prescribe or otherwise require the use of
specific information or communications technology
products or services.
``(D) Collaborate with public, industry, and
academic entities as the Director determines
appropriate, including conducting periodic outreach to
receive public input from public, industry, and
academic stakeholders.
``(3) Report.--In conducting the Director's duties under
paragraph (1), the Director shall, not later than 18 months
after the date of the enactment of this subsection, brief the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate on the following:
``(A) New or updated materials, programs, or
systems that were produced as a result of carrying out
this subsection.
``(B) Policy recommendations of the Director that
could facilitate and improve communication and
coordination between the private sector and relevant
Federal agencies regarding implementing the recommended
practices identified in this subsection.
``(4) Artificial intelligence red teaming defined.--In this
subsection, the term `artificial intelligence red teaming'
means a structured testing of adversarial efforts to find flaws
and vulnerabilities in an artificial intelligence system and
identify risks, flaws, and vulnerabilities of artificial
intelligence systems, such as harmful outputs from such system,
unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors, limitations, and
potential risks associated with the misuse of such system.''.
TITLE II--BUILD RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE AND SPUR GROUNDBREAKING
RESEARCH
Subtitle A--National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource
SEC. 201. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH RESOURCE.
(a) NAIRR Steering Subcommittee.--Section 5103 of the William M.
(Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2021 (15 U.S.C. 9413) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
``(e) NAIRR Steering Subcommittee.--
``(1) Definition.--In this subsection, the terms `NAIRR',
`National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource',
`Operating Entity', `Program Management Office', and `resources
of the NAIRR' have the meanings given the terms in section
5601.
``(2) Establishment.--There is established within the
Interagency Committee a Steering Subcommittee for the National
Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (referred to in this
section as the `NAIRR Steering Subcommittee').
``(3) Chair and assistant chairs.--The NAIRR Steering
Subcommittee shall be chaired by the Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy. The Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy may establish assistant chairs of
the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee based on members of the NAIRR
Steering Subcommittee rotating into the assistant chair
positions on a predetermined schedule.
``(4) Membership.--The Director of the Office of Science
and Technology Policy shall select members of the Interagency
Committee to serve on the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee that the
Director determines--
``(A) have substantial expertise;
``(B) have substantially funded or conducted
artificial intelligence research and development; or
``(C) have some other significant relationship with
the NAIRR.
``(5) Changes to nairr steering subcommittee composition.--
Not less frequently than once a year, the Director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy shall review the
composition of the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee and update such
composition, which may include adding or removing members from
the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee, if necessary.
``(6) Subcommittees and working groups.--The NAIRR Steering
Subcommittee may establish subcommittees, working groups, or
other permanent or temporary bodies of certain members of the
NAIRR Steering Subcommittee.
``(7) Duties.--The NAIRR Steering Subcommittee shall--
``(A) coordinate with the National Science
Foundation and the Program Management Office to--
``(i) oversee and approve the operating
plan for the NAIRR;
``(ii) review the budget for the NAIRR;
``(iii) develop and release a request for
proposals to solicit bids for the Operating
Entity, including establishing the terms and
conditions and functions of the Operating
Entity; and
``(iv) develop and release funding
opportunities for resources of the NAIRR;
``(B) work with the Program Management Office to
establish criteria for the Operating Entity, review
candidates, and select an entity to act as the
Operating Entity;
``(C) identify resources that could be federated,
participate in resource provider selection and funding,
and provide direction to the Operating Entity about
resource allocation and how those resources should be
made accessible via the NAIRR;
``(D) define key performance indicators for the
NAIRR, in conjunction with the Program Management
Office and any relevant Advisory Committees established
under section 5602(c);
``(E) evaluate NAIRR performance against the key
performance indicators defined under subparagraph (D)
on a periodic basis and not less frequently than once
every year;
``(F) develop an annual report, transmitted to the
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
and publicly released, on the progress of the National
Artificial Intelligence Research Resource that
includes--
``(i) a summary of the results of the
evaluation conducted under subparagraph (E);
and
``(ii) any recommendations for changes to
the NAIRR; and
``(G) oversee a periodic independent assessment of
the NAIRR.
``(8) Provision of resources of the nairr.--Each agency
comprising the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee is authorized to
provide the Operating Entity with resources of the NAIRR or
funding for resources of the NAIRR.''.
(b) In General.--The National Artificial Intelligence Initiative
Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end
the following:
``TITLE LVI--NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH RESOURCE
``Sec. 5601. Definitions.
``Sec. 5602. Establishment; governance.
``Sec. 5603. Resources of the NAIRR.
``Sec. 5604. NAIRR processes and procedures.
``Sec. 5605. NAIRR funding.
``SEC. 5601. DEFINITIONS.
``In this title:
``(1) Advisory committee.--The term `Advisory Committee'
means any Advisory Committee established under section 5602(c).
``(2) AI testbed.--The term `AI testbed' means a testbed
described in section 22A(g) of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h-1(g)).
``(3) Executive agency.--The term `Executive agency' has
the meaning given such term in section 105 of title 5, United
States Code.
``(4) National artificial intelligence research resource;
nairr.--The terms `National Artificial Intelligence Research
Resource' and `NAIRR' have the meaning given the term `National
Artificial Intelligence Research Resource' in section 5106(g).
``(5) Operating entity.--The term `Operating Entity' means
the Operating Entity selected by the Program Management Office
as described in section 5602(b)(3)(A).
``(6) Program management office.--The term `Program
Management Office' means the Program Management Office
established under section 5602(b).
``(7) Resource of the nairr.--The term `resource of the
NAIRR' means a resource described in section 5603(b).
``(8) NAIRR steering subcommittee.--The term `NAIRR
Steering Subcommittee' means the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee
established under section 5103(e).
``(9) STEM.--The term `STEM' means science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics, including computer science.
``SEC. 5602. ESTABLISHMENT; GOVERNANCE.
``(a) Establishment.--Not later than one year after the date of the
enactment of this section, the Director of the National Science
Foundation, in coordination with the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee, shall
establish the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource to--
``(1) spur innovation and advance the development of
artificial intelligence to stimulate cutting-edge research and
propel the strategic development of artificial intelligence
capabilities;
``(2) improve access to artificial intelligence resources
for researchers and students of artificial intelligence;
``(3) improve capacity for artificial intelligence research
in the United States; and
``(4) support the testing, benchmarking, and evaluation of
artificial intelligence systems developed and deployed in the
United States.
``(b) Program Management Office.--
``(1) Establishment.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall establish within the National Science
Foundation a Program Management Office to oversee the day-to-
day functions of the NAIRR and shall appoint an individual to
head the Program Management Office.
``(2) Staff.--
``(A) In general.--The head of the Program
Management Office may identify staff and direct all
employees of the Program Management Office, in
accordance with the applicable provisions of title 5,
United States Code.
``(B) Representation and requirements.--The staff
of the Program Management Office--
``(i) may include representation from other
Federal agencies providing support for NAIRR
resources; and
``(ii) shall include not fewer than three
full-time employees.
``(3) Duties.--The duties of the Program Management Office
shall include--
``(A) in coordination with the NAIRR Steering
Subcommittee and any relevant Advisory Committee as
appropriate--
``(i) developing the funding opportunity
and soliciting bids for the Operating Entity,
which will be responsible for operation of the
National Artificial Intelligence Research
Resource;
``(ii) selecting, through a competitive and
transparent process, a nongovernmental
organization, which may be an independent legal
entity or a consortium of 1 or more partners
(which may include federally funded research
and development centers), to be designated the
Operating Entity;
``(iii) overseeing compliance with the
contractual obligations of the Operating
Entity;
``(iv) establishing evaluation criteria for
the NAIRR;
``(v) overseeing asset allocation and
utilization;
``(vi) identifying an external independent
evaluation entity;
``(vii) assessing the performance of the
Operating Entity on not less than an annual
basis and, if such performance is
unsatisfactory, ending the agreement with such
Operating Entity and selecting a new Operating
Entity in accordance with clause (ii);
``(viii) developing multi-agency funding
opportunities for the selection of NAIRR
resources; and
``(ix) coordinating resource contributions
from participating Federal agencies; and
``(B) delegating, with appropriate oversight,
operational tasks to the Operating Entity, including--
``(i) coordinating the provisioning of
resources of the NAIRR;
``(ii) maintaining a portal and associated
services for users to access resources of the
NAIRR;
``(iii) developing policies and procedures
for the NAIRR;
``(iv) hiring and managing a staff
(including experts in cyber infrastructure
management, data science, research design,
privacy, ethics, and legal and policy matters)
to support the operations of the NAIRR;
``(v) continually modernizing NAIRR
infrastructure;
``(vi) recommending key performance
indicators for the NAIRR, in coordination with
the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee and any
relevant Advisory Committee;
``(vii) publishing publicly available
annual reports reviewing the performance of the
NAIRR, the resources of the NAIRR, and the
NAIRR governance structures;
``(viii) establishing and administering
training to new users on accessing a resource
of the NAIRR, research design, and issues
related to privacy, ethics, safety, and
trustworthiness of artificial intelligence
systems;
``(ix) facilitating connections to AI
testbeds; and
``(x) making educational resources of the
NAIRR available to other Federal agencies, and
to Congress, for the purpose of educating
Federal Government officials and employees
about artificial intelligence.
``(c) Advisory Committees.--The head of the Program Management
Office, acting through the Director of the Operating Entity, shall
establish Advisory Committees to provide advice to the Operating Entity
and the Program Management Office. Any such Advisory Committees shall
be comprised of members from government agencies, the private sector,
academia, and public interest groups. Chapter 10 of title 5, United
States Code, shall not apply to any such Advisory Committee.
``SEC. 5603. RESOURCES OF THE NAIRR.
``(a) In General.--The head of the Program Management Office,
acting through the Director of the Operating Entity and in coordination
with the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee and any relevant Advisory
Committee, shall--
``(1) coordinate and provision resources of the NAIRR;
``(2) establish processes to manage the procurement of new
resources of the NAIRR, and intake of in-kind contribution of
resources of the NAIRR, from Federal agencies or other
entities;
``(3) establish policies on and review resources of the
NAIRR for concerns related to ethics and privacy;
``(4) retire resources of the NAIRR no longer available or
needed; and
``(5) publicly report a summary of categories of available
resources of the NAIRR, categories of sources of such resources
of the NAIRR, and issues related to resources of the NAIRR.
``(b) Resources of the NAIRR.--The NAIRR shall offer resources that
include, at a minimum, all of the following, subject to the
availability of appropriations:
``(1) A mix of computational resources, including--
``(A) on-premises, cloud-based, hybrid, and
emergent resources;
``(B) public cloud providers providing access to
popular computational and storage services for NAIRR
users;
``(C) an open source software environment for the
NAIRR;
``(D) an application programming interface
providing structured access to artificial intelligence
models; and
``(E) other types of computational resources.
``(2) Data, including by--
``(A)(i) in coordination with the National
Institute of Standards and Technology and consistent
with the guidance of the National Science and
Technology Council titled `Desirable Characteristics of
Data Repositories for Federally Funded Data,' dated May
2022, or any successor document, publishing
interoperability standards for data repositories based
on the data sharing and documentation standards and
guidelines produced under section 22A of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C.
278h-1); and
``(ii) selecting and developing, through a
competitive bidding process, data repositories to be
available to NAIRR users;
``(B) establishing acceptable criteria for datasets
used as resources of the NAIRR;
``(C) identifying and providing access to existing
curated datasets of value and interest to the NAIRR
user community;
``(D) establishing an artificial intelligence open
data commons to facilitate community sharing and
curation of data, code, and models;
``(E) coordinating with the Interagency Council on
Statistical Policy to explore options to make Federal
statistical data available to NAIRR users, including
through the standard application process established
under section 3583(a) of title 44, United States Code;
and
``(F) other types of computational resources.
``(3) Educational tools and services, including by--
``(A) facilitating and curating educational and
training materials;
``(B) providing technical training and user
support; and
``(C) providing targeted outreach and programming
strategies to increase participation in STEM fields.
``(4) AI testbeds, including by--
``(A) in coordination with the National Institute
of Standards and Technology, facilitating access to
artificial intelligence testbeds through which
researchers can measure, benchmark, test, or evaluate
engineering or algorithmic developments; and
``(B) developing a comprehensive catalog of open AI
testbeds.
``SEC. 5604. NAIRR PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES.
``(a) User Eligibility.--
``(1) Eligible users.--Subject to paragraph (3), the
following users shall be eligible for access to the NAIRR:
``(A) A researcher, educator, or student based in
the United States that is affiliated with an entity
described in paragraph (2).
``(B) An employee of an entity described in clause
(iii) or (iv) of paragraph (2)(B) with a demonstrable
mission-need.
``(2) Entities described.--An entity described in this
paragraph is an entity that satisfies the following:
``(A) Is based in the United States.
``(B) Is one of the following:
``(i) An institution of higher education.
``(ii) A nonprofit institution (as such
term is defined in section 4 of the Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15
U.S.C. 3703)).
``(iii) An Executive agency.
``(iv) A federally funded research and
development center.
``(v) A small business concern (as such
term is defined in section 3 of the Small
Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632), notwithstanding
section 121.103 of title 13, Code of Federal
Regulations) that has received funding from an
Executive agency, including through the Small
Business Innovation Research Program or the
Small Business Technology Transfer Program (as
described in section 9 of the Small Business
Act (15 U.S.C. 638)).
``(vi) A category of entity that the
Director of the National Science Foundation and
the Director of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy, after consultation with the
NAIRR Steering Subcommittee and any relevant
Advisory Committee, determine shall be
eligible.
``(vii) A consortium composed of entities
described in clauses (i) through (vi).
``(3) Excluded entities.--
``(A) In general.--No individual is authorized to
be an eligible user under paragraph (1) if the
individual is employed by a foreign country that is
listed in section 4872(f)(2) of title 10, United States
Code, or is otherwise authorized by such country to act
for or on its behalf.
``(B) Enforcement.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation shall ensure that individuals
authorized as eligible users meet the requirements of
subparagraph (A).
``(b) Privacy, Ethics, Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, Safety,
and Trustworthiness.--
``(1) In general.--
``(A) Requirements.--The head of the Program
Management Office, acting through the Director of the
Operating Entity and in consultation with any relevant
Advisory Committee, shall establish requirements, a
review process for applications, and a process for
auditing resources of the NAIRR and research conducted
using resources of the NAIRR on matters related to
privacy, ethics, safety, security, and trustworthiness
of artificial intelligence systems developed using
resources of the NAIRR.
``(B) Federal statistical data.--Any auditing
process required under subparagraph (A) for Federal
statistical data included in a resource of the NAIRR
shall be completed by the head of a designated
statistical agency (as defined in section 3576(e) of
title 44, United States Code), in coordination with the
Chief Statistician of the United States, consistent
with relevant law.
``(2) Consistency.--The head of the Program Management
Office shall ensure the requirements and processes described in
paragraph (1) are consistent with the policies of the Office of
Management and Budget policy and relevant policies of other
Executive agencies. The head of the Program Management Office
shall coordinate with the Senior Agency Official for Privacy
and the General Counsel of the National Science Foundation in
ensuring compliance with applicable privacy law and policy and
Federal laws and regulations.
``(3) Availability.--The head of the Program Management
Office, acting through the Director of the Operating Entity,
shall--
``(A) when determining access to computational
resources of the NAIRR, take into consideration the
extent to which the access relates to privacy, ethics,
safety, security, risk mitigation, and trustworthiness
of artificial intelligence systems, or other topics
that demonstrate that a project is in the public
interest;
``(B) ensure that a significant percentage of the
annual allotment of computational resources of the
NAIRR is provided to projects the primary focus of
which is related to any of the topics described in
subparagraph (A); and
``(C) to the extent that demand for access to
computational resources of the NAIRR exceeds
availability, consider, on a priority basis, projects
focusing on any of the topics described in subparagraph
(A) when ranking applications for such access.
``(c) Scientific Integrity.--
``(1) In general.--The head of the Program Management
Office, acting through the Director of the Operating Entity and
in consultation with any relevant Advisory Committee, shall
develop guidance for--
``(A) addressing concerns related to matters of
scientific integrity, including matters related to the
effects or impacts of research and potential research
enabled by the NAIRR; and
``(B) mechanisms for an employee of the Operating
Entity, an employee of the Program Management Office, a
member of the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee or an
Advisory Committee, a researcher or student affiliated
with a NAIRR user described in subsection (a)(1), an
employee of a provider of a resource of the NAIRR, an
employee of a NAIRR funding agency, or a member of the
public to report violations of the guidance developed
under this paragraph, including by confidential and
anonymous means.
``(2) Consistency with government policies on scientific
integrity.--The guidance developed under paragraph (1)(A) shall
be published in a publicly accessible location on the website
of the NAIRR. Such policies shall, to the degree practicable,
be consistent with--
``(A) the Presidential memorandum entitled
`Restoring Trust in Government Through Scientific
Integrity and Evidence-Based Policymaking', dated
January 27, 2021, or successor document; and
``(B) reports produced pursuant to such
Presidential memorandum (including the reports entitled
`Protecting the Integrity of Government Science', dated
January 2022, and `A Framework for Federal Scientific
Integrity Policy and Practice', dated January 2023,
published by the National Science and Technology
Council, or successor documents).
``(d) System Security and User Access Controls.--The head of the
Program Management Office, acting through the Director of the Operating
Entity and in consultation with the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee, the
Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Director of the
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency--
``(1) shall establish minimum security requirements for all
persons interacting with the NAIRR, consistent with the most
recent version of the Cybersecurity Framework, or successor
document, maintained by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology; and
``(2) may establish tiers of security requirements and user
access controls beyond the minimum requirements relative to
security risks.
``(e) Fee Schedule.--The head of the Program Management Office,
acting through the Director of the Operating Entity, may establish a
fee schedule for access to the NAIRR. Fees charged under this
subsection may be retained and used for the purposes of this title. The
Operating Entity may only charge fees in such fee schedule. Such fee
schedule--
``(1) may differ by type of eligible user and type of
affiliated entity described in subsection (a);
``(2) shall include a free tier of access based on
appropriated funds and anticipated costs and demand;
``(3) may include cost-based charges for eligible users to
purchase resources of the NAIRR beyond the resources included
in a free or subsidized tier; and
``(4) shall ensure that the primary purpose of the NAIRR is
to support research.
``(f) Research Security.--The head of the Program Management
Office, acting through the Director of the Operating Entity and in
consultation with the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee and the Director of
the Office of Science and Technology Policy, shall--
``(1) ensure conformance with the requirements of National
Security Presidential Memorandum-33 (relating to supported
research and development national policy), issued January 2021,
and its implementation guidance on research security and
research integrity, or any successor policy document or
guidance, by establishing NAIRR operating principles that
emphasize the research integrity principles of openness,
reciprocity, and transparency; and
``(2) designate a member of the leadership team for the
Operating Entity as a research security point of contact with
responsibility for overseeing conformance with the National
Security Presidential Memorandum-33 and its implementation
guidance, or any successor policy document or guidance.
``SEC. 5605. NAIRR FUNDING.
``To carry out this title, to the maximum extent practicable, the
NAIRR is authorized to accept and use donations of cash, services, and
personal property from the private sector.''.
(c) Conforming Amendments.--The table of contents in section 2(b)
of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act
for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-283; 134 Stat. 3388) is amended by
inserting after the items relating to title LV the following:
``TITLE LVI--NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH RESOURCE
``Sec. 5601. Definitions.
``Sec. 5602. Establishment; governance.
``Sec. 5603. Resources of the NAIRR.
``Sec. 5604. NAIRR processes and procedures.
``Sec. 5605. NAIRR funding.''.
Subtitle B--National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Pilot
Program
SEC. 211. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH RESOURCE PILOT
PROGRAM.
(a) Partnerships.--As part of the National Artificial Intelligence
Research Resource pilot program (in this section referred to as the
``Program''), the Director of the National Science Foundation (in this
section referred to as the ``Director'') shall partner with leading
technology companies to increase access to world-class private sector
computing, models, data, and software resources in the research
community.
(b) Connection.--The Director shall ensure the Program is
operationally capable of connecting researchers and educators in the
United States to critical AI resources.
Subtitle C--Prize Competitions for Artificial Intelligence Research and
Development
SEC. 221. PRIZE COMPETITIONS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Director.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, the
term ``Director'' means the Director of the National Science
Foundation.
(2) Nonprofit organization.--The term ``nonprofit
organization'' has the meaning given such term in section 201
of title 35, United States Code.
(b) Establishment of Program.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 12 months after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Director, in coordination with the
Interagency Committee established under section 5103 of the
National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15
U.S.C. 9413), shall establish a program (in this section
referred to as the ``AI Grand Challenges Program'') to award
prizes, utilizing the authorities and processes established
under section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation
Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719), to eligible participants as
determined by the Director pursuant to subsection (e) to
stimulate artificial intelligence research, development, and
commercialization that solves or advances specific, well-
defined, and measurable grand challenges in 1 or more of the
following categories:
(A) National security.
(B) Cybersecurity.
(C) Health.
(D) Energy.
(E) Environment.
(F) Transportation.
(G) Agriculture and rural development.
(H) Education and workforce training.
(I) Manufacturing.
(J) Space and aerospace.
(K) Quantum computing, including molecular modeling
and simulation.
(L) Materials science.
(M) Supply chain resilience.
(N) Disaster preparedness.
(O) Natural resources management.
(P) Cross cutting challenges in artificial
intelligence, including robustness, interpretability,
explainability, transparency, safety, privacy, content
provenance, and bias mitigation.
(2) Rotators.--Participants in the Rotator Program of the
National Science Foundation may support the development and
implementation of the AI Grand Challenges Program.
(c) Grand Challenges Selection and Grand Challenges Information.--
(1) In general.--
(A) Consultation on identification and selection.--
The Director shall consult with the Director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Director
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
the Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency, the heads of relevant Federal agencies, and the
National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee to
identify and select artificial intelligence research
and development grand challenges in which eligible
participants will compete to solve or advance for prize
awards under subsection (b).
(B) Public input on identification.--The Director
shall also seek public input on the identification of
artificial intelligence research and development grand
challenges.
(2) Problem statements; success metrics.--For each grand
challenge selected under paragraph (1) and the grand challenge
under paragraph (3), the Director shall--
(A) establish a specific and well-defined grand
challenge problem statement and ensure that such
problem statement is published on the National Science
Foundation website linking out to relevant prize
competition listings on the website Challenge.gov that
is managed by the General Services Administration; and
(B) establish and publish on the website
Challenge.gov clear targets, success metrics, and
validation protocols for the prize competitions
designed to address each grand challenge, in order to
provide specific benchmarks that will be used to
evaluate submissions to the prize competition.
(3) Grand challenge for artificial intelligence-enabled
cancer breakthroughs.--
(A) Required prize competition.--Not later than 1
year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
Director, in consultation with the Director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy and the
Director of the National Institutes of Health, shall
establish not less than 1 grand challenge in which
eligible participants will compete in a prize
competition to solve or advance solutions for prize
awards under subsection (b) that seek to advance
medical breakthroughs to address 1 or more of the most
lethal forms of cancer and related comorbidities. The
grand challenge shall relate to detection, diagnostics,
treatments, therapeutics, or other innovations in
artificial intelligence to increase the total quality-
adjusted life years of those affected or likely to be
affected by cancer.
(B) Prize amount.--In carrying out the prize
competition under subparagraph (A), the Director shall
award not less than $10,000,000 in cash prize awards to
each winner.
(4) Ambitious and achievable goals.--Grand challenges
selected under paragraph (1) and the grand challenge under
paragraph (3) shall be ambitious but achievable goals that
utilize science, technology, and innovation to solve or advance
solutions to problems to benefit the United States.
(d) Additional Consultation.--The Director may consult with, and
incorporate effective practices from, other entities that have
developed successful large-scale technology demonstration prize
competitions, including the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, other Federal
agencies, private sector enterprises, and nonprofit organizations, in
the development and implementation of the AI Grand Challenges Program
and related prize competitions, including on the requirements under
subsection (e).
(e) Requirements.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall develop requirements
for--
(A) the prize competition process, including
eligibility criteria for participants, consistent with
the requirements under paragraph (2); and
(B) testing, judging, and verification procedures
for submissions to receive a prize award under the AI
Grand Challenges Program.
(2) Eligibility requirement and judging.--
(A) Eligibility.--In accordance with the
requirement described in section 24(g)(3) of the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15
U.S.C. 3719(g)(3)), a recipient of a prize award under
the AI Grand Challenges Program--
(i) that is a private entity shall be
incorporated in and maintain a primary place of
business in the United States; and
(ii) who is an individual, whether
participating singly or in a group, shall be a
citizen or permanent resident of the United
States.
(B) Judges.--In accordance with section 24(k) of
the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980
(15 U.S.C. 3719(k)), a judge of a prize competition
under the AI Grand Challenges Program may be an
individual from the private sector.
(f) Prize Amount.--
(1) In general.--In carrying out the AI Grand Challenges
Program, the Director--
(A) shall award not less than $1,000,000 in cash
prize awards to each winner of the prize competitions,
except as provided in subsection (c)(3); and
(B) may also utilize non-cash awards.
(2) Larger awards.--The Director may award prizes under the
AI Grand Challenges Program that are more than $50,000,000,
pursuant to the requirements under section 24(m)(4)(A) of the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.
3719(m)(4)(A)).
(g) Funding.--
(1) In general.--In accordance with section 24(m)(1) of the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.
3719(m)(1)), the Director may request and accept funds from
other Federal agencies, State, United States territory, local,
or Tribal government agencies, for-profit entities, and
nonprofit organizations to support the AI Grand Challenges
Program.
(2) Prohibition on consideration for support.--The Director
may not consider any support provided by an agency or entity
under paragraph (1) in determining the winners of prize awards
under subsection (b).
(h) Reports.--
(1) Notification of winning submission.--Not later than 60
days after the date on which a prize is awarded under the AI
Grand Challenges Program, the Director shall submit to the
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
Senate, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the
House of Representatives, and other relevant committees of
Congress a report that describes the winning submission to the
prize competition and its benefits to the United States.
(2) Biennial report.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the
date of enactment of this Act, and biennially
thereafter, the Director shall submit to the Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate,
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the
House of Representatives, and other relevant committees
of Congress a report that includes--
(i) a description of the activities carried
out under this Act;
(ii) a description of the active
competitions and the results of completed
competitions under the AI Grand Challenges
Program; and
(iii) efforts to provide information to the
public about the AI Grand Challenges Program to
encourage participation.
(B) Public accessibility.--The Director shall make
the biennial report required under subparagraph (A)
publicly accessible, including by posting the biennial
report on the website of the National Science
Foundation in an easily accessible location.
(i) Accessibility.--In carrying out the AI Grand Challenges
Program, the Director shall post the active prize competitions and
available prize awards under subsection (b) to Challenge.gov after the
grand challenges are selected and the prize competitions are designed
pursuant to subsections (c) and (e) to ensure the prize competitions
are widely accessible to eligible participants.
Subtitle D--Grants to Perform Research Regarding the Use of Generative
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care
SEC. 231. GRANTS TO PERFORM RESEARCH REGARDING THE USE OF GENERATIVE
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTH CARE.
(a) In General.--The Director of the National Institutes of Health
shall establish a grant program to award grants to eligible entities to
perform research regarding the use of generative artificial
intelligence in health care.
(b) Permissible Research.--Research funded pursuant to a grant
under this section may include research regarding the use of generative
artificial intelligence to--
(1) improve the ability of health care practitioners to
record comprehensive notes or ask medically relevant questions
during an appointment with a patient;
(2) reduce the administrative or documentation burden on
clinicians;
(3) expedite the health insurance claims process;
(4) improve the efficiency and quality of customer service
in the health care sector; or
(5) otherwise improve health care, as determined
appropriate by the Director of the National Institutes of
Health.
(c) Priority.--In awarding grants under this section, the Director
of the National Institutes of Health shall give priority to eligible
entities that--
(1) encourage the adoption and deployment of generative
artificial intelligence across the health care sector;
(2) invest in workforce development of clinicians and
administrators;
(3) mitigate burnout in the health care workforce; or
(4) improve the availability of patient care for members of
a medically underserved population.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial
intelligence'' has the meaning given such term in section 5002
of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020
(15 U.S.C. 9401).
(2) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
(A) an institution of higher education (as such
term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Education
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001));
(B) an organization described in subsection (c)(3)
of section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and
exempt from tax under subsection (a) of such section;
or
(C) an agency of--
(i) the Federal Government;
(ii) a State;
(iii) a unit of local government; or
(iv) an Indian Tribe.
(3) Generative artificial intelligence.--The term
``generative artificial intelligence'' means artificial
intelligence that, in response to a prompt, uses data to
produce text, media, computer code, or other content.
(4) Medically underserved population.--The term ``medically
underserved population'' has the meaning given such term in
section 330(b) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
254b(b)).
Subtitle E--Department of Agriculture and National Science Foundation
Research and Development Coordination
SEC. 241. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture (in this section
referred to as the ``Secretary'') and the Director of the National
Science Foundation (in this section referred to as the ``Director'')
shall carry out cross-cutting and collaborative research and
development activities focused on the joint advancement of Department
of Agriculture and National Science Foundation mission requirements and
priorities.
(b) Memoranda of Understanding.--The Secretary and the Director
shall coordinate the activities under subsection (a) through the
establishment of memoranda of understanding or other appropriate
interagency agreements. Such memoranda or agreements, as the case may
be, shall require the use of a competitive, merit review process, as
appropriate. Such activities may include components proposed by Federal
agencies, institutions of higher education, non-profit institutions,
and other appropriate entities, as determined appropriate under the
memoranda or agreements.
(c) Coordination.--In carrying out the activities under subsection
(a), the Secretary and the Director may--
(1) conduct collaborative research in a variety of focus
areas, such as--
(A) plant, animal, and microbial biology relevant
to agricultural challenges;
(B) food and nutrition security;
(C) rural economic revitalization;
(D) cyber-physical systems;
(E) smart and connected communities;
(F) advanced sensors and models of soil and plant
processes;
(G) nano-biosensing and analytical technologies to
improve food safety, water quality, biosecurity, plant
and animal diseases, and soil health;
(H) monitoring of food- or water-borne pathogens,
allergens, and accidental, natural, or intentional bio-
or chemical contaminants;
(I) key emerging technology areas such as
artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation,
robotics, digital agriculture, and information and
communication technology for agricultural uses;
(J) development and testing of new precision
agriculture tools; and
(K) workforce needs, education, and development;
(2) promote collaboration, open community-based
development, and data and information sharing between Federal
agencies, institutions of higher education, community colleges,
area career and technical education schools, nonprofit
institutions, and other appropriate entities by providing the
necessary access and secure data and information transfer
capabilities;
(3) support research infrastructure, including new
facilities, equipment and broadband deployment, as the
Secretary and Director determine necessary;
(4) develop translational technologies for commercial
utilization;
(5) organize education, training, and research initiatives
relating to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) education and workforce development, which may include--
(A) activities supported by the Cooperative
Extension System;
(B) industrial partnership programs;
(C) workshops for educating preschool through grade
12 teachers on how to increase agricultural literacy;
(D) development of agricultural-based science
curricula for kindergarten through grade 12 students;
and
(E) distribution of resources for educators to
implement curricula, such as the workshops developed
under subparagraph (C);
(6) award grants to institutions of higher education,
community colleges, area career and technical education
schools, or eligible nonprofit institutions (or consortia
thereof), to establish a Center for Agricultural Research,
Education, and Workforce Development; and
(7) facilitate relationships between public and private
entities to carry out the activities specified in paragraphs
(1) through (6) upon the termination of any agreement entered
into under subsection (b).
(d) Agreements.--In carrying out the activities under subsection
(a), the Secretary and the Director are authorized to--
(1) carry out reimbursable agreements between the
Department of Agriculture, the National Science Foundation, and
other entities in order to maximize the effectiveness of
research and development; and
(2) collaborate with other Federal agencies, as
appropriate.
(e) Report.--Not later than two years after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the appropriate committees of Congress, a report
detailing the following:
(1) Interagency coordination between each Federal agency
involved in the research and development activities carried out
under this section.
(2) Potential opportunities to expand the technical
capabilities of the Department of Agriculture and the National
Science Foundation.
(3) Collaborative research achievements.
(4) Areas of future mutually beneficial successes.
(5) Continuation of coordination activities between the
Department of Agriculture and the National Science Foundation.
(f) Research Security.--The activities authorized under this
section shall be applied in a manner consistent with subtitle D of
title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation
Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.; enacted as part of division B of Public
Law 117-167).
(g) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term
``appropriate committees of Congress'' means each of the
following committees:
(A) The Committee on Agriculture of the House of
Representatives.
(B) The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
of the House of Representatives.
(C) The Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate.
(D) The Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
Forestry of the Senate.
(2) Area career and technical education school.--The term
``area career and technical education school'' has the meaning
given such term in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and
Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302).
(3) Community college.--The term ``community college'' has
the meaning given such term in section 3167B of the Energy
Science Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381c-3).
(4) Institution of higher education.--The term
``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such
term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
U.S.C. 1001).
Subtitle F--Department of Energy Artificial Intelligence Research
Program
SEC. 251. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH
PROGRAM.
(a) In General.--Title LV of the National Artificial Intelligence
Initiative Act of 2020 (Public Law 116-283) is amended to read as
follows:
``TITLE LV--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH
PROGRAM
``Sec. 5501. Department of Energy artificial intelligence research
program.
``Sec. 5502. Ensuring energy security for data centers and computing
resources.
``SEC. 5501. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH
PROGRAM.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a cross-cutting
research and development program to advance artificial intelligence
tools, systems, capabilities, and workforce needs and develop
artificial intelligence capabilities for the purposes of advancing the
missions of the Department (in this section referred to as the
`program'). In carrying out such program, the Secretary shall
coordinate across all relevant offices and programs of the Department,
including the Office of Science, the Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, the Office of Nuclear Energy, the Office of Fossil
Energy, the Office of Electricity, the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy
Security, Emergency Response, and the Advanced Research Projects
Agency-Energy.
``(b) Research Areas.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary
shall award financial assistance to eligible entities to carry out
research projects on topics including the following:
``(1) The application of artificial intelligence systems to
improve large-scale simulations of natural and other phenomena.
``(2) The study of applied mathematics, computer science,
and statistics, including foundations of methods and systems of
artificial intelligence, causal and statistical inference, and
the development of algorithms for artificial intelligence
systems.
``(3) The analysis of existing and new large-scale datasets
from science and engineering experiments and simulations,
including energy simulations and sponsored research activities,
and, as determined by the Secretary, other priorities of the
Department that utilize artificial intelligence tools and
techniques.
``(4) The development of operation and control systems that
enhance automated, intelligent decision-making capabilities.
``(5) The development of advanced computing hardware and
computer architecture tailored to artificial intelligence
systems, including the following:
``(A) The codesign of software and computational
hardware.
``(B) Energy-efficient computing hardware and
algorithms for artificial intelligence training and
inference.
``(C) Mechanisms to improve the energy efficiency
of data centers, including relevant energy efficiency
benchmarks for such centers.
``(6) The aggregation, curation, and distribution of
standardized datasets for emerging artificial intelligence
research fields and applications, including methods for
addressing data scarcity.
``(7) The development of advanced artificial intelligence
systems for pressing scientific, energy, and national security
applications.
``(8) The development of trustworthy artificial
intelligence systems, including the following:
``(A) Algorithmic explainability.
``(B) Analytical methods for identifying and
mitigating bias in artificial intelligence systems.
``(C) Safety and robustness, including assurance,
verification, validation, security, and control.
``(c) Technology Transfer.--In carrying out the program, the
Secretary shall support technology transfer of artificial intelligence
systems for the benefit of society and United States economic
competitiveness.
``(d) Facility Use and Upgrades.--In carrying out the program, the
Secretary shall carry out the following:
``(1) Make available high-performance computing
infrastructure at National Laboratories for the development and
use of advanced artificial intelligence systems.
``(2) Make any upgrades necessary to enhance the use of
existing computing facilities for artificial intelligence
systems, including upgrades to hardware and other resources
necessary for developing, training, and evaluating advanced
artificial intelligence technologies.
``(3) Establish new computing capabilities necessary to
manage data and conduct high performance computing that enables
the development and use of advanced artificial intelligence
systems.
``(4) Maintain and improve, as needed, networking
infrastructure, data input and output mechanisms, and data
analysis, storage, and service capabilities.
``(5) Facilitate the development of unclassified and
classified high-performance computing systems and artificial
intelligence platforms through Department-owned infrastructure
data and computing facilities.
``(6) Provide other resources necessary for the Department
to develop, train, and evaluate advanced artificial
intelligence systems and related technologies.
``(e) Testbeds for Next-Generation Computing Platforms and
Infrastructure.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out the program, the
Secretary shall establish at least one data center testbed for
the development and assessment of hardware and algorithms for
energy-efficient and energy-flexible artificial intelligence
training and inference.
``(2) Activities.--In carrying out the testbed established
under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall carry out the
following:
``(A) Test and evaluate new software, hardware,
codesign of hardware and software, algorithms,
networking, and other artificial intelligence-based
technologies and applications to improve energy
efficiency across the artificial intelligence
ecosystem.
``(B) Carry out cooperative research projects with
industry, including end user companies, hardware
systems vendors, artificial intelligence developers,
data center developers and operators, energy utilities,
and other appropriate stakeholders.
``(f) Aggregation, Curation, and Distribution of Artificial
Intelligence Training Datasets.--In carrying out activities described
in subsection (b)(6), the Secretary shall develop methods, platforms,
protocols, and other tools required for efficient, responsible, and
effective aggregation, generation, curation, and distribution of
artificial intelligence training and inference datasets, including the
following:
``(1) Assembling, aggregating, and curating large-scale
training data for advanced artificial intelligence systems,
including outputs from research programs of the Department and
other open science data, with the goal of developing
comprehensive scientific artificial intelligence training
databases and testing and validation data.
``(2) Developing dataset documentation and metadata
protocols and visualization tools, taking into account
appropriate standards and guidelines to promote
interoperability and consistency in documentation.
``(3) Developing and implementing appropriate data
management plans for the ethical, responsible, and secure use
of classified and unclassified scientific data.
``(4) Identifying, curating, and safely distributing, as
appropriate based on the application, the following:
``(A) Scientific and experimental departmental
datasets.
``(B) Sponsored research activities that are needed
for the training of foundational and adapted downstream
artificial intelligence systems.
``(5) Partnering with stakeholders to curate critical
datasets that reside outside the Department but are determined
by the Secretary to be critical to optimizing the capabilities
of advanced artificial intelligence systems relevant to the
missions of the Department.
``(g) Development of Advanced Artificial Intelligence Systems for
Pressing Scientific, Energy, and National Security Applications.--In
carrying out subsection (b)(7), the Secretary shall carry out the
following:
``(1) Develop innovative concepts in applied mathematics,
computer science, engineering, and other science disciplines
needed for advanced artificial intelligence systems.
``(2) Develop best-in-class advanced artificial
intelligence systems, model derivatives that support downstream
use cases, and other technologies to solve pressing scientific,
energy, and national security challenges.
``(3) Carry out cooperative research projects with
industry, including end user companies, hardware systems
vendors, and artificial intelligence software companies, to
advance artificial intelligence technologies relevant to the
missions of the Department and mitigate risks associated with
such technologies.
``(4) In coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and
the Secretary of Homeland Security, research counter-
adversarial artificial intelligence solutions to predict,
prevent, mitigate, and respond to threats to critical
infrastructure, energy security, and nuclear nonproliferation,
and biological and chemical threats.
``(5) In coordination with energy utilities, State energy
offices, data center developers and operators, and other key
stakeholders the Secretary determines appropriate, carry out
research to examine how artificial intelligence technologies
may be impacted by or applied to energy supply bottlenecks,
energy demand projections, site reliability challenges, and
data center operational flexibilities.
``(6) Establish crosscutting research efforts to understand
and mitigate artificial intelligence-related risks, including
the establishment of unclassified and classified data platforms
across the Department.
``(h) Shared Resources for Artificial Intelligence.--
``(1) In general.--As part of the program, the Secretary
shall identify, support, and sustain shared resources and
enabling tools that have the potential to accelerate the pace
of scientific discovery and technological innovation with
respect to the missions of the Department relating to science,
energy, and national security.
``(2) Consultation.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall consult with relevant experts in the Federal
Government, industry, energy utilities, academia, State energy
offices, and the National Laboratories.
``(3) Focus.--Shared resources and enabling tools referred
to in paragraph (1) shall include the following:
``(A) Scientific data and knowledge bases for
training artificial intelligence systems.
``(B) Benchmarks and competitions for evaluating
advances in artificial intelligence systems.
``(C) Platform technologies that lower the cost of
generating training data or enable the generation of
training data.
``(D) High-performance computing, including hybrid
computing systems that integrate artificial
intelligence and high-performance computing.
``(E) The combination of artificial intelligence
and scientific automation, such as cloud labs and self-
driving labs.
``(F) Tools that enable artificial intelligence to
solve inverse design problems.
``(G) Testbeds for accelerating progress at the
intersection of artificial intelligence and
cyberphysical systems.
``(H) Testbeds for testing and evaluating
artificial intelligence-based technologies and
applications to improve energy efficiency across
artificial intelligence systems, in accordance with
subsection (e).
``(4) Interagency coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure
coordination with, and avoid unnecessary duplication of,
activities to provide shared resources with the National
Science Foundation, the agencies participating in the
Interagency Committee established under section 5103 of this
Act, and the Networking and Information Technology Research and
Development Program authorized under section 101 of the High
Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511).
``(i) Artificial Intelligence Research Institutes.--The Secretary
shall support on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis not fewer than two
multidisciplinary artificial intelligence research institutes pursuant
to section 5201 of this Act.
``(j) Research To Improve Energy Permitting Processes.--In
consultation with the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council
established under section 41002(a) of the FAST Act (42 U.S.C. 4370m-
1(a)), the Secretary shall carry out research and development
activities to evaluate the potential for utilizing artificial
intelligence to improve Federal permitting processes for energy-related
projects, including critical materials (as such term is defined in
section 7002 of title VII of division Z of the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260; 30 U.S.C. 1606))
projects, by building tools to improve future reviews and analyzing
data from past environmental and other permitting reviews to inform
more flexible and effective categorical exclusions.
``(k) Risk Management.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall review agency
policies for risk management in artificial intelligence related
projects and issue, as necessary, policies and principles that
are consistent with the framework developed under section 22A
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15
U.S.C. 278h-1(c)).
``(2) Taxonomy.--The Secretary, in consultation with the
Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Defense, the
Director of National Intelligence, the Director of the National
Security Agency, and the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, shall develop a taxonomy of safety
and security risks associated with artificial intelligence
systems relevant to the missions of the Department.
``(l) Stem Education and Workforce Development.--As part of the
program, the Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the
National Science Foundation, may develop the required workforce, and
hire and train researchers to meet the rising demand for artificial
intelligence talent, including by carrying out the following:
``(1) Providing training, grants, and research
opportunities, including experiential learning experiences for
undergraduate and graduate students in advanced artificial
intelligence systems.
``(2) Carrying out public awareness campaigns regarding
artificial intelligence related career paths.
``(3) Assisting institutions of higher education to
establish new degree and certificate programs in artificial
intelligence-related disciplines.
``(m) Administration.--
``(1) Research security.--The activities authorized under
this section shall be applied in a manner consistent with
subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development,
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.;
enacted as part of division B of Public Law 117-167).
``(2) Cybersecurity.--The Secretary shall ensure the
integration of robust cybersecurity measures into all
artificial intelligence research-to-deployment efforts
authorized under this section to protect the integrity and
confidentiality of collected and analyzed data.
``(3) Ethical considerations.--Taking into account the
guidance issued pursuant to section 10343(c) of the Research
and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.
19052(c)), the Secretary shall issue guidance governing the
ethical, safe, and responsible conduct of research activities
funded by the Department and performed at National Laboratories
and user facilities.
``(n) Data Privacy and Sharing.--The Secretary shall review agency
policies for data sharing with other public and private sector
organizations and issue, as necessary, policies and principles that are
consistent with the standards and guidelines submitted under section
22A of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15
U.S.C. 278h-1(e)). In addition, the Secretary shall establish a
streamlined mechanism for approving research projects or partnerships
that require sharing sensitive public or private data with the
Department.
``(o) Partnerships.--
``(1) Federal partnerships.--The Secretary may request,
accept, and provide funds from other Federal departments and
agencies, State, United States territory, local, or Tribal
government agencies, private sector for-profit entities, and
nonprofit entities, to be available to the extent provided by
appropriations Acts, to support a research project or
partnership carried out under this section. The Secretary may
not give any special consideration to any agency or entity in
return for a donation.
``(2) Partnerships with private entities.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall seek to
establish partnerships with private companies and
nonprofit organizations in carrying out this section.
``(B) Requirement.--In carrying out subparagraph
(A), the Secretary shall protect any information
submitted to or shared by the Department consistent
with applicable laws and regulations.
``(p) Stakeholder Engagement.--In carrying out the activities
authorized in this section, the Secretary shall carry out the
following:
``(1) Collaborate with a range of stakeholders, including
small businesses, institutes of higher education, industry, and
the National Laboratories.
``(2) Leverage the collective body of knowledge from
existing artificial intelligence and machine learning research.
``(3) Engage with other Federal departments and agencies,
research communities, and potential users of information
produced under this section.
``(q) Strategic Plan.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out the program, the
Secretary shall develop a strategic plan with specific short-
term and long-term goals and resource needs to advance
applications in artificial intelligence for science, energy,
and national security to support the missions of the
Department. The strategic plan shall be consistent with the
following:
``(A) The 2023 National Laboratory workshop report
entitled `Advanced Research Directions on AI for
Science, Energy, and Security'.
``(B) The 2024 National Laboratory workshop report
entitled `AI for Energy'.
``(C) The strategic plan required under section
5103 of division E of this Act (15 U.S.C. 9413).
``(2) Report to congress.--Not later than one year after
the date of the enactment of this section, the Director shall
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of
the House of Representatives and the Committee of Energy and
Natural Resources of the Senate the strategic plan required
under paragraph (1), and shall notify such committees of any
substantial updates to such plan in subsequent years.
``(r) Definitions.--In this section:
``(1) Department.--The term `Department' means the
Department of Energy.
``(2) Eligible entities.--The term `eligible entities'
means any of the following:
``(A) An institution of higher education.
``(B) A National Laboratory.
``(C) A Federal research agency.
``(D) A State research agency.
``(E) A nonprofit research organization.
``(F) A private sector entity.
``(G) A consortium of two or more entities
described in subparagraphs (A) through (F).
``(3) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory'
has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
``(4) Nonprofit organization.--The term `nonprofit
organization' has the meaning given such term in section 201 of
title 35, United States Code.
``(5) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary
of Energy.
``(6) Testbed.--The term `testbed' means any platform,
facility, or environment that enables the testing and
evaluation of scientific theories and new technologies,
including hardware, software, or field environments in which
structured frameworks can be implemented to conduct tests to
assess the performance, reliability, safety, and security of a
wide range of items, including prototypes, systems,
applications, artificial intelligence systems, instruments,
computational tools, devices, and other technological
innovations.
``(s) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $300,000,000
for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2032.
``SEC. 5502. ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY FOR DATA CENTERS AND COMPUTING
RESOURCES.
``Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this
section, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress a report that
includes the following:
``(1) An assessment of the following:
``(A) The growth of computing data centers and
advanced computing electrical power load in the United
States.
``(B) Potential risks of growth in computing
centers or growth in the required electrical power to
United States energy security and national security.
``(C) The extent to which emerging technologies,
such as artificial intelligence and advanced computing,
may impact hardware and software systems used at data
and computing centers.
``(D) Cost, performance, reliability, availability,
space requirements, emissions, and supply chain issues
for current technologies, including renewable diesel,
natural gas, renewable natural gas, fuel cells, nuclear
energy, battery storage, enhanced geothermal, long-
duration energy storage, and other potentially viable
technologies available to support regional data center
expansion and for backup power.
``(2) Recommendations for the following:
``(A) Resources and capabilities that the
Department of Energy may provide to promote access to
energy resources by data centers, advanced computing
hardware and algorithms, and artificial intelligence
systems (as defined in section 7223 of the Advancing
American AI Act (40 U.S.C. 11301 note; Public Law 117-
263)).
``(B) Policy changes to ensure domestic deployment
of data center and advanced computing resources to
prevent offshoring of United States data and resources.
``(C) Improving the energy efficiency of data
centers, advanced computing hardware and algorithms,
and artificial intelligence systems.''.
(b) Clerical Amendments.--The tables of contents in section 2(b)
and title LV of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 are amended by inserting after
the items relating to section 5501 the following new items:
``Sec. 5502. Ensuring energy security for data centers and computing
resources.''.
TITLE III--MODERNIZING FEDERAL AI GOVERNANCE, PROCUREMENT, AND SECURITY
Subtitle A--Federal Standards for Artificial Intelligence
SEC. 301. FEDERAL STANDARDS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
(a) In General.--Title LIII of division E of the William M. (Mac)
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021
(Public Law 116-283; 134 Stat. 4523) is amended by adding at the end
the following new section:
``SEC. 5305. FEDERAL STANDARDS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
``(a) In General.--The Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (in this section referred to as the
`Director') shall--
``(1) develop standards and guidelines, including minimum
requirements, for artificial intelligence systems used or
operated by an agency or by a contractor of an agency or other
organization on behalf of an agency, other than national
security systems;
``(2) develop standards and guidelines, including minimum
requirements, for managing risks associated with artificial
intelligence systems for all agency operations and assets, but
such standards and guidelines shall not apply to national
security systems;
``(3) develop standards and guidelines, including minimum
requirements, for authenticating, tracking provenance, and
labeling synthetic content generated by an agency or by a
contractor of an agency or other organization on behalf of an
agency, other than national security systems; and
``(4) conduct research and development pursuant to section
5301 to inform the development of standards and guidelines for
activities described in this section.
``(b) Standards and Guidelines.--In developing standards and
guidelines required by subsection (a), the Director shall--
``(1) provide standards and guidelines, practices,
profiles, and tools consistent with the framework under
subsection (c) of section 22A of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h-1), and
information on how agencies can leverage such framework to
reduce risks caused by agency implementation in the
development, procurement, and use of artificial intelligence
systems;
``(2) provide standards and guidelines that--
``(A) are consistent with Circular A-119 of the
Office of Management and Budget; and
``(B) enable conformity assessment;
``(3) recommend training on standards and guidelines for
each agency responsible for procuring artificial intelligence;
``(4) develop and periodically revise performance
indicators and measures for agency artificial intelligence
related standards and guidelines;
``(5) provide standards and guidelines, including minimum
requirements, for developing profiles for agency use of
artificial intelligence consistent with such framework;
``(6) develop profiles for framework use for an entity that
is a small business concern (as such term is defined in section
3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632));
``(7) evaluate artificial intelligence policies and
practices developed for national security systems to assess
potential application by agencies to strengthen risk management
of artificial intelligence systems; and
``(8) periodically assess the effectiveness of standards
and guidelines developed under this section and undertake
revisions as appropriate.
``(c) Readiness.--For standards and guidelines developed pursuant
to subsection (a) that are deemed by the Director to be at a readiness
level sufficient for standardization, the Director shall--
``(1) submit such standards and guidelines to the Secretary
of Commerce for promulgation under section 11331 of title 40,
United States Code;
``(2) where practicable and appropriate, provide technical
review and assistance to agencies; and
``(3) evaluate the effectiveness and sufficiency of, and
challenges to, agency implementation of such standards and
guidelines.
``(d) Testing and Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence
Acquisitions.--
``(1) Study.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the Director shall complete a study to review
the existing and forthcoming voluntary technical standards for
the testing, evaluation, verification, and validation of
artificial intelligence acquisitions.
``(2) Testing and evaluation standards.--Not later than 90
days after the date of the completion of the study required by
paragraph (1), the Director shall--
``(A) develop standards and guidelines for the
testing, evaluation, verification, and validation of
artificial intelligence acquisitions pursuant to this
section;
``(B) convene relevant stakeholders to facilitate
such development;
``(C) continuously update such standards and
guidelines; and
``(D) review and make recommendations to the head
of each agency on risk management policies and
principles for relevant artificial intelligence
acquisitions.
``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
``(1) Agency.--The term `agency' means any department,
independent establishment, Government corporation, or other
agency of the executive branch of the Federal Government.
``(2) National security system.--The term `national
security system' has the meaning given such term in section
3552 of title 44, United States Code.
``(3) Profile.--The term `profile' means an implementation
of the artificial intelligence risk management functions,
categories, and subcategories for a specific setting or
application based on the requirements, risk tolerance, and
resources of the user of the framework at issue.
``(4) Synthetic content.--The term `synthetic content'
means information, such as images, videos, audio clips, and
text, that has been significantly modified or generated by
algorithms, including by artificial intelligence.''.
(b) Clerical Amendments.--The tables of contents in section 2(b)
and title LIII of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 are amended by inserting after
the items relating to section 5304, as added by section 101(b), the
following new items:
``Sec. 5305. Federal standards for artificial intelligence.''.
Subtitle B--AI Leadership to Enable Accountable Deployment
SEC. 311. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' has the meaning given the
term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code.
(2) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial
intelligence'' has the meaning given such term in section 5002
of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020
(15 U.S.C. 9401).
(3) Artificial intelligence system.--The term ``artificial
intelligence system''--
(A) means any data system, software, application,
tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part
using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or
other forms of artificial intelligence, whether--
(i) the data system, software, application,
tool, or utility is established primarily for
the purpose of researching, developing, or
implementing artificial intelligence
technology; or
(ii) artificial intelligence capability is
integrated into another system or agency
business process, operational activity, or
technology system; and
(B) does not include any common commercial product
within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such
as a word processor or map navigation system.
(4) Chief artificial intelligence officer.--The term
``Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer'' means an official
designated by the head of an agency pursuant to section
313(b)(1).
(5) Council.--The term ``Council'' means the Chief
Artificial Intelligence Officers Council established under
section 312(a).
(6) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of
the Office of Management and Budget.
(7) Relevant congressional committees.--The term ``relevant
congressional committees'' means the Committee on Homeland
Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of
Representatives.
SEC. 312. CHIEF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS COUNCIL.
(a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Director shall establish a Chief Artificial
Intelligence Officers Council.
(b) Duties.--The Council shall--
(1) promote artificial intelligence innovation and
responsible design, development, and application;
(2) oversee compliance with Governmentwide requirements,
including existing requirements for agencies to inventory and
publish use cases of artificial intelligence;
(3) develop recommendations for, and advise agencies on,
best practices for the design, acquisition, development,
modernization, use, operation, sharing, risk management,
auditing, and performance of artificial intelligence
technologies while ensuring privacy, security, and the
protection of civil rights and civil liberties;
(4) share experiences, ideas, and promising practices,
including work process redesign and the development of
performance measures to optimize Federal Government use of and
investments in artificial intelligence;
(5) in coordination with the Director of the Office of
Personnel Management, assess and monitor the hiring, training,
classification, and professional development needs of the
Federal workforce relating to artificial intelligence;
(6) examine and track the costs and benefits of artificial
intelligence use in the Federal Government, and make
recommendations for any limits that should be placed on the
acquisition, development, and use of artificial intelligence
and the capabilities of artificial intelligence;
(7) help improve the abilities of agencies to understand
artificial intelligence and intervene in crisis;
(8) review and analyze already deployed artificial
intelligence systems within the Federal Government for
potential harm; and
(9) assist the Director, as necessary, in--
(A) identifying, developing, coordinating, and
overseeing multi-agency projects and other initiatives
to improve Government performance;
(B) monitoring and managing risks relating to
developing, obtaining, or using artificial
intelligence, including by--
(i) promoting the development and use of
efficient, common, and shared approaches to key
processes that improve the delivery of services
for the public;
(ii) soliciting and providing perspectives
on matters of concern to the Council, as
appropriate, from and to--
(I) the Chief Financial Officers
Council;
(II) the Chief Human Capital
Officers Council;
(III) the Chief Acquisition
Officers Council;
(IV) the Chief Information Officers
Council;
(V) the Chief Data Officers
Council;
(VI) other interagency councils;
(VII) other key groups of the
Federal Government;
(VIII) industry;
(IX) academia;
(X) State, local, Tribal,
territorial, and international
governments; and
(XI) other individuals and
entities, as determined necessary by
the Director;
(iii) creating a framework for how agencies
can reduce risk in the design, development, and
use of artificial intelligence systems; and
(iv) implementing measurements and
producing specific guidance on use cases for
which the Federal Government should not be
developing, procuring, or using artificial
intelligence systems;
(C) ensuring artificial intelligence systems used
and procured by agencies are and have been responsibly
developed and evaluated such that the artificial
intelligence systems are transparent and secure, do not
infringe on privacy, and promote civil interests;
(D) continually monitoring the capabilities of
artificial intelligence systems used and procured by
the Federal Government; and
(E) ensuring accountability for the use and
procurement of artificial intelligence systems that
result in flawed, inaccurate, or biased decisions that
would impact individuals.
(c) Membership of CAIOC.--
(1) Chair.--The Director shall serve as the chair of the
Council.
(2) Cochair.--The cochair of the Council shall be--
(A) nominated by a majority of the members of the
Council; and
(B) designated as the cochair of the Council by the
Director.
(3) Members.--Members of the Council shall include--
(A) the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of
each agency described in section 901(b) of title 31,
United States Code;
(B) a representative from an agency with--
(i) advisory experience in scientific and
technological issues that require attention at
the highest level of Government; and
(ii) a role working with agencies to create
strategies, plans, policies and programs for
science and technology, including artificial
intelligence; and
(C) other members, as determined necessary by the
Director.
(4) Standing committees; working groups.--The Council shall
have the authority to establish standing committees and working
groups as necessary to consider items of concern to the
Council.
(d) Administrative Support.--The Administrator of General Services
shall provide administrative support for the Council.
SEC. 313. AGENCY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS.
(a) Duties of Agencies.--The head of each agency shall ensure the
responsible research, development, acquisition, application,
governance, and use of artificial intelligence by the agency that is
consistent with democratic values, including--
(1) privacy;
(2) civil rights and civil liberties;
(3) information security;
(4) nondiscrimination;
(5) transparency; and
(6) trustworthiness.
(b) Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 45 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the head of each agency shall
designate a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer with
responsibility for--
(A) promoting artificial intelligence innovation
and use within the agency to further the agency's
effectiveness and efficiency;
(B) providing input on the decision processes for
annual and multi-year planning, programming, budgeting,
and execution decisions, related reporting
requirements, and reports relating to artificial
intelligence of the agency;
(C) participating in internal control processes or
entities convened for the purpose of reviewing
artificial intelligence acquisitions throughout the
acquisition life cycle;
(D) producing a risk management plan for agency-
specific use cases of artificial intelligence,
including--
(i) a procedure for classifying risk levels
in agency use of artificial intelligence; and
(ii) specific guidance on use cases for
which the agency should not developing,
procuring, or using artificial intelligence
systems;
(E) in coordination with other responsible
officials of the agency--
(i) assessing and addressing agency
personnel requirements and professional
development requirements relating to artificial
intelligence;
(ii) developing and overseeing agency
processes regarding the design, acquisition,
development, modernization, use, data
management, operation, sharing, and auditing of
artificial intelligence systems by the agency,
including existing requirements to inventory
and publish agency use cases;
(iii) ensuring artificial intelligence
policies of the agency comply with the
Constitution of the United States and
Governmentwide requirements;
(iv) ensuring all artificial intelligence
systems used and procured by the agency are and
have been responsibly developed and evaluated
such that the systems are transparent and
secure, do not infringe on privacy, and promote
civil interests;
(v) continually monitoring the capabilities
and impacts of artificial intelligence systems
used and procured by the agency; and
(vi) ensuring accountability for the use
and procurement of artificial intelligence
systems that result in flawed, inaccurate, or
biased decisions that would impact individuals;
(F) helping to improve the ability of the agency to
understand artificial intelligence and to intervene in
crisis;
(G) reviewing and analyzing already deployed
artificial intelligence systems of the agency for
potential harm; and
(H) performing other functions relating to
artificial intelligence, as determined by the Director
or the head of the agency.
(2) Structure.--The Director shall issue guidance on the
appropriate reporting structure, qualifications, and seniority
level for the role of a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer.
(3) Seniority.--With respect to the Chief Artificial
Intelligence Officer of any agency described in section 901(b)
of title 31, United States Code, the Chief Artificial
Intelligence Officer shall be an executive with a position
classified above GS-15 of the General Schedule or the
equivalent.
(4) Roles.--The head of each agency shall ensure that the
Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the agency has a
significant role in--
(A) the decision processes for all annual and
multi-year planning, programming, budgeting, and
execution decisions, related reporting requirements,
and reports relating to artificial intelligence of the
agency; and
(B) the management, governance, acquisition, and
oversight processes of the agency relating to
artificial intelligence.
(5) Full-time employee.--
(A) In general.--To the extent practicable, each
Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer designated under
paragraph (1) shall be a full-time employee of the
agency on the date of the designation.
(B) Justification.--If the head of an agency
designates a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of
the agency who is not a full-time employee on the date
of the designation, the head of the agency shall
provide the Comptroller General of the United States a
justification for the designation of an individual who
is not a full-time employee, such as a lack of
qualified personnel.
(C) Inclusion in report.--The Comptroller General
of the United States shall include each justification
provided by the head of an agency under subparagraph
(B) in the report required under section 316(a).
(c) Informing Congress.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the head of each agency shall--
(1) inform the relevant congressional committees of the
appointment of a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer pursuant
to subsection (b); and
(2) if relevant, provide to the relevant congressional
committees a full description of any authorities and
responsibilities of the individual serving as the Chief
Artificial Intelligence Officer that are performed in addition
to the authorities and responsibilities of the individual in
the role of the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer.
SEC. 314. AGENCY COORDINATION ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
(a) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Director shall issue guidance directing the
head of each agency described in section 901(b) of title 31, United
States Code, to establish within the agency an Artificial Intelligence
Coordination Board to--
(1) coordinate artificial intelligence issues of the
agency; and
(2) to the extent applicable to the agency, publish a
statement of principles and goals relating to artificial
intelligence.
(b) Contents.--The guidance issued under subsection (a) shall--
(1) define the structure and activities of Artificial
Intelligence Coordination Boards of agencies; and
(2) ensure that the membership of the Artificial
Intelligence Coordination Board of an agency may include, to
the extent applicable to the agency--
(A) the deputy head of the agency;
(B) the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of
the agency, who shall serve as the chair of the
Artificial Intelligence Coordination Board of the
agency;
(C) the chief information officer of the agency;
(D) the chief acquisition officer of the agency;
(E) the senior procurement executive of the agency;
(F) the chief data officer of the agency;
(G) the chief human capital officer of the agency;
(H) the chief financial officer of the agency;
(I) the senior agency official for privacy of the
agency;
(J) the senior agency official for civil rights and
civil liberties of the agency; and
(K) other individuals, as determined by the
Director.
(c) Strategy.--
(1) In general.--The head of each agency shall establish an
artificial intelligence strategy for the responsible and
trustworthy adoption of artificial intelligence by the agency
to better achieve the mission of the agency to serve the people
of the United States.
(2) Contents.--The strategy required under paragraph (1)
shall include the following:
(A) Defined roles and responsibilities for the use
and oversight of artificial intelligence by the agency,
including oversight of compliance with relevant laws,
regulations, standards, and guidance.
(B) Defined values, ethics, and principles to
foster public trust and responsible use of artificial
intelligence by the agency.
(C) The standards, regulations, investments,
practices, and other items the agency will use to
improve trust and safety and ensure that artificial
intelligence systems are designed, developed, and
deployed in a manner that protects the rights and
safety of individuals.
(D) How the agency will oversee artificial
intelligence systems and applications to identify and
mitigate risk and prevent harm, including with respect
to privacy, civil rights, civil liberties, and
information security.
(E) The considerations and safeguards the agency
will use to protect the rights and safety of the public
with respect to artificial intelligence, including
mitigation of algorithmic discrimination.
(F) The domains or areas in which the agency uses
or anticipates using artificial intelligence.
(G) The steps the agency will take to strengthen
workforce knowledge to maximize the value artificial
intelligence can bring to mission outcomes while
mitigating any associated risks.
(H) How and under what conditions the agency can
use artificial intelligence to improve the interactions
of the agency with the public and the fulfillment of
the mission of the agency, while protecting against
harmful impacts on agency employees or the public.
(I) How the agency will coordinate and work across
components, offices, and programs of the agency on
artificial intelligence-related matters.
(J) How the agency will engage in interagency
governance and coordination with respect to artificial
intelligence, including to leverage shared resources,
expertise, and lessons learned to better leverage
artificial intelligence to improve Federal Government
operations and mitigate the risks of artificial
intelligence.
(K) How the agency will promote the use and
availability of data to support the artificial
intelligence efforts of the agency in accordance with
statutory, regulatory, and policy requirements.
(L) How the agency will work with the private
sector to ensure that procured artificial intelligence
systems or capabilities include protections to
safeguard the rights and safety of individuals and to
secure Federal Government data and other information.
(M) An outline of specific actions to implement the
strategy of the agency and desired outcomes.
SEC. 315. GAO REPORTS.
(a) In General.--Not later than two years after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
shall submit to the relevant congressional committees a report on--
(1) the implementation and effectiveness of Artificial
Intelligence Coordination Boards established pursuant to
guidance issued under section 314(a);
(2) an assessment of agency implementation and the
effectiveness of Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers;
(3) recommendations for improving the implementation and
effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Coordination Boards
established pursuant to guidance issued under section 314(a)
and Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers;
(4) an analysis by the Comptroller General of the United
States with respect to the costs and benefits of--
(A) the Federal implementation of artificial
intelligence; and
(B) the activities of the Artificial Intelligence
Coordination Boards established pursuant to guidance
issued under section 314(a);
(5) an assessment of the extent to which select agencies
appropriately consider the costs and benefits of the design,
development, deployment, and continuous monitoring of
artificial intelligence;
(6) an assessment of jobs that could be at risk of
dislocation and opportunities of other jobs with the Federal
Government and the economy of the United States as a result of
technological developments with respect to artificial
intelligence, including potential effects on blue collar and
white collar occupational categories;
(7) an inventory of artificial intelligence use cases of
each agency, including an assessment of how each agency
protects privacy and mitigates bias in the use by the agency of
artificial intelligence; and
(8) other relevant matters, as determined by the
Comptroller General of the United States.
(b) Additional Report.--Not later than two years after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
shall submit to the relevant congressional committees a report on the
impact of biased datasets on Federal use and implementation of
artificial intelligence systems.
SEC. 316. POST-ENACTMENT GUIDANCE FROM THE DIRECTOR.
Not later than five years after the date of the enactment of this
Act, the Director shall--
(1) consider technological and other developments, current
and future requirements, and options for artificial
intelligence governance; and
(2) issue a directive to agencies--
(A) updating leadership roles, organizational
structures, and other matters relating to artificial
intelligence, as determined relevant by the Director;
and
(B) that includes an action plan and timeline for
implementation.
SEC. 317. SUNSET.
Beginning on the date that is 90 days after the date of issuance of
the directive under section 316, this subtitle shall have no force or
effect.
Subtitle C--AI Incident Reporting and Security Enhancement
SEC. 321. ACTIVITIES TO SUPPORT VOLUNTARY VULNERABILITY AND INCIDENT
TRACKING ASSOCIATED WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
(a) Update to National Vulnerability Database.--The Director of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, in coordination with
industry stakeholders, standards development organizations, and
appropriate Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall carry out the
following:
(1) Establish or identify common definitions and any
characteristics of artificial intelligence security
vulnerabilities that make utilization of the National
Vulnerability Database inappropriate for the management of such
vulnerabilities, and develop processes and procedures for
vulnerability management of such vulnerabilities.
(2) Support the development of standards and guidance for
technical vulnerability management processes related to
artificial intelligence.
(3) Consistent with paragraphs (1) and (2), as appropriate,
initiate a process to update the Institute's processes and
procedures associated with the National Vulnerability Database
to ensure such Database and associated vulnerability management
processes incorporate artificial intelligence security
vulnerabilities to the greatest extent practicable.
(b) Assessing Voluntary Tracking of Substantial Artificial
Intelligence Security and Safety Incidents.--
(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, in consultation with the Director of
the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the
Department of Homeland Security, shall convene a multi-
stakeholder process to consider the development of a process
relating to the voluntary collection, reporting, and tracking
of substantial artificial intelligence security incidents and
substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents.
(2) Activities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
shall convene appropriate representatives of industry,
academia, nonprofit organizations, standards development
organizations, civil society groups, Sector Risk Management
Agencies, and appropriate Federal departments and agencies to
carry out the following:
(A) Establish common definitions and
characterizations for relevant aspects of substantial
artificial intelligence security incidents and
substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents,
which may include the following:
(i) Classifications that sufficiently
differentiate between the following:
(I) Artificial intelligence
security incidents.
(II) Artificial intelligence safety
incidents.
(ii) Taxonomies to classify incidents
referred to in clause (i) based on relevant
characteristics, impacts, or other appropriate
criteria.
(B) Assess the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of
an effort to voluntarily track substantial artificial
intelligence security incidents and substantial
artificial intelligence safety incidents.
(C) Identify and provide guidelines, best
practices, methodologies, procedures, and processes for
tracking and reporting substantial artificial
intelligence security incidents and substantial
artificial intelligence safety incidents across
different sectors and use cases.
(D) Support the development of standardized
reporting and documentation mechanisms, including
automated mechanisms, that would help provide
information, including public information, regarding
substantial artificial intelligence security incidents
and substantial artificial intelligence safety
incidents.
(E) Support the development of norms for reporting
of substantial artificial intelligence security
incidents and substantial artificial intelligence
safety incidents, taking into account when it is
appropriate to publicly disclose such incidents.
(3) Report.--Not later than three years after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology shall submit to Congress
a report on a process relating to the voluntary collection,
reporting, and tracking of substantial artificial intelligence
security incidents and substantial artificial intelligence
safety incidents under paragraph (1). Such report shall include
the following:
(A) Findings from the multi-stakeholder process
referred to in such paragraph.
(B) An assessment of and recommendations for
establishing reporting and collection mechanisms by
which industry, academia, nonprofit organizations,
standards development organizations, civil society
groups, and appropriate public sector entities may
voluntarily share standardized information regarding
substantial artificial intelligence security incidents
and substantial artificial intelligence safety
incidents.
(c) Limitation.--Nothing in this section provides the Director of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology with any enforcement
authority that was not in effect on the day before the date of the
enactment of this section.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial
intelligence'' has the meaning given such term in section 5002
of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020
(15 U.S.C. 9401).
(2) Artificial intelligence security vulnerability.--The
term ``artificial intelligence security vulnerability'' means a
weakness in an artificial intelligence system, system security
procedures, internal controls, or implementation that could be
exploited or triggered by a threat source.
(3) Artificial intelligence system.--The term ``artificial
intelligence system''--
(A) means any data system, software, application,
tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part
using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or
other forms of artificial intelligence, whether--
(i) the data system, software, application,
tool, or utility is established primarily for
the purpose of researching, developing, or
implementing artificial intelligence
technology; or
(ii) artificial intelligence capability is
integrated into another system or agency
business process, operational activity, or
technology system; and
(B) does not include any common commercial product
within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such
as a word processor or map navigation system.
(4) Nonprofit organization.--The term ``nonprofit
organization'' has the meaning given such term in section 201
of title 35, United States Code.
(5) Sector risk management agency.--The term ``Sector Risk
Management Agency'' has the meaning given such term in section
2200 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650).
(6) Threat source.--The term ``threat source'' means any of
the following:
(A) An intent and method targeted at the
intentional exploitation of a vulnerability.
(B) A situation and method that may accidentally
trigger a vulnerability.
TITLE IV--PROTECTING WORKERS AND EMPOWERING SMALL BUSINESSES
Subtitle A--AI Workforce Research Hub
SEC. 401. AI WORKFORCE RESEARCH HUB.
(a) In General.--There is established in the Department of Labor
the AI Workforce Research Hub (in this section referred to as the
``Hub'').
(b) Duties.--The Secretary of Labor, acting through the Hub and in
collaboration with the Commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
the Director of the U.S. Census Bureau, and the Director of the Bureau
of Economic Analysis, shall carry out the following:
(1) Evaluate the impact of AI on the labor market and the
experience of United States workers.
(2) Produce recurring evaluations of such impact.
(3) Conduct scenario planning for a range of potential
levels of such impact.
(4) Identify insights to inform workforce and education
policy with respect to such impact.
(c) AI Defined.--In this section, the term ``AI'' has the meaning
given the term ``artificial intelligence'' in section 5002 of the
National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C.
9401).
Subtitle B--Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement
SEC. 411. RESOURCES FOR SMALL BUSINESSES TO UTILIZE ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE.
Section 22A of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Act (15 U.S.C. 278h-1) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following new
subsection:
``(h) Development of Resources for Small Businesses in Utilizing
Artificial Intelligence.--
``(1) In general.--The Director shall, in carrying out
subsection (a), develop or identify, and disseminate (in
accordance with paragraph (4)), resources for small business
concerns (as defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15
U.S.C. 632)) relating to artificial intelligence. Such
resources may include technical standards, best practices,
benchmarks, methodologies, procedures, or processes for the
understanding, adoption, or integration of artificial
intelligence.
``(2) Requirements.--The Director shall ensure that the
resources described in paragraph (1) satisfy the following
requirements:
``(A) Are generally applicable and usable by a wide
range of small business concerns.
``(B) Include elements that promote basic
understanding, identification, and adoption of proper
use cases of artificial intelligence.
``(C) Include case studies of practical application
across a range of business sizes and types.
``(D) Are technology-neutral and relevant to
technologies that are accessible and suitable for small
business concerns.
``(E) Are based on international voluntary
standards as applicable, and are consistent with the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15
U.S.C. 3701 et seq.).
``(F) Include recommendations and references to
existing Federal educational resources, including the
risk management framework under subsection (c) and
activities relating to the national cybersecurity
awareness and education program under section 303 of
the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 (15 U.S.C.
7443).
``(3) Review and update of resources.--Not later than two
years after the date of the enactment of this subsection and
not less frequently than once every two years thereafter, the
Director shall carry out the following:
``(A) Review the resources described in paragraph
(1).
``(B) Update such resources as the Director
considers appropriate.
``(4) Dissemination and use of training resources.--The
Director shall coordinate with the Administrator of the Small
Business Administration regarding the distribution and use
through the resource partners of the Small Business
Administration of the resources described in paragraph (1).
``(5) Voluntary resources.--The use of the resources
described in paragraph (1) shall be considered voluntary.
``(6) Report.--
``(A) In general.--Not later than four years after
the date of the enactment of this subsection, the
Director shall submit to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate a report on the
development, identification, dissemination, and use of
the resources described in paragraph (1), including
updates made pursuant to paragraph (3).
``(B) Contents.--The report under subparagraph (A)
shall include the following:
``(i) A list of the resources described in
paragraph (1), including updates made pursuant
to paragraph (3).
``(ii) Relevant feedback from recipients of
such resources, and disseminators of such
resources pursuant to paragraph (4).
``(iii) Recommendations to Congress for
further actions to help with the utilization of
artificial intelligence by small business
concerns.''.
TITLE V--SAFEGUARDING AMERICANS AND DETERRING HARMFUL DEEPFAKES
Subtitle A--Disrupting Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits
SEC. 501. CIVIL ACTION RELATING TO DISCLOSURE OF INTIMATE IMAGES.
(a) Definitions.--Section 1309 of the Consolidated Appropriations
Act, 2022 (15 U.S.C. 6851) is amended--
(1) in the section heading, by inserting ``or nonconsensual
activity involving digital forgeries'' after ``intimate
images''; and
(2) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``competent,''
after ``conscious,'';
(B) by striking paragraph (3);
(C) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph
(3);
(D) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as
paragraphs (6) and (7), respectively;
(E) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
``(4) Identifiable individual.--The term `identifiable
individual' means an individual whose body appears in whole or
in part in an intimate visual depiction or intimate digital
forgery and who is identifiable by virtue of the individual's
face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as
a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature, or from
information displayed in connection with the intimate visual
depiction or intimate digital forgery.
``(5) Intimate digital forgery.--
``(A) In general.--The term `intimate digital
forgery' means any intimate visual depiction of an
identifiable individual that--
``(i) falsely represents, in whole or in
part--
``(I) the identifiable individual;
or
``(II) the conduct or content that
makes the visual depiction intimate;
``(ii) is created through the use of
software, machine learning, artificial
intelligence, or any other computer-generated
or technological means, including by adapting,
modifying, manipulating, or altering an
authentic visual depiction; and
``(iii) is indistinguishable from an
authentic visual depiction of the identifiable
individual when viewed as a whole by a
reasonable person.
``(B) Labels, disclosure, and context.--Any visual
depiction described in subparagraph (A) constitutes an
intimate digital forgery for purposes of this paragraph
regardless of whether a label, information disclosed
with the visual depiction, or the context or setting in
which the visual depiction is disclosed states or
implies that the visual depiction is not authentic.'';
and
(F) in paragraph (6)(A), as so redesignated--
(i) in clause (i), by striking ``or'' at
the end;
(ii) in clause (ii)--
(I) in subclause (I), by striking
``individual;'' and inserting
``individual; or''; and
(II) by striking subclause (III);
and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
``(iii) an identifiable individual engaging
in sexually explicit conduct; and''.
(b) Civil Action.--Section 1309(b) of the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2022 (15 U.S.C. 6851(b)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the
following:
``(A) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph
(5)--
``(i) an identifiable individual whose
intimate visual depiction is disclosed, in or
affecting interstate or foreign commerce or
using any means or facility of interstate or
foreign commerce, without the consent of the
identifiable individual, where such disclosure
was made by a person who knows or recklessly
disregards that the identifiable individual has
not consented to such disclosure, may bring a
civil action against that person in an
appropriate district court of the United States
for relief as set forth in paragraph (3);
``(ii) an identifiable individual who is
the subject of an intimate digital forgery may
bring a civil action in an appropriate district
court of the United States for relief as set
forth in paragraph (3) against any person that
knowingly produced or possessed the intimate
digital forgery with intent to disclose it,
knowingly disclosed the intimate digital
forgery, or knowingly solicited and received
the intimate digital forgery, if--
``(I) the identifiable individual
did not consent to such production or
possession with intent to disclose,
disclosure, or solicitation and
receipt;
``(II) the person knew or
recklessly disregarded that the
identifiable individual did not consent
to such production or possession with
intent to disclose, disclosure, or
solicitation and receipt; and
``(III) such production or
possession with intent to disclose,
disclosure, or solicitation and
receipt, is in or affects interstate or
foreign commerce or uses any means or
facility of interstate or foreign
commerce; and
``(iii) an identifiable individual who is
the subject of an intimate digital forgery may
bring a civil action in an appropriate district
court of the United States for relief as set
forth in paragraph (3) against any person that
knowingly produced the intimate digital forgery
if--
``(I) the identifiable individual
did not consent to such production;
``(II) the person knew or
recklessly disregarded that the
identifiable individual--
``(aa) did not consent to
such production; and
``(bb) was harmed, or was
reasonably likely to be harmed,
by the production; and
``(III) such production is in or
affects interstate or foreign commerce
or uses any means or facility of
interstate or foreign commerce.''; and
(B) in subparagraph (B)--
(i) in the subparagraph heading, by
inserting ``identifiable'' before
``individuals''; and
(ii) by striking ``an individual who is
under 18 years of age, incompetent,
incapacitated, or deceased, the legal guardian
of the individual'' and inserting ``an
identifiable individual who is under 18 years
of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or
deceased, the legal guardian of the
identifiable individual'';
(2) in paragraph (2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A)--
(i) by inserting ``identifiable'' before
``individual'';
(ii) by striking ``depiction'' and
inserting ``intimate visual depiction or
intimate digital forgery''; and
(iii) by striking ``distribution'' and
inserting ``disclosure, solicitation, or
possession''; and
(B) in subparagraph (B)--
(i) by inserting ``identifiable'' before
``individual'';
(ii) by inserting ``or intimate digital
forgery'' after ``depiction'' each place it
appears; and
(iii) by inserting ``, solicitation, or
possession'' after ``disclosure'';
(3) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5);
(4) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
``(3) Relief.--
``(A) In general.--In a civil action filed under
this section, an identifiable individual may recover--
``(i) damages as provided under
subparagraph (C); and
``(ii) the cost of the action, including
reasonable attorney fees and other litigation
costs reasonably incurred.
``(B) Punitive damages and other relief.--The court
may, in addition to any other relief available at law,
award punitive damages or order equitable relief,
including a temporary restraining order, a preliminary
injunction, or a permanent injunction ordering the
defendant to delete, destroy, or cease to display or
disclose the intimate visual depiction or intimate
digital forgery.
``(C) Damages.--For purposes of subparagraph
(A)(i), the identifiable individual may recover--
``(i) liquidated damages in the amount of--
``(I) $150,000; or
``(II) $250,000 if the conduct at
issue in the claim was--
``(aa) committed in
relation to actual or attempted
sexual assault, stalking, or
harassment of the identifiable
individual by the defendant; or
``(bb) the direct and
proximate cause of actual or
attempted sexual assault,
stalking, or harassment of the
identifiable individual by any
person; or
``(ii) actual damages sustained by the
individual, which shall include any profits of
the defendant that are attributable to the
conduct at issue in the claim that are not
otherwise taken into account in computing the
actual damages.
``(D) Calculation of defendant's profit.--For
purposes of subparagraph (C)(ii), to establish the
defendant's profits, the identifiable individual shall
be required to present proof only of the gross revenue
of the defendant, and the defendant shall be required
to prove the deductible expenses of the defendant and
the elements of profit attributable to factors other
than the conduct at issue in the claim.
``(4) Preservation of privacy.--In a civil action filed
under this section, the court may issue an order to protect the
privacy of a plaintiff, including by--
``(A) permitting the plaintiff to use a pseudonym;
``(B) requiring the parties to redact the personal
identifying information of the plaintiff from any
public filing, or to file such documents under seal;
and
``(C) issuing a protective order for purposes of
discovery, which may include an order indicating that
any intimate visual depiction or intimate digital
forgery shall remain in the care, custody, and control
of the court.'';
(5) in paragraph (5)(A), as so redesignated--
(A) by striking ``image'' and inserting ``visual
depiction or intimate digital forgery''; and
(B) by striking ``depicted'' and inserting
``identifiable''; and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
``(6) Statute of limitations.--Any action commenced under
this section shall be barred unless the complaint is filed not
later than 10 years from the later of--
``(A) the date on which the identifiable individual
reasonably discovers the violation that forms the basis
for the claim; or
``(B) the date on which the identifiable individual
reaches 18 years of age.
``(7) Duplicative recovery barred.--No relief may be
ordered under paragraph (3) against a person who is subject to
a judgment under section 2255 of title 18, United States Code,
for the same conduct involving the same identifiable individual
and the same intimate visual depiction or intimate digital
forgery.''.
(c) Continued Applicability of Federal, State, and Tribal Law.--
(1) In general.--This subtitle shall not be construed to
impair, supersede, or limit a provision of Federal, State, or
Tribal law.
(2) No preemption.--Nothing in this subtitle shall prohibit
a State or Tribal government from adopting and enforcing a
provision of law governing disclosure of intimate images or
nonconsensual activity involving an intimate digital forgery,
as defined in section 1309(a) of the Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2022 (15 U.S.C. 6851(a)), as amended by
this subtitle, that is at least as protective of the rights of
a victim as this subtitle.
SEC. 502. SEVERABILITY; RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
(a) Severability.--If any provision of this subtitle, an amendment
made by this subtitle, or the application of such a provision or
amendment to any person or circumstance, is held to be
unconstitutional, the remaining provisions of and amendments made by
this subtitle, and the application of the provision or amendment held
to be unconstitutional to any other person or circumstance, shall not
be affected thereby.
(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this subtitle, or an
amendment made by this subtitle, shall be construed to limit or expand
any law pertaining to intellectual property.
Subtitle B--AI Fraud Deterrence
SEC. 511. FINANCIAL CRIMES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
(a) Mail Fraud.--Section 1341 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) by striking ``$1,000,000'' and inserting
``$2,000,000''; and
(2) by inserting after the period at the end the following:
``If the violation is committed with the assistance of
artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more
than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or
both.''.
(b) Wire Fraud.--Section 1343 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) by striking ``$1,000,000'' and inserting
``$2,000,000''; and
(2) by inserting after the period at the end the following:
``If the violation is committed with the assistance of
artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more
than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or
both.''.
(c) Bank Fraud.--Section 1344 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) by striking ``Whoever knowingly'' and inserting the
following:
``(a) In General.--Whoever knowingly''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
``(b) Artificial Intelligence.--Whoever commits subsection (a) with
the assistance of artificial intelligence shall be fined not more than
$2,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.''.
(d) Artificial Intelligence Defined.--
(1) In general.--Section 1346 of title 18, United States
Code, is amended--
(A) by amending the section heading to read as
follows: ``Definitions'';
(B) by striking ``chapter, the term'' and inserting
the following: ``chapter--
``(1) the term'';
(C) by striking the period at the end and inserting
``; and''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(2) the term `artificial intelligence' has the meaning
given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial
Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).''.
(2) Clerical amendment.--The table of sections for chapter
63 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the
item relating to section 1346 and inserting the following:
``1346. Definitions.''.
(e) Money Laundering.--Section 1956 of title 18, United States
Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1), in the continuation text
following subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting after ``or
both'' the following: ``, or, in the case that such
violation is committed with the assistance of
artificial intelligence, shall be fined not more than
$1,000,000 or thrice the value of the monetary
instrument or funds involved in the transaction,
whichever is greater, or imprisoned for not more than
20 years, or both'';
(B) in paragraph (2), in the continuation text
following subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting after ``or
both'' the following: ``, or, in the case that such
violation is committed with the assistance of
artificial intelligence, shall be fined not more than
$1,000,000 or thrice the value of the monetary
instrument or funds involved in the transportation,
transmission, or transfer, whichever is greater, or
imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both''; and
(C) in paragraph (3), in the continuation text
following subparagraph (C), by inserting after ``or
both'' the following: ``, or, in the case that such
violation is committed with the assistance of
artificial intelligence, shall be fined under this
title, or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or
both''; and
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'' at the
end;
(B) in paragraph (9), by striking the period and
inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(10) the term `artificial intelligence' has the meaning
given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial
Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).''.
SEC. 512. AI IMPERSONATION OF FEDERAL OFFICIALS.
Section 912 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by
inserting after ``or both'' the following: ``, or, in the case that
such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial
intelligence (as such term is defined in section 5002 of the National
Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401)), shall
be fined not more than $1,000,000, or imprisoned not more than three
years, or both''.
Subtitle C--AI Whistleblower Protection
SEC. 521. DEFINITIONS.
In this subtitle:
(1) AI security vulnerability.--The term ``AI security
vulnerability'' means any failure or lapse in security that
could potentially allow emerging artificial intelligence
technology to be acquired by a person (including a foreign
entity) by theft or other means.
(2) AI violation.--The term ``AI violation'' means--
(A) any violation of Federal law, including rules
and regulations, related to or committed during the
development, deployment, or use of artificial
intelligence; or
(B) any failure to appropriately respond to a
substantial and specific danger that the development,
deployment, or use of artificial intelligence may pose
to public safety, public health, or national security.
(3) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial
intelligence'' includes any of the following:
(A) An artificial system that performs tasks under
varying and unpredictable circumstances without
significant human oversight, or that can learn from
experience and improve performance when exposed to data
sets.
(B) An artificial system developed in computer
software, physical hardware, or other context that
solves tasks requiring human-like perception,
cognition, planning, learning, communication, or
physical action.
(C) An artificial system designed to think or act
like a human, including cognitive architectures and
neural networks.
(D) A set of techniques, including machine
learning, that are designed to approximate a cognitive
task.
(E) An artificial system designed to act
rationally, including an intelligent software agent or
embodied robot that achieves goals using perception,
planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision
making, and acting.
(4) Artificial system.--The term ``artificial system''--
(A) means any data system, software, application,
tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part
using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or
other forms of artificial intelligence, including in
the case--
(i) the data system, software, application,
tool, or utility is established primarily for
the purpose of researching, developing, or
implementing artificial intelligence
technology; or
(ii) artificial intelligence capability is
integrated into another system or agency
business process, operational activity, or
technology system; and
(B) does not include any common commercial product
within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such
as a word processor or map navigation system.
(5) Commerce; industry or activity affecting commerce.--The
terms ``commerce'' and ``industry or activity affecting
commerce'' mean any activity, business, or industry in commerce
or in which a labor dispute would hinder or obstruct commerce
or the free flow of commerce, and include ``commerce'' and any
``industry affecting commerce'', as defined in section 501 of
the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947 (29 U.S.C. 142).
(6) Covered individual.--The term ``covered individual''
includes--
(A) an employee, including a former employee; and
(B) an independent contractor, including a former
independent contractor.
(7) Emerging artificial intelligence technology.--The term
``emerging artificial intelligence technology'', with respect
to an AI security vulnerability, means any artificial system
that exhibits a level of performance, complexity, or autonomy
that is comparable to or exceeds capabilities that are
generally considered state-of-the-art as of the time of the AI
security vulnerability.
(8) Employer.--The term ``employer'' means any person
(including any officer, employee, contractor, subcontractor,
agent, company, partnership, or other individual or entity)
engaged in commerce or an industry or activity affecting
commerce who pays any compensation to a covered individual in
exchange for the covered individual providing work to the
person.
SEC. 522. ANTI-RETALIATION PROTECTION FOR AI WHISTLEBLOWERS.
(a) Prohibition Against Retaliation.--No employer may, directly or
indirectly, discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, blacklist, harass, or
in any other manner discriminate against a covered individual in the
terms and conditions of employment or post-employment of the covered
individual (or the terms and conditions of work provided by the covered
individual as an independent contractor) because of any lawful act done
by the covered individual--
(1) in providing information regarding an AI security
vulnerability or AI violation, or any conduct that the covered
individual reasonably believes constitutes an AI security
vulnerability or AI violation, to--
(A) the appropriate regulatory official or the
Attorney General;
(B) a regulatory or law enforcement agency; or
(C) any Member of Congress or any committee of
Congress;
(2) in initiating, testifying in, or assisting in any
investigation or judicial or administrative action of an
appropriate regulatory or law enforcement agency or the
Department of Justice, or any investigation of Congress, based
upon or related to the information described in paragraph (1);
or
(3) in providing information regarding an AI security
vulnerability or AI violation, or any conduct that the covered
individual reasonably believes constitutes an AI security
vulnerability or AI violation, to--
(A) a person with supervisory authority over the
covered individual at the employer of the covered
individual; or
(B) another individual working for the employer
described in subparagraph (A) whom the covered
individual reasonably believes has the authority to--
(i) investigate, discover, or terminate the
misconduct; or
(ii) take any other action to address the
misconduct.
(b) Enforcement.--
(1) In general.--A covered individual who alleges such
individual is aggrieved by a violation of subsection (a) may
seek relief under paragraph (3) by--
(A) filing a complaint with the Secretary of Labor
in accordance with the requirements of paragraph
(2)(A); or
(B) if the Secretary of Labor has not issued a
final decision in accordance with such paragraph within
180 days of the filing of such complaint, and there is
no showing that such a delay is due to the bad faith of
the covered individual, bringing an action against the
employer at law or in equity in the appropriate
district court of the United States, which shall have
jurisdiction over such an action without regard to the
amount in controversy.
(2) Procedure.--
(A) Department of labor complaints.--
(i) In general.--Except as provided in
clause (ii) and paragraph (3), a complaint
filed with the Secretary of Labor under
paragraph (1)(A) shall be governed by the rules
and procedures set forth in section 42121(b) of
title 49, United States Code, including the
legal burdens of proof described in such
section.
(ii) Exceptions.--With respect to a
complaint filed under paragraph (1)(A),
notification required under section 42121(b)(1)
of title 49, United States Code, shall be made
to each person named in the complaint,
including the employer.
(B) District court actions.--
(i) Jury trial.--A party to an action
brought under paragraph (1)(B) shall be
entitled to trial by jury.
(ii) Statute of limitations.--
(I) In general.--An action may not
be brought under paragraph (1)(B)--
(aa) more than 6 years
after the date on which the
violation of subsection (a)
occurs; or
(bb) more than 3 years
after the date on which facts
material to the right of action
are known, or reasonably should
have been known, by the covered
individual bringing the action.
(II) Required action within 10
years.--Notwithstanding subclause (I),
an action under paragraph (1)(B) may
not in any circumstance be brought more
than 10 years after the date on which
the violation occurs.
(3) Relief.--Relief for a covered individual prevailing
with respect to a complaint filed under paragraph (1)(A) or an
action under paragraph (1)(B) shall include--
(A) reinstatement with the same seniority status
that the covered individual would have had, but for the
violation;
(B) two times the amount of back pay otherwise owed
to the covered individual, with interest;
(C) the payment of compensatory damages, which
shall include compensation for litigation costs, expert
witness fees, and reasonable attorneys' fees; and
(D) any other appropriate remedy with respect to
the violation as determined by the Secretary of Labor
in a complaint under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1)
or by the court in an action under subparagraph (B) of
such paragraph.
(c) Nonenforceability Waivers of Rights or Remedies.--The rights
and remedies provided for in this section may not be waived or altered
by any contract, agreement, policy form, or condition of employment (or
condition of work as an independent contractor), including by any
agreement requiring a covered individual to engage in arbitration,
mediation, or any other alternative dispute resolution process prior to
seeking relief under subsection (b).
TITLE VI--EXPANDING EDUCATION, LITERACY, AND INCLUSION
Subtitle A--Codifying AI Literacy Efforts of the AI Task Force
SEC. 601. AI LITERACY EFFORTS OF THE AI TASK FORCE.
The Director of the National Science Foundation shall take such
actions as may be necessary to provide to the STEM Teachers Corps Pilot
Program and the Computer Science for All Program of the Foundation
general support in accordance with the recommendations of the AI Task
Force established on February 20, 2024, of the House of
Representatives.
Subtitle B--New Collar Jobs Tax Credit
SEC. 611. EMPLOYEE CYBERSECURITY EDUCATION.
(a) In General.--Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end
the following new section:
``SEC. 45BB. EMPLOYEE CYBERSECURITY EDUCATION.
``(a) In General.--For purposes of section 38, the employee
cybersecurity education credit determined under this section for the
taxable year is an amount equal to 50 percent of the aggregate
qualified employee cybersecurity education expenses paid or incurred by
the employer during such taxable year.
``(b) Limitation.--The amount allowed as a credit under subsection
(a) for the taxable year with respect to an employee shall not exceed
$5,000.
``(c) Qualified Employee Cybersecurity Education Expenses.--For
purposes of this section, the term `qualified employee cybersecurity
education expenses' means amounts paid or incurred for each employee
who earns a certificate or degree at the undergraduate or graduate
level or industry-recognized certification relating to those specialty
areas and work roles that are listed in NCWF Work Roles in the document
entitled, `NICE Cybersecurity Workforce Framework (NCWF)', or any
successor thereto, published by the National Initiative for
Cybersecurity Education (NICE) of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology.
``(d) Certain Rules To Apply.--Rules similar to the rules of
subsections (i)(1) and (k) of section 51 shall apply for purposes of
this section.''.
(b) Credit Made Part of General Business Credit.--Subsection (b) of
section 38 of such Code is amended--
(1) by striking ``plus'' at the end of paragraph (40),
(2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (41) and
inserting ``, plus'', and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (41) the following new
paragraph:
``(42) the employee cybersecurity education credit
determined under section 45BB(a).''.
(c) Denial of Double Benefit.--Subsection (a) of section 280C of
such Code is amended by inserting ``45BB(a),'' after ``45S(a),''.
(d) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for subpart D of
part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding
at the end the following new item:
``Sec. 45BB. Employee cybersecurity education.''.
(e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of
this Act.
SEC. 612. CYBERSECURITY TRAINING INCENTIVE FOR GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS.
(a) In General.--The head of an executive agency shall award a five
percent score increase to each competitive proposal submitted by a
qualified offeror for the evaluation of a competitive proposal received
in response to a solicitation for a contract valued in excess of
$5,000,000.
(b) Applicability.--This section shall apply with respect to any
solicitation issued on an after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(c) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Executive agency.--The term ``executive agency'' has
the meaning given such term in section 102 of title 40, United
States Code.
(2) Qualified offeror.--The term ``qualified offeror''
means a business that has claimed the employee cybersecurity
education credit under section 45BB of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as added by section 611, at least once within the
three-year period preceding the date on which the business
submits a competitive proposal for a contract valued in excess
of $5,000,000.
Subtitle C--Literacy in Future Technologies Artificial Intelligence
SEC. 621. PREPARING K-12 EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS FOR AN AI LITERATE
FUTURE.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) AI literacy education is crucial not only for
developing a skilled workforce and positioning the United
States as a leader in this critical field, but also for
mitigating the ethical challenges associated with AI;
(2) as strategic adversaries pursue AI technology for the
purposes of surveillance, weaponization, and economic
competition, maintaining United States leadership through an AI
literate public is essential;
(3) AI literacy education at the K-12 education levels
forms the foundation for success in this competitive
environment, and proficiency with these technologies is
becoming necessary to be an engaged and informed citizen;
(4) AI technology is rapidly evolving, and current best
practices for learning and developing AI literacy today may not
be applicable in the future;
(5) awards made under this section should recognize the
rapidly evolving nature of AI technology, and identify and
focus on those skills that will remain relevant to AI literacy
considering likely changes in AI capabilities; and
(6) awards made under this section should recognize student
progression to more advanced topics as they progress through K-
12 education.
(b) Awards.--The Director may make awards on a merit-reviewed,
competitive basis to institutions of higher education and nonprofit
organizations (and consortia thereof) to support research activities to
develop educational curricula and evaluation methods for AI literacy at
the K-12 education level.
(c) Use of Award Funds.--Activities funded by awards made under
this section may include the following:
(1) Formal and informal K-12 education curriculum
development focused on the essential abilities and competencies
necessary for AI literacy that is learner-centered, project-
based, and can be personalized in the classroom.
(2) Engaging State and local educational agencies,
principals, educators, and other school leaders of students in
kindergarten through grade 12, in professional learning
opportunities to--
(A) enhance AI literacy and proficiency; and
(B) develop best practices.
(3) Developing AI literacy evaluation tools for educators
assessing proficiency in AI literacy.
(4) Designing and implementing professional development
courses and experiences in AI literacy, including mentoring,
for State and local educational agencies, principals,
educators, and other school leaders that integrate in-person,
virtual, and distance learning experiences.
(5) Development of hands-on learning tools to assist in
developing and improving AI literacy.
(6) Augmenting existing curriculum to incorporate AI
literacy where appropriate, including responsible use of AI in
learning.
(7) Additional activities determined appropriate by the
Director.
(d) Implementation.--The Director may carry out this section by
making awards through new or existing programs.
(e) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) AI.--The term ``AI'' has the meaning given the term
``artificial intelligence'' in section 5002 of the National
Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C.
9401).
(2) AI literacy.--The term ``AI literacy'' means having the
age-appropriate knowledge and ability to use AI effectively, to
critically interpret outputs, to solve problems in an AI-
enabled world, and to safely and ethically use AI.
(3) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of
the National Science Foundation.
(4) Institution of higher education.--The term
``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such
term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
U.S.C. 1001).
(5) K-12 education.--The term ``K-12 education'' means
elementary schools and secondary schools, as such terms are
defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
Subtitle D--Expanding AI Voices Through Capacity Building
SEC. 631. EXPANDING CAPACITY IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SCIENCE.
Section 5401 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act
of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9451) is amended by--
(1) redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and
(2) inserting after subsection (f) the following new
subsection:
``(g) Expanding Capacity in Artificial Intelligence.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, in consultation with agency heads the Director
considers appropriate, shall make awards on a competitive,
merit-reviewed basis to eligible institutions of higher
education specified in paragraph (2) or nonprofit organizations
(or consortia thereof) to broaden participation in artificial
intelligence research, education, and workforce development by
increasing the ability of the United States to increase
capacity and partnerships for artificial intelligence research
and development.
``(2) Eligible institutions of higher education
specified.--An eligible institution of higher education
specified in this paragraph is any of the following:
``(A) An institution of higher education, that,
according to the data published by the National Center
for Science and Engineering Statistics, is not, on
average, among the top 100 institutions in Federal
research and development expenditures during the 3-year
period prior to the year of the award concerned.
``(B) A historically Black college or university.
``(C) A minority-serving institution.
``(D) A Tribal College or University.
``(E) A consortium of any of the entities specified
in subparagraphs (A) through (D).
``(3) Collaborations.--A consortium receiving an award
under this subsection may include any of the following:
``(A) Mutually beneficial partnerships with
institutions of higher education, nonprofit
organizations, Federal agencies, State, territorial,
local, and Tribal governments, and private sector
entities.
``(B) Developing partnerships with any of the
following:
``(i) Artificial intelligence research
institutes under section 5201.
``(ii) Recipients of other relevant awards
made by the Director of the National Science
Foundation.
``(4) Use of funds.--In carrying out the activities under
this subsection, an eligible institution of higher education or
nonprofit organization (or consortium thereof) shall carry out
one or more of the following:
``(A) Development or expansion of research programs
in artificial intelligence and related disciplines.
``(B) Faculty recruitment and professional
development in artificial intelligence and related
disciplines.
``(C) Bridge programs focused on preparing post-
baccalaureate students for graduate programs in
artificial intelligence and related disciplines.
``(D) Provide or broker access to research
resources, including computing resources, networking,
data facilities, and software engineering support for
artificial intelligence research and development.
``(E) Community building activities to foster
mutually beneficial public-private collaboration with
Federal research agencies, industry, Federal
laboratories, academia, and nonprofit organizations.
``(F) Development and hosting of intra- or inter-
institutional workshops to broaden workforce
participation in artificial intelligence research and
development.
``(G) Activities to integrate ethical and
responsible practices and principles into education
programs in artificial intelligence and related
disciplines.
``(H) Other activities necessary to build research
capacity, education pathways, and workforce development
pathways in artificial intelligence and related
disciplines.
``(5) Outreach.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall--
``(A) conduct outreach to eligible institutions of
higher education specified in paragraph (2) and
nonprofit organizations to apply for awards under this
subsection; and
``(B) engage participants from all regions of the
United States, especially individuals from underserved
communities and groups historically underrepresented in
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
``(6) Duplication.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall ensure awards made under this section are
complimentary to, and not duplicative of, awards made under
existing programs.
``(7) Additional considerations.--In making awards under
this subsection, the Director of the National Science
Foundation may also consider the following:
``(A) The extent to which the eligible institutions
of higher education specified in paragraph (2) and
nonprofit organizations applying for such awards
support students from diverse backgrounds, including
first-generation undergraduate students.
``(B) The geographic diversity of such institutions
and organizations.
``(C) Relative resource constraints of such
institutions and organizations.
``(8) Definitions.--In this subsection:
``(A) Historically black college or university.--
The term `historically Black college or university' has
the meaning given the term `part B institution' in
section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
U.S.C. 1061).
``(B) Minority-serving institution.--The term
`minority-serving institution' means a Hispanic-serving
institution (as defined in section 502 of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a)); an Alaska
Native-serving institution or Native Hawaiian-serving
institution (as defined in section 317 of such Act (20
U.S.C. 1059d)); or a predominantly Black institution,
Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-
serving institution, or Native American-serving
nontribal institution (as defined in section 371 of
such Act (20 U.S.C. 1067q)).
``(C) Nonprofit organization.--The term `nonprofit
organization' means an organization described in
subsection (c)(3) of section 501 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under
subsection (a) of such section.
``(D) Tribal college or university.--The term
`Tribal College or University' has the meaning given
such term in section 316 of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).''.
Subtitle E--NSF AI Education
SEC. 641. SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Paragraph (2) of section 5401(e) of the National Artificial
Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9451(e)) is amended--
(1) in the heading, by striking ``faculty''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
``(D) Student scholarships and fellowships in
artificial intelligence.--
``(i) In general.--The Director of the
National Science Foundation may support
scholarships and fellowships for undergraduate
and graduate students by making awards through
institutions of higher education, including
community colleges, to students who are
enrolled in programs of study leading to
degrees or concentrations in or related to the
design, research, assessment, development,
deployment, integration, or application of
artificial intelligence.
``(ii) Considerations.--In carrying out
clause (i), the Director of the National
Science Foundation may prioritize making awards
to students who are enrolled in programs of
study leading to degrees or concentrations in
or related to any of the following:
``(I) The teaching of artificial
intelligence at elementary schools,
secondary schools, career and technical
education schools, institutions of
higher education, or through other
higher education and professional
education programs.
``(II) Artificial intelligence and
advanced manufacturing, including the
integration of artificial intelligence
into advanced manufacturing operations.
``(III) Artificial intelligence and
agriculture, including the integration
of artificial intelligence into
agricultural operations, prediction,
and decision making.
``(iii) Awards.--Scholarships and
fellowships awarded under this subparagraph may
be in the form of awards that cover the cost of
tuition, education-related fees, a stipend, and
professional development funds for a period of
up to five years. Such scholarships and
fellowships shall be paid directly to the
institution of higher education in which the
student is enrolled.
``(iv) Outreach.--The Director of the
National Science Foundation shall conduct
outreach and encourage applications from rural-
located institutions of higher education,
rural-serving institutions of higher education
(as such term is defined in section 861 of the
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
1161q)), Tribal Colleges and Universities (as
such term is defined in section 316 of such Act
(20 U.S.C. 1059c)), and institutions located in
an Established Program to Stimulate Competitive
Research (EPSCoR) jurisdiction.
``(v) Method.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation may carry out this
subparagraph by making awards through new or
existing programs.
``(E) Artificial intelligence professional
development fellowships.--
``(i) In general.--The Director of the
National Science Foundation may support
activities to promote the exchange of ideas and
encourage collaborations between institutions
of higher education and industry partners in
the field of artificial intelligence, including
through fellowships for students, teachers,
faculty, and industry professionals.
``(ii) Supplementals for students and
faculty.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation may award fellowships for students
and faculty to pursue professional development
programs in STEM fields that are administered
by or affiliated with institutions of higher
education, including community colleges, in
order to enable recipients to attain skills,
training, or education in partnership with
industry members on the design, research,
assessment, development, deployment,
integration, or application of artificial
intelligence.
``(iii) Fellowships for industry
professionals.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation may award fellowships to
industry professionals to enable recipients to
seek short-term appointments to instruct and
educate students on the design, research,
assessment, development, deployment,
integration, or application of artificial
intelligence.
``(iv) Fellowships for school
professionals.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation may award fellowships to
teachers, school counselors, and other school
professionals for professional development
programs in order to enable recipients to
attain skills, training, or education in
partnership with industry members on the
teaching, use of, or application of artificial
intelligence in K-12 education settings.
``(v) Awards.--Awards made under this
subparagraph may be in the form of awards that
cover the cost of tuition, education-related
fees, a stipend, and professional development
funds for up to one year. Such awards shall be
paid directly to the institution of higher
education that administers, or is affiliated
with, the program in which the fellowship
recipient is participating.
``(F) National science foundation outreach
campaign.--
``(i) In general.--The Director of the
National Science Foundation may carry out a
nationwide outreach campaign to students at
elementary schools, secondary schools, career
and technical education schools, institutions
of higher education, or through other higher
education and professional education programs
to increase awareness regarding National
Science Foundation-funded artificial
intelligence education opportunities.
``(ii) Priority.--In carrying out the
campaign described in clause (i), the Director
of the National Science Foundation may
prioritize outreach to groups historically
underrepresented in STEM, including in
underserved and rural areas.
``(G) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a
scholarship or fellowship under this paragraph, an
individual shall satisfy all of the following:
``(i) Be a citizen, national, or lawful
permanent resident of the United States.
``(ii) Demonstrate a commitment to a career
in advancing the field of artificial
intelligence.
``(iii) Accept the terms of such
scholarship or fellowship, as the case may be.
``(H) Report.--
``(i) In general.--Not later than seven
years after the date of the enactment of this
subparagraph, the Director of the National
Science Foundation shall submit to Congress,
and make widely available to the public, a
report including any recommendations for
legislative action that could optimize the
effectiveness of the scholarships and
fellowships under this paragraph.
``(ii) Report requirements.--In preparing
the report under clause (i), the Director of
the National Science Foundation may, as
practicable--
``(I) include an assessment of the
effectiveness of such scholarships and
fellowships in expanding
apprenticeships, internships, and other
applied or experiential learning
opportunities offered by employers in
conjunction with community colleges or
other institutions of higher education;
``(II) assess the number of
students who received such scholarships
and fellowships;
``(III) assess the percentage of
such students who successfully complete
their education programs and intend to
enter the workforce;
``(IV) assess the percentage of
undergraduate, graduate, and post-
doctoral students who enter the
workforce in a field relating to such a
scholarship or fellowship;
``(V) assess the impact in the
number of K-12 teachers, school
counselors, and other school
professionals who received such a
scholarship or fellowship; and
``(VI) include an assessment of the
effects such scholarships and
fellowships have on related fields.''.
SEC. 642. COMMUNITY COLLEGE AND AREA CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL
SCHOOL CENTERS OF AI EXCELLENCE.
(a) In General.--Subparagraph (B) of section 5401(e)(3) of the
National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C.
9451(e)(3)) is amended to read as follows:
``(B) Centers of ai excellence.--
``(i) Definitions.--In this subparagraph:
``(I) Area career and technical
education school.--The term `area
career and technical education school'
has the meaning given such term in
section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career
and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20
U.S.C. 2302).
``(II) Eligible applicant.--The
term `eligible applicant' means a
community college, or area career and
technical education school, in
partnership with one or more of the
following:
``(aa) A Federal, State,
local, territorial, or Tribal
government entity.
``(bb) An institution of
higher education.
``(cc) An entity in private
industry.
``(dd) An economic
development organization or
venture development
organization.
``(ee) A labor or workforce
training organization, which
may include State workforce
development boards and local
workforce development boards as
established under sections 101
and 107 of the Workforce
Innovation and Opportunity Act
(29 U.S.C. 3111 and 3122).
``(ff) A nonprofit
organization.
``(III) Nonprofit organization.--
The term `nonprofit organization' has
the meaning given such term in section
201 of title 35, United States Code.
``(IV) Venture development
organization.--The term `venture
development organization' has the
meaning given such term in section 27
of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology
Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.
3722).
``(ii) Establishment of centers of ai
excellence.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation, in coordination with the
Regional Technology and Innovation Hub program
of the Department of Commerce, and leveraging
the Regional Innovation Engines, the Advanced
Technological Education program, and other
programs of the National Science Foundation,
shall establish up to eight regionally and
geographically diverse eligible applicants to
be designated as Community College and Area
Career and Technical Education Centers of AI
Excellence (referred to in this subparagraph as
`Centers of AI Excellence'). Such Centers of AI
Excellence shall enhance educational outcomes
and drive workforce development by integrating
artificial intelligence into teaching,
learning, and community engagement.
``(iii) Application.--An eligible applicant
seeking to be designated as a Center of AI
Excellence shall submit to the Director of the
National Science Foundation an application at
such time, in such manner, and containing such
information as the Director may require. Such
application shall include the following:
``(I) A description of the focus
area or areas for such proposed Center
of AI Excellence and how such area or
areas are aligned with regional
investments made by industry and the
Federal Government.
``(II) A description of the
capacity of such applicant to carry out
the purpose of such proposed Center of
AI Excellence.
``(III) A description of current
and anticipated future workforce
demands in occupations directly related
to such proposed Center of AI
Excellence.
``(IV) A description of how such
applicant will support the collection
of information and data for evaluating
such proposed Center of AI Excellence.
``(V) Outreach plans for recruiting
and enrolling women and other
underrepresented populations.
``(VI) An evaluation plan that
includes the use of outcome-oriented
measures to assess the impact and
efficacy of such proposed Center for AI
Excellence.
``(iv) Activities.--A Center of AI
Excellence shall develop and disseminate
information regarding best practices for
matters such as the following:
``(I) Artificial intelligence
research and education at community
colleges and area career and technical
education schools.
``(II) Methods to scale up
successful programs that perform
research or provide education on
artificial intelligence at community
colleges and area career and technical
education schools.
``(III) Providing educators and
teachers with actionable strategies and
resources to effectively integrate
artificial intelligence into
curriculums in the classroom.
``(IV) Providing hands-on research
opportunities on artificial
intelligence and learning opportunities
for students that are enabled through
artificial intelligence.
``(V) Identifying pathways for
students to jobs that are enabled by
artificial intelligence.
``(VI) Facilitating partnerships
with employers, employer consortia, or
other private sector organizations that
offer apprenticeships, internships,
cooperative education, or applied
learning experiences in the field of
artificial intelligence.
``(v) Partnerships.--The Director of the
National Science Foundation shall encourage
applicants to consider including or partnering
with a nonprofit organization or an institution
of higher education (or a consortium thereof)
that has extensive experience and expertise in
artificial intelligence.
``(vi) Accountability and dissemination.--
``(I) Evaluation required.--The
Director of the National Science
Foundation shall evaluate the
activities under clause (iv). Such
evaluation, to the extent practicable,
shall integrate the findings of
research resulting from such activity
or activities as a result of a
designation under clause (ii) with the
findings of other research on
artificial intelligence education.
``(II) Report on evaluation.--Not
later than 180 days after the
completion of the evaluation under
subclause (I), the Director of the
National Science Foundation shall
submit to Congress and make widely
available to the public a report that
includes the following:
``(aa) The results of such
evaluation.
``(bb) Any recommendations
for administrative and
legislative action that could
optimize the effectiveness of
the designations under clause
(ii).''.
SEC. 643. AWARDS FOR RESEARCH ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION.
(a) In General.--Section 5401 of the National Artificial
Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9451), as amended by
section 631, is further amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (j); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following new
subsections:
``(h) Awards for Research on Artificial Intelligence in
Education.--
``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
``(A) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity'
means any of the following:
``(i) An institution of higher education.
``(ii) A nonprofit organization.
``(iii) A consortium of one or more
institutions of higher education or nonprofit
organizations and one or more private sector
entities.
``(B) Nonprofit organization.--The term `nonprofit
organization' has the meaning given such term in
section 201 of title 35, United States Code.
``(2) Awards.--
``(A) In general.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation may make awards on a competitive,
merit-reviewed basis to eligible entities, to enable
such entities to promote research regarding teaching
models, tools, and materials for artificial
intelligence and its integration into the classroom,
teaching, and learning for pre-kindergarten through
grade 12 students who are from low-income, rural, or
Tribal populations.
``(B) Method.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation may carry out subparagraph (A) by making
awards through new or existing programs.
``(3) Application.--
``(A) In general.--An eligible entity that seeks an
award under this subsection shall submit to the
Director of the National Science Foundation an
application at such time, in such manner, and
containing such information as the Director may
require.
``(B) Contents.--An application under subparagraph
(A) may include the following:
``(i) A description of the student
demographics on which the research supported
under the award at issue would intend to focus.
``(ii) A description of any regional
partnerships the eligible entity plans to
utilize with respect to such award.
``(iii) With respect to an application that
concerns the use or integration of artificial
intelligence, a description of potential
ethical concerns and implications of teacher,
faculty, and student interactions with
artificial intelligence.
``(iv) A description of how proposed
research on teaching models, tools, and
materials was developed in consultation with
other educators, academia, industry, government
entities, or civil society organizations.
``(v) Such other information as the
Director may require.
``(4) Use of award funds.--Awards described in paragraph
(2)(A) shall be used by the recipient to--
``(A) emphasize preparing incoming K-12 teachers to
integrate artificial intelligence into their classrooms
in innovative ways; and
``(B) support research to develop, pilot, fully
implement, or test areas, such as--
``(i) instructional materials and high-
quality learning opportunities for teaching
artificial intelligence;
``(ii) models for the preparation of new
teachers who will teach artificial
intelligence;
``(iii) scalable models of professional
development and ongoing support for teachers;
and
``(iv) tools and models for teaching and
learning aimed at supporting student success
and inclusion in artificial intelligence across
diverse populations, including low-income,
rural, and Tribal populations.
``(5) Partnerships.--In making awards under this
subsection, the Director of the National Science Foundation
shall carry out the following:
``(A) Encourage applicants that, for the purpose of
the proposed activity or activities funded through such
award, include or partner with a nonprofit organization
or an institution of higher education (or a consortium
thereof) that has extensive experience and expertise in
integrating artificial intelligence into K-12
classrooms.
``(B) Encourage applicants that, for the purpose of
such proposed activity or activities, include or
partner with a consortium of schools, institutions of
higher education, school districts, or other State and
local government entities.
``(C) Encourage applicants that, for the purpose of
such proposed activity or activities, include
commitments from school principals, other school
leaders, or administrators to make a priority reforms
and activities proposed by the applicant.
``(i) Rural and Underserved Communities Artificial Intelligence
Collaborative.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation may establish a pilot program of regional cohorts in
rural and traditionally underserved areas that will provide
peer support, mentoring, and hands-on research experiences for
educators, principals, and other school leaders of students in
kindergarten through grade 12, in order to build a network
allowing educators, principals, other school leaders to carry
out the following:
``(A) Engage with one another on educational
efforts related to teaching and using artificial
intelligence.
``(B) Interact with researchers, academia, and
local industry involved in artificial intelligence.
``(2) Method.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation may carry out this subsection by making awards
through new or existing programs, including the pilot program
authorized under section 10511(a)(2)(B) of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.
19172(a)(2)(B)).''.
SEC. 644. NATIONAL STEM TEACHER CORPS.
Paragraph (6) of section 10311(c) of the Research and Development,
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18991(c)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(2) in subparagraph (G), by striking the period at the end
and inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
``(H) incorporating artificial intelligence skills
development into the National STEM Teacher Corps; and
``(I) considering whether to develop artificial
intelligence best practices for high school teachers,
developed in consultation with other educators and
academia.''.
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