[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 8462 Introduced in House (IH)]
<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 8462
To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other
purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
April 23, 2026
Mr. Weber of Texas (for himself, Mr. Babin, and Mr. Obernolte)
introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other
purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``National Quantum Initiative
Reauthorization Act''.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801)
is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7),
the first paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the
``Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications''), and
the second paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the
``Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science'') as paragraphs
(4), (8), (10), (13), (14), (16), and (17), respectively;
(2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new
paragraph:
``(3) Confucius institute.--The term `Confucius Institute'
has the meaning given such term in section 10339A of the
Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act
(division B of Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19039).'';
(3) by inserting after paragraph (4), as so redesignated,
the following new paragraphs:
``(5) Federal laboratory.--The term `Federal laboratory'
has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).
``(6) Foreign country of concern.--The term `foreign
country of concern' has the meaning given such term in section
10638 of the Research and Development, Competition, and
Innovation Act (division B of Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C.
19237).
``(7) Foreign entity of concern.--The term `foreign entity
of concern' has the meaning given such term in section 10638 of
the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act
(division B of Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19237).'';
(4) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated, by striking
``section 1001(a)'' and inserting ``section 1001'';
(5) by inserting after paragraph (8), as so redesignated,
the following new paragraph:
``(9) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory'
has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).'';
(6) by inserting after paragraph (10), as so redesignated,
the following new paragraphs:
``(11) Quantum applications.--The term `quantum
applications' means applications that use quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, including quantum
algorithms and software, quantum computing and quantum-
classical hybrids, quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum
encryption, or quantum communications applications.
``(12) Quantum computing.--The term `quantum computing'
means any of a variety of quantum computing technologies,
including quantum annealing and quantum gate-model systems that
utilize a variety of qubit architectures, such as
superconducting, ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, atomic
spin, electron spin, or topological qubits.'';
(7) by amending paragraph (13), as so redesignated, to read
as follows:
``(13) Quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.--The term `quantum information science,
engineering, and technology' means the understanding,
translation, use, or application of the laws of quantum physics
for the storage, transmission, manipulation, computing,
simulation, or measurement of information.''; and
(8) by inserting after paragraph (14), as so redesignated,
the following new paragraph:
``(15) STEM.--The term `STEM' means the academic and
professional disciplines of science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics, including computer science.''.
SEC. 3. PURPOSES.
Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8802)
is amended--
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
``science and its technology applications'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(2) in paragraph (1)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
striking ``science and technology'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(B) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
follows:
``(A) to expand the number of researchers,
educators, and students with training in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology to
develop domestic workforce pathways and retain
international talent to the extent consistent with
national security and international competitiveness;'';
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``science at
the'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology at the primary, secondary,'';
(D) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``basic'';
(E) in subparagraph (D)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon; and
(F) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraphs:
``(F) to support development of quantum
applications, including quantum-hybrid applications, to
promote innovation and commercialization; and
``(G) to support other emerging technologies that
could benefit from or benefit the development of
quantum technology and promote research, development,
demonstration, and application of such technologies in
quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.'';
(3) in paragraph (2), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(4) in paragraph (3), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(5) in paragraph (4)--
(A) by inserting ``National Laboratories,'' after
``Federal laboratories,''; and
(B) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
(6) in paragraph (5)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
(i) by inserting ``partnerships, research
collaborations, and'' after ``international'';
and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology
security'' and inserting ``science,
engineering, and technology'';
(B) in subparagraph (A)--
(i) by inserting ``, social benefit,''
after ``innovation''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period and
inserting ``; and''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraph:
``(C) to facilitate cooperative investment in
quantum capabilities between the United States and its
allies and partners to strengthen and secure the
domestic supply chain and related ecosystem; and''; and
(7) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
``(6) improving the maturity, scale, and short- and long-
term viability of the quantum technology industry, including
small and medium-sized businesses and startups representing a
diversity of quantum specialties, and commercialization of
domestic quantum capacity across modalities.''.
SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM.
Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quantum Initiative
Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by striking ``development'' and inserting
``research development, and near- and medium-term, and
long-term demonstration'';
(B) by striking ``information science and
technology''; and
(C) by inserting ``in diverse sectors'' after
``applications'';
(2) in paragraph (2)--
(A) by striking ``fundamental'';
(B) by striking ``science and technology'' and
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(C) by inserting ``infrastructure,'' after
``demonstration,'';
(3) in paragraph (3)--
(A) by striking ``science and technology'' and
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(B) by striking ``pipeline'' and inserting
``pathway'';
(4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) provide for interagency planning and coordination of
Federal quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research, development, demonstration, standards
engagement, and other activities under the Program, including
activities authorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S.
McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019
(10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum educational activities and
programs authorized pursuant to section 10661 of the Research
and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.
19261), and activities conducted at any Federal laboratory;'';
and
(5) in paragraph (5)--
(A) by striking ``industry and universities'' and
inserting ``industry, universities, nonprofit research
organizations, and strategic allies''; and
(B) by inserting ``, including human resources''
after ``resources''.
SEC. 5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE.
Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8812)
is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A) of subsection (a)(2), by inserting
``, and who shall serve a four year term, subject to renewal''
before the semicolon; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology research and workforce''; and
(ii) by inserting ``, nonprofit research
organizations,'' after ``universities'';
(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) ensure coordination among the collaborative ventures
or consortia established under this Act;'';
(C) in paragraph (6), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (7)--
(i) by inserting ``nonprofit research
organizations,'' after ``universities,''; and
(ii) by striking the period at the end and
inserting a semicolon; and
(E) by adding at the end the following new
paragraphs:
``(8) promote understanding and adoption of quantum
capabilities throughout the United States economy, as
appropriate; and
``(9) track and promote policies that will ensure stability
of the United States quantum workforce, quantum supply chain,
domestic quantum industry, and international trade.''.
SEC. 6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.
Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8813)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph
(14); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following
new paragraphs:
``(9) the Department of Health and Human Services;
``(10) the Department of State;
``(11) the Department of Homeland Security;
``(12) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
``(13) the Department of Education; and'';
(2) in subsection (d)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``the quantum
information science and technology research'' and
inserting ``quantum information science, engineering,
and technology research and quantum application
development, demonstration, and commercialization'';
(B) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``, engineering,
and technology'' after ``science'';
(C) in paragraph (5),
(i) by inserting ``, engineering, and
technology'' after ``science''; and
(ii) by inserting ``, and conduct
comparative benchmarking of Federal investments
and research strategies relative to the
investments and research strategies of the
United States' strategic partners and other
countries'' after ``development efforts'';
(D) in paragraph (6)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(E) in paragraph (7)--
(i) by inserting ``, engineering and
technology'' after ``science''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting
``; and''; and
(F) by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
``(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportunities to
advance quantum applications related to the environment,
advanced manufacturing, biotechnology, space, and other
sectors.'';
(3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting ``, including a
description of agency roles and responsibilities'' before the
period; and
(4) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(i) Quantum Use Cases.--
``(1) In general.--The Subcommittee shall identify
potential use cases with respect to which quantum computing
could advance the missions of participating agencies, including
through on-premises, cloud-based, hybrid, or networked
approaches.
``(2) Quantum on-ramp.--For each potential use case
identified pursuant to paragraph (1), the relevant Federal
agency, in consultation with the Subcommittee, may develop a
plan to enable such agency to address each such potential use
case.
``(3) Reporting.--The Subcommittee, as part of the annual
report on the budget for the Program under subsection (g),
shall report progress in carrying out the activities under this
section, including information relating to the following:
``(A) The potential use cases identified pursuant
to paragraph (1).
``(B) The status of plans developed pursuant to
paragraph (2).
``(C) Any obstacles to implementing such--
``(i) potential use cases; or
``(ii) plans.''.
SEC. 7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8814)
is amended--
(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
``(b) Qualifications.--The Advisory Committee shall consist of
members, appointed by the President, who are--
``(1) representative of industry, including end users
likely to benefit from quantum technology and small and medium-
sized businesses and startups representing a diversity of
quantum specialties, universities, nonprofit research
organizations, and Federal laboratories; and
``(2) qualified to provide advice and information on
quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research, development, demonstrations, standards, STEM
education, technology transfer, commercial application, or
national security and economic concerns.'';
(2) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), (E), (F),
and (G) as subparagraphs (E), (F), (G), and (H),
respectively;
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the
following new subparagraph:
``(D) other countries' quantum programs and the
progress of such countries and such programs relative
to the Program;'';
(D) in subparagraph (E), as so redesignated--
(i) by striking ``to'' and inserting
``promote innovation, foster a robust United
States quantum industry, and''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(E) in subparagraph (F), as so redesignated, by
inserting ``, including to address any gaps that may
exist'' before the semicolon;
(F) in subparagraph (G), as so redesignated, by
striking ``open standards for, quantum information
science and technology; and'' and inserting
``international standards in open and transparent
standardization systems for quantum information
science, engineering, and technology;'';
(G) in subparagraph (H), as so redesignated--
(i) by inserting ``educational,
environmental, health,'' after ``legal,''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting a
semicolon; and
(H) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraphs:
``(I) the domestic and international cooperation
needs and goals of the Program, including needs and
goals related to infrastructure and the supply chain of
quantum information science, engineering, and
technology; and
``(J) the degree to which quantum information
science, engineering, and technology is enhancing or
can enhance the capabilities of the United States
advanced industrial economy and protect or optimize
critical infrastructure (as such term is defined in
section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56 (42 U.S.C.
5195c(e))).'';
(3) in subsection (e), by inserting ``through December 31,
2030'' after ``thereafter''; and
(4) by amending subsection (g) to read as follows:
``(g) FACA Exemption.--The President shall charter the Advisory
Committee in accordance with chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code
(commonly referred to as the `Federal Advisory Committee Act'), except
that the Advisory Committee shall be exempt from section 1013 of such
title.''.
SEC. 8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF
QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.
Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.
8814a) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (10), by striking ``and'' after
the semicolon;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as paragraph
(14); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (10) the following
new paragraphs:
``(11) the Department of Health and Human Services;
``(12) the Department of State;
``(13) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
and'';
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``Office and Management and
Budget'' and inserting ``Office of Management
and Budget''; and
(ii) by striking ``information science''
and inserting ``information science,
engineering, and technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or to supply
chains'' before the semicolon;
(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or supply
chains'' before the semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``and
engineering'' after ``quantum information science'';
(E) in paragraph (6), by striking ``information
science'' and inserting ``information science,
engineering, and technology'';
(F) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(G) in paragraph (8), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and
(H) by adding at the end the following new
paragraphs:
``(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on Quantum
Information Science, identify opportunities to increase
coordination between civilian, military, and intelligence
quantum research entities, reduce unnecessary duplicative
quantum research activities, and facilitate collaboration
between quantum research agencies with specialized capabilities
or expertise in one or more aspects of quantum information
science, engineering, or technology; and
``(10) recommend strategies for attracting and retaining
students and scholars with expertise in quantum-related fields
to Federal departments and agencies.''.
SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.
The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by inserting after
section 105 the following new section:
``SEC. 105A. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.
``(a) Strategy Required.--Not later than one year after the date of
the enactment of this section, the Director of the Office of Science
and Technology Policy, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce,
the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the
National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the heads of other Federal
agencies, as appropriate, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a strategy to carry out
the following:
``(1) Establish collaborative international partnerships,
including co-funded international programs, to advance research
and development, testing and evaluation, commercialization, and
interoperability in quantum information science, engineering,
and technology with allies and partners of the United States,
and other countries, when in the security, strategic,
technological, and scientific interests of the United States.
``(2) Ensure continued United States participation in
bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance quantum
information science, engineering, and technology on the
international stage.
``(3) Promote the integrity and impartiality of
international standards organizations and processes related to
quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
``(4) Ensure ethical application of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology to protect civil liberties
and basic human rights.
``(b) Designation.--The strategy under subsection shall be known as
the `International Quantum Cooperation Strategy' (in this section
referred to as the `Strategy').
``(c) Elements.--In the development of the Strategy, the Director
of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Quantum
Coordination Office, the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science,
the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications, and other
appropriate Federal agencies should consider the following:
``(1) The establishment of international partnerships to
advance research and development in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Key partners that are allies of the United States and
have demonstrated unique capabilities in one or more areas of
quantum information science, engineering, or technology.
``(3) Efforts and plans to address risks to the national
security or economic interests of the United States during
development or deployment of quantum technologies worldwide,
including plans for diplomatic engagement with allies and
partners, and other countries.
``(4) Efforts and plans to promote responsible global
development and deployment of quantum technologies, including
through international engagement and leadership in the
development of international standards.
``(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and retain
international talent.
``(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufacturers and
suppliers and those of allies and partners of the United States
to satisfy the needs of the global quantum supply chain,
including raw materials such as Helium-3, plans for engagement
with allies and partners, manufacturers, and suppliers, and
options to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global
quantum supply chain.
``(7) A plan to safeguard research and technology supported
through international cooperation, as appropriate, in whole or
in part, including in quantum technologies critical to national
security, from malign influence, theft, or exfiltration by
foreign entities of concern.
``(8) As necessary, a description of such legislative or
administrative action needed to carry out the Strategy.
``(d) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which the
Strategy is completed, the Director shall brief the committees
specified in subsection (a) on the Strategy.''.
SEC. 10. SUNSET.
Subsection (a) of section 106 of the National Quantum Initiative
Act (15 U.S.C. 8815) is amended by striking ``the date that is 11 years
after the date of enactment of this Act'' and inserting ``December 30,
2032''.
SEC. 11. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND
QUANTUM CONSORTIUM.
Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``basic and applied''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by inserting ``attract, educate, and''
before ``train''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(C) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
``(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the
development and standardization of quantum cryptography, post-
quantum cryptography (as such term is defined in section 3 of
the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C.
1526 note; Public Law 117-260)), and practices to replace
cryptographic keys or algorithms with minimal disruption to
current applications and systems;''.
(D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) shall carry out research, development, and
demonstration projects, as appropriate, to facilitate the
development and standardization of quantum networking,
communications, computing, metrology, sensing technologies and
quantum applications, including supply chain enabling
technologies and other supporting technologies;''.
(E) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), and (7)
as paragraphs (8), (9), and (11), respectively;
(F) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following
new paragraphs:
``(5) shall carry out, in coordination with the Director of
the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, research to
support the measurement of comparative performance and progress
of quantum technologies, including, as practicable, technology
readiness assessments of quantum technologies;
``(6) shall promote United States participation in
international standards organizations related to quantum
information science, engineering, and technology;
``(7) shall establish or expand partnerships with the
public sector and private sector to--
``(A) accelerate the development of domestic
quantum supply chain and supply chain-supporting
technologies; and
``(B) reduce quantum supply chain
vulnerabilities;'';
(G) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated, by
striking ``infrastructure'' and inserting ``,
communications, sensing, and computing'';
(H) in paragraph (9), as so redesignated--
(i) by inserting ``nonprofit research
organizations,'' after ``universities,''; and
(ii) by striking ``and engineering; and''
and inserting ``, engineering, and technology,
and expanding the domestic STEM workforce;'';
and
(I) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following
new paragraph:
``(10) shall establish such infrastructure as is necessary
to carry out title II; and'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``future'' and inserting
``research''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
follows:
``(A) to gather and assess information on the
quantum industry to address the needs identified in
paragraph (1);'';
(ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C)
and inserting the following new subparagraphs:
``(B) to provide recommendations regarding how the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, the
Program, and other Federal agencies, as appropriate,
can address the gaps in the research necessary to
satisfy the needs identified in paragraph (1) and
accelerate real-world uses of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology;
``(C) to identify enabling technologies and the
relevant supply chain essential to foster research and
industrial competitiveness in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, and communicate
findings to Federal agencies and other domestic and
international stakeholders; and
``(D) to assess and identify key areas for
establishing, expanding, or developing international
partnerships that will facilitate United States
quantum-related business engagement.'';
(C) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by striking ``Not later than 2 years
after the date of enactment of this Act, the''
and inserting ``The''; and
(ii) by inserting ``periodically, but not
less frequently than once every five years,''
after ``shall''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
``(4) Coordination.--As appropriate, Federal agencies
specified in section 103(b) that--
``(A) are involved in the transition or translation
of practical quantum applications, or
``(B) have a mission that could benefit from the
development of quantum technologies,
may engage with the consortium to inform and accelerate
progress in such applications or technologies, as the case may
be.''; and
(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following
new subsections:
``(c) International Quantum Research and Metrology.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology, in coordination with the Secretary
of State and the Director of the National Science Foundation,
shall support international quantum information science,
engineering, and technology research, metrology research, and
standardization, as appropriate, to enhance international
cooperation, satisfy United States commitments, and support
United States engagement in international standards for quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this section, the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
shall ensure alignment with the National Quantum Information
Science Strategy and the U.S. Government National Standards
Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology, or successor
strategies.
``(3) Restrictions.--
``(A) Confucius institutes.--None of the funds made
available under this section may be obligated or
expended to an institution of higher education that
maintains a contract or agreement between such
institution and a Confucius Institute or any successor
of a Confucius Institute.
``(B) Foreign countries of concern or entities of
concern.--None of the funds made available under this
section may be obligated or expended to promote,
establish, or finance quantum research activities
between a United States entity and a foreign country of
concern or foreign entity of concern, except such
restriction shall not apply to participation by
awardees in consensus-based international
standardization activities.
``(d) Post Quantum Cryptography Deployment.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology, in consultation with the Secretary
of Homeland Security, the heads of Sector Risk Management
Agencies (as such term is defined in section 2200 of the
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650)), and private
sector entities, as appropriate, shall promote the voluntary
development, adoption, and deployment of standards relating to
post-quantum cryptography (as such term is defined in section 3
of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6
U.S.C. 1526 note; Public Law 117-260)), including by carrying
out the following:
``(A) Disseminating and making publicly available
guidance and resources to help organizations adopt and
deploy standards relating to post-quantum cryptography
and minimize disruptions to current applications and
systems caused by cryptographic updates.
``(B) Providing technical assistance, as
practicable, to entities that are at high risk of
quantum cryptoanalytic attacks, such as entities
determined to be critical infrastructure (as such term
is defined in section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56 (42
U.S.C. 5195c(e))) or digital infrastructure providers.
``(C) Conducting such other activities as
determined necessary by the Director to promote the
development, adoption, and deployment across the United
States of standards relating to post-quantum
cryptography.
``(2) Grant program.--
``(A) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology may establish a program to
identify and provide technical assistance through the
award of grants to entities that are at high risk of
quantum cryptoanalytic attacks, including by awarding
grants for the adoption of such standards and the
remediation of quantum-related vulnerabilities.
``(B) Use of funds.--Grants awarded to entities
under this paragraph may be used to cover reasonable
costs, up to a specified amount established by the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, for activities to adopt standards relating
to post-quantum cryptography and remediate quantum-
related vulnerabilities.
``(C) Guidance.--The Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology may develop, and
periodically update, guidance, including relating to
eligibility, application disclosure requirements, grant
amount and duration, and any additional requirements
regarding the award of grants under this paragraph.
``(D) Consultation.--If the grant program described
in this paragraph is established, the Director of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology shall
consult with the Director of the Cybersecurity and
Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of
Homeland Security, the heads of other Sector Risk
Management Agencies, and appropriate representatives of
private sector entities, including nonprofit
organizations, to share information regarding such
grant program and guidance developed and updated under
subparagraph (C).''.
SEC. 12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM
ACCELERATION CENTERS.
Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by
adding at the end the following new sections:
``SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM
ACCELERATION CENTERS.
``(a) Establishment.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, in consultation with the heads of
other Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall
carry out a program to establish at least one, but not more
than three, centers to accelerate research, development,
deployment, and standardization of quantum information science,
engineering, and technology.
``(2) Program details.--
``(A) Competitive, merit-reviewed process.--The
centers described in paragraph (1) shall be established
through a competitive, merit-reviewed process.
``(B) Applications.--An eligible applicant
described in subparagraph (C) shall submit to the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology an application at such time, in such manner,
and containing such information as the Director
determines to be appropriate.
``(C) Eligible applicants.--Eligible applicants
described in this subparagraph are the following:
``(i) Institutions of higher education.
``(ii) Nonprofit organizations.
``(iii) Multi-institutions collaborations,
including multiple types of research
institutions, private sector entities, Federal
laboratories, and nonprofit organizations, or a
consortia thereof.
``(iv) Any other entity the Director
determines appropriate.
``(3) Selection of topics.--The Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology shall solicit proposals
and prioritize the following topics in the initial selection of
centers, subject to merit-review:
``(A) Quantum sensing and measurement technologies.
``(B) Advancing the manufacturing and scale-up of
quantum systems and quantum enabling technologies.
``(C) Address technology barriers to quantum
networking and communications.
``(D) Quantum engineering.
``(b) Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, centers
established under this section shall serve the mission of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, for the benefit of the broader
United States quantum information science community, to develop
processes for the following purposes:
``(1) Advancing research and standardization in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Advancing technology development.
``(3) Improving the competitiveness of the United States.
``(c) Coordination.--The Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology shall ensure coordination, and avoid
unnecessary duplication of, the activities carried out under this
section with existing activities of the Institute, other activities
carried out under this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate.
``(d) Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--The centers established under this
section are authorized to carry out activities for a period of
five years.
``(2) Renewal.--Each center established under this section
may be renewed for additional periods of five years following a
successful merit-based review by the Director.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Director of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology may
terminate an underperforming center for cause during the
performance period.
``SEC. 203. RESEARCH SECURITY.
``The activities authorized under title II shall be applied in a
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.
SEC. 13. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES.
Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841)
is amended--
(1) in the heading, by inserting ``, engineering, and
technology'' after ``science'';
(2) in subsection (a)--
(A) by striking ``basic''; and
(B) by striking ``science and engineering'' and
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology'';
(3) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (A)--
(I) by striking ``basic''; and
(II) by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science,
engineering, and technology''; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B)--
(I) by striking ``human resources''
and inserting ``education and
workforce''; and
(II) by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science,
engineering, and technology''; and
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A)--
(I) in clause (i)--
(aa) by striking ``science
and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(bb) by inserting ``K-12,
vocational,'' before
``undergraduate''; and
(cc) by striking ``and''
after the semicolon;
(II) in clause (ii), by inserting
``and'' after the semicolon; and
(III) by adding at the end the
following new clause:
``(iii) to pursue research at the frontiers
of quantum information science, engineering,
and technology, and explore solutions to
important challenges for the development,
application, and commercialization of quantum
technologies;'';
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
``science and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking
``science and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(iv) in subparagraph (D), by striking
``and'' after the semicolon;
(v) in subparagraph (E), by striking the
period and inserting ``; and''; and
(vi) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraph:
``(F) providing infrastructure to support academic
quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, including through existing infrastructure
programs and new activities.'';
(4) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
``(c) Student Traineeships, Fellowships, and Other Models.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies the
Director considers appropriate, shall make awards to
institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit
organizations (or consortia thereof) to increase capacity and
broaden participation, including through provisioning of
experiential opportunities, where appropriate, in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology and other
related disciplines.
``(2) Quantum traineeships.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation may establish or use existing programs to
make awards to institutions of higher education or nonprofit
organizations (or consortia thereof) to provide traineeships to
graduate students at institutions of higher education within
the United States who are citizens of the United States and who
choose or plan to pursue masters or doctoral degrees in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology, or related
fields, and by providing students with opportunities for
research experiences in government or industry related to such
students' quantum studies.
``(3) Quantum fellowships and scholarships.--
``(A) In general.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation may establish or use existing
programs to support fellowships and scholarships for
students at institutions of higher education for the
purpose of increasing quantum information science,
engineering, and technology exposure for undergraduate
and graduate STEM students and increasing post-
graduation employment opportunities for STEM students.
``(B) Requirements.--Eligible participants in the
fellowship and scholarship program shall--
``(i) be enrolled in or have graduated from
a STEM degree program at a domestic institution
of higher education; and
``(ii) have taken at least one quantum-
science or quantum-relevant course as part of
their degree programs.
``(C) Considerations.--Eligible fellowships and
scholarships may include temporary quantum-related
positions at Federal or State agencies, National
Laboratories, private sector entities, institutions of
higher education, the quantum centers and institute
established in sections 202, 302, 402, and 502, or
other quantum-relevant entities, as determined
appropriate by the Director.
``(D) Competitive awards.--Fellowships and
scholarships shall be competitively awarded through a
merit-review process. The Director of the National
Science Foundation may prioritize fellowships that
include an industry partner that provides financial
assistance to the applicant for direct or indirect
costs.
``(4) Quantum research experiences for undergraduates.--The
Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to
increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate
students by encouraging proposals in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, through the research
experiences for undergraduates pursuant to section 514 of the
America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-
6).
``(5) Co-operative education programs.--The Director of the
National Science Foundation may establish or use existing
programs to support cooperative education programs between
institutions of higher education and employers that increase
opportunities for undergraduate students to acquire
experiential learning and professional experiences in quantum
information sciences, engineering, and technology.
``(6) Partnerships.--In carrying out the activities under
this subsection, the Director of the National Science
Foundation shall encourage awardees to partner with relevant
Federal agencies, Federal laboratories, industry and other
private sector organizations, and nonprofit organizations to
facilitate the expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on
learning experiences.'';
(5) in subsection (d)--
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``QISE''
and inserting ``QISET'';
(B) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``information science and
engineering (referred to in this subsection as
`QISE')'' and inserting ``information science,
engineering, and technology (referred to in
this subsection as QISET)''; and
(ii) by inserting ``and career and
technical education entities'' after
``colleges'';
(C) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking
``QISE'' and inserting ``quantum information
science, engineering, and technology'';
(ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``,
engineering, and technology'' after
``science'';
(iii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``,
including materials relevant to emerging
technologies'' before the period;
(iv) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and
(F) as subparagraphs (F) and (H), respectively;
(v) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the
following new subparagraph:
``(E) Informal education methods to enhance
experiences of students of all ages with quantum
information science, engineering, and technology
concepts and applications.'';
(vi) by inserting after subparagraph (F),
as so redesignated, the following new
subparagraph:
``(G) Methods to introduce into STEM curricula
security and other potential societal dimensions
associated with quantum information science,
engineering, and technology.''; and
(vii) in subparagraph (H), as so
redesignated, by inserting ``, engineering, and
technology'' after ``science'';
(D) in paragraph (3), by striking ``QISE'' and
inserting ``quantum information science, engineering,
and technology''; and
(E) by striking paragraph (4); and
(6) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
``(e) Quantum Research Experiences for Teachers.--The Director of
the National Science Foundation shall seek to increase opportunities to
engage educators, principals, or other school leaders of K-12 students
in professional learning opportunities to enhance quantum information
science, engineering, and technology knowledge, including by carrying
out the following:
``(1) Providing hands-on training and research
opportunities at Federal Laboratories, institutions of higher
education, or in industry for such educators, principals, or
other school leaders.
``(2) Developing best practices.
``(f) Expanding Capacity in Quantum Information Science,
Engineering, and Technology (QISET).--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, in consultation with the heads of Federal agencies
the Director considers appropriate, shall make awards on a
competitive, merit-reviewed basis to eligible institutions of
higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations (or
consortia thereof) to increase research capacity, education and
infrastructure capacity, and broaden participation in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology and related
disciplines, including by carrying out the following:
``(A) Supporting curriculum development in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology as
described in subsection (d).
``(B) Building upon the activities carried out
under the Next Generation Quantum Leaders Pilot Program
authorized under section 10661(f) of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public
Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19261(f)).
``(C) Leveraging the readiness for the involvement
of local research and education communities to secure
talent pathways in quantum information science,
engineering, and technology to satisfy the workforce
needs of industry, government, and academia.
``(2) Collaborations.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall--
``(A) require eligible institutions of higher
educations or eligible nonprofit organizations to
describe how such an institute or organization, as the
case may be, plans to partner with one or more relevant
private sector entities; and
``(B) may require such an institute or
organization, as the case may be, to provide a letter
of support from any such entities.
``(3) Requirements.--To receive an award under this
subsection, an eligible institution of higher education or
eligible nonprofit organization, as the case may be, shall
submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an
application that includes the following:
``(A) A plan to sustain proposed activities beyond
the duration of the award.
``(B) Proposed quantum information science,
engineering, and technology disciplines or focus areas
such eligible institution or organization, as the case
may be, is prepared to engage in to significantly build
up its quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research and education capacity.
``(C) A plan for education and workforce
development, which may include K-12 and post-secondary
education programs and activities, workforce training
and career and technical education programs and
activities, undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral
education, and informal education programs and
activities.
``(4) Activities.--Awards under this subsection to support
research and related activities may include the activities
relating to the following:
``(A) Development or expansion of research programs
in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph
(4)(B).
``(B) Faculty recruitment and professional
development in such disciplines and focus areas.
``(C) To build research capacity and infrastructure
at an eligible institution in such disciplines and
focus areas.
``(D) An assessment of capacity-building and
research infrastructure needs identified in such
paragraph.
``(E) Bridge programs focused on preparing post-
baccalaureate students for graduate programs in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(F) Administrative research development support.
``(G) Other activities necessary to build research
capacity in quantum information science, engineering,
and technology.
``(5) Additional considerations.--In making awards under
this subsection, the Director of the National Science
Foundation may also consider the following:
``(A) The extent to which the eligible institution
of higher education or eligible nonprofit organization,
as the case may be, will support students from diverse
backgrounds, including first-generation undergraduate
students.
``(B) The geographic and institutional diversity of
eligible institutions of higher education and eligible
nonprofit organizations.
``(C) How the eligible institution of higher
education or eligible nonprofit organization, as the
case may be, can leverage public-private partnerships
and existing research partnerships with Federal
agencies.
``(6) Duplication.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall ensure awards made under this subsection are
complementary to and not duplicative of existing programs.
``(7) Eligible institution of higher education defined.--In
this subsection, the term `eligible institution of higher
education' means an institution of higher education, that,
according to the data published by the National Center for
Science and Engineering Statistics, is not, on average, among
the top 100 institutions in Federal research and development
expenditures during the 3- year period prior to the year of the
award.
``(g) Faculty Mid-career Development Awards.--The Director of the
National Science Foundation may provide awards to support mid-career
scientists and faculty to upgrade, develop, or acquire essential
research instruments to start new research activities, or expand
existing activities, focused on quantum information science,
engineering and technology.
``(h) International Research on Quantum Information Science,
Engineering, and Technology.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the
Secretary of Commerce, shall support international quantum
information science, engineering, and technology research
collaboration, as appropriate, to enhance international
cooperation and satisfy United States commitments, including
pursuant to bilateral or multilateral quantum information
science, engineering, and technology research agreements.
``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this subsection, the
Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure
alignment with the strategy for national quantum information
science in accordance with Executive Order 14073 (87 Fed. Reg.
27909; relating to enhancing the National Quantum Advisory
Committee) or successor strategies.
``(3) Priority.--The Director shall prioritize research
programs with countries that have signed a Quantum Cooperation
Statement with the United States.
``(4) Restriction.--None of the funds made available under
this section may be obligated or expended to an institution of
higher education that maintains a contract or agreement between
such institution and a Confucius Institute or any successor of
a Confucius Institute.
``(i) Upgrading and Improving Access to Quantum Research
Resources.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out the activities described
in this section, the Director of the National Science
Foundation, in consultation with the heads of other Federal
departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall make awards to
institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit
organizations (or consortia thereof) to upgrade research
facilities and improve access to research resources, such as
equipment and instrumentation, that is needed for research and
development in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(2) Purpose.--Grants under paragraph (1) shall be used to
facilitate quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research and development, including by carrying out
the following:
``(A) Upgrading or adding research resources to
accelerate the development of quantum technologies,
including capabilities focused on addressing the
roadblocks to implementation, and satisfy the
materials, advanced materials development, high
performance computing, heterogeneous computing,
networking, software, data, clean room, and device
needs of the scientific community and the quantum
supply chain.
``(B) Enhancing access to equipment and
instrumentation, including at partnering institutions,
by facilitating information sharing, coordination,
scheduling, education, and training, including
activities that provide meaningful hands-on learning
experiences for students, including at community and
technical colleges.
``(C) Enabling professional staff to support the
operation and improvement of research resources used
for quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(3) Requirements.--An institution of higher education or
an eligible nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof)
and industry partners seeking funding under this subsection
shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation
an application at such time, in such manner, and containing
such information as the Director may require.''.
SEC. 14. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.
Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8842)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ``5'' and inserting
``10'';
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
striking ``basic'';
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and
engineering'' and inserting ``, engineering, and
technology, including leveraging or expanding
activities established pursuant to section 301(d)'';
(3) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``quantum
information science, engineering, and technology''
after ``quantum science'';
(B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``health,''
after ``chemistry,'';
(C) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``, including
how each institution of higher education or an eligible
nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof), as
the case may be, that is applying for a grant under
this section will develop and implement outreach
activities to increase the participation of students in
STEM, including women and individuals from
underrepresented groups (in accordance with section
526(a)(7) of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act
of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-14(a)(7)))'' before the
semicolon;
(D) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' after
the semicolon;
(E) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and
inserting ``; and''; and
(F) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraph:
``(F) how the Center will participate in
international collaborations, as appropriate, to build
a trusted global research network with allies and
partners of the United States and other countries that
share values with the United States, including respect
for international norms and a commitment to fair
competition.'';
(4) in paragraph (2) of subsection (e), by striking ``on a
competitive'' and inserting ``following a successful''.
(5) in subsection (f), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
and inserting ``2026''.
SEC. 15. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORKFORCE (QREW)
COORDINATION HUB.
Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841 et
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new sections:
``SEC. 303. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORKFORCE (QREW)
COORDINATION HUB.
``(a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation,
in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of
other relevant Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall
make an award to a consortium led by an institution of higher education
or an eligible nonprofit organization to establish a Quantum
Reskilling, Education, and Workforce Coordination Hub (in this section
referred to as the `Hub').
``(b) Consortium.--The Hub established pursuant to subsection (a)
shall include not fewer than four institutions of higher education,
including not fewer than two community colleges, and may include career
and technical schools, nonprofit organizations, and private sector
entities.
``(c) Purpose.--The purpose of this Hub shall be the following:
``(1) To identify and address cross-cutting workforce
development challenges in quantum information science,
engineering, and technology, and the quantum industry, by
serving as a national and regional clearinghouse.
``(2) To facilitate the establishment of programs to
disseminate to institutions of higher education and career and
technical education entities model curricula, best practices,
and instructional materials.
``(d) Activities.--The activities of the Hub may include the
following:
``(1) Testing, implementing, scaling, disseminating, and
standardizing materials, methods, best practices, and other
outputs developed through activities under this Act.
``(2) Increasing the integration of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology content into STEM
curricula at all education levels, including career and
technical education programs.
``(3) Providing opportunities for STEM degree students to
provide feedback on quantum information science, engineering,
and technology curricula.
``(4) Facilitating post-education employment opportunities
and workforce pathways for STEM degree recipients in quantum-
related industries, including by facilitating opportunities for
internships, externships, fellowships, and other such
activities as determined by the Director, including through the
establishment of a publicly accessible online portal.
``(5) Coordinating with quantum industry and nonprofit
entities and small and medium-sized businesses and startups to
inform and enhance the quality and availability of quantum
education in STEM degree programs, including through the
promotion of post-graduation opportunities for STEM students
outside the classroom to increase exposure to quantum
industries.
``(6) Supporting activities and programs to enhance the
recruitment of students in STEM, including women and
individuals from underrepresented groups (in accordance with
section 526(a)(7) of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act
of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-14(a)(7))), to pursue undergraduate
and graduate studies in quantum information science,
engineering, or technology.
``(7) Developing, testing, implementing, and coordinating
career development programs and strategies for pre-university
and university educators for the purpose of increasing the
number of quantum-informed educators at all levels of
education, including by carrying out the following:
``(A) Hosting career development workshops.
``(B) Developing in-house and distance learning
career development tools for public use.
``(C) Facilitating access to related quantum
technology, tools, and resources.
``(D) Developing training, research, and
professional development programs, including innovative
pre-service and in-service programs.
``(E) Facilitating relationships with State and
local entities to increase awareness of and promote
quantum-related career development activities at the
Hub.
``(8) Establishing a framework for performing ongoing
regular data collection and analysis for the quantum workforce
to report on trends, and perform other activities that expand
the understanding of the current and future needs of the
quantum industry, and education capacity or readiness of the
quantum workforce. Such activities shall complement or align
with, as relevant, authorized quantum and STEM workforce
studies under section 10661(d) of the Research and Development,
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261(d)).
``(9) Facilitating public education and outreach activities
to enhance the understanding and awareness of quantum
information science, engineering, and technology to a boarder
community to satisfy broader impact requirements of award
applications.
``(10) Encouraging coordination on quantum education in the
broader STEM community.
``(e) QREW Quantum Fellowship Program.--Subject to the restriction
specified in subsection (h)(4) of section 301, the Hub may support
education or policy fellowships for students at entities participating
in the consortium under subsection (a) or at other research centers
established pursuant to this Act at the National Science Foundation,
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Department of
Energy, or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, for the
purpose of supporting the activities described in subsection (d).
``(f) Industry Coordination.--The Hub shall collaborate with the
Quantum Consortium established in section 201(b) or other industry
consortia to identify, publish, facilitate, or enable quantum-related
education and workforce development opportunities described in
subsections (c) and (d).
``(g) Application.--A consortium seeking funding under this section
shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an
application at such time, in such manner, and containing such
information as the Director may require. Each application shall include
a description of how the consortium shall carry out the following:
``(1) Contribute to the success of the Hub and fulfill the
purposes of the Hub.
``(2) Include industry participation in fulfilling the
purposes of the Hub.
``(3) Collaborate with other members of the consortium to
share expertise in integrating quantum information science,
engineering, and technology into existing STEM programs and
other relevant fields and disciplines.
``(4) Support long-term and short-term workforce
development in the quantum field.
``(5) Develop and implement outreach activities to increase
the participation of students in STEM, including women and
individuals from underrepresented groups (in accordance with
section 526(a)(7) of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act
of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-14(a)(7))).
``(h) Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--The Hub established under this section
is authorized to carry out activities for a period of 5 years.
``(2) Reapplication.--An awardee may reapply for an
additional, subsequent period of 5 years following a
successful, merit-based review.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the
National Science Foundation, the Director of the National
Science Foundation may terminate the Hub if it is
underperforming during the performance period.
``(i) Coordination.--The Hub shall coordinate with other research
centers established under this Act at the National Science Foundation,
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Department of
Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other
relevant Federal agencies, as appropriate, on activities and resources.
``SEC. 304. QUANTUM TESTBEDS.
``(a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of the
enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act, the
Director of the National Science Foundation, in coordination with the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the
Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other Federal agencies, as
determined appropriate by the Director of the National Science
Foundation, shall make awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis to
institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, federally
funded research and development centers, or consortia thereof, to
establish not more than five testbeds for quantum applications research
and development.
``(b) Purposes.--The quantum testbeds established under subsection
(a) shall focus on advancing research and development for near-term and
medium-term quantum application use cases by providing accessible
research resources to academia and industry for developing and testing
such use cases, including through proof-of-concept testing,
demonstrations, pilot projects, and prototyping.
``(c) Application Proposals.--An applicant for an award under this
section shall submit to the Director a proposal at such time, in such
manner, and containing such information as the Director may reasonably
require. The proposal shall, at a minimum, describe the following:
``(1) How the applicant will assemble a workforce,
including women and individuals from underrepresented groups
(in accordance with section 526(a)(7) of the America COMPETES
Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-14(a)(7))), with
the skills needed to operate a quantum testbed.
``(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access to a
quantum testbed, including for start-ups and small businesses.
``(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after Federal
funding has ended.
``(d) Prioritization.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall prioritize the following:
``(1) Applicants that ensure not less than 25 percent of
the cost for a testbed awarded under this section is provided
by private or non-Federal entities, including in-kind
contributions.
``(2) Awards for consortia that include quantum industry
participation.
``(e) Roles and Responsibilities.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation shall be responsible for the following:
``(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes from each
quantum testbed established under this section.
``(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to enable
opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to be appropriately
taken up by such agencies in alignment with the missions of
such agencies.
``(3) Not later than one year after the date of the
enactment of this section and every two years thereafter until
December 31, 2032, briefing the appropriate committees of
Congress on the status of such quantum testbeds and providing
recommendations for improving such quantum testbeds.
``(f) Coordination.--In establishing quantum testbeds under this
section, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure
coordination with other testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting
Federal quantum technology and infrastructure supported by the National
Science Foundation, including testbeds authorized pursuant to section
10390 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act
(Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19110), or by other Federal agencies as
determined appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplication and
maximize use of Federal resources.
``(g) Stakeholder Collaboration.--In carrying out this section, the
Director of the National Science Foundation shall collaborate with the
Quantum Consortium established pursuant to section 201(b) to accomplish
the purposes of the quantum testbeds program described in subsection
(b) and ensure there is strong collaboration with industry
stakeholders. The Director may also engage with National Laboratories,
federally funded research and development centers, industry, and other
members of the United States quantum ecosystem.
``(h) Geographic Diversity.--The Director shall ensure regional and
geographic diversity in issuing awards under this section.
``SEC. 305. RESEARCH SECURITY.
``The activities authorized under title III shall be applied in a
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.
SEC. 16. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH
PROGRAM.
Section 401 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ``basic research program
on quantum information science'' and inserting ``research,
development, and demonstration program on quantum information
science, engineering, and technology'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, engineering,
and technology'' after ``science'';
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), and (5)
as paragraphs (5), (6), and (7), respectively;
(C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following
new paragraphs:
``(3) operate National Quantum Information Science Research
Centers to accelerate and scale up scientific and technical
breakthroughs in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, and maintain state-of-the-art infrastructure for
quantum researchers and industry partners, in accordance with
section 402;
``(4) conduct cooperative research with industry, National
Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other
research institutions to facilitate the development and
demonstration of quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, including in the fields of--
``(A) quantum information theory;
``(B) quantum physics;
``(C) quantum computational science, including
hardware and software, including artificial
intelligence, machine learning and data science;
``(D) quantum data storage, including hardware and
software for energy efficient data centers;
``(E) applied mathematics and algorithm
development;
``(F) quantum communications and networking,
including hardware and software for quantum
communications and networking;
``(G) quantum sensing and detection;
``(H) materials science and engineering;
``(I) quantum modeling and simulation, including
molecular modeling;
``(J) near- and long-term application development
in a range of areas as determined by the Secretary,
such as materials discovery, advanced manufacturing,
cybersecurity, energy efficiency and energy
technologies, energy storage and electric grid
management;
``(K) quantum chemistry and chemical sciences;
``(L) quantum biology; and
``(M) quantum security technologies;'';
(D) by amending paragraph (5), as so redesignated,
to read as follows:
``(5) provide research experiences and training for
additional undergraduate and graduate students in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology, including in
the fields specified in paragraph (4);'';
(E) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated--
(i) in subparagraph (E), by striking
``and'' after the semicolon;
(ii) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as
subparagraph (J); and
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph (E)
the following new subparagraphs:
``(F) the Office of Electricity;
``(G) the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security,
and Emergency Response;
``(H) the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon
Management;
``(I) the Office of Technology Transitions; and'';
(F) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by
striking the period and inserting ``and other relevant
efforts as defined by the Secretary of Energy; and'';
and
(G) by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
``(8) leverage the collective body of knowledge and data,
including experience and resources from existing Federal
research activities and commercially-available quantum
computing hardware and software to the extent practicable.'';
and
(3) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
``(c) Quantum High Performance Computing Strategic Plan.--Not later
than one year after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the
Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress a report containing a 10-
year strategic plan to guide Federal programs in designing, expanding,
commercializing, and procuring hybrid, high performance computing
systems featuring the ability to integrate a diverse set of resources,
including artificial intelligence and machine learning, accelerated by
quantum supercomputers to enable the Department of Energy's computing
facilities to continuously advance computing resources. Such strategic
plan shall include the following:
``(1) A plan to leverage capabilities and infrastructure
from the exascale computing program, as the Secretary
determines necessary.
``(2) A plan to minimize disruptions to the advanced
scientific computing workforce.
``(3) A consideration of a diversity of quantum computing
modalities.
``(4) A plan to integrate cloud access of commercially
available quantum hardware and software to complement on-
premises high performance computing systems and resources
consistent with the QUEST program under section 404.
``(5) A description of how the Secretary will implement the
plan developed under this section.
``(d) Industry Outreach.--In carrying out the program under
subsection (a) the Secretary of Energy shall engage with the quantum
technology industry and promote commercialization of applications of
quantum technology relevant to the Department of Energy's activities by
carrying out the following:
``(1) Educating the following:
``(A) The energy industry on near term and
commercially available quantum technologies.
``(B) The quantum industry on potential energy
applications.
``(2) Accelerating the advancements of United States
quantum computing, communications, networking, sensing, and
security capabilities to protect and optimize the energy
sector.
``(3) Advancing relevant domestic supply chains,
manufacturing capabilities, and associated simulations or
modeling capabilities.
``(4) Facilitating commercialization of quantum
technologies from National Laboratories and engaging with the
Quantum Consortium established pursuant to section 201(b) and
other organizations, as applicable, to transition component
technologies to help facilitate, as appropriate, the
development of a quantum supply chain.
``(5) Where appropriate, promoting participation by small
and medium-sized businesses and startups.''.
SEC. 17. DOE QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY PROGRAM.
Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 401 the following new
section:
``SEC. 401A. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY
PROGRAM.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall establish a
quantum instrumentation and infrastructure foundry program to carry out
the following:
``(1) Maintain United States leadership in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Develop domestic quantum supply chains.
``(3) Provide resources for the broader scientific
community.
``(4) Support activities carried out under sections 401,
403, and 404.
``(b) Program Components.--In carrying out the program under
subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall design, build, develop,
purchase, and commercialize specialized equipment, laboratory
infrastructure, and state-of-the-art instrumentation to advance quantum
engineering research and the development of quantum component
technologies at a scale sufficient to satisfy the needs of the
scientific community and enable commercialization of quantum
technology.
``(c) Quantum Foundries.--In carrying out the program under
subsection (a), and in coordination partnership with institutions of
higher education and industry, the Secretary of Energy shall support
the development of quantum foundries focused on satisfying the device,
hardware, software, and materials needs of the scientific community and
the quantum supply chain.''.
SEC. 18. NATIONAL QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTERS.
Section 402 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8852)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``basic'';
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology, to expand capacity for the domestic
quantum workforce,''; and
(iii) by striking ``section 401'' and
inserting ``sections 401, 403, and 404''; and
(B) in paragraph (2)(C), by inserting ``that may
include one or more commercial entities'' after
``collaborations'';
(2) in subsection (b), by inserting ``, and should be
inclusive of the variety of viable quantum technologies, where
appropriate'' before the period;
(3) in subsection (c),
(A) by striking ``basic''; and
(B) by inserting ``, engineering, and technology,
accelerating quantum workforce development,'' after
``science'';
(4) in subsection (d)(1)--
(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' after
the semicolon;
(B) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as
subparagraph (E); and
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the
following new subparagraph:
``(D) the Office of Technology Transitions; and'';
(5) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph (2) to read as
follows:
``(2) Renewal.--Each Center under this section may be
renewed for an additional period of 5 years following a
successful, merit-based review and approval by the Director.'';
and
(6) by striking subsection (f).
SEC. 19. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
Section 403 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8853)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by inserting ``, including'' after
``networking''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new
paragraphs:
``(6) where applicable, leverage a diversity of modalities
and commercially-available quantum hardware and software; and
``(7) develop education and training pathways related to
quantum network infrastructure investments, aligned with
existing programmatic investments by the Department of
Energy.''; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and
(D) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively;
and
(ii) by inserting after subparagraph (B)
the following new subparagraph:
``(C) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration;'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting
``ground-to-space and'' after ``channels,'';
(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking
``photon-based'' and inserting ``all applicable
modalities of'';
(iii) in subparagraph (F)--
(I) by striking ``large scale'' and
inserting ``large-scale''; and
(II) by inserting ``, quantum
sensors,'' after ``quantum repeaters'';
(iv) in subparagraph (G)--
(I) by inserting ``data centers,
quantum sensors'' after ``repeaters,'';
and
(II) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(v) in subparagraph (H)--
(I) by striking ``the quantum
technology stack'' and inserting
``quantum technology modality stacks'';
and
(II) by striking ``National
Laboratories in'' and inserting
``National Laboratories such as''; and
(vi) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraphs:
``(I) development of quantum network and
entanglement distribution protocols or applications,
including development of network stack protocols and
protocols enabling integration with existing
technologies or infrastructure; and
``(J) development of high efficiency room-
temperature photon detectors for quantum photonic
applications, including quantum networking and
communications;'';
(C) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by striking ``basic''; and
(ii) by striking ``material'' and inserting
``materials''; and
(D) in paragraph (5), by striking ``fundamental'';
(3) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``, including
small and medium-sized businesses and startups'' before
the semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' at the
end;
(C) by redesignating paragraph (8) as (9); and
(D) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following
new paragraph:
``(8) nonprofit organizations; and''; and
(4) in subsection (d), by striking ``basic research'' and
inserting ``research, development, and demonstration''.
SEC. 20. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.
Section 404 of the of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15
U.S.C. 8854) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
striking ``and quantum computing clouds'' and inserting
``, software, and cloud-based quantum computers'';
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(C) in paragraph (4), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following new
paragraphs:
``(5) to enable development of software and applications,
including estimation of resources needed to scale applications;
and
``(6) to develop near-term quantum applications to solve
public and private sector problems.'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by at the end the following new paragraphs:
``(6) enable users to develop algorithms, software tools,
simulators, and applications for quantum systems using cloud-
based quantum computers; and
``(7) partner with appropriate public and private sector
entities to develop training and education opportunities on
prototype and early-state devices.''; and
(3) in subsection (c)--
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7),
and (8) as paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (8), and (10),
respectively;
(B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following
new paragraph:
``(4) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration;'';
(C) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by
inserting ``, including small- and medium-sized
businesses and startups'' before the semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated, by
striking ``and'' after the semicolon; and
(E) by inserting after paragraph (8), as so
redesignated the following new paragraph:
``(9) nonprofit organizations; and''.
SEC. 21. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE TO ENHANCE THE RESILIENCE,
SECURITY, AND EFFICIENCY OF THE ELECTRIC GRID.
Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``SEC. 405. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE TO ENHANCE THE RESILIENCE AND
SECURITY OF THE ELECTRIC GRID.
``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this
section as the `Secretary') shall conduct research, development, and
demonstration activities focused on the use of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, including through quantum
applications and quantum computing, to enhance the resilience,
security, and efficiency of the electric grid in the United States.
``(b) Research Areas.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
Secretary may conduct research in the following areas:
``(1) Fault detection and prediction.
``(2) Grid security and safety, including through post-
quantum cryptography.
``(3) Integrated grid planning.
``(4) Grid optimization.
``(5) Enhanced modeling.
``(6) Energy storage.
``(7) Energy market optimization.
``(8) Any other area in which, in the determination of the
Secretary, quantum information science, engineering, and
technology can enhance the resilience, security, and efficiency
of the electric grid in the United States.
``(c) Cooperation.--To the extent practicable, the Secretary shall
conduct research, development, and demonstration activities under
subsection (a) in cooperation, including through partnerships, as the
Secretary determines appropriate, with members of relevant industries,
National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, nonprofit
organizations, and other relevant institutions, including research
institutions, as determined by the Secretary.''.
SEC. 22. RESEARCH SECURITY.
Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et
seq.), as amended by section 21, is further amended by adding at the
end the following new section:
``SEC. 406. RESEARCH SECURITY.
``The activities authorized under this title shall be applied in a
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.
SEC. 23. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
ACTIVITIES.
The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by adding at the end
the following new title:
``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
ACTIVITIES
``SEC. 501. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH FOR SPACE AND AERONAUTICS.
``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration is authorized to carry out the following:
``(1) Carry out research on quantum information science,
engineering, and technology.
``(2) Designate an individual responsible for coordinating
quantum activities across the agency.
``(b) Cooperation.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration--
``(1) shall consider cooperative arrangements with the
Department of Energy and other Federal departments and
agencies, as practicable, on areas of shared benefit; and
``(2) may enter into memoranda of understanding or
memoranda of agreement to establish such cooperative
arrangements.
``(c) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this title, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration shall submit to the appropriate committees of
Congress a strategy for National Aeronautics and Space Administration
research on quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
The strategy shall--
``(1) identify priority areas of quantum science,
engineering, and technologies, such as quantum sensing, that
have the highest potential to transform and improve NASA's
missions, research, and development activities;
``(2) identify opportunities for novel ways to investigate
and explore the solar system and the universe;
``(3) identify resources required to support implementation
of the strategy, including budgets, workforce, and
infrastructure; and
``(4) describe cooperative efforts with other Federal
departments and agencies, and address areas of research and
applications, including--
``(A) quantum sensing;
``(B) quantum networking;
``(C) quantum communications, including quantum
satellite communications;
``(D) quantum computing; and
``(E) science, aeronautics, and exploration-related
applications.
``(d) Consultation.--In developing the strategy described in
subsection (c), the Administrator may seek input from relevant external
stakeholders, including institutions of higher education, industry, and
nonprofit research organizations.
``SEC. 502. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
INSTITUTE.
``(a) In General.--Subject to the availability of appropriations,
the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
in consultation with the heads of other Federal departments and
agencies, as appropriate, may carry out a program to establish an
institute focused on space and aeronautics applications of quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(b) Institute Details.--
``(1) Competitive, merit-reviewed process.--If the
institute under this section is established, the institute
shall be so established through a competitive, merit-reviewed
process.
``(2) Applications.--An eligible applicant under this
section shall submit to the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration an application at such
time, in such manner, and containing such information as the
Administrator determines to be appropriate.
``(3) Eligible applicants.--When administering the process
described in paragraph (1), the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration shall consider
applications from institutions of higher education, research
centers, multi-institutional collaborations, and any other
entity that the Administrator determines appropriate.
``(4) Collaborations.--A collaboration that receives an
award under this section may include multiple types of research
institutions, private sector entities, and nonprofit
organizations.
``(5) Coordination.--The Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration shall ensure an awardee
under this section coordinates the activities carried out under
this section with the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, and avoids unnecessary duplication of existing
activities of the Administration, other activities carried out
under this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate.
``(6) Commercial technology.--The institute under this
section may leverage commercially-available hardware and
software to carry out the activities described in subsection
(c).
``(c) Institute Activities.--The institute under this section may
carry out activities that--
``(1) support research focused on developing space and
aeronautics applications for quantum information science,
engineering, and technology, including as related to the
results of the strategy under section 501(c); and
``(2) support quantum information science, engineering, and
technology education and public outreach.
``(d) Institute Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable,
the institute under this section shall serve the needs of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration for the benefit of the broader
United States quantum information science community, to establish
processes for the purpose of advancing space and aeronautics
applications in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, and improving the competitiveness of the United States.
``(e) Institute Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the institute under this section may carry out
activities for a period of 5 years.
``(2) Reapplication.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, an awardee may reapply for an additional,
subsequent period of 5 years following a successful, merit-
based review.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration may terminate the institute for cause during the
performance period.
``SEC. 503. RESEARCH SECURITY.
``The activities authorized under title V shall be applied in a
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.
SEC. 24. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CRYPTOGRAPHY RESEARCH.
Subsection (a)(1)(A) of section 4 of the Cyber Security Research
and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403) is amended by inserting ``,
including post-quantum cryptography (as such term is defined in section
3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C.
1526 note; Public Law 117-260))'' before the semicolon.
SEC. 25. CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.
The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National Quantum
Initiative Act is amended as follows:
(1) By striking the items relating to sections 105 and 106
and inserting the following new items:
``Sec. 105. Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of
Quantum Information Science.
``Sec. 105A. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy.
``Sec. 106. Sunset.''.
(2) By inserting after the item relating to section 201 the
following new items:
``Sec. 202. National Institute of Standards and Technology quantum
acceleration centers.
``Sec. 203. Research security.'';
(3) By inserting after the item relating to section 302 the
following new items:
``Sec. 303. Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce (QREW)
Coordination Hub.
``Sec. 304. Quantum testbeds.''.
(4) By inserting after the item relating to section 401 the
following new item:
``Sec. 401A. Department of Energy Quantum Instrumentation and Foundry
Program.''.
(5) By inserting after the item relating to section 404 the
following new items:
``Sec. 405. Quantum information science to enhance the resilience and
security of the electric grid.
``Sec. 406. Research security.''.
(6) By adding at the end the following new items:
``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
ACTIVITIES
``Sec. 501. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research for space and aeronautics.
``Sec. 502. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum
institute.
``Sec. 503. Research security.''.
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