[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 7928 Introduced in House (IH)]

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119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 7928

To direct the Secretary of Transportation to issue certain regulations 
    with respect to the safe transportation of lithium-ion cells or 
                   batteries, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             March 12, 2026

  Ms. Titus introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and in addition to the 
   Committee on Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently 
   determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such 
 provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To direct the Secretary of Transportation to issue certain regulations 
    with respect to the safe transportation of lithium-ion cells or 
                   batteries, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Thermal Runaway Reduction Act of 
2026''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Lithium-ion cell or battery.--The term ``lithium-ion 
        cell or battery''--
                    (A) means a rechargeable electrochemical cell or 
                battery in which the positive and negative electrodes 
                are both intercalation compounds constructed with no 
                metallic lithium in either electrode; but
                    (B) does not include a cell or battery described in 
                subsections (c) and (g)(2) of section 173.185 of title 
                49, Code of Federal Regulations.
            (2) Thermal runaway.--The term ``thermal runaway'' means an 
        uncontrolled increase of cell temperature caused by exothermic 
        reactions inside cells and batteries, including lithium-ion 
        cells or batteries.

SEC. 3. REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFE TRANSPORT OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES.

    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Transportation shall--
            (1) work with the United Nations Subcommittee of Experts on 
        the Transportation of Dangerous Goods to revise the design 
        tests in subsection 38.3 of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria 
        to develop an impact test for lithium-ion cells or batteries 
        installed in transport units and transported under UN 3536 to 
        allow improved ability to withstand forces experienced in 
        transport accidents without going into thermal runaway;
            (2) issue such regulations as are necessary to amend 
        section 173.185 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to 
        require lithium-ion cells or batteries to be offered for 
        commercial transport at a state of charge not exceeding 30 
        percent of the rated capacity of such cells or batteries 
        (determined through the guidance and methodology under section 
        38.3.2.3 of the Manual of Tests and Criteria of the United 
        Nations) and authorize the transportation of lithium-ion cells 
        or batteries at a state of charge greater than 30 percent of 
        the rated capacity of such cells or batteries only under 
        conditions approved by the Associate Administrator for 
        Hazardous Materials of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 
        Safety Administration in accordance with the requirements in 
        subpart H of part 107 of such title;
            (3) issue such regulations as are necessary or promulgate 
        final guidance on the safe transportation of damaged, 
        defective, or recalled lithium-ion cells or batteries, and such 
        regulations or guidance shall include guidance on the 
        packaging, movement, and disposal of damaged, defective, or 
        recalled lithium-ion cells or batteries; and
            (4) every five years review the regulations and guidelines 
        under this section and update them, as appropriate, to account 
        for other emerging batteries or cells that pose a risk of 
        thermal runaway as a result from a fire during commercial 
        transport.

SEC. 4. GRANT PROGRAM FOR INNOVATIVE THERMAL RUNAWAY SUPPRESSION 
              STRATEGIES.

    (a) Establishment.--The Administrator of the Pipelines and 
Hazardous Materials Safety Administration shall conduct a program to 
provide grants to eligible entities to test and study--
            (1) the effectiveness of innovative technologies and 
        methods to suppress thermal runaway in lithium-ion cells or 
        batteries transported under UN 3536 in commercial transport 
        units;
            (2) the impact of the state of charge of a battery or cell 
        being transported under UN 3536 on methods to suppress thermal 
        runaway in lithium-ion cells or batteries; and
            (3) methods for emergency responders to verify the state of 
        charge of a battery or cell being transported under UN 3536 
        experiencing thermal runaway as a result of a fire or crash 
        during commercial transport.
    (b) Eligibility.--Facilities that specialize in fire suppression 
testing shall be eligible to receive grants under this section.
    (c) Prioritization.--In issuing grants under this section, the 
Administrator shall prioritize projects that test suppression 
technologies that--
            (1) do not contain perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl 
        substances; and
            (2) are cost effective.
    (d) Timing.--
            (1) Application period.--The Administrator shall--
                    (A) finalize grant eligibility requirements and 
                begin soliciting applications not later than 1 year 
                after the date of enactment of this Act;
                    (B) provide 90 days for entities to submit to the 
                Administrator applications for such a grant;
                    (C) select recipients of grants under this section 
                not later than 180 days after the date on which 
                solicitation begins under subparagraph (A); and
                    (D) in any case in which a deadline under 
                subparagraph (A) or (C) is not met, submit to Congress 
                a report containing any reasons either such deadline 
                was not met.
            (2) Grant completion.--Each grant recipient shall conclude 
        the project for which a grant is awarded not later than 18 
        months after funds are provided to such recipient.
    (e) Reporting Requirements.--In carrying out the program under this 
section, the Administrator shall ensure that each grant recipient, upon 
conclusion of an activity funded by a grant under this section, submits 
to the Administrator a report on the findings of any tests conducted 
pursuant to such grant.
    (f) Recommendations.--Not later than 120 days after the receipt of 
all reports required under subsection (e), the Administrator shall 
review the findings submitted by grant awardees and submit to the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate a report containing--
            (1) any findings related to the grant program under this 
        section, including which fire suppression tools and techniques 
        were found to be most effective at suppressing thermal runaway 
        resulting from a lithium-ion cell or battery fire;
            (2) the impact of the state of charge of a battery on the 
        techniques and tools studied under the grant program;
            (3) information on the best methods to verify the state of 
        charge of a lithium-ion battery or cell after a nonconsumptive 
        event and how that information can inform decisions about how 
        to safely mitigate thermal runaway; and
            (4) recommendations on whether, based on such review, 
        updated guidance or training of the Pipeline and Hazardous 
        Materials Safety Administration is necessary.
    (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated $10,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2027 through 
2031 to carry out this section.

SEC. 5. INCREASING ACCESS TO THERMAL RUNAWAY SUPPRESSION TOOLS.

    (a) Lithium Fire Safety Grants.--Section 5107 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Lithium Fire Safety Grants.--The Secretary shall establish a 
competitive grant program making grants available to volunteer or 
career fire departments, or combination of such fire departments, for--
            ``(1) equipment, including blankets to suppress thermal 
        runaway, portable fire suppression agents, and other equipment 
        that the Secretary determines is appropriate, to support the 
        suppression of thermal runaway resulting from the 
        transportation of lithium-ion cells or batteries;
            ``(2) field-deployed residual-energy assessment and cell-
        integrity diagnostics;
            ``(3) environmental monitoring suites and runoff control to 
        assist with cleanup after a thermal runaway event; and
            ``(4) access and containment tools, over-pack systems, and 
        packaging for damaged, defective, or recalled lithium-ion 
        batteries or cells.
    ``(k) Timing of Grant Process.--The Secretary shall ensure that the 
process for each grant awarded under this section provides for the 
following:
            ``(1) A period of 90 days for entities to submit to the 
        Administrator applications for such a grant.
            ``(2) Selection of the recipients of grants not later than 
        180 days after the date on which solicitation of such grants is 
        initiated.''.
    (b) Timing.--The Secretary of Transportation shall finalize grant 
eligibility requirements and begin soliciting applications for the 
grant program established under section 5107(j) of title 49, United 
States Code, not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act.
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