    [Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
    [H.R. 7567 Reported in House (RH)]

    <DOC>

                                                     Union Calendar No. 537
    119th CONGRESS
      2d Session
                                    H. R. 7567

                              [Report No. 119-620]

     To provide for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other
    programs of the Department of Agriculture through fiscal year 2031, and
                              for other purposes.

    _______________________________________________________________________

                        IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                               February 13, 2026

     Mr. Thompson of Pennsylvania introduced the following bill; which was
                    referred to the Committee on Agriculture

                                 April 21, 2026

      Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole
           House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed
     [Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed
                                   in italic]
        [For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on
                               February 13, 2026]

    _______________________________________________________________________

                                     A BILL

     To provide for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other
    programs of the Department of Agriculture through fiscal year 2031, and
                              for other purposes.

        Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
    United States of America in Congress assembled,

    SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

        (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Farm, Food, and
    National Security Act of 2026''.
        (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
    follows:

    Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
    Sec. 2. Definitions.

                              TITLE I--COMMODITIES

    Sec. 1001. Suspension of permanent price support authority.
    Sec. 1002. Tree assistance program.
    Sec. 1003. Specialty crop emergency assistance framework.
    Sec. 1004. Assistance in the form of block grants.
    Sec. 1005. Dairy-related extensions.
    Sec. 1006. Mandatory reporting of dairy product processing costs.
    Sec. 1007. Dairy reports.
    Sec. 1008. Processing of certain loans.
    Sec. 1009. Storage facility loans.
    Sec. 1010. Strengthening domestic food production supply chains.
    Sec. 1011. Regulations.
    Sec. 1012. Restoration of tobacco as agricultural commodity in
                                Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act.

                             TITLE II--CONSERVATION

                            Subtitle A--Definitions

    Sec. 2001. Definitions.
    Sec. 2002. Mitigation banking.

                    Subtitle B--Conservation Reserve Program

    Sec. 2101. Conservation reserve.
    Sec. 2102. Farmable wetland program.

              Subtitle C--Environmental Quality Incentives Program

    Sec. 2201. Definitions.
    Sec. 2202. Establishment and administration.
    Sec. 2203. Limitation on payments.
    Sec. 2204. Conservation innovation grants and payments.

                  Subtitle D--Conservation Stewardship Program

    Sec. 2301. Conservation stewardship program.
    Sec. 2302. Duties of the Secretary.
    Sec. 2303. State assistance for soil health.

                    Subtitle E--Other Conservation Programs

    Sec. 2401. Conservation of private grazing land.
    Sec. 2402. Feral swine eradication and control program.
    Sec. 2403. Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act.
    Sec. 2404. Emergency conservation program.
    Sec. 2405. Emergency watershed program.
    Sec. 2406. National agriculture flood vulnerability study.
    Sec. 2407. Study on environmental benefits of winter wheat as a cover
                                crop.

                     Subtitle F--Funding and Administration

    Sec. 2501. Commodity Credit Corporation.
    Sec. 2502. Delivery of technical assistance.
    Sec. 2503. Administrative requirements for conservation programs.

             Subtitle G--Agricultural Conservation Easement Program

    Sec. 2601. Definitions.
    Sec. 2602. Agricultural land easements.
    Sec. 2603. Wetland reserve easements.
    Sec. 2604. Administration.

                Subtitle H--Forest Conservation Easement Program

    Sec. 2701. Forest conservation easement program.
    Sec. 2702. Healthy Forests Reserve Program.

             Subtitle I--Regional Conservation Partnership Program

    Sec. 2801. Establishment and purposes.
    Sec. 2802. Definitions.
    Sec. 2803. Regional conservation partnerships.
    Sec. 2804. Assistance to producers.
    Sec. 2805. Funding.
    Sec. 2806. Administration.
    Sec. 2807. Critical conservation areas.

                                TITLE III--TRADE

                         Subtitle A--Food for Peace Act

    Sec. 3101. Transfer of authorities to the Secretary of Agriculture.
    Sec. 3102. Food aid quality assurance.
    Sec. 3103. Repeal of minimum levels of assistance.
    Sec. 3104. Food aid consultative group.
    Sec. 3105. Issuance of regulations; oversight, monitoring, and
                                evaluation.
    Sec. 3106. International food relief partnership.
    Sec. 3107. Use of commodity credit corporation.
    Sec. 3108. Pre-positioning of agricultural commodities and annual
                                report regarding food aid programs and
                                activities.
    Sec. 3109. Deadline for agreements to finance sales or to provide other
                                assistance.
    Sec. 3110. Minimum level of nonemergency food assistance.
    Sec. 3111. Termination date for micronutrient fortification programs.
    Sec. 3112. John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter farmer-to-farmer program.
    Sec. 3113. Food for Peace Act administration.

                   Subtitle B--Agricultural Trade Act of 1978

    Sec. 3201. Agricultural trade promotion and facilitation.
    Sec. 3202. Preserving foreign markets for goods using common names.
    Sec. 3203. Interagency seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetable
                                working group.

                   Subtitle C--Other Agricultural Trade Laws

    Sec. 3301. Growing American food exports.
    Sec. 3302. Food for Progress Act of 1985.
    Sec. 3303. Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act.
    Sec. 3304. Promotion of agricultural exports to emerging markets.
    Sec. 3305. International agricultural education fellowship program.
    Sec. 3306. International agriculture cultural immersion and exchange
                                program.
    Sec. 3307. International food security technical assistance.
    Sec. 3308. McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child
                                Nutrition Program.
    Sec. 3309. Global crop diversity trust.
    Sec. 3310. Local and regional food aid procurement projects.
    Sec. 3311. Agricultural trade enforcement task force.
    Sec. 3312. Report on international shrimp trade.

                        Subtitle D--Other Trade Matters

    Sec. 3401. Report on modifications to USMCA.
    Sec. 3402. Sense of Congress and report on Argentine beef imports.

                              TITLE IV--NUTRITION

             Subtitle A--Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

    Sec. 4101. Declaration of policy.
    Sec. 4102. Prohibited fees.
    Sec. 4103. SNAP staffing flexibility.
    Sec. 4104. Updates to administrative processes for SNAP retailers.
    Sec. 4105. Report on all identified payment errors.
    Sec. 4106. Authorization of appropriations.
    Sec. 4107. Retail food store and recipient trafficking.
    Sec. 4108. EBT card security regulations.
    Sec. 4109. Report on SNAP administrative expenses.
    Sec. 4110. Animal protein an eligible incentive food.
    Sec. 4111. Permanent authority for supplemental nutrition assistance
                                program online purchasing.
    Sec. 4112. Emergency food assistance programs.
    Sec. 4113. Food distribution program on Indian reservations.

                  Subtitle B--Commodity Distribution Programs

    Sec. 4201. Commodity distribution program.
    Sec. 4202. Commodity supplemental food program.
    Sec. 4203. Distribution of surplus commodities to special nutrition
                                projects.
    Sec. 4204. Commodity supplemental food program demonstration project
                                for Tribal organizations.

                           Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

    Sec. 4301. Purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables for distribution to
                                schools and service institutions.
    Sec. 4302. Buy American requirements for certain school meals.
    Sec. 4303. Reauthorization of the Gus Schumacher nutrition incentive
                                program.
    Sec. 4304. Food loss and waste reduction liaison annual report.
    Sec. 4305. Dairy nutrition incentives projects.
    Sec. 4306. Local farmers feeding our communities program.
    Sec. 4307. Healthy food financing initiative.
    Sec. 4308. Dietary guidelines.

                                TITLE V--CREDIT

                        Subtitle A--Farm Ownership Loans

    Sec. 5101. Persons eligible for real estate loans.
    Sec. 5102. Experience requirements.
    Sec. 5103. Refinancing of indebtedness into direct loans.
    Sec. 5104. Conservation loan and loan guarantee program.
    Sec. 5105. Limitations on amount of farm ownership loans.
    Sec. 5106. Inflation percentage.
    Sec. 5107. Authority of Farm Credit System institutions to provide
                                financial support for essential rural
                                community facilities projects.
    Sec. 5108. Down payment loan program.
    Sec. 5109. Heirs property.
    Sec. 5110. Prompt approval of loans and loan guarantees.
    Sec. 5111. Expedited approval pilot program.

                          Subtitle B--Operating Loans

    Sec. 5201. Persons eligible for operating loans.
    Sec. 5202. Limitations on amount of operating loans.
    Sec. 5203. Limitation on microloan amounts.
    Sec. 5204. Cooperative lending pilot projects.

                          Subtitle C--Emergency Loans

    Sec. 5301. Persons eligible for emergency loans.

                     Subtitle D--Administrative Provisions

    Sec. 5401. Beginning farmer and rancher individual development accounts
                                pilot program.
    Sec. 5402. Loan authorization levels.
    Sec. 5403. Loan fund set-asides.
    Sec. 5404. Use of additional funds for direct operating microloans
                                under certain conditions.

                           Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

    Sec. 5501. Extension of credit to businesses providing services to
                                producers or harvesters of aquatic
                                products.
    Sec. 5502. Export finance authority.
    Sec. 5503. Support for rural water and waste systems.
    Sec. 5504. Farm credit system regulation.
    Sec. 5505. Loan guarantees.
    Sec. 5506. Standards for qualified loans.
    Sec. 5507. State agricultural mediation programs.
    Sec. 5508. Technical corrections.
    Sec. 5509. Report on improving creditworthiness of direct and
                                guaranteed loan borrowers.
    Sec. 5510. Farm Credit Administration option to examine low-risk Farm
                                Credit System institutions on a 24-month
                                cycle.

                          TITLE VI--RURAL DEVELOPMENT

             Subtitle A--Improving Health Outcomes in Rural America

    Sec. 6101. Prioritizations for distance learning and telemedicine and
                                community facilities program.
    Sec. 6102. Distance learning and telemedicine loans and grants.

         Subtitle B--Connecting Rural Americans to High Speed Broadband

    Sec. 6201. Rural broadband program loans and grants.
    Sec. 6202. Expansion of middle mile infrastructure into rural areas.
    Sec. 6203. Innovative broadband advancement program.
    Sec. 6204. Community connect grants.
    Sec. 6205. Rate regulation.
    Sec. 6206. Public notice, assessments, technical assistance, and
                                reporting requirements.
    Sec. 6207. Limitation on overbuilding.

                           Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

    Sec. 6301. Rural energy savings program.
    Sec. 6302. Promoting precision agriculture.
    Sec. 6303. Food supply chain guaranteed loans.
    Sec. 6304. New, mobile, and expanded meat processing and rendering
                                grants.
    Sec. 6305. Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative.
    Sec. 6306. Technical assistance for geographically underserved and
                                distressed areas.
    Sec. 6307. Establishment of the Rural Development Innovation Center.
    Sec. 6308. Rural Health Liaison report.

     Subtitle D--Additional Amendments to the Consolidated Farm and Rural
                                Development Act

    Sec. 6401. Water, waste disposal, and wastewater facility grants.
    Sec. 6402. Rural water and wastewater circuit rider program.
    Sec. 6403. Zero and low interest loans for distressed water systems.
    Sec. 6404. Tribal college and university essential community
                                facilities.
    Sec. 6405. Emergency and imminent community water assistance grant
                                program.
    Sec. 6406. Water systems for rural and native villages in Alaska.
    Sec. 6407. Rural decentralized water systems.
    Sec. 6408. Assistance to rural entities.
    Sec. 6409. Solid waste management grants.
    Sec. 6410. Rural business development grants.
    Sec. 6411. Rural cooperative development grants.
    Sec. 6412. Lender fees in guaranteed loan programs.
    Sec. 6413. Locally or regionally produced agricultural food products.
    Sec. 6414. Appropriate technology transfer for rural areas program.
    Sec. 6415. Rural economic area partnership zones.
    Sec. 6416. Intermediary relending program.
    Sec. 6417. Rural health care facility assistance.
    Sec. 6418. Prohibition on use of loan or grant for certain purposes.
    Sec. 6419. Rural Business-Cooperative Service programs technical
                                assistance and training.
    Sec. 6420. National Rural Development Partnership.
    Sec. 6421. Grants for NOAA weather radio transmitters.
    Sec. 6422. Rural microentrepreneur assistance program.
    Sec. 6423. Health care services.
    Sec. 6424. Strategic economic and community development.
    Sec. 6425. Rural innovation stronger economy grant program.
    Sec. 6426. Limitation on rural business investment companies controlled
                                by Farm Credit System institutions.
    Sec. 6427. Rural business investment program.
    Sec. 6428. Technical corrections.
    Sec. 6429. Rural water and wastewater technical assistance and training
                                programs.

     Subtitle E--Additional Amendments to the Rural Electrification Act of
                                      1936

    Sec. 6501. Guarantees for bonds and notes issued for utility
                                infrastructure purposes.
    Sec. 6502. Extension of the rural economic development loan and grant
                                program.
    Sec. 6503. Expansion of 911 access.

              TITLE VII--RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND RELATED MATTERS

      Subtitle A--National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching
                               Policy Act of 1977

    Sec. 7101. National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and
                                Economics Advisory Board.
    Sec. 7102. Specialty crop committee.
    Sec. 7103. Veterinary medicine loan repayment.
    Sec. 7104. Veterinary services grant program.
    Sec. 7105. Grants and fellowships for food and agriculture sciences
                                education.
    Sec. 7106. Agricultural and food policy research centers.
    Sec. 7107. Education grants to Alaska Native serving institutions and
                                Native Hawaiian serving institutions.
    Sec. 7108. Nutrition education program.
    Sec. 7109. Continuing animal health and disease research programs.
    Sec. 7110. Extension and agricultural research at 1890 land-grant
                                colleges, including Tuskegee University.
    Sec. 7111. Scholarships for students at 1890 Institutions.
    Sec. 7112. Grants to upgrade agricultural and food sciences facilities
                                at 1890 land-grant colleges, including
                                Tuskegee University.
    Sec. 7113. Grants to upgrade agriculture and food sciences facilities
                                and equipment and support tropical and
                                subtropical agricultural research at
                                insular area land-grant colleges and
                                universities.
    Sec. 7114. Matching funds requirement for research and extension
                                activities at eligible institutions.
    Sec. 7115. New beginning for Tribal students.
    Sec. 7116. Education grants programs for Hispanic-serving institutions.
    Sec. 7117. Binational agricultural research and development.
    Sec. 7118. Grants and partnerships for international agricultural
                                research, extension, and education.
    Sec. 7119. Research equipment grants.
    Sec. 7120. University research.
    Sec. 7121. Extension service.
    Sec. 7122. Supplemental and alternative crops.
    Sec. 7123. Grants for community college agriculture and natural
                                resources programs.
    Sec. 7124. Capacity building grants for NLGCA institutions.
    Sec. 7125. Agriculture advanced research and development authority.
    Sec. 7126. Aquaculture assistance programs.
    Sec. 7127. Special authorization for biosecurity planning and response.
    Sec. 7128. Agriculture and food protection grant program.
    Sec. 7129. Distance education grants for insular areas.
    Sec. 7130. Resident instruction grants for insular areas.
    Sec. 7131. Repeals.

       Subtitle B--Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

    Sec. 7201. Sustainable agriculture research and education.
    Sec. 7202. National Genetics Resources Program.
    Sec. 7203. Agricultural genome to phenome initiative.
    Sec. 7204. High-priority research and extension initiatives.
    Sec. 7205. Organic agriculture research and extension initiative.
    Sec. 7206. Farm business management.
    Sec. 7207. Urban, indoor, and other emerging agricultural production
                                research, education, and extension
                                initiative.
    Sec. 7208. Centers of excellence.
    Sec. 7209. Assistive technology program for farmers with disabilities.
    Sec. 7210. Farming opportunities training and outreach.
    Sec. 7211. National Rural Information Center Clearinghouse.
    Sec. 7212. Repeal.
    Sec. 7213. Researching the transition to organic.

    Subtitle C--Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act
                                    of 1998

    Sec. 7301. National food safety training, education, extension,
                                outreach, and technical assistance program.
    Sec. 7302. Integrated research, education, and extension competitive
                                grants program.
    Sec. 7303. Support for research regarding diseases of wheat, triticale,
                                and barley caused by fusarium graminearum
                                or by tilletia indica.
    Sec. 7304. Grants for youth organizations.
    Sec. 7305. Specialty crop research initiative.
    Sec. 7306. Agriculture grants for veteran education and training
                                services.
    Sec. 7307. Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database program.
    Sec. 7308. Office of Pest Management Policy.
    Sec. 7309. Forestry products advanced utilization research.
    Sec. 7310. Repeals.

             Subtitle D--Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

    Sec. 7401. Grazinglands research laboratory.
    Sec. 7402. Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network.
    Sec. 7403. Sun grant program.
    Sec. 7404. Repeals.

                      Subtitle E--Amendments to Other Laws

    Sec. 7501. Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994.
    Sec. 7502. Research Facilities Act.
    Sec. 7503. Agriculture and Food Research Initiative.
    Sec. 7504. Extension design and demonstration initiative.
    Sec. 7505. Biomass research and development.
    Sec. 7506. Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978.
    Sec. 7507. National Aquaculture Act of 1980.
    Sec. 7508. Reports on disbursement of funds for agricultural research
                                and extension at 1862 and 1890 land-grant
                                colleges, including Tuskegee University.
    Sec. 7509. Repeal.
    Sec. 7510. Amendment to Smith-Lever Act.

                           Subtitle F--Other Matters

    Sec. 7601. Foundation for food and agriculture research.
    Sec. 7602. Agriculture innovation center demonstration program.
    Sec. 7603. Livestock insects laboratory.
    Sec. 7604. U.S. Abit Massey National Poultry Research Center.
    Sec. 7605. Hatch Act of 1887.
    Sec. 7606. Commission on national agricultural statistics service
                                modernization.
    Sec. 7607. Restoration of 4-H name and emblem authority.
    Sec. 7608. Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and
                                Economics.
    Sec. 7609. Agricultural Innovation Corps.
    Sec. 7610. Study on technical assistance with respect to transfer of
                                agricultural land and assets.

                              TITLE VIII--FORESTRY

            Subtitle A--Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978

    Sec. 8101. Support for State assessments and strategies for forest
                                resources.
    Sec. 8102. Forest legacy program technical correction.
    Sec. 8103. State and private forest landscape-scale restoration
                                program.
    Sec. 8104. Rural fire prevention and control.

              Subtitle B--Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003

    Sec. 8201. Promoting cross-boundary wildfire mitigation.
    Sec. 8202. Authorization of appropriations for hazardous fuel reduction
                                on Federal land.
    Sec. 8203. Water source protection program.
    Sec. 8204. Watershed condition framework technical corrections.
    Sec. 8205. Authorization of appropriations to combat insect
                                infestations and related diseases.
    Sec. 8206. Insect and disease infestation.
    Sec. 8207. Stewardship end result contracting projects.

                      Subtitle C--Other Forestry Programs

    Sec. 8301. National and regional agroforestry centers.
    Sec. 8302. National Forest Foundation Act.
    Sec. 8303. Conveyances and leases of forest service administrative
                                sites.
    Sec. 8304. Forest inventory and analysis.
    Sec. 8305. Reforestation, nursery, and seed orchard support.

                         Subtitle D--Forest Management

                   Part I--National Forest System Management

    Sec. 8401. Categorical exclusion for high priority hazard trees.
    Sec. 8402. Collaborative restoration projects.
    Sec. 8403. Wildfire resilience project size.
    Sec. 8404. Fuel breaks in forests and other wildland vegetation.
    Sec. 8405. Greater sage-grouse and mule deer habitat.
    Sec. 8406. Categorical exclusion for electric utility lines rights-of-
                                way.
    Sec. 8407. Forest management activities on National Forest System
                                lands.
    Sec. 8408. Suppression of wildfires.

                     Part II--Forest Management Activities

    Sec. 8411. No additional consultation required.
    Sec. 8412. Good neighbor authority.
    Sec. 8413. Collaborative forest landscape restoration program.
    Sec. 8414. Public-private wildfire technology deployment and testbed
                                partnership.
    Sec. 8415. Forest service participation in experienced services
                                program.
    Sec. 8416. Timber sales on National Forest System land.
    Sec. 8417. Permits and agreements with electrical utilities.
    Sec. 8418. Utilizing grazing for wildfire risk reduction.
    Sec. 8419. Joint chiefs landscape restoration partnership program.
    Sec. 8420. Tribal forest management program technical correction.

                          Part III--Timber Innovation

    Sec. 8431. Community wood facilities program.
    Sec. 8432. Wood innovation grant program.
    Sec. 8433. Forest and wood products data tracker.
    Sec. 8434. Biochar application demonstration project.

                           Subtitle E--Other Matters

    Sec. 8501. Rural revitalization technologies.
    Sec. 8502. Resource advisory committees.
    Sec. 8503. Accurate hazardous fuels reduction reports.
    Sec. 8504. Special use authorization rental fee waiver.
    Sec. 8505. Charges and fees for harvest of forest botanical products.
    Sec. 8506. Forest service legacy road and trail remediation program
                                transparency.
    Sec. 8507. Direct hire authority.
    Sec. 8508. Improving the emergency forest restoration program.
    Sec. 8509. Exemption for previously analyzed areas of National Forest
                                System Lands.
    Sec. 8510. Release of reversionary interest in Black River State
                                Forest.
    Sec. 8511. Doug LaMalfa Secure Rural Schools Act.
    Sec. 8512. Minor range improvements under Forest Service grazing
                                permits.

                        Subtitle F--White Oak Resilience

    Sec. 8601. Short title.
    Sec. 8602. White oak restoration initiative coalition.
    Sec. 8603. Forest service pilot program.
    Sec. 8604. White oak regeneration and upland oak habitat.
    Sec. 8605. Tree nursery shortages.

                                TITLE IX--ENERGY

    Sec. 9001. Definition of advanced biofuel.
    Sec. 9002. Biobased markets program.
    Sec. 9003. Biorefinery assistance.
    Sec. 9004. Bioproduct labeling terminology.
    Sec. 9005. Bioenergy program for advanced biofuels.
    Sec. 9006. Biodiesel Fuel Education Program.
    Sec. 9007. Rural Energy for America Program.
    Sec. 9008. Feedstock flexibility.
    Sec. 9009. Biomass Crop Assistance Program.
    Sec. 9010. Carbon utilization and biogas education program.
    Sec. 9011. Study on effects of solar panel installations on covered
                                farmland.
    Sec. 9012. Limitation on USDA funding for ground-mounted solar energy
                                systems.
    Sec. 9013. Sustainable aviation fuels strategy.
    Sec. 9014. Leveraging efficiency awareness for pumping systems.
    Sec. 9015. Adding waste energy recovery to the Rural Energy for America
                                Program.

            TITLE X--HORTICULTURE, MARKETING, AND REGULATORY REFORM

                            Subtitle A--Horticulture

    Sec. 10001. Specialty crop block grants.
    Sec. 10002. Specialty crops market news allocation.
    Sec. 10003. Office of Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production.
    Sec. 10004. National Plant Diagnostics Network.
    Sec. 10005. Hemp production.
    Sec. 10006. Pilot program for the intra-organizational movement of
                                genetically engineered microorganisms by
                                certain authorized parties.

                             Subtitle B--Marketing

    Sec. 10101. Marketing orders.
    Sec. 10102. Local agriculture market program.
    Sec. 10103. Acer access and development program.
    Sec. 10104. Organic production and market data initiative.
    Sec. 10105. Organic certification.
    Sec. 10106. Report on procurement.
    Sec. 10107. Definitions of risk to organic integrity and oversight
                                protocols.
    Sec. 10108. Modernization of inspection requirements.
    Sec. 10109. Study and reform of National Organic Program oversight
                                protocols.

                         Subtitle C--Regulatory Reform

          Part I--Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

    Sec. 10201. Exclusion of certain substances.
    Sec. 10202. Coordination.
    Sec. 10203. Interagency working group.
    Sec. 10204. Registration review.
    Sec. 10205. Uniformity of pesticide labeling requirements.
    Sec. 10206. Authority of States.
    Sec. 10207. Lawful use of authorized pesticides.

                  Part II--Other Regulatory Reform Provisions

    Sec. 10211. Multiple crop and pesticide use survey.
    Sec. 10212. Safe harbor for certain discharges of wildland fire
                                chemicals.
    Sec. 10213. Office of Biotechnology Policy.

                            TITLE XI--CROP INSURANCE

    Sec. 11001. Specialty Crop Advisory Committee.
    Sec. 11002. Identification of holders of substantial interests.
    Sec. 11003. Actuarial soundness of certain new products.
    Sec. 11004. Coverage of revenue losses.
    Sec. 11005. Limitation on farm program participation.
    Sec. 11006. Limitation on interest accrual.
    Sec. 11007. Crop insurance support for beginning and veteran farmers
                                and ranchers.
    Sec. 11008. Marketability.
    Sec. 11009. Reimbursement rates for administrative and operating costs.
    Sec. 11010. Quality loss adjustment coverage.
    Sec. 11011. Pilot program to review effectiveness of coverage penalty.
    Sec. 11012. Whole farm improvements.
    Sec. 11013. Program compliance and integrity.
    Sec. 11014. Research and development priorities.
    Sec. 11015. Report on Standard Reinsurance Agreement.
    Sec. 11016. Hurricane insurance protection-wind index report.
    Sec. 11017. Risk management study for lamb.
    Sec. 11018. Study on livestock risk protection policy with respect to
                                producers of feeder cattle affected by
                                adverse weather events.

                      TITLE XII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

                    Subtitle A--Livestock and Other Animals

                      Part I--Animal Health and Production

    Sec. 12001. Animal disease prevention and management.
    Sec. 12002. Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program review and report.
    Sec. 12003. Additional training facilities for National Detector Dog
                                Training Center.
    Sec. 12004. Regionalization, zoning, and compartmentalization
                                agreements.
    Sec. 12005. Importation of live dogs.
    Sec. 12006. Ensuring the free movement of livestock-derived products in
                                interstate commerce.
    Sec. 12007. Report on support for livestock and poultry producers
                                during a foreign animal disease outbreak.
    Sec. 12008. Protection of greyhounds.
    Sec. 12009. Animal fighting.

              Part II--Meat and Poultry Processing and Inspection

    Sec. 12111. Amplifying Processing of Livestock in the United States (A-
                                PLUS).
    Sec. 12112. Hazard analysis and critical control point guidance and
                                resources for small and very small poultry
                                and meat establishments.
    Sec. 12113. Outreach on cooperative interstate shipment.
    Sec. 12114. Pilot program to support custom slaughter establishments.

        Subtitle B--Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994

    Sec. 12201. Office of Homeland Security.
    Sec. 12202. Office of Partnerships and Public Engagement.
    Sec. 12203. Burden of proof for national appeals division hearings.
    Sec. 12204. Termination of authority.
    Sec. 12205. Functions of the Office of Tribal Relations.

                         Subtitle C--National Security

    Sec. 12301. Agricultural foreign investment disclosure improvements.
    Sec. 12302. Report on agricultural land purchasing activities in the
                                United States by countries designated as
                                state sponsors of terrorism and certain
                                other countries.
    Sec. 12303. Investigative actions.
    Sec. 12304. Digitization and consolidation of foreign land ownership
                                data collection and publication.
    Sec. 12305. CFIUS consideration of certain agricultural land
                                transactions.

                   Subtitle D--Other Miscellaneous Provisions

    Sec. 12401. Commission on Farm Transitions--Needs for 2050.
    Sec. 12402. Report on personnel.
    Sec. 12403. Improvements to United States Drought Monitor.
    Sec. 12404. Reports on land access and farmland ownership data
                                collection.
    Sec. 12405. Increasing transparency regarding detention of imported
                                plants.
    Sec. 12406. Enhancement of pet protections.
    Sec. 12407. Protecting animals with shelter.
    Sec. 12408. Report on available assistance to agricultural producers in
                                the State of Texas that have suffered
                                economic losses due to the failure of
                                Mexico to deliver water.
    Sec. 12409. Qualified renewable biomass.
    Sec. 12410. Whole milk under the school breakfast program.
    Sec. 12411. Spotted lanternfly awareness campaign.
    Sec. 12412. Rio Grande Valley agricultural water interagency working
                                group.
    Sec. 12413. Cost-share grants for rollover protection structures.

    SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

        In this Act:
                (1) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the
            Department of Agriculture.
                (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
            of Agriculture.

                              TITLE I--COMMODITIES

    SEC. 1001. SUSPENSION OF PERMANENT PRICE SUPPORT AUTHORITY.

        Section 1602 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9092) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' each place it appears and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 1002. TREE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 1501(e)(1) of the Agricultural Act of
    2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)(1)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or biennial'' after
            ``annual''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``or pest'' after
            ``insect''.
        (b) Economic Viability.--Section 1501(e)(2)(A) of the Agricultural
    Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)(2)(A)) is amended--
                (1) by striking clauses (i) and (ii); and
                (2) by striking ``to provide assistance--'' and inserting
            ``to provide assistance under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of
            paragraph (3) to eligible orchardists and nursery tree growers
            that planted trees for commercial purposes but lost the trees
            or the trees no longer produce an economically viable crop as a
            result of a natural disaster, as determined by the
            Secretary.''.
        (c) Assistance.--Section 1501(e)(3) of the Agricultural Act of 2014
    (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)(3)) is amended in the matter before subparagraph (A)
    by striking ``and (5)'' and inserting ``, (5), (6), and (7)''.
        (d) Requirements With Respect to Assistance.--Section 1501(e) of
    the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)) is amended by adding at
    the end the following:
                ``(6) Timing requirements.--An eligible orchardist or
            nursery tree grower shall agree, as a condition on receipt of
            assistance under this subsection, to carry out any replacement
            and rehabilitation activities for which such assistance is
            provided not later than--
                        ``(A) 2 years after the application for such
                    assistance is approved; or
                        ``(B) if the period specified in subparagraph (A)
                    is not adequate for tree survival, at such time as is
                    necessary to ensure tree survival.
                ``(7) Alternatives used in replanting.--
                        ``(A) In general.--An eligible orchardist or
                    nursery tree grower receiving assistance under this
                    subsection with respect to tree loss may use such
                    assistance to replant using--
                                ``(i) an alternative variety from the
                            variety used prior to the loss;
                                ``(ii) an alternative stand density from
                            the stand density used prior to the loss; and
                                ``(iii) an alternative location than was
                            used prior to the loss.
                        ``(B) Cost share limitations with respect to
                    alternatives.--The assistance provided by the Secretary
                    to eligible orchardists and nursery tree growers--
                                ``(i) for losses described in subparagraph
                            (A)(i), shall be an amount that is not greater
                            than the amount the eligible orchardist or
                            nursery tree grower would receive if the
                            eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower
                            planted the variety lost;
                                ``(ii) for losses described in subparagraph
                            (A)(ii) shall be an amount that is not greater
                            than the amount the eligible orchardist or
                            nursery tree grower would receive if the
                            eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower
                            planted the stand density lost; and
                                ``(iii) for losses described in
                            subparagraph (A)(iii), shall be an amount that
                            is not greater than the amount the eligible
                            orchardist or nursery tree grower would receive
                            if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree
                            grower planted the location in which the loss
                            occurred.''.
        (e) Deadline for Notice Regarding Application Status.--Section
    1501(e) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9801(e)) is further
    amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) Deadline for notice regarding application status.--
            Not later than 120 days after receiving an application for
            assistance under this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) approve or deny such application; and
                        ``(B) notify the applicant of such approval or
                    denial.''.
        (f) Initial Payments Under Tree Assistance Program.--Section
    1501(e) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)) is amended
    by adding at the end the following:
                ``(9) Initial payments.--
                        ``(A) In general.--An eligible orchardist or
                    nursery tree grower may opt to receive an initial
                    assistance payment with respect to losses described in
                    paragraph (2) before incurring the costs described in
                    paragraph (3) relating to such losses.
                        ``(B) Amount.--An initial assistance payment under
                    subparagraph (A) shall be in an amount that is equal to
                    the fair market value of the estimated costs described
                    in paragraph (3) that the eligible orchardist or
                    nursery tree grower is likely to incur with respect to
                    losses described in paragraph (2), as determined by the
                    Secretary.
                        ``(C) Subsequent payment.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In the case of an
                            eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower that
                            opts to receive an initial payment under
                            subparagraph (A) with respect to losses
                            described in paragraph (2), the Secretary
                            shall, as soon as practicable after providing
                            such initial payment, provide a subsequent
                            payment to the eligible orchardist or nursery
                            tree grower in an amount equal to--
                                        ``(I) the payment amount the
                                    eligible orchardist or nursery tree
                                    grower would have received with respect
                                    to such losses under paragraph (3) or
                                    pursuant to paragraph (5); minus
                                        ``(II) the initial payment amount
                                    provided to such eligible orchardist or
                                    nursery tree grower under subparagraph
                                    (B) with respect to such losses.
                                ``(ii) Overpayment.--If an initial payment
                            under subparagraph (B) with respect to losses
                            described in paragraph (2) is greater than the
                            amount an eligible orchardist or nursery tree
                            grower would have received under paragraph (3)
                            or pursuant to paragraph (5) for such losses,
                            such eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower
                            shall repay the Secretary the excess amount.
                        ``(D) Sunset.--The authority to make payments under
                    this paragraph shall terminate on September 30,
                    2035.''.

    SEC. 1003. SPECIALTY CROP EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE FRAMEWORK.

        (a) In General.--The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act
    of 1996 is amended by inserting after section 196 (7 U.S.C. 7333) the
    following:

    ``SEC. 196A. SPECIALTY CROP EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE FRAMEWORK.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a framework to
    provide direct assistance to producers of specialty crops the
    production of which was impacted by an adverse event (including an
    economic crisis or market disruption), as determined by the Secretary,
    in accordance with this section.
        ``(b) Payment Calculation.--In determining a payment calculation
    for purposes of direct assistance to a producer of specialty crops
    under subsection (a), the Secretary shall calculate payments based on--
                ``(1) the producer's sales of specialty crops for a
            calendar year that precedes the year in which the adverse event
            described in such subsection occurred or the average of such
            sales over a set of consecutive calendar years that precedes
            the year in which such adverse event occurred, as determined by
            the Secretary; multiplied by
                ``(2) a payment factor the Secretary determines, subject to
            the availability of funds, to address losses of such specialty
            crops from such adverse event.
        ``(c) Special Rules.--Subject to subsection (d), in providing
    direct assistance pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall
    consider--
                ``(1) the higher value of specialty crops;
                ``(2) the greater input costs required to grow specialty
            crops; and
                ``(3) diverse types of legal entities and structures used
            by specialty crop producers.
        ``(d) Limitations.--
                ``(1) Total amount.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in
                    subparagraph (B), the total amount of payments
                    received, directly or indirectly, by a person or legal
                    entity (except a qualified pass-through entity) (as
                    such terms are defined in section 1001(a) of the Food
                    Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308(a))) for any crop
                    year under this section may not exceed the amount
                    specified in subsection (b) of section 1001 of the Food
                    Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308), as adjusted
                    pursuant to subsection (i) of such section 1001.
                        ``(B) Exception.--In the case of a person or legal
                    entity with an average gross income (as calculated
                    under section 1001D(b)(4)(B) of the Food Security Act
                    of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308-3a(b)(4)(B))) for which greater
                    than or equal to 75 percent of the average derives from
                    farming, ranching, or silviculture activities--
                                ``(i) subparagraph (A) shall not apply; and
                                ``(ii) the total maximum amount of payments
                            received, directly or indirectly, by such
                            person or legal entity for any crop year under
                            this section shall be set by the Secretary,
                            except such amount may not be less than
                            $900,000.
                ``(2) Notification of interests; eligibility; denials.--
            Sections 1001A(a), 1001B, and 1001C of the Food Security Act of
            1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308-1(a); 1308-2; 1308-3) shall apply to a
            producer of a specialty crop under this section in the same
            manner as such sections apply to a person or legal entity with
            respect to a covered commodity, except to the extent such
            sections relate to the application of subsections (b) through
            (d) of section 1001A.''.
        (b) Payment Limitation Conforming Amendment.--Section 1001D(b) of
    the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308-3a(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)(E), by inserting ``or 196A'' after
            ``section 196''; and
                (2) in paragraph (4)(A)(i)(II), by inserting ``or 196A''
            after ``section 196''.

    SEC. 1004. ASSISTANCE IN THE FORM OF BLOCK GRANTS.

        (a) In General.--Subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of
    2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``SEC. 1502. ASSISTANCE IN THE FORM OF BLOCK GRANTS.

        ``(a) In General.--In the case additional funds made available
    after the date of the enactment of this section for covered losses, the
    Secretary may make assistance for such losses available in the form of
    block grants.
        ``(b) Covered Losses.--In this section, the term `covered losses'
    means losses--
                ``(1) of revenue, quality, or production of crops, trees,
            bushes, vines, poultry or livestock as a consequence of a
            natural disaster (as determined by the Secretary); and
                ``(2) for which assistance is not available pursuant to any
            other Federal law.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Agricultural
    Act of 2014 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section
    1501 the following:

    ``1502. Assistance in the form of block grants.''.

    SEC. 1005. DAIRY-RELATED EXTENSIONS.

        (a) Forward Pricing.--Section 1502 of the Food, Conservation, and
    Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8772) is amended by striking subsection
    (e).
        (b) Indemnity Program.--Section 3 of Public Law 90-484 (7 U.S.C.
    4553) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.
        (c) Promotion and Research.--Section 113(e)(2) of the Dairy
    Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 4504(e)(2)) is amended
    by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 1006. MANDATORY REPORTING OF DAIRY PRODUCT PROCESSING COSTS.

        Section 273 of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C.
    1637b) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) for each manufacturer required to report
                    under subparagraph (A) for any product, require that
                    manufacturer to report production cost and product
                    yield information, as determined by the Secretary, for
                    all products processed in the same facility or
                    facilities.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting ``products
                    and'' after ``those'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(3)(B), by inserting ``, subject to
            subsection (b)(1),'' after ``of information'';
                (3) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking
                    ``Electronic Reporting'' and inserting ``Reporting'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the heading, by striking
                            ``Electronic reporting'' and inserting
                            ``Reporting''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``this section'' and
                            inserting ``subparagraphs (A) and (B) of
                            subsection (b)(1)'';
                        (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``this section''
                    and inserting ``subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection
                    (b)(1)''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Dairy product processing costs.--Not later than 2
            years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, and every
            2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall publish a report
            containing the information obtained under subparagraph (C) of
            subsection (b)(1), subject to the conditions described in
            subsection (b)(2).'';
                (4) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
                (5) by adding after subsection (d) the following:
        ``(e) Regulation.--Any actions taken by the Secretary under this
    section shall not be subject to review under Executive Order 12866 (58
    Fed. Reg. 51735) or any successor order.''.

    SEC. 1007. DAIRY REPORTS.

        Paragraph (4) of section 301 of the Dairy Production Stabilization
    Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 4514) is amended by striking ``Not later'' and
    all that follows through ``an annual report'' and inserting ``With
    respect to each calendar year beginning after the date of the enactment
    of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026, a report (which
    shall be submitted not later than 18 months after the last day of such
    calendar year)''.

    SEC. 1008. PROCESSING OF CERTAIN LOANS.

        (a) Marketing Assistance Loans.--Section 1204 of the Agricultural
    Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(j) Effect of Lapse in Appropriations.--The servicing of a
    marketing assistance loan under section 1201 by an officer or employee
    of the Department shall be deemed, for purposes of section 1342 of
    title 31, services for emergencies involving the safety of human life
    or the protection of property.''.
        (b) Loans Under Sugar Program.--Section 156(d) of the Federal
    Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272(d)) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Effect of lapse in appropriations.--The servicing of
            a loan under this section by an officer or employee of the
            Department shall be deemed, for purposes of section 1342 of
            title 31, services for emergencies involving the safety of
            human life or the protection of property.''.

    SEC. 1009. STORAGE FACILITY LOANS.

        Section 1614(a) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
    (7 U.S.C. 8789(a)) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``funds for producers'' and inserting the
            following: ``funds for--
                ``(1) producers''; and
                (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``;
            and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) producers to construct or upgrade storage facilities
            for propane that is primarily used for agricultural production
            (as such term is defined in section 4279.2 of title 7, Code of
            Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of the enactment
            of this paragraph)).''.

    SEC. 1010. STRENGTHENING DOMESTIC FOOD PRODUCTION SUPPLY CHAINS.

        (a) In General.--Subtitle C of title I of the Agricultural Act of
    2014 (Public Law 113-79) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 1302. STRENGTHENING DOMESTIC FOOD PRODUCTION SUPPLY CHAINS.

        ``(a) In General.--With respect to any Federal policy that would
    impact the administration of the programs described in this subtitle or
    any rule, policy, or guidance issued pursuant to such programs, the
    preservation and strengthening of the domestic production described in
    subsection (b) shall be a priority objective of the President.
        ``(b) Domestic Production Described.--The domestic production
    described in this subsection is the production of an agricultural
    commodity--
                ``(1) described in this subtitle; and
                ``(2) from which a food ingredient that serves an important
            function throughout the domestic food production supply chain
            is derived.''.
        (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Agricultural
    Act of 2014 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section
    1301 the following:

    ``1302. Strengthening domestic food production supply chains.''.

    SEC. 1011. REGULATIONS.

        (a) Administration.--Section 1601(c) of the Agricultural Act of
    2014 (7 U.S.C. 9091(c)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``this title, sections
            11003 and 11017, title I of the Agriculture Improvement Act of
            2018 and the amendments made by that title, and section 10109
            of that Act'' and inserting ``a covered provision of law''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Covered provision of law defined.--In this
            subsection, the term `covered provision of law' means--
                        ``(A) this title and sections 11003 and 11017;
                        ``(B) title I of the Agriculture Improvement Act of
                    2018 and the amendments made by that title, and section
                    10109 of that Act; and
                        ``(C) title I of the Farm Food and National
                    Security Act of 2026 and the amendments made by that
                    title.''.
        (b) Loan Implementation.--Section 1614(d) of the Agricultural Act
    of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9097(d)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``subtitle B'' the first
            place it appears and all that follows through the period at the
            end and inserting ``a covered provision of law.'';
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) by striking ``of subtitles B or C''; and
                        (B) by striking ``under subtitles B or C'' and
                    inserting ``under the repayment provisions''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Covered provision of law.--The term `covered
                    provision of law' means--
                                ``(i) subtitle B or C or the amendments
                            made by subtitle B or C;
                                ``(ii) the amendments made by subtitle B or
                            C of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018,
                            except with respect to the assistance provided
                            under sections 1207(c) and 1208; and
                                ``(iii) section 156 of the Federal
                            Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
                            (7 U.S.C. 7272).
                        ``(B) Repayment provisions.--The term `repayment
                    provisions' means the repayment requirements under--
                                ``(i) subtitle B or C; or
                                ``(ii) section 156 of the Federal
                            Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
                            (7 U.S.C. 7272).''.

    SEC. 1012. RESTORATION OF TOBACCO AS AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY IN
                  COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION CHARTER ACT.

        Section 5 of the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (15
    U.S.C. 714c) is amended by striking ``(other than tobacco)'' each place
    such term appears.

                             TITLE II--CONSERVATION

                            Subtitle A--Definitions

    SEC. 2001. DEFINITIONS.

        Section 1201(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3801(a)) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
            ``subtitles A through I:'' and inserting ``subtitles A through
            J:'';
                (2) in paragraph (14), by striking ``term `Indian tribe'
            has the meaning given the term'' and inserting ``terms `Indian
            tribe' and `Indian Tribe' have the meaning given those terms'';
                (3) by redesignating paragraphs (20) through (27) as
            paragraphs (22) through (29), respectively;
                (4) by inserting after paragraph (19) the following:
                ``(20) Precision agriculture.--The term `precision
            agriculture' means managing, tracking, or reducing crop or
            livestock production inputs, including seed, feed, fertilizer,
            chemicals, water, and time, at a heightened level of spatial
            and temporal granularity and biological targeting to improve
            efficiencies, reduce waste, and maintain environmental quality.
                ``(21) Precision agriculture technology.--The term
            `precision agriculture technology' means any technology
            (including targeted inputs and the equipment that is necessary
            for the deployment of such technology) that directly
            contributes to a reduction in, or improved efficiency of,
            inputs used in crop or livestock production, including--
                        ``(A) Global Positioning System-based or geospatial
                    mapping technology;
                        ``(B) satellite or aerial imagery technology;
                        ``(C) yield monitors;
                        ``(D) soil mapping technology;
                        ``(E) sensors for gathering data on crop, soil, or
                    livestock conditions;
                        ``(F) Internet of Things and telematics
                    technologies;
                        ``(G) data management software and advanced
                    analytics;
                        ``(H) network connectivity products and solutions;
                        ``(I) Global Positioning System guidance or auto-
                    steer systems;
                        ``(J) variable rate technology for applying inputs,
                    such as section control; and
                        ``(K) any other technology, as determined by the
                    Secretary, that directly contributes to a reduction in,
                    or improved efficiency of, the use of crop or livestock
                    production inputs, which may include seed, feed,
                    fertilizer, soil amendments, chemicals, water, and
                    time.''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(30) Wildlife habitat connectivity.--The term `wildlife
            habitat connectivity' means the degree to which landscape or
            habitat elements facilitate native species movement among
            seasonal habitats.''.

    SEC. 2002. MITIGATION BANKING.

        Section 1222(k)(1)(B) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3822(k)(1)(B)) is amended to read as follows:
                        ``(B) Authorization of appropriations.--There is
                    authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry
                    out this paragraph $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years
                    2027 through 2031.''.

                    Subtitle B--Conservation Reserve Program

    SEC. 2101. CONSERVATION RESERVE.

        (a) In General.--Section 1231(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3831(a)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.
        (b) Eligible Land.--Section 1231(b) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``the date of
            enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018'' and
            inserting ``the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and
            National Security Act of 2026''; and
                (2) in paragraph (7)(A), by striking ``September 30, 2017,
            or September 30, 2018'' and inserting ``September 30, 2025, or
            September 30, 2026''.
        (c) Enrollment.--
                (1) Maximum acreage enrolled.--Section 1231(d)(1)(E) of the
            Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)(1)(E)) is amended
            by striking ``fiscal year 2023'' and inserting ``each of fiscal
            years 2023 through 2031''.
                (2) Grasslands.--Section 1231(d)(2)(A)(ii)(III) of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)(2)(A)(ii)(III)) is
            amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.
                (3) State enrollment rates.--Section 1231(d)(4) of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)(4)) is amended by
            striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2026 through
            2031'' each place it appears.
                (4) Continuous enrollment procedure.--Section 1231(d)(6)(B)
            of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)(6)(B)) is
            amended to read as follows:
                        ``(B) Limitation.--For purposes of applying the
                    limitations in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, to
                    the maximum extent practicable, enroll and maintain not
                    fewer than 8,600,000 acres of land under subparagraph
                    (A) by September 30, 2031.''.

    SEC. 2102. FARMABLE WETLAND PROGRAM.

        Section 1231B(a)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3831b(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

              Subtitle C--Environmental Quality Incentives Program

    SEC. 2201. DEFINITIONS.

        Section 1240A(6)(B)(v) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3839aa-1(6)(B)(v)) is amended by inserting ``(including the adoption of
    precision agriculture practices and the acquisition of precision
    agriculture technology)'' after ``planning''.

    SEC. 2202. ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION.

        (a) Payments.--
                (1) Special rule involving payments for foregone income.--
            Section 1240B(d)(3)(F) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16
            U.S.C. 3839aa-2(d)(3)(F)) is amended by inserting ``and
            wildlife habitat connectivity'' before ``; or''.
                (2) Other payments.--Section 1240B(d)(6) of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(d)(6)) is amended--
                        (A) by striking ``A producer shall'' and inserting
                    the following:
                        ``(A) Payments under this subtitle.--Except as
                    provided in paragraph (9), a producer shall''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Conservation loan and loan guarantee program
                    payments.--
                                ``(i) In general.--A producer receiving
                            payments for practices on eligible land under
                            the program may also receive a loan or loan
                            guarantee under section 304 of the Consolidated
                            Farm and Rural Development Act to cover costs
                            for the same practices on the same land.
                                ``(ii) Notice to producer.--The Secretary
                            shall inform a producer participating in the
                            program in writing that they may apply to
                            receive a loan or loan guarantee under section
                            304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
                            Development Act as it relates to costs of
                            implementing practices under this program.''.
                (3) Increased payments for high-priority practices.--
            Section 1240B(d)(7) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
            3839aa-2(d)(7)) is amended--
                        (A) in the paragraph heading, by inserting ``state-
                    determined'' before ``high-priority''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in clause (iii), by striking ``or'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) in clause (iv), by striking the period
                            at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(v) addresses the conservation and
                            restoration of wildlife habitat, including
                            wildlife habitat connectivity and wildlife
                            migration corridors; or
                                ``(vi) increases carbon sequestration or
                            reduces greenhouse gas emissions, including
                            emissions of methane and nitrous oxide.''.
                (4) Increased payments for precision agriculture.--Section
            1240B(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
            2(d)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) Increased payments for precision agriculture
            practices.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2), the Secretary may
            increase the amount that would otherwise be provided for a
            practice under this subsection to not more than 90 percent of
            the costs associated with adopting precision agriculture
            practices and acquiring precision agriculture technology for
            the purpose of implementing conservation practices.''.
                (5) Cost-share payments for grassland.--Section 1240B(d) of
            the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(d)) is
            further amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(9) Cost-share payments for grassland enrolled in the
            conservation reserve program.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may provide
                    payments under the program for costs associated with
                    planning, design, materials, equipment, installation,
                    labor, management, maintenance, or training, for the
                    purpose of a wildlife corridor, with respect to
                    eligible land that is--
                                ``(i) enrolled in the conservation reserve
                            program under section 1231(d)(2)(A); and
                                ``(ii) of ecological significance, as
                            described in section 1231(d)(2)(B)(iii).
                        ``(B) Limitation.--A producer shall not be eligible
                    for payments under subparagraph (A) for a practice if
                    the producer receives payments or other benefits for
                    the same practice on the same land under this title.''.
        (b) Allocation of Funding.--Section 1240B(f)(1) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(f)(1)) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.
        (c) Water Conservation or Irrigation Efficiency Practice.--Section
    1240B(h)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(h)(1))
    is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; or'' and inserting
            a semicolon;
                (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period and
            inserting ``; or''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) the adoption of precision agriculture
                    practices or the acquisition of precision agriculture
                    technology to achieve water conservation and energy
                    efficiency.''.
        (d) Payments for Conservation Practice Related to Organic
    Production.--Section 1240B(i)(3)(A)(ii) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(i)(3)(A)(ii)) is amended by striking ``2019
    through 2023, $140,000'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031, $200,000''.
        (e) Conservation Incentive Contracts.--Section 1240B(j)(2)(A)(i) of
    the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(j)(2)(A)(i)) is
    amended by inserting ``(which may include the adoption of precision
    agriculture practices and the acquisition of precision agriculture
    technology)'' after ``incentive practices''.
        (f) Southern Border Initiative.--Section 1240B of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(k) Southern Border Initiative.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide payments
            under the program to producers to implement conservation
            practices on covered lands of such producers that address and
            repair covered damage that may contribute to a natural resource
            concern or problem.
                ``(2) Contract term.--In the case of a contract under the
            program entered into for the implementation of practices
            described in paragraph (1), such contract shall have a term of
            1 year.
                ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Covered damage.--The term `covered damage'
                    means damage to agricultural land or farming
                    infrastructure.
                        ``(B) Covered land.--The term `covered land' means
                    eligible land in a county at or near the southern
                    border of the United States, as determined by the
                    Secretary.''.

    SEC. 2203. LIMITATION ON PAYMENTS.

        Section 1240G of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-7)
    is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2027
    through 2031''.

    SEC. 2204. CONSERVATION INNOVATION GRANTS AND PAYMENTS.

        (a) Competitive Grants for Innovative Conservation Approaches.--
    Section 1240H(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
    8(a)) is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) Grants.--Out of the funds made available to carry out
            this subchapter, the Secretary may award competitive grants
            that are intended to stimulate development and evaluation of
            new and innovative approaches to leveraging the Federal
            investment in environmental enhancement and protection, in
            conjunction with agricultural production or forest resource
            management, through the program, including grants for the
            development and evaluation of new and innovative technologies
            that may be incorporated into conservation practice
            standards.''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)(H), by inserting before the period
            ``(including precision agriculture practices and precision
            agriculture technologies)''.
        (b) On-Farm Conservation Innovation Trials.--Section
    1240H(c)(1)(B)(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
    8(c)(1)(B)(i)) is amended--
                (1) in subclause (VI), by striking ``and'' at the end; and
                (2) by inserting after subclause (VII) the following:
                                        ``(VIII) perennial production
                                    systems, including agroforestry and
                                    perennial forages and grain crops;
                                    and''.
        (c) Reporting and Database.--Section 1240H(d)(2)(A) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(d)(2)(A)) is amended--
                (1) in clause (i)--
                        (A) by inserting ``, including both management and
                    structural conservation practices,'' after
                    ``conservation practices''; and
                        (B) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii);
                (3) by inserting after clause (i) the following:
                                ``(ii) data that may be used to evaluate
                            new and emerging technologies and
                            recommendations for State and regional
                            applications of such new and emerging
                            technologies; and''; and
                (4) in clause (iii), as so redesignated, by inserting ``for
            consideration under the streamlined process developed under
            section 1242(h)(3)'' before the period at the end.

                  Subtitle D--Conservation Stewardship Program

    SEC. 2301. CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM.

        Section 1240J(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3839aa-22(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph
            (A), by inserting ``and except as provided in paragraph (3),''
            after ``paragraph (2),''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Cost-share payments for grassland enrolled in the
            conservation reserve program.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may provide
                    payments under the program for costs associated with
                    planning, design, materials, equipment, installation,
                    labor, management, maintenance, or training, for the
                    purpose of a wildlife corridor, with respect to
                    eligible land that is--
                                ``(i) enrolled in the conservation reserve
                            program under section 1231(d)(2)(A); and
                                ``(ii) of ecological significance, as
                            described in section 1231(d)(2)(B)(iii).
                        ``(B) Limitation.--A producer shall not be eligible
                    for payments under subparagraph (A) for a conservation
                    activity if the producer receives payments or other
                    benefits for the same conservation activity on the same
                    land under this title.
                        ``(C) Emergency grazing and haying access
                    preserved.--No priority resource concern, practice, or
                    incentive pertaining to restoration and enhancement of
                    wildlife habitat connectivity and wildlife migration
                    corridors on the acres described above will prevent or
                    alter emergency grazing and haying access for grassland
                    acres enrolled in the conservation reserve program.''.

    SEC. 2302. DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.

        (a) Conservation Stewardship Payments.--Section 1240L(c) of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(c)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting before the period
            ``(including increased costs associated with planning and
            adopting precision agriculture conservation activities and
            acquiring precision agriculture technology)''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Minimum payment.--The amount of an annual payment
            under the program shall be not less than $4,000.''.
        (b) Supplemental Payments for Resource-Conserving Crop Rotations
    and Advanced Grazing Management.--Section 1240L(d) of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(d)) is amended--
                (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``and Advanced
            Grazing Management'' and inserting ``, Advanced Grazing
            Management, and Precision Agriculture'';
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; or'' and
                    inserting a semicolon;
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) precision agriculture conservation
                    activities.''; and
                (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``or advanced grazing
            management'' and inserting ``, advanced grazing management, or
            precision agriculture conservation activities''.
        (c) Payment Limitations.--Section 1240L(f) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(f)) is amended by striking ``2019 through
    2023'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 2303. STATE ASSISTANCE FOR SOIL HEALTH.

        Subchapter B of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-21 et seq.) is amended by adding
    at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 1240L-2. STATE ASSISTANCE FOR SOIL HEALTH.

        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Eligible indian tribe.--The term `eligible Indian
            Tribe' means an Indian Tribe that is--
                        ``(A) implementing a soil health program for the
                    area over which the Indian Tribe has jurisdiction; and
                        ``(B) meeting or exceeding performance measures
                    established by the Indian Tribe for the soil health
                    program.
                ``(2) Eligible state.--The term `eligible State' means a
            State that is--
                        ``(A) implementing a soil health program for the
                    State; and
                        ``(B) meeting or exceeding performance measures
                    established by the State for the soil health program.
                ``(3) Soil health program.--The term `soil health program'
            means a program to improve soil health on agricultural land
            that--
                        ``(A) is broadly consistent with the soil health
                    principles of the Natural Resources Conservation
                    Service, as determined by the Secretary; and
                        ``(B) may include--
                                ``(i) technical assistance;
                                ``(ii) financial assistance;
                                ``(iii) on-farm research and demonstration;
                                ``(iv) education, outreach, and training;
                                ``(v) monitoring and evaluation; or
                                ``(vi) such other components as the
                            Secretary determines appropriate.
        ``(b) Availability and Purpose of Grants.--For fiscal years 2027
    through 2031, the Secretary shall make grants to eligible States and
    eligible Indian Tribes for the purpose of improving soil health on
    agricultural lands through the implementation of State and Tribal soil
    health programs.
        ``(c) Applications.--
                ``(1) In general.--To receive a grant under this section,
            an eligible State or eligible Indian Tribe shall submit to the
            Secretary an application at such time, in such a manner, and
            containing such information as the Secretary shall require,
            which shall include--
                        ``(A) a description of performance measures to be
                    used to evaluate the State or Tribal soil health
                    program and the results of any activities carried out
                    using grant funds received under this section; and
                        ``(B) an assurance that grant funds received under
                    this section will supplement the expenditure of State
                    or Tribal funds in support of soil health, rather than
                    replace such funds.
                ``(2) Tribal option.--An Indian Tribe shall have the
            option, at the sole discretion of the Indian Tribe, to be
            incorporated into the application of an eligible State.
        ``(d) Grants.--
                ``(1) Amount.--The amount of a grant to an eligible State
            or eligible Indian Tribe under this section for a fiscal year
            may not exceed the lower of--
                        ``(A) $5,000,000; or
                        ``(B) as applicable--
                                ``(i) 50 percent of the cost of
                            implementing the State soil health program in
                            the fiscal year; or
                                ``(ii) 75 percent of the cost of
                            implementing the Tribal soil health program in
                            the fiscal year.
                ``(2) Term.--A grant under this section shall be for 1
            year, and may be renewed annually.
        ``(e) Audits and Reviews.--An eligible State or eligible Indian
    Tribe receiving a grant under this section shall submit to the
    Secretary--
                ``(1) for each year for which the State or Indian Tribe
            receives such a grant, the results of an audit of the
            expenditures of the grant funds; and
                ``(2) at such intervals as the Secretary shall establish, a
            review and evaluation of the State or Tribal soil health
            program.
        ``(f) Effect of Noncompliance.--If the Secretary, after reasonable
    notice to an eligible State or eligible Indian Tribe receiving a grant
    under this section, finds that the State or Indian Tribe has failed to
    comply with the terms of the grant, the Secretary may disqualify, for 1
    or more years, the State or Indian Tribe from receipt of future grants
    under this section.
        ``(g) Funding.--Of the funds made available to carry out this
    subchapter, $100,000,000 shall be available in each of fiscal years
    2027 through 2031 to carry out this section.
        ``(h) Administration.--
                ``(1) Department.--The Secretary may not use more than 3
            percent of the funds made available to carry out this section
            for a fiscal year for administrative expenses.
                ``(2) States or indian tribes.--An eligible State or
            eligible Indian Tribe receiving a grant under this section may
            not use more than 7 percent of the granted funds for a fiscal
            year for administrative expenses.''.

                    Subtitle E--Other Conservation Programs

    SEC. 2401. CONSERVATION OF PRIVATE GRAZING LAND.

        Section 1240M(e) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3839bb) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 2402. FERAL SWINE ERADICATION AND CONTROL PROGRAM.

        (a) Feral Swine Eradication and Control Program.--Chapter 5 of
    subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3839bb et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 1240M the
    following:

    ``SEC. 1240N. FERAL SWINE ERADICATION AND CONTROL PROGRAM.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a feral swine
    eradication and control program (in this section referred to as the
    `program') to respond to the threat feral swine pose to agriculture,
    native ecosystems, and human and animal health.
        ``(b) Duties of the Secretary.--In carrying out the program, the
    Secretary shall--
                ``(1) study and assess the nature and extent of damage to
            the threatened areas caused by feral swine;
                ``(2) develop methods to eradicate or control feral swine
            in the threatened areas;
                ``(3) develop methods to restore damage caused by feral
            swine; and
                ``(4) provide financial assistance to agricultural
            producers in threatened areas.
        ``(c) Assistance.--The Secretary may provide financial assistance
    to agricultural producers under the program to implement methods to--
                ``(1) eradicate or control feral swine in the threatened
            areas; and
                ``(2) restore damage caused by feral swine.
        ``(d) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure that the Natural
    Resources Conservation Service and the Animal and Plant Health
    Inspection Service coordinate for purposes of this section through
    State technical committees established under section 1261(a).
        ``(e) Cost Sharing.--
                ``(1) Federal share.--The Federal share of the costs of
            activities under the program may not exceed 75 percent of the
            total costs of such activities.
                ``(2) In-kind contributions.--The non-Federal share of the
            costs of activities under the program may be provided in the
            form of in-kind contributions of materials or services.
        ``(f) Threatened Area Defined.--In this section, the term
    `threatened area' means an area of a State in which feral swine have
    been identified as a threat to agriculture, native ecosystems, or human
    and animal health, as determined by the Secretary.
        ``(g) Funding.--
                ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity
            Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this
            section $75,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2019 through
            2023, $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2024, and $150,000,000 for
            the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2031.
                ``(2) Distribution of funds.--Of the funds made available
            under paragraph (1)--
                        ``(A) 40 percent shall be allocated to the Natural
                    Resources Conservation Service to carry out the
                    program, including the provision of financial
                    assistance to producers for on-farm trapping and
                    technology related to capturing and confining feral
                    swine; and
                        ``(B) 60 percent shall be allocated to the Animal
                    and Plant Health Inspection Service to carry out the
                    program, including the use of established, and testing
                    of innovative, population reduction methods.
                ``(3) Limitation on administrative expenses.--Not more than
            10 percent of funds made available under this section may be
            used for administrative expenses of the program.
        ``(h) Coordination and Cooperation With a Land-grant College or
    University.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall direct the Natural
            Resources Conservation Service and the Animal and Plant Health
            Inspection Service to enter into a contract with 1 or more
            land-grant colleges or universities to assist with the program
            in achieving its goals.
                ``(2) Eligible land-grant colleges and universities.--A
            land-grant college or university is eligible to enter into a
            contract under paragraph (1) if such college or university--
                        ``(A) has developed and implemented a system of
                    evaluating damages from feral swine and effectiveness
                    of control efforts in response to the Agriculture
                    Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-334);
                        ``(B) shows evidence of a strong working
                    relationship with Wildlife Services in the Animal and
                    Plant Health Inspection Service; and
                        ``(C) has maintained a State-funded, non-Federal
                    Wildlife Services program that has an active
                    cooperative agreement with Wildlife Services in the
                    Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service within the
                    structure of the Land Grant University System.
                ``(3) Role of the land-grant college or university.--A
            land-grant college or university that enters into a contract
            under paragraph (1) shall, as a condition on entering into such
            a contract, assist the program by acting as a strategic,
            neutral entity that is able to advance the program beyond the
            expertise of the Department to achieve the stated goals of the
            program by--
                        ``(A) identifying and carrying out research on
                    novel methods of feral swine control and land
                    remediation;
                        ``(B) assisting in establishing strategic areas for
                    feral swine control based on data collected in response
                    to the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018;
                        ``(C) coordinating and collaborating between field
                    staff, programmatic staff, and research staff within
                    the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the
                    Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; and
                        ``(D) establishing and consulting with the
                    Department on research goals and priorities in the
                    program.
                ``(4) Funding.--Funding made available under (g)(2) shall
            be available to fund activities under this subsection, as
            determined by the Secretary.
                ``(5) Land-grant college or university defined.--In this
            subsection, the term `land-grant college or university' has the
            meaning given the term `land-grant colleges and universities'
            in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research,
            Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103).''.
        (b) Repeal.--Section 2408 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of
    2018 (7 U.S.C. 8351 note) is repealed.
        (c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of
    the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 is amended by striking the item
    relating to section 2408.

    SEC. 2403. WATERSHED PROTECTION AND FLOOD PREVENTION ACT.

        (a) Assistance to Local Organizations.--
                (1) In general.--Section 3(a) of the Watershed Protection
            and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1003(a)) is amended by
            redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7) and inserting
            after paragraph (5) the following:
                ``(6) to provide technical and financial assistance for
            remedial actions in accordance with subsection (c); and''.
                (2) Assistance for remedial actions; streamlining.--Section
            3 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16
            U.S.C. 1003) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Assistance for Remedial Actions.--
                ``(1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (a)(6), the
            Secretary may provide technical and financial assistance to
            local organizations for remedial actions for a completed work
            of improvement installed under this Act with respect to which--
                        ``(A) deterioration of a structural component of
                    the work of improvement is occurring at an abnormal
                    rate, including situations in which such deterioration
                    is due to a design deficiency or to site conditions
                    that were unknown at the time of installation of the
                    work of improvement;
                        ``(B) the planned service life of the work of
                    improvement exceeds the service life of a structural
                    component of such work of improvement; or
                        ``(C) structural damage to such work of
                    improvement, or to a structural component of such work
                    of improvement, was caused by a storm event that
                    exceeded the maximum storm event for which the work of
                    improvement was designed.
                ``(2) Cost share.--Financial assistance provided under this
            subsection shall be provided in accordance with the cost-share
            rate established in the agreement with the local organization
            for the work of improvement.
        ``(d) Streamlining.--The Secretary shall, on an ongoing basis--
                ``(1) engage with relevant Federal agencies to reduce or
            eliminate regulatory, policy, or procedural barriers to timely
            provision of assistance under this Act;
                ``(2) provide for streamlined procedures relating to
            coordination with other Federal or State agencies for required
            reviews and permitting of projects pursuant to this Act, and
            ensure such procedures are commensurate with the size and scale
            of the projects;
                ``(3) conduct an assessment of internal Department of
            Agriculture planning, technical support, and approvals to
            determine best practices to be used for the purpose of
            maximizing the decisionmaking authority of State
            conservationists with respect to approvals required for
            projects under this Act; and
                ``(4) prioritize the use of agreements and contracting
            authorities under this Act to provide funding to local
            organizations for the planning, design, and construction of
            works of improvement.''.
        (b) Data.--Section 13 of the Watershed Protection and Flood
    Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1010) is amended to read as follows:

    ``SEC. 13. DATA.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall collect and maintain, and
    make publicly available--
                ``(1) data, on a national and State-by-State basis,
            concerning--
                        ``(A) expenditures for the individual flood control
                    and conservation measures for which assistance is
                    provided under this Act; and
                        ``(B) the expected flood control or environmental
                    (including soil erosion) benefits that will result from
                    the implementation of such measures; and
                ``(2) data, with respect to each project for which
            assistance is provided under this Act, concerning--
                        ``(A) total allocated and expended funds for
                    planning, design, construction, remedial actions, and
                    rehabilitation; and
                        ``(B) contracts and agreements entered into by the
                    Secretary with a local organization to provide
                    services, including--
                                ``(i) the services provided through such
                            contracts and agreements;
                                ``(ii) the total funds allocated to such
                            contracts and agreements; and
                                ``(iii) any modifications or adjustments
                            made to such contracts and agreements.
        ``(b) Prohibition.--The Secretary may not make publicly available
    under this section an agreement entered into with an individual
    landowner, operator, or occupier under this Act, or any disaggregated
    information that identifies such individual landowner, operator, or
    occupier.''.
        (c) Rehabilitation of Structural Measures Near, at, or Past Their
    Evaluated Life Expectancy.--
                (1) Cost share assistance for rehabilitation.--Section
            14(b) of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16
            U.S.C. 1012(b)) is amended--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``65 percent''
                    and inserting ``90 percent''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Relation to requirements of authorized projects.--A
            rehabilitation project for which assistance is provided under
            this section shall not be subject to--
                        ``(A) the requirement under section 2 that a
                    project contain benefits directly related to
                    agriculture, including rural communities, that account
                    for at least 20 percent of the total benefits of the
                    project; or
                        ``(B) section 4(5).''.
                (2) Funding.--Section 14(h)(2)(E) of the Watershed
            Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1012(h)(2)(E))
            is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 2404. EMERGENCY CONSERVATION PROGRAM.

        Section 401 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2201)
    is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and
                    Other Emergency Conservation Measures'' after
                    ``Fencing'';
                        (B) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) In general.--With respect to a payment to an
            agricultural producer under subsection (a) for the repair or
            replacement of fencing, or for other emergency measures to
            rehabilitate farmland or to repair or replace a farmland or
            conservation structure, the Secretary shall give the
            agricultural producer the option of receiving--
                        ``(A) before carrying out such replacement or
                    rehabilitation, not more than 75 percent of the payment
                    for such replacement or rehabilitation, which shall be
                    based on the fair market value of the replacement or
                    rehabilitation, as determined by the Secretary; and
                        ``(B) before carrying out such repair, not more
                    than 50 percent of the payment for such repair, which
                    shall be based on the fair market value of the repair,
                    as determined by the Secretary.''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) New or emerging technologies.--Repair or replacement
            of fencing under this section may include updating of fencing
            to new or emerging technology if such updating does not
            increase the cost of the repair or replacement.''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Wildfires.--A wildfire that causes damage with respect to
    which a payment may be made under subsection (a) includes any wildfire
    that is not caused naturally, including a wildfire that is caused by
    the Federal Government, if the damage is caused by the spread of the
    fire due to natural causes.''.

    SEC. 2405. EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROGRAM.

        (a) Floodplain Easements.--Section 403(b) of the Agricultural
    Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2203(b)) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs
            (5) and (6), respectively;
                (2) by inserting before paragraph (5), as so redesignated,
            the following:
                ``(1) Easement restoration.--The Secretary is authorized to
            restore appropriate vegetative cover, hydrological functions,
            and other functions and values of the land subject to a
            floodplain easement acquired under subsection (a).
                ``(2) Easement maintenance.--The Secretary is authorized to
            monitor, maintain, and enhance appropriate vegetative cover,
            hydrological restoration measures, and other restoration
            measures on land subject to a floodplain easement acquired
            under subsection (a).
                ``(3) Contracts and agreements.--In carrying out paragraphs
            (1) and (2), the Secretary may--
                        ``(A) enter into contracts with landowners; and
                        ``(B) enter into agreements with States,
                    nongovernmental organizations, and Indian Tribes.
                ``(4) Compatible use authority.--The Secretary may
            authorize a landowner to carry out activities on land subject
            to a floodplain easement acquired under subsection (a) that
            are--
                        ``(A) compatible uses necessary to carry out
                    paragraph (1) or (2); or
                        ``(B) compatible economic uses (including such
                    activities as hunting and fishing, managed timber
                    harvest, water management, or periodic haying or
                    grazing) if such uses are consistent with the long-term
                    protection of the floodplain functions and values for
                    which the easement was acquired.''; and
                (3) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``paragraph (5)'' each place it
            appears.
        (b) Level of Restoration.--Section 403 of the Agricultural Credit
    Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2203) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(c) Level of Restoration.--In carrying out this section, the
    Secretary may undertake measures that increase the level of protection
    above that which would be necessary to address the immediate impairment
    of the watershed if the Secretary determines that such restoration is
    in the best interest of the long-term health of the watershed and the
    long-term protection of the watershed from repetitive impairments.''.

    SEC. 2406. NATIONAL AGRICULTURE FLOOD VULNERABILITY STUDY.

        Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
    Forestry of the Senate a national agriculture flood vulnerability
    report containing the results of a Conservation Effects Assessment
    Project assessment of flood risk on agricultural lands, including--
                (1) an analysis of economic losses of crops and livestock
            resulting from flooding under different recurrence scenarios;
                (2) an analysis of the downstream effects of mitigation
            activities carried out as part of a watershed management
            approach;
                (3) an analysis of available Federal and State data
            relating to flood risk, as applicable to agricultural land,
            including data relating to riverine flooding, coastal flooding,
            storm surge, extreme precipitation, and flash flooding; and
                (4) a description of ongoing producer-level conservation
            practices and broader government initiatives to manage the
            effects of flooding and flood risk within and across
            watersheds, and recommendations for additional practices and
            initiatives to further address such effects and risk.

    SEC. 2407. STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF WINTER WHEAT AS A COVER
                  CROP.

        The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Natural Resources
    Conservation Service, shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of
    the House of Representatives the results of a study on the
    environmental benefits of using winter wheat as a cover crop, including
    use as a cover crop that is removed during harvest.

                     Subtitle F--Funding and Administration

    SEC. 2501. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.

        (a) Annual Funding.--Section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``2019 through
                    2023'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``2019 through
                    2023'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031'';
                (2) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking clauses (i) through
            (vi) and inserting the following:
                                ``(i) $2,530,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                                ``(ii) $2,730,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                                ``(iii) $3,130,000,000 for fiscal year
                            2029;
                                ``(iv) $3,175,000,000 for fiscal year 2030;
                            and
                                ``(v) $3,255,000,000 for fiscal year 2031;
                            and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) The forest conservation easement program under
            subtitle I, using, to the maximum extent practicable--
                        ``(A) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        ``(E) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
                ``(6) The regional conservation partnership program under
            subtitle J, to the maximum extent practicable--
                        ``(A) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                        ``(B) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                        ``(C) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                        ``(D) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                        ``(E) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.''.
        (b) Regional Equity.--Section 1241(e)(1) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``subtitle I''
    and inserting ``subtitle J''.
        (c) Acceptance and Use of Contributions for Public-Private
    Partnerships.--Section 1241(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16
    U.S.C. 3841(f)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (6)(A)(ii), by inserting ``of'' before
            ``any terms''; and
                (2) in paragraph (9)--
                        (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(A) subtitle D (except for subchapter B of
                    chapter 1 of such subtitle), subtitle H, subtitle I, or
                    subtitle J;'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the semicolon
                    and inserting ``; or'';
                        (C) by striking subparagraph (C); and
                        (D) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as
                    subparagraph (C).
        (d) Report on Program Enrollments and Assistance.--Section 1241(i)
    of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(i)) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
            ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)(E), by striking ``section
            1265B(b)(2)(B)(ii)'' and inserting ``section
            1265B(b)(2)(A)(iii)''.

    SEC. 2502. DELIVERY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 1242(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3842(a)) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
                (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Non-federal certifying entity.--The term `non-Federal
            certifying entity' means a non-Federal entity, an Indian Tribe,
            or a State agency described in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of
            subsection (e)(4) that has entered into an agreement under
            subsection (e)(5)(D).''.
        (b) Purpose of Technical Assistance.--Section 1242(b) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(b)) is amended by inserting
    ``timely,'' after ``consistent,''.
        (c) Non-Federal Assistance.--Section 1242(d) of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(d)) is amended by inserting ``(including
    private sector entities)'' after ``Department or non-Federal
    entities''.
        (d) Certification of Third-Party Providers.--Section 1242(e) of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(e)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Food, Conservation, and
            Energy Act of 2008'' and inserting ``Farm, Food, and National
            Security Act of 2026'';
                (2) by amending paragraph (3)(A) to read as follows:
                        ``(A) ensure that persons (including commercial
                    entities, nonprofit entities, State or local
                    governments or agencies, and other Federal agencies)
                    with expertise in the technical aspects of conservation
                    planning, watershed planning, environmental
                    engineering, conservation practice design,
                    implementation, and evaluation, and any other technical
                    skills determined appropriate by the Secretary, are
                    eligible to become approved providers of the technical
                    assistance;''; and
                (3) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5) and inserting the
            following:
                ``(4) Certification.--A third-party provider may be
            certified to provide technical assistance under this section
            only--
                        ``(A) through a certification process administered
                    by the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the
                    Natural Resources Conservation Service;
                        ``(B) by a non-Federal entity (other than a State
                    agency or an Indian Tribe) approved by the Secretary
                    under paragraph (5) to certify a third-party provider;
                        ``(C) by an Indian Tribe approved by the Secretary
                    under paragraph (5) to certify a third-party provider;
                    or
                        ``(D) by a State agency that--
                                ``(i) has statutory authority to certify,
                            administer, or license professionals in one or
                            more fields of natural resources, agriculture,
                            or engineering; and
                                ``(ii) is approved by the Secretary under
                            paragraph (5) to certify a third-party
                            provider.
                ``(5) Non-federal certifying entity.--
                        ``(A) Establishment of approval process.--Not later
                    than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Farm,
                    Food, and National Security Act of 2026, the Secretary
                    shall establish a process to approve a non-Federal
                    entity (including a State agency and an Indian Tribe),
                    to become a non-Federal certifying entity.
                        ``(B) Approval.--Not later than 60 days after the
                    date on which the Secretary receives an application by
                    a non-Federal entity to certify third-party providers
                    under this section, the Secretary shall make a decision
                    on whether to approve such application.
                        ``(C) Eligibility.--In carrying out subparagraph
                    (B), the Secretary shall take into consideration--
                                ``(i) the ability of the applicable non-
                            Federal entity to assess the qualifications of
                            a third-party provider and to certify third-
                            party providers at scale;
                                ``(ii) the experience of the applicable
                            non-Federal entity in working with third-party
                            providers and eligible participants;
                                ``(iii) the expertise of the applicable
                            non-Federal entity in the technical skills
                            described in paragraph (3)(A); and
                                ``(iv) such other qualifications as the
                            Secretary determines to be appropriate.
                        ``(D) Agreement.--Upon approving an application
                    under this paragraph, the Secretary shall enter into an
                    agreement with the non-Federal entity to become a non-
                    Federal certifying entity.
                        ``(E) Duties of non-federal certifying entities.--
                    In certifying third-party providers under this section,
                    a non-Federal certifying entity shall--
                                ``(i) assess the ability of a third-party
                            provider to appropriately provide technical
                            assistance to eligible participants for
                            specified practices and conservation
                            activities;
                                ``(ii) provide training to ensure that a
                            third-party provider is qualified to provide
                            technical assistance upon certification by the
                            non-Federal certifying entity; and
                                ``(iii) submit to the Secretary, in a
                            timely manner, information on--
                                        ``(I) each third-party provider
                                    certified by the non-Federal certifying
                                    entity, for inclusion on the registry
                                    of certified third-party providers
                                    maintained by the Secretary; and
                                        ``(II) each third-party provider
                                    the certification of which is withdrawn
                                    by the non-Federal certifying entity.
                ``(6) Timely decisions.--
                        ``(A) Certification by secretary.--Not later than
                    30 days after the date on which the Secretary receives
                    an application from a third-party provider to be
                    certified under the process described in paragraph
                    (4)(A) for particular practices and conservation
                    activities, the Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) make a final decision with respect to
                            such application; and
                                ``(ii) if the final decision is to certify
                            the third-party provider, include the name of
                            the certified third-party provider on the
                            registry of certified third-party providers
                            maintained by the Secretary.
                        ``(B) Certification by non-federal certifying
                    entity.--Not later than 10 days after the date on which
                    the Secretary receives a notification from a non-
                    Federal certifying entity that a third-party provider
                    was certified, pursuant to subparagraph (B), (C), or
                    (D) of paragraph (4), for particular practices and
                    conservation activities, the Secretary shall include
                    the name of the certified third-party provider on the
                    registry of certified third-party providers maintained
                    by the Secretary.
                ``(7) Streamlined certification.--Not later than 180 days
            after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National
            Security Act of 2026, the Secretary shall establish a
            streamlined process for the Secretary and non-Federal
            certifying entities to use to certify under this section a
            third-party provider that has a relevant professional
            certification for particular practices and conservation
            activities, as determined by the Secretary.''.
        (e) Administration.--Section 1242(f) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(f)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``each of the programs
            specified in section 1241'' and inserting ``conservation
            programs administered by the Secretary'';
                (2) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph
            (A), by inserting ``or a non-Federal certifying entity'' before
            ``under this section'';
                (3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
                ``(3) Update of certification process by the secretary.--
            Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Farm,
            Food, and National Security Act of 2026, and periodically
            thereafter, the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) review the certification processes under
                    paragraphs (4)(A) and (7) of subsection (e);
                        ``(B) make any adjustments considered necessary by
                    the Secretary to--
                                ``(i) increase the number of third-party
                            providers delivering technical assistance; and
                                ``(ii) improve the quality of technical
                            assistance delivered by third-party providers;
                        ``(C) conduct outreach to, and receive input on the
                    barriers for third-party providers to become certified
                    under this section from--
                                ``(i) third-party providers that are, or
                            have been, certified under this section; and
                                ``(ii) other interested parties associated
                            with eligible participants; and
                        ``(D) set a target rate of utilization of third-
                    party providers to deliver technical assistance across
                    all conservation programs administered by the
                    Secretary.'';
                (4) in paragraph (4)(A)(i), by inserting ``(including
            maintenance)'' after ``implementation'';
                (5) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:
                ``(5) Payment amount.--
                        ``(A) In general.--For payments provided by the
                    Secretary under paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (c),
                    the Secretary shall determine payment amounts for
                    technical assistance provided by third-party providers,
                    which shall be at rates equivalent to, but that do not
                    exceed, the cost to the Secretary of providing
                    technical assistance directly to an eligible
                    participant.
                        ``(B) Considerations.--In determining payment
                    amounts under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall
                    consider specialized equipment, frequency of site
                    visits, training, travel and transportation, and such
                    other factors as the Secretary determines to be
                    appropriate.
                        ``(C) Exclusion.--A payment provided under
                    subsection (c)(3) shall be excluded from calculations
                    relating to any cost-sharing requirements of the
                    applicable conservation program under which the payment
                    was provided.
                ``(6) Transparency.--Not later than 1 year after the date
            of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of
            2026, and periodically thereafter, the Secretary shall make
            publicly available information on--
                        ``(A) funds obligated to third-party providers
                    through--
                                ``(i) contracts entered into between
                            eligible participants and individual third-
                            party providers; and
                                ``(ii) agreements with public and private
                            sector entities to secure third-party technical
                            assistance;
                        ``(B) the certification process under this section,
                    including--
                                ``(i) the number of third-party providers
                            certified by the Secretary;
                                ``(ii) the number of non-Federal certifying
                            entities approved by the Secretary;
                                ``(iii) the number of third-party providers
                            certified by non-Federal certifying entities
                            (other than State agencies and Indian Tribes);
                                ``(iv) the number of third-party providers
                            certified by Indian Tribes;
                                ``(v) the number of third-party providers
                            certified by State agencies; and
                                ``(vi) the number of third-party providers
                            certified through the streamlined certification
                            process described in subsection (e)(7);
                        ``(C) how third-party providers contribute to the
                    quality and effectiveness of conservation practices
                    implemented and adopted through conservation programs
                    administered by the Secretary, and what improvements
                    are needed; and
                        ``(D) the target rate of utilization of third-party
                    providers set under paragraph (3)(D) and how actual
                    rate of utilization compares to the target rate.''; and
                (6) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(7) Soil health planning.--The Secretary shall emphasize
            the use of third-party providers in providing technical
            assistance for soil health planning, including planning related
            to the use of cover crops, precision agriculture practices,
            comprehensive nutrient management planning, and other
            innovative plans.''.
        (f) Review of Conservation Practice Standards.--Section 1242(h) of
    the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(h)) is amended--
                (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Review'' and
            inserting ``Establishment and Review'';
                (2) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(A) not later than 1 year after the date of
                    enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
                    of 2026, and at least every 5 years thereafter,
                    complete a review of each conservation practice
                    standard, including engineering design
                    specifications;'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) by amending subparagraph (D) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(D) evaluate opportunities to increase
                    flexibility in conservation practice standards in a
                    manner that integrates new and innovative technologies
                    that provide equivalent or improved natural resource
                    benefits compared to the standards in effect at the
                    time of the review;''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(E) provide a process for public input on each
                    conservation practice standard under such review,
                    including a process for consideration of State and
                    local input;
                        ``(F) publicly post a summary of any input received
                    under subparagraph (E) and any decisions made relating
                    to such input; and
                        ``(G) revise any conservation practice standard
                    based on the results of such review, as determined
                    appropriate by the Secretary, and publish any such
                    revised standard.'';
                (3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
                ``(3) Process for establishment of interim and new
            conservation practice standards.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National
                    Security Act of 2026, the Secretary shall develop a
                    streamlined process under which the Secretary shall
                    establish interim conservation practice standards and
                    new conservation practice standards.
                        ``(B) Development.--In developing the streamlined
                    process under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) ensure that the public can engage
                            with the Department of Agriculture, including
                            by recommending interim conservation practice
                            standards; and
                                ``(ii) establish--
                                        ``(I) the types of data, metrics,
                                    and other relevant information that are
                                    necessary for the establishment of
                                    interim conservation practice standards
                                    and new conservation practice
                                    standards;
                                        ``(II) the process by which an
                                    interim conservation practice standard
                                    may become a new conservation practice
                                    standard; and
                                        ``(III) specific requirements for
                                    an expedited review of a new
                                    conservation practice for the purpose
                                    of establishing a new conservation
                                    practice standard for such practice.
                        ``(C) Considerations.--In establishing an interim
                    conservation practice standard or a new conservation
                    practice standard under this subsection, the Secretary
                    shall consider--
                                ``(i) input from State technical committees
                            on recommendations that identify innovations or
                            advancements in conservation practices;
                                ``(ii) technological advancements,
                            including advancements from projects developed
                            under section 1240H;
                                ``(iii) State and local input in the form
                            of--
                                        ``(I) recommendations for interim
                                    conservation practice standards; and
                                        ``(II) partnership-led proposals
                                    for new and innovative techniques to
                                    facilitate implementing agreements and
                                    grants under this title; and
                                ``(iv) input from native entities in the
                            form of information relating to native
                            traditional ecological knowledge that can
                            inform conservation practice standards.
                        ``(D) Innovative technology priority.--In reviewing
                    conservation practice standards under this subsection,
                    the Secretary shall prioritize the review of interim
                    conservation practice standards and new conservation
                    practice standards that integrate innovative
                    technologies, including--
                                ``(i) precision agriculture technologies;
                                ``(ii) biological fertilizers,
                            biostimulants, enhanced efficiency fertilizers,
                            and other tools determined by the Secretary to
                            reduce nutrient loss;
                                ``(iii) animal feed additives;
                                ``(iv) perennial production systems,
                            including agroforestry and perennial forages
                            and grain crops; and
                                ``(v) any other innovative technology, as
                            determined by the Secretary.
                        ``(E) Transparency.--The Secretary shall make
                    available on a public website a detailed description of
                    the process for recommending, reviewing, and
                    establishing interim conservation practice standards
                    and new conservation practice standards under this
                    paragraph.'';
                (4) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by striking ``Agriculture Improvement
                            Act of 2018'' and inserting ``Farm, Food, and
                            National Security Act of 2026''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``a report on'' and
                            inserting ``a report detailing'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                    ``administrative'' and inserting ``streamlined'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (D) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (E) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) any other information the Secretary
                    determines useful to improve such streamlined process
                    for reviewing and establishing conservation practice
                    standards.''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) Office of conservation innovation.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish
                    within the Office of the Chief of the Natural Resources
                    Conservation Service an Office of Conservation
                    Innovation (referred to in this paragraph as the
                    `Office') which shall be under the direct supervision
                    of the Chief.
                        ``(B) Duties.--The Office shall--
                                ``(i) provide support to the Chief in
                            meeting the requirements of this subsection;
                            and
                                ``(ii) encourage innovation in conservation
                            practices through--
                                        ``(I) revisions of existing
                                    conservation practice standards;
                                        ``(II) recommendations of interim
                                    conservation practice standards; and
                                        ``(III) recommendations of new
                                    conservation practice standards.
                        ``(C) Staff.--The Chief shall detail to the Office
                    not more than 6 employees of the Department of
                    Agriculture who are technical specialists that possess
                    an understanding of conventional, organic, and other
                    production techniques, representing--
                                ``(i) agronomy and agroecology (including
                            soil health, biological nutrient sources, and
                            compatible cover cropping systems);
                                ``(ii) grazing lands ecology (including
                            rangeland, pastureland, and grazed forest
                            land);
                                ``(iii) animal husbandry (including animal
                            nutrition and feed management);
                                ``(iv) water conservation, drainage water
                            management, and irrigation engineering
                            technology;
                                ``(v) agricultural engineering (including
                            animal waste management, energy, and structural
                            measures); and
                                ``(vi) forest ecology and agroforestry.
                ``(6) Funding.--The Secretary shall use funding from the
            annual appropriations for conservation operations of the
            Natural Resources Conservation Service to carry out this
            subsection.''.
        (g) Direct Hire Authority.--Section 1242 of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(j) NRCS Direct Hire Authority.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may appoint, without
            regard to the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 of title
            5, United States Code (other than sections 3303 and 3328 of
            such title), qualified candidates, as described in paragraph
            (2), directly to positions within the Natural Resources
            Conservation Service that provide technical assistance under
            conservation programs administered by the Natural Resources
            Conservation Service.
                ``(2) Qualifications.--Paragraph (1) applies to a candidate
            who--
                        ``(A) is qualified to provide the technical
                    assistance described in paragraph (1), as determined by
                    the Secretary; and
                        ``(B) meets qualification standards established by
                    the Office of Personnel Management.''.
        (h) Addressing Barriers to Wildlife Habitat Connectivity.--Section
    1242 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842) is further
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(k) Addressing Barriers to Wildlife Habitat Connectivity.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) to the maximum extent practicable, fully
                    incorporate nonstructural methods to control livestock
                    distribution, such as virtual fencing, into the
                    conservation practice standards; and
                        ``(B) provide for the appropriate range of
                    conservation practices and resource mitigation measures
                    available to landowners using nonstructural methods
                    described in subparagraph (A).
                ``(2) Availability of adequate technical assistance.--The
            Secretary shall ensure that adequate technical assistance is
            available for the implementation of--
                        ``(A) nonstructural methods described in paragraph
                    (1)(A); and
                        ``(B) other practices that support wildlife habitat
                    connectivity through Federal conservation programs.''.

    SEC. 2503. ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSERVATION PROGRAMS.

        (a) Tenant Protections.--Section 1244(d) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(d)) is amended by striking ``I.'' and inserting
    ``J.''.
        (b) Acreage Limitations.--Section 1244(f) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(f)) is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) Limitation.--The Secretary shall not enroll more than
            25 percent of the cropland in any county in the conservation
            reserve program established under subchapter B of chapter 1 of
            subtitle D and wetland reserve easements under section
            1265C.'';
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``paragraph (1)(A)'' and inserting ``paragraph
                    (1)''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end and inserting ``or'';
                (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``paragraph (1)(A)'' and
            inserting ``paragraph (1)''; and
                (4) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking ``classes IV'' and
            inserting ``classes III''.
        (c) Review and Guidance for Practice Costs and Payment Rates.--
                (1) In general.--Section 1244(j)(1) of the Food Security
            Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(j)(1)) is amended--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``Not later than 1 year after the date of
                    enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018,
                    and not later than October 1 of each year thereafter,
                    the Secretary shall'' and inserting ``The Secretary
                    shall establish a process under which the Secretary
                    shall annually'';
                        (B) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(A) review, with respect to each State, the
                    actual practice costs and rates of payments (or, where
                    actual practice costs and rates of payments are not
                    available, estimates of such practice costs and rates)
                    made to producers pursuant to programs under this title
                    for practices on eligible land; and''; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clause (ii), by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating clause (iii) as
                            clause (iv);
                                (iii) by inserting after clause (ii) the
                            following:
                                ``(iii) accounts for the variability in
                            costs of implementing practices on eligible
                            land under this title; and''; and
                                (iv) in clause (iv), as so redesignated, by
                            striking ``regional, State, and'' and inserting
                            ``State and''.
                (2) Guidance; review.--Section 1244(j)(2) of the Food
            Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(j)(2)) is amended--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``estimates
                    for''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause
                            (iii);
                                (iii) by inserting after clause (i) the
                            following:
                                ``(ii) monitoring for and identifying
                            significant variability in practice costs in
                            each year; and''; and
                                (iv) in clause (iii), as so redesignated,
                            by inserting ``and, when appropriate, adopting
                            any recommendations made by such State
                            technical committee'' after ``that State''.
                (3) Effect on existing contracts.--Section 1244(j) of the
            Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(j)) is amended by
            adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Effect on existing contracts.--In order to provide
            rates of payments that are commensurate with the costs of
            implementing practices pursuant to programs under this title,
            the Secretary shall establish processes and procedures for
            updating rates of payments under a contract or agreement in
            effect under this title to reflect the appropriate practice
            costs and rates of payments determined under paragraph (2)(B)
            for the year in which the practice is implemented.''.
        (d) Source Water Protection Through Targeting of Agricultural
    Practices.--Section 1244(n) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3844(n)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause
                            (iii);
                                (ii) in clause (i), by striking the ``and''
                            at the end; and
                                (iii) by inserting after clause (i) the
                            following:
                                ``(ii) identify in each State a source
                            water protection coordinator who shall be
                            responsible for coordinating such collaboration
                            with community water systems under this
                            subsection; and''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``under
                    subparagraph (A)(ii)'' and inserting ``under
                    subparagraph (A)(iii)''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Publicly available information.--Beginning on the
            date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
            of 2026, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Natural
            Resources Conservation Service, shall make publicly available--
                        ``(A) an annual report that details--
                                ``(i) for each local priority area
                            identified under paragraph (2)(A)(i)--
                                        ``(I) the conservation programs
                                    under which assistance is provided
                                    pursuant to paragraph (1);
                                        ``(II) the practices implemented
                                    pursuant to paragraph (1); and
                                        ``(III) the number of contracts and
                                    acres devoted to such practices;
                                ``(ii) for each conservation program
                            administered by the Secretary--
                                        ``(I) the amount of funds obligated
                                    and expended for practices implemented
                                    pursuant to paragraph (1); and
                                        ``(II) information regarding the
                                    status of compliance with paragraph
                                    (3); and
                                ``(iii) the practices, by State, that are
                            receiving increased incentives and higher
                            payment rates under paragraph (2)(A)(iii); and
                        ``(B) through an interactive map, aggregated data
                    detailed under subparagraph (A).''.
        (e) Encouragement of Habitat Connectivity and Wildlife Corridors.--
    Section 1244 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(q) Encouragement of Habitat Connectivity and Wildlife
    Corridors.--In carrying out any conservation program administered by
    the Secretary, the Secretary may, as appropriate, encourage the use of
    conservation practices that support the development, restoration, and
    maintenance of habitat connectivity and wildlife corridors.''.

             Subtitle G--Agricultural Conservation Easement Program

    SEC. 2601. DEFINITIONS.

        Section 1265A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865a) is
    amended--
                (1) by striking paragraph (2);
                (2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (7) as
            paragraphs (2) through (6), respectively; and
                (3) in paragraph (3)(A), as so redesignated, by amending
            clause (i) to read as follows:
                                ``(i) that is subject to a pending offer
                            for purchase of an agricultural land easement
                            from an eligible entity;''.

    SEC. 2602. AGRICULTURAL LAND EASEMENTS.

        (a) Availability of Assistance.--Section 1265B(a) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``in eligible land;'' and
            inserting ``on eligible land; and'';
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``(iv); and'' and
            inserting ``(iii).''; and
                (3) by striking paragraph (3).
        (b) Cost-Share Assistance.--
                (1) Scope of assistance available.--Section 1265B(b)(2) of
            the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(2)) is
            amended--
                        (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(A) Federal share.--
                                ``(i) In general.--An agreement described
                            in paragraph (4) shall provide for a Federal
                            share determined by the Secretary of an amount
                            not to exceed 65 percent of the fair market
                            value of the agricultural land easement, as
                            determined by the Secretary using--
                                        ``(I) the Uniform Standards of
                                    Professional Appraisal Practice;
                                        ``(II) an areawide market analysis
                                    or survey; or
                                        ``(III) another industry-approved
                                    method.
                                ``(ii) Socially disadvantaged farmers and
                            ranchers exception.--In the case of eligible
                            land with respect to which a socially
                            disadvantaged farmer or rancher holds an
                            ownership interest of not less than 50 percent,
                            the Secretary may provide an amount not to
                            exceed 90 percent of the fair market value of
                            the agricultural land easement.
                                ``(iii) Grasslands exception.--In the case
                            of grassland of special environmental
                            significance, as determined by the Secretary,
                            the Secretary may provide an amount not to
                            exceed 75 percent of the fair market value of
                            the agricultural land easement.'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) by amending clause (i) to read as
                            follows:
                                ``(i) In general.--Under the agreement, the
                            eligible entity shall provide a non-Federal
                            share that is equivalent to the remainder of
                            the fair market value of the agricultural land
                            easement not provided by the Secretary under
                            subparagraph (A).'';
                                (ii) by striking clause (ii);
                                (iii) by redesignating clause (iii) as
                            clause (ii); and
                                (iv) in clause (ii), as so redesignated, in
                            the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking
                            ``subparagraph'' and inserting ``paragraph'';
                            and
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the
                    following:
                        ``(C) Lower cost-share option.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Notwithstanding
                            paragraph (4)(C)(v), an eligible entity may
                            elect to enter into an agreement under
                            paragraph (4) in which the terms and conditions
                            of an agricultural land easement funded under
                            the agreement do not include a right of
                            enforcement for the Secretary if the eligible
                            entity agrees to a Federal share that does not
                            exceed 25 percent of the fair market value of
                            the agricultural land easement, as determined
                            by the Secretary under subparagraph (A).
                                ``(ii) Minimum terms and conditions.--Under
                            an agreement described in clause (i), an
                            eligible entity shall be authorized to use its
                            own terms and conditions for agricultural land
                            easements so long as the Secretary determines
                            such terms and conditions--
                                        ``(I) are consistent with the
                                    purposes of the program; and
                                        ``(II) permit effective enforcement
                                    of the conservation purposes of such
                                    easements.
                                ``(iii) Entity enforcement.--Under an
                            agreement described in clause (i), the
                            Secretary shall require the terms and
                            conditions for the agricultural land easement
                            to include a right of enforcement for the
                            eligible entity.
                                ``(iv) Cash contribution.--Under an
                            agreement described in clause (i), the eligible
                            entity shall provide cash resources in an
                            amount that is not less than 50 percent of the
                            fair market value of the agricultural land
                            easement, as determined by the Secretary under
                            subparagraph (A).''.
                (2) Evaluation and ranking of applications.--Section
            1265B(b)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
            3865b(b)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(F) Pooling of applications.--The Secretary may
                    evaluate and rank applications submitted by eligible
                    entities for the purchase of agricultural land
                    easements from landowners who are socially
                    disadvantaged farmers or ranchers separately from
                    applications submitted for the purchase of agricultural
                    land easements from other landowners.''.
                (3) Agreements with eligible entities.--Section 1265B(b)(4)
            of the Food Security Act of 1985 (42 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(4)) is
            amended--
                        (A) in subparagraph (C)--
                                (i) by striking clause (iii);
                                (ii) by redesignating clauses (iv) and (v)
                            as clauses (iii) and (iv), respectively;
                                (iii) in clause (iii), as so redesignated,
                            by striking the ``and'' at the end;
                                (iv) in clause (iv), as so redesignated, by
                            striking the period at the end and inserting
                            ``;''; and
                                (v) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(v) include a right of enforcement for
                            the Secretary that--
                                        ``(I) may be used only if the terms
                                    and conditions of the easement are not
                                    enforced by the eligible entity; and
                                        ``(II) does not extend to a right
                                    of inspection unless--
                                                ``(aa)(AA) the holder of
                                            the easement fails to provide
                                            monitoring reports in a timely
                                            manner; or
                                                ``(BB) the Secretary has a
                                            reasonable and articulable
                                            belief that the terms and
                                            conditions of the easement have
                                            been violated; and
                                                ``(bb) prior to the
                                            inspection, the Secretary
                                            notifies the eligible entity
                                            and the landowner of the
                                            inspection and provides a
                                            reasonable opportunity for the
                                            eligible entity and the
                                            landowner to participate in the
                                            inspection; and
                                ``(vi) include a right of the Secretary to
                            require the transfer of the easement to a
                            different eligible entity if the eligible
                            entity that holds the easement ceases to exist
                            or is no longer eligible to participate in the
                            program, as determined by the Secretary.''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) in clause (ii)--
                                        (I) in subclause (I)(ff), by
                                    striking ``(v)'' and inserting
                                    ``(iv)''; and
                                        (II) in subclause (II), by striking
                                    the ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) in subclause (iii), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by inserting at the end the
                            following:
                                ``(iv) do not conflict with any minimum
                            terms or conditions under subparagraph (C) that
                            may be required.''.
                (4) Certification of eligible entities.--Section
            1265B(b)(5) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
            3865b(b)(5)) is amended--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by
                            striking ``under which the Secretary may'' and
                            inserting ``, to minimize administrative
                            burdens on the Secretary and recognize the
                            ability of experienced eligible entities to
                            administer easements with minimal oversight by
                            the Secretary, under which the Secretary
                            shall''; and
                                (ii) in clause (iv), by inserting ``, and
                            modify,'' after ``entity to use'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clause (ii)--
                                        (I) in subclause (II), by striking
                                    ``10'' and inserting ``5''; and
                                        (II) in subclause (III), by
                                    striking the ``or'' at the end;
                                (ii) in clause (iii)--
                                        (I) in subclause (I), by striking
                                    ``10'' and inserting ``5''; and
                                        (II) in subclause (II), by striking
                                    the period at the end and inserting ``;
                                    or'';
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iv) is an eligible entity not described
                            in clause (ii) or (iii) that has--
                                        ``(I) acquired not fewer than 10
                                    agricultural land easements under the
                                    program or any predecessor program; and
                                        ``(II) successfully met the
                                    responsibilities of the eligible entity
                                    under the applicable agreements with
                                    the Secretary, as determined by the
                                    Secretary, relating to agricultural
                                    land easements that the eligible entity
                                    has acquired under the program or any
                                    predecessor program.''; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (C)--
                                (i) in the header, by striking ``Review and
                            revision'' and inserting ``Review and
                            revocation'';
                                (ii) in the header of clause (i) by
                            striking ``Review'' and inserting ``Certified
                            entity review''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iii) Easement review.--The Secretary
                            shall establish and conduct an annual quality
                            review process to--
                                        ``(I) review a sample set of
                                    easements acquired by certified
                                    eligible entities;
                                        ``(II) ensure the integrity of the
                                    easement acquisition process under this
                                    section;
                                        ``(III) establish and enforce a
                                    process for corrective actions; and
                                        ``(IV) provide for a waiver of
                                    successive easement reviews based on
                                    demonstrated compliance.''.

    SEC. 2603. WETLAND RESERVE EASEMENTS.

        (a) Easements.--Section 1265C(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3865c(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(D), by striking ``tribes'' and
            inserting ``Tribes and landowners who are socially
            disadvantaged farmers or ranchers''; and
                (2) by inserting after paragraph (3)(C) the following:
                        ``(D) Pooling of applications.--The Secretary may
                    evaluate and rank offers from landowners who are
                    socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers separately
                    from offers from other landowners.''.
        (b) Easement Restoration.--Section 1265C(c)(1) of the Food Security
    Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c(c)(1)) is amended by striking ``subsection
    (f)'' and inserting ``subsection (g)''.
        (c) Easement Stewardship.--Section 1265C of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsections (d) through (g) as
            subsections (e) through (h), respectively; and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (c), the following:
        ``(d) Easement Stewardship.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide financial
            assistance to owners of eligible land enrolled under this
            section for the repair, necessary maintenance, and enhancement
            activities described in the wetland reserve easement plan
            developed for the eligible land under subsection (g)(1).
                ``(2) Evaluation of stewardship need.--The Secretary
            shall--
                        ``(A) regularly assess land enrolled under this
                    section to identify maintenance and management needs,
                    including any needed repair or enhancement of existing
                    structural practices, in accordance with the applicable
                    wetland reserve easement plan;
                        ``(B) consistent with the purposes of the program,
                    create, execute, and update as necessary based on the
                    assessments carried out under subparagraph (A), a
                    stewardship strategy for--
                                ``(i) prioritizing and addressing the needs
                            identified under subparagraph (A); and
                                ``(ii) projecting the amount of annual
                            funding needed for financial and technical
                            assistance to address such needs; and
                        ``(C) establish a 5-year schedule to address such
                    needs.
                ``(3) Payments.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall make payments in an amount that is not more
            than 100 percent of the eligible costs, as determined by the
            Secretary.
                ``(4) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026,
            the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of
            the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
            Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that includes--
                        ``(A) an inventory of the existing stewardship
                    needs of all wetland reserve easements, based on the
                    assessments carried out under paragraph (2);
                        ``(B) the stewardship strategy created under
                    paragraph (2)(B);
                        ``(C) the amounts the Secretary plans to allocate
                    to address such stewardship needs, based on projections
                    made pursuant to paragraph (2)(B)(ii); and
                        ``(D) the planned use of compatible uses under
                    subsection (b)(5)(C), contracts or agreements under
                    subsection (e)(2), or wetland reserve easement plans
                    under subsection (g)(1) to ensure that each such
                    stewardship need is addressed.''.
        (d) Assistance.--Subsection (e) of section 1265C of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c), as so redesignated, is
    amended--
                (1) in the header, by striking ``Technical Assistance'' and
            inserting ``Assistance''; and
                (2) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
                ``(2) Contracts or agreements.--The Secretary may enter
            into 1 or more contracts or agreements with a Federal, State,
            or local agency, a nongovernmental organization, an Indian
            Tribe, or a private entity to carry out necessary restoration,
            enhancement, maintenance, repair, assessment, or monitoring of
            a wetland reserve easement if the Secretary determines that the
            contract or agreement will advance the purposes of the
            program.''.
        (e) Wetland Reserve Enhancement Option.--Subsection (f) of section
    1265C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c), as so
    redesignated, is amended--
                (1) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the
            following:
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Funding.--Of the funds made available to carry out
            this section, the Secretary shall reserve not less than 15
            percent to carry out this subsection.''.

    SEC. 2604. ADMINISTRATION.

        (a) Subordination, Exchange, Modification, and Termination.--
    Section 1265D(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865d(c))
    is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
                ``(2) Modification and exchange of interest in land.--
                        ``(A) Modification.--
                                ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve
                            a modification of any interest in land, or
                            portion of such interest, administered by the
                            Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the
                            Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program
                            if the Secretary determines that the
                            modification--
                                        ``(I) will support the long-term
                                    agricultural viability of the
                                    applicable farm or ranch operation and
                                    the conservation values of the
                                    applicable easement;
                                        ``(II) will result in equal or
                                    increased conservation values;
                                        ``(III) is consistent with the
                                    original intent of the easement;
                                        ``(IV) is consistent with the
                                    purposes of the program; and
                                        ``(V) is in the public interest or
                                    furthers the practical administration
                                    of the program, including correcting
                                    errors, exercising reserved rights, and
                                    increasing flexibility to recognize
                                    changes in water availability or
                                    administration.
                                ``(ii) Limitation.--In modifying an
                            interest in land, or portion of such interest,
                            under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not,
                            except in the case of a modification that
                            includes a change to an easement to add
                            acreage, increase any payment to an eligible
                            entity.
                                ``(iii) NEPA compliance.--An action taken
                            pursuant to this subparagraph may not be
                            considered a major Federal action under section
                            102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy
                            Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)).
                        ``(B) Exchange.--
                                ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve
                            an exchange of any interest in land, or portion
                            of such interest, administered by the
                            Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the
                            Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program
                            if the Secretary determines that--
                                        ``(I) no reasonable alternative
                                    exists and the effect on the interest
                                    in land is avoided or minimized to the
                                    extent practicable; and
                                        ``(II) the exchange--
                                                ``(aa) results in equal or
                                            increased conservation values;
                                                ``(bb) results in equal or
                                            greater economic value to the
                                            United States;
                                                ``(cc) is consistent with
                                            the original intent of the
                                            easement;
                                                ``(dd) is consistent with
                                            the purposes of the program;
                                            and
                                                ``(ee) is in the public
                                            interest or furthers the
                                            practical administration of the
                                            program.
                                ``(ii) Limitation.--In exchanging an
                            interest in land, or portion of such interest,
                            under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not
                            increase any payment to an eligible entity.'';
                            and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) De minimis adjustments.--
                        ``(A) In general.--An eligible entity may make de
                    minimis adjustments to any interest in land, or a
                    portion of such interest, administered by the
                    Secretary, directly or on behalf of the Commodity
                    Credit Corporation, under the program if the
                    adjustment--
                                ``(i) furthers the practical administration
                            of the program; and
                                ``(ii) is not a subordination,
                            modification, exchange, or termination, as
                            determined by the Secretary.
                        ``(B) Types of de minimis adjustments.--De minimis
                    adjustments made under this paragraph may include title
                    corrections and other minor adjustments, including--
                                ``(i) typographical error corrections;
                                ``(ii) minor changes in legal descriptions
                            as a result of survey or mapping errors;
                                ``(iii) the transfer of an interest of an
                            eligible entity to another eligible entity;
                                ``(iv) changes to a building envelope
                            boundary;
                                ``(v) relocation of easement access;
                                ``(vi) authorization of temporary work
                            areas not associated with other easement
                            administration actions; and
                                ``(vii) other adjustments determined
                            appropriate by the Secretary.
                ``(7) Modification of eligible entity terms and
            conditions.--An eligible entity shall be authorized to modify a
            term or condition of an agricultural land easement that is the
            subject of an agreement entered into under section
            1265B(b)(4)(A) if such modification does not conflict with any
            minimum term or condition required by the Secretary under such
            section.''.
        (b) Adjusted Gross Income.--
                (1) Exemption.--Section 1265D of the Food Security Act of
            1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865D) is amended by adding at the end the
            following:
        ``(f) Adjusted Gross Income Exemption.--The adjusted gross income
    limitation described in section 1001D(b)(1) shall not apply to any
    payment or other assistance under this subtitle.''.
                (2) Calculation.--Section 1001D(b) of the Food Security Act
            of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308-3a(b)) is amended by adding at the end
            the following:
                ``(5) Exception for compensation under acep.--For purposes
            of this subsection, the adjusted gross income of a person or
            legal entity that is a landowner of eligible land (as defined
            in section 1265A) shall not include any income received as
            compensation for the acquisition of an agricultural land
            easement or a wetland reserve easement on that eligible land
            under subtitle H of title XII.''.

                Subtitle H--Forest Conservation Easement Program

    SEC. 2701. FOREST CONSERVATION EASEMENT PROGRAM.

        Title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.)
    is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subtitle I (16 U.S.C. 3871 et seq.) as
            subtitle J; and
                (2) by inserting after subtitle H (16 U.S.C. 3865 et seq.)
            the following:

               ``Subtitle I--Forest Conservation Easement Program

    ``SEC. 1267. ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSES.

        ``(a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a forest
    conservation easement program for the conservation and restoration of
    eligible land and natural resources through the acquisition of
    conservation easements or other interests in land.
        ``(b) Purposes.--The purposes of the program are--
                ``(1) to protect the viability and sustainability of
            working forest land, and related conservation values of
            eligible land, by limiting the negative effects of nonforest
            land uses of such land;
                ``(2) to protect and enhance forest ecosystem and landscape
            functions and values;
                ``(3) to promote the restoration, protection, and
            improvement of habitat of species that are threatened,
            endangered, or otherwise at risk; and
                ``(4) to carry out the purposes and functions of the
            healthy forests reserve program established under title V of
            the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et
            seq.), as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of
            this section.

    ``SEC. 1267A. DEFINITIONS.

        ``In this subtitle:
                ``(1) Acreage owned by an indian tribe.--The term `acreage
            owned by an Indian Tribe' means--
                        ``(A) land that is held in trust by the United
                    States for Indian Tribes or individual Indians;
                        ``(B) land, the title to which is held by Indian
                    Tribes or individual Indians subject to Federal
                    restrictions against alienation or encumbrance;
                        ``(C) land that is subject to rights of use,
                    occupancy, and benefit of certain Indian Tribes;
                        ``(D) land that is held in fee title by an Indian
                    Tribe;
                        ``(E) land that is owned by a native corporation
                    formed under--
                                ``(i) section 17 of the Act of June 18,
                            1934 (commonly known as the `Indian
                            Reorganization Act') (25 U.S.C. 5124); or
                                ``(ii) section 8 of the Alaska Native
                            Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1607); and
                        ``(F) a combination of 1 or more types of land
                    described in subparagraphs (A) through (E).
                ``(2) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                        ``(A) an agency of State or local government or an
                    Indian Tribe (including a land resource council
                    established under State law); or
                        ``(B) an organization that is--
                                ``(i) organized for, and at all times since
                            the formation of the organization has been
                            operated principally for, 1 or more of the
                            conservation purposes specified in clause (i),
                            (ii), (iii), or (iv) of section 170(h)(4)(A) of
                            the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
                                ``(ii) an organization described in section
                            501(c)(3) of that Code that is exempt from
                            taxation under section 501(a) of that Code; or
                                ``(iii) described in--
                                        ``(I) paragraph (1) or (2) of
                                    section 509(a) of that Code; or
                                        ``(II) section 509(a)(3) of that
                                    Code and is controlled by an
                                    organization described in section
                                    509(a)(2) of that Code.
                ``(3) Eligible land.--The term `eligible land' means
            private land or acreage owned by an Indian Tribe--
                        ``(A) that is--
                                ``(i) forest land; or
                                ``(ii) being restored to forest land;
                        ``(B) in the case of a forest land easement--
                                ``(i) the enrollment of which would protect
                            working forests and related conservation values
                            by conserving land; or
                                ``(ii) the protection of which will further
                            a State or local policy consistent with the
                            purposes of the program; and
                        ``(C) in the case of a forest reserve easement, the
                    enrollment of which will maintain, restore, enhance, or
                    otherwise measurably--
                                ``(i) increase the likelihood of recovery
                            of a species that is listed as endangered or
                            threatened under section 4 of the Endangered
                            Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533); or
                                ``(ii) improve the well-being of a species
                            that is--
                                        ``(I) not listed as endangered or
                                    threatened under that section; and
                                        ``(II)(aa) a candidate for that
                                    listing, a State-listed species, or a
                                    special concern species; or
                                        ``(bb) designated as a species of
                                    greatest conservation need by a State
                                    wildlife action plan.
                ``(4) Forest land easement.--The term `forest land
            easement' means an easement or other interest in eligible land
            that--
                        ``(A) is conveyed to an eligible entity for the
                    purpose of protecting natural resources and the forest
                    nature of the eligible land; and
                        ``(B) permits the landowner the right to continue
                    working forest production and related uses, consistent
                    with an applicable forest management plan.
                ``(5) Forest management plan.--The term `forest management
            plan' means--
                        ``(A) a forest stewardship plan described in
                    section 5(f) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act
                    of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2103a(f));
                        ``(B) another plan approved by the applicable State
                    forester or State forestry agency;
                        ``(C) a plan developed under a third-party
                    certification system determined appropriate by the
                    Secretary; or
                        ``(D) another plan determined appropriate by the
                    Secretary.
                ``(6) Forest reserve easement.--The term `forest reserve
            easement' means an easement or other interest in eligible land
            that--
                        ``(A) is conveyed to the Secretary for the purpose
                    of protecting natural resources and the forest nature
                    of the eligible land; and
                        ``(B) permits the landowner the right to continue
                    working forest production and related uses consistent
                    with the applicable forest reserve easement plan
                    developed under section 1267C(c)(1)(A).
                ``(7) Program.--The term `program' means the forest
            conservation easement program established under this subtitle.
                ``(8) Socially disadvantaged forest landowner.--The term
            `socially disadvantaged forest landowner' means a forest
            landowner who is a member of a socially disadvantaged group (as
            defined in section 2501(a) of the Food, Agriculture,
            Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))).

    ``SEC. 1267B. FOREST LAND EASEMENTS.

        ``(a) Availability of Assistance.--The Secretary shall facilitate
    and provide funding for--
                ``(1) the purchase by eligible entities of forest land
            easements on eligible land;
                ``(2) the development of a forest management plan; and
                ``(3) technical assistance to implement this section.
        ``(b) Cost-Share Assistance.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall protect working
            forests, and related conservation values of eligible land,
            through cost-share assistance to eligible entities for
            purchasing forest land easements.
                ``(2) Scope of assistance available.--
                        ``(A) Federal share.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii), an agreement described in
                            paragraph (4) shall provide for a Federal share
                            of 50 percent of the fair market value of the
                            forest land easement, as determined by the
                            Secretary.
                                ``(ii) Exception.--An agreement described
                            in paragraph (4) may provide for a Federal
                            share of not more than 75 percent of the fair
                            market value of a forest land easement in the
                            case of eligible land that is--
                                        ``(I) a forest of special
                                    environmental significance, as
                                    determined by the Secretary; or
                                        ``(II) owned by a socially
                                    disadvantaged forest landowner.
                        ``(B) Non-federal share.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Under an agreement
                            described in paragraph (4), the eligible entity
                            shall provide a non-Federal share that is
                            equivalent to the remainder of the fair market
                            value of the forest land easement not provided
                            by the Secretary under subparagraph (A).
                                ``(ii) Permissible forms.--The non-Federal
                            share provided by an eligible entity under this
                            paragraph may comprise--
                                        ``(I) cash resources;
                                        ``(II) a charitable donation or
                                    qualified conservation contribution (as
                                    defined in section 170(h) of the
                                    Internal Revenue Code of 1986) from the
                                    private forest landowner from which the
                                    forest land easement will be purchased;
                                        ``(III) costs associated with
                                    securing a deed to the forest land
                                    easement, including the cost of
                                    appraisal, survey, inspection, and
                                    title; and
                                        ``(IV) other costs, as determined
                                    by the Secretary.
                        ``(C) Determination of fair market value.--For
                    purposes of this paragraph, the Secretary shall
                    determine the fair market value of a forest land
                    easement using--
                                ``(i) the Uniform Standards of Professional
                            Appraisal Practice;
                                ``(ii) an areawide market analysis or
                            survey; or
                                ``(iii) another industry-approved method.
                ``(3) Evaluation and ranking of applications.--
                        ``(A) Criteria.--The Secretary shall establish
                    evaluation and ranking criteria to maximize the benefit
                    of Federal investment under the program.
                        ``(B) Priority.--In evaluating applications under
                    the program, the Secretary shall give priority to an
                    application for the purchase of a forest land
                    easement--
                                ``(i) that maintains the viability of a
                            working forest, as determined by the Secretary;
                            and
                                ``(ii) on eligible land for which a forest
                            management plan has been developed at the time
                            of application.
                        ``(C) Considerations.--In establishing the criteria
                    under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall emphasize
                    support for--
                                ``(i) protecting working forests and
                            related conservation values of eligible land;
                                ``(ii) reducing fragmentation of forest
                            land; and
                                ``(iii) maximizing the areas protected from
                            conversion to nonforest uses.
                ``(4) Agreements with eligible entities.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into
                    agreements with eligible entities to stipulate the
                    terms and conditions under which the eligible entity is
                    permitted to use cost-share assistance provided under
                    this section.
                        ``(B) Length of agreements.--An agreement under
                    subparagraph (A) shall be for a term that is not less
                    than 3, but not more than 5, years, unless the
                    Secretary determines that a longer term is justified.
                        ``(C) Minimum terms and conditions.--An eligible
                    entity shall be authorized to use its own terms and
                    conditions for forest land easements so long as the
                    Secretary determines such terms and conditions--
                                ``(i) are consistent with--
                                        ``(I) the purposes of the program;
                                    and
                                        ``(II) the forestry activities to
                                    be conducted on the eligible land;
                                ``(ii) permit effective enforcement of the
                            conservation purposes of the forest land
                            easements;
                                ``(iii) include a requirement to implement
                            a forest management plan on eligible land
                            subject to a forest land easement;
                                ``(iv) include a limit on the impervious
                            surfaces to be allowed that is consistent with
                            the forestry activities to be conducted; and
                                ``(v) include a right of enforcement for
                            the Secretary that--
                                        ``(I) may be used only if the terms
                                    and conditions of the forest land
                                    easement are not enforced by the
                                    eligible entity; and
                                        ``(II) does not extend to a right
                                    of inspection unless--
                                                ``(aa)(AA) the holder of
                                            the forest land easement fails
                                            to provide monitoring reports
                                            in a timely manner; or
                                                ``(BB) the Secretary has a
                                            reasonable and articulable
                                            belief that the terms and
                                            conditions of the forest land
                                            easement have been violated;
                                            and
                                                ``(bb) prior to the
                                            inspection, the Secretary
                                            notifies the eligible entity
                                            and the landowner of the
                                            inspection and provides a
                                            reasonable opportunity for the
                                            eligible entity and the
                                            landowner to participate in the
                                            inspection.
                        ``(D) Additional permitted terms and conditions.--
                    An eligible entity may include terms and conditions for
                    a forest land easement that--
                                ``(i) are intended to keep the eligible
                            land subject to the forest land easement in
                            active forest management, as determined by the
                            Secretary;
                                ``(ii) allow subsurface mineral development
                            on the eligible land subject to the forest land
                            easement and in accordance with applicable
                            State law if, as determined by the Secretary--
                                        ``(I) the subsurface mineral
                                    development--
                                                ``(aa) has a limited and
                                            localized impact;
                                                ``(bb) does not harm the
                                            forest use and conservation
                                            values of the eligible land
                                            subject to the forest land
                                            easement;
                                                ``(cc) does not materially
                                            alter or affect the existing
                                            topography;
                                                ``(dd) complies with a
                                            subsurface mineral development
                                            plan that--

                                                        ``(AA) includes a
                                                    plan for the
                                                    remediation of impacts
                                                    to the forest use and
                                                    conservation values of
                                                    the eligible land
                                                    subject to the forest
                                                    land easement; and

                                                        ``(BB) is approved
                                                    by the Secretary prior
                                                    to the initiation of
                                                    mineral development
                                                    activity;

                                                ``(ee) is not accomplished
                                            by any surface mining method;
                                                ``(ff) is within the
                                            impervious surface limits of
                                            the forest land easement under
                                            subparagraph (C)(iv); and
                                                ``(gg) uses practices and
                                            technologies that minimize the
                                            duration and intensity of
                                            impacts to the forest use and
                                            conservation values of the
                                            eligible land subject to the
                                            forest land easement; and
                                        ``(II) each area impacted by the
                                    subsurface mineral development is
                                    reclaimed and restored by the holder of
                                    the mineral rights at cessation of
                                    operation; and
                                ``(iii) include other relevant activities
                            relating to the forest land easement, as
                            determined by the Secretary.
                        ``(E) Substitution of qualified projects.--An
                    agreement under subparagraph (A) shall allow, upon
                    mutual agreement of the parties, substitution of
                    qualified projects that are identified at the time of
                    the proposed substitution.
                        ``(F) Effect of violation.--If a violation of a
                    term or condition of an agreement under subparagraph
                    (A) occurs--
                                ``(i) the Secretary may terminate the
                            agreement; and
                                ``(ii) the Secretary may require the
                            eligible entity to refund all or part of any
                            payments received by the eligible entity under
                            the program, with interest on the payments as
                            determined appropriate by the Secretary.
                ``(5) Forest management plan.--
                        ``(A) In general.--If the eligible land does not
                    have a forest management plan at the time of
                    application, prior to the acquisition of the forest
                    land easement the landowner shall develop, in
                    partnership with the eligible entity, a forest
                    management plan for the land subject to the forest land
                    easement.
                        ``(B) Reimbursement.--The Secretary may reimburse
                    the landowner for the cost of the development of a
                    forest management plan for eligible land enrolled under
                    this section.
        ``(c) Method of Enrollment.--The Secretary shall enroll eligible
    land under this section through the use of--
                ``(1) permanent easements; or
                ``(2) easements for the maximum duration allowed under
            applicable State laws.
        ``(d) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary may provide technical
    assistance, on request, to assist in compliance with the terms and
    conditions of forest land easements.

    ``SEC. 1267C. FOREST RESERVE EASEMENTS.

        ``(a) Availability of Assistance.--The Secretary shall provide
    assistance to owners of eligible land to restore, protect, and enhance
    eligible land through--
                ``(1) forest reserve easements and related forest reserve
            easement plans; and
                ``(2) technical assistance to implement this section.
        ``(b) Easements.--
                ``(1) Method of enrollment.--
                        ``(A) Authorized methods.--The Secretary shall
                    enroll eligible land under this section--
                                ``(i) through the use of--
                                        ``(I) permanent easements;
                                        ``(II) 30-year easements; and
                                        ``(III) easements for the maximum
                                    duration allowed under applicable State
                                    laws; and
                                ``(ii) in the case of acreage owned by an
                            Indian Tribe, through the use of--
                                        ``(I) 30-year contracts (the
                                    compensation for which shall be
                                    equivalent to the compensation for 30-
                                    year easements); or
                                        ``(II) permanent easements.
                        ``(B) Limitation.--Not more than 10 percent of
                    amounts made available to carry out this section in a
                    fiscal year may be used for 30-year easements under
                    this section.
                ``(2) Evaluation and ranking of offers.--
                        ``(A) Criteria.--The Secretary shall establish
                    evaluation and ranking criteria for offers from
                    landowners under this section.
                        ``(B) Priority.--The Secretary shall give priority
                    to the enrollment of eligible land under this section
                    that provides the greatest conservation benefit to--
                                ``(i) primarily, species listed as
                            endangered or threatened under section 4 of the
                            Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C.
                            1533); and
                                ``(ii) secondarily, species that are--
                                        ``(I) not listed as endangered or
                                    threatened under that section; and
                                        ``(II)(aa) candidates for that
                                    listing, State-listed species, or
                                    special concern species; or
                                        ``(bb) designated as species of
                                    greatest conservation need by a State
                                    wildlife action plan.
                        ``(C) Other considerations.--The Secretary may give
                    additional consideration to eligible land the
                    enrollment under this section of which will--
                                ``(i) improve biological diversity;
                                ``(ii) restore native forest ecosystems;
                                ``(iii) conserve forest land that provides
                            habitat for species described in subparagraph
                            (B);
                                ``(iv) reduce fragmentation of forest land;
                            and
                                ``(v) increase carbon sequestration.
                ``(3) Terms and conditions of easements.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A forest reserve easement shall
                    include terms and conditions that--
                                ``(i) are consistent with the purposes of
                            the program and the forestry activities to be
                            conducted on the eligible land;
                                ``(ii) are consistent with the management
                            objectives of the owner of the eligible land
                            and the implementation of the forest reserve
                            easement plan developed under subsection
                            (c)(1)(A);
                                ``(iii) permit effective enforcement of the
                            conservation purposes of the forest reserve
                            easements;
                                ``(iv) provide for the efficient and
                            effective establishment or enhancement of
                            forest ecosystem functions and values; and
                                ``(v) include such additional provisions as
                            the Secretary determines are desirable to carry
                            out the program or facilitate the practical
                            administration of the program.
                        ``(B) Requested terms and conditions.--An owner of
                    eligible land may request that a term or condition be
                    included in a forest reserve easement, and the
                    Secretary may include such term or condition, if it--
                                ``(i) is consistent with the management
                            objectives of the owner of the eligible land
                            and the implementation of the forest reserve
                            easement plan developed under subsection
                            (c)(1)(A); and
                                ``(ii) does not conflict with any terms or
                            conditions included under subparagraph (A).
                ``(4) Compensation.--
                        ``(A) Permanent easements.--In the case of eligible
                    land enrolled in a permanent easement under this
                    section, the Secretary shall pay the owner of the
                    eligible land an amount equal to the difference
                    between, as determined by the Secretary--
                                ``(i) the fair market value of the eligible
                            land before the enrollment in the permanent
                            easement; and
                                ``(ii) the fair market value of the
                            eligible land as encumbered by the permanent
                            easement.
                        ``(B) Other.--The Secretary shall pay the owner of
                    eligible land enrolled under this section in a 30-year
                    contract, a 30-year easement, or an easement for the
                    maximum duration allowed under applicable State laws,
                    not less than 50 percent, and not more than 75 percent,
                    of the compensation that would be paid under
                    subparagraph (A) if the land were being enrolled in a
                    permanent easement.
                        ``(C) Determination of fair market value.--The
                    Secretary shall determine the fair market value of
                    eligible land for purposes of this paragraph using the
                    Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice or
                    another industry-approved method.
        ``(c) Easement Restoration and Management.--
                ``(1) Forest reserve easement plan.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Land enrolled in a forest
                    reserve easement shall be subject to a forest reserve
                    easement plan, to be developed jointly by the landowner
                    and the Secretary, that describes such activities to be
                    carried out on the land as are necessary to restore,
                    maintain, and enhance habitat for species described in
                    subsection (b)(2)(B).
                        ``(B) Practices and measures.--A forest reserve
                    easement plan developed under subparagraph (A) shall
                    require implementation of such practices and measures
                    as are necessary to accomplish the activities described
                    in the plan under such subparagraph, which may
                    include--
                                ``(i) vegetative management and
                            silviculture practices;
                                ``(ii) structural practices and measures;
                                ``(iii) practices to increase carbon
                            sequestration;
                                ``(iv) practices to improve biological
                            diversity; and
                                ``(v) other practices and measures, as
                            determined by the Secretary.
                ``(2) Financial assistance.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide
                    financial assistance to owners of eligible land to
                    carry out the activities, practices, and measures
                    described in the forest reserve easement plan developed
                    for the eligible land under paragraph (1).
                        ``(B) Payments.--With respect to financial
                    assistance provided under subparagraph (A), the
                    Secretary shall pay--
                                ``(i) in the case of a forest reserve
                            easement plan for eligible land enrolled in a
                            permanent easement, an amount that is not more
                            than 100 percent of the eligible costs
                            described in subparagraph (C), as determined by
                            the Secretary; and
                                ``(ii) in the case of a forest reserve
                            easement plan for eligible land enrolled in a
                            30-year contract, a 30-year easement, or an
                            easement for the maximum duration allowed under
                            applicable State laws, an amount that is not
                            less than 50 percent, and not more than 75
                            percent, of the eligible costs described in
                            subparagraph (C), as determined by the
                            Secretary.
                        ``(C) Eligible costs.--Costs eligible for payments
                    under this paragraph are the costs of activities,
                    practices, and measures referred to in subparagraph (A)
                    that are associated with the restoration or enhancement
                    of the habitat conditions specified for the applicable
                    species in the forest reserve easement plan.
                        ``(D) Timing of payments.--Payments under this
                    paragraph shall be made--
                                ``(i) only on a determination by the
                            Secretary that an activity, practice, or
                            measure described in subparagraph (C) has been
                            established in compliance with appropriate
                            standards and specifications, which
                            determination shall be made as soon as
                            practicable after establishment; and
                                ``(ii) as soon as possible after such
                            determination is made.
                        ``(E) Limitations.--Financial assistance provided
                    by the Secretary under this paragraph to an owner of
                    eligible land may not exceed $500,000 per easement or
                    contract.
        ``(d) Technical Assistance.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide to owners of
            eligible land technical assistance to assist the owners in--
                        ``(A) developing a forest reserve easement plan;
                    and
                        ``(B) complying with the terms and conditions of a
                    forest reserve easement, including the implementation
                    of a forest reserve easement plan.
                ``(2) Contracts or agreements.--The Secretary may enter
            into 1 or more contracts with private entities or agreements
            with a State, nongovernmental organization, or Indian Tribe to
            provide technical assistance described in paragraph (1), if the
            Secretary determines that the contract or agreement will
            advance the purposes of the program.
        ``(e) Protections and Measures.--
                ``(1) Protections.--In the case of a landowner who enrolls
            eligible land in a forest reserve easement, and whose
            conservation activities under the forest reserve easement plan
            developed for such land result in a net conservation benefit
            for a species described in subsection (b)(2)(B), the Secretary
            shall make available to the landowner safe harbor or similar
            assurances and protection under--
                        ``(A) section 7(b)(4) of the Endangered Species Act
                    of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1536(b)(4)); or
                        ``(B) section 10(a)(1) of that Act (16 U.S.C.
                    1539(a)(1)).
                ``(2) Measures.--If protection under paragraph (1) requires
            the taking of measures that are in addition to the measures
            covered by the forest reserve easement plan developed for the
            eligible land, the cost of the additional measures, and the
            cost of any permit, shall be considered costs eligible for
            payments under subsection (c)(2).
        ``(f) Administration.--
                ``(1) Delegation of easement administration.--
                        ``(A) Federal and state agencies.--The Secretary
                    may delegate any of the management, monitoring, and
                    enforcement responsibilities of the Secretary under
                    this section to other Federal or State agencies that
                    have the appropriate authority, expertise, and
                    resources necessary to carry out those delegated
                    responsibilities.
                        ``(B) Conservation organizations.--The Secretary
                    may delegate any of the management responsibilities of
                    the Secretary under this section to a nonprofit
                    conservation organization if the Secretary determines
                    the organization has the appropriate expertise and
                    resources necessary to carry out those delegated
                    responsibilities.
                ``(2) Involvement by other agencies and organizations.--In
            carrying out this section, the Secretary may consult with--
                        ``(A) private forest landowners;
                        ``(B) other Federal agencies;
                        ``(C) State forestry agencies;
                        ``(D) State fish and wildlife agencies;
                        ``(E) State environmental quality agencies;
                        ``(F) other State conservation agencies; and
                        ``(G) nonprofit conservation organizations.

    ``SEC. 1267D. ADMINISTRATION.

        ``(a) Ineligible Land.--The Secretary shall not use amounts made
    available to carry out the program for the purposes of acquiring an
    easement on--
                ``(1) land owned by a Federal agency, other than such land
            that is acreage owned by an Indian Tribe;
                ``(2) land owned in fee title by a State, including an
            agency or a subdivision of a State, or a unit of local
            government;
                ``(3) land subject to an easement or deed restriction that,
            as determined by the Secretary, provides similar protection as
            would be provided by enrollment in the program; or
                ``(4) land the enrollment in the program of which would
            undermine the purposes of the program due to on-site or off-
            site conditions, such as risk of hazardous substances,
            permitted or existing rights of way, infrastructure
            development, or adjacent land uses.
        ``(b) Subordination, Exchange, Modification, and Termination.--
                ``(1) Subordination.--The Secretary may subordinate any
            interest in eligible land, or portion of such an interest,
            administered by the Secretary (including for the purposes of
            utilities and energy transmission services) directly or on
            behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation under the program if
            the Secretary determines that the subordination--
                        ``(A) increases conservation values or has a
                    limited negative effect on conservation values;
                        ``(B) minimally affects the acreage subject to the
                    interest in eligible land; and
                        ``(C) is in the public interest or furthers the
                    practical administration of the program.
                ``(2) Modification and exchange of interest in land.--
                        ``(A) Modification.--
                                ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve
                            a modification of any interest in land, or
                            portion of such interest, administered by the
                            Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the
                            Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program
                            if the Secretary determines that the
                            modification--
                                        ``(I) will support the viability
                                    and sustainability of working forests
                                    and the conservation values of the
                                    applicable easement;
                                        ``(II) will result in equal or
                                    increased conservation values;
                                        ``(III) is consistent with the
                                    original intent of the easement;
                                        ``(IV) is consistent with the
                                    purposes of the program; and
                                        ``(V) is in the public interest or
                                    furthers the practical administration
                                    of the program, including correcting
                                    errors and exercising reserved rights.
                                ``(ii) Limitation.--In modifying an
                            interest in land, or portion of such interest,
                            under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not,
                            except in the case of a modification that
                            includes a change to an easement to add
                            acreage, increase any payment to an eligible
                            entity.
                        ``(B) Exchange.--
                                ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve
                            an exchange of any interest in land, or portion
                            of such interest, administered by the
                            Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the
                            Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program
                            if the Secretary determines that--
                                        ``(I) no reasonable alternative
                                    exists and the effect on the interest
                                    in land is avoided or minimized to the
                                    extent practicable; and
                                        ``(II) the exchange--
                                                ``(aa) results in equal or
                                            increased conservation values;
                                                ``(bb) results in equal or
                                            greater economic value to the
                                            United States;
                                                ``(cc) is consistent with
                                            the original intent of the
                                            easement;
                                                ``(dd) is consistent with
                                            the purposes of the program;
                                            and
                                                ``(ee) is in the public
                                            interest or furthers the
                                            practical administration of the
                                            program.
                                ``(ii) Limitation.--In exchanging an
                            interest in land, or portion of such interest,
                            under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not
                            increase any payment to an eligible entity.
                ``(3) Termination.--The Secretary may approve a termination
            of any interest in eligible land, or portion of such an
            interest, administered by the Secretary, directly or on behalf
            of the Commodity Credit Corporation under the program if the
            Secretary determines that--
                        ``(A) termination is in the interest of the Federal
                    Government;
                        ``(B) the United States will be fully compensated
                    for--
                                ``(i) the value of the interest in the
                            land, as determined by the Secretary;
                                ``(ii) any costs relating to the
                            termination; and
                                ``(iii) any damages determined appropriate
                            by the Secretary; and
                        ``(C) the termination will--
                                ``(i) address a compelling public need for
                            which there is no practicable alternative even
                            with avoidance and minimization; and
                                ``(ii) further the practical administration
                            of the program.
                ``(4) Consent.--The Secretary shall obtain consent from the
            landowner and eligible entity, if applicable, for any
            subordination, exchange, modification, or termination of an
            interest in eligible land, or portion of such an interest,
            under this subsection.
                ``(5) Notice.--Not fewer than 90 days before taking any
            termination action described in paragraph (3), the Secretary
            shall provide written notice of that action to the Committee on
            Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee
            on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.
        ``(c) Land Enrolled in Other Programs.--In accordance with the
    provisions of section 2702 of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
    of 2026, land enrolled in the healthy forests reserve program
    established under title V of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of
    2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) on the day before the date of enactment
    of this section shall be considered enrolled in the program.''.

    SEC. 2702. HEALTHY FORESTS RESERVE PROGRAM.

        (a) Repeal.--
                (1) In general.--Title V of the Healthy Forests Restoration
            Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) is repealed.
                (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents in section
            1(b) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (Public Law
            108-148; 117 Stat. 1887) is amended by striking the items
            relating to title V.
        (b) Transitional Provisions.--
                (1) Effect on existing contracts, agreements, and
            easements.--The repeal made by subsection (a) shall not affect
            the validity or terms of any contract, agreement, or easement
            entered into by the Secretary under title V of the Healthy
            Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) before
            the date of enactment of this Act, or any payments or technical
            assistance required to be made in connection with the contract,
            agreement, or easement.
                (2) Funding.--
                        (A) Use of prior year funds.--Notwithstanding the
                    repeal made by subsection (a), any funds made available
                    from the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out the
                    healthy forests reserve program established under title
                    V of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
                    U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) (as in effect on the day before
                    the date of enactment of this Act) for any of fiscal
                    years 2019 through 2025 shall be made available to
                    carry out contracts, agreements, or easements referred
                    to in paragraph (1), subject to the condition that no
                    such contract, agreement, or easement may be modified
                    so as to increase the amount of any payment received.
                        (B) Other.--The Secretary may use funds made
                    available to carry out the forest conservation easement
                    program established under subtitle I of the Food
                    Security Act of 1985 to continue to carry out
                    contracts, agreements, or easements referred to in
                    paragraph (1) using the provisions of law (including
                    regulations) applicable to those contracts, agreements,
                    and easements as in existence on the day before the
                    date of enactment of this Act.

             Subtitle I--Regional Conservation Partnership Program

    SEC. 2801. ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSES.

        Section 1271(b)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3871(b)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(2) To address natural resource concerns on eligible land
            on a regional or watershed scale, including through--
                        ``(A) the conservation, protection, restoration,
                    and sustainable use of soil;
                        ``(B) the conservation and protection of water,
                    including sources of drinking water and groundwater;
                        ``(C) the prevention and mitigation of the effects
                    of flooding and drought, and the improvement or
                    expansion of flood resiliency; and
                        ``(D) the conservation of wildlife, agricultural
                    land, and related natural resources.''.

    SEC. 2802. DEFINITIONS.

        Section 1271A(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3871a(1)) is amended by striking subparagraph (D) and inserting the
    following:
                        ``(D) The forest conservation easement program
                    established under subtitle I.''.

    SEC. 2803. REGIONAL CONSERVATION PARTNERSHIPS.

        (a) Partnership Agreements Authorized.--Section 1271B(a) of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b(a)) is amended to read as
    follows:
        ``(a) Partnership Agreements Authorized.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may enter into a
            partnership agreement with an eligible partner to implement a
            project that will assist producers with installing and
            maintaining an eligible activity on eligible land.
                ``(2) Streamlining required.--The Secretary shall ensure
            that a partnership agreement under paragraph (1)--
                        ``(A) is entered into not later than 180 days after
                    the date on which an application is selected under
                    subsection (e); and
                        ``(B) contains only--
                                ``(i) the information, described under
                            subsection (e)(3), necessary to fund and
                            initiate the project to be implemented under
                            the partnership agreement; and
                                ``(ii) any adjustments to the requirements
                            of a covered program determined necessary by
                            the Secretary under paragraph (2) of section
                            1271E(f), and any waiver provided under
                            paragraph (3) of such section.
                ``(3) Process for requesting waivers and adjustments.--The
            Secretary shall make available information on the process for
            requesting a waiver or an adjustment to the requirements of a
            covered program pursuant to section 1271E(f).''.
        (b) Duties of Secretary.--Section 1271B(d) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b(d)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking ``how the Secretary
            used amounts reserved by the Secretary for that year for
            technical assistance under section 1271D(f); and'' and
            inserting ``the use of funds for technical assistance under
            section 1271D(c);'';
                (2) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end and
            inserting ``; and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) ensure payments to eligible partners under a
            partnership agreement are made not later than 30 days after the
            date on which the eligible partner submits to the Secretary a
            request for payment.''.
        (c) Applications.--Section 1271B(e)(3) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b(e)(3)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (F);
            and
                (3) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
                        ``(E) any requests by an eligible partner for a
                    waiver or an adjustment to the requirements of a
                    covered program pursuant to section 1271E(f); and''.

    SEC. 2804. ASSISTANCE TO PRODUCERS.

        Section 1271C(d)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C.
    3871c(d)(3)) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C);
                (2) in subparagraph (A)(iv), by striking the ``and'' at the
            end; and
                (3) by inserting after subparagraph (A)(iv) the following:
                        ``(B) provide, under section 1271B(c)(2), not less
                    than 50 percent of the overall costs of the scope of
                    the project that is the subject of a partnership
                    agreement funded pursuant to paragraph (1) in direct
                    funding; and''.

    SEC. 2805. FUNDING.

        (a) Allocation of Funding.--Section 1271D of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871d) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsections (a) and (b);
                (2) by redesignating subsections (c), (d), and (e) as
            subsections (a), (b), and (c), respectively; and
                (3) in subsection (a), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``subsection (a)'' and inserting ``section 1241(a)(6)''.
        (b) Limitation on Administrative Expenses.--Subsection (b) of
    section 1271D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871d), as so
    redesignated, is amended to read as follows:
        ``(b) Limitation on Administrative Expenses.--
                ``(1) In general.--Of the funds made available to implement
            a project under a partnership agreement, the Secretary may use
            not more than ten percent to reimburse the eligible partner for
            administrative expenses relating to the project.
                ``(2) Consideration.--Any amounts expended by an eligible
            partner for administrative expenses that are not reimbursed
            under paragraph (1) may be considered to be a part of the
            contribution of the eligible partner under section
            1271B(c)(2).''.
        (c) Technical Assistance.--Subsection (c) of section 1271D of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871d), as so redesignated, is
    amended to read as follows:
        ``(c) Technical Assistance.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall, through a
            partnership agreement, identify--
                        ``(A) the total amount of funds that will be used
                    for technical assistance; and
                        ``(B) the share of such funds that will be provided
                    to eligible partners under paragraph (2).
                ``(2) Provision of assistance.--
                        ``(A) Reimbursement.--Under a partnership agreement
                    that is not funded through an alternative funding
                    arrangement or grant agreement under section 1271C(d),
                    the Secretary may reimburse eligible partners for the
                    costs of technical assistance provided through such
                    partnership agreement, including--
                                ``(i) the costs of technical assistance
                            needed to facilitate the maximum conservation
                            benefit of the applicable project;
                                ``(ii) the costs of providing outreach and
                            education to producers for potential
                            participation in the applicable project;
                                ``(iii) the costs of establishing baseline
                            metrics to support the development of the
                            assessment required under section
                            1271B(c)(1)(E); and
                                ``(iv) other costs necessary to support the
                            implementation of eligible activities, as
                            determined by the Secretary.
                        ``(B) Advancement of funds.--The Secretary may
                    advance to eligible partners reasonable amounts of
                    funds for costs that may be reimbursed under
                    subparagraph (A), as determined by the Secretary.
                ``(3) Limitation.--The Secretary shall limit costs of the
            Secretary for technical assistance to costs necessary to carry
            out the objectives of the program.
                ``(4) Reduction of administrative barriers.--The Secretary
            shall provide a single, simplified process for reimbursements
            or advancements to eligible partners for the costs of technical
            assistance under this subsection.
                ``(5) Third-party providers.--The Secretary shall develop
            and implement strategies to encourage third-party technical
            service providers to provide technical assistance to eligible
            partners pursuant to a partnership agreement.''.

    SEC. 2806. ADMINISTRATION.

        (a) Reporting.--Section 1271E(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985
    (16 U.S.C. 3871e(b)) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1)
    by inserting ``make publicly available and'' after ``the Secretary
    shall''.
        (b) Consistency With Covered Program Rules.--Section 1271E of the
    Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871e) is amended by adding at the
    end the following:
        ``(f) Consistency With Covered Program Requirements.--
                ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in this subsection,
            the Secretary shall ensure that the terms and conditions of a
            program contract are consistent with the requirements of the
            applicable covered program to be used as part of the applicable
            partnership agreement.
                ``(2) Adjustments.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may, if the
                    Secretary determines necessary, adjust a regulatory
                    requirement of a covered program to be used as a part
                    of a partnership agreement, or related guidance, as it
                    applies to an eligible activity carried out under a
                    program contract entered into pursuant to the
                    partnership agreement--
                                ``(i) to provide a simplified process; or
                                ``(ii) to better reflect unique local
                            circumstances.
                        ``(B) Limitation.--The Secretary shall not adjust
                    the application of statutory requirements for a covered
                    program to be used as a part of a partnership
                    agreement, including requirements governing appeals,
                    payment limits, and conservation compliance.
                ``(3) Waiver.--With respect to a program contract for an
            eligible activity under the agricultural conservation easement
            program, the Secretary may, in the applicable partnership
            agreement, waive the application of clauses (ii) or (iii)(III)
            of section 1265A(4)(A) for purposes of determining the
            eligibility of land.
                ``(4) Certification applicability.--With respect to a
            partnership agreement entered into for acquisition of
            easements, the Secretary shall apply the authorities applicable
            to the eligible partner under section 1265B(b)(5)(A) if the
            eligible partner is an eligible entity certified under such
            section.
                ``(5) Exemption.--With respect to a program contract that
            includes an eligible activity under the environmental quality
            incentives program to be installed and maintained in a State in
            which irrigation has not been used significantly for
            agricultural purposes, as determined by the Secretary, the
            Secretary may not consider prior irrigation history when
            determining the eligibility of land.
                ``(6) Application.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to
            partnership agreements funded pursuant to section 1271C(d).''.

    SEC. 2807. CRITICAL CONSERVATION AREAS.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 1271F(a)(2)(C) of the Food Security Act
    of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871f(a)(2)(C)) is amended by inserting ``,
    including restoration and enhancement of wildlife habitat connectivity
    and wildlife migration corridors'' before the semicolon at the end.
        (b) Applications.--Section 1271F(b) of the Food Security Act of
    1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871f(b)) is amended by striking ``funds under section
    1271D(d)(2)'' and inserting ``funds allocated under section
    1271D(a)(2)''.

                                TITLE III--TRADE

                         Subtitle A--Food for Peace Act

    SEC. 3101. TRANSFER OF AUTHORITIES TO THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE.

        (a) In General.--Section 201 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C.
    1721) is amended by striking ``(to be implemented by the
    Administrator)'' and inserting ``(to be implemented by the
    Secretary)''.
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--
                (1) Emergency and private assistance programs.--Sections
            202, 203, 205, 207, and 208 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C.
            1722, 1723, 1725, 1726a, and 1726b) are each amended by
            striking ``Administrator'' each place it appears and inserting
            ``Secretary''.
                (2) Food for development.--Title III of the Food for Peace
            Act (7 U.S.C. 1727 et seq.) is amended by striking
            ``Administrator'' each place it appears and inserting
            ``Secretary''.
                (3) Definitions.--Section 402 of the Food for Peace Act (7
            U.S.C. 1732) is amended--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (1); and
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (9) as
                    paragraphs (1) through (8), respectively.
                (4) General provisions.--Sections 403 and 404 of the Food
            for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1733 and 1734) are each amended--
                        (A) by striking ``or the Administrator, as
                    appropriate,'' each place it appears;
                        (B) in section 403(h), by striking ``or
                    Administrator''; and
                        (C) in section 404(d), by striking ``or the
                    Administrator''.
                (5) Consultation.--Section 405 of the Food for Peace Act (7
            U.S.C. 1735) is repealed.
        (c) Transfer of Assets and Liabilities.--The Food for Peace Act (7
    U.S.C. 1691 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new
    title:

                        ``TITLE VII--TRANSFER PROVISIONS

    ``SEC. 701. TRANSFER OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES FROM USAID TO SECRETARY
                  OF AGRICULTURE.

        ``On and after the date of the enactment of this title, the assets,
    liabilities, orders, determinations, permits, grants, loans, contracts,
    agreements, certificates, and licenses of the Administrator of the
    United States Agency for International Development, pursuant to any
    authority under this Act on or after January 1, 2026, shall be
    transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture.

    ``SEC. 702. TRANSFER OF OTHER AUTHORITIES.

        ``On and after the date of the enactment of this title, any
    authority or responsibility provided by any other provision of law that
    was or could have been used by the Administrator of the United States
    Agency for International Development, prior to such date of enactment
    to carry out any function, duty, or responsibility under this Act may
    be exercised by the Secretary of Agriculture. A reference to such
    Administrator or to such Agency in any provision of law or regulation
    relating to any authority or responsibility described in the preceding
    sentence shall be deemed to be a reference to the Secretary of
    Agriculture or the Department of Agriculture, respectively.

    ``SEC. 703. RULES AND REGULATIONS.

        ``Beginning on the date of the enactment of this title, the
    Secretary of Agriculture shall promulgate or amend such rules and
    regulations (including by issuing or re-issuing interim final rules) as
    the Secretary may determine appropriate, including by amending such
    rules and regulations issued by the Administrator of the United States
    Agency for International Development with respect to the authorities
    and responsibilities provided by this Act and as in effect on the day
    before such date of enactment, in order to effectuate and complete the
    transfer of all functions and duties previously carried out by that
    Administrator to the Secretary.

    ``SEC. 704. CONSULTATION.

        ``The Secretary of Agriculture shall consult with the Secretary of
    State from time to time in carrying out the authorities under this
    Act.''.

    SEC. 3102. FOOD AID QUALITY ASSURANCE.

        Section 202 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1722), as amended
    by section 3101(b)(1), is further amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``any other provision of
            law'' and inserting ``any other provision of this Act'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(1), by inserting ``assistance,
            including in the form of'' before ``agricultural commodities'';
                (3) in subsection (b)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``Agency for
                    International Development'' and inserting ``Department
                    of Agriculture''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Agency'' and
                    inserting ``Department'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``or'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following new
                    paragraph:
                ``(3) a nongovernmental organization, as determined by the
            Secretary.'';
                (5) in subsection (e), by adding at the end the following
            new paragraph:
                ``(5) Limitation on diversion of funds.--Of the funds made
            available in each fiscal year under this title to the
            Secretary, not more than 50 percent may be made available for
            expenses other than the procurement of United States-grown
            agricultural commodities and ocean transportation of such
            commodities.''; and
                (6) in subsection (h)(3), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 3103. REPEAL OF MINIMUM LEVELS OF ASSISTANCE.

        Section 204 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1724) is repealed.

    SEC. 3104. FOOD AID CONSULTATIVE GROUP.

        Section 205 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1725), as amended
    by section 3101(b)(1), is further amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ``the Agency for
            International Development'' and inserting ``the Department of
            Agriculture'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(4), by striking ``Agency'' and
            inserting ``Secretary'';
                (3) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (2); and
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (8), as
                    amended, as paragraphs (2) through (7), respectively;
                    and
                (4) in subsection (f), by striking ``December 31, 2023''
            and inserting ``December 31, 2031''.

    SEC. 3105. ISSUANCE OF REGULATIONS; OVERSIGHT, MONITORING, AND
                  EVALUATION.

        Section 207 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726a), as amended
    by section 3101(b)(1), is further amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``the Agriculture
            Improvement Act of 2018'' and inserting ``the Farm, Food, and
            National Security Act of 2026'';
                (2) in subsection (d), by striking ``, in consultation with
            the Secretary,''; and
                (3) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``, in
                    consultation with the Secretary,''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``2023'' each
                    place it appears and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 3106. INTERNATIONAL FOOD RELIEF PARTNERSHIP.

        Section 208(f) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726b(f)) is
    amended to read as follows:
        ``(f) Availability of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts
    otherwise made available to carry out this section, of the funds made
    available in each fiscal year under this title to the Secretary, not
    less than $15,000,000 shall be made available in each of fiscal years
    2027 through 2031 to carry out this section, to remain available until
    expended.''.

    SEC. 3107. USE OF COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.

        Subsection (b) of section 406 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C.
    1736) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(b) Included Expenses.--With respect to commodities made
    available under titles II and III, the Commodity Credit Corporation may
    pay all associated and incidental costs of such commodities.''.

    SEC. 3108. PRE-POSITIONING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND ANNUAL
                  REPORT REGARDING FOOD AID PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES.

        Section 407 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736a) is amended--
                (1) by amending subsection (c)(1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) Acquisition.--The Secretary shall transfer, arrange
            for the transportation, and take other steps necessary to make
            available agricultural commodities to be provided under title
            II and title III.'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(2), by striking ``Administrator'' and
            inserting ``Secretary'';
                (3) in subsection (c)(3), by striking ``Agency for
            International Development'' and inserting ``Secretary'';
                (4) in subsection (c)(4)(A), by striking ``2023'' each
            place it appears and inserting ``2031'';
                (5) in subsection (c)(4), by striking ``Administrator''
            each place it appears and inserting ``Secretary'';
                (6) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1), by striking ``or the Administrator, as appropriate,'';
                (7) by amending subsection (f)(1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) Annual report.--Not later than April 1 of each fiscal
            year, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees
            of Congress a report regarding each program and activity
            carried out under this Act during the prior fiscal year.'';
                (8) in subsection (f)(2)--
                        (A) by striking subparagraph (I);
                        (B) by amending subparagraph (H) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(H) A statement of the amount of funds provided
                    to each eligible organization that received assistance
                    under this Act and the manner in which those funds were
                    used, including whether such use was for commodity
                    transportation or administrative costs.'';
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) through (H)
                    (as amended) as subparagraphs (F) through (I),
                    respectively; and
                        (D) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the
                    following new subparagraph:
                        ``(E) An assessment of activities specifically
                    targeting women and girls and the impact of those
                    activities in addressing the unique needs of women and
                    girls.''; and
                (9) by striking subsection (f)(3).

    SEC. 3109. DEADLINE FOR AGREEMENTS TO FINANCE SALES OR TO PROVIDE OTHER
                  ASSISTANCE.

        Section 408 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736b) is amended
    by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 3110. MINIMUM LEVEL OF NONEMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE.

        Section 412 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736f) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
        ``(f) Minimum Levels of Funding To Address Child Wasting.--
                ``(1) Minimum level.--For each of fiscal years 2027 through
            2031, in addition to amounts otherwise made available, not less
            than $200,000,000 of the amounts made available to carry out
            emergency food assistance programs under title II shall be
            expended for the procurement and distribution of ready-to-use
            therapeutic foods.
                ``(2) Applicability.--The minimum expenditure requirement
            under paragraph (1) shall only apply with respect to a fiscal
            year if--
                        ``(A) the most recent Joint Child Malnutrition
                    Estimates, published annually by the World Health
                    Organization, the World Bank, and the United Nations
                    Children's Fund, report a rate of children under 5
                    years of age affected by child wasting above 5 percent
                    for the year covered by such report; and
                        ``(B) the total amount made available to carry out
                    programs under title II in the fiscal year is greater
                    than $1,200,000,000.
                ``(3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection may
            be construed to limit on the authority of the Secretary to
            purchase or distribute ready-to-use therapeutic foods in a
            fiscal year.''.

    SEC. 3111. TERMINATION DATE FOR MICRONUTRIENT FORTIFICATION PROGRAMS.

        Section 415 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C.1736g-2) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
                        (A) by striking ``Administrator, in consultation
                    with the''; and
                        (B) by striking the comma after ``Secretary''; and
                (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 3112. JOHN OGONOWSKI AND DOUG BEREUTER FARMER-TO-FARMER PROGRAM.

        Section 501 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1737) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``2023'' each place it appears and
            inserting ``2031''; and
                (2) in subsection (f)(1), by striking ``Administrator of
            the Agency for International Development'' and inserting
            ``Secretary''.

    SEC. 3113. FOOD FOR PEACE ACT ADMINISTRATION.

        (a) In General.--During fiscal years 2026 through 2031, the
    Secretary may use funds made available for the salaries and expenses of
    the Foreign Agricultural Service under an appropriations Act or any
    other provision of law, including such funds otherwise obligated as of
    the date of the enactment of this Act, to pay the administrative
    expenses of the Department of Agriculture in the implementation of the
    Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.), as amended by this
    subtitle.
        (b) Carryover.--For fiscal years 2026 through 2031, the balance of
    any funds provided to carry out subsection (a) for a fiscal year that
    remains unexpended at the end of that fiscal year may be carried over
    for use during the following fiscal year.

                   Subtitle B--Agricultural Trade Act of 1978

    SEC. 3201. AGRICULTURAL TRADE PROMOTION AND FACILITATION.

        (a) Modification to Foreign Market Development Cooperator
    Program.--Section 203(c) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7
    U.S.C. 5623(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following new
    paragraph:
                ``(4) Technical assistance to improve infrastructure in
            foreign markets for united states agricultural commodities.--
                        ``(A) In general.--As part of the program
                    established under this subsection, the Secretary shall
                    enter into contracts or other agreements, with eligible
                    trade organizations or with nonprofit organizations
                    with expertise in supply chain infrastructure, to
                    provide needs assessments, training, and other
                    technical assistance to enhance the capabilities of
                    infrastructure in new and developing foreign markets,
                    including infrastructure relating to cold chain
                    capacity, port improvements, and other developments, to
                    ensure that United States agricultural commodities are
                    not damaged or lost due to deficiencies of such
                    infrastructure.
                        ``(B) Limitation.--Of the amounts made available to
                    carry out the program established under this
                    subsection, not more than $1,500,000 for fiscal year
                    2027 and not more than $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2028
                    and each fiscal year thereafter may be made available
                    to carry out this paragraph.''.
        (b) Report on Competitiveness of United States Specialty Crops.--
    Section 203(e)(7) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C.
    5623(e)(7)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(7) Biennial report.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation
                    with the United States Trade Representative, shall
                    submit every two years to the appropriate congressional
                    committees a report detailing the competitiveness of
                    United States specialty crops.
                        ``(B) Elements.--The report required by
                    subparagraph (A) shall--
                                ``(i) identify and analyze acts, policies,
                            or practices of foreign countries that
                            constitute significant barriers to, or
                            distortions of, United States exports of
                            specialty crops, including the imposition of--
                                        ``(I) tariffs (including
                                    retaliatory tariffs) or quotas
                                    (including tariff-rate quotas); and
                                        ``(II) nontariff barriers,
                                    including technical barriers to trade,
                                    sanitary and phytosanitary measures,
                                    import licensing procedures, and
                                    subsidies;
                                ``(ii) identify and analyze acts, policies,
                            or practices of foreign countries that enhance
                            the competitiveness of imported specialty crops
                            with domestic specialty crop producers,
                            including--
                                        ``(I) the subsidization of exports
                                    from the producing country; and
                                        ``(II) the impact of any lack or
                                    circumvention of labor and
                                    environmental laws in the producing
                                    country;
                                ``(iii) identify and analyze any
                            differences in applicable food safety
                            regulations of foreign countries that may
                            result in imported specialty crops posing a
                            risk to United States consumers;
                                ``(iv) make an estimate of the impacts on
                            the competitiveness of United States specialty
                            crops of any act, policy, or practice
                            identified under clauses (i) and (ii);
                                ``(v) assess the extent to which each act,
                            policy, or practice identified under clauses
                            (i) and (ii) are subject to international
                            agreements to which the United States is a
                            party;
                                ``(vi) include information with respect to
                            any action taken by the executive or
                            legislative branches during the two years
                            preceding submission of the report, or expected
                            to be taken after submission of the report, to
                            eliminate any act, policy, or practice
                            identified under clauses (i) and (ii),
                            including--
                                        ``(I) any action under section 301;
                                        ``(II) negotiations or
                                    consultations with foreign governments,
                                    which may include engagement through
                                    the standing committee on sanitary and
                                    phytosanitary matters established under
                                    a free trade agreement to which the
                                    United States is a party; and
                                        ``(III) action at the World Trade
                                    Organization, including dispute
                                    settlement actions, consultations, or
                                    negotiations; and
                                ``(vii) a description of--
                                        ``(I) any funds provided under
                                    subsection (f)(3)(A)(iv) that were not
                                    obligated in the fiscal year preceding
                                    submission of the report; and
                                        ``(II) the reason such funds were
                                    not obligated.
                        ``(C) Comment period.--In preparing the report
                    required by subparagraph (A), the Secretary, in
                    coordination with the United States Trade
                    Representative, shall seek and consider comments from
                    the public and from the Agricultural Technical Advisory
                    Committee for Trade in Fruits and Vegetables.
                        ``(D) Form of report.--The report required by
                    subparagraph (A) shall be made available to the public
                    in machine-readable format.
                        ``(E) Appropriate congressional committees
                    defined.--In this paragraph, the term `appropriate
                    congressional committees' means--
                                ``(i) the Committee on Agriculture and the
                            Committee on Ways and Means of the House of
                            Representatives; and
                                ``(ii) the Committee on Agriculture,
                            Nutrition, and Forestry and the Committee on
                            Finance of the Senate.''.
        (c) Modification and Extension of Funding.--Section 203(f) of the
    Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5623(f)) is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
                ``(2) Funding amount.--Of the funds of, or an equal value
            of commodities owned by, the Commodity Credit Corporation, the
            Secretary shall use to carry out this section the following
            amounts, to remain available until expended:
                        ``(A) For fiscal year 2026, $255,000,000.
                        ``(B) For fiscal year 2027, $500,000,000.
                        ``(C) For each of fiscal years 2028 through 2031,
                    $533,000,000.''; and
                (2) in paragraph (3)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)(i), by
                    striking ``For each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023,
                    the Secretary'' and inserting ``The Secretary'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in clause (i), by striking ``not less
                            than'' and all that follows through the end and
                            inserting: ``not less than--
                                        ``(I) $200,000,000 for fiscal year
                                    2026;
                                        ``(II) $400,000,000 for fiscal year
                                    2027; and
                                        ``(III) $410,000,000 for each of
                                    fiscal years 2028 through 2031.'';
                                (ii) in clause (ii), by striking ``not less
                            than'' and all that follows through the end and
                            inserting: ``not less than--
                                        ``(I) $34,500,000 for fiscal year
                                    2026;
                                        ``(II) $70,500,000 for fiscal year
                                    2027; and
                                        ``(III) $82,000,000 for each of
                                    fiscal years 2028 through 2031.'';
                                (iii) in clause (iii), by striking ``not
                            more than'' and all that follows through the
                            end and inserting: ``not more than--
                                        ``(I) $8,000,000 for each of fiscal
                                    year 2026 and 2027; and
                                        ``(II) $16,000,000 for each of
                                    fiscal years 2028 through 2031.'';
                                (iv) in clause (iv), by striking
                            ``Corporation'' and all that follows through
                            the end and inserting: ``Corporation--
                                        ``(I) $9,000,000 for fiscal year
                                    2026; and
                                        ``(II) $18,000,000 for each of
                                    fiscal years 2027 through 2031.''; and
                                (v) in clause (v)(I), by striking
                            ``commodities,'' and all that follows through
                            the end and inserting ``commodities, $3,500,000
                            for each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027 and
                            $7,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2028
                            through 2031''.
        (d) Repeals.--The following provisions of law are repealed:
                (1) Section 718 of title VII of the Agriculture, Rural
            Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
            Appropriations Act, 1999 (as enacted by section 101(a) of
            division A of Public Law 105-277; 7 U.S.C. 5623 note).
                (2) Section 10602 of Public Law 119-21 (7 U.S.C. 5623a).

    SEC. 3202. PRESERVING FOREIGN MARKETS FOR GOODS USING COMMON NAMES.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978
    (7 U.S.C. 5602) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``As
            used in this Act--'' and inserting ``In this Act:'';
                (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8) as
            paragraphs (3), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), and (4), respectively,
            and reordering such paragraphs in numerical sequence;
                (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Common name.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The term `common name' means a
                    name that, as determined by the Secretary--
                                ``(i) is ordinarily or customarily used for
                            an agricultural commodity or food product;
                                ``(ii) is typically placed on the packaging
                            and product label of the agricultural commodity
                            or food product;
                                ``(iii) with respect to wine--
                                        ``(I) is--
                                                ``(aa) ordinarily or
                                            customarily used for a wine
                                            grape varietal name; or
                                                ``(bb) a traditional term
                                            or expression that is typically
                                            placed on the packaging and
                                            label of the wine; and
                                        ``(II) does not mean any
                                    appellation of origin for wine listed
                                    in subpart C of part 9 of title 27,
                                    Code of Federal Regulations (or
                                    successor regulations); and
                                ``(iv) the use of which is consistent with
                            standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission.
                        ``(B) Examples.--The following names, among others,
                    shall be considered as common names as such term is
                    defined for purposes of carrying out subparagraph (A):
                                ``(i) With respect to food products:
                            american, asiago, basmati, black forest ham,
                            blue, blue vein, bologna, bologne, bratwurst,
                            brie, burrata, camembert, capicola and
                            capocollo, cheddar, chevre, chorizo, colby,
                            cottage cheese, coulommiers, cream cheese,
                            danbo, edam, emmental, feta, fontina,
                            gorgonzola, gouda, grana, gruyere, havarti,
                            kielbasa, limburger and limburgo, mascarpone,
                            monterey jack, mortadella, munster and
                            muenster, neufchatel, parmesan, pancetta,
                            pecorino, pepper jack, prosciutto, provolone,
                            ricotta, romano, saint-paulin, salame, salami,
                            samso, and swiss, tilsiter, and tomme.
                                ``(ii) With respect to wine:
                                        ``(I) The list of grape varietal
                                    terms in section 4.91 of title 27, Code
                                    of Federal Regulations (or a successor
                                    regulation).
                                        ``(II) The grape variety
                                    designations administratively approved
                                    by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and
                                    Trade Bureau.
                                        ``(III) The following nonvarietal
                                    descriptors: chateau, classic, clos,
                                    cream, crusted and crusting, noble,
                                    ruby, sur lie, tawny, vintage, and
                                    vintage character.
                                ``(iii) With respect to beer: bitter, pale
                            ale, india pale ale, mild, porter, stout,
                            barleywine, dubbel, quadrupel, witbier, saison,
                            biere de garde, oud red, altbier, weisse, gose,
                            hefeweizen, dunkel, helles, rauchbier,
                            pilsener, maerzen, schwarzbier, doppelbock,
                            bock, kellerbier, munchener and munich style,
                            oktoberfest, dortmunder, kolsch and koelsch,
                            cream, grodziskie, lager.
                        ``(C) Considerations.--In making a determination
                    under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may take into
                    account--
                                ``(i) competent sources, such as
                            dictionaries, newspapers, professional journals
                            and literature, and information posted on
                            websites that are determined by the Secretary
                            to be reliable in reporting market information;
                                ``(ii) the use of the common name in a
                            domestic, regional, or international product
                            standard, including a standard promulgated by
                            the Codex Alimentarius Commission, for the
                            agricultural commodity or food product; and
                                ``(iii) the ordinary and customary use of
                            the common name in the production or marketing
                            of the agricultural commodity or food product
                            in the United States or in other countries.
                        ``(D) Rule of construction.--The enumeration of
                    certain names under subparagraph (B) may not be
                    construed to limit or restrict the ability of the
                    Secretary to determine, consistent with subparagraph
                    (A), that any other name is a common name for purposes
                    of this section.''; and
                (4) in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (7) (as so
            redesignated)--
                        (A) in clause (v), by striking ``; or'' at the end
                    and inserting a semicolon;
                        (B) in clause (vi), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(vii) prohibits or disallows the use of a
                            name determined or considered to be a common
                            name pursuant to paragraph (2).''.
        (b) Negotiations To Defend Use of Common Names.--Title III of the
    Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5652 et seq.) is amended by
    adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 303. NEGOTIATIONS TO DEFEND THE USE OF COMMON NAMES.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall coordinate efforts with the
    United States Trade Representative to secure the right of United States
    agricultural producers, processors, and exporters to use common names
    for agricultural commodities or food products in foreign markets
    through the negotiation of bilateral, plurilateral, or multilateral
    agreements, memoranda of understanding, or exchanges of letters that
    assure the current and future use of each common name identified by the
    Secretary in connection with United States agricultural commodities or
    food products.
        ``(b) Briefing.--The Secretary and the United States Trade
    Representative shall jointly provide to the Committee on Agriculture of
    the House of Representatives, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition,
    and Forestry of the Senate, the Committee on Ways and Means of the
    House of Representatives, and the Committee on Finance of the Senate, a
    briefing, twice annually, on efforts and successes in carrying out
    subsection (a).''.

    SEC. 3203. INTERAGENCY SEASONAL AND PERISHABLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLE
                  WORKING GROUP.

        Subtitle B of title IV of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7
    U.S.C. 5671 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 418. INTERAGENCY SEASONAL AND PERISHABLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
                  WORKING GROUP.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary (acting through the Under
    Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs),
    the United States Trade Representative, the Secretary of Commerce, and
    the heads of other Federal agencies or entities as determined to be
    appropriate by the Secretary, shall jointly establish an interagency
    working group (referred to in this section as the `working group')
    composed of representatives from each agency to monitor and assess, on
    an ongoing basis, seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables trade
    data and related information.
        ``(b) Consultation.--The working group shall consult with the
    Agricultural Trade Advisory Committee, relevant seasonal or perishable
    agricultural producers, and other relevant trade associations to
    identify threats that imports pose to domestic producers of seasonal
    and perishable fruits and vegetables.
        ``(c) Trade Actions and Investigations.--The working group shall
    coordinate as appropriate regarding potential additional trade actions
    and investigations with respect to any seasonal or perishable fruits
    and vegetables, as determined to be advisable by the working group.
        ``(d) Recommendations to the Secretary.--The working group shall
    recommend programs or assistance that the Secretary could provide to
    producers of seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables to address
    market impacts.''.

                   Subtitle C--Other Agricultural Trade Laws

    SEC. 3301. GROWING AMERICAN FOOD EXPORTS.

        Section 1543A of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5679) is amended in subsection (d), by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 3302. FOOD FOR PROGRESS ACT OF 1985.

        Section 1110 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (commonly referred to
    as the ``Food for Progress Act of 1985''; 7 U.S.C. 1736o) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) by striking ``enter into'' and inserting
                    ``annually enter into two or more''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``two or more'' before ``eligible
                    entities'';
                (2) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031'';
                (3) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031'';
                (4) in subsection (k), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031'';
                (5) in subsection (l)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031''; and
                        (B) in the heading of paragraph (4), by striking
                    ``Humanitarian or development'' and inserting
                    ``Development'';
                (6) in subsection (m)(2), by striking ``humanitarian and'';
            and
                (7) in subsection (n)(2)(C), by striking ``Committee on
            International Relations'' and inserting ``Committee on Foreign
            Affairs''.

    SEC. 3303. BILL EMERSON HUMANITARIAN TRUST ACT.

        Section 302 of the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act (7 U.S.C.
    1736f-1) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(2)(B)(i), by striking ``2023'' each
            place it appears and inserting ``2031'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(1)(C), by striking ``the
            Administrator'' and inserting ``the Secretary'';
                (3) by striking subsection (c)(1)(D);
                (4) in subsection (f)(2)(A), by inserting ``by the
            Secretary'' after ``reimbursed''; and
                (5) in subsection (h),
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2026'' and
                    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 3304. PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO EMERGING MARKETS.

        Section 1542(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5622 note; Public Law 101-624) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 3305. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.

        Section 3307 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C.
    3295) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031'';
                (2) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and
                (3) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:
        ``(g) Program Continuity.--To assist eligible countries in the
    long-term development of enduring, school-based agricultural education
    and youth extension programs, the Secretary shall, to the maximum
    extent practicable--
                ``(1) implement the fellowship program in each
            participating host country for not fewer than 3 consecutive
            years; and
                ``(2) ensure that contracts awarded to outside
            organizations are multiyear.''.

    SEC. 3306. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURE CULTURAL IMMERSION AND EXCHANGE
                  PROGRAM.

        Title III of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law
    115-334) is amended by adding at the end the following new section (and
    by conforming the table of contents in section 1(b) accordingly):

    ``SEC. 3313. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURE CULTURAL IMMERSION AND EXCHANGE
                  PROGRAM.

        ``(a) Definition.--In this section:
                ``(1) Eligible candidate.--The term `eligible candidate'
            means an individual that--
                        ``(A) is between the ages of 19 and 30 years;
                        ``(B) has demonstrated experience in agricultural
                    sciences, food systems, and food and nutrition
                    education;
                        ``(C) is prepared to live in 1 or more host
                    countries for at least 2 months or up to 6 months; and
                        ``(D) is a resident of the United States.
                ``(2) Eligible country.--The term `eligible country' means
            a country that has agricultural trade relations with the United
            States, as recognized by the Foreign Agriculture Service.
                ``(3) Program.--The term `Program' means the International
            Agriculture Cultural Immersion and Exchange Program established
            under subsection (b).
                ``(4) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary
            of Agriculture.
        ``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an
    international cultural immersion and exchange program, to be known as
    the `International Agriculture Cultural Immersion and Exchange
    Program', under which the Secretary shall--
                ``(1) provide eligible candidates with international
            cultural exchange and immersion experiences focused on
            agricultural sciences, food systems, and food and nutrition
            education through placement with host families in eligible
            countries; and
                ``(2) place in the United States with host families
            individuals that meet the requirement of subsection (a)(1)(A)
            and are residents of eligible countries to experience United
            States agriculture, trade relations, and culture.
        ``(c) Purposes.--The purposes of the Program are--
                ``(1) to develop globally minded citizens of the United
            States; and
                ``(2) to strengthen and enhance trade between eligible
            countries and the United States in agricultural, food,
            nutrition, and environmental industries.
        ``(d) Cooperative Agreement.--
                ``(1) In general.--To administer the Program, the Secretary
            shall enter into a cooperative agreement with a nonprofit
            organization that has experience in implementing international
            cultural exchange programs focused on agricultural sciences,
            food and nutrition education, and cultural understanding
            through placement with host families.
                ``(2) Priority.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall give priority to a nonprofit organization with
            which the Secretary has a memorandum of understanding dated not
            earlier than January 1, 2019.
                ``(3) Matching funds.--As a condition of entering into a
            cooperative agreement under this subsection, a nonprofit
            organization shall provide equal matching funds from non-
            Federal sources.
        ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031 to
    carry out this section.''.

    SEC. 3307. INTERNATIONAL FOOD SECURITY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

        Section 1543B(f) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade
    Act of 1990 is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 3308. MCGOVERN-DOLE INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION AND CHILD
                  NUTRITION PROGRAM.

        Section 3107 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 1736o-1) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)(2)(B)(ii), by inserting ``or lower
            middle'' before ``income'';
                (2) in subsection (h)(2), by striking ``Committee on
            International Relations'' and inserting ``Committee on Foreign
            Affairs'';
                (3) in subsection (l)(2), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031''; and
                (4) in subsection (l)(4), by striking ``not more than 10
            percent'' and inserting ``not less than 8 percent, but not more
            than 15 percent''.

    SEC. 3309. GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUST.

        Section 3202 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (22
    U.S.C. 2220a note; Public Law 110-246) is amended--
                (1) by amending subsection (b)(1) to read as follows:
                ``(1) In general.--For the period of fiscal years 2027
            through 2031, the aggregate contributions of funds of the
            Federal Government provided to the Trust under this section
            shall not exceed 33 percent of the total amount of funds
            contributed to the Trust from all sources and for all
            purposes.'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(2)--
                        (A) by inserting ``under this section'' after
                    ``Trust''; and
                        (B) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031'';
                    and
                (3) in subsection (c), by striking ``fiscal years 2014
            through 2023'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2023 through
            2031''.

    SEC. 3310. LOCAL AND REGIONAL FOOD AID PROCUREMENT PROJECTS.

        Section 3206(e)(1) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of
    2008 (7 U.S.C. 1726c(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 3311. AGRICULTURAL TRADE ENFORCEMENT TASK FORCE.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the President shall establish a joint task
    force, to be known as the ``Agricultural Trade Enforcement Task Force''
    (referred to in this section as the ``Task Force'').
        (b) Duties.--
                (1) In general.--The Task Force shall--
                        (A) identify trade barriers to United States
                    agricultural exports that are vulnerable to dispute
                    settlement under the World Trade Organization (``WTO'')
                    or other trade agreements;
                        (B) develop and implement a strategy for enforcing
                    violations of trade agreements related to these trade
                    barriers;
                        (C) identify like-minded trading partners for
                    specific trade barriers that could act as co-
                    complainants or primary complainants on disputes that
                    are systemically or economically important to the
                    United States; and
                        (D) report quarterly to Congress on progress toward
                    resolving cases or filing disputes.
                (2) Consultation.--In carrying out its duties under this
            subsection, the Task Force shall regularly consult, to the
            extent necessary and appropriate, with the following:
                        (A) Relevant stakeholders in the private sector,
                    including the agricultural trade advisory committees.
                        (B) Federal departments and agencies that are not
                    represented on the Task Force.
                        (C) Like-minded trading partners that are similarly
                    concerned with trade barriers and are potential
                    participants in the dispute settlement process.
        (c) Membership.--
                (1) In general.--The Task Force shall be comprised of the
            following members:
                        (A) One or more employees of the Foreign
                    Agricultural Service, who shall be appointed by the
                    Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural
                    Affairs.
                        (B) One of more employees of the Office of the
                    United States Trade Representative, who shall be
                    appointed jointly by the General Counsel for the Office
                    of the United States Trade Representative and the Chief
                    Agricultural Negotiator.
                        (C) One or more employees of other Federal agencies
                    as needed, who shall be appointed jointly by the
                    officials specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
                (2) Qualification.--Employees of the Federal agencies
            specified in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (1)
            may be appointed as members of the Task Force only if such
            employees have appropriate expertise in agricultural trade
            policy and trade enforcement.
        (d) Report.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, and on a quarterly basis thereafter, the
            Task Force shall submit to Congress a report on its progress in
            identifying and addressing trade barriers to United States
            agricultural exports.
                (2) Matters to be included.--The report required by this
            subsection shall include the following:
                        (A) A description of the systemic and economically
                    significant trade barriers that have been identified.
                        (B) A justification for including the identified
                    trade barriers.
                        (C) A description of the progress that has been
                    made in developing dispute settlement cases and further
                    information that is required.
                        (D) The current status of ongoing disputes at the
                    WTO and implementation of panel, arbitration, or
                    appellate body decisions.
                (3) Additional matters to be included in initial report.--
            The initial report required by this subsection shall, in
            addition to the matters described in subparagraphs (A), (B),
            (C), and (D) of paragraph (2), include a plan to file a request
            under the WTO dispute settlement process for consultations to
            address India's minimum price supports. The plan shall
            include--
                        (A) an identification of like-minded trading
                    partners that could act as co-complainants or primary
                    complainants with respect to the request;
                        (B) a description of specific claims the United
                    States intends to make with respect to the request; and
                        (C) a timeline to--
                                (i) request consultations; and
                                (ii) request the establishment of a panel
                            not later than 60 days after the date of the
                            request for consultations if India does not
                            provide assurances that it will address its
                            minimum price supports.
        (e) Congressional Briefings.--The United States Trade
    Representative and the Secretary of Agriculture shall provide briefings
    on the Task Force to appropriate Members of Congress and congressional
    staff.

    SEC. 3312. REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL SHRIMP TRADE.

        (a) Report Required.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States
    shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that
    examines policy options available to the Secretary of Agriculture to
    boost the competitiveness of domestic shrimp in global and domestic
    markets.
        (b) Contents.--The report required by subsection (a) shall--
                (1) include an analysis of--
                        (A) the Secretary's authority with regard to shrimp
                    and other seafood products;
                        (B) domestic shrimp and other seafood producers'
                    access to financial support programs; and
                        (C) ways to facilitate interagency coordination
                    under existing authorities around common goals for
                    shrimp and other seafood commodities with respect to
                    tariffs, market access policies, and other nontariff
                    barriers; and
                (2) identify trade or other legal barriers to United States
            shrimp and seafood production that are vulnerable to dispute
            settlement through the World Trade Organization or otherwise
            under bilateral or multilateral trade agreements.
        (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees.--In this section, the
    term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                (1) the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on
            Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives; and
                (2) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
            and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of
            the Senate.

                        Subtitle D--Other Trade Matters

    SEC. 3401. REPORT ON MODIFICATIONS TO USMCA.

        (a) Report Required.--The Secretary of Agriculture, in coordination
    with the United States Trade Representative, shall submit to the
    appropriate congressional committees and concurrently make publicly
    available, prior to July 1, 2026, a report on how any expected or
    implemented modification or revocation of any part of the USMCA (as
    such term is defined in section 3 of the United States-Mexico-Canada
    Agreement Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 4502(9))) in any manner will
    affect the importation or exportation of any article that is a covered
    agricultural commodity, including--
                (1) the anticipated effects on relevant product prices and
            projections as a result of such revocation or modification,
            including--
                        (A) the short- and long-term impacts on domestic
                    pricing;
                        (B) changes in consumer food prices;
                        (C) expected or anticipated shifts in input costs
                    for domestic producers; and
                        (D) regional or sector-specific variations in
                    pricing impacts; and
                (2) the forecasted shifts in farm revenue and profitability
            for domestic farmers, foresters, ranchers, and other producers
            as a result of such revocation or modification, including--
                        (A) impacts on net farm income and debt-to-asset
                    ratios;
                        (B) sector-specific effects on crops, livestock,
                    and specialty crops;
                        (C) effects on small, medium, and large farm
                    operations;
                        (D) impacts on agricultural exports, market access,
                    and global competitiveness; and
                        (E) estimated effects on rural employment and
                    economies.
        (b) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
            ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                        (A) the Committee on Agriculture, the Committee on
                    Ways and Means, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of
                    the House of Representatives; and
                        (B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
                    Forestry, the Committee on Finance, and the Committee
                    on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
                (2) Covered agricultural commodity.--The term ``covered
            agricultural commodity'' has the meaning given the term
            ``agricultural commodity'' under section 102(1) of the
            Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602(1)).

    SEC. 3402. SENSE OF CONGRESS AND REPORT ON ARGENTINE BEEF IMPORTS.

        (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress as follows:
                (1) Congress finds that United States ranchers and cattle
            producers produce the healthiest and highest quality beef on
            the planet.
                (2) Any official trade agreement between the United States
            and Argentina--including the United States of America--
            Argentine Republic Agreement on Reciprocal Trade and
            Investment--that allow Argentina to export ship fresh and
            frozen beef into the United States market under expanded quotas
            is detrimental to domestic ranchers, cattle producers, and
            cattle markets.
                (3) Congress recognizes that many Americans enjoy eating
            beef and recognizes that many Americans want their beef raised
            domestically.
                (4) Congress further concludes that any agreement to allow
            increased beef from Argentina into United States markets
            introduces unfair competition into an already volatile market
            as this imported beef could depress cattle prices at United
            States sale barns and have a ripple effect throughout the
            domestic economy affecting feed suppliers, equipment dealers,
            veterinarians, and other rural businesses.
                (5) Congress additionally concludes that United States beef
            production is the safest in the world and that inconsistent
            enforcement abroad could put American consumers at risk and
            create an uneven regulatory playing field.
        (b) Report.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date on
            which the United States signs any formal trade agreement with
            Argentina that includes a change to the tariff rate quotas or
            other duties on fresh and frozen beef imported from Argentina
            the Secretary of Agriculture and the United States Trade
            Representative shall jointly submit to the appropriate
            congressional committees a report on the effect of such
            imported beef on domestic beef and cattle markets, including--
                        (A) American consumer sentiment about the quality
                    of beef in the United States;
                        (B) impacts on domestic cattle prices;
                        (C) effects on domestic beef prices;
                        (D) changes to the domestic cattle herd size; and
                        (E) rancher sentiments toward expanding their
                    herds.
                (2) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this
            section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees''
            means--
                        (A) the Committee on Agriculture, the Committee on
                    Ways and Means, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of
                    the House of Representatives; and
                        (B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
                    Forestry, the Committee on Finance, and the Committee
                    on Foreign Relations of the Senate.

                              TITLE IV--NUTRITION

             Subtitle A--Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

    SEC. 4101. DECLARATION OF POLICY.

        Section 2 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011) is
    amended--
                (1) by inserting ``(a)'' before ``It'', and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) Congress recognizes the supplemental nutrition assistance
    program allows low-income households to obtain supplemental food for an
    active, healthy life that supports the prevention of--
                ``(1) diet-related chronic disease, including--
                        ``(A) obesity;
                        ``(B) diabetes;
                        ``(C) hypertension;
                        ``(D) heart disease; and
                        ``(E) cancer;
                ``(2) disability;
                ``(3) premature death;
                ``(4) unsustainable health care costs; and
                ``(5) undermining of military readiness.
        ``(c) Accordingly, it is also the policy of the Congress that the
    Secretary should administer the supplemental nutrition assistance
    program in a manner that will provide participants, especially
    children, access to a variety of foods essential to optimal health and
    well-being.''.

    SEC. 4102. PROHIBITED FEES.

        Section 7(h)(13)(B) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2016(h)(13)(B)) is amended by striking ``Effective through fiscal year
    2023, neither'' and inserting ``Neither''.

    SEC. 4103. SNAP STAFFING FLEXIBILITY.

        Section 11 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(y) SNAP Staffing Flexibility.--
                ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 11(e)(6)(B), a
            State agency (as defined in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition
            Act of 2008) may, by contract with the State agency at a
            reasonable cost in accordance with the State agency's standard
            contracting rules, hire a contractor to undertake supplemental
            nutrition assistance program certification or carry out any
            other function of the State agency under such program so long
            as--
                        ``(A) the contract does not provide incentives for
                    the agency or contractor to delay eligibility
                    determinations or to deny eligibility for individuals
                    otherwise eligible for supplemental nutrition
                    assistance program benefits; and
                        ``(B) the contractor has no direct or indirect
                    financial interest in an approved retail store.
                ``(2) Use.--A State agency may use the authority provided
            in paragraph (1) when--
                        ``(A) the State experiences an inability to timely
                    process supplemental nutrition assistance program
                    applications from causes that include but are not
                    limited to--
                                ``(i) pandemics and other health
                            emergencies;
                                ``(ii) seasonal workforce cycles;
                                ``(iii) temporary staffing shortages; and
                                ``(iv) weather or other natural disasters;
                        ``(B) the State's payment error rate, as defined in
                    section 16, is greater than or equal to 6 percent based
                    on the most recent available Department of Agriculture
                    data; or
                        ``(C) the State experiences an increase in
                    supplemental nutrition assistance program applications.
                ``(3) Requirements.--A State agency that hires a contractor
            under paragraph (1) shall ensure such action--
                        ``(A) is consistent with all principles under
                    section 900.603 of title 5 of the Code of Federal
                    Regulations; and
                        ``(B) is part of a blended workforce and does not
                    supplant existing merit-based personnel in the State.
                ``(4) Notification.--A State agency shall notify the
            Secretary of its intent to use the authority provided in this
            section and shall provide any information or data supporting
            State agency increases in supplemental nutrition assistance
            program applications or any inability to timely process such
            applications.
                ``(5) Public availability.--Not later than 10 days after
            the date of the receipt of a notification submitted by a State
            agency under paragraph (4), the Secretary shall make publicly
            available on the website of the Department of Agriculture the
            notification submitted by such State agency and any
            accompanying information or data supporting such notification
            so submitted.
                ``(6) Program design.--Any action taken by a State agency
            under paragraph (1) shall not be--
                        ``(A) considered to be a major change in the
                    operations of such State agency for purposes of section
                    11(a)(4) of this Act, or
                        ``(B) subject to any requirement specified in such
                    section.
                ``(7) Annual report.--The Secretary shall submit to the
            Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and
            the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the
            Senate, an annual report that contains--
                        ``(A) a description of measures taken to address
                    increases in supplemental nutrition assistance program
                    applications and any inability to timely process such
                    applications;
                        ``(B) information or data supporting State agency
                    notifications provided pursuant to paragraph (4); and
                        ``(C) recommendations for changes to the
                    Secretary's authority under this Act to assist the
                    Secretary, States, and local governments of States in
                    preparing for any future increases in supplemental
                    nutrition assistance program applications or inability
                    to timely process such applications.
                ``(8) Temporary staffing shortages.--In cases of temporary
            staffing shortages, the authority provided to State agencies
            under paragraph (1) shall--
                        ``(A) expire when the backlog of supplemental
                    nutrition assistance program applications has been
                    eliminated;
                        ``(B) not override any collective bargaining
                    agreement or memorandum of understanding in effect
                    between the State and employees of the State or of a
                    local government of such State; and
                        ``(C) expire when the error rate, as defined in
                    section 16, is less than 6 percent.''.

    SEC. 4104. UPDATES TO ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSES FOR SNAP RETAILERS.

        The 2d sentence of section 9(d) of the Food and Nutrition Act of
    2008 is amended by inserting ``, on two consecutive occasions within a
    3-year-period,'' after ``does not meet''.

    SEC. 4105. REPORT ON ALL IDENTIFIED PAYMENT ERRORS.

        Section 16(c) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2025(c)) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph (10); and
                (2) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following:
                ``(9) Report on all identified payment errors.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall include all
                    identified payment errors, including small errors under
                    paragraph (1)(A)(ii), regardless of dollar amount, in a
                    supplemental section of the annual payment error rate
                    measurement report for the supplemental nutrition
                    assistance program.
                        ``(B) Rule of construction.--The information
                    reported under subparagraph (A) shall not alter,
                    modify, or affect the calculation of the tolerance
                    level for excluding small errors under paragraph
                    (1)(A)(ii).''.

    SEC. 4106. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

        The 1st sentence of section 18(a)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act
    of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2027(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting "``2031''.

    SEC. 4107. RETAIL FOOD STORE AND RECIPIENT TRAFFICKING.

        Section 29(c)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2036b) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 4108. EBT CARD SECURITY REGULATIONS.

        Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Secretary of Agriculture shall promulgate, in the form of a
    proposed rule, regulations through notice and comment rulemaking to
    enhance EBT Card (as defined in section 3(i) of the Food and Nutrition
    Act; 7 U.S.C. 2012(i)) security measures.

    SEC. 4109. REPORT ON SNAP ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.

        Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act,
    the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the
    Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a
    report that--
                (1) examines the causes of State variation in supplemental
            nutrition assistance program administrative costs and
            identifies the factors most likely to contribute to an increase
            in these costs; and
                (2) provides recommendations on how the Department of
            Agriculture and Congress can improve oversight of
            administrative costs in the program.

    SEC. 4110. ANIMAL PROTEIN AN ELIGIBLE INCENTIVE FOOD.

        Section 9(j)(1)(B) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2018(j)(1)(B)) is amended by inserting ``animal protein,'' after
    ``whole grain,''.

    SEC. 4111. PERMANENT AUTHORITY FOR SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE
                  PROGRAM ONLINE PURCHASING.

        Section 7 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2016) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(l) Online Purchasing Program.--
                ``(1) Permanent authority.--Not later than 120 days after
            the effective date of this subsection, the Secretary shall
            begin transitioning the supplemental nutrition assistance
            program online purchasing initiative from pilot or
            demonstration status to permanent nationwide program
            operations, with the completion of the regulations marking the
            end of the transition.
                ``(2) Regulations.--The Secretary shall issue such
            regulations and guidance as may be necessary to carry out
            paragraph (1), including provisions related to program
            integrity, consumer protections, and equitable access in rural
            areas. Such regulations shall be issued not later than 2 years
            after the effective date of this subsection.
                ``(3) Stakeholder consultation.--The Secretary shall
            establish a formal process for consultation with State
            agencies, authorized retailers, electronic benefit transfer
            processors, consumer advocates, and other relevant stakeholders
            to incorporate lessons learned from online purchasing
            operations during the period of 2014 through 2025.
                ``(4) Report to congress.--Not later than 120 days after
            the effective date of this subsection, the Secretary shall
            submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition,
            and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the consultation
            process and recommendations received.''.

    SEC. 4112. EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.

        (a) Emergency Food Program Infrastructure Grants.--Section 209(d)
    of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7511a(d)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.
        (b) Availability of Commodities for the Emergency Food Assistance
    Program.--Section 27(a)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7
    U.S.C. 2036(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.
        (c) Option for Purchasing Through DoD Fresh.--Section 214(c) of the
    Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7515(c)) is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Option for purchasing through dod fresh.--At the
            request of a State agency, the Secretary may allow the State
            agency to use not more than 20 percent of the cost of the
            commodities allocated to that State agency under this section
            to order commodities through the Department of Defense Fresh
            Fruit and Vegetable Program.''.

    SEC. 4113. FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM ON INDIAN RESERVATIONS.

        Section 4(b)(6)(E) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C.
    2013(b)(6)(E)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

                  Subtitle B--Commodity Distribution Programs

    SEC. 4201. COMMODITY DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM.

        (a) Expansion of the Seniors Farmers' Market Nutrition Program.--
    Section 4402 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7
    U.S.C. 3007) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``2008 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``and herbs'' and
            inserting ``herbs, maple syrup, and tree nuts (including
            shelled tree nuts)''.
        (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--The 1st sentence of section
    4(a) of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C.
    612c note) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 4202. COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM.

        Section 5 of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7
    U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 93-86) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031'', and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B), in the matter preceding
                    clause (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
                    ``2031'',
                (2) in subsection (d)(2), in the 1st sentence, by striking
            ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(n) Commodity Supplemental Food Program Delivery Pilot Program.--
                ``(1) Purpose.--The purpose of this subsection is to award
            grants for the operation of projects that increase the access
            of low-income elderly persons to commodities through home
            delivery or other means and to evaluate such projects.
                ``(2) In general.--The Secretary shall award, on a
            competitive basis, grants directly to State agencies, or to
            State agencies on behalf of eligible entities, to carry out the
            activities described in paragraph (5).
                ``(3) Maximum grant award.--A grant awarded to a State
            agency under this subsection shall not exceed--
                        ``(A) the greater of--
                                ``(i) the State's commodity supplemental
                            food program caseload at time of application
                            multiplied by 60; or
                                ``(ii) $10,000; or
                        ``(B) $4,000,000;
            whichever is less.
                ``(4) Application.--A State agency seeking a grant under
            this subsection shall submit to the Secretary an application in
            such form, at such time, and containing such information as the
            Secretary may require.
                ``(5) Grant uses.--A State agency awarded a grant under
            this subsection shall distribute grant funds to eligible
            entities to operate projects that facilitate delivery of
            commodities to participants in the commodity supplemental food
            program, including with respect to costs associated with--
                        ``(A) transportation and distribution of
                    commodities to participants in the commodity
                    supplemental food program, including transportation and
                    distribution services provided by a third party;
                        ``(B) staffing required to operate delivery
                    services; and
                        ``(C) outreach to participants or potential
                    participants in the commodity supplemental food program
                    with respect to home delivery.
                ``(6) Priority.--A State agency awarded a grant under this
            subsection must prioritize eligible entities that serve
            participants in the commodity supplemental food program who
            reside in a rural area.
                ``(7) Report to the secretary.--Not later than 180 days
            after the end of the fiscal year in which a State agency is
            awarded a grant under this subsection and has distributed grant
            funds to eligible entities, and in each succeeding fiscal year
            until grant funds are expended, a State agency shall submit a
            report to the Secretary that includes--
                        ``(A) a summary of the activities carried out under
                    the project, including the quantity of commodities
                    delivered, number of participants in the commodity
                    supplemental food program served, and total number of
                    deliveries;
                        ``(B) an assessment of the effectiveness of the
                    project, including a calculation of the average cost
                    per delivery, and an evaluation of any services
                    provided by a third party; and
                        ``(C) best practices regarding use of home delivery
                    to improve the effectiveness of the commodity
                    supplemental food program.
                ``(8) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Terms in regulations.--The term `State
                    agency', `local agency', and `subdistributing agency'
                    have the meanings given such terms in section 247.1 of
                    title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations (or any
                    successor regulations).
                        ``(B) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity'
                    means--
                                ``(i) a local agency; or
                                ``(ii) a subdistributing agency.
                        ``(C) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the
                    meaning given such term in section 343(a) of the
                    Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C.
                    1991(a)).
                ``(9) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized
            to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $10,000,000 for
            each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031 to remain available
            until expended.''.

    SEC. 4203. DISTRIBUTION OF SURPLUS COMMODITIES TO SPECIAL NUTRITION
                  PROJECTS.

        Section 1114(a)(2)(A) of the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (7
    U.S.C. 1431e(2)(A)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 4204. COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                  FOR TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS.

        (a) Demonstration Project for Tribal Organizations.--
                (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        (A) Demonstration project.--The term
                    ``demonstration project'' means the demonstration
                    project established under paragraph (2).
                        (B) Food distribution program.--The term ``food
                    distribution program'' means the commodity supplemental
                    food program identified in section 4 of the Agriculture
                    and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c
                    note; Public Law 93-86).
                        (C) Indian reservation.--The term ``Indian
                    reservation'' has the meaning given the term
                    ``reservation'' in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition
                    Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012).
                        (D) Indian tribe.--The term ``Indian Tribe'' has
                    the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian
                    Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25
                    U.S.C. 5304).
                        (E) Self-determination contract.--The term ``self-
                    determination contract'' has the meaning given the term
                    in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and
                    Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304) with
                    modification as determined by the Secretary.
                        (F) Tribal organization.--The term ``Tribal
                    organization'' has the meaning given the term in
                    section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7
                    U.S.C. 2012).
                (2) Establishment.--Subject to the availability of
            appropriations, the Secretary shall establish a demonstration
            project under which 1 or more Tribal organizations may enter
            into self-determination contracts to purchase agricultural
            commodities under the food distribution program for the Indian
            reservation of that Tribal organization.
                (3) Eligibility.--
                        (A) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult with
                    Indian Tribes to determine the process and criteria
                    under which a Tribal organization may participate in
                    the demonstration project.
                        (B) Criteria.--The Secretary shall select for
                    participation in the demonstration project Tribal
                    organizations that--
                                (i) are successfully administering the food
                            distribution program of the Tribal organization
                            under section 4(b)(2)(B) of the Food and
                            Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b)(2)(B));
                                (ii) have the capacity to purchase
                            agricultural commodities in accordance with
                            paragraph (4) for the food distribution program
                            of the Tribal organization; and
                                (iii) meet any other criteria determined by
                            the Secretary, in consultation with the
                            Secretary of the Interior and Indian Tribes.
                (4) Procurement of agricultural commodities.--Any
            agricultural commodities purchased by a Tribal organization
            under the demonstration project shall--
                        (A) be domestically produced;
                        (B) not result in a material increase in the amount
                    of food in the food package of that Tribal organization
                    compared to the amount of food that the Secretary
                    authorized to be provided through the Commodity
                    Supplemental Food Program Guide Rate;
                        (C) be of similar or higher nutritional value as
                    the type of agricultural commodities that would be
                    supplanted in the existing food package for that Tribal
                    organization or be an agricultural commodity with
                    Tribal significance to that Indian Tribe; and
                        (D) meet any other criteria determined by the
                    Secretary.
                (5) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which
            funds are appropriated under paragraph (6) and annually
            thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
            Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee
            on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report
            describing the activities carried out under the demonstration
            project during the preceding year.
                (6) Funding.--
                        (A) Authorization of appropriations.--There is
                    authorized to be appropriated to carry out this
                    subsection $1,000,000, to remain available until
                    expended.
                        (B) Appropriations in advance.--Only funds
                    appropriated under subparagraph (A) in advance
                    specifically to carry out this subsection shall be
                    available to carry out this subsection.
        (b) Administration of Tribal Self-Determination Contracts.--
                (1) Administration.--The Secretary shall appoint an
            existing office of the United States Department of Agriculture
            to administer Tribal self-determination contracts to include
            but not limited to:
                        (A) awarding of Food and Nutrition Service
                    nutrition program self-determination contracts to
                    selected Tribal organizations; and
                        (B) hiring contract officers and program staff in
                    order to manage the selection of Tribal organizations
                    and execution of self-determination contracts.
                (2) Staffing minimum funding.--Notwithstanding any other
            provision of law, there is authorized to be appropriated
            $1,200,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031 for the
            payment of Department contract officers and program staff
            salaries and benefits.

                           Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

    SEC. 4301. PURCHASE OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FOR DISTRIBUTION TO
                  SCHOOLS AND SERVICE INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 10603(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
    2002 (7 U.S.C. 612c-4(b)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 4302. BUY AMERICAN REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN SCHOOL MEALS.

        (a) In General.--Section 12(n)(2)(A) of the Richard B. Russell
    National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1760(n)(2)(A)) is amended to read
    as follows:
                        ``(A) Requirements.--
                                ``(i) Purchase expenditures by category.--
                            Subject to clause (ii) and subparagraph (B),
                            the Secretary shall require that a school food
                            authority purchase, with respect to each food
                            purchase category designated by the
                            Agricultural Marketing Service, at least 95
                            percent domestic products and commodities in
                            each such category.
                                ``(ii) Domestically unavailable products
                            and commodities.--Domestically unavailable
                            products and commodities included on a list
                            issued pursuant to clause (iii) with respect to
                            a school year and purchased by a school food
                            authority during such school year shall not be
                            used to calculate whether such school food
                            authority meets the requirements under clause
                            (i).
                                ``(iii) Updated list.--Not later than 6
                            months after the date of the enactment of this
                            subparagraph, and every 2 years thereafter, the
                            Secretary shall make available to school food
                            authorities a list of domestically unavailable
                            products and commodities.
                                ``(iv) Limited waiver authority.--Except
                            with respect to a domestically unavailable
                            product or commodity included on a list
                            pursuant to clause (iii), the Secretary may not
                            waive or make accommodations for any of the
                            requirements of this subparagraph.
                                ``(v) Prohibition on certain products from
                            china or russia.--The Secretary shall prohibit
                            school food authorities from purchasing raw or
                            processed poultry products or seafood imported
                            into the United States from the People's
                            Republic of China or the Russian Federation.''.
        (b) Application.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply
    to school food authorities beginning on the first day of the first
    school year that begins after the date of the enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 4303. REAUTHORIZATION OF THE GUS SCHUMACHER NUTRITION INCENTIVE
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 4405 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7
    U.S.C. 7517) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by amending subparagraph (C)
                    to read as follows:
                        ``(C) Federal share.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii) and subparagraph (D)(iii), the
                            Federal share of the cost of carrying out an
                            activity under this subsection shall not exceed
                            50 percent of the total cost of the activity.
                                ``(ii) Waiver for persistent poverty
                            areas.--The Secretary may waive the application
                            of clause (i) in the case of an activity
                            carried out--
                                        ``(I) in a county that, during the
                                    preceding 30-year period has had a
                                    population of which greater than or
                                    equal to 20 percent of such population
                                    are living in poverty (as measured by
                                    the most recent decennial censuses and
                                    most recent Small Area Income and
                                    Poverty Estimates of the Bureau of the
                                    Census); or
                                        ``(II) in a census tract with a
                                    poverty rate of at least 20 percent
                                    during the preceding 30-year period, as
                                    measured by the most recent 5-year data
                                    series available from the American
                                    Community Survey of the Bureau of the
                                    Census.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                                (i) by redesignating clauses (ix) and (x)
                            as clauses (x) and (xi); and
                                (ii) by inserting after clause (viii) the
                            following:
                                ``(ix) increase year-round availability of
                            incentives by offering all forms of fruits or
                            vegetables;'';
                (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``fresh fruits and
            vegetables'' and inserting ``all forms of fruits, vegetables,
            and legumes'' each place it appears; and
                (3) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' each
                    place it appears and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 4304. FOOD LOSS AND WASTE REDUCTION LIAISON ANNUAL REPORT.

        Section 224(e)(2) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization
    Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6924(e)(2)) is amended--
                (1) in the heading, by inserting ``Annual'' before
            ``Report'';
                (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting
            ``and annually thereafter,'' before ``the Secretary shall'';
                (3) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (4) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end
            and inserting a semicolon; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) a general description of each project and
                    activity implemented pursuant to this section;
                        ``(D) a summary of the cooperative agreements
                    entered into pursuant to subsection (c);
                        ``(E) a detailed account of how the Secretary
                    avoided, managed, or will manage market disruption; and
                        ``(F) a summary of coordinated activities with the
                    Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
                    and the Commissioner of the Food and Drug
                    Administration, including interagency communication and
                    coordination related to the promotion or exclusion of
                    practices and technologies to limit food waste.''.

    SEC. 4305. DAIRY NUTRITION INCENTIVES PROJECTS.

        Section 4208 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C.
    2026a) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by striking ``healthy fluid
            milk'' and inserting ``dairy nutrition'' (and by conforming the
            item of such section in the table of contents accordingly);
                (2) by striking ``healthy fluid milk'' and inserting
            ``dairy nutrition'' each place it appears;
                (3) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Covered dairy products.--The term `covered dairy
            products' means--
                        ``(A) cheese (including nonstandardized cheese)
                    that is--
                                ``(i) made from pasteurized cow's milk;
                                ``(ii) a good source of protein, as
                            determined by the Secretary; and
                                ``(iii) sold as a block, chunk, shred,
                            slice, stick, string or in snack-size form; and
                        ``(B) yogurt (or other cultured dairy product)
                    that--
                                ``(i) is made from pasteurized cow's milk;
                                ``(ii) is a good source of protein, as
                            determined by the Secretary; and
                                ``(iii) contains limited amounts of added
                            sugars.
                ``(2) Fluid milk.--The term `fluid milk' means all
            varieties of pasteurized cow's milk that--
                        ``(A) is packaged in liquid form; and
                        ``(B) contains vitamins A and D at levels
                    consistent with the Food and Drug Administration,
                    State, and local standards for fluid milk.'';
                (4) in subsection (b), by inserting ``and covered dairy
            products'' after ``of fluid milk'' each place it appears;
                (5) in subsection (c)(3), by inserting ``and covered dairy
            products'' after ``purchase of fluid milk''; and
                (6) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``$20,000,000'' and
            inserting ``$50,000,000''.

    SEC. 4306. LOCAL FARMERS FEEDING OUR COMMUNITIES PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish a
    program under which the Secretary will enter into cooperative
    agreements (on a noncompetitive basis) with eligible entities--
                (1) to help support covered local producers through
            building and expanding economic opportunities;
                (2) to establish and broaden partnerships with such covered
            local producers and the food distribution community to ensure
            distribution of fresh (including fresh frozen) and nutritious
            foods; and
                (3) to strengthen such entity's local and regional food
            security and systems.
        (b) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity selected to enter into a
    cooperative agreement under this section shall use funds received
    through such agreement--
                (1) to purchase unprocessed or minimally processed local
            foods (including seafood, meat, milk and dairy products, eggs,
            produce, and poultry) from covered producers;
                (2) to ensure that at least 25 percent of the total annual
            value of products purchased by the eligible entity comprises
            purchases from small-size producers, mid-size producers,
            beginning farmers or ranchers, or veteran farmers or ranchers;
                (3) to provide technical assistance supporting--
                        (A) covered local producers, including in obtaining
                    food safety training and certifications; and
                        (B) efforts to grow the local agricultural value
                    chain;
                (4) to distribute such local foods to organizations,
            including nonprofit organizations, that have experience in food
            distribution to improve access to healthy and nutritious food;
            and
                (5) to build and expand economic opportunity for covered
            local producers.
        (c) Limitation on Use of Funds.--
                (1) In general.--Of the amount made available to an
            eligible entity through a cooperative agreement under this
            section, an eligible entity may use not more than 15 percent of
            such amount--
                        (A) to cover administrative expenses; and
                        (B) to provide technical assistance described in
                    subsection (b)(3);
                (2) Allocation for technical assistance.--Of the amount
            described in paragraph (1), an eligible entity shall use not
            less than 50 percent to provide technical assistance described
            in subsection (b)(3).
        (d) Technical Assistance to Eligible Entities.--The Secretary shall
    provide to eligible entities entering into a cooperative agreement
    under this section guidance, technical assistance, instruction, and
    monitoring throughout the life cycle of the cooperative agreement.
        (e) Amount of Allocation.--Of the amounts made available to carry
    out this section for each fiscal year, the Secretary shall--
                (1) allocate 10 percent to Tribal Governments, to be
            allocated using a funding formula determined by the Secretary;
            and
                (2) of the amounts remaining after making the allocation
            under paragraph (1), allocate 1 percent to each State (other
            than Tribal Governments); and
                (3) after making the allocations under paragraphs (1) and
            (2), allocate the remaining amounts to each eligible entity
            (other than Tribal Governments) by applying the formula
            described in section 214 of the Emergency Food Assistance Act
            of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7515).
        (f) Funding.--There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out
    this section $200,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.
        (g) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Beginning farmer or rancher; veteran farmer or
            rancher.--The terms ``beginning farmer or rancher'' and
            ``veteran farmer or rancher'' have the meanings given such
            terms in section 2501 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation,
            and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279).
                (2) Covered producer.--The term ``covered producer'' means
            a fisherman, farmer, producer, rancher, processor, or
            cooperative processor that is--
                        (A) within the geographic boundaries of the
                    eligible entity in which the food will be delivered; or
                        (B) not more than 400 miles from the delivery
                    destination of the food.
                (3) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means a
            State agency, commission, or department that is responsible for
            agriculture, procurement, food distribution, emergency
            response, or other similar activities within the State.
                (4) Mid-size producer.--The term ``mid-sized producer''
            means an individual whose annual gross cash farm income is
            equal to or exceeds $350,000 and is less than $999,999.
                (5) Small-size producer.--The term ``small-sized producer''
            means one whose annual gross cash farm income is less than
            $350,000.
                (6) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several
            States, the District of Columbia, each territory or possession
            of the United States, and each federally recognized Indian
            Tribe.
                (7) Unprocessed or minimally processed local foods.--The
            term ``unprocessed or minimally processed local foods'' means
            food products means only those agricultural products that
            retain their inherent character. Such term includes--
                        (A) fruits and vegetables (including 100 percent
                    juices);
                        (B) grain products, such as pastas and rice;
                        (C) meats (including whole carcasses, pieces
                    thereof, or ground meat);
                        (D) protein sources that are meat alternatives
                    (such as beans or legumes) and fluid milk and other
                    dairy foods (such as cheese and yogurt); and
                        (E) foods in a wide variety of minimal processing
                    states (such as whole, cut, or pureed) or forms (such
                    as fresh, frozen, canned, or dried).

    SEC. 4307. HEALTHY FOOD FINANCING INITIATIVE.

         Section 243(d) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act
    of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6953(d)) is amended by striking ``$125,000,000'' and
    inserting ``$135,000,000''.

    SEC. 4308. DIETARY GUIDELINES.

        (a) In General.--Section 301(a) of the National Nutrition
    Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5341(a)) is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``At least every five years'' and
                    inserting ``Beginning with the 2030 report and at least
                    every 10 years thereafter,''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``Rulemaking requirements under section 553 of title 5,
                    United States Code, shall apply to the development of
                    each report under this paragraph.'';
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``shall be based on the
            preponderance of the scientific and medical knowledge which is
            current at the time the report is prepared.'' and inserting
            ``shall--
                        ``(A) be based on significant scientific agreement
                    that is determined by evidence-based review (as defined
                    in paragraph (8)(A));
                        ``(B) be current at the time the report is
                    prepared;
                        ``(C) be derived from questions generated under
                    paragraph (5)(E);
                        ``(D) address high-priority areas of concern to
                    advance health outcomes;
                        ``(E) be designed to achieve nutritional adequacy
                    and promote health, as specified by the Food and
                    Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences,
                    Engineering and Medicine, from the consumption of food,
                    including nutrients and bioactive food components
                    occurring naturally and in fortified foods;
                        ``(F) include nutritional and dietary information
                    relevant to individuals with nutrition-related common
                    chronic diseases, as defined by the Centers for Disease
                    Control and Prevention; and
                        ``(G) include recommendations that are affordable,
                    available, and accessible for the general
                    population.'';
                (3) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (7);
                (4) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
                ``(3) Frequency.--The Secretaries may publish the report
            required under paragraph (1) more frequently than required
            under that paragraph if the Secretaries determine that more
            frequent publication is necessary to promote health, based on
            the updated dietary reference intake values specified by--
                        ``(A) the Food and Nutrition Board of the National
                    Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine; and
                        ``(B) other relevant scientific advancements based
                    on continuous monitoring of the totality of publicly
                    available scientific evidence.
                ``(4) Notification of update.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 90 days before
                    the Secretaries plan to update a report under paragraph
                    (1), the Secretaries shall submit notification of that
                    plan, in writing, to the Committees on Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry and Health, Education, Labor,
                    and Pensions of the Senate and the Committees on
                    Agriculture and Energy and Commerce of the House of
                    Representatives.
                        ``(B) Justification.--The notification under
                    subparagraph (A) shall include a justification for
                    updating the report.
                ``(5) Independent advisory board.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the
                    Secretaries submit a notification under paragraph
                    (4)(A), the Secretaries shall establish an Independent
                    Advisory Board (referred to in this paragraph as the
                    `Board').
                        ``(B) Members.--The Board shall be comprised of at
                    least 4 members and not more than 8 members, of which--
                                ``(i) 4 shall be appointed by the
                            Secretaries, 2 of whom shall not be Federal
                            employees; and
                                ``(ii) 1 may be appointed by each of the
                            highest ranking Member of Congress on each
                            Committee described in paragraph (4)(A) of the
                            opposite political party of the President of
                            the United States at the time of the
                            appointment.
                        ``(C) Expertise.--Each member appointed to the
                    Board shall have expertise in nutrition science or food
                    science, including academic and applied experience.
                        ``(D) Meetings.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The first meeting of the
                            Board--
                                        ``(I) may only take place on or
                                    after the date that 4 members are
                                    appointed to the Board under
                                    subparagraph (B); and
                                        ``(II) shall take place on or after
                                    the date that is 90 days after the
                                    Secretaries submit a notification under
                                    paragraph (4)(A).
                                ``(ii) Quorum.--A majority of the members
                            shall constitute a quorum for the transaction
                            of the business of the Board.
                        ``(E) Duties.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    establishment of the Board, the Board shall submit to
                    the Secretaries and the Committees described in
                    paragraph (4)(A) a list of scientific questions
                    relating to the report for purposes of paragraph
                    (2)(C).
                        ``(F) Termination.--The authority of the Board
                    shall terminate, and the Board shall disband,
                    immediately after carrying out subparagraph (E).
                ``(6) Exclusion.--The information and guidelines contained
            in each report required under paragraph (1) shall not be based
            on or include topics that are not relevant to dietary guidance,
            as determined by the Secretaries, in consultation with the
            Independent Advisory Board established under paragraph (5),
            including taxation, social welfare policies, purchases under
            Federal feeding programs, food and agricultural production
            practices, food labeling, socioeconomic status, race, religion,
            ethnicity, culture, or regulations relating to nutrition.'';
            and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(8) Evidence-based review.--
                        ``(A) Definition.--In this paragraph, the term
                    `evidence-based review' means a process under which--
                                ``(i) the totality of the scientific
                            evidence relevant to a question of interest is
                            collected, analyzed, and evaluated;
                                ``(ii) scientific studies, conclusions, and
                            recommendations are rated, adhering strictly to
                            standardized, generally accepted evidence-based
                            review methods; and
                                ``(iii) external peer review is conducted
                            by nongovernment experts with recognized
                            expertise in quality of evidence evaluation.
                        ``(B) Strength of evidence.--Each guideline
                    contained in a report published under paragraph (1)
                    shall be assigned a rating by the Secretaries for the
                    strength of evidence used, including to the extent by
                    which the guideline will improve the Healthy Eating
                    Index.
                ``(9) Transparency.--
                        ``(A) Disclosure.--Any individual appointed to the
                    Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee or an Independent
                    Advisory Board established under paragraph (5) shall--
                                ``(i) be appointed as a special government
                            employee;
                                ``(ii) comply with financial disclosure
                            requirements applicable to such a special
                            government employee under subpart I of part
                            2634 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations
                            (or successor regulations), including the
                            requirement to file the Office of Government
                            Ethics Form 450 (or successor Form); and
                                ``(iii) prior to such an appointment,
                            provide a report to the Secretaries regarding,
                            for the 10-year period preceding such report,
                            any research funding or professional
                            affiliation relating to a report under
                            paragraph (1).
                        ``(B) Publication.--Notwithstanding any other
                    provision of law, not later than 30 days after the date
                    on which a Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee or an
                    Independent Advisory Board is established, the
                    Secretaries shall make publicly available--
                                ``(i) a summary of the financial
                            disclosures reported by members of such
                            Committee or Board;
                                ``(ii) the research funding and
                            professional affiliations reported by such
                            members under subparagraph (A)(iii),
                            categorized by the name of the individual; and
                                ``(iii) a detailed plan for managing any
                            disclosed conflicts of interest, including
                            financial or ethical conflicts of interest,
                            preferences, values, and beliefs.''.
        (b) Controlling Report.--The 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans
    published by the Secretaries under subsection (a)(1) of section 301 of
    the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (7
    U.S.C. 5341(a)(1)) shall be controlling and considered to be the most
    recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans until the publication of the
    first report under such subsection in accordance with the amendments
    made to such section by this Act.

                                TITLE V--CREDIT

                        Subtitle A--Farm Ownership Loans

    SEC. 5101. PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR REAL ESTATE LOANS.

        Section 302(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1922(a)) is amended--
                (1) in the 2nd sentence of paragraph (1), by striking ``a
            majority'' each place it appears and inserting ``at least a 50
            percent'';
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B)
            and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) Eligibility of qualified operators.--
                    Qualified operators, as defined by the Secretary, shall
                    be considered to meet the operator requirement of
                    paragraph (1).
                        ``(B) Eligibility of certain operating-only
                    entities.--An applicant that is or will become only the
                    operator of farm real estate acquired, improved, or
                    supported with funds under this subtitle shall be
                    considered to meet the owner-operator requirements of
                    paragraph (1) if 1 or more of the individuals who is an
                    owner of the farm real estate owns at least 50 percent
                    (or such other percentage as the Secretary determines
                    is appropriate) of the applicant.
                        ``(C) Eligibility of certain embedded entities.--An
                    entity that is an owner-operator described in paragraph
                    (1), or an operator described in subparagraph (B) of
                    this paragraph that is owned, in whole or in part, by 1
                    or more other entities, shall be considered to meet the
                    direct ownership requirement imposed under paragraph
                    (1) if at least 75 percent of the total ownership
                    interests of the embedded entity, or of the other
                    entities, is owned, directly or indirectly, by
                    qualified operators of the farm acquired, improved, or
                    supported with funds under this subtitle.''.

    SEC. 5102. EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS.

        Section 302(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1922(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph
            (A), by striking ``3 years'' and inserting ``2 years''; and
                (2) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding clause (i)--
                                        (I) by striking ``3-year'' and
                                    inserting ``2-year''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``1 or 2 years''
                                    and inserting ``1 year'';
                                (ii) in clause (iii), by inserting ``or
                            operational'' before ``responsibilities'';
                                (iii) in clause (vii), by striking ``or'';
                            and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(ix) met any other criteria established
                            by the Secretary; or''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``3-year'' and
                    inserting ``2-year''.

    SEC. 5103. REFINANCING OF INDEBTEDNESS INTO DIRECT LOANS.

        Section 303 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 1923) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Refinancing of Guaranteed Loans Into Direct Loans.--Within 1
    year after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary,
    acting through the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency (referred
    to in this section as the `Secretary'), shall promulgate regulations
    allowing certain loans guaranteed by the Farm Service Agency to be
    refinanced into direct loans issued by the Farm Service Agency, in
    accordance with this subsection.
                ``(1) Requirements.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A guaranteed loan may be
                    refinanced into a direct loan pursuant to this
                    subsection only if the Secretary determines that--
                                ``(i) the guaranteed loan is distressed due
                            to its status as a nonperforming loan that does
                            not have a positive cash flow at rates and
                            terms available from the lender;
                                ``(ii) the borrower on the guaranteed loan
                            is in monetary default and subject to
                            liquidation or foreclosure action;
                                ``(iii) a reasonable chance for the success
                            of the operation financed by the guaranteed
                            loan exists; and
                                ``(iv) all other criteria established by
                            the Secretary for purposes of this subsection
                            to protect taxpayer funds and the loan programs
                            of the Farm Service Agency have been satisfied.
                        ``(B) Reasonable chance of success.--For purposes
                    of subparagraph (A)(iii), the Secretary may determine
                    that a reasonable chance for the success of an
                    operation exists if the Secretary determines that--
                                ``(i) all relevant problems with the
                            operation financed by the guaranteed loan--
                                        ``(I) have been identified; and
                                        ``(II) can be corrected; and
                                ``(ii) on correction of the problems, the
                            operation can achieve, or be returned to, a
                            sound financial basis.
                ``(2) Loan programs.--In making direct loans pursuant to
            the regulations promulgated under this subsection, the
            Secretary may refinance a loan guaranteed under 1 program of
            the Farm Service Agency into a direct loan issued under another
            program of the Farm Service Agency, as the Secretary determines
            to be appropriate and in accordance with the laws applicable to
            the program under which the direct loan is issued.
                ``(3) Refinanced guaranteed loans.--A direct loan issued by
            the Farm Service Agency pursuant to the regulations promulgated
            under subsection (a) of this section shall be subject to any
            otherwise applicable limitation on the maximum amount of a
            direct loan issued by the Farm Service Agency, including, if
            applicable, the limitations described in sections 305 and
            313.''.

    SEC. 5104. CONSERVATION LOAN AND LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM.

        Section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 1924) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``1985.'' and
                    inserting ``1985 (16 U.S.C. 3812); and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) producers who use the loans to adopt precision
            agriculture practices or acquire precision agriculture
            technologies, including adoption or acquisition for the purpose
            of participating in the environmental quality incentives
            program under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title
            XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa et
            seq.).''; and
                (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 5105. LIMITATIONS ON AMOUNT OF FARM OWNERSHIP LOANS.

        Section 305(a)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1925(a)(2)) is amended by striking ``$600,000, or, in the
    case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $1,750,000 (increased,
    beginning with fiscal year 2019'' and inserting ``$850,000, or, in the
    case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $3,500,000 (increased,
    beginning with fiscal year 2026''.

    SEC. 5106. INFLATION PERCENTAGE.

        Section 305(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1925(c)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``of the Prices Paid By
            Farmers Index (as compiled by the National Agricultural
            Statistics Service of the Department of Agriculture) for the
            12-month period ending on July 31 of the immediately preceding
            fiscal year'' and inserting ``of the per acre average United
            States farm real estate value, the per acre average United
            States cropland value, and the per acre average United States
            pasture value for the preceding year (as published in the
            applicable Agricultural Land Values report of the National
            Agricultural Statistics Service of the Department of
            Agriculture), weighted equally''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``of such index (as so
            defined) for the 12-month period that immediately precedes the
            12-month period described in paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``of
            the per acre average United States farm real estate value, the
            per acre average United States cropland value, and the per acre
            average United States pasture value for the year immediately
            preceding the year described in paragraph (1) (as so
            published), weighted equally''.

    SEC. 5107. AUTHORITY OF FARM CREDIT SYSTEM INSTITUTIONS TO PROVIDE
                  FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR ESSENTIAL RURAL COMMUNITY
                  FACILITIES PROJECTS.

        (a) In General.--The Farm Credit Act of 1971 is amended by
    inserting after section 4.18A (12 U.S.C. 2206a) the following:

    ``SEC. 4.18B. ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES.

        ``(a) In General.--A Farm Credit Bank, direct lender association,
    or bank for cooperatives chartered under this Act may, for the purpose
    of making available capital to develop, build, maintain, improve, or
    provide related equipment or other support for essential community
    facilities in rural areas, make and participate in loans and
    commitments, and extend other technical and financial assistance for
    projects for essential community facilities eligible for financing
    under section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act.
        ``(b) Eligibility.--Only an entity eligible for financing under
    section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act may
    receive financing or any other assistance under subsection (a) of this
    section.
        ``(c) Limitations.--
                ``(1) Financing.--A Farm Credit System institution
            described in subsection (a) shall not provide financing or
            assistance under this section in an aggregate amount that
            exceeds 15 percent of the total of all outstanding loans of the
            institution.
                ``(2) Offer requirement.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A Farm Credit System institution
                    shall not provide financing or assistance under this
                    section unless the institution--
                                ``(i) has offered, under reasonable terms
                            and conditions acceptable to the borrower
                            involved, an interest in the financing to at
                            least 1 domestic lending institution not
                            referred to in subsection (a) other than the
                            Department of Agriculture; and
                                ``(ii) has reported the offer to the Farm
                            Credit Administration.
                        ``(B) Rural community bank priority.--In offering
                    an interest in a financing to a domestic lending
                    institution described in subparagraph (A)(i), the Farm
                    Credit System institution shall give priority to
                    community banks located in the service area of the
                    essential community facility being financed.
        ``(d) Annual Report to Congress.--Within 1 year after the date of
    the enactment of this section and annually thereafter, the Farm Credit
    Administration shall provide a report to the Committee on Agriculture
    of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on the activities undertaken
    pursuant to this section by Farm Credit System institutions during the
    period covered by the report, including through partnerships between
    such an institution and other lending institutions, which shall also be
    posted on the website of the Farm Credit Administration.''.
        (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall
    take effect on October 1, 2026.

    SEC. 5108. DOWN PAYMENT LOAN PROGRAM.

        Section 310E(b)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1935(b)(1)) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking
            ``exceed 45 percent of the least'' and inserting ``exceed,
            subject to section 305(a), 45 percent of the lesser'';
                (2) in subparagraph (A), by adding ``or'' after the
            semicolon;
                (3) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; or'' and inserting
            a period; and
                (4) by striking subparagraph (C).

    SEC. 5109. HEIRS PROPERTY.

        (a) Reauthorization of the Heirs Property Intermediary Relending
    Program.--Section 310I(g) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1936c(g)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2031''.
        (b) Cooperative Agreements for Heirs Property Resolution Through
    Direct Public Interest Legal Services.--Section 310I of such Act (7
    U.S.C. 1936c) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsections (f) and (g) as subsections
            (g) and (h), respectively; and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
        ``(f) Cooperative Agreements for Heirs Property Resolution Through
    Direct Public Interest Legal Services.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into
            cooperative agreements with eligible entities to provide legal
            or accounting services to underserved heirs, at no cost to the
            underserved heirs, to assist in resolving undivided ownership
            interests on farmland or forest land, or land transitioning to
            farmland or forest land, that has multiple owners. Such a
            cooperative agreement must be for any of the following
            purposes:
                        ``(A) To assist with transitioning land to
                    agricultural production.
                        ``(B) To maintain land in agricultural production.
                        ``(C) To increase access to programs administered
                    by the Secretary through the resolution of real
                    property claims in order to allow real property owners
                    to meet land ownership eligibility requirements for
                    participation in a program administered by the
                    Secretary.
                ``(2) Administration of cooperative agreements.--
                        ``(A) Duration.--
                                ``(i) In general.--A cooperative agreement
                            under paragraph (1) shall be in effect for not
                            more than 4 years, subject to clause (ii).
                                ``(ii) Special rule.--The Secretary may
                            extend a cooperative agreement or re-enter into
                            a cooperative agreement with the same or a
                            different eligible entity to provide continued
                            services for heirs if--
                                        ``(I) property ownership is not
                                    resolved within the initial term of the
                                    original cooperative agreement; and
                                        ``(II) the entity certifies that
                                    the entity understands that the
                                    cooperative agreement is not guaranteed
                                    to be funded for more than 4 years
                                    after the commencement of the original
                                    cooperative agreement.
                        ``(B) Management of performance.--
                                ``(i) Annual reports.--An eligible entity
                            must provide annual reports to the Secretary
                            summarizing the progress made during each
                            fiscal year towards achieving the goals of the
                            cooperative agreement for the heirs for whom
                            services are provided under the cooperative
                            agreement.
                                ``(ii) Information and data.--The Secretary
                            may require an eligible entity to provide the
                            Secretary with such information or data as the
                            Secretary deems necessary to determine that the
                            eligible entity is making acceptable progress.
                            The data may not include personally
                            identifiable information.
                                ``(iii) Effect of failure to demonstrate
                            success.--If an eligible entity providing
                            services under such a cooperative agreement
                            does not demonstrate success, as determined by
                            the Secretary, in resolving or reasonably
                            attempting to resolve the property claims of an
                            heir, the Secretary may terminate the
                            agreement.
                        ``(C) Implementation.--The Secretary may utilize
                    requests for public input or the formal rulemaking
                    process to effectuate this subsection. At a minimum,
                    the Secretary shall make publicly available the
                    criteria for selecting an eligible entity to enter into
                    an agreement to provide services, the administrative
                    and performance requirements for cooperative agreements
                    under this subsection, as well as codify within its
                    internal policy its implementation process.
                        ``(D) Heirs property not in farming.--On a limited
                    basis, and when determined by the Secretary to meet the
                    purposes of a program administered by the Secretary and
                    to expand access to such a program, the Secretary may
                    allow an eligible entity to provide services at no cost
                    to an heir who is not an underserved heir if--
                                ``(i) the land with respect to which the
                            services are to be provided is not farmland or
                            in agricultural production, but could be viably
                            productive for agricultural, conservation, or
                            forestry purposes;
                                ``(ii) the heir satisfies all other
                            requirements of the definition of `underserved
                            heir';
                                ``(iii) the heir can provide proof to
                            substantiate that the heir is in control of the
                            real property; and
                                ``(iv) the heir certifies to the Secretary
                            that the heir intends to apply for, and make a
                            good faith effort to enroll the land in, a
                            program administered by the Secretary once
                            property claims to the land are resolved
                            through services provided under a cooperative
                            agreement entered into under this subsection.
                ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity'
                    means a nonprofit organization that--
                                ``(i) provides legal or accounting services
                            to an underserved heir at no cost to the
                            underserved heir to resolve property ownership
                            issues; and
                                ``(ii) has demonstrated experience in
                            resolving issues related to ownership and
                            succession on farmland or forest land that has
                            multiple owners.
                        ``(B) Limited resource heir.--An heir shall be
                    considered a limited resource heir for purposes of this
                    subsection if--
                                ``(i) the total household income of the
                            heir is at or below the national poverty level
                            for a family of 4, or less than 50 percent of
                            the county median household income for the 2
                            immediately preceding calendar years, as
                            determined annually using data of the
                            Department of Commerce; or
                                ``(ii) the property of the heir for which
                            legal services are provided pursuant to a
                            cooperative agreement entered into under this
                            subsection is in a persistent poverty
                            community, as determined annually on the basis
                            of data from the Department of Commerce, or a
                            socially vulnerable area, as designated by the
                            Centers on Disease Control and Prevention.
                        ``(C) Underserved heir.--The term `underserved
                    heir' means an heir with an undivided ownership
                    interest in farmland or forest land that has multiple
                    owners, who is--
                                ``(i) a limited resource heir;
                                ``(ii) a member of a socially disadvantaged
                            group (as defined in section 2501(a) of the
                            Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
                            of 1990); or
                                ``(iii) a veteran (as defined in section
                            101(2) of title 38, United States Code).
                ``(4) Annual reports to congress.--Within 1 year after the
            date of the enactment of this subsection, and annually
            thereafter, the Secretary shall prepare, make public, and
            submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
            Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition,
            and Forestry of the Senate a written report on the activities
            carried out under this subsection in the year covered by the
            report.
                ``(5) Limitations on authorization of appropriations.--To
            carry out this subsection, there is authorized to be
            appropriated to the Secretary $60,000,000 for each of fiscal
            years 2027 through 2031.''.
        (c) Annual Report on Operations and Outcomes Under the Relending
    Program To Resolve Ownership and Succession on Farmland.--Section
    310I(g) of such Act, as so redesignated by subsection (b) of this
    section, is amended by striking ``Not later than 1 year after the date
    of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall'' and inserting ``The
    Secretary shall annually''.

    SEC. 5110. PROMPT APPROVAL OF LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES.

        Section 333A of the of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(1) Real estate and operating guaranteed loans.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide to
                    lenders a short, simplified application form for real
                    estate and operating guaranteed loans under this title,
                    for loans of not more than $1,000,000.
                        ``(B) Notice.--Within 5 business days after receipt
                    of a complete application to guarantee a farm ownership
                    or operating loan that meets the requirements under
                    subparagraph (A) originated by a Preferred Certified
                    Lender or Certified Lender, the Secretary shall notify
                    the lender as to whether the application is approved or
                    disapproved.
                        ``(C) Maximum guarantee.--Notwithstanding any other
                    provision of this Act, the percentage of the principal
                    amount of a loan which may be guaranteed pursuant to
                    this paragraph shall not exceed--
                                ``(i) 90 percent, in the case of a loan not
                            exceeding $125,000;
                                ``(ii) 75 percent, in the case of a loan of
                            more than $125,000 and not more than $500,000;
                            or
                                ``(iii) 50 percent, in the case of a loan
                            of more than $500,000 and not more than
                            $1,000,000.''; and
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as
                    paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively, and inserting
                    after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Business and industry guaranteed loans to assist
            rural entities.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall develop an
                    application process that accelerates, to the maximum
                    extent practicable, the processing of applications for
                    business and industry guaranteed loans to assist rural
                    entities, as described under section 310B(a)(2)(A), for
                    loans not exceeding $400,000.
                        ``(B) Exception.--The accelerated application
                    process, as provided under subparagraph (A), shall
                    apply to loans not exceeding $600,000 if there is not a
                    significant increased risk of a default on the loan, as
                    determined by the Secretary.''; and
                (2) by striking subsection (h).

    SEC. 5111. EXPEDITED APPROVAL PILOT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Subtitle D of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act is amended by inserting after section 333D (7 U.S.C.
    1983d) the following:

    ``SEC. 333E. EXPEDITED APPROVAL PILOT PROGRAM.

        ``(a) In General.--Beginning not later than 1 year after the date
    of the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall carry out a pilot
    program to establish an expedited qualification and approval process
    for borrowers seeking--
                ``(1) a direct farm ownership loan under this Act; or
                ``(2) a guaranteed farm ownership loan under this Act that
            is serviced by a Preferred Certified Lender under section
            339(d) and provided to a creditworthy borrower, as determined
            by the Preferred Certified Lender.
        ``(b) Loan Assessments.--In carrying out this section, the
    Secretary shall consider streamlining the process for making--
                ``(1) determinations necessary to make the certifications
            and assessments referred to in section 339(c)(5); and
                ``(2) determinations under section 360(b).
        ``(c) Rule of Interpretation.--Except as otherwise provided in
    subsections (a) and (b), this section shall not be interpreted to
    authorize the waiver or modification of any requirement, other than an
    application process timing requirement, imposed by or under this Act.
        ``(d) Report.--Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of
    this section, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to
    the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
    report examining the actions undertaken under, and the results of, the
    pilot program.
        ``(e) Termination of Effectiveness.--The authority provided by this
    section shall terminate effective September 30, 2031.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 346(b)(2) of such Act (7 U.S.C.
    1994(b)(2)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A)(i)(II), by inserting ``, to the
            extent practicable'' after ``April 1 of the fiscal year'';
                (2) in subparagraph (A)(iii), by inserting ``, to the
            extent practicable'' after ``September 1 of the fiscal year'';
            and
                (3) in subparagraph (B)(iii), in the text, by inserting ``,
            to the extent practicable'' after ``April 1 of the fiscal
            year''.

                          Subtitle B--Operating Loans

    SEC. 5201. PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR OPERATING LOANS.

        Section 311(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1941(a)) is amended--
                (1) in the 2nd sentence of paragraph (1), by striking ``a
            majority'' each place it appears and inserting ``at least a 50
            percent''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in the paragraph heading, by striking ``(2)
                    special rule.--An entity'' and inserting the following:
                ``(2) Special rules.--
                        ``(A) Eligibility of qualified operators.--
                    Qualified operators, as defined by the Secretary, shall
                    be considered to meet the operator requirement of
                    paragraph (1).
                        ``(B) Eligibility of certain operating-only
                    entities.--An entity''; and
                        (B) by striking ``ownership interests of each
                    embedded entity of the entity is owned directly or
                    indirectly by the individuals that own the family
                    farm'' and inserting ``total ownership interests of the
                    embedded entity, or of the other entities, is owned,
                    directly or indirectly, by qualified operators of the
                    farm improved or supported with funds under this
                    subtitle''.

    SEC. 5202. LIMITATIONS ON AMOUNT OF OPERATING LOANS.

        Section 313(a)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``$400,000, or, in the
    case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $1,750,000 (increased,
    beginning with fiscal year 2019'' and inserting ``$750,000, or, in the
    case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $3,000,000 (increased,
    beginning with fiscal year 2026''.

    SEC. 5203. LIMITATION ON MICROLOAN AMOUNTS.

        Section 313(c)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(c)(2)) is amended by striking ``$50,000'' and
    inserting ``$100,000''.

    SEC. 5204. COOPERATIVE LENDING PILOT PROJECTS.

        Section 313(c)(4)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(c)(4)(A)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2031''.

                          Subtitle C--Emergency Loans

    SEC. 5301. PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR EMERGENCY LOANS.

        Section 321 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 1961) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in the 1st sentence--
                                (i) by striking ``(A)'' and inserting
                            ``(i)'';
                                (ii) by striking ``(B)'' and inserting
                            ``(ii)'';
                                (iii) by striking ``(1)'' and inserting
                            ``(A)'';
                                (iv) by striking ``(2)'' and inserting
                            ``(B)''; and
                                (v) by striking ``a majority'' each place
                            it appears and inserting ``at least a 50
                            percent'';
                        (B) in the 2nd sentence, by striking ``this
                    subsection'' and inserting ``this paragraph'';
                        (C) by striking the 5th sentence; and
                        (D) by adding after and below the end the
                    following:
                ``(2) Special rules.--
                        ``(A) Eligibility of qualified operators.--
                    Qualified operators, as defined by the Secretary, shall
                    be considered to meet the operator requirement of
                    paragraph (1).
                        ``(B) Eligibility of certain operating-only
                    entities.-- An applicant that is or will become only
                    the operator of farm real estate acquired, improved, or
                    supported with funds under this subtitle shall be
                    considered to meet the owner-operator requirements of
                    paragraph (1) if 1 or more of the individuals who is an
                    owner of the real estate owns at least 50 percent (or
                    such other percentage as the Secretary determines is
                    appropriate) of the applicant.
                        ``(C) Eligibility of certain embedded entities.--An
                    entity that is an owner-operator described in paragraph
                    (1), or an operator described in subparagraph (B) of
                    this paragraph that is owned, in whole or in part, by 1
                    or more other entities, shall be considered to meet the
                    direct ownership requirement imposed under paragraph
                    (1) if at least 75 percent of the total ownership
                    interests of the embedded entity, or of the other
                    entities, is owned, directly or indirectly, by
                    qualified operators of the farm acquired, improved, or
                    supported with funds under this subtitle.''; and
                (2) by striking all that precedes ``shall make and insure''
            and inserting the following:

    ``SEC. 321. ELIGIBILITY FOR LOANS.

        ``(a) In General.--
                ``(1) Eligibility requirements.--The Secretary''.

                     Subtitle D--Administrative Provisions

    SEC. 5401. BEGINNING FARMER AND RANCHER INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT ACCOUNTS
                  PILOT PROGRAM.

        Section 333B(h) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1983b(h)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 5402. LOAN AUTHORIZATION LEVELS.

        Section 346(b)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(1)) is amended in the matter preceding
    subparagraph (A) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 5403. LOAN FUND SET-ASIDES.

        Section 346(b)(2)(A)(ii)(III) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(2)(A)(ii)(III)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 5404. USE OF ADDITIONAL FUNDS FOR DIRECT OPERATING MICROLOANS
                  UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS.

        Section 346(b)(5)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(5)(C)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2031''.

                           Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

    SEC. 5501. EXTENSION OF CREDIT TO BUSINESSES PROVIDING SERVICES TO
                  PRODUCERS OR HARVESTERS OF AQUATIC PRODUCTS.

        (a) Eligibility for Credit and Financial Services.--Section 1.9 of
    the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2017) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or'' at the end;
                (2) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and
                (3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
                ``(3) persons furnishing to producers or harvesters of
            aquatic products services directly related to their operating
            needs; or''.
        (b) Purposes for Extensions of Credit.--Section 1.11(c)(1) of such
    Act (12 U.S.C. 2019(c)(1)) is amended by inserting ``and to persons
    furnishing services directly related to the operating needs of
    producers or harvesters of aquatic products'' after ``needs''.
        (c) Production Credit Associations.--Section 2.4(a) of such Act (12
    U.S.C. 2075(a)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and
            inserting ``; and''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) persons furnishing to producers or harvesters of
            aquatic products services directly related to their operating
            needs.''.

    SEC. 5502. EXPORT FINANCE AUTHORITY.

        Section 3.7(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C.
    2128(b)(2)(A)(i)) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``50 percent of the bank's capital'' and
            inserting ``15 percent of the total assets of the bank''; and
                (2) by striking ``an amount equal to 50 percent of the
            bank's capital'' and inserting ``15 percent of the total assets
            of the bank''.

    SEC. 5503. SUPPORT FOR RURAL WATER AND WASTE SYSTEMS.

        Section 3.7(f) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2128(f))
    is amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as
            subparagraphs (A) and (B);
                (2) by striking ``The banks'' and inserting ``(1) The
            banks'';
                (3) striking ``For purposes'' and inserting ``(3) For
            purposes'';
                (4) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), by inserting ``,
            or in the case of such loans, commitments, and assistance that
            are guaranteed, the term `rural area' means an area described
            in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
            Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A))'' before the period
            at the end; and
                (5) by inserting after paragraph (1) (as so redesignated)
            the following:
        ``(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a bank for cooperatives may
    make and participate in loans and commitments and provide technical and
    other financial assistance to cooperatives and any other public or
    private entity (except for the Federal Government) for the purpose of
    installing, maintaining, expanding, improving, or operating facilities
    in a rural area for the processing or disposal of waste from any
    source, the provision of telecommunication services, and producing
    electricity from any source for use or sale by the borrower.''.

    SEC. 5504. FARM CREDIT SYSTEM REGULATION.

        (a) In General.--The Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2001 et
    seq.) is amended by inserting after section 4.20 the following:

    ``SEC. 4.21. FARM CREDIT SYSTEM REGULATION.

        ``(a) The Farm Credit Administration shall be the sole and
    independent regulator of the Farm Credit System with respect to
    activities subject to this Act.
        ``(b) Nothing in this section shall limit or affect any regulatory
    or other authority granted to the Farm Credit System Insurance
    Corporation under this Act.
        ``(c) A law enacted or rule promulgated after the date of the
    enactment of this section shall not be held to modify or supersede the
    exclusive authority provided by subsection (a), except to the extent
    that the enacted law does so expressly.''.
        (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall
    take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 5505. LOAN GUARANTEES.

        Section 8.0(7)(B) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C.
    2279aa(7)(B)) is amended by inserting `` or section 9007(c)(1) of the
    Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8107(c)(1))''
    before the 1st comma.

    SEC. 5506. STANDARDS FOR QUALIFIED LOANS.

        Section 8.8 of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2279aa-8) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(3), by striking ``mortgage
            investors'' and inserting ``investors in those types of
            loans''; and
                (2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
        ``(c) Qualified Loan Limitation for Single Borrowers.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Corporation shall not treat a loan
            secured by agricultural real estate as a qualified loan when
            the cumulative principal amount of all loans to a single
            borrower or related borrowers exceeds 10 percent of the
            Corporation's tier 1 capital, as defined by the Farm Credit
            Administration.
                ``(2) Regulator determination.--The Farm Credit
            Administration may issue regulations establishing a single
            borrower concentration limit lower than the percentage
            specified in paragraph (1) if the Farm Credit Administration
            determines that such a lower limit is necessary for the safe
            and sound operation of the Corporation.''.

    SEC. 5507. STATE AGRICULTURAL MEDIATION PROGRAMS.

        (a) Matching Grants to States.--Section 502 of the Agricultural
    Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5102) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``$500,000'' and
            inserting ``$700,000''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(e) Carryover of Financial Assistance.--The Secretary shall
    permit a State that receives financial assistance under subsection (a)
    for a fiscal year to carry over not more than 25 percent of the
    financial assistance that is not expended by the end of the fiscal
    year, for use during the next fiscal year without deducting the amount
    from any assistance provided under this Act in subsequent fiscal
    years.''.
        (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 506 of the
    Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5106) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 5508. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

        (a) Elimination of Obsolete References to County Committees.--
                (1) Section 333A(a)(2)(B)(vi) of the Consolidated Farm and
            Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a(a)(2)(B)(vi)) is amended
            by striking ``by the county committee'' and inserting ``of the
            application''.
                (2) Section 336 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1986) is amended--
                        (A) by striking the last sentence of subsection
                    (b); and
                        (B) by striking subsection (c) and redesignating
                    subsection (d) as subsection (c).
                (3) Section 339 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1989) is amended--
                        (A) in subsection (c)(4)(A), by striking ``county
                    committee certification that the borrower of the loan
                    meets the eligibility requirements and'' and inserting
                    ``the borrower meeting''; and
                        (B) in subsection (d)(4)(A), by striking ``county
                    committee certification that the borrower meets the
                    eligibility requirements or'' and inserting ``the
                    borrower meeting''.
                (4) Section 359(c)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2006a(c)(1)) is
            amended by striking ``(as determined by the appropriate county
            committee during the determination of eligibility for the
            loan)''.
        (b) Revision of Loan Assessment Requirements.--Section 360(d)(1) of
    such Act (7 U.S.C. 2006b(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``annual review
    of direct loans, and periodic review (as determined necessary by the
    Secretary) of guaranteed loans'' and inserting ``periodic review (as
    determined by the Secretary) of direct and guaranteed loans''.
        (c) Updating of Outdated References to the Farmers Home
    Administration and the Rural Development Agency.--
                (1) Section 309(e) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1928(e)) is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration and the Rural
            Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service
            Agency and Rural Development''.
                (2) Section 331(b)(4) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)(4)) is
            amended by striking ``Consolidated''.
                (3) Section 331(b) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)) is
            amended in each of paragraphs (5) and (7) by striking ``Farmers
            Home Administration'' each place it appears and inserting
            ``Farm Service Agency and Rural Development''.
                (4) Section 331(b)(8) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)(8)) is
            amended by striking ``Rural Development Administration or by
            the Farmers Home Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service
            Agency and Rural Development''.
                (5) Section 331A(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981a(a)) is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration or by the
            Rural Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service
            Agency or by Rural Development''.
                (6) Section 335(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(a)) is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration or the Rural
            Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service
            Agency or Rural Development''.
                (7) Section 335(f)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(f)(1)) is
            amended--
                        (A) by striking ``Agricultural Stabilization and
                    Conservation Service payments'' and inserting ``Farm
                    Service Agency farm program'';
                        (B) by striking ``Farmers Home Administration
                    liens'' and inserting ``liens for a farmer program
                    loan''; and
                        (C) by striking ``Farmers Home Administration
                    farmer'' and inserting ``Farm Service Agency farmer''.
                (8) Section 338(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1988(a)) is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration or the Rural
            Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service
            Agency and Rural Development''.
                (9) Section 347 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1995) is amended by
            striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' and inserting ``Farm
            Service Agency and Rural Development''.
                (10) Section 356 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2004) is amended--
                        (A) by striking ``Farmers Home Administration may''
                    and inserting ``Farm Service Agency and Rural
                    Development may''; and
                        (B) by striking ``the inventory of the Farmers Home
                    Administration'' and inserting ``inventory''.
                (11) Section 370(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2008e(a)) is
            amended by striking ``the Rural Development Administration, the
            Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Electrification
            Administration'' and inserting ``Rural Development, the Farm
            Service Agency, the Rural Utilities Service''.
                (12) Each of the following provisions of such Act is
            amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' each place
            it appears and inserting ``Farm Service Agency'':
                        (A) Section 309(g)(1) (7 U.S.C. 1929(g)(1)).
                        (B) Section 331A(a) (7 U.S.C. 1981a(a)).
                        (C) Section 333A(e)(1) (7 U.S.C. 1983a(e)(1)).
                        (D) Section 335(d) (7 U.S.C. 1985(d)).
                        (E) Section 353A (7 U.S.C. 2001a).
                        (F) Section 349(e)(1)(B) (7 U.S.C. 1997(e)(1)(B)).
                        (G) Section 361 (7 U.S.C. 2006c).
        (d) Section 335(c)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(c)(1)) is
    amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``15'' and inserting
            ``60'';
                (2) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                        (A) by striking ``135'' and inserting ``180''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``suitable for farming and
                    ranching, as determined by the Secretary'' before the
                    comma; and
                (3) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``not later than 135
            days after acquiring the real property, the Secretary shall,
            not later than 30 days after the 135-day period,'' and
            inserting ``or if the property is not suitable for farming and
            ranching as determined by the Secretary, not later than 60 days
            after the 180-day period, the Secretary shall''.
        (e) Correction of Infeasible Inventory Property Disposition
    Framework.--
                (1) Section 331(b)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)(1)) is
            amended by striking ``, and until January'' and all that
            follows through ``fit)''.
                (2) Section 335(f) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(f)) is
            amended--
                        (A) by striking paragraphs (3) through (5) and
                    redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (3); and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the
                    following:
        ``(4) The Secretary shall issue regulations consistent with this
    section that ensures the release of funds to each borrower.''.
        (f) Replacement of References to District Office With References to
    District Director.--Section 333A(a)(2)(B) of such Act (7 U.S.C.
    1983a(a)(2)(B)) is amended by striking ``district office'' each place
    it appears and inserting ``District Director''.
        (g) Correction of Obsolete Reference to Former Trust Territories.--
    Section 343(a)(6) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(6)) is amended by
    striking ``the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands'' and inserting
    ``the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau, and the
    Republic of the Marshall Islands''.
        (h) Revision of Farmer Program Loan Definition.--Section 343(a)(10)
    of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(10)) is amended by inserting ``before
    June 18, 2008, conservation loan (CL) under section 304 on or after
    June 18, 2008,'' before ``emergency loan (EM)''.
        (i) Elimination of Inconsistency Between Rules Applicable to
    Beginning Farmers.--Section 343(a)(11)(C) of such Act (7 U.S.C.
    1991(a)(11)(C)) is amended by striking ``related to one another by
    blood or marriage'' and inserting ``qualified beginning farmers''.
        (j) Updating of Provisions To Reflect Repurposing of Conservation
    Loan Provisions.--
                (1) Section 303(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1923(a)) is
            amended in each of paragraphs (1)(D) and (2)(D) by striking
            ``described in section 304''.
                (2) Section 310D of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1934) is amended by
            striking ``, or paragraphs (1) through (5) of section 304(a),''
            and inserting ``section 304(a)''.
        (k) Updating of Notice Provision Requirement and Lifetime Debt
    Forgiveness Limit.--Section 353(i)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2001(i)(1))
    is amended by striking ``registered or certified mail'' and inserting
    ``any method that provides documentation of delivery''.
        (l) Updating of Obsolete Reference to the Soil Conservation
    Service.--Section 306(a)(13) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(13)) is
    amended by striking ``Soil Conservation Service'' and inserting
    ``Natural Resources Conservation Service''.
        (m) Clarification of Interest Rate Requirements.--
                (1) Section 307(a)(3)(B) of such Act (7 U.S.C.
            1927(a)(3)(B)) is amended by striking ``not be--'' and all that
            follows and inserting ``be equal to the interest rate for
            direct farm ownership loans under this subtitle, not to exceed
            5 percent per year.''.
                (2) Section 316(a)(2) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1946(a)(2)) is
            amended by striking ``not be--'' and all that follows and
            inserting ``be equal to the interest rate for direct farm
            ownership loans under this subtitle, not to exceed 5 percent
            per year.''.
        (n) Correction of Heading.--Section 309(h)(6) of such Act (7 U.S.C.
    1929(h)(6)) is amended in the paragraph heading by striking ``Beginning
    farmer loans'' and inserting ``Down payment loan program participant''.
        (o) Elimination of Superfluous Restrictions.--Section 312 of such
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1942) is amended by striking subsection (d) and
    redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (d).
        (p) Elimination of Confusing References to Loan Guarantees.--
    Section 319 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1949) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by striking ``or guarantees'';
            and
                (2) by striking ``or with respect to whom there is an
            outstanding guarantee under this subtitle''.
        (q) Elimination of Obsolete Reporting Requirements.--Section 346 of
    such Act (7 U.S.C. 1994) is amended by striking subsections (c) and
    (d).
        (r) Correction of Obsolete Appeals Provisions.--
                (1) Section 352(c)(3) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2000(c)(3)) is
            amended by striking ``section 333B'' and inserting ``subtitle H
            of title II of Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of
            Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994''.
                (2) Section 353 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2001) is amended--
                        (A) in subsection (h), by striking ``under section
                    333B''; and
                        (B) in subsection (j)--
                                (i) by striking ``filed with the appeals
                            division under section 333B'' and inserting
                            ``to the National Appeals Division'';
                                (ii) by striking ``appeals division shall''
                            and inserting ``Secretary shall''; and
                                (iii) by striking ``county supervisor'' and
                            inserting ``Secretary''.
        (s) Elimination of Unnecessary Constraint on Pilot Projects.--
    Section 333D(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1983d(a)) is amended by striking
    ``that are consistent with subtitle A through this subtitle''.
        (t) Correction of Heading.--The paragraph heading in section
    8.8(a)(3) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2279aa-8(a)(3)) is
    amended by striking ``Mortgage loans'' and inserting ``Loan quality''.

    SEC. 5509. REPORT ON IMPROVING CREDITWORTHINESS OF DIRECT AND
                  GUARANTEED LOAN BORROWERS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture
    of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report evaluating the
    feasibility of requiring the adoption of certain risk management
    practices as a condition for approving certain direct and guaranteed
    farm loans.
        (b) Requirement.--In the report under subsection (a), the Secretary
    shall evaluate the feasibility of requiring, as a condition for
    approving certain direct and guaranteed farm loans, the adoption of 1
    or more of the following risk management practices:
                (1) Hedging and marketing price or revenue risk management
            strategies.
                (2) Insurance coverage optimization or coordination.
                (3) Periodic financial reporting or financial management
            practices.
                (4) Cash management services to facilitate timely
            disbursement of funds and structured collection of operating
            revenues.
                (5) The use of integrated monitoring and analytics tools to
            align risk management and financial decisions with observed
            environmental and production conditions.
                (6) Other risk mitigation practices as determined by the
            Secretary.
                (7) Voluntary lender incentives to promote integrated risk
            management support without increasing costs or burdens for
            applicants.
        (c) Certification.--In completing the report under subsection (a),
    the Secretary shall also evaluate the feasibility of establishing a
    certification program that identifies loans approved contingent on the
    adoption of enhanced risk management practices, including through
    voluntary lender incentives to promote integrated risk management
    support without increasing costs or burdens for applicants.
        (d) Applicability.--The requirements and evaluations under this
    section shall apply only to operating, production, and working capital
    loans made for agricultural production purposes and shall not apply to
    real estate loans, rural development loans, housing loans, business and
    industry loans, or other non-operating credit programs administered by
    the Secretary.

    SEC. 5510. FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION OPTION TO EXAMINE LOW-RISK FARM
                  CREDIT SYSTEM INSTITUTIONS ON A 24-MONTH CYCLE.

        (a) In General.--Section 5.19(a) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12
    U.S.C. 2254(a)) is amended in the 1st sentence--
                (1) by striking ``in no event'' and inserting ``not''; and
                (2) by inserting ``, except that the Farm Credit
            Administration, in its sole discretion, may extend the time
            period between mandatory examinations of institutions deemed by
            the Farm Credit Administration to be small, low-risk
            institutions to not more than 24 months'' before the period.
        (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall
    take effect on October 1, 2026.

                          TITLE VI--RURAL DEVELOPMENT

             Subtitle A--Improving Health Outcomes in Rural America

    SEC. 6101. PRIORITIZATIONS FOR DISTANCE LEARNING AND TELEMEDICINE AND
                  COMMUNITY FACILITIES PROGRAM.

        Section 6101(a) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (132
    Stat. 4726; Public Law 115-334) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``2025'' and inserting ``2027'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) in clause (i)--
                                        (I) in the heading, by striking
                                    ``Substance use disorder set-aside''
                                    and inserting ``Set-aside'';
                                        (II) by inserting ``at rural health
                                    facilities'' before ``that provide'';
                                    and
                                        (III) by inserting ``, mental
                                    health, behavioral health, or maternal
                                    health'' before ``treatment''; and
                                (ii) in clause (ii), by inserting ``mental
                            health, behavioral health, maternal health,
                            or'' before ``substance'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clause (i)--
                                        (I) in the heading, by striking
                                    ``Substance use disorder selection''
                                    and inserting ``Selection'';
                                        (II) in subclause (I), by inserting
                                    ``mental health, behavioral health,
                                    maternal health, or'' before
                                    ``substance'' the first place it
                                    appears; and
                                        (III) in subclause (II), by
                                    inserting ``mental health concerns,
                                    behavioral health concerns, maternal
                                    health concerns, or'' before
                                    ``substance''; and
                                (ii) in clause (ii), by inserting ``,
                            behavioral health treatment, mental health
                            treatment, or maternal health, respectively''
                            before the period; and
                        (D) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``behavioral
                    health, mental health, maternal health, or'' before
                    ``substance'' the first place it appears; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2025'' and inserting
            ``2027''.

    SEC. 6102. DISTANCE LEARNING AND TELEMEDICINE LOANS AND GRANTS.

        Section 2335A of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa-5) is amended by striking ``$82,000,000 for
    each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``$82,000,000
    for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031, to remain available for 2
    fiscal years after the fiscal year for which appropriated''.

         Subtitle B--Connecting Rural Americans to High Speed Broadband

    SEC. 6201. RURAL BROADBAND PROGRAM LOANS AND GRANTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of
    1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by striking ``access to
            broadband telecommunications services in rural areas'' and
            inserting ``reconnect rural broadband program'';
                (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``The purpose'' and all
            that follows through ``provide funds for'' and inserting ``The
            Secretary shall establish a program, which shall be known as
            the `ReConnect Rural Broadband Program', to provide grants,
            loans, and loan guarantees to finance'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall make grants, loans,
            and loan guarantees to eligible entities described in
            subsection (d) for the purpose of financing the construction,
            improvement, or acquisition of facilities and equipment
            necessary for delivering broadband service in rural areas.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraphs (A)
                    and (B) and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) In general.--In making grants, making loans,
                    and guaranteeing loans under paragraph (1), the
                    Secretary shall give the highest priority to
                    applications for projects to provide broadband service
                    to unserved rural communities that do not have any
                    residential broadband service of at least--
                                ``(i) a 25-Mbps downstream transmission
                            capacity; and
                                ``(ii) a 3-Mbps upstream transmission
                            capacity.
                        ``(B) Other.--After giving priority to the
                    applications described in subparagraph (A), the
                    Secretary shall then give priority to applications--
                                ``(i) for projects to provide broadband
                            service to rural communities--
                                        ``(I) with a population of less
                                    than 10,000 inhabitants; or
                                        ``(II) in geographically
                                    underserved and distressed areas,
                                    including--
                                                ``(aa) a socially
                                            vulnerable community (as
                                            determined by the Secretary);
                                                ``(bb) a persistent poverty
                                            county (as determined by the
                                            Secretary); or
                                                ``(cc) in an economically
                                            distressed area (as determined
                                            by the Secretary);
                                ``(ii) that were developed with the
                            participation of, and will receive a
                            substantial portion of the funding or in-kind
                            assistance for the project from, 2 or more
                            stakeholders, including--
                                        ``(I) State, local, and Tribal
                                    governments;
                                        ``(II) nonprofit institutions;
                                        ``(III) community anchor
                                    institutions, such as--
                                                ``(aa) public libraries;
                                                ``(bb) elementary schools
                                            and secondary schools (as
                                            defined in section 8101 of the
                                            Elementary and Secondary
                                            Education Act of 1965 (20
                                            U.S.C. 7801));
                                                ``(cc) institutions of
                                            higher education (including
                                            1862 Land-Grant Institutions,
                                            1890 Land-Grant Institutions,
                                            1994 Land-Grant Institutions,
                                            Hispanic-Serving Institutions,
                                            and Historically Black Colleges
                                            and Universities);
                                                ``(dd) health care
                                            facilities; and
                                                ``(ee) facilities essential
                                            for local or regional commerce
                                            or for the movement of goods;
                                        ``(IV) private entities;
                                        ``(V) philanthropic organizations;
                                    and
                                        ``(VI) cooperatives; or
                                ``(iii) that are submitted by an eligible
                            entity or is owned by an entity that has
                            provided broadband service or other utility
                            service for at least 5 years in rural areas in
                            the State in which the project would be carried
                            out.
                        ``(C) Affordability.--In determining whether a
                    household is unserved for purposes of this section, the
                    Secretary shall consider the affordability of broadband
                    service.'';
                        (C) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) by striking ``and'' at the end
                                    of clause (i);
                                        (II) by striking the period at the
                                    end of clause (ii) and inserting ``;
                                    and''; and
                                        (III) by adding at the end the
                                    following:
                                ``(iii) shall be subject to a grant
                            agreement of not less than 10 years.'';
                                (ii) by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D)
                            and inserting the following:
                        ``(C) Applications.--
                                ``(i) Grant-only applications.--The
                            Secretary shall establish an application
                            process that permits an application for a
                            grant-only award.
                                ``(ii) Combined applications.--The
                            Secretary shall establish an application
                            process that--
                                        ``(I) permits a single application
                                    for a grant and a loan under title I or
                                    II, or this title, that is associated
                                    with the grant; and
                                        ``(II) provides a single decision
                                    to award the grant and the loan.'';
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as
                            subparagraph (D); and
                                (iv) by striking subparagraph (F); and
                        (D) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(4) Fees.--
                        ``(A) Initial guarantee fee.--The Secretary may
                    assess an initial guarantee fee for any insured or
                    guaranteed loan issued or modified under this section
                    in an amount that does not exceed 3 percent of the
                    guaranteed principal portion of the loan.
                        ``(B) Periodic retention fee.--The Secretary may
                    assess a periodic retention fee for any insured or
                    guaranteed loan issued or modified under this section
                    in an amount that does not exceed 0.75 percent of the
                    outstanding principal of the guarantee loan.
                        ``(C) Disclosure.--In altering any fee charged for
                    any insured or guaranteed loan issued or modified under
                    this section, the Secretary, not less than 30 days in
                    advance of any fee change, shall provide a public
                    disclosure, of the financial data, economic and
                    behavioral assumptions, calculations, and other factors
                    used to determine the new fee rates.'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) in clause (i), by adding
                                    ``and'' at the end; and
                                        (II) by striking ``require; and''
                                    and all that follows through ``agree''
                                    and insert ``require, and agree'';
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as
                            subparagraph (E) and inserting after
                            subparagraph (A) the following:
                        ``(B) Inclusions.--An entity eligible to obtain
                    assistance under subsection (c) may include--
                                ``(i) a State or local government,
                            including any agency, subdivision,
                            instrumentality, or political subdivision of a
                            State or local government;
                                ``(ii) a territory or possession of the
                            United States;
                                ``(iii) an Indian Tribe (as defined in
                            section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and
                            Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                                ``(iv) a cooperative or mutual
                            organization;
                                ``(v) an organization of 2 or more
                            incorporated areas that have established an
                            intermunicipal legal agreement for the purposes
                            of delivering communication services to
                            residents;
                                ``(vi) a corporation; or
                                ``(vii) a limited liability company or
                            limited liability partnership.
                        ``(C) Ineligible entities.--An individual or legal
                    general partnership that is formed with individuals
                    shall not be eligible to obtain a grant, loan, or grant
                    and loan combination under subsection (c).
                        ``(D) Affiliated owned and operated networks.--
                    Under this subsection, the Secretary may fund the
                    construction of networks owned and operated by an
                    affiliate of an eligible entity receiving the grant,
                    loan, or loan guarantee, if the eligible entity, the
                    affiliate, or both, as determined necessary by the
                    Secretary, furnishes adequate security for the grant,
                    loan, or loan guarantee.''; and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (E) (as so
                            redesignated by clause (ii) of this
                            subparagraph), by inserting ``, directly or in
                            conjunction with any combination of
                            affiliates,'' before ``may not'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by striking ``subparagraphs (B)
                                    and (C)'' and inserting ``subparagraph
                                    (B)'';
                                        (II) by striking ``is submitted--''
                                    and all that follows through ``(i) not
                                    less than 50'' and inserting ``is
                                    submitted not less than 75''; and
                                        (III) by striking ``(e); and'' and
                                    all that follows and inserting
                                    ``(e).'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``(A)(i)'' and inserting ``(A)''; and
                                (iii) by striking subparagraph (C) and
                            inserting the following:
                        ``(C) Affordability.--In deciding whether a
                    proposed service territory is unserved for purposes of
                    subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider the
                    affordability of broadband service in the service
                    territory.''; and
                        (C) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5);
                (5) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``Subject to paragraph (2),
                            for'' and inserting ``For'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                            ``25'' and inserting ``50''; and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``3'' and inserting ``25'';
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(2) Adjustments.--The Secretary may adjust, through a 30-
            day public notice and comment period published in the Federal
            Register, an increase in the minimum level of broadband service
            under paragraph (1) of no more than 50 percent from the
            preceding year, if less than 95 percent of the funds of the
            program are obligated in the preceding 2 funding rounds.''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking
                            ``buildout'' and inserting ``project
                            agreement''; and
                                (ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) through
                            (D) and inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Broadband buildout standards defined.--A
                    project must meet the following applicable broadband
                    standard in order to be considered for assistance;
                                ``(i) A project with an award term of less
                            than 8 years must provide service at 2 times
                            the minimum broadband speed established in
                            subsection (e)(1).
                                ``(ii) A project with an award term of at
                            least 8 years and less than 14 years must
                            provide service at 5 times the minimum
                            broadband speed established in subsection
                            (e)(1).
                                ``(iii) A project with an award term of 14
                            or more years must provide service at 10 times
                            the minimum broadband speed established in
                            subsection (e)(1).
                        ``(C) Network upgrade planning.--The Secretary may
                    prioritize an applicant seeking to meet the broadband
                    buildout standards under clause (i) or (ii) of
                    subparagraph (B) if the applicant submits information
                    regarding the potential for the physical infrastructure
                    of the network to be upgraded to meet the broadband
                    buildout standards under subparagraph (B)(iii) at the
                    time of the application, assuming reasonable progress
                    in relevant networking technologies.'';
                (6) by striking subsection (j) and inserting the following:
        ``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $350,000,000
    for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031, to remain available until
    expended.''; and
                (7) in subsection (k), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.
        (b) Regulations.--Not later than 270 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate rules to carry
    out the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section, and complete
    the biennial review process required by section 601(e)(2) of the Rural
    Electrification Act of 1936.
        (c) Sunset.--The authorities provided by section 779 of the
    Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law 115-141) shall have
    no force or effect beginning 270 days after the date of the enactment
    of this Act.
        (d) Transition Rules.--
                (1) Availability of funds for administrative costs.--Not
            more than 1 percent of the unobligated balances of amounts made
            available, as of the date that is 270 days after the date of
            the enactment of this Act, to carry out the pilot program
            described in section 779 of the Consolidated Appropriations
            Act, 2018 (Public Law 115-141) may be used for the costs of
            transitioning from the pilot program to the program under
            section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936, as
            amended by this Act.
                (2) Consolidation of funds.--
                        (A) In general.--The unobligated balances of all
                    amounts made available on or before June 30, 2025, to
                    carry out the pilot program described in section 779 of
                    the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law
                    115-141) that are in excess of the amount described in
                    subparagraph (B) of this paragraph are hereby
                    transferred to and merged with amounts made available
                    to carry out the program authorized under section 601
                    of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936.
                        (B) Unfunded approvals.--The amount described in
                    this subparagraph is the amount required to fully fund
                    each project approved as of the date that is 270 days
                    after the date of the enactment of this Act, under the
                    pilot program described in such section 779 for which
                    amounts were not obligated or partially obligated as of
                    such date.

    SEC. 6202. EXPANSION OF MIDDLE MILE INFRASTRUCTURE INTO RURAL AREAS.

        Section 602(g) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    950bb-1(g)) is amended by striking ``2018 through 2023'' and inserting
    ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6203. INNOVATIVE BROADBAND ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM.

        Section 603 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    950bb-2) is amended to read as follows:

    ``SEC. 603. INNOVATIVE BROADBAND ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program to be
    known as the `Innovative Broadband Advancement Program', under which
    the Secretary may provide a grant, a loan, or both to an eligible
    entity for the purpose of demonstrating innovative broadband
    technologies or methods of broadband deployment that significantly
    decrease the cost of broadband deployment, and provide substantially
    faster broadband speeds than are available, in a rural area.
        ``(b) Terrestrial Broadband Demonstration Projects.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide grants or
            loans to eligible entities for the purpose of deploying
            innovative broadband technologies to qualified consumers who
            subscribe to terrestrial broadband service in rural areas.
                ``(2) Eligibility.--To be eligible to obtain assistance
            under this subsection for a project, an entity shall--
                        ``(A) submit to the Secretary an application--
                                ``(i) that describes a terrestrial
                            broadband demonstration project designed to
                            decrease the cost of broadband deployment, and
                            substantially increase broadband speed to not
                            less than the maximum broadband project
                            agreement requirements established under
                            section 601(e)(4), to qualified consumers in a
                            rural area to be served by the project; and
                                ``(ii) at such time, in such manner, and
                            containing such other information as the
                            Secretary may require;
                        ``(B) demonstrate that the entity is able to carry
                    out the project; and
                        ``(C) agree to complete the project build-out
                    within 5 years after the date the assistance is first
                    provided for the project.
                ``(3) Prioritization.--In awarding assistance under this
            subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to proposals for
            projects that--
                        ``(A) involve partnerships between or among
                    multiple entities;
                        ``(B) would provide broadband service to the
                    greatest number of rural entities at or above the
                    broadband requirements referred to in paragraph
                    (2)(A)(i);
                        ``(C) the Secretary determines could be replicated
                    in rural areas described in paragraph (2); and
                        ``(D) are located in States and territories
                    selected by the Secretary to be diverse on the basis of
                    geography, topography, and demographics.
                ``(4) Qualified consumer.--In this subsection, the term
            `qualified consumer' means--
                        ``(A) an individual or member of a household who
                    lives in a rural area;
                        ``(B) a rural small business; or
                        ``(C) an essential community facility, as defined
                    pursuant to section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and
                    Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)).
                ``(5) Rural area.--In this subsection, the term `rural
            area' has the meaning provided in section 601(b)(3).
        ``(c) Satellite Broadband Demonstration Projects.--
                ``(1) Purpose.--The purpose of this subsection is to reduce
            or eliminate the costs to access satellite broadband service
            for remote subscribers.
                ``(2) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity'
                    means a broadband service provider that provides
                    Internet access directly to qualified consumers in
                    remote areas via satellite technology.
                        ``(B) Qualified consumer.--The term `qualified
                    consumer' means a consumer served by an eligible entity
                    that receives a grant under paragraph (3), who is--
                                ``(i) an individual or a member of a
                            household at or below the poverty line (as
                            defined in section 673(2) of the Omnibus Budget
                            Reconciliation Act of 1981, including any
                            revision required by such section, applicable
                            to a family of the size involved); or
                                ``(ii) an essential community facility, as
                            defined pursuant to section 306(a) of the
                            Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
                            U.S.C. 1926(a)).
                        ``(C) Satellite broadband equipment.--The term
                    `satellite broadband equipment' means user terminals,
                    Wi-Fi routers, power supplies, mounts, and any other
                    equipment necessary to connect a qualified consumer to
                    satellite broadband service.
                        ``(D) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the
                    Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the
                    Administrator of the Rural Utilities Service.
                        ``(E) Remote.--The term `remote' means a region
                    classified within level 3 or level 4 of the frontier
                    and remote ZIP Code areas published by the Economic
                    Research Service of the Department of Agriculture.
                ``(3) Grants to eligible entities.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to paragraph (B), the
                    Secretary shall make grants to eligible entities for
                    the purpose of reducing or eliminating the cost
                    associated with the purchase or installation, or both,
                    of satellite broadband equipment to qualified consumers
                    to subscribe to satellite broadband service in remote
                    areas.
                        ``(B) Requirements.--As a condition of receiving a
                    grant under this subsection, an eligible entity shall--
                                ``(i) provide retail broadband service
                            delivered via satellite technology to qualified
                            consumers, that--
                                        ``(I) enables a qualified consumer
                                    to the service to originate and receive
                                    high-quality voice, data, graphics,
                                    video; and
                                        ``(II) has a latency which does not
                                    exceed 250 milliseconds;
                                ``(ii) submit to the Secretary an
                            application at such time, in such manner, and
                            containing such other information as the
                            Secretary may require;
                                ``(iii) agree to reduce or eliminate the
                            cost associated with the purchase,
                            installation, or both, of satellite broadband
                            equipment for qualified consumers; and
                                ``(iv) agree to provide qualified consumers
                            with the reduction or elimination of that cost
                            within 1 year of the assistance being obligated
                            to the eligible entity.
                        ``(C) Eligibility map of qualified consumers.--
                    Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of this
                    Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall
                    publish a map of the remote areas of qualified
                    consumers that do not have access to terrestrial
                    broadband service of at least--
                                ``(i) a 25-Mbps downstream transmission
                            capacity; and
                                ``(ii) a 3-Mbps upstream transmission
                            capacity.
        ``(d) Report.--Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of
    this section, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit a
    comprehensive report to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
    Forestry of the Senate that shall provide the outcomes, effectiveness,
    and impact of the Innovative Broadband Advancement Program, including--
                ``(1) an assessment of the broadband infrastructure funded,
            including the scope, scale, nature and geographic locations of
            each award;
                ``(2) the broadband access and speeds achieved, including
            the download and upload speeds, latency, and overall network
            reliability;
                ``(3) any technical or logistical challenges encountered by
            the eligible entities; and
                ``(4) any recommendations for future innovative broadband
            deployment initiatives in rural areas.
        ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2027 through 2031.''.

    SEC. 6204. COMMUNITY CONNECT GRANTS.

        Section 604 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    950bb-3) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``10'' and
                    inserting ``25''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``1'' and
                    inserting ``3'';
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) provides broadband speeds not less than the broadband
            project agreement requirements established under section
            601(e)(4)(B)(ii) to the eligible entity within the proposed
            eligible service area.''; and
                (3) in subsection (g), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6205. RATE REGULATION.

        Title VI of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb-
    5) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 607. RATE REGULATION.

        ``Nothing in this title authorizes the Secretary to regulate rates
    charged for broadband service.''.

    SEC. 6206. PUBLIC NOTICE, ASSESSMENTS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, AND
                  REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

        Section 701 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    950cc) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by inserting ``technical
            assistance,'' before ``and'';
                (2) in subsection (a)(1)(B)(i), by inserting ``, including
            a complete shapefile map'' before the semicolon;
                (3) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as
                            subparagraph (C) and inserting after
                            subparagraph (A) the following:
                        ``(B) validate the information submitted by service
                    providers under subparagraph (A) through procedures
                    established by the Secretary, which shall include an
                    agency determination provided to the submitter, an
                    opportunity of the submitter to respond, and a final
                    non-appealable determination of the Secretary; and'';
                    and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (C) (as so
                            redesignated by clause (ii) of this
                            subparagraph), by striking ``paragraph (1)''
                            and inserting ``subparagraph (A)''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking all that precedes
                    subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
                ``(2) Assessment of eligibility.--In making any
            determination to award a loan, loan guarantee, or grant for any
            retail broadband project provided assistance or for which
            assistance is sought that is administered by the Secretary, the
            Secretary shall confirm that each unserved rural community
            identified in the application is eligible for funding by--
                        ``(A) utilizing the map created by the Federal
                    Communications Commission under section 802(c)(1)(A) of
                    the Communications Act of 1934 and the Deployment
                    Locations Map established under section 60104(b) of the
                    Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (47 U.S.C.
                    1704(b));''; and
                (4) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
        ``(e) Broadband Technical Assistance Program.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall make grants to
            private, nonprofit, or public organizations to provide or
            receive eligible entities broadband technical assistance and
            training to expand access to broadband service in rural
            communities through the broadband programs of the Department of
            Agriculture including--
                        ``(A) preparing applications for grants, loans and
                    loan guarantees under this section;
                        ``(B) identifying resources to finance broadband
                    facilities from public and private sources, including
                    other Federal agencies;
                        ``(C) preparing feasibility studies, financial
                    forecasts, market surveys, environmental studies, and
                    technical design information to support broadband
                    services;
                        ``(D) preparing reports and surveys necessary to
                    support the need for broadband services, the price
                    range, and request financial assistance;
                        ``(E) analyzing and improving operations related to
                    the management, including financial management, of
                    broadband facilities and to the efficiency of the
                    entity;
                        ``(F) collecting broadband infrastructure data; or
                        ``(G) assisting with other areas of need identified
                    by the Secretary.
                ``(2) Eligible entities.--To be eligible to obtain
            assistance under this subsection, an entity shall be--
                        ``(A) a federally recognized Tribe or Tribal
                    entity;
                        ``(B) a State or local government, including any
                    agency, subdivision, instrumentality, or political
                    subdivision thereof;
                        ``(C) a territory or possession of the United
                    States;
                        ``(D) an institution of higher education (including
                    a 1862 Land-Grant Institution, 1890 Land-Grant
                    Institution, 1994 Land-Grant Institution, Hispanic-
                    Serving Institution, or Historically Black College or
                    University);
                        ``(E) a nonprofit organization described in section
                    501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
                        ``(F) a cooperative or mutual organization;
                        ``(G) a corporation; or
                        ``(H) a limited liability company or limited
                    liability partnership.
                ``(3) Selection priority.--In selecting recipients of
            grants under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give priority
            to organizations that have experience in providing technical
            assistance and training to rural entities.
                ``(4) National applications.--The Secretary shall allow
            applications for grants under this paragraph from qualified
            organizations for the sole purpose of providing on-site
            community technical assistance and training on a national or
            multi-State regional basis.
        ``(f) Assistance for Community Broadband Mapping.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may make grants to
            eligible entities for the purpose of collecting broadband
            service data to assist the Secretary in--
                        ``(A) establishing the availability of broadband
                    service or middle mile infrastructure in a rural area;
                        ``(B) determining the eligibility of a community
                    for assistance under any broadband program administered
                    by the Secretary;
                        ``(C) undertaking a service area assessment under
                    this section; or
                        ``(D) collecting information to submit a challenge
                    to the National Broadband Map created by the Federal
                    Communications Commission pursuant to section 802(c)(1)
                    of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C.
                    642(c)(1)).
                ``(2) Application.--To apply for a grant under this
            section, an entity shall submit an application which
            identifies--
                        ``(A) the data collection area;
                        ``(B) the purpose of the data collection;
                        ``(C) the types of broadband service data to be
                    collected;
                        ``(D) the survey and data collection methods
                    utilized; and
                        ``(E) any other information the Secretary
                    determines necessary to promote the integrity of
                    broadband service collected under this section.
                ``(3) Limitation of grant amount.--The amount of a grant
            made available under this subsection shall not exceed $50,000.
                ``(4) Broadband service data usage.--The Secretary shall
            ensure that any broadband service data collected under this
            section is--
                        ``(A) measured or assessed in accordance with such
                    standards as are established by the Federal
                    Communications Commission pursuant to section
                    802(a)(1)(A) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47
                    U.S.C. 642(a)(1)(A));
                        ``(B) accurate and verifiable in accordance with
                    such standards as are established by the Federal
                    Communications Commission pursuant to section
                    802(a)(1)(A) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47
                    U.S.C. 642(a)(1)(A));
                        ``(C) included in any broadband maps or data sets
                    maintained by the Secretary; and
                        ``(D) made available to the Chair of the Federal
                    Communications Commission and the Administrator of the
                    National Telecommunications and Information
                    Administration for inclusion in any broadband maps or
                    data sets either may maintain.
                ``(5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                        ``(A) Broadband service.--The term `broadband
                    service' has the same meaning given the term in section
                    601.
                        ``(B) Broadband service data.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The term `broadband
                            service data' means information related to--
                                        ``(I) the location and type of
                                    broadband service;
                                        ``(II) the location and type of
                                    broadband infrastructure;
                                        ``(III) the advertised, maximum,
                                    and average speed of broadband service;
                                        ``(IV) the average price of the
                                    most subscribed tier of broadband
                                    service;
                                        ``(V) the speed tiers of broadband
                                    service available in the area; or
                                        ``(VI) any additional metric the
                                    Secretary deems appropriate.
                                ``(ii) Further definition.--The Secretary
                            shall further define the term `broadband
                            service area' to ensure that data is measured
                            and collected in a manner consistent with the
                            reporting requirements under this section, and
                            any broadband coordination or data-sharing
                            obligations.
                        ``(C) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity'
                    means--
                                ``(i) a unit of local government in a rural
                            area;
                                ``(ii) a Tribal Government or unit of
                            Tribal Government;
                                ``(iii) an economic development or other
                            community organization;
                                ``(iv) an eligible entity under title I or
                            II that serves persons in rural areas;
                                ``(v) an internet service provider that has
                            not more than 100,000 subscribers; or
                                ``(vi) any other entity eligible under a
                            title VI program that is not an internet
                            service provider.
                        ``(D) Middle mile infrastructure.--The term `middle
                    mile infrastructure' has the meaning given the term in
                    section 602.
                        ``(E) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the
                    meaning given the term in section 601.
                ``(6) Limitation on amount made available for grants.--The
            Secretary may not expend more than 1 percent of the amounts
            made available under subsection (g) for each of fiscal years
            2027 through 2031 to carry out this subsection.
        ``(g) Limitations on Reservation of Funds.--Not less than 3 but not
    more than 5 percent of the amounts appropriated to the program to carry
    out title VI shall be set aside to be used for--
                ``(1) conducting oversight under such title;
                ``(2) implementing accountability measures and related
            activities authorized under such title; or
                ``(3) carrying out this section.''.

    SEC. 6207. LIMITATION ON OVERBUILDING.

        Title VI of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb
    et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 608. LIMITATION ON OVERBUILDING.

        ``Any area in a proposed service area under this title shall not be
    considered unserved if an applicant in another Federal or State
    broadband program has received an obligation of funding to offer retail
    broadband service in the area not more than 5 years from the date of
    the obligation of funds, at a speed of at least 100 Mbps download and
    20 Mbps upload.''.

                           Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

    SEC. 6301. RURAL ENERGY SAVINGS PROGRAM.

        Section 6407 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8107a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``,
                            if the entity continues to serve rural areas
                            (as defined in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the
                            Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
                            U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A))'' before the semicolon;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``or'' at the end; and
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as
                            subparagraph (E) and inserting after
                            subparagraph (B) the following:
                        ``(C) any Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of
                    the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance
                    Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                        ``(D) any public, quasi-public, or nonprofit entity
                    that uses innovative financing techniques and market
                    development tools to accelerate the deployment of
                    energy efficiency technology; or'';
                        (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(2) Energy efficiency measures.--The term `energy
            efficiency measures' means, with respect to any property
            service by an eligible entity--
                        ``(A) a structural improvement or investment in a
                    cost-effective, commercial technology to increase
                    energy efficiency (including cost-effective on- or off-
                    grid renewable energy or energy storage system); and
                        ``(B) the replacement of a manufactured housing
                    unit or large appliance with a substantially similar
                    manufacturing housing unit or appliance, respectively,
                    if that replacement is a cost-effective option with
                    respect to energy savings.'';
                (2) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and
                    Grants'' before ``to'';
                        (B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(1) In general.--Subject to this subsection, the
            Secretary shall provide--
                        ``(A) loans to eligible entities that agree to use
                    the loan funds to make loans under subsection (d) to
                    qualified consumers for the purpose of implementing
                    energy efficiency measures; and
                        ``(B) at the election of any eligible entity that
                    receives a loan under subparagraph (A) of this
                    paragraph, a grant in accordance with paragraph
                    (11).'';
                        (C) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (9) as
                    paragraphs (3) through (10), respectively, and
                    inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Prioritization.--The Secretary shall give priority to
            applications from eligible entities serving at least 80 percent
            of their ratepayers residing in rural areas, as defined in
            section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
            Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)).'';
                        (D) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated by
                    subparagraph (C) of this paragraph)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting
                            ``for loans'' before the period; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking
                            ``that is'';
                        (E) by striking paragraph (6) (as so redesignated
                    by subparagraph (C) of this paragraph) and inserting
                    the following:
                ``(6) Repayment.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B) of
                    this paragraph, with respect to a loan under paragraph
                    (1)(A)--
                                ``(i) the term shall not exceed 20 years
                            from the date on which the loan is closed; and
                                ``(ii) except as provided in paragraph (8),
                            the repayment of each advance shall be
                            amortized for a period not to exceed 10 years.
                        ``(B) Extensions.--The Secretary may extend the
                    term of a loan under subparagraph (A)(i), or the
                    deadline for repayment of an advance under subparagraph
                    (A)(ii), as the Secretary determines appropriate.'';
                        (F) in paragraph (8) (as so redesignated by
                    subparagraph (C) of this paragraph)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``(1)'' and inserting ``(1)(A)''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking
                            ``Repayment'' and inserting ``Subject to an
                            applicable extension under paragraph (6)(B),
                            repayment'';
                        (G) by striking paragraph (9) (as so redesignated
                    by subparagraph (C) of this paragraph) and inserting
                    the following:
                ``(9) Limitations.--
                        ``(A) Special advances.--All special advances shall
                    be made under a loan described in paragraph (1) during
                    the first 10 years of the term of the loan.
                        ``(B) Replacement of manufactured housing units or
                    large appliances.--Not more than 10 percent of the
                    total annual amount of budget authority for loans
                    described in paragraph (1) may be used for the
                    replacement of manufactured housing units or large
                    appliances.''; and
                        (H) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(11) Grants.--
                        ``(A) In general.--At the election of an eligible
                    entity that receives a loan under this subsection, the
                    Secretary may provide to the eligible entity a grant to
                    pay for a portion of the costs incurred in--
                                ``(i) making repairs to the property of a
                            qualified consumer that facilitates the energy
                            efficiency measures for the property financed
                            through a loan provided to the qualified
                            consumer under subsection (d); or
                                ``(ii) providing technical assistance,
                            outreach, and training.
                        ``(B) Amount.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii), the amount of a grant provided to
                            an eligible entity under this paragraph shall
                            be equal to not more than 5 percent of the
                            amount of the loan provided to the eligible
                            entity under this subsection.
                                ``(ii) Persistent poverty counties.--The
                            amount of a grant provided under this paragraph
                            to an eligible entity that will use the grant
                            to make loans under subsection (d) to qualified
                            consumers located in a persistent poverty
                            county (as determined by the Secretary) shall
                            be equal to 10 percent of the amount of the
                            loan provided to the eligible entity under this
                            subsection.'';
                (3) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by inserting ``or grant'' before
                            ``funds''; and
                                (ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C)
                            and inserting the following:
                        ``(B)(i) may have a term and amortization schedule
                    the length of which is the useful life of the energy
                    efficiency measures implemented using the loan, if the
                    loan term does not exceed 20 years; and
                        ``(ii) shall finance energy efficiency measures for
                    the purpose of decreasing energy usage or costs of the
                    qualified consumer by an amount that ensures, to the
                    maximum extent practicable, that the applicable loan
                    term described in clause (i) will not pose an undue
                    financial burden on the qualified consumer, as
                    determined by the eligible entity;
                        ``(C) shall not be used to fund purchases of, or
                    modifications to, personal property unless the personal
                    property--
                                ``(i) is a manufactured housing unit or
                            large appliance described in subsection
                            (b)(2)(B); or
                                ``(ii) is or becomes attached to real
                            property as a fixture;''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Clarification of eligibility.--Notwithstanding any
            other provision of law (including regulations), an eligible
            entity may make a loan under this subsection to any qualified
            consumer located within the service territory of the eligible
            entity, regardless of whether the qualified consumer is located
            in a rural area.'';
                (4) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting
                    ``Outreach,'' before ``and Technical Assistance'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and
                            technical assistance of the program'' and
                            inserting ``outreach, and technical assistance
                            relating to the program under this section'';
                            and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting
                            ``, outreach,'' before ``and training''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Funding.--Not less than 3 but not more than 5 percent
            of amounts appropriated under subsection (i) may be used to
            provide outreach, training, and technical assistance under this
            subsection.''; and
                (5) in subsection (i), by striking ``2014 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6302. PROMOTING PRECISION AGRICULTURE.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Advanced wireless communications technology.--The term
            ``advanced wireless communications technology'' means advanced
            technology that contributes to mobile (5G or beyond) networks,
            next-generation Wi-Fi networks, or other future networks using
            other technologies, regardless of whether the network is
            operating on an exclusive licensed, shared licensed, or
            unlicensed frequency band.
                (2) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial
            intelligence'' has the meaning given the term in section 238(g)
            of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for
            Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115-232; 10 U.S.C. note prec.
            4061).
                (3) Foreign adversary.--The term ``foreign adversary''
            means any foreign government or foreign nongovernment person
            engaged in a long-term pattern or serious instances of conduct
            significantly adverse to the national security of the United
            States, or security and safety of United States persons.
                (4) Precision agriculture; precision agriculture
            technology.--The terms ``precision agriculture'' and
            ``precision agriculture technology'' have the meanings given
            the terms in section 1201 of the Food Security Act of 1985.
                (5) Trusted.--The term ``trusted'' means, with respect to a
            provider of advanced communications service or a supplier of
            communications equipment or service, that the Secretary has
            determined that the provider or supplier is not owned by,
            controlled by, or subject to the influence of, a foreign
            adversary.
                (6) Voluntary consensus standards development
            organization.--The term ``voluntary consensus standards
            development organization'' means an organization that develops
            standards in a process that meets the principles for the
            development of voluntary consensus standards (as defined in the
            document of the Office of Management and Budget entitled
            ``Federal Participation in the Development and Use of Voluntary
            Consensus Standards and in Conformity Assessment Activities''
            (OMB Circular A-119)).
        (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this section are--
                (1) to enhance the participation of precision agriculture
            in the United States; and
                (2) to promote United States leadership in voluntary
            consensus standards development organizations that set
            standards for precision agriculture.
        (c) Interconnectivity Standards for Precision Agriculture.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the
            Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
            and the Federal Communications Commission, shall--
                        (A) develop voluntary, consensus-based, private
                    sector-led interconnectivity standards, guidelines, and
                    best practices for precision agriculture that will
                    promote economies of scale and ease the burden of the
                    adoption of precision agriculture; and
                        (B) in carrying out subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) coordinate with relevant public and
                            trusted private sector stakeholders and other
                            relevant industry organizations, including
                            voluntary consensus standards development
                            organizations; and
                                (ii) consult with sector-specific agencies,
                            other appropriate agencies, and State and local
                            governments.
                (2) Considerations.--The Secretary, in carrying out
            paragraph (1), shall, in consultation with the Federal
            Communications Commission and the Director of the National
            Institute of Standards and Technology, consider--
                        (A) the evolving demands of precision agriculture;
                        (B) the connectivity needs of precision agriculture
                    technology;
                        (C) the cybersecurity challenges facing precision
                    agriculture, including cybersecurity threats for
                    agriculture producers and agriculture supply chains;
                        (D) the impact of advanced wireless communications
                    technology on precision agriculture; and
                        (E) the impact of artificial intelligence on
                    precision agriculture.
        (d) GAO Assessment of Precision Agriculture Standards.--
                (1) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the Secretary
            develops standards under subsection (c), and every 2 years
            thereafter for the following 8 years, the Comptroller General
            of the United States shall conduct a study that assesses those
            standards, including the extent to which those standards, as
            applicable--
                        (A) are voluntary;
                        (B) were developed in coordination with relevant
                    industry organizations, including voluntary consensus
                    standards development organizations; and
                        (C) have successfully encouraged the adoption of
                    precision agriculture.
                (2) Report.--The Comptroller General of the United States
            shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
            Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Science, Space,
            and Technology of the House of Representatives, the Committee
            on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and the
            Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate
            a report that summarizes the findings of each study conducted
            under paragraph (1).

    SEC. 6303. FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN GUARANTEED LOANS.

        Section 310B of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 1932) is amended by inserting after subsection (e) the
    following:
        ``(f) Food Supply Chain Capacity and Resilience Guaranteed Loans.--
                ``(1) Definition of food supply chain guaranteed loan.--In
            this subsection, the term `food supply chain guaranteed loan'
            means a business and industry guaranteed loan that is made or
            guaranteed by the Secretary under subsection (a)(2)(A),
            including a guarantee described in subsection (a)(3).
                ``(2) Purpose.--A food supply chain guaranteed loan may be
            made for the purpose of financing new investments in the start-
            up or expansion of projects in the United States that will
            increase the capacity of the food supply chain in the United
            States to aggregate, process, manufacture, store, transport,
            wholesale, or distribute food, agricultural products, or
            agricultural inputs.
                ``(3) Limitations.--The maximum amount of a food supply
            chain guaranteed loan shall not exceed $40,000,000.
                ``(4) Loan guarantees in nonrural areas.--The Secretary may
            guarantee a food supply chain guaranteed loan to an eligible
            entity for a facility that is not located in a rural area if--
                        ``(A) the primary purpose of the loan guarantee is
                    for a facility to aggregate, process, manufacture,
                    store, transport, wholesale, or distribute food
                    agricultural products, or agricultural inputs for
                    agricultural producers or processors that are located
                    within 80 miles of the facility;
                        ``(B) the applicant demonstrates to the Secretary
                    that the primary benefit of the loan guarantee will be
                    to provide employment for residents of a rural area;
                    and
                        ``(C) the total principal amount of food supply
                    chain guaranteed loans guaranteed for a fiscal year
                    under this paragraph does not exceed 10 percent of the
                    total principal amount of food supply chain guaranteed
                    loans made for the fiscal year under subsection
                    (a)(2)(A).
                ``(5) Quarterly reports to congress.--Within 30 days after
            the end of each calendar quarter, the Secretary shall submit to
            the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives
            and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of
            the Senate a report that contains--
                        ``(A) an evaluation of the outcomes achieved
                    through use of the assistance, and the ability of the
                    recipient of the assistance to meet performance goals;
                        ``(B) a description of any debt recovery made with
                    respect to a loan guaranteed under this subsection, and
                    agency projections for activities for which the
                    assistance is provided; and
                        ``(C) any recommendations of the Secretary
                    regarding the implementation of this subsection.
                ``(6) Reservation of funds.--
                        ``(A) In general.--For each of fiscal years 2025
                    through 2029, the Secretary shall reserve not more than
                    5 percent of the funds made available to carry out
                    subsection (a) to carry out this subsection.
                        ``(B) Availability of funds.--Funds reserved under
                    subparagraph (A) for a fiscal year shall be reserved
                    until April 1 of the fiscal year.''.

    SEC. 6304. NEW, MOBILE, AND EXPANDED MEAT PROCESSING AND RENDERING
                  GRANTS.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                        (A) a public, private, or cooperative organization
                    organized on a for-profit or nonprofit basis, including
                    a small establishment and very small establishment;
                        (B) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the
                    Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act
                    (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                        (C) a land-grant college or university (as defined
                    in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research,
                    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C.
                    3103));
                        (D) a non-land-grant college of agriculture (as
                    defined in that section); and
                        (E) a State department of agriculture or other
                    applicable State office with authority over meat and
                    poultry processing and rendering.
                (2) Small establishment; very small establishment.--The
            terms ``small establishment'' and ``very small establishment''
            have the meanings given the terms ``smaller establishment'' and
            ``very small establishment'', respectively, in the final rule
            entitled ``Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical
            Control Point (HACCP) Systems'' (61 Fed. Reg. 38806 (July 25,
            1996)) (or successor regulations).
        (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this section are--
                (1) to create more resilient local and regional food
            systems;
                (2) to expand, diversify, and increase resilience in meat
            and poultry processing and rendering activities;
                (3) to increase farmer and rancher access to animal
            slaughter options;
                (4) to improve compliance of processors with livestock and
            poultry processing statutes (including regulations), including
            the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) and the
            Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.);
                (5) to reduce barriers to entry for new meat and poultry
            processors and renderers;
                (6) to establish new, or update, expand, or otherwise
            improve existing, meat and poultry processing and rendering
            facilities; and
                (7) to support the processing and slaughtering of niche
            production methods such as halal, kosher, and other specific
            cultural methods.
        (c) Grants.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary shall award grants to
            eligible entities to use in accordance with subsection (d).
                (2) Maximum amount.--The maximum amount of a grant awarded
            under paragraph (1) shall not exceed $500,000.
                (3) Duration.--The term of a grant awarded under paragraph
            (1) shall not exceed 3 years.
                (4) Priority.--In awarding grants under paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall give priority to small establishments and very
            small establishments.
        (d) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity receiving a grant under this
    section shall use the grant to carry out activities in support of the
    purposes described in subsection (b), including activities--
                (1) to identify and analyze business opportunities,
            including feasibility studies required for credit worthiness;
                (2) to achieve compliance with applicable Federal, State,
            or local regulations;
                (3) to conduct regional, community, and local economic
            development planning and coordination and leadership
            development;
                (4) to incentivize new, innovative, or mobile enterprises
            for increasing or improving local and regional meat or poultry
            processing and rendering;
                (5) to implement humane handling infrastructure, including
            holding space for livestock prior to slaughter, shade
            structures, and structures and equipment for humane slaughter;
                (6) to develop a feasibility study or business plan for, or
            carry out any other activity associated with, establishing or
            expanding a small meat or poultry slaughter, processing, or
            rendering facility;
                (7) to purchase equipment that enables the further use or
            value-added sale of coproducts or byproducts; and
                (8) to purchase cold storage and related equipment.
        (e) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the activities carried out
    using a grant awarded under this section shall not exceed--
                (1) 90 percent in the case of a grant in the amount of
            $100,000 or less; or
                (2) 75 percent in the case of a grant in an amount greater
            than $100,000.
        (f) Quarterly Reports to Congress.--Within 30 days after the end of
    each calendar quarter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
    contains--
                (1) an evaluation of the outcomes achieved through use of
            the grant, and the ability of the grantee to meet performance
            goals;
                (2) an evaluation of the compliance of the grantee with the
            terms and conditions of the grant;
                (3) a determination as to whether the grant recipient
            maintains adequate financial capacity to carry out the
            activities for which the grant is provided; and
                (4) any recommendations of the Secretary regarding the
            implementation of this section.
        (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $3,000,000 for
    each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.

    SEC. 6305. EXPANDING CHILDCARE IN RURAL AMERICA INITIATIVE.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Childcare.--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``childcare'' means any
                    program that--
                                (i) provides quality care and early
                            education for children who have not yet entered
                            first grade; and
                                (ii) is operated by--
                                        (I) an eligible childcare provider
                                    described in section 658P(6)(A) of the
                                    Child Care and Development Block Grant
                                    Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858n(6)(A)); or
                                        (II) a childcare provider that, on
                                    the date of enactment of this Act--
                                                (aa) is licensed,
                                            regulated, or registered in the
                                            State, territory, or Indian
                                            Tribe in which the provider is
                                            located; and
                                                (bb) meets applicable
                                            State, Tribal, territorial, and
                                            local health and safety
                                            requirements.
                        (B) Inclusions.--The term ``childcare'' includes--
                                (i) a school-based program described in
                            subparagraph (A);
                                (ii) a program described in subparagraph
                            (A) that is a Head Start program, including a
                            migrant and seasonal  Head Start program, or an
                            American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start
                            program carried out under the Head Start Act
                            (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.);
                                (iii) a facility used for a program
                            described in subparagraph (A); and
                                (iv) a service provided under a program
                            described in subparagraph (A).
                (2) Initiative.--The term ``Initiative'' means the
            Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative established
            under subsection (b).
                (3) Rural area.--The term ``rural area'' has the meaning
            given the term in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated
            Farm and Rural Development Act.
        (b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an initiative, to
    be known as the ``Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative'',
    under which the Secretary shall provide, for each of fiscal years 2027
    through 2029, priority in accordance with subsection (c) to address the
    availability, quality, and cost of childcare in rural areas.
        (c) Childcare Priorities.--
                (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of
            law, in selecting recipients of loans and grants under a
            program described in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall give
            priority to any qualified applicant that proposes to use the
            loan or grant to address the availability, quality, or cost of
            childcare.
                (2) Description of programs.--The programs referred to in
            paragraph (1) are the following:
                        (A) The essential community facilities loan and
                    grant programs authorized under section 306(a) of the
                    Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C.
                    1926(a)).
                        (B) The business and industry direct and guaranteed
                    loan program authorized under section 310B(g) of that
                    Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)).
                        (C) The rural microentrepreneur assistance program
                    authorized under section 379E of that Act (7 U.S.C.
                    2008s).
                        (D) The intermediary relending program authorized
                    under the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1936b).
        (d) Requirements.--In providing funding in accordance with the
    Initiative, the Secretary shall ensure a balanced geographical
    distribution of the benefits under the Initiative.
        (e) Evaluation; Report.--
                (1) Evaluation.--Not later than 3 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct a
            comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the
            projects carried out using assistance provided under the
            Initiative, including--
                        (A) a description of--
                                (i) the types of projects carried out;
                                (ii) the communities in which the projects
                            are carried out;
                                (iii) the organizations and entities
                            participating in the projects; and
                                (iv) the types of partnerships developed to
                            carry out the projects; and
                        (B) the economic and social impacts of the
                    investments in the projects.
                (2) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the
            Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate
            and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
            Representatives a report describing the evaluation conducted
            under paragraph (1), including a thorough analysis of the
            outcomes of the evaluation.

    SEC. 6306. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR GEOGRAPHICALLY UNDERSERVED AND
                  DISTRESSED AREAS.

        (a) In General.--Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of
    this section, the Secretary shall directly, or through cooperative
    agreements, provide technical assistance and strengthen local capacity
    to improve access to rural development programs administered by the
    Secretary for local partners (including local governments,
    cooperatives, businesses, and community anchor institutions) in
    geographically underserved and distressed areas.
        (b) Reports.--Beginning 1 year after the date of the enactment of
    this section, the Secretary shall annually publish, make available to
    the public, and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
    Forestry of the Senate a report on how the provision of technical
    assistance under subsection (a) has affected geographically underserved
    and distressed areas in the year covered by the report.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Geographically underserved and distressed area.--The
            term ``geographically underserved and distressed area'' means a
            rural area (as defined in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the
            Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(A)))--
                        (A) in a socially vulnerable community (as
                    determined by the Secretary);
                        (B) in a persistent poverty county (as determined
                    by the Secretary);
                        (C) in an economically distressed area (as
                    determined by the Secretary); or
                        (D) in a colonia.
                (2) Community anchor institution.--The term ``community
            anchor institution'' means--
                        (A) a public library;
                        (B) an elementary or secondary school;
                        (C) an institution of higher education;
                        (D) a health care facility; or
                        (E) any other nonprofit or governmental community
                    support organization.

    SEC. 6307. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION CENTER.

        Subtitle D of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 1981 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 379J. RURAL DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION CENTER.

        ``(a) Definition of Rural Development Mission Areas.--In this
    section, the term `Rural Development Mission Areas' means the agencies
    under the Rural Development Agency at the Department of Agriculture,
    including the Rural Utilities Service, Rural Business-Cooperative
    Service, and the Rural Housing Service.
        ``(b) Establishment.--There is hereby established within the Rural
    Development Mission Areas a Rural Development Innovation Center (the
    `Innovation Center') to promote and facilitate innovation in the
    administration and implementation of rural development programs and
    initiatives.
        ``(c) Functions.--The Innovation Center shall--
                ``(1) review all processes for Rural Development Mission
            Area programs to identify inefficiencies, redundancies, and
            barriers to access, including--
                        ``(A) unnecessary delays in loan and grant
                    applications processing and approvals;
                        ``(B) high application costs; and
                        ``(C) deficiencies in technical assistance for
                    programs;
                ``(2) establish and maintain an ongoing public process for
            public and private stakeholders to provide perspectives on the
            challenges faced when applying for, utilizing, or participating
            in Rural Development Mission Area programs;
                ``(3) identify and assess any innovative strategies and
            collaborative models to enhance the efficiency and
            effectiveness of rural development programs and initiatives;
                ``(4) foster and maintain partnerships with public and
            private stakeholders to leverage expertise and resources for
            the Rural Development Mission Areas;
                ``(5) promote cross-agency collaborations and identify best
            practices in rural economic development;
                ``(6) identify and implement technological solutions and
            software applications to improve the effectiveness and
            efficiency of Rural Development Mission Area programs,
            including enhancing data management systems;
                ``(7) conduct research, analysis, and evaluation to
            modernize, simplify, and improve Rural Development Mission Area
            programs, and ensure that the programs are accessible,
            transparent, and user-friendly; and
                ``(8) disseminate information, guidance, and training
            materials to Rural Development Mission Area personnel and
            stakeholders on innovative rural development practices and
            opportunities.
        ``(d) Modernization Plan.--The Innovation Center shall develop, and
    periodically update, a modernization plan to facilitate innovation in
    administering and implementing rural development programs and
    initiatives that--
                ``(1) outlines strategies aimed at harnessing the potential
            of emerging technologies for program delivery and overall
            service;
                ``(2) enhances program efficiencies by identifying and
            implementing measures to streamline program and administrative
            processes, reduce redundancies, and optimize resource
            allocation;
                ``(3) expands the availability and accessibility of digital
            services, leveraging digital platforms and tools to broaden the
            reach of the programs and improve the overall user experience
            for rural stakeholders;
                ``(4) integrates data-driven solutions to optimize program
            delivery and maximize impact and effectiveness of the efforts
            in rural development; and
                ``(5) establishes periodic milestones and goals to track
            the progress of the modernization plan.
        ``(e) Report.--The Secretary shall submit an annual report to the
    Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on--
                ``(1) the activities and accomplishments of the Innovation
            Center, including progress in advancing rural development
            innovation and the outcome achieved;
                ``(2) a comprehensive working plan designed to actively
            engage public and private stakeholders, as described in
            subsection (c)(2); and
                ``(3) the progress on the modernization plan described in
            subsection (d).''.

    SEC. 6308. RURAL HEALTH LIAISON REPORT.

        Section 236 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6946) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (9), by striking the period and
                    inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(10) coordinate with the National Institute of Food and
            Agriculture in implementation of the Farm and Ranch Stress
            Assistance Network provided for in section 7522 of the Food,
            Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 5936).''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(c) Report.--The Rural Health Liaison shall submit an annual
    report to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate
    outlining the activities conducted under subsection (b).''.

     Subtitle D--Additional Amendments to the Consolidated Farm and Rural
                                Development Act

    SEC. 6401. WATER, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND WASTEWATER FACILITY GRANTS.

        Section 306(a)(2)(B)(vii) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)(B)(vii)) is amended by striking
    ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6402. RURAL WATER AND WASTEWATER CIRCUIT RIDER PROGRAM.

        Section 306(a)(22) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(22)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(22) Rural water and wastewater circuit rider program.--
                        ``(A) Establishment.--The Secretary, through the
                    Rural Utilities Service, shall continue a national
                    rural water and wastewater circuit rider program that
                    is consistent with the activities and results of the
                    program conducted before the date of enactment of this
                    Act, and with this section, as determined by the
                    Secretary.
                        ``(B) Purpose.--The Rural Water and Wastewater
                    Circuit Rider Program shall provide a network of expert
                    rural water Circuit Riders located in all 50 States,
                    including United States territories and Freely
                    Associated States, which work one-on-one with eligible
                    rural water and wastewater systems in major assistance
                    categories described in subparagraph (D). The program
                    is intended to help rural water systems operate
                    effectively and efficiently and achieve long-term
                    sustainability and compliance with certain Federal laws
                    and requirements, including the Safe Water Drinking Act
                    (42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.) and the Clean Water Act (33
                    U.S.C. 1251 et seq.).
                        ``(C) Eligible entities.--In selecting recipients
                    of grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements to be
                    made available for activities listed under subparagraph
                    (D), the Secretary shall select nonprofit organizations
                    that have demonstrated experience providing technical
                    assistance and disaster and recovery assistance for
                    water and wastewater utilities nationwide. Awardees
                    shall rely on personnel that possess active water and
                    wastewater operators' licenses or overall knowledge of
                    water utilities necessary to carry out eligible
                    activities under subparagraph (D).
                        ``(D) Eligible uses of funds.--An eligible entity
                    shall use funds under the Rural Water and Wastewater
                    Circuit Rider program for a rural water, wastewater, or
                    wastewater disposal facility for--
                                ``(i) technical assistance, including--
                                        ``(I) Board training;
                                        ``(II) managerial and financial
                                    operations with the effort to enhance
                                    the long-term sustainability of rural
                                    water and wastewater systems, including
                                    partnerships, consolidation, and
                                    regionalization;
                                        ``(III) physical operation and
                                    maintenance of rural water and
                                    wastewater infrastructure;
                                        ``(IV) water treatment;
                                        ``(V) regulatory compliance;
                                        ``(VI) facility security;
                                        ``(VII) loan application and
                                    reporting;
                                        ``(VIII) cybersecurity;
                                        ``(IX) implementation of
                                    cybersecurity plans, procedures, and
                                    technologies to protect against
                                    cyberthreats; or
                                        ``(X) other areas the Secretary
                                    deems appropriate;
                                ``(ii) disaster and recovery assistance
                            including--
                                        ``(I) direct on-site personnel and
                                    equipment to eligible utilities;
                                        ``(II) coordinating in statewide
                                    emergency response networks;
                                        ``(III) facilitating the
                                    development of action plans between
                                    utilities, local governments, the
                                    Federal Emergency Management Agency and
                                    the State emergency management
                                    agencies;
                                        ``(IV) resiliency and mitigation
                                    planning;
                                        ``(V) GIS mapping;
                                        ``(VI) updating vulnerability
                                    assessments, preparation of emergency
                                    response plans, communication
                                    protocols, hazard recognition and
                                    evaluation skills;
                                        ``(VII) conducting preliminary
                                    damage assessments of critical
                                    infrastructure;
                                        ``(VIII) addressing outstanding
                                    deficiencies focused on resolving
                                    health-based regulatory, operational,
                                    financial, and managerial deficiencies
                                    that impact the sustainability of the
                                    affected utilities;
                                        ``(IX) application and reporting
                                    assistance for Federal and State
                                    requirements including Federal
                                    Emergency Management Agency and
                                    insurance recovery claims;
                                        ``(X) providing for disaster
                                    readiness, support, and response
                                    activities targeted to disadvantaged
                                    communities that lack the financial
                                    resources and human capital necessary
                                    to adequately address significant
                                    health, safety, or sanitary concerns;
                                    and
                                        ``(XI) other areas the Secretary
                                    deems appropriate.
                                ``(iii) Additional uses.--In response to
                            activities under subparagraph (B) related to
                            natural disasters and emergencies, not more
                            than 5 percent of each award may be used to
                            purchase or reimburse the rental costs of
                            appropriate emergency equipment, as determined
                            by the Secretary.
                        ``(E) Eligible project areas.--To receive
                    assistance under the Rural Water and Wastewater Circuit
                    Rider Program and carry out activities, an eligible
                    entity must serve--
                                ``(i) an area with a population of--
                                        ``(I) 10,000 or fewer inhabitants
                                    for technical assistance under
                                    subparagraph (D)(i); or
                                        ``(II) 50,000 or fewer inhabitants
                                    for disaster and recovery assistance
                                    under subparagraph (D)(ii); and
                                ``(ii) a public body, nonprofit
                            corporation, or Indian tribe with legal
                            authority to own and operate the water
                            facility.
                        ``(F) Authorization of appropriations.--There is
                    authorized to be appropriated to carry out this
                    paragraph $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2027 through
                    fiscal year 2031.''.

    SEC. 6403. ZERO AND LOW INTEREST LOANS FOR DISTRESSED WATER SYSTEMS.

        Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) is amended by inserting after paragraph (22) the
    following:
                ``(23) Assistance for distressed water systems.--
                        ``(A) To promote the long-term sustainability and
                    financial viability of eligible rural community waste
                    disposal and water facilities as described in
                    subparagraph (B), for any entity described in
                    subparagraph (C), the Secretary may--
                                ``(i) make a zero percent interest loan or
                            a 1 percent interest loan pursuant to paragraph
                            (1);
                                ``(ii) forgive the principal or interest,
                            or modify any term or condition of a new or
                            existing loan made pursuant to paragraph (1);
                                ``(iii) refinance all or part of any other
                            loan made for an eligible purpose under
                            paragraph (1) of this subsection or section
                            306C; or
                                ``(iv) waive any fee required to insure or
                            guarantee a loan pursuant to paragraph (1) or
                            (24).
                        ``(B) To promote the long-term sustainability and
                    financial viability of the services provided by
                    eligible entities, the Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) provide assistance to an eligible
                            entity for the purpose of--
                                        ``(I) ensuring the entity has
                                    necessary resources to maintain public
                                    health, safety, or order;
                                        ``(II) addressing financial
                                    hardships of the eligible entity, its
                                    customers, and the community it serves;
                                        ``(III) improving the financial
                                    stability of the eligible entity,
                                    including changes to--
                                                ``(aa) operational
                                            practices;
                                                ``(bb) revenue
                                            enhancements;
                                                ``(cc) policy revisions;
                                            and
                                                ``(dd) contract services;
                                            and
                                        ``(IV) supporting a partnership,
                                    regionalization, or consolidation of
                                    the entity with another water system;
                                    and
                                ``(ii) require an applicant to--
                                        ``(I) receive financial planning
                                    assistance and prepare a long-term
                                    financial plan; or
                                        ``(II) partner, regionalize, or
                                    consolidate with another water system.
                        ``(C) An entity shall be eligible for assistance
                    under this paragraph if the entity--
                                ``(i) is a rural water, wastewater, or
                            wastewater disposal system with respect to
                            which assistance may be provided under a water
                            or wastewater, or waste disposal program under
                            this subsection or section 306A, 306C, or 306D,
                            and
                                ``(ii) is--
                                        ``(I) located in a socially
                                    disadvantaged community, a persistent
                                    poverty county, colonia, or distressed
                                    tribal area, as determined by the
                                    Secretary; or
                                        ``(II) facing an economic hardship
                                    as defined by the Secretary.
                        ``(D) An entity eligible under paragraph (1) or (2)
                    of subsection (a) may designate a water and wastewater
                    utility provider to apply for a loan under this
                    paragraph and carry out the loan application on behalf
                    of the eligible entity.
                        ``(E)(i) The Secretary shall evaluate such a loan
                    application on the basis of the needs of the eligible
                    entity and the beneficiaries of the eligible entity
                    rather than the needs of the applicant water and
                    wastewater utility provider.
                        ``(ii) A water and wastewater utility provider to
                    whom a loan is made under this paragraph on the basis
                    of an application submitted on behalf of an eligible
                    entity may use the loan only for the benefit of the
                    residents of the eligible area for which the loan is
                    provided.''.

    SEC. 6404. TRIBAL COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY
                  FACILITIES.

        Section 306(a)(25)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(25)(C)) is amended by striking ``2008
    through 2023'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6405. EMERGENCY AND IMMINENT COMMUNITY WATER ASSISTANCE GRANT
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 306A(i)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1926a(i)(2)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023''
    and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6406. WATER SYSTEMS FOR RURAL AND NATIVE VILLAGES IN ALASKA.

        Section 306D(d)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1926d(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``2008 through 2023''
    and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6407. RURAL DECENTRALIZED WATER SYSTEMS.

        Section 306E of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 1926e) is amended to read as follows:

    ``SEC. 306E. RURAL DECENTRALIZED WATER SYSTEMS.

        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Eligible individual.--The term `eligible individual'
            means an individual who is a member of a household the members
            of which have a combined income (for the most recent 12-month
            period for which the information is available) that is not more
            than 80 percent of the median nonmetropolitan household income
            for the State or territory in which the individual resides,
            according to the most recent decennial census of the United
            States.
                ``(2) Eligible grant recipient.--The term `eligible grant
            recipient' means a private nonprofit organization that uses a
            grant provided under this section for the purposes described in
            subsection (b)(1).
                ``(3) Qualified water quality testing.--The term `qualified
            water quality testing' means a baseline analysis of the
            bacterial and chemical characteristics of concern from a
            drinking water sample collected at the point of consumption and
            tested by a laboratory certified to conduct water quality
            testing that is provided to--
                        ``(A) the Secretary; and
                        ``(B) the eligible grant recipient receiving a
                    grant under this section and any eligible individual
                    served by the eligible grant recipient.
        ``(b) Grants.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may make grants to an
            eligible grant recipient for the purpose of--
                        ``(A) providing loans and subgrants to eligible
                    individuals for--
                                ``(i) the construction, refurbishing, and
                            servicing of individual household water well
                            systems and individually owned household
                            decentralized wastewater systems in rural areas
                            that are or will be owned by the eligible
                            individuals; or
                                ``(ii) in the event of ground well water
                            contamination, the installation or replacement
                            of water treatment, where needed as determined
                            by a qualified water quality test or other
                            third-party documentation to the satisfaction
                            of the Secretary;
                        ``(B) performing qualified water quality testing of
                    individual household water well systems and
                    individually utilized household decentralized
                    wastewater systems in rural areas that are or will be
                    utilized by the eligible individuals; or
                        ``(C) providing technical assistance to eligible
                    individuals for--
                                ``(i) the installation or replacement of
                            individual household water well systems and
                            individually owned household decentralized
                            wastewater systems in rural areas that are or
                            will be owned by the eligible individuals;
                                ``(ii) interpreting qualified water quality
                            tests; or
                                ``(iii) addressing ground well water
                            contamination.
                ``(2) Terms and amounts for loans and subgrants.--
                        ``(A) Terms of loans.--A loan made with grant funds
                    under this section--
                                ``(i) shall have an interest rate of 1
                            percent; and
                                ``(ii) shall have a term not to exceed 20
                            years.
                        ``(B) Amounts.--A loan or subgrant made with grant
                    funds under this section shall not exceed $20,000 for
                    each water well system or decentralized wastewater
                    system described in paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Administrative expenses.--A recipient of a grant made
            under this section may use grant funds to pay administrative
            expenses associated with providing the assistance described in
            paragraph (1), as determined by the Secretary.
                ``(4) Water treatment standards.--Water treatment provided
            under this section shall--
                        ``(A) incorporate components that are third-party
                    certified as compliant with relevant consensus-based
                    standards for drinking water treatment units or
                    systems, as determined by the Secretary; and
                        ``(B) be installed, according to the instructions
                    of the manufacturer, by a qualified, certified, or
                    licensed water treatment professional, including a
                    professional credentialed through a manufacturer or
                    third-party.
        ``(c) Priority in Awarding Grants.--In awarding grants under this
    section, the Secretary shall give priority to an applicant that has
    substantial expertise and experience in promoting the safe and
    effective use of individually owned household water well systems,
    individually owned household decentralized wastewater systems, and
    ground water.
        ``(d) Limitation.--An eligible grant recipient cannot use more than
    10 percent of a grant awarded under this section for the activities
    described under subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection (b)(1).
        ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2027 through 2031.''.

    SEC. 6408. ASSISTANCE TO RURAL ENTITIES.

        Section 310B(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1932(a)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) Precision agriculture; precision agriculture
                    technology.--The terms `precision agriculture' and
                    `precision agriculture technology' have the meanings
                    given those terms in section 1201 of the Food Security
                    Act of 1985.''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph
                    (C);
                        (B) by striking the period at the end of
                    subparagraph (D) and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(E) expanding the adoption of precision
                    agriculture practices, including by financing the
                    acquisition of precision agriculture technology, in
                    order to promote best practices, reduce costs, and
                    improve the environment.''.

    SEC. 6409. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT GRANTS.

        Section 310B(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1932(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``governments and related
            agencies'' and inserting ``governments, related agencies, and
            Indian tribes''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and
            inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6410. RURAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT GRANTS.

        Section 310B(c)(4)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(c)(4)(A)) is amended by striking ``2014
    through 2023'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6411. RURAL COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT GRANTS.

        Section 310B(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1932(e)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) Cooperative development.--The term
                    `cooperative development' means activities including
                    education, training, and technical assistance, to
                    support the start-up, expansion, or ongoing
                    sustainability of new and existing cooperatives.'';
                (2) in paragraph (5)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``underserved
                    and economically distressed areas in rural areas of the
                    United States'' and inserting ``socially vulnerable,
                    underserved, or distressed communities''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (F)--
                                (i) by inserting ``at least'' before ``a 25
                            percent''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``, and all applications
                            that satisfy this subparagraph shall be given
                            the same priority for the scoring criterion
                            based on satisfying this subparagraph'' before
                            the period;
                (3) in paragraph (6), by striking subparagraph (B) and
            inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Award renewals for qualified nonprofit
                    institutions.--The Secretary shall award a grant under
                    this subsection to a nonprofit institution on the same
                    terms and for the establishment or operation of the
                    same center or centers for cooperative development for
                    which the nonprofit institution was awarded a grant in
                    the current fiscal year, if the nonprofit institution--
                                ``(i) is a recipient of an award under this
                            subsection;
                                ``(ii) requests a renewal under this
                            subparagraph;
                                ``(iii) has submitted a complete
                            application under this subsection in the
                            preceding 2 fiscal years; and
                                ``(iv) has operated the center or centers
                            for cooperative development in a manner which
                            successfully meets the parameters described in
                            paragraph (5), as determined by the
                            Secretary.'';
                (4) in paragraph (10), by adding at the end the following:
            ``The Secretary shall analyze the data resulting from the
            research, and include the data and the analysis in the annual
            report submitted by the interagency working group under
            paragraph (12).'';
                (5) in paragraph (12), by adding at the end the following:
            ``Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of
            this sentence and annually thereafter, the interagency working
            group shall submit to the Congress a report describing the
            activities carried out by the working group.''; and
                (6) in paragraph (13), by striking ``2014 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6412. LENDER FEES IN GUARANTEED LOAN PROGRAMS.

        (a) In General.--Section 333 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1983) is
    amended--
                (1) by inserting ``(a) In General.--'' before ``In
            connection'';
                (2) in paragraph (5), by adding ``and'' at the end;
                (3) in paragraph (6)(E), by striking ``; and'' and
            inserting a period;
                (4) by striking paragraph (7); and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) Fees.--
                ``(1) Initial guarantee fee.--The Secretary may assess an
            initial guarantee fee for any insured or guaranteed loan issued
            or modified under section 306(a) in an amount that does not
            exceed 3 percent of the guaranteed principal portion of the
            loan.
                ``(2) Periodic retention fee.--The Secretary may assess a
            periodic retention fee for any insured or guaranteed loan
            issued or modified under section 306(a) in an amount that does
            not exceed 0.75 percent of the outstanding principal of the
            guaranteed loan.
                ``(3) Disclosure.--In altering any fee charged for any
            insured or guaranteed loan issued or modified under section
            306(a), the Secretary, not less than 30 days in advance of any
            fee change, shall provide a public disclosure of the financial
            data, economic and behavioral assumptions, calculations, and
            other factors used to determine the new fee rates.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 310B(g)(5) of such Act (7 U.S.C.
    1932(g)(5)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(5) Fees.--
                        ``(A) Initial guarantee fee.--The Secretary may
                    assess an initial guarantee fee for any guaranteed
                    business and industry loan in an amount that does not
                    exceed 3 percent of the guaranteed principal portion of
                    the loan.
                        ``(B) Periodic retention fee.--The Secretary may
                    assess a periodic retention fee for any guaranteed
                    business and industry loan in an amount that does not
                    exceed 0.75 percent of the outstanding principal of the
                    guaranteed loan.
                        ``(C) Disclosure.--In altering any fee charged for
                    any guaranteed business and industry loan, the
                    Secretary, not less than 30 days in advance of any fee
                    change, shall provide a public disclosure of the
                    financial data, economic and behavioral assumptions,
                    calculations, and other factors used to determine the
                    new fee rates.''.

    SEC. 6413. LOCALLY OR REGIONALLY PRODUCED AGRICULTURAL FOOD PRODUCTS.

        Section 310B(g)(9)(B)(iv)(I) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)(9)(B)(iv)(I)) is amended by striking
    ``2008 through 2023'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6414. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR RURAL AREAS PROGRAM.

        Section 310B(i) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1932(i)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph
                    (C);
                        (B) by striking the period at the end of
                    subparagraph (D) and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(E) provides training opportunities and resources
                    for veterans (as defined in section 101(2) of title 38,
                    United States Code) who actively are or are seeking to
                    become agricultural producers, which shall be known as
                    the `Armed to Farm Initiative'.''; and
                (2) in paragraph (4), by striking ``2008 through 2023.''
            and inserting the following: ``2027 through 2031, of which--
                        ``(A) $3,500,000 shall be made available for each
                    fiscal year for activities described in subparagraphs
                    (A) through (D) of paragraph (2); and
                        ``(B) $1,500,000 shall be available for each fiscal
                    year for activities described in paragraph (2)(E).''.

    SEC. 6415. RURAL ECONOMIC AREA PARTNERSHIP ZONES.

        Section 310B(j) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1932(j)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 6416. INTERMEDIARY RELENDING PROGRAM.

        Section 310H(i) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 1936b(i)) is amended by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and
    inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6417. RURAL HEALTH CARE FACILITY ASSISTANCE.

        (a) In General.--Section 342 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1990a) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``Assistance'' and inserting the following:
        ``(a) Refinancing of Certain Rural Health Care Facility Debt.--
                ``(1) In general.--Assistance'';
                (2) by striking ``rural hospital'' and inserting ``an
            eligible health care facility'';
                (3) by striking ``a community'' and inserting ``an area'';
                (4) by striking ``hospital,'' and inserting ``eligible
            health care facility,''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Requirements.--To promote the long-term
            sustainability and financial viability of an eligible health
            care facility, the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) provide assistance to an eligible health care
                    facility for the purpose of--
                                ``(i) ensuring the facility has necessary
                            resources to maintain public health, safety, or
                            order;
                                ``(ii) addressing financial hardships of
                            the facility, its patients, and the area it
                            serves; and
                                ``(iii) identifying the financial stability
                            of the facility, including--
                                        ``(I) operational practices;
                                        ``(II) revenue enhancements;
                                        ``(III) policy revisions;
                                        ``(IV) partnerships,
                                    regionalization, or consolidation of
                                    rural health systems; and
                                        ``(V) contract services; and
                        ``(B) require an applicant to--
                                ``(i) receive financial planning
                            assistance; and
                                ``(ii) prepare a long-term financial plan.
                ``(3) Waiver.--In the case of an application for
            refinancing pursuant to this section, the Secretary may waive
            the requirement of section 302(a)(1)(D) if the eligible health
            care facility is insolvent.
        ``(b) Rural Health Care Facility Technical Assistance Program.--
                ``(1) In general.--In lieu of any other authority under
            which the Secretary may provide technical assistance to any
            eligible health care facility, the Secretary shall establish,
            and maintain, directly or by grant, contract, or cooperative
            agreement, a Rural Health Care Facility Technical Assistance
            Program (in this section referred to as the `Program') to
            provide technical assistance and training, tailored to the
            capacity and needs of each eligible health care facility, to
            help eligible health care facilities in rural areas--
                        ``(A) identify development needs for maintaining
                    essential health care services, and support action
                    plans for operational and quality improvement projects
                    to meet the development needs;
                        ``(B) better manage their financial and business
                    strategies, including providing financial planning
                    assistance and preparing long-term financial plans; and
                        ``(C) identify, and apply for assistance from, loan
                    and grant programs of the Department of Agriculture for
                    which the facilities are eligible.
                ``(2) Goals.--The goals of the Program shall be to--
                        ``(A) improve the long-term financial position and
                    operational efficiency of the eligible health care
                    facilities;
                        ``(B) prevent the closure of eligible health care
                    facilities;
                        ``(C) strengthen the delivery of health care in
                    rural areas;
                        ``(D) help eligible health care facilities better
                    access and compete for loans and grants from programs
                    administered by the Department of Agriculture; and
                        ``(E) continue the activities of the Rural Hospital
                    Technical Assistance Program in effect as of the date
                    of the enactment of this subsection.
                ``(3) Program participation.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall engage in
                    outreach and engagement strategies to encourage
                    eligible health care facilities to participate in the
                    Program.
                        ``(B) Eligible health care facility selection.--In
                    selecting eligible health care facilities to
                    participate in the Program, the Secretary shall give
                    priority to borrowers and grantees of the Rural Housing
                    Service, Rural Business-Cooperative Service, and Rural
                    Utilities Service. The Secretary may also consider--
                                ``(i) the age and physical state of the
                            health care facility involved;
                                ``(ii) the financial vulnerability of the
                            eligible health care facility, and the ability
                            of the eligible health care facility to meet
                            debt obligations;
                                ``(iii) the electronic health record
                            implementation needs of the health care
                            facility;
                                ``(iv) whether the eligible health care
                            facility is located in a health professional
                            shortage area or a medically underserved area;
                                ``(v) whether the eligible health care
                            facility serves a medically underserved
                            population; and
                                ``(vi) such other criteria and priorities
                            as are determined by the Secretary of
                            Agriculture.
                        ``(C) Reporting requirements.--Not later than 1
                    year after the date of the enactment of this section,
                    and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to
                    the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a written report
                    describing the progress and results of the program
                    conducted under this section, which should include--
                                ``(i) a brief description of each project
                            to provide technical assistance to an eligible
                            health care facility under this section,
                            including--
                                        ``(I) the name and location of the
                                    facility;
                                        ``(II) a description of the
                                    assistance provided;
                                        ``(III) a description of the
                                    outcomes for completed projects;
                                        ``(IV) the cost of the technical
                                    assistance; and
                                        ``(V) any other information the
                                    Secretary deems appropriate;
                                ``(ii) a summary of the technical
                            assistance projects completed;
                                ``(iii) a summary of the outcomes of the
                            technical assistance projects;
                                ``(iv) an assessment of the effectiveness
                            of the Program; and
                                ``(v) recommendations for improving the
                            Program.
                        ``(D) Limitations on authorization of
                    appropriations.--To carry out this section, there are
                    authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary not more
                    than $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through
                    2031.
        ``(c) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the meaning
            given the term in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated
            Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)).
                ``(2) Development needs.--The term `development needs'
            includes--
                        ``(A) constructing, expanding, renovating or
                    otherwise modernizing health care facilities;
                        ``(B) increasing telehealth capabilities;
                        ``(C) acquiring or upgrading health care
                    information systems such as electronic health records;
                        ``(D) providing financial planning assistance and
                    preparing a long-term financial plan; and
                        ``(E) such other needs as the Secretary deems
                    critical to maintaining health care services in the
                    community in which an eligible health care facility is
                    located.
                ``(3) Eligible health care facility.--The term `eligible
            health care facility' means a facility that is located in a
            rural area and is--
                        ``(A) a hospital (as defined in section 1861(e) of
                    the Social Security Act;
                        ``(B) a psychiatric hospital (as defined in section
                    1861(f) of such Act);
                        ``(C) a long-term care hospital (as defined in
                    section 1861(ccc) of such Act);
                        ``(D) a critical access hospital (as defined in
                    section 1861(mm)(1) of such Act);
                        ``(E) a rural health clinic (as defined in section
                    1861(aa)(2) of such Act);
                        ``(F) a religious nonmedical health care
                    institution (as defined in section 1861(ss)(1) of such
                    Act);
                        ``(G) a sole community hospital (as defined in
                    section 1886(d)(5)(C)(iii) of such Act);
                        ``(H) a rural emergency hospital (as defined in
                    section 1861(kkk)(2) of such Act);
                        ``(I) a home health agency (as defined in section
                    1861(o) of such Act); or
                        ``(J) a community health center (as defined in
                    section 330 of the Public Health Service Act).
                ``(4) Health professional shortage area.--The term `health
            professional shortage area' has the meaning given the term in
            section 332(a)(1)(A) of the Public Health Service Act.
                ``(5) Medically underserved area.--The term `medically
            underserved area' has the meaning given the term in section
            330I(a)(5) of the Public Health Service Act.
                ``(6) Medically underserved population.--The term
            `medically underserved population' has the meaning given the
            term in section 330(b)(3) of the Public Health Service Act.''.
        (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall
    take effect on the completion of a rulemaking carrying out such
    amendments.

    SEC. 6418. PROHIBITION ON USE OF LOAN OR GRANT FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES.

        Section 363 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 2006e) is amended to read as follows:

    ``SEC. 363. PROHIBITION ON USE OF LOAN OR GRANT FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall not approve any loan or
    grant under this title to drain, dredge, fill, or level, or otherwise
    manipulate a wetland (as defined in section 1201(a)(16) of the Food
    Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(16))), or to engage in any
    activity that results in impairing or reducing the flow, circulation,
    or reach of water, except in the case of activity related to the
    maintenance of previously converted wetlands, or in the case of such
    activity that commenced before November 29, 1990.
        ``(b) Exclusions.--
                ``(1) Utilities lines.--This section shall not apply to a
            loan made or guaranteed under this title for a utility line.
                ``(2) Permitted activities and projects.--This section
            shall not apply to a rural development loan made or guaranteed
            under section 306 or 306C of this Act for an activity or
            project for which the applicant or borrower has obtained or is
            required to obtain a permit from the Secretary of the Army,
            acting through the Chief of Engineers, under section 10 of the
            Act of March 3, 1899 (33 U.S.C. 403; 30 Stat. 1151, chapter
            425), or section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
            (33 U.S.C. 1344).''.

    SEC. 6419. RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE PROGRAMS TECHNICAL
                  ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING.

        Section 368(d)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 2008c(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023''
    and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6420. NATIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP.

        Section 378 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 2008m) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``2008 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031''; and
                (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 6421. GRANTS FOR NOAA WEATHER RADIO TRANSMITTERS.

        Section 379B(d) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 2008p(d)) is amended by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and
    inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6422. RURAL MICROENTREPRENEUR ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

        Section 379E of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 2008s) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(4), by striking ``$50,000'' and
            inserting ``$75,000'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(1)(A), by striking ``shall not exceed
            75 percent'' and inserting ``may be up to 100 percent, and a
            loan under this section for a project may be used to cover not
            more than 50 percent of any renovation, construction, or
            related costs of real estate improvements under the project'';
                (3) in subsection (c)(1)(B), by inserting ``(or 5 percent,
            in the case of a microenterprise development organization
            serving a persistent poverty county, as determined by the
            Secretary)'' before ``of the total amount''; and
                (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6423. HEALTH CARE SERVICES.

        Section 379G(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 2008u(e)) is amended by striking ``2008 through 2023'' and
    inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6424. STRATEGIC ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT.

        Section 379H(d)(4) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 2008v(d)(4)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023''
    and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6425. RURAL INNOVATION STRONGER ECONOMY GRANT PROGRAM.

        Section 379I of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 2008w) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A)--
                                (i) in clause (iii)--
                                        (I) by striking subclause (I) and
                                    inserting the following:
                                        ``(I) an institution of higher
                                    education (as defined in section 101,
                                    and subparagraphs (A) and (B) of
                                    section 102(a)(1), of the Higher
                                    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001,
                                    1002(a)(1)));'';
                                        (II) by redesignating subclauses
                                    (II) and (III) as subclauses (III) and
                                    (IV), respectively, and inserting after
                                    subclause (I) the following:
                                        ``(II) an area career and technical
                                    education school (as defined in section
                                    3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and
                                    Technical Education Act of 2006 (20
                                    U.S.C. 2302));''; and
                                        (III) in subclause (IV) (as so
                                    redesignated by subclause (II) of this
                                    clause), by striking ``and'';
                                (ii) in clause (iv)--
                                        (I) by striking subclause (IV) and
                                    inserting the following:
                                        ``(IV) an institution of higher
                                    education (as defined in section 101,
                                    and subparagraphs (A) and (B) of
                                    section 102(a)(1), of the Higher
                                    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001,
                                    1002(a)(1)));''; and
                                        (II) by redesignating subclause (V)
                                    as subclause (VI) and inserting after
                                    subclause (IV) the following:
                                        ``(V) an area career and technical
                                    education school (as defined in section
                                    3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and
                                    Technical Education Act of 2006 (20
                                    U.S.C. 2302)); or''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(v) in the case of a career pathway
                            program, includes 1 or more members of the
                            local workforce development board established
                            under section 107 of the Workforce Innovation
                            and Opportunity Act and serving the region to
                            ensure the program is integrated with the
                            activities carried out by the local workforce
                            development board; and''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Career pathway.--The term `career pathway' has the
            meaning given the term in section 3(7) of the Workforce
            Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102(7)).
                ``(7) Industry or sector partnership.--The term `industry
            or sector partnership' has the meaning given the term in
            section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29
            U.S.C. 3102).'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by inserting ``or carry out career pathway
                            training programs or industry or sector
                            partnerships aligned with industry sectors in
                            rural communities'' before ``, including'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                            ``and'' after the semicolon;
                                (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the
                            period and inserting a semicolon; and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) address workforce challenges, including
                    worker displacement, faced by specific industry sectors
                    in rural communities; and
                        ``(D) promote targeted skills development and
                    training initiatives to stimulate innovation and
                    enhance economic development in rural regions.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) in clause (i), by inserting ``,
                                    career pathway programs, or industry or
                                    sector partnerships'' before the
                                    semicolon; and
                                        (II) in clause (ii)--
                                                (aa) by inserting ``,
                                            career pathway programs, or
                                            industry or sector
                                            partnerships'' before ``to
                                            provide''; and
                                                (bb) by inserting
                                            ``leadership development,''
                                            before ``customized training'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking the
                            period and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) the ability of the eligible entity to carry
                    out activities to address the issues of worker
                    displacement, an aging workforce, and youth
                    migration.''; and
                        (C) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(5) Geographic distribution.--The Secretary shall ensure
            regional diversity of recipients of grants or participants in
            providing grants under paragraph (1) for jobs accelerators,
            career pathway programs, and related programming.'';
                (3) in subsection (d)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B)(xi), by striking the period
                    and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) to support career pathway programs or
                    industry or sector partnerships to be carried out
                    within industries in rural communities, including--
                                ``(i) telecommunications or broadband
                            services;
                                ``(ii) water, waste water, or disposal
                            services;
                                ``(iii) electric supply services;
                                ``(iv) forestry and logging operations;
                                ``(v) conservation practices and
                            management;
                                ``(vi) health care and child care;
                                ``(vii) manufacturing;
                                ``(viii) agribusiness related to
                            production, processing, and distribution;
                                ``(ix) veterinarian services; and
                                ``(x) any other sectors identified by the
                            local workforce development board serving the
                            region to be an in-demand industry sector or
                            occupation, as defined in section 3 of the
                            Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act.'';
                (4) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                                (i) in clause (xvii), by striking ``or'';
                                (ii) by redesignating clause (xviii) as
                            clause (xix) and inserting after clause (xvii)
                            the following:
                        ``(xviii) the number of individuals who have
                    completed skills development, recognized postsecondary
                    credentials, or gained specialized education through
                    career pathways programs or industry or sector
                    partnerships; or''; and
                                (iii) in clause (xix) (as so redesignated
                            by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph), by
                            striking the period and inserting ``; and'';
                            and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) in the case of a career pathway program or industry
            or sector partnership, report to the Secretary the employment
            and earnings outcomes for individuals who participate in the
            program on the indicators described in subclauses (I) through
            (III) of section 116(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Workforce Innovation
            and Opportunity Act.''; and
                (5) in subsection (f), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6426. LIMITATION ON RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES CONTROLLED
                  BY FARM CREDIT SYSTEM INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 384J(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act
    (7 U.S.C. 2009cc-9(c)) is amended by striking ``50'' and inserting
    ``75''.

    SEC. 6427. RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT PROGRAM.

        Section 384S of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7
    U.S.C. 2009cc-18) is amended by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and
    inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6428. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

        Each of the following provisions of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
    Development Act are amended by striking ``urbanized'' and inserting
    ``urban'':
                (1) Section 343(a)(13)(A)(ii) (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(A)(ii)).
                (2) Section 343(a)(13)(D)(i)(I) (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(D)(i)(I)), in the matter preceding item (aa).
                (3) Section 343(a)(13)(D)(i)(I)(bb) (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(D)(i)(I)(bb)).
                (4) Section 343(a)(13)(D)(i)(II) (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(D)(i)(II)).
                (5) Section 343(a)(13)(E) (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(E)).
                (6) Section 343(a)(13)(F)(i)(II) (7 U.S.C.
            1991(a)(13)(F)(i)(II)).
                (7) Section 384I(c)(4)(C) (7 U.S.C. 2009cc-8(c)(4)(C)).

    SEC. 6429. RURAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING
                  PROGRAMS.

        Section 306(a)(14) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development
    Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(14)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                        (A) by striking ``technical assistance and training
                    to--'' and inserting ``for--'';
                        (B) in clause (v), by striking the period and
                    inserting ``; or''; and
                        (C) by redesignating clauses (i) through (v) as
                    subclauses (I) through (V), respectively, and moving
                    each such provision 2 ems to the right; and
                        (D) by inserting before the matter so redesignated
                    the following:
                                ``(i) technical assistance and training
                            to--''; and
                        (E) by adding after and below the end the
                    following:
                                ``(ii) disaster and recovery assistance.'';
                            and
                (2) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``or disaster and
            recovery assistance'' before ``described''.

     Subtitle E--Additional Amendments to the Rural Electrification Act of
                                      1936

    SEC. 6501. GUARANTEES FOR BONDS AND NOTES ISSUED FOR UTILITY
                  INFRASTRUCTURE PURPOSES.

        Section 313A(f) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    940c-1(f)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 6502. EXTENSION OF THE RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT LOAN AND GRANT
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 313B of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    940c-2) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
        ``(b) Repayments.--
                ``(1) In general.--In the case of zero interest loans, the
            Secretary shall establish such reasonable repayment terms as
            will encourage borrower participation.
                ``(2) Letters of credit.--The Secretary shall not require a
            letter of credit or other similar guarantee from a recipient of
            a zero-interest loan under this section if the borrower assigns
            the Secretary a security interest in any collateral provided to
            secure a loan made with funds loaned under this section, or
            makes other similar arrangements to the satisfaction of the
            Secretary.''; and
                (2) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 6503. EXPANSION OF 911 ACCESS.

        Section 315(d) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C.
    940e(d)) is amended by striking ``2008 through 2023'' and inserting
    ``2027 through 2031''.

              TITLE VII--RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND RELATED MATTERS

      Subtitle A--National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching
                               Policy Act of 1977

    SEC. 7101. NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, EDUCATION, AND
                  ECONOMICS ADVISORY BOARD.

        Section 1408 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``15'' and
                    inserting ``16'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the
                    following:
                        ``(E) 1 member representing the industry, consumer,
                    or rural interests of insular areas.''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (5), by striking ``7'' and
                    inserting ``3''; and
                (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 7102. SPECIALTY CROP COMMITTEE.

        Section 1408A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later
                    than'' and all that follows through ``initial members
                    of'' and inserting ``The Secretary shall continue to
                    implement, and appoint the members of''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (C), by adding a period
                            at the end; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking
                            ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``executive
            committee'' and inserting ``Secretary''.

    SEC. 7103. VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT.

        Section 1415A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3151a) is amended--
                (1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
        ``(b) Determination of Veterinarian Shortage Situations.--In
    determining `veterinarian shortage situations', the Secretary--
                ``(1) may consider--
                        ``(A) geographical areas that the Secretary
                    determines have a shortage of veterinarians;
                        ``(B) areas of veterinary practice that the
                    Secretary determines have a shortage of veterinarians,
                    such as food animal medicine, public health,
                    epidemiology, and food safety; and
                        ``(C) areas described in subparagraphs (A) and (B)
                    identified by appropriate State agencies; and
                ``(2) shall--
                        ``(A) develop quantitative mechanisms for
                    predicting the emergence of new veterinarian shortage
                    situations in the short-term and long-term; and
                        ``(B) make available to State agencies described in
                    paragraph (1)(C) the quantitative mechanisms developed
                    under subparagraph (A).''; and
                (2) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(9) Eligibility.--The Secretary shall not make a
            veterinarian ineligible for the program under this section
            based on a veterinarian's participation in a comparable
            Federal, State, or local program.
                ``(10) Application process.--Not later than 1 year after
            the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National
            Security Act of 2026, the Secretary shall establish streamlined
            application procedures and guidelines for entering into
            agreements with veterinarians under this section.''.

    SEC. 7104. VETERINARY SERVICES GRANT PROGRAM.

        Section 1415B of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3151b) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A)(i), by striking ``, as
                    defined in'' and all that follows through ``1991(a))'';
                    and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Rural area.--The term ``rural area'' has the meaning
            given such term in section 343(a) of the Consolidated Farm and
            Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)).'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(2)--
                        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as
                    subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
                    following:
                        ``(B) expand, retain, or attract additional
                    veterinary practices in rural areas;'';
                (3) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(5) Application process.--Not later than 1 year after the
            date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
            of 2026 the Secretary shall establish a streamlined application
            process.''; and
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``To
                    Relieve Veterinarian Shortage Situations and Support
                    Veterinary Services''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by striking ``situations and support'' and
                            inserting ``situations, to expand, retain, or
                            attract additional veterinary practices in
                            rural areas, and to support''; and
                                (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) To cover expenses associated with starting a
                    new veterinary practice or attracting new veterinarians
                    to existing practices, including--
                                ``(i) relocation expenses;
                                ``(ii) the purchase of necessary startup
                            equipment; and
                                ``(iii) housing or living stipends for
                            veterinary students, veterinary interns,
                            externs, fellows, and residents, and veterinary
                            technician students.''.

    SEC. 7105. GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SCIENCES
                  EDUCATION.

        Section 1417(m)(2) of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3152(m)(2)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7106. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD POLICY RESEARCH CENTERS.

        Section 1419A(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3155(e)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7107. EDUCATION GRANTS TO ALASKA NATIVE SERVING INSTITUTIONS AND
                  NATIVE HAWAIIAN SERVING INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 1419B of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3156) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the
                    following: ``The term of such grants may be for a
                    period of more than 1 year, but not more than 5
                    years.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the
                    following: ``The term of such grants may be for a
                    period of more than 1 year, but not more than 5
                    years.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7108. NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAM.

        Section 1425(g) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3175(g)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7109. CONTINUING ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAMS.

        Section 1433 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3195) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Carryover.--The balance of any annual funds provided
            to an eligible institution for a fiscal year under this
            subsection that remains unexpended at the end of that fiscal
            year may be carried over for use during the following fiscal
            year.''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7110. EXTENSION AND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AT 1890 LAND-GRANT
                  COLLEGES, INCLUDING TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY.

        (a) Extension.--Section 1444(a)(2) of the National Agricultural
    Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C.
    3221(a)(2)) is amended by striking ``20 percent'' and inserting ``40
    percent''.
        (b) Research.--Section 1445 of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``30 percent'' and
            inserting ``40 percent'';
                (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``the research
            director'' each place it appears and inserting ``the
            agricultural research director''; and
                (3) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) by striking ``a research director'' and
                    inserting ``an agricultural research director''; and
                        (B) by striking ``or other officer''.

    SEC. 7111. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR STUDENTS AT 1890 INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 1446 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222a) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by inserting ``(commonly known
            as the david a. scott scholarship program for students at 1890
            institutions)'' before the period at the end; and
                (2) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7112. GRANTS TO UPGRADE AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCES FACILITIES
                  AT 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGES, INCLUDING TUSKEGEE
                  UNIVERSITY.

        Section 1447(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b(b)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7113. GRANTS TO UPGRADE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SCIENCES FACILITIES
                  AND EQUIPMENT AND SUPPORT TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL
                  AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AT INSULAR AREA LAND-GRANT COLLEGES
                  AND UNIVERSITIES.

        Section 1447B(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b-2(d)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7114. MATCHING FUNDS REQUIREMENT FOR RESEARCH AND EXTENSION
                  ACTIVITIES AT ELIGIBLE INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 1449 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222d) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking ``Not later than September 30,
                    1999'' and inserting ``Beginning on September 30, 2026,
                    and not later than September 30 of each fiscal year
                    thereafter''; and
                        (B) by striking ``fiscal year 1999'' and inserting
                    ``the fiscal year ending on that September 30''; and
                (2) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
        ``(c) State Matching Funds Requirement.--Notwithstanding any other
    provision of this subtitle, for each fiscal year, a State shall provide
    to each eligible institution located in the State matching funds from
    non-Federal sources in an amount equal to the amounts provided to the
    eligible institution under sections 1444 and 1445 for the purposes
    described in subsection (b)(1).''.

    SEC. 7115. NEW BEGINNING FOR TRIBAL STUDENTS.

        Section 1450 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222e) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``land-grant
                    college or university'' and inserting ``land-grant
                    college or university (except for a 1994 Institution
                    (as defined in section 532 of the Equity in Educational
                    Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-382; 7
                    U.S.C. 301 note)))''; and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (5); and
                (2) in subsection (d), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 7116. EDUCATION GRANTS PROGRAMS FOR HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 1455(c) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3241(c)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7117. BINATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

        Section 1458(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3291(e)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``entered into'' and
            inserting ``, as entered into in 1977,'';
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``United States and
            Israel'' and inserting ``United States, Israel, or other
            signatories of the Abraham Accords Declaration''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) BARD fund accelerator.--The BARD Fund shall establish
            an accelerator program that supports mid-stage research, as
            determined by the technology readiness level, in priority areas
            established by the BARD Fund that--
                        ``(A) fast-tracks cooperative research between
                    scientists participating in activities described in
                    paragraph (2);
                        ``(B) accelerates the successful development of
                    agricultural research through resources and services
                    developed or orchestrated by the BARD Fund;
                        ``(C) provides management guidance, technical
                    assistance, and consulting to scientists participating
                    in activities described in paragraph (2); or
                        ``(D) advances cooperative agricultural research
                    projects of mutual interest to the United States,
                    Israel, or other signatories of the Abraham Accords
                    Declaration.''.

    SEC. 7118. GRANTS AND PARTNERSHIPS FOR INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL
                  RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION.

        (a) In General.--Section 1458A of the National Agricultural
    Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292) is
    amended--
                (1) by amending the section heading to read as follows
            ``grants and partnerships for international agricultural
            research, extension, and education'';
                (2) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the
            following:
        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Developing country.--The term `developing country'
            means a country that meets such criteria as determined by the
            Secretary, established using a gross national income per capita
            test selected by the Secretary.
                ``(2) Eligible institution.--The term `eligible
            institution' means--
                        ``(A) a land-grant colleges or university;
                        ``(B) a non-land-grant college of agriculture;
                        ``(C) a Hispanic-serving agricultural college or
                    university; and
                        ``(D) a cooperating forestry school.
                ``(3) International partner institution.--The term
            `international partner institution' means a higher education
            institution in a developing country that is performing, or
            desiring to perform, activities similar to agricultural
            research, extension, and education activities carried out
            through eligible institutions in the United States.
        ``(b) Grants and Partnerships.--
                ``(1) Grants.--The Secretary may make competitive grants to
            eligible institutions in order to strengthen United States
            economic competitiveness and to promote international market
            development through--
                        ``(A) enhancing the international content of the
                    curricula in colleges and universities so as to ensure
                    that United States students acquire an understanding of
                    the international dimensions and trade implications of
                    their studies;
                        ``(B) ensuring that United States scientists,
                    extension agents, and educators involved in
                    agricultural research and development activities
                    outside of the United States have the opportunity to
                    convey the implications of their activities and
                    findings to their peers and students in the United
                    States and to the users of agricultural research,
                    extension, and teaching;
                        ``(C) enhancing the capabilities of colleges and
                    universities to do collaborative research with other
                    countries, in cooperation with other Federal agencies,
                    on issues relevant to United States agricultural
                    competitiveness;
                        ``(D) enhancing the capabilities of colleges and
                    universities to provide cooperative extension education
                    to promote the application of new technology developed
                    in foreign countries to United States agriculture; and
                        ``(E) enhancing the capability of United States
                    colleges and universities, in cooperation with other
                    Federal agencies, to provide leadership and educational
                    programs that will assist United States natural
                    resources and food production, processing, and
                    distribution businesses and industries to compete
                    internationally, including through the use of product
                    market identification, international policies limiting
                    or enhancing market production, the development of new
                    or enhancement of existing markets, and production
                    efficiencies.
                ``(2) Partnerships.--The Secretary may promote cooperation
            and coordination between eligible institutions and
            international partner institutions through--
                        ``(A) improving extension by--
                                ``(i) encouraging the exchange of research
                            materials and results between eligible
                            institutions and international partner
                            institutions;
                                ``(ii) facilitating the broad dissemination
                            of agricultural research through extension;
                                ``(iii) assisting with efforts to plan and
                            initiate extension services in developing
                            countries; and
                                ``(iv) developing self-sustaining regional
                            agricultural markets and promoting the
                            application of new agricultural technologies
                            and techniques;
                        ``(B) improving agricultural research by--
                                ``(i) in partnership with international
                            partner institutions, encouraging research that
                            addresses problems affecting food production
                            and security, human nutrition, agriculture,
                            forestry, livestock, and fisheries, including
                            local challenges; and
                                ``(ii) supporting and strengthening
                            national agricultural research systems in
                            developing countries;
                        ``(C) improving agricultural teaching and education
                    by--
                                ``(i) in partnership with international
                            partner institutions, supporting education and
                            teaching relating to food and agricultural
                            sciences, including technical assistance,
                            degree training, research collaborations,
                            classroom instruction, workforce training, and
                            education programs; and
                                ``(ii) assisting with efforts to increase
                            student capacity, including to encourage
                            equitable access for women and other
                            underserved populations, at international
                            partner institutions by promoting partnerships
                            with, and improving the capacity of, eligible
                            institutions;
                        ``(D) assisting eligible institutions in
                    strengthening their capacity for food, agricultural,
                    and related research, extension, and teaching programs
                    relevant to agricultural development activities in
                    developing countries to promote the application of new
                    technology to improve education delivery;
                        ``(E) providing support for the
                    internationalization of resident instruction programs
                    of eligible institutions;
                        ``(F) establishing a program, to be coordinated by
                    the Director of the National Institute of Food and
                    Agriculture and the Administrator of the Foreign
                    Agricultural Service, to place interns from eligible
                    institutions in, or in service to benefit, developing
                    countries; and
                        ``(G) establishing a program to provide fellowships
                    to students at eligible institutions to study at
                    foreign agricultural colleges and universities.'';
                (3) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1), by striking ``covered Institutions'' and inserting
            ``eligible institutions''; and
                (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1459A of the National
    Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7
    U.S.C. 3292b) is repealed.

    SEC. 7119. RESEARCH EQUIPMENT GRANTS.

        Section 1462A(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3310a(e)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7120. UNIVERSITY RESEARCH.

        Section 1463 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3311) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' each place it appears in subsections (a) and (b) and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 7121. EXTENSION SERVICE.

        Section 1464 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3312) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7122. SUPPLEMENTAL AND ALTERNATIVE CROPS.

        Section 1473D of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as
                    subparagraph (G); and
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the
                    following:
                ``(F) to examine potential benefits and opportunities for
            supplemental and alternative crops (including winter-planted
            rapeseed and winter-planted canola crops); and''; and
                (3) in subsection (e)(3), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7123. GRANTS FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGE AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL
                  RESOURCES PROGRAMS.

         Section 1473E of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319e) is amended--
                (1) by amending the section heading to read as follows:
            ``grants for community college agriculture and natural
            resources programs'';
                (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e);
                (3) by striking subsections (a) through (c) and inserting
            the following:
        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                        ``(A) a junior or community college (as defined in
                    section 312 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
                    U.S.C. 1058)) supporting agriculture advancement;
                        ``(B) a consortium or alliance of 2-year public
                    colleges supporting agriculture advancement; or
                        ``(C) an area career and technical education school
                    (as defined in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career
                    and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302))
                    that offers a program of study in agriculture.
                ``(2) Work-based learning.--The term `work-based learning'
            has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the Carl D.
            Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C.
            2302).
        ``(b) Competitive Grants.--The Secretary shall make competitive
    grants to eligible entities to conduct workforce training, education,
    research, and outreach activities relating to food and agricultural
    sciences.
        ``(c) Priority.--In making grants under subsection (b), the
    Secretary shall give priority to an eligible entity coordinating with a
    local agriculture industry operator or conservation district to provide
    work-based learning, experiential training, and other opportunities for
    students.
        ``(d) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity that receives a grant under
    subsection (b) may use the funds made available through the grant--
                ``(1) to offer educational programming on agricultural
            industry jobs, including farm business management-related
            subjects, such as accounting, paralegal studies, finance, and
            soil, water, and related resource conservation;
                ``(2) to develop apprenticeships and other work-based
            learning opportunities; and
                ``(3) other services that would increase workforce
            training, education, research, and outreach activities relating
            to food and agricultural sciences, as determined by the
            Secretary.''; and
                (4) in subsection (e), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7124. CAPACITY BUILDING GRANTS FOR NLGCA INSTITUTIONS.

        Section 1473F(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319i(b)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7125. AGRICULTURE ADVANCED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.

        Section 1473H of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319k) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by inserting ``, including precision
                            agriculture,'' after ``equipment''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``relating to the research
                            and development of qualified products and
                            projects'';
                        (B) in paragraph (5)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking
                            ``Person'' and inserting ``Eligible entity'';
                                (ii) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by striking ``person'' and inserting
                            ``eligible entity'';
                                (iii) by striking subparagraph (E); and
                                (iv) by redesignating subparagraphs (F)
                            through (H) as subparagraphs (E) through (G),
                            respectively;
                        (C) in paragraph (6)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B)(iii), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking
                            the period at the end and inserting ``; or'';
                            and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) any other product or project, as determined
                    by the Secretary.''; and
                        (D) in paragraph (7), by striking ``that is
                    developed to assist in the discovery, development, or
                    manufacture of a qualified product or project'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by amending subparagraph (B)
                    to read as follows:
                        ``(B) to overcome the long-term and high-risk
                    technological barriers in the development of
                    agricultural technologies, research tools, and
                    qualified products and projects that enhance export
                    competitiveness, environmental sustainability, water
                    conservation, and resilience to extreme weather,
                    drought, infectious diseases, plant and animal
                    pathogens, and plant and animal pests;'';
                        (B) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking
                            ``persons'' and inserting ``eligible
                            entities''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (G), by striking
                            ``persons'' and inserting ``eligible
                            entities''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (7)(A)--
                                (i) by striking ``a person'' and inserting
                            ``an eligible entity''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``the person'' and
                            inserting ``the eligible entity'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``persons'' and
                    inserting ``eligible entities''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Use of strategic plan.--The Secretary shall use the
            strategic plan developed under paragraph (1) to inform the
            administration of AGARDA under this section.'';
                (4) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031''; and
                (5) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``5 years'' and
                    inserting ``13 years''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``5-year'' and
                    inserting ``13-year''.

    SEC. 7126. AQUACULTURE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.

        Section 1477(a)(2) of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3324(a)(2)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and insert ``2031''.

    SEC. 7127. SPECIAL AUTHORIZATION FOR BIOSECURITY PLANNING AND RESPONSE.

        Section 1484(a)(3) of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3351(a)(3)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7128. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROTECTION GRANT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 1485 of the National Agricultural
    Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3352) is
    amended--
                (1) by amending the section heading to read as follows:
            ``agriculture and food protection grant program'';
                (2) by striking subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and
            (f) and inserting the following:
        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a competitive
    grant program under which the Secretary will award grants to eligible
    entities to support research, extension, and education activities that
    improve the capability of the United States to protect the food and
    agricultural system from any chemical, biological, cybersecurity, or
    bioterrorism attack.
        ``(b) Use of Funds.--Grants made under this section shall be used
    to--
                ``(1) encourage basic and applied research and development
            of agricultural countermeasures;
                ``(2) promote the development and expansion of teaching
            programs in agriculture, veterinary medicine, and other
            disciplines closely allied to the food and agriculture system
            to increase the number of trained individuals with an expertise
            in agricultural biosecurity and cybersecurity;
                ``(3) expand or upgrade facilities to meet biosafety and
            biosecurity requirements necessary to protect facility staff,
            members of the public, and the food supply while carrying out
            agricultural biosecurity research;
                ``(4) costs associated with the acquisition of equipment
            and other capital costs related to expansion of food,
            agriculture, and veterinary medicine teaching programs in
            agricultural biosecurity and cybersecurity; or
                ``(5) otherwise improve the capacity of the United States
            to respond in a timely manner to emerging or existing threats.
        ``(c) Eligible Entities.--Entities eligible to receive a grant
    under this section include--
                ``(1) State agricultural experiment stations;
                ``(2) State departments of agriculture;
                ``(3) colleges and universities;
                ``(4) university research foundations;
                ``(5) other research institutions and organizations;
                ``(6) Federal agencies;
                ``(7) national laboratories; or
                ``(8) any group consisting of 2 or more of the entities
            described in paragraphs (1) through (7).'';
                (3) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (d); and
                (4) in subsection (d), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``for each fiscal year.'' and inserting ``for each of fiscal
            years 2027 through 2031.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--Chapters 1 and 2 of subtitle B of title
    XIV of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8912,
    8913, 8921, and 8922) are repealed.

    SEC. 7129. DISTANCE EDUCATION GRANTS FOR INSULAR AREAS.

        Section 1490(f)(2) of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3362(f)(2)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7130. RESIDENT INSTRUCTION GRANTS FOR INSULAR AREAS.

        Section 1491(c)(2) of the National Agricultural Research,
    Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3363(c)(2)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7131. REPEALS.

        (a) Section 1410 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 ((7 U.S.C. 3125) is repealed.
        (b) Section 1419C of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3158) is repealed.
        (c) Section 1447A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b-1) is repealed.
        (d) Subtitle M of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
    and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3331 et seq.) is repealed.

       Subtitle B--Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

    SEC. 7201. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.

        Subtitle B of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
    Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' each place it appears in sections 1624 (7 U.S.C. 5814),
    1627(d) (7 U.S.C. 5821(d)), 1628(f)(2) (7 U.S.C. 5831(f)(2)), and
    1629(i) (7 U.S.C. 5832(i)), and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7202. NATIONAL GENETICS RESOURCES PROGRAM.

        Section 1635(b)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
    Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5844(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023''
    and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7203. AGRICULTURAL GENOME TO PHENOME INITIATIVE.

        Section 1671(g) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5924(g)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7204. HIGH-PRIORITY RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVES.

        Section 1672 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) by striking paragraphs (5), (6), (9), (10),
                    (11), (13), and (18);
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (7), (8), (12),
                    (14), (15), (16), (17), (19), and (20) as paragraphs
                    (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), and (13),
                    respectively;
                        (C) in paragraph (11), as so redesignated, by
                    inserting ``and harmful algal blooms'' after ``macro-
                    algae systems''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(14) Fertilizer and nutrient management initiative.--
            Research and extension grants may be made under this section
            for the purposes of carrying out research to improve fertilizer
            use efficiency in crops and examining nutrient management based
            on the source, rate, timing, and placement of crop nutrients.
                ``(15) Tropical plant health initiative.--Research and
            extension grants may be made under this section for the
            purposes of--
                        ``(A) developing and disseminating science-based
                    tools and treatments to combat plant pests and noxious
                    weeds (as those terms are defined in section 403 of the
                    Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702)) that impact
                    tropical plants, including--
                                ``(i) coffee plants;
                                ``(ii) macadamia trees;
                                ``(iii) cacao trees;
                                ``(iv) plantains and bananas;
                                ``(v) mangos;
                                ``(vi) vanilla plants;
                                ``(vii) tropical floriculture and nursery
                            crops; and
                                ``(viii) any other tropical plant as
                            determined by the Secretary;
                        ``(B) establishing an areawide integrated pest
                    management program in areas affected by, or areas at
                    risk of being affected by, plant pests or noxious
                    weeds;
                        ``(C) surveying and collecting data on tropical
                    plant production and health;
                        ``(D) investigating tropical plant biology,
                    immunology, ecology, genomics, and bioinformatics; and
                        ``(E) conducting research on various factors that
                    may contribute to, or be associated with, tropical
                    plant immune systems and other serious threats to
                    tropical plants.
                ``(16) Biochar research.--Research and extension grants may
            be made under this section for the purpose of testing the full
            range of biochar types across soil types, soil health and soil
            management conditions, application methods, and climatic and
            agronomic regions, including through the establishment of a
            national biochar research network, to--
                        ``(A) assess the soil carbon sequestration
                    potential of various biochars and management systems
                    integrating biochar use;
                        ``(B) understand how to use biochar productively to
                    contribute to climate mitigation, crop production,
                    resilience to extreme weather events, ecosystem and
                    soil health, natural resource conservation, and farm
                    profitability; and
                        ``(C) deliver science-based, region-specific, cost-
                    effective, and practical information to farmers,
                    ranchers, foresters, land reclamation managers, urban
                    land managers, and other land and natural resource
                    managers and businesses on sustainable biochar
                    production and application.
                ``(17) Wildfire smoke exposure research.--Research and
            extension grants may be made under this section for the
            purposes of studying the impact of wildfire smoke exposure on
            specialty crops, including wine grapes, hops, stone fruit, and
            apples, by--
                        ``(A) conducting research--
                                ``(i) to identify the compounds responsible
                            for smoke exposure; and
                                ``(ii) to establish standard methodologies
                            for sampling and testing smoke-exposed
                            specialty crops and smoke-affected products,
                            including fast and inexpensive screening
                            methods;
                        ``(B) establishing a reliable database of
                    background levels of smoke exposure compounds that
                    occur naturally in specialty crops;
                        ``(C) developing risk assessment tools or
                    mitigation methods to reduce or eliminate smoke
                    exposure; and
                        ``(D) studying compounds that can act as a barrier
                    between specialty crops and smoke compounds.
                ``(18) Invasive species research.--Research and extension
            grants may be made under this section for the purposes of
            developing and disseminating science-based tools and treatments
            to manage or eradicate (including through methods of biocontrol
            and sterile insect techniques) invasive species of plants and
            animals, such as the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula),
            navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella), and spotted wing
            drosophila (Drosophila suzukii).
                ``(19) Microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl
            substances on farmland.--Research and extension grants may be
            made under this section for the purposes of carrying out or
            enhancing research on the agricultural impacts of microplastics
            and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, including structural
            firefighting foam, in land-applied biosolids or compost on
            farmland, including by--
                        ``(A) conducting surveys and collecting data on
                    concentration, particle size, and chemical composition
                    of such substances in land-applied biosolids on
                    farmland;
                        ``(B) the development or analysis of techniques,
                    including wastewater treatment and composting, to
                    filter out or biodegrade such substances from biosolids
                    intended to be used for agricultural purposes;
                        ``(C) conducting an analysis of the impact on
                    agricultural crops and soil health of such substances
                    in land-applied biosolids on farmland, including the
                    uptake of such substances by various crops or
                    livestock;
                        ``(D) conducting research to better understand how
                    wastewater processing impacts such substances;
                        ``(E) conducting research to better understand the
                    fate, residence time, and transport of such substances
                    on farmland; and
                        ``(F) conducting research on how to remediate soil
                    and water systems contaminated with such substances.
                ``(20) Agricultural byproducts research.--Research and
            extension grants may be made under this section for the
            purposes of converting agricultural byproducts or forest
            residuals into valuable materials and products, including
            innovations in production processes for easily deployable
            refining facilities, developing alternatives to agricultural
            burning, and fostering energy production through recycling
            animal byproducts, wet waste, and plant-based waste.
                ``(21) Soil health research.--Research and extension grants
            may be made under this section for the purposes of--
                        ``(A) developing management practices that improve
                    soil health, including establishing tools that aid soil
                    preservation or improve composition of soil organic
                    compounds that are beneficial to soil quality and the
                    environment; and
                        ``(B) disseminating such practices through methods
                    such as innovative coursework and work-based learning.
                ``(22) White oak research.--Research and extension grants
            may be made under this section for the purposes of white oak
            research, including conducting research on--
                        ``(A) white oak genes with resistance and stress
                    tolerance;
                        ``(B) white oak trees that exhibit vigor for the
                    purpose of increasing survival and growth;
                        ``(C) establishing a diverse white oak seed bank
                    capable of responding to stressors;
                        ``(D) providing a sustainable supply of white oak
                    seedlings and genetic resources;
                        ``(E) reforestation of white oak through natural
                    and artificial regeneration; and
                        ``(F) the best methods for reforesting abandoned
                    mine land sites.
                ``(23) Alternative growing media research.--Research and
            extension grants may be made under this section for the
            purposes of developing and enhancing research on the
            characterization, utilization, and evaluation of alternative
            growing media, including science-based techniques that maximize
            functions in the growth of plants and harvest yields.
                ``(24) Rangeland research.--Research and extension grants
            may be made under this section for the purposes of carrying out
            or enhancing research on the development of forage production
            and improved grazing and range management, including the
            adoption of virtual fencing technology that simultaneously
            enhance wildlife habitat, protect watersheds, and reduce
            hazards of erosion and flooding.
                ``(25) Specialty crop mechanization and automation
            research.--Research and extension grants may be made under this
            section for the purpose of developing and evaluating
            mechanization and automation technologies for specialty
            crops.'';
                (2) in subsection (e)(5), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031'';
                (3) in subsection (f)(5), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031'';
                (4) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031'';
                (5) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i);
                (6) by inserting after subsection (g) the following:
        ``(h) Report.--Not later than February 1, 2028, and not less
    frequently than once every other year thereafter, the Secretary shall
    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate
    a report describing how the Department carried out research and
    extension activities specified in subsections (d) through (f) for the
    previous two fiscal years, including the amount of funding allocated to
    each high-priority research and extension initiative, through--
                ``(1) amounts made available under appropriations Acts to
            the Agricultural Research Service;
                ``(2) amounts made available to the National Institute of
            Food and Agriculture under capacity and infrastructure programs
            (as defined in section 251 of the Department of Agriculture
            Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971));
                ``(3) amounts made available to the National Institute of
            Food and Agriculture under competitive programs (as defined in
            such section); and
                ``(4) amounts made available through other agencies within
            the Department.''; and
                (7) in subsection (i) (as redesignated by paragraph (4)),
            by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7205. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVE.

        Section 1672B of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925b) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031'';
                (2) by striking subsection (e);
                (3) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (e); and
                (4) in subsection (e), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031''; and
                        (B) by striking paragraph (3).

    SEC. 7206. FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT.

        Section 1672D(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
    Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925f(d)(2)) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7207. URBAN, INDOOR, AND OTHER EMERGING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
                  RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION INITIATIVE.

        Section 1672E(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925g(a))--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``the Urban Agriculture and
                    Innovative Production Advisory Committee established
                    under section 222(b) of the Department of Agriculture
                    Reorganization Act of 1994'' and inserting ``the Urban
                    Agriculture and Innovative Production Advisory
                    Committee and the Office of Urban Agriculture and
                    Innovative Production established under section 222 of
                    the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
                    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923)''; and
                        (B) by striking ``emerging agricultural
                    production'' and inserting ``emerging agricultural
                    production practices (as described in subsection (a)(3)
                    of such section)'';
                (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``emerging agricultural
            production'' and inserting ``emerging agricultural production
            practices'';
                (3) in paragraph (7), by striking ``or'' at the end;
                (4) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the end and
            inserting a semicolon; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(9) managing waste streams to improve the environmental
            footprint; or
                ``(10) advising land-grant colleges and universities (as
            defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research,
            Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)),
            minority-serving institutions (as described in section 371(a)
            of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a))),
            junior or community colleges (as defined in section 312(f) of
            such Act (20 U.S.C. 1058(f))), and vocational schools, with
            respect to career and technical education.''.

    SEC. 7208. CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE.

        Section 1673 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5926) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsections (a), (b), and (c) and inserting
            the following:
        ``(a) Centers of Excellence.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall
            establish at least one center of excellence for the purpose of
            carrying out research, extension, or education activities for
            each of the areas of focus described in paragraph (3).
                ``(2) Host institutions.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Institutions eligible to host or
                    co-host a center of excellence established under this
                    subsection include--
                                ``(i) 1862 Institutions, as defined in
                            section 2 of the Agricultural Research,
                            Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7
                            U.S.C. 7601);
                                ``(ii) 1890 Institutions, as defined in
                            section 2 of the Agricultural Research,
                            Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7
                            U.S.C. 7601);
                                ``(iii) 1994 Institutions, as defined in
                            section 532 of the Equity in Educational Land-
                            Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note);
                                ``(iv) non-land-grant colleges of
                            agriculture, as defined in section 1404 of the
                            National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
                            Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103);
                                ``(v) Hispanic-serving agricultural
                            colleges or universities, as defined in section
                            1404 of the National Agricultural Research,
                            Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7
                            U.S.C. 3103); and
                                ``(vi) accredited schools of veterinary
                            medicine.
                        ``(B) Distribution.--To the maximum extent
                    practicable, the Secretary shall ensure the geographic
                    diversity of institutions selected to host or co-host a
                    center of excellence established under this subsection.
                        ``(C) Limitation.--An institution may host or co-
                    host only one center of excellence under this
                    subsection at a time.
                        ``(D) Duties.--The institution or institutions
                    selected to host or co-host a center of excellence
                    established under this subsection shall partner with
                    the Agricultural Research Service, other Federal
                    agencies, State governments, other institutions of
                    higher education (as defined in section 101 of the
                    Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)),
                    agricultural industry groups, or other relevant
                    entities to--
                                ``(i) reduce duplicative efforts and focus
                            on filling gaps across research, extension, or
                            education activities by enhancing coordination
                            and improving cost-effectiveness;
                                ``(ii) leverage available resources by
                            using public-private partnerships;
                                ``(iii) implement training and educational
                            initiatives to increase awareness and
                            effectively disseminate solutions to target
                            audiences through extension activities;
                                ``(iv) increase the economic returns to
                            rural communities by identifying, attracting,
                            and directing funds to high-priority
                            agricultural issues;
                                ``(v) rapidly respond to emerging issues
                            that threaten any sector of the United States
                            agricultural industry;
                                ``(vi) focus on workforce development for
                            employers to recruit and retain high-quality
                            employees in rural areas; and
                                ``(vii) engage in assistance for
                            administrative management and education
                            regarding potentially valuable intellectual
                            property derived from federally-supported
                            research, extension, or education activities.
                ``(3) Areas of focus.--
                        ``(A) Aquaculture.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, or education activities focused on
                    developing and applying aquaculture methods, including
                    through the propagation and rearing of economically and
                    ecologically valuable aquatic and marine species.
                        ``(B) Beginning farmers and ranchers.--A center of
                    excellence established under this subsection may engage
                    in research, extension or education activities focused
                    on training beginning farmers and ranchers, including
                    farm and agribusiness management, mentoring and
                    technical assistance, and access to capital.
                        ``(C) Biosecurity and cybersecurity.--A center of
                    excellence established under this subsection may engage
                    in research, extension, or education activities focused
                    on agricultural biosecurity and cybersecurity efforts
                    to defend the United States food supply from any
                    attacks.
                        ``(D) Biosystems and agricultural engineering.--A
                    center of excellence established under this subsection
                    may engage in research, extension, or education
                    activities focused on biosystems and agricultural
                    engineering, including precision agriculture
                    technologies and mechanization and automation
                    technologies for specialty crops.
                        ``(E) Biotechnology.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, or education activities focused on
                    development of animal and plant biotechnologies that
                    will increase agricultural productivity.
                        ``(F) Crop production, protection, and
                    resilience.--A center of excellence established under
                    this subsection may engage in research, extension, or
                    education activities focused on crop production and
                    protection, including the development, manufacture, and
                    use of fertilizer, crop protection tools, and adjuvants
                    in increasing productivity and protecting crops from
                    damaging pests and diseases.
                        ``(G) Digital agriculture.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, or education activities focused on
                    developing, evaluating, and deploying digital
                    agriculture, including artificial intelligence and
                    remote sensing systems.
                        ``(H) Farm business and financial management.--A
                    center of excellence established under this subsection
                    may engage in research, extension, or education
                    activities focused on farm business and financial
                    management activities, including marketing plans,
                    production diversification, and cash forward
                    contracting.
                        ``(I) Food quality.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, or education activities focused on
                    improving food quality, including research on the
                    uptake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in food,
                    the presence of microplastics in biosolids, and the
                    efficacy and feasibility of reducing levels of
                    inorganic arsenic, lead, cadmium, or mercury in food.
                        ``(J) Foreign animal disease.--A center of
                    excellence established under this subsection may engage
                    in research, extension, or education activities focused
                    on foreign animal diseases, including the ecology and
                    etiology of emerging diseases, control methods, and
                    implementation strategies to enhance preparedness and
                    response efforts to protect the livestock and poultry
                    industry.
                        ``(K) Forestry.--A center of excellence established
                    under this subsection may engage in research,
                    extension, or education activities focused on forest
                    productivity and forest health, including invasive
                    species control, biochar and pyrolysis development and
                    commercialization, reforestation and restoration of
                    damaged landscapes, and new wood-based materials.
                        ``(L) Invasive species.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, or education activities focused on
                    the control and eradication of invasive species that
                    pose a persistent and growing threat to United States
                    agricultural production, forest resources, global food
                    security, and rural economies.
                        ``(M) Livestock and poultry.--A center of
                    excellence established under this subsection may engage
                    in research, extension, or education activities focused
                    on issues impacting livestock (including equines) and
                    poultry production in the United States, including
                    economic research to understand policy implications for
                    producers.
                        ``(N) Veterinary medicine.--A center of excellence
                    established under this subsection may engage in
                    research, extension, or education activities focused on
                    developing additional veterinarians, including large
                    animal veterinarians, to address the veterinarian
                    shortage in rural areas.
                        ``(O) Water quality and quantity.--A center of
                    excellence established under this subsection may engage
                    in research, extension, or education activities focused
                    on water quality and quantity efforts, including
                    drought, water management, natural resource benefits,
                    and the health and resilience of the water supply in
                    the United States.
                ``(4) Terms.--
                        ``(A) Duration.--The term of an award under this
                    subsection shall be for a five-year period, and may be
                    renewed for not more than one additional five-year
                    period.
                        ``(B) Construction prohibited.--Funds made
                    available under this subsection shall not be used for
                    the construction of a new building or facility or the
                    acquisition, expansion, remodeling, or alteration of an
                    existing building or facility (including site grading
                    and improvement, and architect fees).
                ``(5) Annual report.--Not later than one year after the
            date of enactment of this subsection, and every year
            thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
            Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee
            on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report
            describing--
                        ``(A) the projects initiated by each center of
                    excellence established under this subsection in the
                    preceding year;
                        ``(B) the amount of funding for each such project
                    and the funding source;
                        ``(C) the institutions participating in each such
                    project and their shares of the overall funding for
                    each project;
                        ``(D) the level of cost sharing for each such
                    project;
                        ``(E) any technology transfer and intellectual
                    property management actions taken by each such center
                    of excellence, such as the number of relevant invention
                    disclosures, any provisional patents filed, any non-
                    provisional patents filed and issued, the number of
                    licenses executed, and any start-up companies
                    registered; and
                        ``(F) any additional information deemed
                    necessary.'';
                (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (b);
                (3) in subsection (b), as so redesignated--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``The Secretary'' and
                            inserting ``In addition to the centers of
                            excellence established under subsection (a),
                            the Secretary''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``not less than 3 centers
                            of excellence'' and inserting ``not less than 8
                            centers of excellence'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) in the subparagraph heading, by
                                    striking ``and workforce development''
                                    and inserting ``, workforce
                                    development, and rural studies''; and
                                        (II) by inserting ``economics,
                                    psychology, rural sociology, data
                                    sciences,'' after ``mathematics,'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (E), by inserting
                            ``and nature-based solutions to improve the
                            composition of soil organic compounds,
                            including carbon, that are beneficial to soil
                            quality and the environment'' before the period
                            at the end; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) Forest health and conservation.--A center of
                    excellence established under paragraph (1) may focus on
                    forest health, sustainable forest management,
                    agroforestry, enhancing forest resilience to
                    catastrophic wildfire, supporting rural infrastructure,
                    and urban and community forestry programs to promote
                    healthy forest ecosystems and resilient communities.
                        ``(H) Food safety, bioprocessing, and value-added
                    agriculture.--A center of excellence established under
                    paragraph (1) may focus on food safety, bioprocessing,
                    value-added agriculture enterprise development, and
                    innovative food and agriculture product development.'';
                    and
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7209. ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM FOR FARMERS WITH DISABILITIES.

        Section 1680 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5933) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(F) provide education and support to youth and
                    young adults with disabilities interested in farming
                    and farm-related occupations.''; and
                (2) in subsection (c)(1)(B), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7210. FARMING OPPORTUNITIES TRAINING AND OUTREACH.

        Section 2501 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding
                    subparagraph (A)--
                                (i) by striking ``Secretary of
                            Agriculture'' and inserting ``Secretary of
                            Agriculture, acting through the Director of the
                            National Institute of Food and Agriculture,'';
                            and
                                (ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
                            ``2031''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (F), by inserting ``and
                            organizations that provide training and
                            technical assistance in budgeting, business
                            planning, and similar financial and management
                            skills that focus on the ongoing economic
                            viability of beginning farm and ranch
                            enterprises'' after ``veteran farmers and
                            ranchers'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (I)(ii), by striking
                            ``shall include a broad representation of peers
                            of the eligible entity'' and inserting ``shall
                            include a broad representation of individuals
                            with demonstrated expertise in farm business
                            management''; and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (J), by striking ``to
                            the eligible entities providing that technical
                            assistance'' and inserting ``to the needs of
                            farmers and ranchers' ongoing economic
                            viability'';
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking subparagraph (J); and
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (K),
                            (L), (M), (N), and (O) as subparagraphs (J),
                            (K), (L), (M) and (N), respectively;
                        (C) in paragraph (8), by striking ``to partnerships
                    and collaborations that are led by or include
                    nongovernmental, community-based organizations and
                    school-based educational organizations with expertise
                    in new agricultural producer training and outreach''
                    and inserting ``to programs that provide training and
                    technical assistance in budgeting, business planning,
                    and similar financial and management skills that focus
                    on the ongoing economic viability of beginning farm and
                    ranch enterprises''; and
                        (D) in paragraph (12)(B), by striking ``a broad
                    representation of peers of the applicant for the grant
                    or cooperative agreement'' and inserting ``a broad
                    representation of the United States agriculture
                    industry and individuals with demonstrated expertise in
                    farm business management''; and
                (3) in subsection (l)(2), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7211. NATIONAL RURAL INFORMATION CENTER CLEARINGHOUSE.

        Section 2381(e) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 3125b(e)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7212. REPEAL.

        Subtitle D of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
    Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5851 et seq.) is repealed.

    SEC. 7213. RESEARCHING THE TRANSITION TO ORGANIC.

        Title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of
    1990 is amended by inserting after section 1673 (7 U.S.C. 5926) the
    following:

    ``SEC. 1674. RESEARCHING THE TRANSITION TO ORGANIC.

        ``(a) Competitive Specialized Research and Extension Grants
    Authorized.--The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section
    as the `Secretary'), in consultation with the National Agricultural
    Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board, may make
    competitive grants to support research, education, and extension
    activities relating to the transition of nonorganic production systems
    into organic agricultural production systems for the purposes of--
                ``(1) overcoming barriers to transitioning to organic
            agricultural production;
                ``(2) documenting and understanding the effects of organic
            practices on ecosystem services, including soil health and
            fertility, greenhouse gas mitigation and sequestration, water
            management, biodiversity-related services, and pest management;
            and
                ``(3) developing improved technologies, methods, models,
            and metrics to document, describe, and optimize ecosystem
            services of transitioning agricultural production into organic
            management.
        ``(b) Grant Administration.--Paragraphs (4), (7), (8), and (11)(B)
    of subsection (b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research
    Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)) shall apply with respect to the making of
    grants under this section.
        ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $7,500,000 for fiscal year 2027
    and each fiscal year thereafter.''.

    Subtitle C--Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act
                                    of 1998

    SEC. 7301. NATIONAL FOOD SAFETY TRAINING, EDUCATION, EXTENSION,
                  OUTREACH, AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

        Section 405 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
    Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7625) is amended--
                (1) by striking subsection (d);
                (2) by redesignating subsections (e) through (j) as
            subsections (d) through (i), respectively; and
                (3) in subsection (i), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7302. INTEGRATED RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION COMPETITIVE
                  GRANTS PROGRAM.

        Section 406(f) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7626(f)) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7303. SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH REGARDING DISEASES OF WHEAT, TRITICALE,
                  AND BARLEY CAUSED BY FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM OR BY TILLETIA
                  INDICA.

        Section 408(e)(3) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7628(e)(3)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7304. GRANTS FOR YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS.

        Section 410(d)(2) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7630(d)(2)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7305. SPECIALTY CROP RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

        Section 412 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
    Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7632) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``subsection (d) and
            (j)'' and inserting ``subsections (d), (j), and (k)'';
                (2) in subsection (g)(3), by adding at the end the
            following:
                        ``(C) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the matching
                    funds requirement under subparagraph (A) with respect
                    to a grant if the Secretary determines that--
                                ``(i) the results of the grant are of a
                            particular benefit to a specific specialty
                            crop, but such results are likely to be
                            applicable to specialty crops or agricultural
                            commodities, generally; or
                                ``(ii)(I) the grant--
                                        ``(aa) involves a minor commodity;
                                    and
                                        ``(bb) deals with scientifically
                                    important research; and
                                ``(II) the recipient is unable to satisfy
                            the matching funds requirement.'';
                (3) in subsection (j)(5), by striking ``subsection
            (k)(1)(C)'' and inserting ``subsection (l)(1)(C)'';
                (4) by redesignating subsection (k) as subsection (l);
                (5) by inserting after subsection (j) the following:
        ``(k) Specialty Crop Mechanization and Automation Research and
    Extension Program.--The Secretary shall establish a competitive
    research and extension grant program to award grants to eligible
    entities to increase the competitiveness of specialty crops in the
    United States through the advancement and acceleration of mechanization
    and automation, including projects that--
                ``(1) create or improve cost-effective mechanization and
            automation technologies to--
                        ``(A) reduce the manual labor requirements of a
                    specialty crop grower; or
                        ``(B) increase the efficiency of--
                                ``(i) crop production;
                                ``(ii) resource management;
                                ``(iii) harvesting;
                                ``(iv) processing;
                                ``(v) post-harvest technologies; or
                                ``(vi) packing;
                ``(2) increase adoption of mechanization and automation
            technologies by--
                        ``(A) emphasizing adoption drivers, including--
                                ``(i) connectivity;
                                ``(ii) autonomy;
                                ``(iii) reliability;
                                ``(iv) durability;
                                ``(v) in-field validation; or
                                ``(vi) cost-effectiveness; or
                        ``(B) investing in, and developing human capital
                    to, increase the capacity to--
                                ``(i) utilize new technologies; or
                                ``(ii) manage a more tech-focused farm
                            workforce; or
                ``(3) accelerate automation and mechanization through--
                        ``(A) prototype development;
                        ``(B) in-field trial testing;
                        ``(C) ongoing industry engagement; or
                        ``(D) rapid commercialization.''; and
                (6) in subsection (l), as redesignated by paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by amending subparagraph (C) to read as
                            follows:
                        ``(C) Reservation for specialty crop mechanization
                    and automation research and extension program.--For
                    each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031, the Secretary
                    shall reserve not less than $30,000,000 of the funds
                    made available under subparagraph (B) to carry out the
                    program established under subsection (k).''; and
                                (ii) by amending subparagraph (D) to read
                            as follows:
                        ``(D) Reallocation.--Notwithstanding paragraph (4),
                    any funds reserved under subparagraph (C) that remain
                    unobligated at the end of the fiscal year following the
                    fiscal year in which such funds are first made
                    available shall be reallocated to carry out activities
                    of the specialty crop research initiative established
                    under subsection (b).'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking
                            ``for fiscal years 2014 through 2023''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting
                            ``2031'';
                        (C) by striking paragraph (3); and
                        (D) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as
                    paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively.

    SEC. 7306. AGRICULTURE GRANTS FOR VETERAN EDUCATION AND TRAINING
                  SERVICES.

        Title IV of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education
    Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7624 et seq.) is amended by adding at the
    end the following:

    ``SEC. 414. AGRICULTURE GRANTS FOR VETERAN EDUCATION AND TRAINING
                  SERVICES.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program under
    which the Secretary will award competitive grants to eligible entities
    for the purpose of establishing and enhancing farming and ranching
    opportunities for veterans (as defined in section 101(2) of title 38,
    United States Code).
        ``(b) Eligible Entities.--An entity is eligible for a grant under
    this section if such entity is--
                ``(1) a cooperative extension service;
                ``(2) a land-grant college or university (as defined in
            section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
            and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103));
                ``(3) a non-land-grant college of agriculture (as defined
            in such section);
                ``(4) a Hispanic-serving agricultural college and
            university (as defined in such section);
                ``(5) a State department of agriculture;
                ``(6) a nonprofit organization;
                ``(7) a community-based organization; or
                ``(8) a combination of 2 or more eligible entities
            described in paragraphs (1) through (7).
        ``(c) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity that receives a grant under
    this section shall use the funds received through the grant--
                ``(1) to provide training and classroom education that
            leads to a comprehensive understanding of farm and ranch
            business operations and management practices;
                ``(2) to develop or identify curriculum that veteran
            farmers and ranchers can adopt to help manage their enterprise;
                ``(3) to offer education, workshops, tours, and instructor-
            supervised field experiences; or
                ``(4) to support any other activity, as identified by the
            Secretary, to increase the number of veterans pursuing
            knowledge and skills development in agriculture.
        ``(d) Matching Funds.--An entity that receives a grant under this
    section shall provide non-Federal matching funds for the purposes of
    carrying out this section in an amount equal to not less than the
    amount of the grant.
        ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $3,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2025 through 2031.''.

    SEC. 7307. FOOD ANIMAL RESIDUE AVOIDANCE DATABASE PROGRAM.

        Section 604(e) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7642(e)) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7308. OFFICE OF PEST MANAGEMENT POLICY.

        Section 614(f)(2) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7653(f)(2)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7309. FORESTRY PRODUCTS ADVANCED UTILIZATION RESEARCH.

        Section 617(f)(1) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7655b(f)(1)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7310. REPEALS.

        The Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of
    1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601 et seq.) is amended--
                (1) by striking section 404 (7 U.S.C. 7624); and
                (2) by striking section 411 (7 U.S.C. 7631).

             Subtitle D--Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

    SEC. 7401. GRAZINGLANDS RESEARCH LABORATORY.

        Section 7502 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
    (Public Law 110-246; 122 Stat. 2019) is amended by striking ``, or
    otherwise be conveyed or transferred in whole or in part, for the
    period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act and ending on
    September 30, 2026'' and inserting ``, beginning on the date of the
    enactment of this Act''.

    SEC. 7402. FARM AND RANCH STRESS ASSISTANCE NETWORK.

        Section 7522 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7
    U.S.C. 5936) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by inserting ``, including
            crisis hotlines'' after ``websites'';
                (2) in subsection (d), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031'';
                (3) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
                (4) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
        ``(f) Referrals to Providers.--As part of the efforts of the
    recipient of a grant under subsection (a) to connect individuals to
    behavioral health counseling and wellness support and to ensure
    individuals have access to a comprehensive scope of mental health and
    substance use treatments and supports, when applicable, the grant
    recipient may establish referral relationships with--
                ``(1) certified community behavioral health clinics
            described in section 223 of the Protecting Access to Medicare
            Act of 2014 (42 U.S.C. 1396a note; Public Law 113-93);
                ``(2) health centers (as defined in section 330(a) of the
            Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254b(a)));
                ``(3) rural health clinics (as defined in section 1861(aa)
            of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)));
                ``(4) Federally qualified health centers (as defined in
            that section); and
                ``(5) critical access hospitals (as defined in section
            1861(mm) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(mm))).''.

    SEC. 7403. SUN GRANT PROGRAM.

        Section 7526 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7
    U.S.C. 8114) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``and
                    bioproduct'' before ``technologies'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``product'' and
                    inserting ``bioproduct''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``product'' and
                    inserting ``bioproduct'';
                (2) in subsection (c)(2), by striking ``4 percent'' and
            inserting ``30 percent''; and
                (3) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 7404. REPEALS.

        The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8701 et
    seq.) is amended--
                (1) by striking section 7521 (7 U.S.C. 3202); and
                (2) by striking section 7525 (7 U.S.C. 5937).

                      Subtitle E--Amendments to Other Laws

    SEC. 7501. EQUITY IN EDUCATIONAL LAND-GRANT STATUS ACT OF 1994.

        The Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C.
    301 note; Public Law 103-382) is amended--
                (1) in section 533(b), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031'';
                (2) in section 534(a)(1), by striking ``equal to'' and
            inserting ``that is not less than'';
                (3) in section 535, by striking ``2023'' each place it
            appears in subsections (b)(1) and (c) and inserting ``2031'';
            and
                (4) in section 536--
                        (A) in subsection (a), by inserting before the
                    period at the end the following: ``and to acquire,
                    alter, repair, maintain, and operate relevant equipment
                    necessary for strengthening the capacity of the
                    Institution to conduct research in the food and
                    agricultural sciences'';
                        (B) by striking subsection (b);
                        (C) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection
                    (b); and
                        (D) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated), by
                    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7502. RESEARCH FACILITIES ACT.

        Section 6(a) of the Research Facilities Act (7 U.S.C. 390d(a)) is
    amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7503. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

        Subsection (b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research
    Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A)(iii)--
                                (i) by inserting ``regionally adapted''
                            before ``cultivar''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``breeding for
                            environmental resilience,'' before ``and
                            participatory breeding'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B)(i), by inserting ``,
                    including methods of increasing survival rate and
                    adaptability of shellfish'' after ``aquaculture'';
                        (C) in subparagraph (E)--
                                (i) in clause (iv), by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (ii) in clause (v), by striking the period
                            at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(vi) hydroponics, aquaponics, aeroponics,
                            and other production technologies used in
                            controlled-environment agriculture
                            production.''; and
                        (D) in subparagraph (F)--
                                (i) in clause (i), by inserting ``,
                            including supply chain coordination and
                            capacity building'' after ``overseas markets'';
                                (ii) in clause (vii), by striking ``; and''
                            at the end and inserting a semicolon;
                                (iii) in clause (viii), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting a semicolon;
                            and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(ix) workforce training and development,
                            including meat and poultry processing
                            (including rendering) and precision
                            agriculture; and
                                ``(x) reducing food loss and food waste.'';
                (2) in paragraph (7)--
                        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (I)
                    as subparagraphs (E) through (J), respectively;
                        (B) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the
                    following:
                        ``(D) area career and technical education
                    schools;''; and
                        (C) in subparagraph (J), as so redesignated, by
                    striking ``(H)'' and inserting ``(I)''; and
                (3) in paragraph (11)(A), in the matter preceding clause
            (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7504. EXTENSION DESIGN AND DEMONSTRATION INITIATIVE.

        Subsection (d)(6) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities
    Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(d)(6)) is amended by striking
    ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7505. BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

        Section 9008(h)(2) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
    2002 (7 U.S.C. 8108(h)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7506. RENEWABLE RESOURCES EXTENSION ACT OF 1978.

        The Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1671 et
    seq.) is amended--
                (1) in section 6 (16 U.S.C. 1675), in the first sentence,
            by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''; and
                (2) in section 8 (16 U.S.C. 1671 note), by striking
            ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7507. NATIONAL AQUACULTURE ACT OF 1980.

        The National Aquaculture Act of 1980 (16 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.) is
    amended--
                (1) in section 4 (16 U.S.C. 2803)--
                        (A) in subsection (a)(2), by striking
                    ``acquaculture'' and inserting ``aquaculture'';
                        (B) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding
                    paragraph (1), by inserting ``, not less than once
                    every 3 years,'' after ``periodic reviews''; and
                        (C) in subsection (e)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1),
                            by inserting ``, not less than once every 3
                            years,'' after ``undertake a continuing
                            assessment of aquaculture in the United
                            States'';
                                (ii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and''
                            at the end;
                                (iii) in paragraph (6), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting a semicolon;
                            and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(7) a catalog of new and existing capital constraints, as
            described in the capital requirements plan formulated under
            section 8(b), that affect the development of the aquaculture
            industry in the United States; and
                ``(8) a catalog of new and existing Federal or State
            regulatory barriers, as described in the regulatory constraints
            plan formulated under section 9(b), to the initiation and
            operation of commercial aquaculture ventures.'';
                (2) in section 5 (16 U.S.C. 2804), by striking subsection
            (d) and inserting the following:
        ``(d) Aquaculture Advisory Committee.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date
            of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of
            2026, the Secretary shall establish an advisory committee, to
            be known as the Aquaculture Advisory Committee (referred to in
            this subsection as the `Committee'), to advise the Secretary
            on--
                        ``(A) oversight of programs of the Department and
                    other members of the coordinating group to support
                    development of, and to advance, aquaculture best
                    practices using the best available science, in
                    consultation with farmers and industry partners;
                        ``(B) providing technical assistance to aquaculture
                    farmers and businesses, including technical assistance
                    that pertains to shellfish, algae, and land-based
                    aquaculture systems, using the best available science;
                    and
                        ``(C) any other aspects of the implementation of
                    this Act.
                ``(2) Membership.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Committee shall be composed
                    of 14 members, who are not officers or employees of the
                    Federal Government.
                        ``(B) Initial appointments.--The Secretary shall
                    appoint the members of the Committee not later than 180
                    days after the date of enactment of this section.
                        ``(C) Period of initial appointment; vacancies.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in
                            clause (ii), a member of the Committee shall be
                            appointed for a term of 3 years.
                                ``(ii) Initial appointments.--Of the
                            members first appointed to the Committee--
                                        ``(I) 5 of the members, as
                                    determined by the Secretary, shall be
                                    appointed for a term of 3 years;
                                        ``(II) 5 of the members, as
                                    determined by the Secretary, shall be
                                    appointed for a term of 2 years; and
                                        ``(III) 4 of the members, as
                                    determined by the Secretary, shall be
                                    appointed for a term of 1 year.
                                ``(iii) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the
                            Committee--
                                        ``(I) shall not affect the powers
                                    of the Committee; and
                                        ``(II) shall be filled as soon as
                                    practicable in the same manner as the
                                    original appointment.
                        ``(D) Consecutive terms.--An initial appointee of
                    the Committee may serve an additional consecutive term
                    if the member is reappointed by the Secretary.
                ``(3) Meetings.--
                        ``(A) Frequency.--The Committee shall meet not
                    fewer than 3 times per year.
                        ``(B) Initial meeting.--Not later than 180 days
                    after the date on which the members are appointed under
                    paragraph (2)(B), the Committee shall hold the first
                    meeting of the Committee.
                ``(4) Duties.--The Committee shall--
                        ``(A) develop recommendations and advise the
                    Secretary on aquaculture policies, initiatives, and
                    outreach administered by the Department;
                        ``(B) evaluate and review ongoing research and
                    extension activities relating to aquaculture practices;
                        ``(C) identify new and existing barriers to
                    successful aquaculture practices; and
                        ``(D) provide additional assistance and advice to
                    the Secretary as appropriate.
                ``(5) Personnel matters.--
                        ``(A) Compensation.--A member of the Committee
                    shall serve without compensation.
                        ``(B) Travel expenses.--A member of the Committee
                    shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in
                    lieu of subsistence, in accordance with section 5703 of
                    title 5, United States Code.
                ``(6) Termination.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the
                    Committee shall terminate on the date that is 5 years
                    after the date on which the members are appointed under
                    paragraph (2)(B).
                        ``(B) Extensions.--Before the date on which the
                    Committee terminates, the Secretary may renew the
                    Committee for 1 or more 2-year periods.
        ``(e) Annual Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
    enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026, and
    each year thereafter, the Secretary, acting through the coordinating
    group and in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the
    Secretary of the Interior, shall prepare on an annual basis, and submit
    to Congress, a report on the status of aquaculture in the United
    States. Such report shall contain--
                ``(1) a description and evaluation of the actions
            undertaken with respect to the Plan during the reporting
            period;
                ``(2) an explanation of any revisions made to the Plan
            during the reporting period;
                ``(3) the results of the continuing assessment established
            under section 4(e);
                ``(4) an evaluation of the role each Federal department or
            agency has in supporting the aquaculture industry;
                ``(5) the total amount and value of expenditures of Federal
            departments or agencies on--
                        ``(A) aquaculture purchases;
                        ``(B) aquaculture promotion and outreach supporting
                    the aquaculture industry;
                        ``(C) grants made to the aquaculture industry; and
                        ``(D) grants to facilitate aquaculture research and
                    the subject matter of such research;
                ``(6) a summary of the activities and recommendations of
            the Aquaculture Advisory Committee established under subsection
            (d);
                ``(7) a summary of the activities and recommendations of
            the coordinating group; and
                ``(8) such other comments and recommendations as the
            Secretary determines appropriate.''; and
                (3) in section 10 (16 U.S.C. 2809), by striking ``2023''
            each place it appears in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) and
            inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 7508. REPORTS ON DISBURSEMENT OF FUNDS FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
                  AND EXTENSION AT 1862 AND 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGES,
                  INCLUDING TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY.

         Section 7116 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C.
    2207d) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
            ``Not later than'' and inserting the following:
        ``(a) In General.--Not later than''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) Outreach.--Not later than February 1 of each fiscal year, the
    Secretary shall provide information relating to each matching
    requirement applicable to the State under the programs referred to in
    subsection (a) to the Governor and legislature of each State in which
    an 1862 Institution or 1890 Institution (as those terms are defined in
    section 2 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform
    Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601)) is located.
        ``(c) Attestations.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not less frequently than once each
            calendar year, the Governor of each State described in
            subsection (b) shall submit to the Secretary an attestation
            that describes if the State is able to fulfill each matching
            requirement with respect to which information is provided by
            the Secretary under such subsection for such State and calendar
            year.
                ``(2) Reports.--Not later than December 31 of each calendar
            year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress, and make publicly
            available on the website of the Department of Agriculture, an
            annual report describing the attestations received under
            paragraph (1) during that calendar year.''.

    SEC. 7509. REPEAL.

        Section 1431 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1985 (title XIV of Public Law 99-198;
    99 Stat. 1556) is repealed.

    SEC. 7510. AMENDMENT TO SMITH-LEVER ACT.

        Section 3(b)(3) of the Smith-Lever Act (7 U.S.C. 343(b)(3)) is
    amended by inserting after ``for the purposes set forth in section 2''
    the following: ``, and for 1994 Institutions to acquire, alter, repair,
    maintain, and operate relevant equipment necessary to strengthen the
    capacity of such 1994 Institutions to achieve the purposes set forth in
    section 2''.

                           Subtitle F--Other Matters

    SEC. 7601. FOUNDATION FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE RESEARCH.

        Section 7601 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 5939) is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) in clause (ii), by striking ``of
                            Agriculture; and'' and inserting a semicolon;
                            and
                                (ii) by striking clause (iii); and
                        (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``the roadmap
                    for agricultural research, education, and extension
                    authorized by section 7504 of the Food, Conservation,
                    and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 7614a)'' and inserting
                    ``the national research policies and priorities set
                    forth in section 1402 of the National Agricultural
                    Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7
                    U.S.C. 3101)'';
                (2) in subsection (e)(2)(C)(i)--
                        (A) in subclause (I), by striking ``National
                    Academy of Sciences'' and inserting ``National
                    Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and
                    Economics Advisory Board established under section 1408
                    of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
                    Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123)''; and
                        (B) in subclause (II), by striking ``industry'' and
                    inserting ``national farm, producer, or research
                    organizations''; and
                (3) in subsection (f)(3)(B)(i)--
                        (A) in subclause (I)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding item (aa), by
                            striking ``and post online'' and inserting
                            ``online and submit to the Committee on
                            Agriculture of the House of Representatives and
                            the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
                            Forestry of the Senate'';
                                (ii) in item (bb), by striking ``and'' at
                            the end;
                                (iii) in item (cc), by striking the period
                            at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                                (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                                                ``(dd) the source and a
                                            description of all gifts to the
                                            Foundation of real or personal
                                            property;
                                                ``(ee) the source and
                                            amount of each gift to the
                                            Foundation of money, including
                                            a specification of any
                                            restrictions on the purposes
                                            for which a gift to the
                                            Foundation may be used;
                                                ``(ff) the source and
                                            amount of any Federal or State
                                            grant, contract, or cooperative
                                            agreement awarded to the
                                            Foundation;
                                                ``(gg) an accounting of the
                                            use of funds made available
                                            under subsection (g)(1);
                                                ``(hh) a description of the
                                            Foundation's outreach
                                            activities to agricultural
                                            stakeholders and potential
                                            research partners; and
                                                ``(ii) a description of the
                                            Foundation's consultation
                                            process with the Department
                                            under subsection (d)(1)(B).'';
                        (B) by striking subclauses (II) and (III); and
                        (C) by redesignating subclause (IV) as subclause
                    (II).

    SEC. 7602. AGRICULTURE INNOVATION CENTER DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.

        Section 6402 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 1632b) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``Each Agriculture
                            Innovation Center'' and inserting ``Subject to
                            paragraph (3), each Agriculture Innovation
                            Center''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``following::'' and
                            inserting ``following:''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the requirement
            described in paragraph (2) with respect to an eligible entity
            if the Secretary determines that the eligible entity has a
            board of directors adequate for the purpose of carrying out
            this section.''; and
                (2) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 7603. LIVESTOCK INSECTS LABORATORY.

        Public Law 100-208 (101 Stat. 1439) is amended by striking
    ``Knipling-Bushland Research Laboratory'' each place it appears and
    inserting ``Knipling-Bushland Research Center''.

    SEC. 7604. U.S. ABIT MASSEY NATIONAL POULTRY RESEARCH CENTER.

        (a) Designation.--The U.S. National Poultry Research Center of the
    Department of Agriculture located in Athens, Georgia shall be known and
    designated as the ``U.S. Abit Massey National Poultry Research
    Center''.
        (b) References.--Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document,
    paper, or other record of the United States to the facility referred to
    in subsection (a) shall be deemed to be a reference to the ``U.S. Abit
    Massey National Poultry Research Center''.

    SEC. 7605. HATCH ACT OF 1887.

        Section 5 of the Hatch Act of 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361e) is amended--
                (1) in the second sentence--
                        (A) by striking ``known as a director'' and
                    inserting ``known as an experiment station director'';
                    and
                        (B) by striking ``or other officer appointed by the
                    government board of the station'';
                (2) in the third sentence, by striking ``or other
            officer''; and
                (3) in the fourth sentence, by striking ``the authorized
            receiving officer'' and inserting ``the experiment station
            director''.

    SEC. 7606. COMMISSION ON NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE
                  MODERNIZATION.

        (a) Establishment.--There is established a commission to be known
    as the Commission on National Agricultural Statistics Service
    Modernization (referred to in this section as the ``Commission'').
        (b) Study.--The Commission shall conduct a study of the National
    Agricultural Statistics Service and provide recommendations on--
                (1) how data collection can be modernized and streamlined
            to--
                        (A) improve the quality of statistics reported;
                        (B) account for differences of national, regional,
                    and local production;
                        (C) accelerate adoption of new and innovative
                    technologies to reduce the number of surveys needed;
                        (D) improve producer response rates in statistical
                    surveys and identifying ways to reduce survey fatigue;
                        (E) increase transparency and confidence in
                    statistical reports through improved collaboration with
                    agricultural stakeholders;
                        (F) use more real-time statistical and
                    environmental data to complement existing survey-based
                    data and reporting; and
                        (G) improve collection and generation of timely
                    data on the specialty crop industry; and
                (2) how the recommendations under paragraph (1) with
            respect to modernizing and streamlining data collection can be
            implemented and the estimated costs of such implementation.
        (c) Membership.--
                (1) Composition.--The Commission shall be composed of 11
            members, as follows:
                        (A) The Administrator of the National Agricultural
                    Statistics Service.
                        (B) The Administrator of the Economic Research
                    Service.
                        (C) The Chief Economist of the Department.
                        (D) The Chair of the World Agricultural Outlook
                    Board of the Department.
                        (E) A representative from the Bureau of Labor
                    Statistics.
                        (F) 3 members appointed by the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, of
                    which--
                                (i) 1 shall be appointed by the chair of
                            the Committee;
                                (ii) 1 shall be appointed by the ranking
                            member of the Committee; and
                                (iii) 1 shall be appointed jointly by the
                            chair and ranking member of the Committee.
                        (G) 3 members appointed by the Committee on
                    Agriculture of the House of Representatives, of which--
                                (i) 1 shall be appointed by the chair of
                            the Committee;
                                (ii) 1 shall be appointed by the ranking
                            member of the Committee; and
                                (iii) 1 shall be appointed jointly by the
                            chair and ranking member of the Committee.
                (2) Date of appointments.--The appointment of all members
            of the Commission shall be made not later than 60 days after
            the date of enactment of this Act.
                (3) Term; vacancies.--
                        (A) Term.--A member shall be appointed for the life
                    of the Commission.
                        (B) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Commission--
                                (i) shall not affect the powers of the
                            Commission; and
                                (ii) shall be filled in the same manner as
                            the original appointment was made.
                (4) Initial meeting.--Not later than 60 days after the date
            on which all members of the Commission have been appointed, the
            Commission shall hold the initial meeting of the Commission.
        (d) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Commission shall
    constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a lesser
    number of members may hold hearings.
        (e) Chair.--The Chair of the Commission shall be selected by a
    majority of the members of the Commission.
        (f) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act, the Commission shall submit to the President, the Committee
    on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report containing
    the results of the study required by subsection (b), including--
                (1) an inventory of surveys conducted by the Commission,
            and the frequency with which they are conducted; and
                (2) such recommendations for administrative, regulatory,
            and legislative changes as the Commission considers
            appropriate.
        (g) Hearings.--The Commission shall hold such hearings, meet and
    act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such
    evidence as the Commission considers advisable to carry out this
    section.
        (h) Stakeholder Engagement.--The Commission shall establish a
    process to collect feedback from agricultural stakeholders to inform
    the results of the study required under subsection (b) and the report
    required under subsection (f).
        (i) Information From Federal Agencies.--The Commission may secure
    directly from a Federal agency such information as the Commission
    considers necessary to carry out this section. On request of the
    Chairperson of the Commission, the head of the agency shall provide the
    information to the Commission.
        (j) Postal Services.--The Commission may use the United States mail
    in the same manner and under the same conditions as other agencies of
    the Federal Government.
        (k) Assistance From Secretary.--The Secretary shall provide to the
    Commission appropriate office space and such reasonable administrative
    and support services as the Commission may request.
        (l) Compensation of Members.--
                (1) Non-federal employees.--A member of the Commission who
            is not an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall
            be compensated at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the
            annual rate of basic pay prescribed for level IV of the
            Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States
            Code, for each day (including travel time) during which the
            member is engaged in the performance of the duties of the
            Commission.
                (2) Federal employees.--A member of the Commission who is
            an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall serve
            without compensation in addition to the compensation received
            for the services of the member as an officer or employee of the
            Federal Government.
                (3) Travel expenses.--A member of the Commission shall be
            allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
            subsistence, at rates authorized for an employee of an agency
            under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States
            Code, while away from the home or regular place of business of
            the member in the performance of the duties of the Commission.
        (m) Federal Advisory Committee Act.--Sections 1009 and 1013 of
    title 5, United States Code, shall not apply to the Commission or any
    proceeding of the Commission.
        (n) Termination.--The Commission shall terminate on September 30,
    2031.
        (o) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the
    Secretary shall use to carry out this section $1,000,000 for fiscal
    year 2026, to remain available until expended.

    SEC. 7607. RESTORATION OF 4-H NAME AND EMBLEM AUTHORITY.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) 4-H club.--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``4-H club'' means a 4-H
                    club recognized under the 4-H Program.
                        (B) Inclusion.--The term ``4-H club'' includes an
                    authorized agent of a 4-H club.
                (2) 4-H emblem or name.--The term ``4-H emblem or name''
            means the 4-H sign or emblem, consisting of a green four-leaf
            clover with stem and the letter ``H'' in white or gold on each
            leaflet, and the words ``4-H'', ``4-H Club'', and ``4-H
            Clubs'', used to identify and distinguish the 4-H Program and
            the activities, clubs, members, goods, and services of the 4-H
            Program.
                (3) 4-H program.--The term ``4-H Program''--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``4-H Program'' means the
                    youth development program of the land-grant colleges or
                    universities, the Cooperative Extension System (as
                    defined by the Secretary), and the Department.
                        (B) Inclusion.--The term ``4-H Program'' includes
                    an authorized agent of the 4-H Program.
                (4) Land-grant college or university.--The term ``land-
            grant college or university''--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``land-grant college or
                    university'' means an 1862 Institution, an 1890
                    Institution, or a 1994 Institution (as those terms are
                    defined in section 2 of the Agricultural Research,
                    Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C.
                    7601)).
                        (B) Inclusion.--The term ``land-grant college or
                    university'' includes an authorized agent of a land-
                    grant college or university.
        (b) Effect of Repeal; Ratification.--
                (1) Civil acts.--Any civil act or action of the 4-H
            Program, a 4-H club, the Secretary, or a land-grant college or
            university taken with respect to the use of the 4-H emblem or
            name, or the recognition of any 4-H club, during the period
            beginning on May 8, 1914, and ending on the date of enactment
            of this Act, is deemed to be of legal force and effect and
            ratified as if section 1002(3) of the Clean Up the Code Act of
            2019 (title X of division O of Public Law 116-260; 134 Stat.
            2155) had not been enacted into law.
                (2) Effect on criminal law.--Nothing in this subsection
            affects the effect on criminal law of the repeal made by
            section 1002(3) of the Clean Up the Code Act of 2019 (title X
            of division O of Public Law 116-260; 134 Stat. 2155).
        (c) Authorizations for Use of 4-H Emblem or Name; Fees; Deposits.--
                (1) Authorization.--The Secretary may--
                        (A) use the 4-H emblem or name; and
                        (B) grant authorizations to use the 4-H emblem or
                    name, as provided by regulations issued by the
                    Secretary.
                (2) Fees.--An authorization under paragraph (1) may be
            granted--
                        (A) without a fee or other consideration; or
                        (B) for a fee or other consideration.
                (3) Use of fees.--The Secretary shall deposit into a
            special account any fees collected under paragraph (2)(B), the
            amounts in which shall remain available to the Secretary until
            expended, without further appropriation, for furthering the 4-H
            Program.
        (d) Unauthorized Use of 4-H Emblem or Name.--
                (1) Prohibition.--Whoever, other than the 4-H Program, a 4-
            H club, the Department, a land-grant college or university, and
            those authorized by them, uses in commerce the 4-H emblem or
            name or any reproduction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable
            imitation of the 4-H emblem or name to indicate membership in
            an association, organization, or other collective group, or in
            connection with the sale, offering for sale, distribution, or
            advertising of goods or services, on or in connection with
            which that use is likely to cause confusion, to cause mistake,
            or to deceive as to membership or participation in, an
            affiliation, connection, or association with, or authorization
            or approval by, a 4-H club or the 4-H Program, shall be subject
            to the civil action under paragraph (2).
                (2) Civil action.--The Attorney General, on behalf of the
            Secretary, or contract counsel procured by the Secretary, may
            bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the
            United States against whoever engages in any of the prohibited
            acts described in paragraph (1) for the remedies provided in
            the Act of July 5, 1946 (commonly known as the ``Trademark Act
            of 1946'' or the ``Lanham Act'') (15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.).
        (e) Savings Clauses.--
                (1) Prior authorized uses.--Nothing in this section makes
            unlawful the use of any emblem, name, sign, symbol, insignia,
            or words that was lawful on December 26, 2020.
                (2) Delegation.--Nothing in this section limits the
            authority of the Secretary to delegate the authority of the
            Secretary as otherwise authorized by law.

    SEC. 7608. UNDER SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE FOR RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND
                  ECONOMICS.

        Section 251 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) be responsible for the coordination of research
            activities with other Federal agencies.'';
                (2) in subsection (e)(3)(C), by striking ``not less than 3
            years'' and inserting ``not less than 1 year''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(h) Interagency Coordination.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out cross-
            cutting and collaborative research and development activities
            focused on the joint advancement of the mission requirements
            and priorities of the Department of Agriculture and other
            Federal agencies.
                ``(2) Memoranda of understanding.--
                        ``(A) Department of energy.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Not later than 1 year
                            after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food,
                            and National Security Act of 2026, the
                            Secretary and the Secretary of Energy(referred
                            to in this subparagraph as the `Secretaries')
                            shall coordinate the activities under paragraph
                            (1) through the establishment of memoranda of
                            understanding or other appropriate interagency
                            agreements. Such a memorandum or such an
                            agreement shall require the use of a
                            competitive, merit-reviewed process as
                            appropriate. Activities may include components
                            proposed by Federal agencies, National
                            Laboratories, institutions of higher education,
                            nonprofit organizations, and other entities
                            deemed appropriate under the memorandum or
                            agreement.
                                ``(ii) Coordination.--In carrying out the
                            activities under paragraph (1), the Secretaries
                            may--
                                        ``(I) conduct collaborative
                                    research in a variety of focus areas;
                                        ``(II) develop methods to
                                    accommodate large voluntary
                                    standardized and integrated data sets
                                    on agricultural, environmental, supply
                                    chain, and economic information with
                                    variable accuracy and scale;
                                        ``(III) promote collaboration and
                                    open community-based development
                                    between--
                                                ``(aa) Federal agencies;
                                                ``(bb) National
                                            Laboratories;
                                                ``(cc) institutions of
                                            higher education (as defined in
                                            section 101 of the Higher
                                            Education Act of 1965 (20
                                            U.S.C. 1001));
                                                ``(dd) nonprofit
                                            institutions;
                                                ``(ee) industry partners;
                                            and
                                                ``(ff) other entities
                                            deemed appropriate under the
                                            memorandum or agreement
                                            involved;
                                        ``(IV) support research
                                    infrastructure, including new
                                    facilities and equipment, and workforce
                                    development as the Secretaries
                                    determine necessary;
                                        ``(V) conduct collaborative
                                    research, development, and
                                    demonstration of methods and
                                    technologies; and
                                        ``(VI) facilitate relations between
                                    public and private entities to carry on
                                    the activities of this clause upon the
                                    termination of any agreement
                                    established under this subparagraph.
                                ``(iii) Agreements.--In carrying out the
                            activities under this subparagraph, the
                            Secretaries are authorized to--
                                        ``(I) carry out reimbursable
                                    agreements between the Department of
                                    Agriculture, the Department of Defense,
                                    and other entities in order to maximize
                                    the effectiveness of research and
                                    development; and
                                        ``(II) collaborate with other
                                    Federal agencies, as appropriate.
                        ``(B) National science foundation.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Not later than 1 year
                            after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food,
                            and National Security Act of 2026, the
                            Secretary and the Director of the National
                            Science Foundation (referred to in this
                            subparagraph as the ``Director'') shall
                            coordinate the activities under paragraph (1)
                            through the establishment of memoranda of
                            understanding or other appropriate interagency
                            agreements. Such a memorandum or such an
                            agreement shall require the use of a
                            competitive, merit-reviewed process as
                            appropriate. Activities may include components
                            proposed by Federal agencies, institutions of
                            higher education, nonprofit organizations, and
                            other entities deemed appropriate under the
                            memorandum or agreement.
                                ``(ii) Coordination.--In carrying out the
                            activities under paragraph (1), the Secretary
                            and the Director may--
                                        ``(I) conduct collaborative
                                    research in a variety of focus areas;
                                        ``(II) promote collaboration and
                                    open, community-based development
                                    between--
                                                ``(aa) Federal agencies;
                                                ``(bb) institutions of
                                            higher education;
                                                ``(cc) community colleges
                                            (as defined in section 3167B of
                                            the Energy Science Education
                                            Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C.
                                            7381c-3));
                                                ``(dd) area career and
                                            technical education schools (as
                                            defined in section 3 of the
                                            Carl D. Perkins Career and
                                            Technical Education Act of 2006
                                            (20 U.S.C. 2302));
                                                ``(ee) nonprofit
                                            institutions;
                                                ``(ff) industry partners;
                                            and
                                                ``(gg) other entities
                                            deemed appropriate under the
                                            memorandum or agreement;
                                        ``(III) support research
                                    infrastructure, including new
                                    facilities, equipment and broadband
                                    deployment, as the Secretary and
                                    Director determine necessary;
                                        ``(IV) develop translational
                                    technologies for commercial
                                    utilization;
                                        ``(V) organize education, training,
                                    and research initiatives relating to
                                    STEM education and workforce
                                    development, which may include--
                                                ``(aa) activities supported
                                            by the Cooperative Extension
                                            System;
                                                ``(bb) industrial
                                            partnership programs;
                                                ``(cc) workshops for
                                            educating kindergarten through
                                            grade 12 teachers on how to
                                            increase agricultural literacy;
                                                ``(dd) development of
                                            agricultural-based science
                                            curricula for kindergarten
                                            through grade 12 students; and
                                                ``(ee) distribution of
                                            resources for educators to
                                            implement curricula; and
                                        ``(VI) facilitate relationships
                                    between public and private entities to
                                    carry on the activities under this
                                    clause upon the termination of any
                                    agreement established under this
                                    subparagraph.
                                ``(iii) Agreements.--In carrying out the
                            activities under this subparagraph, the
                            Secretary and the Director are authorized to--
                                        ``(I) carry out reimbursable
                                    agreements between the Department of
                                    Agriculture, the National Science
                                    Foundation, and other entities in order
                                    to maximize the effectiveness of
                                    research and development; and
                                        ``(II) collaborate with other
                                    Federal agencies as appropriate.
                        ``(C) Department of defense.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Not later than 1 year
                            after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food,
                            and National Security Act of 2026, the
                            Secretary and the Secretary of Defense
                            (referred to in this subparagraph as the
                            `Secretaries') shall coordinate the activities
                            under paragraph (1) through the establishment
                            of memoranda of understanding or other
                            appropriate interagency agreements. Such a
                            memorandum or such an agreement shall require
                            the use of a competitive, merit-reviewed
                            process as appropriate. Activities may include
                            components proposed by Federal agencies,
                            National Laboratories, institutions of higher
                            education, nonprofit organizations, industry,
                            and other entities deemed appropriate under the
                            memorandum or agreement.
                                ``(ii) Coordination.--In carrying out the
                            activities under paragraph (1), the Secretaries
                            may--
                                        ``(I) conduct collaborative
                                    research in a variety of focus areas,
                                    including the areas specified in clause
                                    (iv);
                                        ``(II) develop methods to
                                    accommodate large voluntary
                                    standardized and integrated data sets
                                    on agricultural, environmental, supply
                                    chain, and economic information with
                                    variable accuracy and scale;
                                        ``(III) promote collaboration and
                                    secure information sharing with
                                    stakeholders that are capable of
                                    increasing market-based adoption of
                                    technologies developed pursuant to the
                                    memoranda of understanding or other
                                    appropriate interagency agreements
                                    entered into under this subparagraph;
                                        ``(IV) promote collaboration and
                                    open community-based development
                                    between--
                                                ``(aa) Federal agencies;
                                                ``(bb) National
                                            Laboratories;
                                                ``(cc) institutions of
                                            higher education (as defined in
                                            section 101 of the Higher
                                            Education Act of 1965 (20
                                            U.S.C. 1001));
                                                ``(dd) nonprofit
                                            institutions;
                                                ``(ee) industry partners;
                                            and
                                                ``(ff) other entities
                                            deemed appropriate under the
                                            memorandum or agreement
                                            involved;
                                        ``(V) support research
                                    infrastructure, including new
                                    facilities and equipment, and workforce
                                    development as the Secretaries
                                    determine necessary;
                                        ``(VI) conduct collaborative
                                    research, development, and
                                    demonstration of methods and
                                    technologies; and
                                        ``(VII) facilitate relations
                                    between public and private entities to
                                    carry on the activities of this clause
                                    upon the termination of any agreement
                                    established under this subparagraph.
                                ``(iii) Agreements.--In carrying out the
                            activities under this subparagraph, the
                            Secretaries are authorized to--
                                        ``(I) carry out reimbursable
                                    agreements between the Department of
                                    Agriculture, the Department of Defense,
                                    and other entities in order to maximize
                                    the effectiveness of research and
                                    development; and
                                        ``(II) collaborate with other
                                    Federal agencies, as appropriate.
                                ``(iv) Focus areas described.--The focus
                            areas described in this clause are the
                            following:
                                        ``(I) Management strategies for
                                    water, energy, soil, forests, and food
                                    to reduce scarcity risks to civilian
                                    and military operations.
                                        ``(II) Innovations applicable to
                                    defense objectives and beneficial to
                                    rural agricultural economies,
                                    including--
                                                ``(aa) precision
                                            agriculture technologies;
                                                ``(bb) drones;
                                                ``(cc) remote sensing; and
                                                ``(dd) positioning,
                                            navigation, and timing
                                            capabilities.
                                        ``(III) Mitigation of the impacts
                                    of chemicals, specifically
                                    perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl
                                    substances (commonly referred to as
                                    PFAS), released through activities
                                    carried out by the Department of
                                    Defense, to farmland contiguous to
                                    military bases.
                        ``(D) Other federal agencies.--In addition to the
                    memoranda of understanding with Federal agencies
                    described in subparagraphs (A) and (B), the Secretary
                    shall, as appropriate, enter into memoranda of
                    understanding with the heads of other Federal agencies
                    to coordinate the activities under paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Report.--Not later than two years after the date of
            enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026,
            the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional
            committees a report detailing--
                        ``(A) interagency coordination between each Federal
                    agency involved in the research and development
                    activities carried out under this section;
                        ``(B) potential opportunities to expand the
                    technical capabilities of each Federal agency involved
                    in the research and development activities carried out
                    under this section;
                        ``(C) collaborative research achievements;
                        ``(D) areas of future mutually beneficial
                    successes;
                        ``(E) continuation of coordination activities
                    between each Federal agency involved in the research
                    and development activities carried out under this
                    section;
                        ``(F) potential opportunities for additional
                    memoranda of understanding with other Federal agencies;
                    and
                        ``(G) any additional information as the Secretary
                    deems appropriate.
                ``(4) Research security.--The activities authorized under
            this section shall be applied in a manner consistent with
            subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development,
            Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of the
            CHIPS Act of 2022 (Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et
            seq.)).''.

    SEC. 7609. AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION CORPS.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish an Agricultural
    Innovation Corps (referred to in this section as the ``Ag I-Corps'') to
    promote technology transfer and increase the economic impact of
    federally-funded research through--
                (1) supporting agricultural researchers, students, and
            institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101 of
            the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), in
            exploring the commercial potential of technologies developed in
            laboratories through a standardized entrepreneurial training
            program; and
                (2) bringing together Agriculture Research Service
            researchers and institutions of higher education within a
            distinct geographical region to collaborate and deliver a
            standardized entrepreneurial training curriculum.
        (b) Eligibility.--Agricultural researchers, students, and
    institutions of higher education receiving funds from the Department
    shall be eligible to participate in Ag I-Corps.
        (c) Follow-on Grants.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary may make funds available
            from the Small Business Innovation Research Program for
            competitive grants to Ag I-Corps participants to help support--
                        (A) prototype or proof-of-concept development; and
                        (B) such activities as the Secretary considers
                    necessary to build local, regional, and national
                    infrastructure for agricultural entrepreneurship.
                (2) Limitation.--Grants under paragraph (1) shall be
            limited to participants in Ag I-Corps with innovations that,
            because of the early stage of development of such innovations,
            are not eligible to participate in a Small Business Innovation
            Research Program or Small Business Technology Transfer Program
            (as defined in section 9 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C.
            638)).
        (d) Partnerships.--The Secretary may engage in partnerships with
    other Federal agencies, State and local governments, economic
    development organizations, and nonprofit organizations to provide
    access to Ag I-Corps to support entrepreneurship education and training
    for agricultural researchers, students, and institutions of higher
    education under this section.
        (e) Report.--Not later than September 30, 2027, and not less
    frequently than once every other year, the Secretary shall submit to
    the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
    report on the efficacy of Ag I-Corps, including metrics on the
    effectiveness of the program.

    SEC. 7610. STUDY ON TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE WITH RESPECT TO TRANSFER OF
                  AGRICULTURAL LAND AND ASSETS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than September 30, 2026, the Secretary
    of Agriculture shall conduct a study on, and submit to Congress a
    report on, ways to increase opportunities for 1890 Institutions (as
    defined in section 2 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and
    Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601)) to conduct educational
    programs and provide technical assistance with respect to issues
    relating to the transfers of agricultural land and assets, including
    heirs property, to the next generation of farmers and ranchers.
        (b) Heirs Property Defined.--In this section, the term ``heirs
    property'' means real property held in tenancy in common which, as of
    the date on which a partition action is filed, satisfies all of the
    following requirements:
                (1) There is no recorded agreement binding all the co-
            tenants which governs the partition of the property.
                (2) One or more of the co-tenants acquired title from a
            relative, whether living or deceased.
                (3) Any of the following applies:
                        (A) 20 percent or more of the interests are held by
                    co-tenants who are relatives.
                        (B) 20 percent or more of the interests are held by
                    an individual who acquired title from a relative,
                    whether living or deceased.
                        (C) 20 percent or more of the co-tenants are
                    relatives.

                              TITLE VIII--FORESTRY

            Subtitle A--Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978

    SEC. 8101. SUPPORT FOR STATE ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES FOR FOREST
                  RESOURCES.

        Section 2A(f) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978
    (16 U.S.C. 2101a(f)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``to carry out this
            section,'' and all that follows through the period at the end
            and inserting the following: ``the Secretary may use any other
            funds made available under this Act to develop and implement
            the State-wide assessment and State-wide strategy required by
            subsection (a), except that the total amount of combined
            funding used to develop and implement such assessment and
            strategy may not exceed $10,000,000 in any fiscal year.''.

    SEC. 8102. FOREST LEGACY PROGRAM TECHNICAL CORRECTION.

        Section 7(l)(3) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978
    (16 U.S.C. 2103c(l)(3)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``the State of
            Vermont'' and inserting ``a State''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (B)(ii), in the matter preceding
            subclause (I), by striking ``of Vermont'' and inserting
            ``involved''.

    SEC. 8103. STATE AND PRIVATE FOREST LANDSCAPE-SCALE RESTORATION
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 13A(l)(3) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of
    1978 (16 U.S.C. 2109a(l)(3)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 8104. RURAL FIRE PREVENTION AND CONTROL.

        Section 10 of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (16
    U.S.C 2106) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (e)(2)(B), by striking ``in kind
            contributions.'' and inserting ``in-kind contributions. The
            Secretary may waive the Federal share requirements of this
            subparagraph with respect to any such funds made available to
            rural volunteer fire departments.''; and
                (2) in subsection (g)(1)--
                        (A) by striking ``any organized, not for profit,
                    fire protection organization'' and inserting ``any fire
                    protection organization that is organized as a not for
                    profit organization or by the authority of a local
                    government and'';
                        (B) by striking ``10,000'' and inserting
                    ``15,000''; and
                        (C) by striking ``80'' and inserting ``70''.

              Subtitle B--Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003

    SEC. 8201. PROMOTING CROSS-BOUNDARY WILDFIRE MITIGATION.

        Section 103(e)(5) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
    (16 U.S.C. 6513(e)(5)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 8202. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR HAZARDOUS FUEL REDUCTION
                  ON FEDERAL LAND.

        Section 108 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6518) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 8203. WATER SOURCE PROTECTION PROGRAM.

        Section 303 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6542) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (7) as
                    paragraphs (2) through (8), respectively;
                        (B) by inserting before paragraph (2), as so
                    redesignated, the following:
                ``(1) Adjacent land.--The term `adjacent land' means non-
            Federal land, including State, local, and private land, that is
            adjacent to, and within the same watershed as, National Forest
            System land on which a watershed protection and restoration
            project is carried out under this section.''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated--
                                (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (G) and
                            (H) as subparagraphs (K) and (L), respectively;
                            and
                                (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (F)
                            the following:
                        ``(G) an acequia association;
                        ``(H) a local, regional, or other public entity
                    that manages stormwater or wastewater resources or
                    other related water infrastructure;
                        ``(I) a land-grant mercedes;
                        ``(J) a local, regional, or other private entity
                    that has water delivery authority;'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) by striking ``The Secretary shall'' and
                    inserting the following:
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) Requirements.--A watershed protection and restoration
            project under the Program shall be designed to--
                        ``(A) protect and restore watershed health, water
                    supply and quality, a municipal or agricultural water
                    supply system, and water-related infrastructure;
                        ``(B) protect and restore forest health from insect
                    infestation and disease or wildfire; or
                        ``(C) advance any combination of the purposes
                    described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
                ``(3) Priorities.--In selecting watershed protection and
            restoration projects under the Program, the Secretary shall
            give priority to projects that--
                        ``(A) provide risk management benefits associated
                    with drought; wildfire; post-wildfire conditions;
                    extreme weather; flooding; resilience to climate
                    change; and watershed and fire resilience, including
                    minimizing risks to watershed health, water supply and
                    quality, and water-related infrastructure, including
                    municipal and agricultural water supply systems;
                        ``(B) support aquatic restoration and conservation
                    efforts that complement existing or planned forest
                    restoration or wildfire risk reduction efforts; or
                        ``(C) provide quantifiable benefits to water supply
                    or quality and include the use of nature-based
                    solutions, such as restoring wetland and riparian
                    ecosystems.
                ``(4) Conditions for projects on adjacent land.--
                        ``(A) In general.--No project or activity may be
                    carried out under this section on adjacent land unless
                    the owner of the adjacent land agrees in writing that
                    the owner is a willing and engaged partner in carrying
                    out that project or activity.
                        ``(B) Effect.--Nothing in this section shall be
                    construed to authorize any change in--
                                ``(i) the ownership of adjacent land on
                            which a project or activity is carried out
                            under this section; or
                                ``(ii) the management of adjacent land on
                            which a project or activity is carried out
                            under this section, except during the carrying
                            out of that project or activity.'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``watersheds that
                    provide water to the end water users'' and inserting
                    ``watersheds, and lands adjacent to any such watershed,
                    that provide water--
                        ``(A) to the end water users subject to the
                    agreement; or
                        ``(B) for the benefit of another end water user.'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``or''
                            at the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as
                            subparagraph (E); and
                                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C)
                            the following:
                        ``(D) a good neighbor agreement entered into under
                    section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C.
                    2113a); or''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Cooperation with non-federal partners.--The Secretary
            shall cooperate with non-Federal partners in carrying out
            assessments, planning, project design, and project
            implementation under this section.'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
                ``(2) Requirements.--A water source management plan shall
            be--
                        ``(A) designed to protect and restore ecological
                    integrity (as defined in section 219.19 of title 36,
                    Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date
                    of enactment of this subparagraph));
                        ``(B) based on the best available scientific
                    information; and
                        ``(C) conducted in a manner consistent with the
                    forest plan applicable to the National Forest System
                    land on which the watershed protection and restoration
                    project is carried out.''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Reducing redundancy.--An existing watershed plan,
            such as a watershed protection and restoration action plan
            developed under section 304(a)(3), or other applicable
            watershed planning documents as approved by the Secretary may
            be used as the basis for a water source management plan under
            this subsection.'';
                (5) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``primary purpose
            of'' and all that follows through the period at the end and
            inserting ``primary purpose of advancing any of the purposes
            described in subsection (b)(2).'';
                (6) in subsection (g), by amending paragraph (2) to read as
            follows:
                ``(2) Matching funds required.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the
                    Secretary shall require the contribution of funds or
                    in-kind support from non-Federal partners to be in an
                    amount that is not less than 50 percent of the amount
                    of Federal funds.
                        ``(B) Waiver.--The requirement in subparagraph (A)
                    may be waived at the discretion of the Secretary.'';
                    and
                (7) in subsection (g)(4)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``2019 through
                    2023'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Set-aside for partner participation in
                    planning and technical assistance.--Of the amounts made
                    available under subparagraph (B) to carry out this
                    section for each fiscal year, the Secretary may not use
                    more than 10 percent for non-Federal partner planning
                    and technical assistance efforts in developing or
                    implementing a water source management plan under
                    subsection (d).''.

    SEC. 8204. WATERSHED CONDITION FRAMEWORK TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

        Section 304(a) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6543(a)) is amended in paragraphs (3) and (5) by striking
    ``protection and''.

    SEC. 8205. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS TO COMBAT INSECT
                  INFESTATIONS AND RELATED DISEASES.

        Section 406 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6556) is amended by striking ``October 1, 2023'' and inserting
    ``October 1, 2031''.

    SEC. 8206. INSECT AND DISEASE INFESTATION.

        Section 602(d)(2) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
    (16 U.S.C. 6591a(d)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 8207. STEWARDSHIP END RESULT CONTRACTING PROJECTS.

        Section 604 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6591c) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b), by inserting ``, including retaining
            and expanding existing forest products infrastructure necessary
            to carry out an agreement or contract under this subsection''
            before the period at the end;
                (2) in subsection (d)(3)(B), by striking ``10 years'' and
            inserting ``20 years''; and
                (3) in subsection (h), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Special rule for long-term stewardship contracts.--
                        ``(A) Definition of multiyear contract.--In this
                    paragraph, the term `multiyear contract' means a
                    contract entered into under subsection (b) that--
                                ``(i) has a term of at least 5 years; and
                                ``(ii) is entered into on or after the date
                            of enactment of this paragraph.
                        ``(B) Special rule.--A multiyear contract entered
                    into under subsection (b) by the Chief or the Director
                    with an entity shall provide that, in the case of
                    cancellation or termination of the multiyear contract
                    by the Chief or the Director, the Chief or the
                    Director, as applicable, shall provide to the entity a
                    cancellation or termination payment equal to the lesser
                    of--
                                ``(i) an amount equal to 10 percent of the
                            multiyear contract; or
                                ``(ii) the amount of unrecovered costs that
                            would have been recouped through amortization
                            over the full term of the contract (including
                            the term canceled).''.

                      Subtitle C--Other Forestry Programs

    SEC. 8301. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL AGROFORESTRY CENTERS.

        Section 1243 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act
    of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law 101-624) is amended--
                (1) by striking the section heading and inserting
            ``national and regional agroforestry centers'';
                (2) by redesignating subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) as
            subsections (b), (d), (e), and (h), respectively;
                (3) by inserting before subsection (b) (as so redesignated)
            the following:
        ``(a) Definition of Agroforestry.--In this section, the term
    `agroforestry' means a management system that intentionally integrates
    trees and shrubs into crop and animal farming systems to build more
    profitable and weather-resilient farms, ranches, and communities,
    address natural resource concerns and conservation needs, and establish
    productive and sustainable land use practices, including--
                ``(1) riparian forest buffers;
                ``(2) alley cropping;
                ``(3) silvopasture;
                ``(4) forest farming and multistory cropping; and
                ``(5) windbreaks, shelterbelts, hedgerows, and, where
            applicable, field borders, and living snow fences.'';
                (4) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking
                    ``Semiarid'' and inserting ``National'';
                        (B) by inserting ``(referred to in this section as
                    the `Secretary')'' after ``Secretary of Agriculture'';
                        (C) by striking ``Semiarid Agroforestry Research,
                    Development, and Demonstration Center (hereafter
                    referred to in this section as the `Center')'' and
                    inserting ``National Agroforestry Research,
                    Development, and Demonstration Center''; and
                        (D) by striking ``at the Center under subsection
                    (b)'' and inserting ``under subsection (d)'';
                (5) by inserting after subsection (b) (as so redesignated)
            the following:
        ``(c) Regional Agroforestry Centers.--
                ``(1) Establishment.--The Secretary, acting through the
            Chief of the Forest Service and in cooperation with the Natural
            Resources Conservation Service, shall, subject to the
            availability of appropriations, establish 1 or more regional
            agroforestry centers to advance agroforestry research,
            outreach, technical assistance, and adoption.
                ``(2) Director.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of
            the Forest Service and in cooperation with the Natural
            Resources Conservation Service, shall appoint a Director to
            manage and coordinate the 1 or more regional agroforestry
            centers established under paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Location.--In selecting the locations for the 1 or
            more regional agroforestry centers under paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall prioritize locations at which the Department of
            Agriculture has, on the date of enactment of the Farm, Food,
            and National Security Act of 2026, at least 1 employee
            providing coordination among a diverse group of research
            institutions and other partners.
                ``(4) Administration.--Regional agroforestry centers
            established under paragraph (1) shall by administered by the
            National Agroforestry Center.'';
                (6) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``the Center'' and
                            inserting ``each of the centers established
                            under subsections (b) and (c) (referred to in
                            this section as the `Centers')'';
                                (ii) by inserting ``and organizations''
                            after ``nonprofit foundations''; and
                                (iii) by inserting ``demonstration
                            projects,'' after ``studies,'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) by striking ``on semiarid lands that''
                            and inserting ``that build soil health and'';
                            and
                                (ii) by inserting ``, including
                            agroforestry systems on semiarid land and other
                            fragile agroecosystems where permanent woody
                            perennial plant communities can enhance carbon
                            sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas
                            emissions'' before the semicolon;
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``forestry
                    products for commercial sale from semiarid land'' and
                    inserting ``agroforestry products for commercial
                    sale'';
                        (D) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) by striking ``in semiarid regions'';
                            and
                                (ii) by striking ``the Great Plains
                            region'' and inserting ``particular regions'';
                        (E) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``technical
                    assistance, demonstration projects, and'' before
                    ``technology'';
                        (F) by redesignating paragraphs (7) through (11) as
                    paragraphs (8) through (12), respectively;
                        (G) by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the
                    following:
                ``(6) develop improved silvopasture, alley cropping, forest
            farming, multistory cropping, riparian buffer, windbreak and
            shelterbelt, and other perennial production and conservation
            systems and technologies to improve soil health, carbon
            sequestration, drought preparedness, soil and water
            conservation, environmental quality, and biological diversity;
                ``(7) address barriers to the adoption of agroforestry
            practices, including--
                        ``(A) insufficient access to plant material;
                        ``(B) insufficient infrastructure to contain
                    equipment and plant material;
                        ``(C) insufficient machinery to implement
                    agroforestry practices;
                        ``(D) insufficient technical service assistance;
                    and
                        ``(E) insufficient research related to agroforestry
                    systems, including silvopasture and alley cropping;'';
                        (H) in paragraph (8) (as so redesignated), by
                    striking ``on semiarid lands'';
                        (I) in paragraph (9) (as so redesignated), by
                    striking ``on semiarid lands worldwide'' and inserting
                    ``worldwide, including on semiarid land''; and
                        (J) in paragraph (10) (as so redesignated)--
                                (i) by striking ``on semiarid lands''; and
                                (ii) by inserting ``and extreme weather''
                            after ``pollution'';
                (7) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
                    striking ``the Center'' and inserting ``each of the
                    Centers'';
                        (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``forestry'' and inserting
                            ``forestry, agroforestry,''; and
                                (ii) by striking the period at the end and
                            inserting ``; and''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) facilitate agroforestry adoption by disseminating
            comprehensive information on Federal, State, local, and Tribal
            programs that provide support for agroforestry.'';
                (8) by inserting after subsection (e) (as so redesignated)
            the following:
        ``(f) Regional Support.--The Secretary shall provide targeted
    regional support for agroforestry projects, including demonstration
    sites.
        ``(g) Survey.--Not later than 5 years after the date of the
    enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 and
    every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall conduct a National
    Agroforestry Producers Survey.''; and
                (9) in subsection (h) (as so redesignated)--
                        (A) by striking ``There are'' and inserting ``In
                    addition to amounts otherwise available, there is'';
                    and
                        (B) by striking ``$5,000,000 for each of fiscal
                    years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``$7,000,000
                    for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 8302. NATIONAL FOREST FOUNDATION ACT.

        (a) Matching Funds.--Section 405(b) of the National Forest
    Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-3(b)) is amended by striking ``2023''
    and inserting ``2031''.
        (b) White Oak Restoration Fund.--Section 409 of the National Forest
    Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-7) is amended--
                (1) by striking ``The activities'' and inserting the
            following:
        ``(a) In General.--The activities''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(b) White Oak Restoration Fund.--
                ``(1) In general.--Funds described in paragraph (2) shall
            be made available for activities--
                        ``(A) on national forests that are approved by the
                    Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest
                    Service; and
                        ``(B) to--
                                ``(i) re-establish white oak forests where
                            appropriate;
                                ``(ii) improve management of existing white
                            oak forests to foster natural regeneration of
                            white oak;
                                ``(iii) improve and expand white oak
                            nursery stock; and
                                ``(iv) adapt and improve white oak
                            seedlings.
                ``(2) Fund.--The National Forest Foundation may accept
            gifts, devises, or bequests for the purposes of carrying out
            the activities specified in paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Summary.--Beginning 1 year after the date of the
            enactment of this section, the National Forest Foundation shall
            include in the budget justification materials submitted to
            Congress in support of the budget of each such Foundation for
            each fiscal year (as submitted with the budget of the President
            under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code) a
            summary of the activities carried out under paragraph (1) and
            the funds accepted under paragraph (2) that includes--
                        ``(A) the amount--
                                ``(i) accepted under paragraph (2) in the
                            preceding fiscal year; and
                                ``(ii) described in clause (i) that is
                            unobligated on the date of the report; and
                        ``(B) a description of the activities under
                    paragraph (1) funded during the preceding fiscal
                    year.''.
        (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 410(b) of the
    National Forest Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-8(b)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 8303. CONVEYANCES AND LEASES OF FOREST SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE
                  SITES.

        (a) Conveyance of Forest Service Administrative Sites.--Section
    503(f) of the Forest Service Facility Realignment and Enhancement Act
    of 2005 (16 U.S.C. 580d note; Public Law 109-54) is amended by striking
    ``September 30, 2019'' and inserting ``September 30, 2031''.
        (b) Authorization for Lease of Forest Service Sites.--Section
    8623(i) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (16 U.S.C. 580d
    note; Public Law 115-334) is amended by striking ``2023'' each place it
    appears and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 8304. FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS.

        (a) In General.--Section 3(e) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable
    Resources Research Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1642(e)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``their resources'' and inserting
                    ``the resources of those forests, including forest
                    carbon,'';
                        (B) by striking ``In compliance'' and inserting the
                    following:
                        ``(A) In general.--In compliance''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Additional methods.--Under the program under
                    this subsection, the Secretary shall carry out, as a
                    data collection method--
                                ``(i) a national timber products output
                            survey; and
                                ``(ii) a national woodland owner survey.'';
                (2) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting ``including with
            respect to available forest carbon data,'' after ``2
            decades,'';
                (3) in paragraph (4)--
                        (A) in the second sentence, by striking ``The
                    standards'' and inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Inclusions.--The standards described in
                    subparagraph (A)'';
                        (B) by striking ``(4) National standards and
                    definitions.--To ensure'' and inserting the following:
                ``(4) National consistency.--
                        ``(A) Standards and definitions.--To ensure''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(C) Terminology.--The Secretary shall include a
                    clear description of the definition of `forest' used
                    for purposes of reporting data from inventories and
                    analyses of forests and the resources of forests under
                    this subsection with--
                                ``(i) any data or report provided under the
                            program under this subsection;
                                ``(ii) Renewable Resource Assessments
                            prepared under section 3(a) of the Forest and
                            Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of
                            1974 (16 U.S.C. 1601(a)); and
                                ``(iii) any data or report provided to an
                            entity outside the United States.'';
                (4) in paragraph (6)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``Not later than 180 days after the date of
                    enactment of this subsection,'' and inserting ``In
                    accordance with paragraph (7),''; and
                        (B) by striking subparagraphs (D) and (E) and
                    inserting the following:
                        ``(D) the organization and procedures necessary to
                    understand and report on changes in land cover and use;
                        ``(E) the organization and procedures necessary to
                    sample and evaluate carbon-related data variables,
                    including soil carbon, collected from forest inventory
                    and analysis plots, timber products output surveys, and
                    national woodland owner surveys to ensure that carbon
                    accounting information needs can be met; and''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(7) Updates to strategic plan.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after
                    the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary
                    shall prepare an update to the strategic plan under
                    paragraph (6) to include--
                                ``(i) a plan to implement nationally
                            consistent data collection protocols and
                            procedures to improve the statistical precision
                            of base program estimates;
                                ``(ii) pathways to integrate and report on
                            status and trends in forest carbon pools,
                            including below-ground carbon;
                                ``(iii) plans, including the identification
                            of challenges, to collaborate with other
                            Federal agencies, non-Federal partners, and the
                            private sector to integrate existing nationally
                            available data sets and best available
                            commercial technologies, such as remote
                            sensing, spatial analysis techniques, and other
                            new technologies;
                                ``(iv) a plan to increase transparency and
                            clarity in reporting in accordance with
                            paragraph (4)(C);
                                ``(v) a plan to expand current data
                            collection, further integrate remote sensing
                            technology, or both, to include procedures to
                            improve the statistical precision of estimates
                            at the sub-State level;
                                ``(vi) a plan to expand current data
                            collection, further integrate remote sensing
                            technology, or both, to include information on
                            renewable biomass supplies and carbon stocks at
                            the local, State, regional, and national
                            levels, including by ownership type; and
                                ``(vii) such other matters as the Secretary
                            determines to be appropriate based on
                            recommendations of the Forest Inventory and
                            Analysis National User Group.
                        ``(B) Submission.--Not later than 180 days after
                    the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary
                    shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee
                    on Agriculture of the House of Representatives the
                    update to the strategic plan prepared under
                    subparagraph (A).
                        ``(C) Further updates.--Not later than 5 years
                    after the date on which the update is submitted under
                    subparagraph (B), and every 5 years thereafter, the
                    Secretary shall--
                                ``(i) prepare an additional update to the
                            strategic plan; and
                                ``(ii) submit the additional update to the
                            committees described in subparagraph (B).
                ``(8) Accessibility.--The Secretary shall ensure that data
            collected under this subsection is--
                        ``(A) easily accessible to all public- and private-
                    sector entities; and
                        ``(B) collected and made accessible using means
                    that ensure the confidentiality, in accordance with
                    section 1770 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C.
                    2276), of--
                                ``(i) plot locations;
                                ``(ii) nonaggregated data of woodland
                            owners; and
                                ``(iii) nonaggregated data from timber
                            product output survey.
                ``(9) Biennial compilations.--Biennially, the Secretary
            shall prepare and make publicly available a compilation of
            national forest inventory and analysis forest statistics, which
            shall be similar to the tables contained in the Renewable
            Resource Assessments prepared under section 3(a) of the Forest
            and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16
            U.S.C. 1601(a)), accompanied by relevant geospatial products.
                ``(10) External complex data requests.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish an
                    office, a data platform, or team to process and respond
                    to complex data requests submitted by external
                    organizations relating to the program under this
                    subsection.
                        ``(B) Fees.--
                                ``(i) In general.--To cover the costs of
                            processing of and responding to complex data
                            requests described in subparagraph (A), the
                            Secretary may impose fees on external
                            organizations submitting the requests.
                                ``(ii) Fees collected.--Fees collected
                            under clause (i) may only be used for the
                            purposes described in such clause.
                ``(11) Reports.--Each year, the Secretary shall publish as
            part of the forest inventory and analysis business report a
            detailed description of the progress of the Secretary in
            implementing the programmatic elements of the strategic plan
            described in paragraph (6), including--
                        ``(A) the costs and priorities of the strategic
                    plan; and
                        ``(B) how the program under this subsection
                    leverages new technology, improves and standardizes
                    collection protocols, and increases workforce
                    capacity.''.
        (b) Remote Sensing Technologies.--Section 8632(1) of the
    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law
    115-334) is amended by striking ``technologies'' and inserting
    ``technologies, such as microwave, LiDAR, hyperspectral, and high-
    resolution remote sensing data, and advanced computing technologies for
    improved modeling to provide tabular statistical estimates and
    geospatial products,''.

    SEC. 8305. REFORESTATION, NURSERY, AND SEED ORCHARD SUPPORT.

        (a) Partnerships, Collaboration, and Other Assistance in Support of
    Nurseries and Seed Orchards.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief
    of the Forest Service, shall--
                (1) partner with Federal and State agencies, Indian Tribes,
            private nurseries, and other relevant entities to provide
            training, technical assistance, and research to nursery and
            tree establishment programs that support natural regeneration,
            reforestation, agroforestry, and afforestation;
                (2) promote information sharing to improve the technical
            knowledge, practices, and understanding of the demands, climate
            change impacts, and other issues necessary to address all
            facets of the reforestation pipeline;
                (3) provide technical and financial assistance to
            international nursery and tree establishment programs through--
                        (A) international programs conducted by the Forest
                    Service pursuant to the International Forestry
                    Cooperation Act of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.);
                        (B) the Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry of
                    the Forest Service; and
                        (C) the International Institute of Tropical
                    Forestry of the Forest Service;
                (4) collaborate with other relevant Federal departments and
            agencies, including the Foreign Agricultural Service of the
            Department, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service of the
            Department of the Interior, and international organizations to
            provide technical and financial assistance related to nurseries
            and reforestation;
                (5) coordinate the efforts of the Department to--
                        (A) address the challenges associated with the
                    reforestation pipeline; and
                        (B) leverage economic development assistance for
                    work with private nurseries; and
                (6) expand science-based reforestation supply chains
            through research, seed collection and storage, and nursery
            infrastructure and operations in coordination with the
            Administrator of the Agricultural Research Service.
        (b) Nursery and Seed Orchard Financial Assistance.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a program
            to provide grants to eligible recipients to support nurseries
            and seed orchards.
                (2) Eligible projects.--The Secretary may make a grant
            under this subsection to an eligible recipient for a project to
            carry out at least one of the following:
                        (A) Develop, expand, enhance, or improve nursery
                    production capacity or other infrastructure to--
                                (i) improve seed collection, processing,
                            and storage;
                                (ii) increase seedling production, storage,
                            and distribution; or
                                (iii) enhance seedling survival and
                            properly manage tree genetic resources.
                        (B) Establish, improve, or expand a nursery or seed
                    orchard, including by acquiring equipment for such
                    nursery or seed orchard.
                        (C) Develop or implement quality control measures
                    at nurseries or seed orchards.
                        (D) Promote workforce development within any facet
                    of the reforestation pipeline.
                        (E) Carry out such other activity as the Secretary
                    determines appropriate.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Eligible recipient.--The term ``eligible recipient''
            means--
                        (A) a State forestry agency;
                        (B) an Indian Tribe;
                        (C) a private nursery that has experience growing
                    high-quality native trees of appropriate genetic
                    sources in bareroot or container stock types specific
                    for reforestation, restoration, or conservation,
                    including native plants and seeds that are of cultural
                    significance to Indian Tribes;
                        (D) an institution of higher education (as defined
                    in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
                    U.S.C. 1001)); and
                        (E) a county or local government with a nursery or
                    seed orchard.
                (2) Nursery.--The term ``nursery'' means a tree or native
            plant nursery.
                (3) Seed orchard.--The term ``seed orchard'' means a tree
            or native plant seed orchard.
                (4) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several
            States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
            Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States.
        (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2027 through 2031.

                         Subtitle D--Forest Management

                   PART I--NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

    SEC. 8401. CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION FOR HIGH PRIORITY HAZARD TREES.

        (a) Categorical Exclusion.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a
            categorical exclusion (as defined in section 111 of the
            National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4336e))
            for high-priority hazard tree activities.
                (2) Administration.--In developing and administering the
            categorical exclusion under paragraph (1), the Secretary
            shall--
                        (A) comply with the National Environmental Policy
                    Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and
                        (B) apply the extraordinary circumstances
                    procedures under section 220.6 of title 36, Code of
                    Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), in
                    determining whether to use the categorical exclusion.
                (3) Project size limitation.--A project carried out using
            the categorical exclusion developed under paragraph (1) may not
            exceed 6,000 acres.
        (b) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) High-priority hazard tree.--The term ``high-priority
            hazard tree'' means a standing tree that--
                        (A) presents a visible hazard to people or property
                    due to conditions such as deterioration of, or damage
                    to, the root system, trunk, stem, or limbs of the tree,
                    or the direction or lean of the tree, as determined by
                    the Secretary;
                        (B) is determined by the Secretary to be highly
                    likely to fail and, on failure, would be highly likely
                    to cause injury to people or damage to Federal
                    property; and
                        (C) is located--
                                (i) within 300 feet of a National Forest
                            System road with a maintenance level of 3, 4,
                            or 5;
                                (ii) along a National Forest System trail;
                            or
                                (iii) in a developed recreation site--
                                        (I) that is operated and maintained
                                    by the Secretary; and
                                        (II) on National Forest System
                                    land.
                (2) High-priority hazard tree activity.--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``high-priority hazard
                    tree activity'' means a forest management activity that
                    mitigates the risks associated with high-priority
                    hazard trees, including pruning, felling, and disposal
                    of a high-priority hazard tree.
                        (B) Exclusions.--The term ``high-priority hazard
                    tree activity'' does not include any activity--
                                (i) conducted in a wilderness area or
                            wilderness study area;
                                (ii) for the construction of a permanent
                            road or permanent trail;
                                (iii) conducted on Federal land on which,
                            by Act of Congress or Presidential
                            proclamation, the removal of vegetation is
                            restricted or prohibited;
                                (iv) conducted in an area in which
                            activities described in subparagraph (A) would
                            be inconsistent with the applicable land and
                            resource management plan; or
                                (v) conducted in an inventoried roadless
                            area.

    SEC. 8402. COLLABORATIVE RESTORATION PROJECTS.

        Section 603(c)(1) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
    (16 U.S.C. 6591b(c)(1)) is amended by striking ``3000 acres'' and
    inserting ``10,000 acres''.

    SEC. 8403. WILDFIRE RESILIENCE PROJECT SIZE.

        Section 605(c)(1) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003
    (16 U.S.C. 6591d(c)(1)) is amended by striking ``3000 acres'' and
    inserting ``10,000 acres''.

    SEC. 8404. FUEL BREAKS IN FORESTS AND OTHER WILDLAND VEGETATION.

        Section 40806(d)(1) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
    (16 U.S.C. 6592b(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``3,000 acres'' and
    inserting ``10,000 acres''.

    SEC. 8405. GREATER SAGE-GROUSE AND MULE DEER HABITAT.

        Section 606 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16
    U.S.C. 6591e) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(1)(A)--
                        (A) by striking clause (ii);
                        (B) by redesignating clauses (iii) through (vii) as
                    clauses (ii) through (vi), respectively; and
                        (C) in clause (iii), as so redesignated, by
                    striking ``in a sagebrush steppe ecosystem'';
                (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``concurrently for both
            greater sage-grouse and'' and inserting ``for greater sage-
            grouse or''; and
                (3) by amending subsection (g) to read as follows:
        ``(g) Limitation.--A covered vegetation management activity that is
    covered by the categorical exclusion under subsection (b) may not
    exceed 4,500 acres in a forested ecosystem or 7,500 acres in a
    rangeland ecosystem.''.

    SEC. 8406. CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION FOR ELECTRIC UTILITY LINES RIGHTS-OF-
                  WAY.

        (a) Categorical Exclusion Established.--Forest management
    activities described in subsection (b) are a category of activities
    designated as being categorically excluded from the preparation of an
    environmental assessment or an environmental impact statement under
    section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C.
    4332).
        (b) Forest Management Activities Designated for Categorical
    Exclusion.--The forest management activities designated as being
    categorically excluded under subsection (a) are--
                (1) the development and approval of a vegetation
            management, facility inspection, and operation and maintenance
            plan submitted under section 512(c)(1) of the Federal Land
            Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1772(c)(1)) to the
            Secretary; and
                (2) the implementation of routine activities conducted
            under the plan referred to in paragraph (1).
        (c) Availability of Categorical Exclusion.--On and after the date
    of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary may use the categorical
    exclusion established under subsection (a) in accordance with this
    section.
        (d) Exclusion of Certain Areas.--The categorical exclusion
    established under subsection (a) shall not apply to any forest
    management activity conducted--
                (1) in a component of the National Wilderness Preservation
            System; or
                (2) on National Forest System lands on which, by Act of
            Congress, the removal of vegetation is restricted or
            prohibited.
        (e) Permanent Roads.--
                (1) Prohibition on establishment.--A forest management
            activity designated under subsection (b) shall not include the
            establishment of a permanent road.
                (2) Existing roads.--The Secretary may carry out necessary
            maintenance and repair on an existing permanent road for the
            purposes of conducting a forest management activity designated
            under subsection (b).
                (3) Temporary roads.--The Secretary shall decommission any
            temporary road constructed for a forest management activity
            designated under subsection (b) not later than 3 years after
            the date on which the action is completed.
        (f) Applicable Law.--A forest management activity designated under
    subsection (b) shall not be subject to section 7 of the Endangered
    Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1536) or section 106 of the National
    Historic Preservation Act.

    SEC. 8407. FOREST MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ON NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM
                  LANDS.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary may conduct forest management
    activities on National Forest System land.
        (b) Coordination.--In carrying out forest management activities,
    the Secretary shall, as appropriate, coordinate with impacted parties
    to increase efficiency and maximize the compatibility of management
    practices across National Forest System lands.
        (c) Objectives.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary shall conduct forest
            management activities on National Forest System land in a
            manner that attains multiple ecosystem benefits, including.--
                        (A) reducing forest fuels;
                        (B) maintaining the diversity of plant and animal
                    communities;
                        (C) improving soil, streams, lakes, wetlands, and
                    water quality, including in riparian areas; and
                        (D) increasing resilience to changing water
                    temperature and precipitation regimes.
        (d) Ground Disturbance.--Consistent with applicable Federal law and
    any applicable forest plan, the Secretary shall--
                (1) establish criteria for ground conditions following a
            forest management activity carried out under a forest plan that
            results in ground disturbances; and
                (2) monitor such ground conditions to determine whether
            desired outcomes or conditions are achieved.
        (e) Availability of Categorical Exclusion for Certain Forest
    Management Activities.--A forest management activity conducted on
    National Forest System land for the purpose of reducing forest fuels is
    categorically excluded from the requirements of the National
    Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) if the forest
    management activity--
                (1) does not exceed 10,000 acres, including not more than
            3,000 acres of mechanical thinning;
                (2) is developed--
                        (A) in coordination with impacted parties,
                    specifically including representatives of local
                    governments, such as county supervisors or county
                    commissioners; and
                        (B) in consultation with other entities, as
                    determined by the Secretary/any other entity determined
                    relevant by the Secretary; and
                (3) is consistent with any applicable forest plan.
        (f) Cooperative Authorities.--The Secretary may enter into
    contracts and cooperative agreements with an impacted party to provide
    for fuel reduction, soil restoration, erosion control, reforestation,
    riparian restoration, revegetation, and similar management activities
    on Federal land and non-Federal land.
        (g) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Forest management activity.--The term ``forest
            management activity'' means a project or activity that is
            carried out by the Secretary on National Forest System land and
            is consistent with any applicable forest plan.
                (2) Forest plan.--The term ``forest plan'' means a land and
            resource management plan under section 6 of the Forest and
            Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C.
            1406).
                (3) Impacted parties.--The term ``impacted parties''
            includes--
                        (A) State, local, and Tribal governments;
                        (B) local fire departments;
                        (C) other relevant volunteer groups.
                (4) National forest system.--The term ``National Forest
            System'' has the meaning given that term in section 11(a) of
            the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of
            1974 (16 U.S.C. 1609(a)).

    SEC. 8408. SUPPRESSION OF WILDFIRES.

        (a) In General.--With respect to National Forest System lands
    described in subsection (b), the Secretary, acting through the Chief of
    the Forest Service--
                (1) shall--
                        (A) use available resources to carry out wildfire
                    suppression with the purpose of containing wildfires
                    detected on such lands not later than 24 hours after
                    such a wildfire is detected; and
                        (B) carry out wildfire suppression under
                    subparagraph (A) in a manner that is consistent with
                    interagency agreements and applicable standards of
                    firefighter safety;
                (2) shall not inhibit the suppression efforts of State or
            local firefighting agencies that are authorized to respond to
            wildfire on such lands;
                (3) may only use fire as a resource management tool if the
            fire is a prescribed fire that complies with applicable law and
            regulations;
                (4) may only initiate a backfire or burnout during a
            wildfire--
                        (A) by order of the responsible incident commander,
                    in consultation with the appropriate Forest Service
                    line officer; or
                        (B) in instances that are necessary to protect the
                    health and safety of firefighting personnel;
                (5) shall use available resources to control any such
            initiated backfire or burnout until contained;
                (6) shall use available resources, including infrared
            technologies, to ensure prescribed fires are contained; and
                (7) shall update the prescribed fire policies of the Forest
            Service to reflect the findings and recommendations included in
            the report entitled ``National Prescribed Fire Program Review''
            published in September 2022 by the Forest Service.
        (b) Limitations on Scope.--For purposes of subsection (a), the
    National Forest System lands described in this subsection are National
    Forest System lands that--
                (1) the National Interagency Fire Center has established as
            a National Wildland Fire Preparedness Level of 5;
                (2) contain areas that the U.S. Drought Monitor has rated
            as having a D2 (severe drought) intensity, D3 (extreme drought)
            intensity, or D4 (exceptional drought) intensity; or
                (3) the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest
            Service, has identified as being located in a fireshed ranked
            in the top 10 percent of wildfire exposure, as determined using
            the most recent published models of fireshed risk exposure
            published by the Forest Service.
        (c) National Forest System Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``National Forest System'' has the meaning given such term in section
    11(a) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of
    1974 (16 U.S.C. 1609(a)).

                     PART II--FOREST MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

    SEC. 8411. NO ADDITIONAL CONSULTATION REQUIRED.

        (a) Forest Service Plans.--Section 6(d)(2) of the Forest and
    Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C.
    1604(d)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(2) No additional consultation required under certain
            circumstances.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
            Secretary shall not be required to reinitiate consultation
            under section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16
            U.S.C. 1536(a)(2)) or section 402.16 of title 50, Code of
            Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation), on a land
            management plan approved, amended, or revised under this
            section when--
                        ``(A) a new species is listed or critical habitat
                    is designated under the Endangered Species Act of 1973
                    (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.); or
                        ``(B) new information reveals effects of the land
                    management plan that may affect a species listed or
                    critical habitat designated under that Act in a manner
                    or to an extent not previously considered.''.
        (b) Bureau of Land Management Plans.--Section 202 of the Federal
    Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1712) is amended by
    adding at the end the following:
        ``(g) No Additional Consultation Required Under Certain
    Circumstances.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
    Secretary shall not be required to reinitiate consultation under
    section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C.
    1536(a)(2)) or section 402.16 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations
    (or a successor regulation), on a land use plan approved, amended, or
    revised under this section when--
                ``(1) a new species is listed or critical habitat is
            designated under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C.
            1531 et seq.); or
                ``(2) new information reveals effects of the land use plan
            that may affect a species listed or critical habitat designated
            under that Act in a manner or to an extent not previously
            considered.''.

    SEC. 8412. GOOD NEIGHBOR AUTHORITY.

        (a) Good Neighbor Authority.--Section 8206 of the Agricultural Act
    of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(6), by striking ``or Indian tribe'';
                (2) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(11) Special district.--The term `special district' means
            a political subdivision of a State that--
                        ``(A) has significant budgetary autonomy or
                    control;
                        ``(B) was created by or pursuant to the laws of the
                    State for the purpose of performing a limited and
                    specific governmental or proprietary function; and
                        ``(C) is distinct from any other local government
                    unit within the State.''.
                (3) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting ``, Indian
                    Tribe, special district,'' after ``Governor'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)(C)--
                                (i) in clause (i)--
                                        (I) by inserting ``special
                                    district,'' after ``Indian Tribe,''
                                    each place it appears;
                                        (II) in subclause (I)--
                                                (aa) by striking ``on'';
                                            and
                                                (bb) by striking ``; and''
                                            and inserting a semicolon;
                                        (III) in subclause (II)(bb), by
                                    striking the period at the end and
                                    inserting a semicolon; and
                                        (IV) by adding at the end the
                                    following:
                                        ``(III) to construct new permanent
                                    roads on Federal lands that are--
                                                ``(aa) necessary to
                                            implement authorized
                                            restoration activities; and
                                                ``(bb) approved by the
                                            Federal agency through
                                            environmental analysis or
                                            categorical exclusion decision;
                                        ``(IV) to complete new permanent
                                    road construction to replace and
                                    decommission an existing permanent road
                                    that is adversely impacting forest,
                                    rangeland, or watershed health; and
                                        ``(V) if there are funds remaining
                                    after carrying out subclauses (I)
                                    through (IV), to carry out authorized
                                    restoration services under other good
                                    neighbor agreements and for the
                                    administration of a good neighbor
                                    authority program by a Governor, Indian
                                    Tribe, special district, or county.'';
                                    and
                                (ii) in clause (ii), by striking ``2028''
                            and inserting ``2030'';
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``, Indian
                    Tribe, special district,'' after ``Governor''; and
                        (D) by striking paragraph (4).
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act
    of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a(a)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by inserting ``, Indian Tribe,
            special district,'' after ``Governor''; and
                (2) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``, Indian Tribe,
            special district,'' after ``Governor''.
        (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section apply to
    any project initiated pursuant to a good neighbor agreement (as defined
    in section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C.
    2113a(a)))--
                (1) before the date of enactment of this Act, if the
            project was initiated after the date of enactment of the
            Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-334; 132
            Stat. 4490); or
                (2) on or after the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 8413. COLLABORATIVE FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION PROGRAM.

        Section 4003 of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (16
    U.S.C. 7303) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``or
                    pathogens'' after ``species'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (G), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in subparagraph (H), by adding ``and'' after
                    the semicolon at the end; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(I) address standardized monitoring questions and
                    indicators;'';
                (2) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (E), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking the
                            period at the end and inserting ``;''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) proposals that seek to use innovative
                    implementation mechanisms, including good neighbor
                    agreements entered into under section 8206 of the
                    Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a), and similar
                    implementation mechanisms;
                        ``(H) proposals that seek to reduce the risk of
                    uncharacteristic wildfire or increase ecological
                    restoration activities--
                                ``(i) within areas across land ownerships,
                            including State, Tribal, and private land; and
                                ``(ii) within the wildland-urban interface;
                            and
                        ``(I) proposals that seek to enhance watershed
                    health and drinking water sources.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                            follows:
                        ``(A) 4 proposals in any 1 region of the National
                    Forest System to be funded during any fiscal year;
                    and'';
                                (ii) by striking subparagraph (B); and
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as
                            subparagraph (B); and
                (3) in subsection (f)(6), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 8414. PUBLIC-PRIVATE WILDFIRE TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT AND TESTBED
                  PARTNERSHIP.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Appropriate committees.--The term ``appropriate
            committees'' means--
                        (A) the Committees on Agriculture, Natural
                    Resources, and Science, Space, and Technology of the
                    House of Representatives; and
                        (B) the Committees on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
                    Forestry, Energy and Natural Resources, and Commerce,
                    Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
                (2) Covered agency.--The term ``covered agency'' means--
                        (A) the National Park Service;
                        (B) the United States Fish and Wildlife Service;
                        (C) the Bureau of Land Management;
                        (D) the Bureau of Reclamation;
                        (E) the Forest Service;
                        (F) the Department of Defense;
                        (G) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
                    Administration;
                        (H) the United States Fire Administration;
                        (I) the Federal Emergency Management Agency;
                        (J) the National Aeronautics and Space
                    Administration;
                        (K) the Bureau of Indian Affairs; and
                        (L) any other Federal agency involved in wildfire
                    response.
                (3) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
                        (A) a private entity;
                        (B) a nonprofit organization; or
                        (C) an institution of higher education (as defined
                    in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
                    U.S.C. 1001)).
                (4) Pilot program.--The term ``Pilot Program'' means the
            deployment and testbed pilot program developed under subsection
            (b).
                (5) Secretaries.--The term ``Secretaries'' means the
            Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior,
            acting jointly.
        (b) Deployment and Testbed Pilot Program Established.--Not later
    than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the
    Secretaries, in coordination with the heads of the covered agencies,
    shall establish a deployment and testbed pilot program for new and
    innovative wildfire prevention, detection, communication, and
    mitigation technologies.
        (c) Functions.--In carrying out the Pilot Program, the Secretaries
    shall--
                (1) incorporate the Pilot Program into an existing
            interagency coordinating group on wildfires;
                (2) in consultation with the heads of covered agencies,
            identify key technology priority areas with respect to the
            deployment of wildfire prevention, detection, communication,
            and mitigation technologies, including--
                        (A) hazardous fuels reduction treatments or
                    activities;
                        (B) dispatch communications;
                        (C) remote sensing and tracking;
                        (D) safety equipment; and
                        (E) common operating pictures or operational
                    dashboards; and
                (3) partner with each covered entity selected to
            participate in the Pilot Program with the appropriate covered
            agency to coordinate real-time and on-the-ground testing of
            technology during wildland fire mitigation activities and
            training.
        (d) Applications.--To participate in the Pilot Program, a covered
    entity shall submit to the Secretaries an application at such time, in
    such manner, and containing such information as the Secretaries may
    require, which shall include a proposal to test technologies specific
    to key technology priority areas identified under subsection (c)(2).
        (e) Prioritization of Emerging Technologies.--In selecting covered
    entities to participate in the Pilot Program, the Secretaries shall
    give priority to covered entities developing and applying emerging
    technologies that address issues identified by the Secretaries,
    including artificial intelligence, quantum sensing, computing and
    quantum-hybrid applications, augmented reality, and 5G private networks
    and device-to-device communications supporting nomadic mesh networks,
    for wildfire mitigation.
        (f) Outreach.--The Secretaries, in coordination with the heads of
    the covered agencies, shall make publicly available the key technology
    priority areas identified under subsection (c)(2) and invite covered
    entities to apply to test and demonstrate their technologies to address
    those priority areas.
        (g) Reports and Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after the
    date of the enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter for the
    duration of the Pilot Program, the Secretaries shall submit to the
    appropriate committees a report that includes the following with
    respect to the Pilot Program:
                (1) A list of participating covered entities.
                (2) A brief description of the technologies tested by such
            covered entities.
                (3) An estimate of the cost of acquiring the technology
            tested in the program and applying it at scale.
                (4) Outreach efforts by Federal agencies to covered
            entities developing wildfire technologies.
                (5) Assessments of, and recommendations relating to, new
            technologies with potential adoption and application at-scale
            in Federal land management agencies' wildfire prevention,
            detection, communication, and mitigation efforts.
        (h) Termination.--The Pilot Program shall expire on September 30,
    2031.

    SEC. 8415. FOREST SERVICE PARTICIPATION IN EXPERIENCED SERVICES
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 8302 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 3851a) is
    amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by striking ``aces'' and
            inserting ``experienced services'' (and by conforming the item
            relating to such section in the table of sections accordingly);
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``(a) In General.--'';
                        (B) by striking ``Agriculture Conservation''; and
                        (C) by inserting ``, professional, or
                    administrative'' after ``technical''; and
                (3) by striking subsection (b).

    SEC. 8416. TIMBER SALES ON NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM LAND.

        Section 14 of the National Forest Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C.
    472a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d), by striking ``$10,000'' and
            inserting ``$55,000''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(j) In the event of extreme risks to a unit of National Forest
    System land, including catastrophic wildfire, insect and disease
    outbreak, wind, hurricane, flood, drought, or to avoid impacts from
    such extreme events, the Secretary may, without an appraisal and under
    such rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary, dispose of by
    sale or otherwise, portions of trees or forest products located on such
    unit of National Forest System land.''.

    SEC. 8417. PERMITS AND AGREEMENTS WITH ELECTRICAL UTILITIES.

        (a) In General.--In any special use permit or easement on National
    Forest System lands provided to an electric utility company (as defined
    in section 1262 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16451)),
    the Secretary may provide permission to cut and remove trees or other
    vegetation from within the vicinity of distribution lines or
    transmission lines, including hazardous vegetation that increases fire
    risk, without requiring a separate timber sale if that cutting and
    removal is consistent with the applicable land management plan.
        (b) Use of Proceeds.--A special use permit or easement that
    includes permission for the cutting and removal of trees or other
    vegetation described in subsection (a) shall include a requirement
    that, if the applicable electrical utility sells any portion of the
    material removed under the permit or easement, the electrical utility
    shall provide to the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest
    Service, any proceeds received from the sale, less any transportation
    costs incurred in the sale.
        (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to require the sale of any material removed under a special
    use permit or easement that includes permission for the cutting and
    removal of trees or other vegetation described in subsection (a).

    SEC. 8418. UTILIZING GRAZING FOR WILDFIRE RISK REDUCTION.

        (a) Strategy.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary concerned shall develop
            and implement a strategy to utilize livestock grazing as a
            wildfire risk reduction tool on Federal land under the
            jurisdiction of the Secretary concerned.
                (2) Inclusions.--The strategy under paragraph (1) shall
            include--
                        (A) the completion of any reviews required under
                    the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
                    U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) to allow a permittee with a
                    grazing permit in effect to graze on vacant grazing
                    allotments during instances of drought, wildfire, or
                    other natural disaster that disrupt grazing on the
                    allotments covered by such grazing permit;
                        (B) the use of targeted grazing to reduce hazardous
                    fuels;
                        (C) an increase in the use of temporary grazing
                    permits to promote targeted fuels reduction and
                    reduction of invasive annual grasses;
                        (D) an increase in the use of livestock grazing--
                                (i) to eradicate invasive annual grasses;
                            and
                                (ii) as a restoration strategy and for
                            post-fire recovery, as appropriate;
                        (E) the integrated use of advanced technologies to
                    dynamically adjust livestock placement on Federal land
                    under the jurisdiction of the Secretary concerned;
                        (F) an increase in the use of any authorities
                    applicable to livestock grazing, including
                    modifications to grazing permits or leases to allow
                    variances; and
                        (G) the use of grazing on Federal land under the
                    jurisdiction of the Secretary concerned in a manner
                    that--
                                (i) avoids conflicts with other uses of
                            such land; and
                                (ii) is consistent with any applicable land
                            management plan.
        (b) Effect on Existing Grazing Programs.--Nothing in this section
    affects--
                (1) any livestock grazing program carried out by the
            Secretary concerned as of the date of enactment of this Act; or
                (2) any statutory authority for any program described in
            paragraph (1).
        (c) Secretary Concerned Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``Secretary concerned'' means--
                (1) the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to National
            Forest System lands; and
                (2) the Secretary of the Interior, with respect to public
            lands.

    SEC. 8419. JOINT CHIEFS LANDSCAPE RESTORATION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.

        Section 40808 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act is
    amended--
                (1) in subsection (g)(2), by inserting ``and at least once
            every 2 fiscal years thereafter'' after ``and 2023''; and
                (2) in subsection (h)(1), by striking ``and 2023'' and
            inserting ``through 2031''.

    SEC. 8420. TRIBAL FOREST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM TECHNICAL CORRECTION.

        Section 8703 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 is
    amended--
                (1) in the heading, by striking ``demonstration project''
            and inserting ``program'' (and by conforming the item relating
            to such section in the table of contents accordingly); and
                (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``demonstration projects
            by'' and inserting ``a program under''.

                          PART III--TIMBER INNOVATION

    SEC. 8431. COMMUNITY WOOD FACILITIES PROGRAM.

        Section 9013 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8113) is amended--
                (1) in the heading, by striking ``community wood energy and
            wood innovation program'' and inserting ``community wood
            facilities program'';
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A)(iii), in the matter
                    preceding subclause (I), by striking ``woody biomass,
                    including residuals'' and inserting ``primarily forest
                    biomass, including processing or manufacturing
                    residuals''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Community Wood
                    Energy and Wood Innovation Program'' and inserting
                    ``Community Wood Facilities Program'';
                (3) in subsection (b), by striking ``to be known as'' and
            all that follows through the period at the end and inserting
            ``to be known as the `Community Wood Facilities Program'.'';
                (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``exceed--'' in the
            matter preceding paragraph (1) and all that follows through the
            period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting ``exceed
            $5,000,000.'';
                (5) in subsection (e)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (1);
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8) as
                    (1) through (7), respectively; and
                        (C) in paragraph (1), as so redesignated, by
                    inserting ``or market competitiveness'' after ``cost
                    effectiveness'';
                (6) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) by striking paragraph (2);
                        (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as
                    paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and
                        (C) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated, by
                    striking ``use or retrofitting (or both) of existing
                    sawmill'' and inserting ``construction, use or
                    retrofitting of forest products manufacturing'';
                (7) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``5 megawatts of
                    thermal energy or combined thermal and electric
                    energy'' and inserting ``15 megawatts of thermal energy
                    or combined thermal and electric energy''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``25 percent''
                    and inserting ``50 percent''; and
                (8) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 8432. WOOD INNOVATION GRANT PROGRAM.

        (a) Application to Transportation Costs.--Section 8643(b)(1) of the
    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d(b)(1)) is amended
    by inserting ``, including the construction of new facilities that
    advance the purposes of the program and for the hauling of material
    removed to reduce hazardous fuels to locations where that material can
    be utilized'' before the period at the end.
        (b) Targeting To Support Economic Development, Enhanced Building
    Design, and Impact Assessment.--Section 8643(c) of the Agriculture
    Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d(c)) is amended to read as
    follows:
        ``(c) Targeting To Support Economic Development, Enhanced Building
    Design, and Impact Assessment.--In selecting among proposals of
    eligible entities under subsection (b)(2), the Secretary may give
    priority to proposals for projects that--
                ``(1) include the use or retrofitting (or both) of existing
            sawmill facilities located in counties in which the average
            annual unemployment rate exceeded the national average
            unemployment rate by more than 1 percent in the previous
            calendar year;
                ``(2) recognize or enhance carbon reduction strategies in
            building design and interior wood products, including forest
            impacts, which can be improved by North American manufacturing;
            or
                ``(3) include in the proposal of the entity an analysis of
            the benefits that forest management under the proposal will
            have on the resilience and economy of the community, including
            benefits associated with--
                        ``(A) wood products from anticipated wood supply
                    areas;
                        ``(B) wildfire risk reduction;
                        ``(C) increased fiber flow;
                        ``(D) the increase of forest or mill jobs; and
                        ``(E) support for forested communities.''.
        (c) Matching Requirement.--Section 8643(d) of the Agriculture
    Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d(d)) is amended by inserting
    ``50 percent of'' before ``the amount''.

    SEC. 8433. FOREST AND WOOD PRODUCTS DATA TRACKER.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the
    Forest Service, in collaboration with the Chief of the Natural
    Resources Conservation Service and in consultation with federally
    recognized Indian Tribes, State foresters, and private sector partners,
    shall establish a publicly available platform to provide measurement,
    monitoring, verification, and reporting data regarding the carbon
    emissions, sequestration, storage, and related atmospheric impacts of
    forest management and wood products.
        (b) Activities.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary
    shall source data, information, and data analysis from Department
    programs and interagency programs, including--
                (1) the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, including
            the Timber Products Output survey;
                (2) Forest Service and Natural Resources Conservation
            Service soil carbon estimations;
                (3) the Forest Products Laboratory;
                (4) the Federal Life Cycle Assessment Commons;
                (5) Department entity-level guidelines; and
                (6) other relevant programmatic data and information
            sources, as published and made available.
        (c) Priorities.--The platform established by subsection (a) shall
    provide tools that calculate--
                (1) the above- and below-ground forest carbon stocks and
            stock changes associated with species composition, forest
            management regime, and landowner types (including small area
            estimations for regional and localized geographies across the
            United States) made available through Forest Inventory and
            Analysis updates and annual reports;
                (2) the embodied carbon involved in the manufacture of
            products, using data from published environmental product
            declarations and life cycle assessments, updated as new and
            more refined data becomes available;
                (3) the long-term stored carbon in manufactured timber
            products; and
                (4) the carbon displacement of wood products, compared to
            other materials, using substitution factors.
        (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed
    to provide authority with respect to the generation, consumption, or
    trading of carbon or environmental credits from National Forest System
    lands in any voluntary or compliance environmental markets.

    SEC. 8434. BIOCHAR APPLICATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Biochar.--The term ``biochar'' means carbonized biomass
            produced by converting feedstock through reductive thermal
            processing for nonfuel uses.
                (2) Covered secretaries.--The term ``covered Secretaries''
            means--
                        (A) the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the
                    Forest Service;
                        (B) the Secretary of the Interior, acting through
                    the Director of the Bureau of Land Management; and
                        (C) the Secretary of Energy, acting through the
                    Director of the Office of Science.
                (3) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                        (A) a private, nonprivate, or cooperative entity or
                    organization;
                        (B) a State, local, special district, or Tribal
                    government;
                        (C) an eligible institution;
                        (D) a National Laboratory (as such term is defined
                    in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42
                    U.S.C. 15801)); or
                        (E) a partnership or consortium of two or more
                    entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (D).
                (4) Eligible institution.--The term ``eligible
            institution'' means land-grant colleges and universities,
            including institutions eligible for funding under--
                        (A) the Act of July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. 503, chapter
                    130; 7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.);
                        (B) the Act of August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. 417,
                    chapter 841; 7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.), including Tuskegee
                    University;
                        (C) Public Law 87-788 (commonly known as the
                    ``McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962''); or
                        (D) the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act
                    of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103-382).
                (5) Feedstock.--The term ``feedstock'' means excess biomass
            in the form of plant matter or materials that serves as the raw
            material for the production of biochar.
        (b) Demonstration Projects.--
                (1) Establishment.--
                        (A) In general.--Subject to the availability of
                    appropriations made in advance for such purpose, not
                    later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of
                    this Act, the covered Secretaries shall establish a
                    program to enter into partnerships with eligible
                    entities to carry out demonstration projects to support
                    the development and commercialization of biochar in
                    accordance with this subsection.
                        (B) Location of demonstration projects.--In
                    carrying out the program established under subparagraph
                    (A), the covered Secretaries shall, to the maximum
                    extent practicable, enter into partnerships with
                    eligible entities such that not fewer than one
                    demonstration project is carried out in each region of
                    the Forest Service and each region of the Bureau of
                    Land Management.
                (2) Proposals.--To be eligible to enter into a partnership
            to carry out a biochar demonstration project under paragraph
            (1)(A), an eligible entity shall submit to the covered
            Secretaries a proposal at such time, in such manner, and
            containing such information as the covered Secretaries may
            require.
                (3) Use of funds.--In carrying out the program established
            under paragraph (1)(A), the covered Secretaries may enter into
            partnerships and provide funding to such partnerships to carry
            out demonstration projects to--
                        (A) acquire and test various feedstocks and their
                    efficacy;
                        (B) develop and optimize commercially and
                    technologically viable biochar production units,
                    including mobile and permanent units;
                        (C) demonstrate--
                                (i) the production of biochar from forest
                            residue; and
                                (ii) the use of biochar to restore forest
                            health and resiliency;
                        (D) build, expand, or establish biochar facilities;
                        (E) conduct research on new and innovative uses of
                    biochar;
                        (F) demonstrate cost-effective market opportunities
                    for biochar and biochar-based products;
                        (G) carry out any other activities the covered
                    Secretaries determine appropriate; or
                        (H) do any combination of the activities specified
                    in subparagraphs (A) through (F).
                (4) Priority.--In selecting proposals under paragraph (2),
            the covered Secretaries shall give priority to entering into
            partnerships with eligible entities that submit proposals to
            carry out biochar demonstration projects that--
                        (A) have the most potential to create new jobs and
                    contribute to local economies, particularly in rural
                    areas;
                        (B) have the most potential to demonstrate--
                                (i) new and innovative uses of biochar;
                                (ii) market viability for cost-effective
                            biochar-based products;
                                (iii) the restorative benefits of biochar
                            with respect to forest health and resiliency,
                            including forest soils and watersheds; or
                                (iv) any combination of the purposes
                            specified in clauses (i) through (iii);
                        (C) are located in areas that have a high need for
                    biochar production, as determined by the covered
                    Secretaries, due to--
                                (i) nearby lands identified as having high
                            or very high or extreme risk of wildfire;
                                (ii) availability of sufficient quantities
                            of feedstocks; or
                                (iii) a high level of demand for biochar or
                            other commercial byproducts of biochar; or
                        (D) satisfy any combination of the purposes
                    specified in subparagraphs (A) through (C).
                (5) Feedstock requirements.--To the maximum extent
            practicable, an eligible entity that carries out a biochar
            demonstration project under this subsection shall, with respect
            to the feedstock used under such project, derive at least 50
            percent of such feedstock from forest thinning and management
            activities, including mill residues, conducted on National
            Forest System lands or public lands.
                (6) Review of biochar demonstration.--
                        (A) In general.--The covered Secretaries shall
                    conduct regionally specific research, including
                    economic analyses and life-cycle assessments, on any
                    biochar produced from a demonstration project carried
                    out under the program established in paragraph (1)(A),
                    including--
                                (i) the effects of such biochar on--
                                        (I) forest health and resiliency;
                                        (II) carbon capture and
                                    sequestration, including increasing
                                    soil carbon in the short term and long
                                    term;
                                        (III) productivity, reduced input
                                    costs, and water retention in
                                    agricultural practices;
                                        (IV) the health of soil and
                                    grasslands used for grazing activities,
                                    including grazing activities on
                                    National Forest System land and public
                                    land; and
                                        (V) environmental remediation
                                    activities, including abandoned mine
                                    land remediation;
                                (ii) the effectiveness of biochar as a
                            coproduct of biofuels or in biochemicals; and
                                (iii) the effectiveness of other potential
                            uses of biochar to determine if any such use is
                            technologically and commercially viable.
                        (B) Coordination.--The covered Secretaries shall,
                    to the maximum extent practicable, provide data,
                    analyses, and other relevant information collected
                    under subparagraph (A) with recipients of a grant under
                    subsection (c).
                (7) Limitation on funding for establishing biochar
            facilities.--If the covered Secretaries provide to an eligible
            entity that enters into a partnership with the covered
            Secretaries under paragraph (1)(A) funding for establishing a
            biochar facility, such funding may not exceed 35 percent of the
            capital cost of establishing such biochar facility.
        (c) Biochar Research and Development Grant Program.--
                (1) Establishment.--The Secretary of the Interior, in
            consultation with the Secretary of Energy, shall establish or
            expand an existing applied biochar research and development
            grant program to make competitive grants to eligible
            institutions to carry out the activities described in paragraph
            (3).
                (2) Applications.--To be eligible to receive a grant under
            this subsection, an eligible institution shall submit to the
            Secretary a proposal at such time, in such manner, and
            containing such information as the Secretary may require.
                (3) Use of funds.--An eligible institution that receives a
            grant under this subsection shall use the grant funds to
            conduct applied research on--
                        (A) the effect of biochar on forest health and
                    resiliency, accounting for variations in biochar, soil,
                    climate, and other factors;
                        (B) the effect of biochar on soil health and water
                    retention, accounting for variations in biochar, soil,
                    climate, and other factors;
                        (C) the long-term carbon sequestration potential of
                    biochar;
                        (D) the best management practices with respect to
                    biochar and biochar-based product that maximize--
                                (i) carbon sequestration benefits; and
                                (ii) the commercial viability and
                            application of such products in forestry,
                            agriculture, environmental remediation, water
                            quality improvement, and any other similar
                            uses, as determined by the Secretary;
                        (E) the regional uses of biochar to increase
                    productivity and profitability, including--
                                (i) uses in agriculture and environmental
                            remediation; and
                                (ii) use as a coproduct in fuel production;
                        (F) new and innovative uses for biochar byproducts;
                    and
                        (G) opportunities to expand markets for biochar and
                    create related jobs, particularly in rural areas.
        (d) Reports.--
                (1) Report to congress.--Not later than 2 years after the
            date of enactment of this Act, the covered Secretaries shall
            submit to Congress a report that--
                        (A) includes policy and program recommendations to
                    improve the widespread use of biochar;
                        (B) identifies any area of research needed to
                    advance biochar commercialization; and
                        (C) identifies barriers to further biochar
                    commercialization, including permitting and siting
                    considerations.
                (2) Materials submitted in support of the president's
            budget.--Beginning with the second fiscal year that begins
            after the date of enactment of this Act and annually thereafter
            until the date described in subsection (e), the covered
            Secretaries shall include in the materials submitted to
            Congress in support of the President's budget pursuant to
            section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, a report
            describing, for the fiscal year covered by the report, the
            status of each demonstration project carried out under
            subsection (b) and each research and development grant carried
            out under subsection (c).
        (e) Sunset.--The authority to carry out this section shall
    terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of enactment of
    this Act.

                           Subtitle E--Other Matters

    SEC. 8501. RURAL REVITALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES.

        Section 2371(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
    Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6601(d)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023''
    and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 8502. RESOURCE ADVISORY COMMITTEES.

        Section 205 of the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-
    Determination Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 7125) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Appointments by applicable regional foresters.--In
            making appointments under this subsection, the Secretary
            concerned may act through the applicable regional forester so
            long as before the applicable regional forester makes an
            appointment, the applicable regional forester conducts the
            review and analysis that would otherwise be conducted for an
            appointment to a resource advisory committee, including any
            review and analysis with respect to civil rights, budgetary
            requirements, vetting, and reporting, as the Secretary
            concerned determines appropriate.'';
                (2) in subsection (d)(6), by striking ``October 1, 2026''
            and inserting ``October 1, 2031''; and
                (3) by striking subsection (g).

    SEC. 8503. ACCURATE HAZARDOUS FUELS REDUCTION REPORTS.

        (a) Materials Submitted in Support of President's Budget.--
                (1) In general.--Beginning with the first fiscal year that
            begins after the date of the enactment of this Act, and
            annually thereafter, the Secretary concerned shall include in
            the materials submitted to Congress in support of the
            President's budget pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United
            States Code, a report describing the number of acres of Federal
            land on which the Secretary concerned carried out hazardous
            fuels reduction activities during the preceding fiscal year, as
            determined using--
                        (A) the methodology of the Secretary concerned in
                    effect on the day before the date of enactment of this
                    Act; and
                        (B) the methodology described in paragraph (2).
                (2) Requirements.--For purposes of a report required under
            paragraph (1), the Secretary concerned shall--
                        (A) in determining the number of acres of Federal
                    land on which the Secretary concerned carried out
                    hazardous fuels reduction activities during the period
                    covered by the report--
                                (i) record acres of Federal land on which
                            hazardous fuels reduction activities were
                            completed during that period; and
                                (ii) record each acre described in clause
                            (i) once in the report, regardless of whether
                            multiple hazardous fuels reduction activities
                            were carried out on that acre during the
                            applicable period; and
                        (B) with respect to the acres of Federal land
                    recorded in the report, include information relating
                    to--
                                (i) which acres are located in the
                            wildland-urban interface;
                                (ii) the level of hazard potential of the
                            acres on the first and last day of the period
                            covered by the report;
                                (iii) the types of hazardous fuels
                            reduction activities completed with respect to
                            the acres, including a description of whether
                            those hazardous fuels reduction activities were
                            conducted--
                                        (I) in a wildfire managed for
                                    resource benefits; or
                                        (II) through a planned hazardous
                                    fuels reduction project;
                                (iv) the cost per acre of the hazardous
                            fuels reduction activities carried out during
                            the period covered by the report;
                                (v) the region or System unit in which the
                            acres are located; and
                                (vi) the effectiveness of the hazardous
                            fuels reduction activities with respect to
                            reducing the risk of wildfire.
                (3) Transparency.--The Secretary concerned shall make each
            report submitted under paragraph (1) publicly available on the
            website of the Department of Agriculture or the Department of
            the Interior, as applicable.
        (b) Accurate Data Collection.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary concerned shall implement
            standardized procedures for tracking data related to hazardous
            fuels reduction activities carried out by the Secretary
            concerned.
                (2) Elements.--The standardized procedures required under
            paragraph (1) shall include--
                        (A) regular, standardized data reviews of the
                    accuracy and timely input of data used to track
                    hazardous fuels reduction activities;
                        (B) verification methods that validate whether
                    those data accurately correlate to the hazardous fuels
                    reduction activities carried out by the Secretary
                    concerned;
                        (C) an analysis of the short- and long-term
                    effectiveness of the hazardous fuels reduction
                    activities on reducing the risk of wildfire; and
                        (D) for hazardous fuels reduction activities that
                    occur partially within the wildland-urban interface,
                    methods to distinguish which acres are located within
                    the wildland-urban interface and which acres are
                    located outside the wildland-urban interface.
                (3) Report.--Not later than 45 days after implementing the
            standardized procedures required under paragraph (1), the
            Secretary concerned shall submit to Congress a report that
            describes--
                        (A) the standardized procedures; and
                        (B) any programmatic or policy recommendations to
                    Congress to address limitations in tracking data
                    relating to hazardous fuels reduction activities under
                    this subsection.
        (c) GAO Study.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
                (1) conduct a study regarding the implementation of this
            section, including any limitations with respect to--
                        (A) reporting hazardous fuels reduction activities
                    under subsection (a); or
                        (B) tracking data relating to hazardous fuels
                    reduction activities under subsection (b); and
                (2) submit to Congress a report that describes the results
            of the study under paragraph (1).
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Federal land.--The term ``Federal land'' means any land
            under the jurisdiction of--
                        (A) the Secretary; or
                        (B) the Secretary of the Interior.
                (2) Hazardous fuels reduction activity.--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``hazardous fuels
                    reduction activity'' means any vegetation management
                    activity to reduce the risk of wildfire, including
                    mechanical treatments, grazing, and prescribed burning.
                        (B) Exclusion.--The term ``hazardous fuels
                    reduction activity'' does not include the awarding of a
                    contract to conduct an activity described in
                    subparagraph (A).
                (3) Secretary concerned.--The term ``Secretary concerned''
            means--
                        (A) the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to
                    National Forest System lands; and
                        (B) the Secretary of the Interior, with respect to
                    public lands.
        (e) No Additional Funds Authorized.--
                (1) In general.--No additional funds are authorized to
            carry out this section.
                (2) Subject to appropriations.--The activities authorized
            by this section are subject to the availability of
            appropriations made in advance for those purposes.

    SEC. 8504. SPECIAL USE AUTHORIZATION RENTAL FEE WAIVER.

        All or part of the programmatic administrative fee, and any fees
    related to the special use authorization, as appropriate, may be waived
    by the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, when
    equitable and in the public interest as determined by the Chief of the
    Forest Service, for the use and occupancy of National Forest System
    land in the following circumstances:
                (1) The holder of the special use authorization is a State
            or local government or any agency or instrumentality thereof,
            excluding municipal utilities and cooperatives whose principal
            source of revenue is customer charges.
                (2) The holder is--
                        (A) an organization described in section 501(c)(3)
                    of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and is exempt from
                    taxation under section 501(a) of such Code;
                        (B) not controlled or owned by a profit-making
                    corporation or business enterprise; and
                        (C) is engaged in a public or semipublic activity
                    to further public health, safety, or welfare.
                (3) The holder is an amateur station, amateur operator, or
            provides amateur radio services, as those terms are defined in
            section 97.3 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations (or
            successor regulations).
                (4) Other circumstances the Secretary, acting through the
            Chief of the Forest Service, determines appropriate.

    SEC. 8505. CHARGES AND FEES FOR HARVEST OF FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS.

        (a) Recovery of Fair Market Value for Products.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of
            the Forest Service, shall establish and carry out a program to
            charge and collect fees under subsection (b) for forest
            botanical products harvested on National Forest System lands.
                (2) Appraisal methods; bidding procedures.--The Secretary,
            acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall establish
            a fee system based on fair market value for forest botanical
            products harvested on National Forest System lands.
        (b) Fees.--
                (1) Imposition and collection.--The Secretary shall charge
            and collect fees from persons who harvest forest botanical
            products on National Forest System lands.
                (2) Amount of fee.--The fees collected under paragraph (1)
            shall be based on the fair market value of the harvested forest
            botanical products and the costs incurred by the Secretary
            associated with granting, modifying, or monitoring the
            authorization for harvest of the forest botanical products,
            including the costs of any environmental or other analysis.
                (3) Security.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of
            the Forest Service, may require a person assessed a fee under
            this subsection to provide security to ensure that the
            Secretary receives the fees imposed under this subsection from
            the person.
        (c) Sustainable Harvest Levels for Forest Botanical Products.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of
            the Forest Service, shall--
                        (A) conduct appropriate analyses to determine
                    whether and how the harvest of forest botanical
                    products on National Forest System lands can be
                    conducted on a sustainable basis; and
                        (B) establish procedures and timeframes to monitor
                    and revise the harvest levels established for forest
                    botanical products.
                (2) Prohibition on harvest in excess of sustainable
            levels.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest
            Service, may not permit under the program under this section
            the harvest of forest botanical products on National Forest
            System lands at levels in excess of sustainable harvest levels,
            as defined under section 4 of the Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield
            Act of 1960 (16 U.S.C. 531).
        (d) Waiver Authority.--
                (1) Personal use.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief
            of the Forest Service, shall establish a personal use harvest
            level for each forest botanical product, and the harvest of a
            forest botanical product below that level by a person for
            personal use shall not be subject to charges and fees under
            subsections (a) and (b).
                (2) Other exceptions.--The Secretary, acting through the
            Chief of the Forest Service, may also waive the application of
            subsection (a) or (b) pursuant to such regulations as the
            Secretary may prescribe.
        (e) Deposit and Use of Funds.--
                (1) Deposit.--Funds collected under the program in
            accordance with subsections (a) and (b) shall be deposited into
            a special account in the United States Treasury.
                (2) Funds available.--Funds deposited into the special
            account in accordance with paragraph (1) shall remain available
            until expended without further appropriation.
                (3) Authorized uses.--The funds made available under
            paragraph (2) shall be expended at units of the National Forest
            System in proportion to the charges and fees collected at that
            unit under the program under this section to pay for--
                        (A) the costs of conducting inventories of forest
                    botanical products, determining sustainable levels of
                    harvest, monitoring and assessing the impacts of
                    harvest levels and methods, and for restoration
                    activities, including any necessary revegetation; and
                        (B) the costs described in subsection (b)(2).
                (4) Treatment of fees.--Funds collected under the program
            in accordance with subsections (a) and (b) shall not be taken
            into account for the purposes of the following laws:
                        (A) The sixth paragraph under the heading ``forest
                    service'' in the Act of May 23, 1908 (16 U.S.C. 500),
                    and section 13 of the Act of March 1, 1911 (commonly
                    known as the Weeks Act; 16 U.S.C. 500).
                        (B) The fourteenth paragraph under the heading
                    ``forest service'' in the Act of March 4, 1913 (16
                    U.S.C. 501).
                        (C) Section 33 of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant
                    Act (7 U.S.C. 1012).
                        (D) The Act of August 28, 1937 (43 U.S.C. 2601 et
                    seq.) and the Act of May 24, 1939 (43 U.S.C. 2621 et
                    seq.).
                        (E) Section 6 of the Act of June 14, 1926 (commonly
                    known as the Recreation and Public Purposes Act; 43
                    U.S.C. 869-4).
                        (F) Chapter 69 of title 31, United States Code.
                        (G) Section 401 of the Act of June 15, 1935 (16
                    U.S.C. 715s).
                        (H) Section 100904 of title 54, United States Code.
                        (I) Any other provision of law relating to revenue
                    allocation.
        (f) Reporting Requirements.--As soon as practicable after the end
    of each fiscal year in which the Secretary collects charges and fees
    under the program in accordance with subsections (a) and (b) or expends
    funds from the special account under subsection (e), the Secretary,
    acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall submit to the
    Congress a report summarizing the activities of the Secretary under the
    program under this section, including the funds collected under the
    program in accordance with subsections (a) and (b), the expenses
    incurred to carry out the program under this section, and the
    expenditures made from the special account during that fiscal year.
        (g) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:
                (1) Forest botanical product.--The term ``forest botanical
            product''--
                        (A) means any naturally occurring mushroom, fungus,
                    flower, seed, root, bark, leaf, berry, bough,
                    bryophyte, bulb, burl, cone, epiphyte, fern, forb,
                    grass, moss, nut, pine straw, sedge, shrub, transplant,
                    tree sap, or other vegetation (or portion thereof) that
                    grows on National Forest System lands; and
                        (B) does not include trees, or portions of trees,
                    except as provided in regulations issued under section
                    339 of the Department of the Interior and Related
                    Agencies Appropriations Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 528
                    note) by the Secretary before the date of enactment of
                    this Act.
                (2) National forest system.--The term ``National Forest
            System'' has the meaning given that term in section 11(a) of
            the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of
            1974 (16 U.S.C. 1609(a)).

    SEC. 8506. FOREST SERVICE LEGACY ROAD AND TRAIL REMEDIATION PROGRAM
                  TRANSPARENCY.

        Section 8 of Public Law 88-657 (16 U.S.C. 538a) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (c)(2)--
                        (A) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the
                    following:
                        ``(B) solicit and consider public input regionally
                    in selecting projects for funding under the Program
                    by--
                                ``(i) publishing annually, for each region,
                            a list of projects considered for funding under
                            the Program;
                                ``(ii) accepting public comment on the
                            projects described in clause (i); and
                                ``(iii) considering public comments in
                            selecting projects for funding under the
                            Program;''; and
                        (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by
                            inserting ``annually, for each region,'' before
                            ``publish''; and
                                (ii) by striking clause (ii) and inserting
                            the following:
                                ``(ii) a list that includes a description
                            of--
                                        ``(I) each project considered for
                                    funding under the Program;
                                        ``(II) public comments received on
                                    each project described in subclause
                                    (I);
                                        ``(III) the ranking within the
                                    applicable region of each project
                                    described in subclause (I); and
                                        ``(IV) the proposed outcome of each
                                    project funded under the Program for
                                    the applicable fiscal year.''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Definition of Region.--In this section, the term `region'
    means one of the 9 regions of the Forest Service.''.

    SEC. 8507. DIRECT HIRE AUTHORITY.

        For fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary
    may appoint, without regard to the provisions of subchapter I of
    chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, other than sections 3303 and
    3328 of that title, a Job Corps graduate (as defined in section 142(5)
    of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3192(5))) to
    a position in the competitive service in the Forest Service for which
    the graduate meets the qualification standards.

    SEC. 8508. IMPROVING THE EMERGENCY FOREST RESTORATION PROGRAM.

        Section 407 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2206)
    is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
        ``(e) Advance Payments.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall give an owner of
            nonindustrial private forest land the option of receiving,
            before the owner carries out emergency measures under this
            section, not more than 75 percent of the cost of the emergency
            measures, as determined by the Secretary based on the fair
            market value of the cost of the emergency measures using the
            estimated cost of the applicable practice published in the
            Field Office Technical Guide of each State by the Natural
            Resources Conservation Service.
                ``(2) Return of funds.--If the funds provided under
            paragraph (1) are not expended by the end of the 180-day period
            beginning on the date on which the owner of nonindustrial
            private forest land receives those funds, the funds shall be
            returned to the Secretary within a reasonable timeframe, as
            determined by the Secretary.''.

    SEC. 8509. EXEMPTION FOR PREVIOUSLY ANALYZED AREAS OF NATIONAL FOREST
                  SYSTEM LANDS.

        (a) In General.--The requirements under the National Environmental
    Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) or division A of subtitle
    54, United States Code, shall not apply to an application for a
    communications use authorization on National Forest System lands,
    including National Forest System lands on which authorized utilities,
    communications facilities, powerline facilities, or roads have been
    installed, if--
                (1) the communications equipment is located in or on
            existing infrastructure; or
                (2) the communications facility is located on previously
            analyzed areas of National Forest System lands.
        (b) No Additional Consultation Required Under Certain
    Circumstances.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
    Secretary shall not be required to reinitiate consultation of the
    requirements under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
    U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) or division A of subtitle 54, United States Code,
    for an application for a communications use authorization on previously
    analyzed areas of National Forest System lands if new information
    concerning a previously analyzed area of National Forest System lands
    becomes available.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Communications facility; communications use
            authorization.--The terms ``communications facility'' and
            ``communications use authorization'' have the meanings given
            the terms, respectively, in section 8705 of the Agriculture
            Improvement Act of 2018 (43 U.S.C. 1761a).
                (2) Previously analyzed areas of national forest system
            lands.--The term ``previously analyzed areas of National Forest
            System lands'' means any National Forest System lands with
            respect to which the Secretary has--
                        (A) granted, issued, and executed a communications
                    use authorization; and
                        (B) conducted sufficient environmental or
                    historical reviews.
                (3) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
            of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.

    SEC. 8510. RELEASE OF REVERSIONARY INTEREST IN BLACK RIVER STATE
                  FOREST.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Deli, inc.--The term ``Deli, Inc.'' means Deli, Inc., a
            sphagnum moss production business located in Millston,
            Wisconsin.
                (2) Deli land.--The term ``Deli land'' means the
            approximately 37.27 acres of land owned or optioned to acquire,
            subject to the approval of the land exchange by the Wisconsin
            Department of Natural Resources, the Wisconsin Natural
            Resources Board, and the Governor of Wisconsin, in 2 separate
            parcels, by Deli, Inc., and located in Millston, Wisconsin, as
            depicted on the map and as described as follows:
                        (A) A parcel of real property containing
                    approximately 31.3 acres (which includes land within
                    the road right-of-way), together with any
                    improvements--
                                (i) comprising the NE\1/4\NE\1/4\ sec. 29,
                            T. 20 N., R. 2 W., Town of Millston, Jackson
                            County, Wisconsin;
                                (ii) excluding--
                                        (I) land lying north of the
                                    railroad right-of-way; and
                                        (II) a parcel 150 feet wide, with
                                    50 feet lying to the northeast, and 100
                                    feet to the southwest, of a line
                                    commencing at a point 5 feet east of
                                    the northwest corner of the quarter-
                                    quarter section described in clause
                                    (i), thence south 56 east 39" a
                                    distance of 222 feet, thence south 57
                                    east 31" a distance of 1359 feet; and
                                (iii) subject to--
                                        (I) any public water use or
                                    easements on Lee Lake; and
                                        (II) any easements or restrictions
                                    of record, public roadways, zoning and
                                    use ordinances, and the railroad right-
                                    of-way.
                        (B) A parcel of real property containing
                    approximately 5.97 acres located in the SW\1/4\SW\1/4\
                    sec. 20, T. 20 N., R. 4 W., Town of Millston, Jackson
                    County, Wisconsin, comprising lot 7 of Certified Survey
                    Map No. 4483, as recorded in volume 19S of the
                    certified survey maps, page 334, as Document No. 413440
                    in the Jackson County Register of Deeds.
                (3) Map.--The term ``map'' means the map entitled ``Black
            River State Forest-Deli, Inc.'' and dated June 26, 2023.
                (4) State.--The term ``State'' means the State of
            Wisconsin.
                (5) State forest land.--The term ``State forest land''
            means the approximately 31.83 acres of land located in the
            Black River State Forest in Millston, Wisconsin, as depicted on
            the map and as described as follows:
                        (A) A parcel containing 23.13 acres--
                                (i) comprising the portion of the E\1/
                            2\SE\1/4\ sec. 20, T. 20 N., R. 2. W., Town of
                            Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin, lying
                            south of the Interstate Highway 94 southern
                            right-of-way; and
                                (ii) excluding a triangular parcel in the
                            southwest corner described as commencing at the
                            southwest corner, thence east 260 feet, thence
                            northwesterly to a point on the west boundary
                            thereof 200 feet north of the southwest corner,
                            thence south to the place of beginning.
                        (B) A parcel containing 8.70 acres comprising the
                    portion of the NE\1/4\NE\1/4\ sec. 29, T. 20 N., R. 2.
                    W., Town of Millston, Jackson County, Wisconsin, lying
                    north of the railroad right-of-way, forming a
                    triangular piece and described as commencing at the
                    northeast corner of that quarter-quarter section,
                    thence west 1010 feet to the north line of the railroad
                    right-of-way, thence southeasterly along the boundary
                    of the railroad to the east line of that quarter-
                    quarter section, thence north on the east line 750 feet
                    to the place of beginning.
        (b) Conditional Release.--
                (1) Findings.--Congress finds that--
                        (A) the State forest land is subject to a
                    reversionary interest of the United States pursuant to
                    section 32(c) of The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (7
                    U.S.C. 1011(c)), requiring that the State forest land
                    be used for public purposes in perpetuity; and
                        (B) the State and Deli, Inc., have agreed that the
                    State will convey the State forest land in exchange for
                    the Deli land, and the Deli land will be added to Black
                    River State Forest in the State.
                (2) Conditional release.--If the State offers in a written
            agreement to convey the State forest land to Deli, Inc., in
            exchange for the conveyance of the Deli land to the State--
                        (A) the reversionary interest of the United States
                    in the State forest land shall be released; and
                        (B) the Secretary shall provide, as expeditiously
                    as possible, recordable evidence of the release under
                    subparagraph (A) in the form of a quitclaim deed, which
                    shall--
                                (i) convey any interest of the United
                            States in the State forest land without
                            consideration; and
                                (ii) be provided to the State for recording
                            before the exchange deeds are recorded.
                (3) Corrections.--The Secretary, in consultation with the
            State, may make any necessary corrections to the legal
            description of the State forest land for purposes of the
            quitclaim deed described in paragraph (2)(B).

    SEC. 8511. DOUG LAMALFA SECURE RURAL SCHOOLS ACT.

        Section 1 of the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-
    Determination Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 7101 note) is amended by inserting
    ``or the `Doug LaMalfa Secure Rural Schools Act''' before the period at
    the end.

    SEC. 8512. MINOR RANGE IMPROVEMENTS UNDER FOREST SERVICE GRAZING
                  PERMITS.

        (a) Minor Range Improvements by Permittees.--Not later than 1 year
    after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue
    regulations allowing a permittee to carry out a minor range improvement
    on the lands with respect to which the permittee holds a grazing permit
    if--
                (1) the permittee notifies the applicable Forest Service
            district ranger at least 30 days prior to carrying out such
            minor range improvement; and
                (2) such applicable district ranger--
                        (A) approves the minor range improvement; or
                        (B) does not respond to notification regarding the
                    minor range improvement.
        (b) Range Improvements by the Secretary.--The Secretary, acting
    through the applicable district ranger, shall--
                (1) respond to a covered request not later than 30 days
            after the date on which such request is submitted; and
                (2) if such response confirms that the Secretary, acting
            through the applicable district ranger, will carry out the
            range improvement requested--
                        (A) notify the district office that serves the area
                    in which such range improvement will occur; and
                        (B) expedite the carrying out of such range
                    improvement using any available administrative tools or
                    authorities, including categorical exclusions.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) CFR terms.--The terms ``grazing permit'',
            ``permittee'', and ``range improvement'' have the meanings
            given those terms, respectively, in section 222.1 of title 36,
            Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations).
                (2) Covered request.--The term ``covered request'' means a
            request submitted by a permittee to the Secretary requesting
            that the Secretary carry out a range improvement.
                (3) Minor range improvement.--The term ``minor range
            improvement'' includes improvements to existing fences and
            fence lines, wells, water pipelines, and stock tanks.

                        Subtitle F--White Oak Resilience

    SEC. 8601. SHORT TITLE.

        This subtitle may be cited as the ``White Oak Resilience Act''.

    SEC. 8602. WHITE OAK RESTORATION INITIATIVE COALITION.

        (a) In General.--The White Oak Restoration Initiative Coalition
    shall be established--
                (1) as a voluntary collaborative group of Federal, State,
            Tribal, and local governments and private and nongovernmental
            organizations to carry out the duties described in subsection
            (b); and
                (2) in accordance with the charter titled ``White Oak
            Initiative Coalition Charter'' adopted by the White Oak
            Initiative Board of Directors on March 21, 2023 (or any
            successor charter).
        (b) Duties.--In addition to the duties specified in the charter
    described in subsection (a)(2), the duties of the White Oak Restoration
    Initiative Coalition are--
                (1) to coordinate Federal, State, Tribal, local, private,
            and nongovernmental restoration of white oak in the United
            States; and
                (2) to make program and policy recommendations, consistent
            with applicable forest management plans, with respect to--
                        (A) changes necessary to address Federal and State
                    policies that impede activities to improve the health,
                    resiliency, and natural regeneration of white oak;
                        (B) adopting or modifying Federal and State
                    policies to increase the pace and scale of white oak
                    regeneration and resiliency of white oak;
                        (C) options to enhance communication, coordination,
                    and collaboration between forest landowners,
                    particularly for cross-boundary projects, to improve
                    the health, resiliency, and natural regeneration of
                    white oak;
                        (D) research gaps that should be addressed to
                    improve the best available science on white oak;
                        (E) outreach to forest landowners with white oak or
                    white oak regeneration potential; and
                        (F) options and policies necessary to improve the
                    quality and quantity of white oak in tree nurseries.
        (c) Administrative Support, Technical Services, and Staff
    Support.--The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary shall make
    such personnel available to the White Oak Restoration Initiative
    Coalition for administrative support, technical services, and
    development and dissemination of educational materials as the Secretary
    of the Interior or the Secretary, as applicable, determines necessary
    to carry out this section.

    SEC. 8603. FOREST SERVICE PILOT PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the
    Forest Service, shall establish and carry out 5 pilot projects in
    national forests to restore white oak in such forests through white oak
    restoration and natural regeneration practices that are consistent with
    applicable forest management plans.
        (b) National Forests Reserved or Withdrawn From Public Domain.--At
    least 3 pilot projects required under subsection (a) shall be carried
    out on national forests reserved or withdrawn from the public domain.
        (c) Authority To Enter Into Cooperative Agreements.--The Secretary
    may enter into cooperative agreements to carry out the pilot projects
    required under subsection (a).
        (d) Sunset.--The authority under this section shall terminate on
    the date that is 7 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 8604. WHITE OAK REGENERATION AND UPLAND OAK HABITAT.

        (a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a nonregulatory
    program to be known as the ``White Oak and Upland Oak Habitat
    Regeneration Program'' (in this section referred to as the
    ``Program'').
        (b) Duties.--In carrying out the Program, the Secretary shall--
                (1) draw upon the best available science and management
            plans for species of white oak to identify, prioritize, and
            implement restoration and conservation activities that will
            improve the growth of white oak within the United States;
                (2) collaborate and coordinate with the White Oak
            Restoration Initiative Coalition to prioritize white oak
            restoration initiatives;
                (3) adopt a white oak restoration strategy that--
                        (A) supports the implementation of a shared set of
                    science-based restoration and conservation activities
                    developed in accordance with paragraph (1);
                        (B) targets cost-effective projects with measurable
                    results; and
                        (C) maximizes restoration outcomes with no net gain
                    of Federal full-time equivalent employees; and
                (4) establish the voluntary grant and technical assistance
            programs in accordance with subsection (e).
        (c) Coordination.--In establishing the Program, the Secretary,
    acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall consult with--
                (1) the heads of Federal agencies, including--
                        (A) the Director of the United States Fish and
                    Wildlife Service; and
                        (B) the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation
                    Service; and
                (2) the Governor of each State in which restoration efforts
            will be carried out pursuant to the Program.
        (d) Purposes.--The purposes of the Program include--
                (1) coordinating restoration and conservation activities
            among Federal, State, Tribal, and local entities and
            conservation partners to address white oak restoration
            priorities;
                (2) improving and regenerating white oak and upland oak
            forests and the wildlife habitat such forests provide;
                (3) carrying out coordinated restoration and conservation
            activities that lead to the increased growth of species of
            white oak in native white oak regions on Federal, State,
            Tribal, and private land;
                (4) facilitating strategic planning to maximize the
            resilience of white oak systems and habitats under changing
            climate conditions;
                (5) engaging the public through outreach, education, and
            citizen involvement to increase capacity and support for
            coordinated restoration and conservation activities for species
            of white oak; and
                (6) increasing scientific capacity to support the planning,
            monitoring, and research activities necessary to carry out such
            coordinated restoration and conservation activities.
        (e) Grants and Assistance.--
                (1) In general.--To the extent that funds are available to
            carry out this section, the Secretary shall establish a
            voluntary grant and technical assistance program (in this
            section referred to as the ``grant program'') to achieve the
            purposes of the Program, as described in subsection (d).
                (2) Administration.--
                        (A) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into a
                    cooperative agreement with the National Fish and
                    Wildlife Foundation (in this subsection referred to as
                    the ``Foundation'') to manage and administer the grant
                    program.
                        (B) Funding.--Subject to the availability of
                    appropriations made in advance for such purpose, after
                    the Secretary enters into a cooperative agreement with
                    the Foundation under subparagraph (A), the Foundation
                    shall, for each fiscal year, receive amounts to carry
                    out this subsection in an advance payment of the entire
                    amount on October 1, or as soon as practicable
                    thereafter, of that fiscal year.
                (3) Application of national fish and wildlife foundation
            establishment act.--Amounts received by the Foundation to carry
            out the grant program shall be subject to the National Fish and
            Wildlife Foundation Establishment Act (16 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.),
            excluding section 10(a) of that Act (16 U.S.C. 3709(a)).
        (f) Sunset.--The authority under this section shall terminate on
    the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 8605. TREE NURSERY SHORTAGES.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
    enactment of this section, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of
    the Forest Service, shall--
                (1) develop and implement a national strategy to increase
            the capacity of Federal, State, Tribal, and private tree
            nurseries to address the nationwide shortage of tree seedlings;
            and
                (2) coordinate such strategy with--
                        (A) the national reforestation strategy of the
                    Forest Service; and
                        (B) each regional implementation plan for national
                    forests.
        (b) Elements.--The strategy required under subsection (a) shall--
                (1) be based on the best available science and data; and
                (2) identify and address--
                        (A) regional seedling shortages of bareroot and
                    container tree seedlings;
                        (B) regional reforestation opportunities and the
                    seedling supply necessary to fulfill such
                    opportunities;
                        (C) opportunities to enhance seedling diversity and
                    close gaps in seed inventories; and
                        (D) barriers to expanding, enhancing, or creating
                    new infrastructure to increase nursery capacity.

                                TITLE IX--ENERGY

    SEC. 9001. DEFINITION OF ADVANCED BIOFUEL.

        Section 9001(3)(B)(iv) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment
    Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101(3)(B)(iv)) is amended by inserting ``and
    sustainable aviation fuel'' after ``diesel-equivalent fuel''.

    SEC. 9002. BIOBASED MARKETS PROGRAM.

        Section 9002 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8102) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the
                    following:
                        ``(G) Procurement resources.--The Office of Federal
                    Procurement Policy, in coordination with the Secretary,
                    shall provide educational materials to procuring
                    agencies to consider the longevity of a product,
                    economic savings, and the efficacy and performance of a
                    product when making procurement decisions under this
                    subsection.''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (4)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking clause
                            (ii) and redesignating clauses (iii) and (iv)
                            as clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively;
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                                        (I) in the matter preceding
                                    subclause (I)--
                                                (aa) by inserting ``and the
                                            Secretary'' after ``Policy'';
                                            and
                                                (bb) by striking
                                            ``information concerning--''
                                            and inserting ``a report that
                                            describes, for the year covered
                                            by the report--'';
                                        (II) in subclause (I), by inserting
                                    ``, including the actions taken by the
                                    procuring agency to establish and
                                    implement the biobased procurement
                                    program of the procuring agency under
                                    that paragraph'' before the semicolon;
                                        (III) in subclause (IV), by
                                    striking ``and'' at the end;
                                        (IV) in subclause (V), by striking
                                    ``and'' at the end; and
                                        (V) by adding at the end the
                                    following:
                                        ``(VI)(aa) the specific categories
                                    of biobased products that are
                                    unavailable to meet procurement needs
                                    of the procuring agencies; and
                                        ``(bb) the desired performance
                                    characteristics and other relevant
                                    specifications for those products; and
                                        ``(VII) if applicable, an
                                    explanation of the procurement
                                    requirement or updated procurement
                                    requirement established under paragraph
                                    (2)(A)(i) that procuring agencies
                                    failed to meet and reasons for the
                                    failure; and''; and
                                (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Accountability.--The Office of Federal
                    Procurement Policy, in consultation with the Secretary,
                    shall annually--
                                ``(i) collect the information required to
                            be reported under subparagraph (B) and make the
                            information publicly available;
                                ``(ii) using the information collected
                            under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph,
                            document relevant procuring agencies under
                            paragraph (2)(A)(i) that, as applicable, have
                            established a procurement program in accordance
                            with paragraph (2)(A)(i)(I); and
                                ``(iii) make the information publicly
                            available, subject to the exemptions from
                            disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5,
                            United States Code.'';
                (2) in subsection (f)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in the heading, by inserting ``and
                            napcs'' before ``codes'';
                                (ii) by inserting ``and North American
                            Product Classification System codes'' before
                            ``for--''; and
                                (iii) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B)
                            and inserting the following:
                        ``(A) renewable chemicals manufacturers and
                    biobased products manufacturers; and
                        ``(B) renewable chemicals and biobased products.'';
                    and
                        (B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3)
                    and inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Report.--To inform the development of codes under
            paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, within 90 days after the
            date of the enactment of this paragraph, submit to the
            Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and
            the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the
            Senate, a report that provides--
                        ``(A) the Federal statistical collections of
                    information related to the North American Industry
                    Classification System codes and the North American
                    Product Classification System codes that utilize
                    bioeconomy-specific data;
                        ``(B) recommendations to implement any bioeconomy-
                    related changes as part of the 2027 revisions of the
                    North American Industry Classification System codes and
                    the North American Product Classification System codes;
                    and
                        ``(C) an assessment of the impacts that bioeconomy-
                    specific North American Industry Classification System
                    codes and North American Product Classification System
                    codes would have on the measurement by the agency of
                    the economic contributions of the bioeconomy.''; and
                (3) in subsection (k)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2024'' and
                    inserting ``2031''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 9003. BIOREFINERY ASSISTANCE.

        (a) In General.--Section 9003 of the Farm Security and Rural
    Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8103) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)(1)--
                        (A) by inserting ``or innovative'' before
                    ``commercial-scale''; and
                        (B) by inserting ``, renewable chemicals, or
                    biobased products'' after ``end-user products'';
                (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                                (i) by striking all that precedes ``a loan
                            guarantee'' and inserting the following:
                        ``(B) Feasibility.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In approving''; and
                                (ii) by adding after and below the end the
                            following:
                                ``(ii) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the
                            requirement that the applicant must demonstrate
                            commercial viability for projects adopting
                            commercially available technology.'';
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as
                    subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively; and
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the
                    following:
                        ``(C) Technical review agreement.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall
                            enter into an agreement with each project
                            applicant that clearly outlines the specific
                            objectives, outcomes, and conditions by which
                            the Secretary determines successful technical
                            feasibility of the project under this section.
                                ``(ii) Conditions of agreement.--The
                            agreement provided under clause (i) shall
                            include clear guidelines and expectations for
                            the methodologies, protocols, and procedures,
                            and what the eligible technology must
                            demonstrate, for the Department to determine
                            technical feasibility from an integrated
                            demonstration unit, including--
                                        ``(I) a set timeline for the
                                    integrated demonstration unit campaign
                                    and final technical report to show
                                    reliable evidence of continuous,
                                    steady-state production;
                                        ``(II) criteria and methods for
                                    evaluating the project's success,
                                    including any third-party assessments
                                    or evaluations that may be conducted
                                    during the demonstration period and at
                                    the conclusion of the set timeline;
                                        ``(III) criteria and methods to
                                    prove the ability of the integrated
                                    demonstration unit to use project-
                                    specific feedstock for the production
                                    of advanced biofuels, renewable
                                    chemicals, or biobased products at a
                                    yield and quality consistent with the
                                    design basis of the project;
                                        ``(IV) required information and
                                    conditions that demonstrate operation
                                    duration, quality, and quantity
                                    specifications; and
                                        ``(V) any other information that,
                                    if supplied to the Secretary, would
                                    assist the eligible entity in
                                    sufficiently demonstrating a project's
                                    technical feasibility.
                                ``(iii) Failure to comply with agreement.--
                                        ``(I) Noncompliance notification.--
                                    If a project applicant fails to comply
                                    with the technical feasibility
                                    requirements as provided under clause
                                    (ii), the Secretary shall issue a
                                    written notice to the project applicant
                                    detailing the specific deficiencies and
                                    providing a reasonable timeframe for
                                    the project applicant to rectify the
                                    issues.
                                        ``(II) Corrective action period.--
                                    The project applicant shall have a
                                    period of not more than 90 days from
                                    the date of issuance of the
                                    noncompliance notice to address the
                                    identified deficiencies and submit a
                                    revised technical feasibility
                                    assessment for reconsideration.
                                ``(iv) Technical feasibility approval.--
                            Upon fulfillment of the conditions of agreement
                            established under clause (ii) or approval of
                            the revised technical feasibility assessment
                            under clause (iii)(II), the Secretary shall
                            determine the project to be technically
                            feasible.''; and
                (3) in subsection (g)--
                        (A) by striking all that precedes ``is authorized''
                    and inserting the following:
        ``(g) Funding.--There''; and
                        (B) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.
        (b) Rescission.--Of the unobligated balances of amounts made
    available under section 9003 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment
    Act of 2002, $18,000,000 are rescinded.

    SEC. 9004. BIOPRODUCT LABELING TERMINOLOGY.

        Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7
    U.S.C. 8101-8115) is amended by inserting after section 9003 the
    following:

    ``SEC. 9004. BIOPRODUCT LABELING TERMINOLOGY.

        ``(a) Uniform Standards.--
                ``(1) In general.--Within 1 year after the date of the
            enactment of this section, the Secretary shall issue rules
            implementing national uniform labeling standards for, and
            ensuring the proper use of, the following terms in the labeling
            and marketing of bioproducts:
                        ``(A) Bio-attributed plastic.
                        ``(B) Bio-attributed product.
                        ``(C) Biobased plastic.
                        ``(D) Plant-based product.
                ``(2) Inclusion of certain defined terms.--In implementing
            the national uniform labeling standards under paragraph (1),
            the Secretary shall include the following terms, as defined in
            section 9001:
                        ``(A) Biobased product.
                        ``(B) Intermediate ingredient or feedstock.
                        ``(C) Renewable biomass.
                        ``(D) Renewable chemical.
        ``(b) Consultation.--In defining terms under subsection (a), the
    Secretary shall consult with--
                ``(1) biomanufacturers;
                ``(2) entities engaged in research and development of
            bioproducts;
                ``(3) feedstock growers; and
                ``(4) other industry stakeholders.''.

    SEC. 9005. BIOENERGY PROGRAM FOR ADVANCED BIOFUELS.

        Section 9005(g)(2) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
    2002 (7 U.S.C. 8105(g)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 9006. BIODIESEL FUEL EDUCATION PROGRAM.

        Section 9006 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8106) is repealed.

    SEC. 9007. RURAL ENERGY FOR AMERICA PROGRAM.

        (a) In General.--Section 9007 of the Farm Security and Rural
    Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8107) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``(referred to in this
            section as the `Program')'' after ``Program'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(3)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``, cost
                    savings,'' after ``savings'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(G) the potential of the proposed program to
                    meaningfully improve the financial conditions of the
                    agricultural producer or rural small business.'';
                (3) in subsection (c)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1)(A)(i), by inserting ``,
                    agricultural cooperatives with less than 2,500
                    employees,'' before ``and rural'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (F), by striking
                            ``and'' at the end;
                                (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (G) as
                            subparagraph (H); and
                                (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (F)
                            the following:
                        ``(G) the potential improvements to the financial
                    conditions of the agricultural producer or rural small
                    business; and''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking
                    ``$25,000,000'' and inserting ``$50,000,000'';
                (4) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), and (f) as
            subsections (e), (f), and (g), respectively, and inserting
            after subsection (c) the following:
        ``(d) Streamlined Application Process.--The Secretary shall develop
    a streamlined application process, including within each tier described
    in subsection (c)(4), under which an entity may apply for a grant under
    subsection (b), financial assistance under subsection (c), or a bundled
    application for a project with components eligible under clauses (i)
    and (ii) of subsection (c)(1)(A).'';
                (5) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking
                    ``Outreach'' and inserting ``Outreach, Technical
                    Assistance, and Education'';
                        (B) by striking ``that adequate'' and inserting the
                    following: ``that--
                ``(1) adequate'';
                        (C) in paragraph (1) (as inserted by subparagraph
                    (B) of this paragraph), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting a semicolon; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(2) technical assistance is provided to entities seeking
            to apply for a grant or financial assistance under the Program;
            and
                ``(3) outreach, technical assistance, and education is
            provided to recipients of grants and other financial assistance
            under the Program relating to integrating renewable energy
            projects on land shared with crops or livestock.'';
                (6) in subsection (g), (as so redesignated by paragraph (4)
            of this section)--
                        (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Reserve fund.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Of the funds obligated under
                    paragraph (1) for each fiscal year , not less than 10
                    percent shall be deposited in a reserve fund in the
                    Treasury and reserved for use in accordance with this
                    subparagraph.
                        ``(B) Use of funds.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall use
                            amounts reserved under subparagraph (A) to
                            provide grants to support projects using
                            underutilized renewable energy technologies.
                                ``(ii) Costs.--The amount of the grant for
                            such a project shall not exceed 25 percent of
                            the installation or maintenance costs of the
                            project for the year in which the grant is
                            awarded.
                        ``(C) Frequency of solicitations to fund.--The
                    Secretary shall carry out at least 2 solicitations for
                    applications for grants from the reserve fund in each
                    fiscal year.
                        ``(D) Reallocation.--Any funds reserved under
                    subparagraph (A) that remain unobligated 1 year after
                    the end of the fiscal year in which made available
                    under subparagraph (A) shall be reallocated to carry
                    out the program established under this section.
                        ``(E) Definition of underutilized renewable energy
                    technologies.--The term `underutilized renewable energy
                    technologies' means renewable energy technologies for
                    which have been expended not more than 20 percent of
                    the average of the total amounts made available under
                    this section for the 5 fiscal years most recently
                    ending before the date of the enactment of this
                    paragraph.''; and
                (7) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(h) Project Diversity.--In approving grant or loan guarantee
    applications under this section, the Secretary shall ensure that, to
    the extent practicable, there is diversity in the types of projects
    approved for grants or loan guarantees to ensure that as wide a range
    as possible of technologies, products, and approaches are assisted.''.
        (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 9007 of such Act (7 U.S.C.
    8107) is amended by striking ``subsection (f)'' each place it appears
    and inserting ``subsection (g)''.

    SEC. 9008. FEEDSTOCK FLEXIBILITY.

        Section 9010(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
    2002 (7 U.S.C. 8110(b)) is amended--
                (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``2026'' and inserting
            ``2031''; and
                (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``2026'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 9009. BIOMASS CROP ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

        Section 9011(f)(1) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of
    2002 (7 U.S.C. 8111(f)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 9010. CARBON UTILIZATION AND BIOGAS EDUCATION PROGRAM.

        Section 9014 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 8115) is repealed.

    SEC. 9011. STUDY ON EFFECTS OF SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATIONS ON COVERED
                  FARMLAND.

        Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7
    U.S.C. 8101-8115) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 9014. STUDY ON EFFECTS OF SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATIONS ON COVERED
                  FARMLAND.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the
    Secretary of Energy, shall conduct a study on the effects of solar
    panel installations on the conversion of covered farmland out of
    agricultural production in accordance with this section.
        ``(b) Content.--In conducting the study under this section, the
    Secretary shall--
                ``(1) analyze the economic effects of solar panel
            installations on covered farmland, including the effects on--
                        ``(A) crop yields;
                        ``(B) land values, including adjacent properties;
                        ``(C) land access and tenure;
                        ``(D) local economies; and
                        ``(E) food security;
                ``(2) investigate impacts of solar panel installation,
            operation, and decommissioning on covered farmland, and suggest
            best practices to protect--
                        ``(A) soil health;
                        ``(B) water resources;
                        ``(C) wildlife;
                        ``(D) vegetation;
                        ``(E) water drainage; and
                        ``(F) air quality;
                ``(3) assess the impacts of shared solar energy and
            agricultural production on covered farmland, including best
            practices to--
                        ``(A) maintain or increase agricultural production;
                        ``(B) increase agricultural resilience;
                        ``(C) retain covered farmland;
                        ``(D) increase economic opportunities in farming
                    and rural communities, including new revenue streams
                    and job creation;
                        ``(E) reduce nonfarmer ownership of covered
                    farmland; and
                        ``(F) enhance biodiversity;
                ``(4) assess the types of agricultural land best suited and
            worst suited for shared solar energy and agricultural
            production;
                ``(5) study the compatibility of different species of
            livestock with different solar panel system designs,
            including--
                        ``(A) the optimal height of and distance between
                    solar panels for livestock grazing and shade for
                    livestock;
                        ``(B) manure management considerations;
                        ``(C) fencing requirements; and
                        ``(D) other animal-handling considerations;
                ``(6) study the compatibility of different crop types with
            different solar panel system designs, including--
                        ``(A) the optimal height of and distance between
                    solar panels for plant shading and farm equipment use;
                    and
                        ``(B) the impact on crop yield;
                ``(7) evaluate the degree to which existing Federal, State,
            or local tax incentives result in the development of covered
            farmland under study;
                ``(8) recommend effective incentives that could shift solar
            panel installations toward the built environment, brownfield
            sites, and other contaminated sites;
                ``(9) evaluate the effectiveness of programs administered
            by the Federal Government related to solar energy development
            that--
                        ``(A) result in the development of contaminated
                    lands, the built environment, and other preferred
                    sites; and
                        ``(B) discourage solar panel installations that
                    would convert covered farmland out of agricultural
                    production; and
                ``(10) estimate the loss of agricultural production on
            covered farmland due to solar panel installations.
        ``(c) Consultation With Relevant Stakeholders.--In addition to
    consultation with the Secretary of Energy, while conducting the study
    under this section, the Secretary shall consult with--
                ``(1) farmers;
                ``(2) ranchers;
                ``(3) landowners;
                ``(4) agricultural organizations;
                ``(5) State departments of agriculture and energy;
                ``(6) units of local government;
                ``(7) conservation organizations;
                ``(8) land-grant colleges and universities (as defined in
            section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension,
            and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)); and
                ``(9) solar developers.
        ``(d) Report.--Within 2 years after the date of enactment of this
    Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on
    Agriculture and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of
    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
    Forestry and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the
    Senate a written report on the findings of the study and
    recommendations under this section.
        ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Covered farmland.--The term `covered farmland'
            includes--
                        ``(A) farmland, as defined in section 1540(c)(1) of
                    the Farmland Protection Policy Act (7 U.S.C.
                    4201(c)(1)); and
                        ``(B) nonindustrial private forest land, as defined
                    in section 201(a)(18) of the Food Security Act of 1985
                    (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(18)).
                ``(2) Brownfield site.--The term `brownfield site' has the
            meaning given that term in section 101(39) of the Comprehensive
            Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
            (42 U.S.C. 9601(39)).
                ``(3) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary
            of Agriculture.''.

    SEC. 9012. LIMITATION ON USDA FUNDING FOR GROUND-MOUNTED SOLAR ENERGY
                  SYSTEMS.

        Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7
    U.S.C. 8101-8115) is further amended by adding at the end the
    following:

    ``SEC. 9015. LIMITATION ON USDA FUNDING FOR GROUND-MOUNTED SOLAR ENERGY
                  SYSTEMS.

        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Covered farmland.--The term `covered farmland'
            includes--
                        ``(A) farmland, as defined in section 1540(c)(1) of
                    the Farmland Protection Policy Act (7 U.S.C.
                    4201(c)(1)); and
                        ``(B) nonindustrial private forest land, as defined
                    in section 201(a)(18) of the Food Security Act of 1985
                    (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(18)).
                ``(2) Conversion.--The term `conversion' means, with
            respect to covered farmland, any activity that results in the
            covered farmland failing to meet the requirements of a State
            (as defined in section 343 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural
            Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991)) for agricultural production,
            activity, or use or timber harvest.
                ``(3) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary
            of Agriculture.
        ``(b) In General.--The Secretary may not provide financial
    assistance for a project that would result in the conversion of covered
    farmland for solar energy production.
        ``(c) Exception.--Subsection (b) shall not apply to a project if
    the project--
                ``(1) results in the conversion of less than 5 acres of
            covered farmland; or
                ``(2) results in the conversion of less than 50 acres of
            covered farmland with--
                        ``(A) the majority of the energy produced being for
                    on-farm use; and
                        ``(B) receipt of a resolution of approval or
                    support, or other similar instrument, from each county
                    and municipality in which the project is sited.
        ``(d) Covered Farmland Protection.--
                ``(1) Farmland conservation plan required.--A person who
            has applied to the Secretary for financial assistance for a
            project to which subsection (c)(2) applies shall--
                        ``(A) develop a farmland conservation plan for the
                    project to--
                                ``(i) implement best practices to protect
                            future soil health and productivity, and
                            mitigate soil erosion, compaction, and other
                            effects of solar energy production during
                            construction, operation, and decommissioning;
                            and
                                ``(ii) remediate and restore the soil
                            health of the farmland to that of the farmland
                            before the solar energy production project
                            construction; and
                        ``(B) ensure that sufficient funds, as determined
                    by the Secretary, are provided for the decommissioning
                    of the solar energy production system and the
                    remediation and restoration of covered farmland to
                    carry out the farmland conservation plan described in
                    subparagraph (A).
                ``(2) Obligation and disbursement of funds.--The Secretary
            may obligate financial assistance for a project described in
            paragraph (1), but shall not disburse the financial assistance
            until the Secretary has determined that the applicant for the
            financial assistance has complied with paragraph (1).
                ``(3) Farmland conservation plan implementation.--A person
            referred to in paragraph (1) shall carry out--
                        ``(A) the provisions of the plan that are described
                    in paragraph (1)(A)(i), on the receipt by the project
                    of financial assistance from the Secretary and for the
                    duration of solar energy production under the project;
                    and
                        ``(B) the provisions of the plan that are described
                    in paragraph (1)(A)(ii), on the cessation of solar
                    energy production under the project.
                ``(4) Compliance.--A person who fails to comply with
            paragraph (3) with respect to a project shall repay to the
            Secretary the full amount of the financial assistance provided
            by the Secretary to the person for the project.
        ``(e) Additional Limitations.--The Secretary may not provide
    financial assistance for a project that procures a solar energy
    component (as defined in section 45x(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code
    of 1986) produced, manufactured, or assembled--
                ``(1) in a foreign country of concern (as defined in
            section 10638(2) of the CHIPS Act of 2022 (42 U.S.C.
            19237(2))); or
                ``(2) by--
                        ``(A) an entity domiciled or controlled by such a
                    foreign country; or
                        ``(B) a foreign entity of concern (as defined in
                    section 10638(3) of the CHIPS Act of 2022 (42 U.S.C.
                    19237(3))).''.

    SEC. 9013. SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUELS STRATEGY.

        The Secretary shall establish a Departmentwide strategy to advance
    the production of sustainable aviation fuels by--
                (1) facilitating the collaboration between relevant
            Department mission areas to encourage the advancement of the
            sustainable aviation fuels supply chain, including utilization
            of agricultural crops grown for sustainable aviation fuels
            production;
                (2) identifying opportunities to maximize sustainable
            aviation fuels development, deployment, and commercialization;
                (3) leveraging the capabilities of America's farmers,
            ranchers, foresters, and producers to capture opportunities in
            the sustainable aviation fuels market;
                (4) supporting rural economic development through
            sustainable aviation fuels production; and
                (5) promoting public-private partnerships for the
            development, deployment, and commercialization of sustainable
            aviation fuels.

    SEC. 9014. LEVERAGING EFFICIENCY AWARENESS FOR PUMPING SYSTEMS.

        (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
                (1) There are over 600,000 pumping systems used for
            irrigation on agricultural land in the United States, many of
            which still rely on fossil fuels.
                (2) Improving the efficiency of agricultural irrigation
            pumping systems can save up to 22,000,000,000 kilowatt hours of
            energy per year and eliminate 8,300,000 metric tons of carbon
            emissions annually.
                (3) Energy savings from electrifying agricultural
            irrigation pumping systems can save farmers and ranchers more
            than $1,800,000,000 annually in energy costs.
                (4) Pumping systems play a central role in the watering of
            livestock and the management of animal waste in every State.
                (5) Pumping systems are a critical component of the
            Nation's $2,300,000,000 aquaculture industry.
                (6) Improving the efficiency of pumping systems used in
            raising livestock and fish can significantly reduce energy use,
            save producers millions of dollars annually, and provide
            meaningful reductions in carbon emissions.
                (7) Agricultural irrigation pumping systems utilizing
            plastic piping can provide significant drought relief benefits,
            dramatically reducing water losses from evaporation and
            seepage; agriculture uses 37 percent of the Nation's surface
            and ground water, 30 percent of which is lost to seepage and
            evaporation.
                (8) Reducing the friction in piping used for agricultural
            irrigation and livestock watering can provide meaningful energy
            and cost savings; there are potentially 2,500 kWh of energy
            savings for every 10 miles of plastic piping utilized in
            delivering water for crops and livestock.
                (9) Solar pumping systems can play an important role in
            protecting riparian habitat and improving water quality in
            streams, rivers, lakes, and estuaries through providing
            alternative watering options for livestock.
        (b) Information on Energy-Efficient Pumping Systems.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            enactment of this section, the Secretary, in consultation with
            pumping system experts, in order to educate farmers on the
            benefits of energy-efficient pumping systems, shall develop and
            make publicly available on the website of the Department easily
            accessible information on cost savings, energy savings, water
            conservation, and carbon emissions reductions that can be
            realized through the use of energy-efficient pumping systems.
                (2) Contents.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary
            shall include information on--
                        (A) pumps, pipes, motors, drives, and controls that
                    can provide energy savings and cost savings, conserve
                    water, and reduce carbon emissions; and
                        (B) Department programs that provide farmers
                    resources for acquiring energy-efficient pumping
                    systems and drought management infrastructure,
                    including the environmental quality incentives program,
                    the Rural Energy for America Program, and the
                    conservation stewardship program.
        (c) Energy Efficiency Preassessment Tool.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            enactment of this section, the Secretary, in consultation with
            pumping system experts, in order to raise awareness of the
            benefits of energy-efficient pumping systems and increase
            participation in Department programs that promote energy
            efficiency, shall develop and make publicly available on the
            website of the Department a user-friendly tool to--
                        (A) assist farmers in making a preliminary
                    assessment of the energy efficiency of existing pumping
                    systems; and
                        (B) provide an estimate of potential energy
                    savings, cost savings, and carbon emissions reductions
                    that may be realized through pumping system
                    improvements.
                (2) Requirements.--
                        (A) Ease of use.--The Secretary shall ensure that
                    the tool made available under paragraph (1) provides a
                    user with projected energy savings, projected cost
                    savings, and projected carbon emissions reductions
                    through the input by the user of the following data
                    relating to an existing pumping system:
                                (i) Pump type.
                                (ii) Flow rating and actual flow.
                                (iii) Pressure rating and actual pressure.
                                (iv) Speed rating and actual speed.
                        (B) Considerations.--The Secretary shall ensure
                    that the tool made available under paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in assessing the energy efficiency of a
                            pumping system, takes into consideration pumps,
                            pipes, motors, drives, and controls associated
                            with the pumping system; and
                                (ii) in projecting the energy savings, cost
                            savings, and carbon emissions reductions that
                            may be realized through pumping system
                            improvements, takes into consideration the cost
                            of electricity and the profile of the existing
                            pumping system.
        (d) Energy Auditor Education.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            enactment of this section, the Secretary, in consultation with
            pumping system experts, in order to increase the effectiveness
            of Department of Agriculture energy efficiency programs, shall
            establish a process to educate persons performing energy
            efficiency audits for the Department of Agriculture on energy
            use and energy efficiency in pumping systems.
                (2) Implementation.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall consider the use of existing education and
            training programs focused on energy use and energy efficiency
            in pumping systems.
        (e) Conservation Stewardship Program Activities.--Section
    1240I(2)(B)(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
    21(2)(B)(i)) is amended by inserting ``and energy-efficient pumping
    systems'' before ``, as determined''.
        (f) Definition of Pumping System.--In this section, the term
    ``pumping system'' means any pumps, pipes, motors, drives, and controls
    used to move water and other fluids on farms, ranches, and aquaculture
    operations.

    SEC. 9015. ADDING WASTE ENERGY RECOVERY TO THE RURAL ENERGY FOR AMERICA
                  PROGRAM.

        Section 9001(15)(A) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act
    of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101(15)(A)) is amended by striking ``or
    hydroelectric'' and inserting ``hydroelectric, or waste energy
    recovery''.

            TITLE X--HORTICULTURE, MARKETING, AND REGULATORY REFORM

                            Subtitle A--Horticulture

    SEC. 10001. SPECIALTY CROP BLOCK GRANTS.

        Section 101 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 (7
    U.S.C. 1621 note; Public Law 108-465) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph
            (1)--
                        (A) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031'';
                    and
                        (B) by striking ``specialty crops, including--''
                    and inserting ``specialty crops through priorities
                    established annually by State program administrators in
                    consultation with specialty crop producers and producer
                    groups, including--''; and
                (2) by striking subsection (e), and inserting the
            following:
        ``(e) Plan Requirements.--The State plan shall identify the lead
    agency charged with the responsibility of carrying out the plan and
    indicate--
                ``(1) how the grant funds will be utilized to enhance the
            competitiveness of specialty crops; and
                ``(2) how outreach to, and consultation with, specialty
            crop producers and producer groups will be achieved.''.

    SEC. 10002. SPECIALTY CROPS MARKET NEWS ALLOCATION.

        Section 10107(b) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
    (7 U.S.C. 1622b(b)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 10003. OFFICE OF URBAN AGRICULTURE AND INNOVATIVE PRODUCTION.

        Section 222 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)(3)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    inserting ``production'' after ``emerging
                    agricultural'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                                (i) by inserting ``controlled-environment
                            agriculture, including'' before ``hydroponic'';
                            and
                                (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                        (C) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as
                    subparagraph (H); and
                        (D) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the
                    following:
                        ``(E) using the resources of the Department and of
                    State, Tribal, and local agencies to provide technical
                    assistance for business incorporation, navigating local
                    zoning, and managing farm tract numbers for smaller,
                    noncontiguous parcels to growers implementing
                    activities described in this paragraph;
                        ``(F) using the resources of the Department and of
                    State, Tribal, and local agencies to promote
                    conservation techniques unique to urban agriculture and
                    innovative production, including techniques that
                    address stormwater runoff and the impacted nature of
                    urban land and the subsurface of the land;
                        ``(G) assisting urban and innovative producers in
                    navigating Federal, State, Tribal, and local policies
                    and regulations that impact business or operations;
                    and'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (5)(B), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031''; and
                        (B) in paragraph (7)(A), by striking ``the date
                    that is 5 years after the date on which the members are
                    appointed under paragraph (2)(B)'' and inserting
                    ``September 30, 2031'';
                (3) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
        ``(c) Grants and Cooperative Agreements.--
                ``(1) Grants.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Director shall award
                    competitive grants to support the development of urban
                    and innovative agricultural production and technical or
                    financial assistance to producers.
                        ``(B) Subgrants.--An eligible entity may use funds
                    from a grant under subparagraph (A) to provide
                    subgrants to urban and innovative producers to support
                    the growth of the farm or farm business of the urban
                    and innovative producers.
                        ``(C) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to
                    receive a grant under subparagraph (A) is--
                                ``(i) a nonprofit organization;
                                ``(ii) a unit of local government;
                                ``(iii) a Tribal organization;
                                ``(iv) an agricultural cooperative or other
                            agricultural business entity or a producer
                            network or association; or
                                ``(v) a school that serves any of grades
                            kindergarten through grade 12.
                ``(2) Cooperative agreements.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Director may enter into
                    cooperative agreements with eligible entities to
                    support the development of urban and innovative
                    agricultural production.
                        ``(B) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to
                    enter into cooperative agreements under subparagraph
                    (A) is--
                                ``(i) a nonprofit organization;
                                ``(ii) a unit of local government;
                                ``(iii) a Tribal organization; or
                                ``(iv) an agricultural cooperative or other
                            agricultural business entity or a producer
                            network or association.'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking
                    ``Pilot'';
                        (B) by striking ``pilot'' each place it appears in
                    paragraphs (1) and (2);
                        (C) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``Not later
                    than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
                    section, the Secretary shall establish a pilot program
                    for not fewer than 5 years that'' and inserting ``The
                    Secretary shall continue to implement a program that'';
                        (D) in paragraph (1)(C), in the matter preceding
                    clause (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
                    ``2031''; and
                        (E) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``and
                            construct at-scale composting, food-to-feed, or
                            anaerobic digestion food waste-to-energy
                            projects'' before the period at the end; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) in the subparagraph heading, by
                                    striking ``PILOT'';
                                        (II) in the matter preceding clause
                                    (i), by inserting ``Tribal
                                    governments,'' after ``local
                                    governments,'';
                                        (III) by redesignating clauses (vi)
                                    through (viii) as clauses (vii) through
                                    (ix), respectively; and
                                        (IV) by inserting after clause (v)
                                    the following:
                                ``(vi) develop food waste-to-energy
                            operations;''; and
                (5) in subsection (e), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 10004. NATIONAL PLANT DIAGNOSTICS NETWORK.

        Section 12203(c)(5) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7
    U.S.C. 8914(c)(5)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 10005. HEMP PRODUCTION.

        (a) State and Tribal Plans.--Section 297B of the Agricultural
    Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639p) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                        (I) by redesignating clauses (ii)
                                    through (vii) as clauses (iii) through
                                    (viii), respectively;
                                        (II) by inserting after clause (i)
                                    the following:
                                ``(ii) a procedure under which a hemp
                            producer shall be required to designate the
                            type of production of the hemp producer as--
                                        ``(I) only industrial hemp; or
                                        ``(II) hemp grown for any purpose
                                    other than industrial hemp;''; and
                                        (III) in clause (iii), as
                                    redesignated by clause (i) of this
                                    subparagraph--
                                                (aa) by inserting ``except
                                            as provided in subparagraph
                                            (B)(i),'' before ``a
                                            procedure''; and
                                                (bb) by striking ``delta-9
                                            tetrahydrocannabinol
                                            concentration'' and inserting
                                            ``total tetrahydrocannabinol
                                            concentration (including
                                            tetrahydrocannabinolic acid)'';
                                            and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
                            ``include any other practice'' and inserting
                            the following: ``include--
                                ``(i) notwithstanding subparagraph
                            (A)(iii), a procedure for the use of visual
                            inspections, performance-based sampling
                            methodologies, certified seed, or a similar
                            procedure when developing sampling plans for
                            any producer who elects to be designated as a
                            producer of only industrial hemp under
                            subparagraph (A)(ii)(I);
                                ``(ii) notwithstanding subsection
                            (e)(3)(B)(i), a procedure for eliminating the
                            10-year period of ineligibility following the
                            date of conviction for a felony related to a
                            controlled substance for producers who elect to
                            be designated as producers of only industrial
                            hemp under subparagraph (A)(ii); and
                                ``(iii) any other practice''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Inspection of industrial hemp producers.--
                        ``(A) In general.--If a State or Tribal plan
                    referred to in paragraph (1) includes procedures for
                    reducing or eliminating sampling or testing
                    requirements under paragraph (2)(B)(i) for a producer
                    of industrial hemp, the State or Indian tribe shall
                    require the producer to provide documentation that
                    demonstrates a clear intent to produce, and use in-
                    field practices consistent with production of, only
                    industrial hemp, such as a seed tag, sales contract,
                    Farm Service Agency report, harvest technique, or
                    harvest inspection.
                        ``(B) Testing.--If a producer fails to provide the
                    documentation required under subparagraph (A), the
                    State or Indian tribe involved shall require the
                    producer to conduct the testing described in paragraph
                    (2)(A)(iii).'';
                (2) in subsection (e)(2)(A)(iii), by striking ``delta-9''
            and all that follows through ``percent'' and inserting the
            following: ``total tetrahydrocannabinol concentration
            (including tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) of not more than 0.3
            percent in the plant''; and
                (3) in subsection (e)(3)--
                        (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
                    follows:
                        ``(A) Reporting.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In the case of a State
                            department of agriculture or a Tribal
                            Government with respect to which a State or
                            Tribal plan is approved under subsection (b),
                            such State department of agriculture or Tribal
                            Government (as applicable) shall immediately
                            report a hemp producer to the Attorney General
                            and, as applicable, the chief law enforcement
                            officer of the State or Indian tribe, if the
                            State department of agriculture or Tribal
                            Government (as applicable) determines that the
                            hemp producer has--
                                        ``(I) violated the State or Tribal
                                    plan with a culpable mental state
                                    greater than negligence; or
                                        ``(II) violated the State or Tribal
                                    plan by producing a crop that is
                                    inconsistent with the designation of
                                    only industrial hemp under subsection
                                    (a)(2)(A)(ii).
                                ``(ii) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not
                            apply with respect to--
                                        ``(I) a violation described in
                                    subclause (I) of clause (i); or
                                        ``(II) the production of a crop
                                    inconsistent with its designation, as
                                    described in subclause (II) of such
                                    clause.'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by amending clause (ii) to
                    read as follows:
                                ``(ii) Exception.--Clause (i) shall not
                            apply to any person growing hemp that
                            designates the type of production as only
                            industrial hemp under subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii)
                            if--
                                        ``(I) the State or Tribal plan
                                    approved under subsection (b) includes
                                    a procedure described in subsection
                                    (a)(2)(B)(ii); or
                                        ``(II) the plan established by the
                                    Secretary under section 297C includes a
                                    procedure described in subsection
                                    (a)(2)(B)(ii) of such section.''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Production inconsistent with industrial hemp
                    designation.--Any person who knowingly produces a crop
                    that is inconsistent with the designation of only
                    industrial hemp under subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii) shall be
                    ineligible to participate in the program established
                    under this section for a period of 5 years beginning on
                    the date of the violation.''.
        (b) Department of Agriculture.--Section 297C of the Agricultural
    Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639q) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by striking ``paragraph (1) shall'' and
                            all that follows through ``practice to
                            maintain'' and inserting the following:
                            ``paragraph (1)--
                        ``(A) shall include--
                                ``(i) a practice to maintain'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C), by redesignating
                            clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and
                            (II), respectively, and moving the margins of
                            such subclauses (as so redesignated) two ems to
                            the right;
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (B)
                            through (E) as clauses (iii) through (vi),
                            respectively, and moving the margins of such
                            clauses (as so redesignated) two ems to the
                            right;
                                (iv) by inserting after clause (i) (as
                            designated by clause (i) of this subparagraph)
                            the following:
                                ``(ii) a procedure under which the
                            Secretary shall require a hemp producer to
                            designate the type of production of the hemp
                            producer as--
                                        ``(I) only industrial hemp; or
                                        ``(II) hemp grown for any purpose
                                    other than industrial hemp;'';
                                (v) in clause (iii) (as redesignated by
                            clause (iii) of this subparagraph)--
                                        (I) by inserting ``except as
                                    provided in subparagraph (B)(i),''
                                    before ``a procedure''; and
                                        (II) by striking ``delta-9
                                    tetrahydrocannabinol concentration''
                                    and inserting ``total
                                    tetrahydrocannabinol concentration
                                    (including tetrahydrocannabinolic
                                    acid)'';
                                (vi) in clause (v) (as redesignated by
                            clause (iii) of this subparagraph), by
                            inserting ``and'' after the semicolon at the
                            end;
                                (vii) by striking subparagraph (F); and
                                (viii) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) may include--
                                ``(i) notwithstanding subparagraph
                            (A)(iii), a procedure for the use of visual
                            inspections, performance-based sampling
                            methodologies, certified seed, or a similar
                            procedure when developing sampling plans for
                            any producer who elects to be designated as a
                            producer of only industrial hemp under
                            subparagraph (A)(ii);
                                ``(ii) notwithstanding section
                            297B(e)(3)(B)(i), a procedure for eliminating
                            the 10-year period of ineligibility following
                            the date of conviction for a felony related to
                            a controlled substance for producers who elect
                            to be designated as producers of only
                            industrial hemp under subparagraph (A)(ii); and
                                ``(iii) such other practices or procedures
                            as the Secretary considers to be appropriate,
                            to the extent that the practice or procedure is
                            consistent with this subtitle.''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Inspections of industrial hemp producers.--
                        ``(A) In general.--If a plan referred to in
                    paragraph (1) includes procedures for reducing or
                    eliminating sampling or testing requirements under
                    paragraph (2)(B)(i) for a producer of only industrial
                    hemp, the Secretary shall require the producer to
                    provide documentation that demonstrates a clear intent
                    to produce, and use in-field practices consistent with
                    production of, industrial hemp, such as a seed tag,
                    sales contract, Farm Service Agency report, harvest
                    technique, or harvest inspection.
                        ``(B) Testing.--If a producer fails to provide the
                    appropriate documentation required under subparagraph
                    (A), the Secretary shall require the producer to
                    conduct the testing described in paragraph
                    (2)(A)(iii).''; and
                (2) in subsection (d)(2)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in subparagraph (C)--
                                (i) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii)
                            as clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively;
                                (ii) by inserting before clause (ii) (as so
                            redesignated), the following:
                                ``(i) the designation of the type of
                            production of the hemp producers under section
                            297B(a)(2)(A)(ii) or under subsection
                            (a)(2)(A)(ii) of this section;''; and
                                (iii) in clause (iii), (as so
                            redesignated), by striking the period at the
                            end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) the laboratory certificate of analysis for
                    hemp disposed of under section 297B(a)(2)(A)(iv) or
                    subsection (a)(2)(A)(iv) of this section.''.
        (c) Regulations and Guidelines; Effect on Other Law.--Section 297D
    of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639r) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by striking ``regulations and
            guidelines'' and inserting ``administration, regulations, and
            guidelines''; and
                (2) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by striking
                    ``PROMULGATION OF REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES'' and
                    inserting ``ADMINISTRATION, REGULATIONS, AND
                    GUIDELINES''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Laboratory accreditation.--The Secretary, in
            consultation with the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement
            Administration, shall establish a process by which the
            Department of Agriculture can issue certificates of
            accreditation to laboratories for the purposes of testing hemp
            in accordance with this subtitle.''.

    SEC. 10006. PILOT PROGRAM FOR THE INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL MOVEMENT OF
                  GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS BY CERTAIN
                  AUTHORIZED PARTIES.

        Subtitle A of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7711 et seq.) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 420A. PILOT PROGRAM FOR THE INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL MOVEMENT OF
                  GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS BY CERTAIN
                  AUTHORIZED PARTIES.

        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Covered microorganism.--The term `covered
            microorganism'--
                        ``(A) means a genetically engineered microorganism
                    that is a plant pest or may pose a plant pest risk; and
                        ``(B) does not include listed agents or toxins (as
                    defined in section 212(l) of the Agricultural
                    Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C.
                    8401(l))).
                ``(2) Covered unauthorized release.--The term `covered
            unauthorized release' means an unauthorized release of a
            covered microorganism, including such a release that a
            responsible party suspects took place.
                ``(3) Pilot program.--The term `pilot program' means the
            pilot program established under subsection (b).
                ``(4) Plant pest risk.--The term `plant pest risk' has the
            meaning given such term in section 340.3 of title 7, Code of
            Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).
                ``(5) Responsible party.--The term `responsible party'
            means a partnership, corporation, association, joint venture,
            or other legal entity that--
                        ``(A) has a physical address in the United States;
                        ``(B) is not owned by or otherwise affiliated with
                    the government of a country of concern (as defined in
                    section 10638 of the CHIPS Act of 2022 (42 U.S.C.
                    19237));
                        ``(C) has more than 1 responsible party
                    biocontainment facility;
                        ``(D) employs quality control personnel that are
                    capable of overseeing the movement and control of
                    covered microorganisms;
                        ``(E) has, in each of the 3 years preceding
                    enrollment in the pilot program, moved plant pests
                    pursuant to permits granted by the Secretary under this
                    Act;
                        ``(F) has the ability and resources to ensure
                    compliance with the requirements under subsection (e)
                    for the duration of the pilot program;
                        ``(G) has implemented the precautions specified in
                    subsection (e) to prevent the unauthorized release of
                    covered microorganisms; and
                        ``(H) has not, during the 5-year period preceding
                    the date on which the relevant application is submitted
                    under subsection (c)--
                                ``(i) caused an unauthorized release of a
                            plant pest;
                                ``(ii) materially failed to comply with a
                            permit granted by the Secretary for the
                            interstate movement of plant pests; or
                                ``(iii) violated any provision of this
                            section (including regulations promulgated
                            thereunder).
                ``(6) Responsible party biocontainment facility.--The term
            `responsible party biocontainment facility'--
                        ``(A) means a physical structure or portion
                    thereof, constructed and maintained in order to contain
                    plant pests, that is under the control of, or operated
                    by, a responsible party within the contiguous United
                    States; and
                        ``(B) includes sites under the control of, or
                    operated by, any parent organization, subsidiary, or
                    affiliate of the responsible party.
        ``(b) Establishment.--Not later than 100 days after the date of
    enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish a pilot
    program under which the Secretary shall authorize not more than 75
    responsible parties--
                ``(1) to move covered microorganisms in interstate commerce
            between responsible party biocontainment facilities without a
            permit; and
                ``(2) to maintain control over and dispose of such covered
            microorganisms.
        ``(c) Application.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall accept applications
            from responsible parties for enrollment in the pilot program
            during a 45-day application period, beginning on the date on
            which the pilot program is established under subsection (b),
            using a web-based application process established by the
            Secretary.
                ``(2) Contents.--An application submitted by a responsible
            party for enrollment in the pilot program shall include the
            following:
                        ``(A) The name and contact information of the
                    responsible party and any agent of the responsible
                    party that will be involved in the movement of a
                    covered microorganism.
                        ``(B) The methods by which a covered microorganism
                    will be moved and the measures taken to ensure that
                    there is no unauthorized release of the covered
                    microorganism.
                        ``(C) The manner in which a shipping container,
                    packaging material, or any other material accompanying
                    the covered microorganism will be disposed of to
                    prevent the unauthorized release of a covered
                    microorganism.
                        ``(D) A list of responsible party biocontainment
                    facilities to which the responsible party intends to
                    move covered microorganisms.
                        ``(E) A list of the predominant covered
                    microorganism chassis strains that, at the time of the
                    application, the responsible party intends to move.
                        ``(F) A sworn certification that the responsible
                    party meets each criterion specified in subsection
                    (a)(5).
                ``(3) Supplemental applications.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A responsible party may submit a
                    supplemental application to the Secretary to update a
                    list under subparagraph (D) or (E) of paragraph (2) at
                    any time during such enrollment. The Secretary shall
                    make a determination with respect to such supplemental
                    application not later than 30 days after the date on
                    which such supplemental application is submitted to the
                    Secretary.
                        ``(B) Denials.--The Secretary may only deny a
                    supplemental application if the Secretary has made the
                    determination set forth in subsection (d)(2)(B). A
                    denial of a supplemental application shall be subject
                    to appeal in accordance with the terms specified in
                    subsection (d)(3).
        ``(d) Selection Process.--
                ``(1) Timing.--The Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) evaluate applications received under
                    subsection (c)(1) in the order in which the
                    applications are received; and
                        ``(B) approve or deny all applications received
                    during the period described in that subsection not
                    later than 45 days after the end of that period.
                ``(2) Denial.--The Secretary shall deny an application
            received under subsection (c)(1) if--
                        ``(A) the Secretary has already selected 75
                    responsible parties for enrollment in the pilot
                    program; or
                        ``(B) the Secretary determines that the responsible
                    party submitting the application does not meet each
                    criterion specified in subsection (a)(5).
                ``(3) Appeal.--
                        ``(A) In general.--A responsible party seeking to
                    enroll in the pilot program whose application has been
                    denied under paragraph (2) may submit to the Secretary
                    a written appeal within--
                                ``(i) the 10-day period beginning on the
                            date on which the responsible party receives
                            written notification of the denial; or
                                ``(ii) a longer period, if the responsible
                            party makes a request for additional time to
                            submit such appeal and the Secretary grants
                            such request.
                        ``(B) Decision.--The Secretary shall, within a
                    reasonably prompt period, grant or deny an appeal under
                    subparagraph (A) in writing, which shall include the
                    reasons for the decision.
        ``(e) Requirements.--A responsible party shall, as a condition of
    enrollment in the pilot program, agree to--
                ``(1) maintain, move, and dispose of covered microorganisms
            in a manner that prevents unauthorized release, spread,
            dispersal, or persistence of those covered microorganisms in
            the environment;
                ``(2) unless otherwise authorized under a permit under this
            Act, only move a covered microorganism between sites that are
            responsible party biocontainment facilities;
                ``(3) maintain, move, and dispose of each covered
            microorganism separately from other organisms;
                ``(4) ensure that each covered microorganism is maintained,
            moved, and disposed of in a manner commensurate with the plant
            pest risk posed by that covered microorganism;
                ``(5) use, at a minimum, a package for movement--
                        ``(A) that consists of a securely sealed inner and
                    outer container, each of which is an effective barrier
                    to the escape or unauthorized dissemination of the
                    covered microorganism;
                        ``(B) the inner container of which--
                                ``(i) contains all of the applicable
                            covered microorganism; and
                                ``(ii) is cushioned and sealed in such a
                            manner as to remain sealed during any shock,
                            impact, or change in pressure; and
                        ``(C) the outer container of which is rigid and
                    strong enough to withstand typical shipping conditions
                    (such as dropping, stacking, and impact from other
                    freight) without opening;
                ``(6) on request, grant the Secretary access--
                        ``(A) to sample materials associated with the
                    interstate movement of covered microorganisms under the
                    pilot program;
                        ``(B) to observe and inspect the interstate
                    movement of those covered microorganisms; and
                        ``(C) to audit records of the activities of the
                    responsible party under the pilot program;
                ``(7) maintain detailed and accurate records of all
            activities carried out under the pilot program to demonstrate
            compliance with the applicable requirements;
                ``(8) on request, grant the Secretary access to each
            responsible party biocontainment facility for inspection in
            relation to a responsible party's enrollment in the pilot
            program; and
                ``(9) comply with any additional requirement for the
            containment of covered microorganisms in interstate commerce
            that the Secretary may require if--
                        ``(A) the Secretary determines that such an
                    additional requirement is reasonable; and
                        ``(B) the sole purpose of such additional
                    requirement is to avoid a covered unauthorized release.
        ``(f) Prohibition on Certain Preferences.--In carrying out the
    pilot program, the Secretary shall take no action or promulgate any
    regulation that--
                ``(1) treats genetically engineered covered microorganisms
            less favorably than nongenetically engineered covered
            microorganisms; or
                ``(2) limits the quantity or type of covered microorganisms
            that may be moved under the pilot program between responsible
            party biocontainment facilities.
        ``(g) Reporting by Responsible Parties.--A responsible party shall
    submit to the Secretary a quarterly report that describes the
    activities of the responsible party under the pilot program during the
    period covered by the report, including--
                ``(1) a description of each covered microorganism moved in
            interstate commerce, including--
                        ``(A) the 1 or more countries or localities at
                    which the covered microorganism was collected,
                    developed, manufactured, reared, cultivated, or
                    cultured, as applicable;
                        ``(B) the genus, species, and any relevant
                    subspecies and common name information of the covered
                    microorganism; and
                        ``(C) when applicable, a brief description of the
                    genetic modifications made in the microorganism,
                    including--
                                ``(i) the intended phenotype that the 1 or
                            more modifications are expected to confer;
                                ``(ii) any targeted deletions, insertions,
                            or base pair substitutions; and
                                ``(iii) the genetic elements used in
                            imparting the modification, including the name,
                            donor organism, and a brief description of the
                            function;
                ``(2) each method by which the covered microorganism was
            moved in interstate commerce;
                ``(3) the quantity of the covered microorganism moved in
            interstate commerce; and
                ``(4) the specific responsible party biocontainment
            facilities between which the covered microorganism was moved in
            interstate commerce.
        ``(h) Unauthorized Release.--In the case of a covered unauthorized
    release, a responsible party shall--
                ``(1) contact the applicable office within the Animal and
            Plant Health Inspection Service within 48 hours of discovery of
            the covered unauthorized release; and
                ``(2) submit to the Secretary a statement of facts
            pertaining to such release, in writing, not later than 5
            business days after the date of that discovery.
        ``(i) Disenrollment From Pilot Program.--
                ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall terminate the
            enrollment of a responsible party in the pilot program if the
            Secretary has a sound factual basis to determine that--
                        ``(A) the responsible party no longer meets the
                    eligibility criteria of a responsible party described
                    in subsection (a)(5);
                        ``(B) the responsible party has materially failed
                    to comply with the requirements under subsection (e);
                    or
                        ``(C) as a result of a failure by a responsible
                    party under subparagraph (B), the responsible party
                    caused a covered unauthorized release during the pilot
                    program.
                ``(2) Disenrollment decision.--If the Secretary terminates
            the enrollment of a responsible party under paragraph (1), the
            Secretary shall submit that decision in writing to the
            responsible party.
                ``(3) Appeal.--The appeal process described in subsection
            (d)(3) shall apply in the case of a responsible party that
            seeks to appeal a termination of enrollment under paragraph
            (1).
        ``(j) Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate on the date
    that is 3 years after the date on which the Secretary completes the
    application selection process under subsection (d)(1)(B).
        ``(k) Report.--Not later than 6 months after the date of
    termination of the pilot program described in subsection (j), the
    Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes--
                ``(1) the activities carried out under the pilot program,
            including--
                        ``(A) the quantities and identities of covered
                    microorganisms that were moved; and
                        ``(B) a description of any unauthorized release of
                    covered microorganisms that were moved, including a
                    description of the cause and consequence of any
                    unauthorized release; and
                ``(2) recommendations on--
                        ``(A) whether the pilot program should become a
                    permanent program; and
                        ``(B) whether, as a permanent program, changes
                    should be made to the criteria for a responsible party
                    under subsection (a)(5) or to the requirements under
                    subsection (e).''.

                             Subtitle B--Marketing

    SEC. 10101. MARKETING ORDERS.

        Section 8e(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 608e-
    1(a)), reenacted with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing
    Agreement Act of 1937, is amended--
                (1) by inserting ``mandarin oranges,'' after ``oranges,'';
                (2) by inserting ``almonds,'' after ``onions,''; and
                (3) by striking ``, other than dates for processing,'' each
            place it appears.

    SEC. 10102. LOCAL AGRICULTURE MARKET PROGRAM.

        Section 210A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C.
    1627c) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (13) as
                    paragraphs (6) through (14), respectively; and
                        (B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
                ``(5) Food hub.--The term `food hub' means a business or
            organization that actively manages the aggregation,
            distribution, and marketing of source-identified food products
            to multiple buyers from multiple producers, who are primarily
            local and regional producers, to strengthen the ability of such
            producers to satisfy local and regional wholesale, retail, and
            institutional demands.'';
                (2) in subsection (b)(4), by inserting ``, regional food
            chain coordination,'' after ``collaboration'';
                (3) in subsection (c)(4), by striking ``stakeholders'' and
            inserting ``stakeholders before and after providing grants
            under the program'';
                (4) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and
                    inserting ``2031'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (I), by striking
                            ``or'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (J)(ii), by striking
                            the period at the end and inserting ``; or'';
                            and
                                (iii) by inserting at the end the
                            following:
                        ``(K) to support the purchase of special purpose
                    equipment.''; and
                        (C) in paragraph (6)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) by redesignating clauses (vii)
                                    and (viii) as clauses (viii) and (ix),
                                    respectively; and
                                        (II) by inserting after clause (vi)
                                    the following:
                                ``(vii) a food hub;'';
                                (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                        (I) in the matter preceding clause
                                    (i), by striking ``applications that''
                                    and inserting ``applications, outreach,
                                    and technical assistance that would'';
                                        (II) in clause (i), by striking
                                    ``or'' at the end;
                                        (III) by redesignating clause (ii)
                                    as clause (iii);
                                        (IV) by inserting after clause (i)
                                    the following:
                                ``(ii) provide greater geographic balance
                            relative to the benefits of the Program; or'';
                            and
                                        (V) in clause (iii) (as so
                                    redesignated), by striking ``are used''
                                    and inserting ``be used'';
                                (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D)
                            and (E) as subparagraphs (E) and (F),
                            respectively; and
                                (iv) by inserting after subparagraph (C)
                            the following:
                        ``(D) Simplified applications.--
                                ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall
                            establish a simplified application form for
                            eligible entities described in subparagraph (B)
                            that--
                                        ``(I) request less than $100,000;
                                    and
                                        ``(II) choose from the project
                                    categories described in clause (ii),
                                    which shall include a specific, limited
                                    set of key activities with predefined
                                    requirements established by the
                                    Secretary.
                                ``(ii) Project categories.--The Secretary
                            shall establish a simplified application form
                            for the following project categories but may
                            include additional project categories as
                            necessary:
                                        ``(I) Direct-to-consumer
                                    projects.--In the case of a direct-to-
                                    consumer project, an application form
                                    described in clause (i) may be
                                    available for the following categories
                                    of projects:
                                                ``(aa) An outreach and
                                            promotion project.
                                                ``(bb) A project to provide
                                            funding for farmers market
                                            manager staff time.
                                                ``(cc) A project to provide
                                            vendor training.
                                                ``(dd) A planning and
                                            design project.
                                                ``(ee) A data collection
                                            and evaluation project.
                                        ``(II) Local and regional food
                                    markets and enterprise projects.--In
                                    the case of a local and regional food
                                    market and enterprise project, an
                                    application form described in clause
                                    (i) may be available for the following
                                    categories of projects:
                                                ``(aa) A food hub
                                            feasibility study project.
                                                ``(bb) A project to provide
                                            funding for regional food chain
                                            coordination staff time.
                                                ``(cc) A project to provide
                                            technical assistance.
                                                ``(dd) A data collection
                                            and evaluation project.
                                                ``(ee) A project to support
                                            the purchase of special purpose
                                            equipment.'';
                (5) in subsection (e)(2)(A), by striking ``2019 through
            2023'' and all that follows through the period at the end and
            inserting the following: ``2026 through 2031 to support
            partnerships--
                                ``(i) to plan a local or regional food
                            system;
                                ``(ii) to implement a local or regional
                            food system plan;
                                ``(iii) to develop and implement a regional
                            food chain coordination project; and
                                ``(iv) to develop and implement a regional
                            outreach, technical assistance, and evaluation
                            project.'';
                (6) in subsection (f)(1)--
                        (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``subsection
                    (d); or'' and inserting ``subsection (d)(5);'';
                        (B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as
                    subparagraph (C); and
                        (C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
                    following:
                        ``(B) are eligible to submit an application in
                    accordance with subsection (d)(6)(D); or''; and
                (7) in subsection (i)(3)(B)--
                        (A) by striking ``Of the funds'' and inserting the
                    following:
                                ``(i) In general.--Of the funds''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(ii) Simplified applications.--Of the
                            funds made available for grants under
                            subsection (d)(6) for a fiscal year, not less
                            than 10 percent, and not more than 50 percent,
                            shall be used to provide grants to eligible
                            entities that submit an application in
                            accordance with subsection (d)(6)(D).''.

    SEC. 10103. ACER ACCESS AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

        Section 12306 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 1632c) is
    amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections
            (f) and (g), respectively;
                (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
        ``(e) Consultations.--
                ``(1) In general.--Beginning with the first request for
            applications under this section that occurs at least 1 year
            after the date of enactment of this Act, not later than 6
            months before such a request for applications, the Secretary
            shall solicit input from maple syrup industry stakeholders with
            respect to the research and education priorities of the maple
            syrup industry.
                ``(2) Consideration.--The Secretary shall consider the
            information provided through the consultation required under
            paragraph (1) when making grants under this section.''; and
                (3) in subsection (g), as so redesignated, by striking
            ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 10104. ORGANIC PRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA INITIATIVE.

        Section 7407 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
    (7 U.S.C. 5925c) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) collect and publish cost-of-production data for
            organic milk, through support from regional and national
            programs, including regularly reported data related to--
                        ``(A) the costs of major organic feedstuffs,
                    including--
                                ``(i) the prices for major organic
                            feedstuffs produced domestically;
                                ``(ii) the prices for imported major
                            organic feedstuffs; and
                                ``(iii) all other costs relating to the
                            production of organic milk;
                        ``(B) the establishment of an Organic All Milk
                    Prices Survey, which shall be analogous to the existing
                    All Milk Prices Survey conducted by the National
                    Agricultural Statistics Service, to gather and report
                    monthly data about the amounts organic dairy farmers
                    are being paid for organic milk and prices received for
                    organic dairy cows, including--
                                ``(i) national data; and
                                ``(ii) data relating to, at a minimum, the
                            6 regions with the greatest quantity of organic
                            dairy production; and
                        ``(C) periodic organic milk reporting under which
                    the Secretary, using data collected by the National
                    Agricultural Statistics Service, the Economic Research
                    Service, or the Agricultural Marketing Service,
                    publishes new periodic reports that include, or add to
                    existing periodic reports relating to, data for organic
                    milk, which shall be equivalent to data reported for
                    conventionally produced milk.''; and
                (2) in subsection (d)(2), by striking ``2023'' and
            inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 10105. ORGANIC CERTIFICATION.

        (a) Reports.--Section 2122(d)(1) of the Organic Foods Production
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6521(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
    inserting ``2031''.
        (b) Organic Technical Assistance.--The Organic Foods Production Act
    of 1990 is amended by inserting after section 2122A (7 U.S.C. 6521a)
    the following:

    ``SEC. 2122B. ORGANIC TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

        ``(a) In General.--In carrying out this title, the Secretary may
    provide technical assistance, outreach, and education to support
    organic production through existing programs implemented by a covered
    agency.
        ``(b) Covered Agency.--For the purposes of this section, the term
    `covered agency' means--
                ``(1) the Agricultural Marketing Service;
                ``(2) the Agricultural Research Service;
                ``(3) the National Institute of Food and Agriculture;
                ``(4) the Farm Service Agency;
                ``(5) the Risk Management Agency;
                ``(6) the Natural Resources Conservation Service;
                ``(7) the Rural Business-Cooperative Service;
                ``(8) the Food and Nutrition Service; and
                ``(9) other agencies, as determined by the Secretary.''.
        (c) Funding.--Section 2123(b)(6) of the Organic Foods Production
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6522(b)(6)) is amended by striking ``for fiscal
    year 2023'' and inserting ``for each of fiscal years 2023 through
    2031''.

    SEC. 10106. REPORT ON PROCUREMENT.

        Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Farm,
    Food, and National Security Act of 2026, the Secretary shall submit to
    the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
    report that examines--
                (1) the process by which domestic commodities or products
            (as defined in section 220.16 of title 7, Code of Federal
            Regulations (or any successor regulation)) are procured by the
            Secretary, including the solicitation process used to procure
            such commodities or products;
                (2) barriers to entry into such procurement process that
            are for nontraditional, culturally relevant, or local and
            regional commodities or products;
                (3) the diet quality and accessibility of commodities or
            products that are so procured; and
                (4) the Secretary's recommendations for administrative,
            regulatory, and legislative changes to improve such procurement
            process.

    SEC. 10107. DEFINITIONS OF RISK TO ORGANIC INTEGRITY AND OVERSIGHT
                  PROTOCOLS.

        Section 2103 of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C.
    6502) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating paragraphs (20) through (22) as
            paragraphs (22) through (24), respectively;
                (2) by redesignating paragraphs (16) through (19) as
            paragraphs (17) through (20), respectively;
                (3) by inserting after paragraph (15) the following:
                ``(16) Oversight protocols.--The term `oversight protocols'
            means the regulations, policies, and procedures issued by the
            Secretary under the authorities provided in sections 2104,
            2107, 2114, 2115, 2116, and 2120.''; and
                (4) by inserting after paragraph (20), as so redesignated,
            the following:
                ``(21) Risk to organic integrity.--The term `risk to
            organic integrity' means the likelihood that a product marketed
            as organically produced is, or contains, an agricultural
            product that was not produced using a system of organic farming
            in compliance with this title, not processed in compliance with
            this title, or both.''.

    SEC. 10108. MODERNIZATION OF INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS.

        Paragraph (5) of section 2107(a) of the Organic Foods Production
    Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6506(a)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(5) provide for annual inspections by the certifying
            agent of each farm and handling operation that has been
            certified under this title, which inspections shall be--
                        ``(A) in the case of a farm or handling operation
                    site located outside of the United States, conducted
                    on-site;
                        ``(B) in the case of a farm or handling operation
                    site located in the United States, conducted on-site
                    once every three years with intervening annual
                    inspections being conducted on-site or virtually based
                    on the farm's or handling operation's risk to organic
                    integrity, as determined by the Secretary; and
                        ``(C) in the case of a handling operation that
                    acquires but does not physically receive, process,
                    package, or store organic products, conducted through
                    inspection methods, including virtual methods, that
                    provide sufficient assurance of compliance, as
                    determined by the Secretary;''.

    SEC. 10109. STUDY AND REFORM OF NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM OVERSIGHT
                  PROTOCOLS.

        The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6501 et seq.),
    as amended by section 10105, is further amended by inserting after
    section 2122B (as added by such section 10105) the following:

    ``SEC. 2122C. STUDY AND REFORM OF NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM OVERSIGHT
                  PROTOCOLS.

        ``(a) Study.--Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment
    of this section, the Secretary shall conduct a comprehensive study for
    the purpose of determining whether the establishment of oversight
    protocols based on risk to organic integrity and the implementation of
    related reforms are necessary and appropriate.
        ``(b) Elements.--
                ``(1) In general.--In conducting the study under subsection
            (a), the Secretary shall examine the feasibility,
            opportunities, and implications of implementing oversight
            protocols that--
                        ``(A) are based on risk to organic integrity;
                        ``(B) include differential treatment of non-
                    compliance that increases the risk to organic integrity
                    versus non-compliance that does not;
                        ``(C) adopt standardized organic plans under
                    section 2114 aligned with the risk to organic
                    integrity;
                        ``(D) include a multi-tiered approach to
                    certification aligned with the risk to organic
                    integrity and the scale of the organic operation; and
                        ``(E) provide increased guidance and
                    interpretations of standards and criteria established
                    under this title given by the National Organic Program
                    to certifying agents and to certified organic farms and
                    handling operations.
                ``(2) Consideration of relevant factors.--In administering
            paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, with respect to certified
            organic farms, certified organic handling operations, and
            certifying agents, take into account--
                        ``(A) the scope of certification or accreditation
                    of each entity;
                        ``(B) the scale and complexity of each entity;
                        ``(C) the domestic or international location of
                    each entity;
                        ``(D) the history of compliance of each entity; and
                        ``(E) other relevant factors.
        ``(c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment
    of this section, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate
    congressional committees, and make publicly available on the websites
    of the Department of Agriculture, a report describing the findings of
    the study conducted under subsection (a).
        ``(d) Consultation.--In conducting the study under subsection (a),
    the Secretary shall consult with--
                ``(1) the National Organic Standards Board;
                ``(2) certifying agents;
                ``(3) certified organic farms and handling operations;
                ``(4) organic consumers; and
                ``(5) other relevant organic stakeholders.
        ``(e) Authority to Establish Additional Terms and Conditions.--
                ``(1) Issuance of regulations.--Based on the findings
            described in the report under subsection (c), and after
            consultation with the appropriate congressional committees, the
            Secretary may issue regulations to establish or modify
            oversight protocols under this title that the Secretary
            determines are necessary and appropriate, provided such
            regulations maintain strong organic integrity, support a
            resilient domestic organic sector, and are consistent with the
            requirements of this title.
                ``(2) Reducing oversight costs; prioritization.--In issuing
            the regulations under paragraph (1), the Secretary may seek
            to--
                        ``(A) reduce oversight costs and administrative
                    burdens for certified organic farms, certified organic
                    handling operations, and certifying agents that present
                    a lower risk to organic integrity; or
                        ``(B) prioritize oversight resources for activities
                    that present a higher risk to organic integrity.
        ``(f) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this
    section, the term `appropriate congressional committees' means--
                ``(1) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
            Representatives; and
                ``(2) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
            of the Senate.
        ``(g) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to limit the Secretary's authority to enforce compliance with
    this title to protect organic integrity.''.

                         Subtitle C--Regulatory Reform

          PART I--FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT

    SEC. 10201. EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES.

        (a) Definitions.--Section 2 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
    and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136) is amended--
                (1) by amending subsection (v) to read as follows:
        ``(v) Plant Regulator.--
                ``(1) In general.--The term `plant regulator' means any
            substance or mixture of substances intended, through
            physiological action, for accelerating or retarding the rate of
            growth or rate of maturation, or for otherwise altering the
            behavior of plants or the produce thereof.
                ``(2) Exclusions.--Such term shall not include--
                        ``(A) substances to the extent that they are--
                                ``(i) intended to be produced and used
                            within a plant; or
                                ``(ii) intended as plant nutrients, trace
                            elements, nutritional chemicals, plant
                            inoculants, soil amendments, or vitamin hormone
                            products; or
                        ``(B) plant biostimulants that--
                                ``(i) have a low-risk profile in relation
                            to humans and other organisms, as determined by
                            the Agency; and
                                ``(ii) are of biological origin or include
                            chemical compounds that are synthetically
                            derived, but structurally-similar and
                            functionally identical to, substances of
                            biological origin.'';
                (2) in subsection (hh)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by striking ``substances.'' and inserting
                            ``substances''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                        (I) by striking ``volatilization
                                    urease'' and inserting
                                    ``volatilization, or urease'';
                                        (II) by striking the period at the
                                    end and inserting a semicolon; and
                        (C) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
                ``(4) a plant biostimulant; or
                ``(5) a nutritional chemical.''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(pp) Plant Biostimulant.--The term `plant biostimulant' means any
    substance or mixture of substances that, when applied to seeds, plants,
    the rhizosphere, or soil or other growth media, acts to support a
    plant's natural nutrition processes independently of the nutrient
    content of that substance or mixture of substances, and that thereby
    improves--
                ``(1) nutrient availability, uptake, or use efficiency;
                ``(2) tolerance to abiotic stress; or
                ``(3) consequent growth, development, quality, or yield.
        ``(qq) Nutritional Chemical.--The term `nutritional chemical' means
    any substance or mixture of substances that interacts with plant
    nutrients in a manner that improves nutrient availability or aids the
    plant in acquiring or utilizing plant nutrients.
        ``(rr) Vitamin Hormone Product.--The term `vitamin hormone product'
    means a product that--
                ``(1) consists of a mixture of plant hormones, plant
            nutrients, plant inoculants, soil amendments, trace elements,
            nutritional chemicals, plant biostimulants, or vitamins that is
            intended for the improvement, maintenance, survival, health,
            and propagation of plants;
                ``(2) is nontoxic and nonpoisonous in the undiluted
            packaged concentrations of the product; and
                ``(3) is not intended for use on food crop sites and is
            labeled accordingly.
        ``(ss) Plant-incorporated Protectant.--
                ``(1) In general.--The term `plant-incorporated protectant'
            means a pesticide that is--
                        ``(A) intended for preventing, destroying,
                    repelling, or mitigating a pest; and
                        ``(B) a substance or mixture of substances intended
                    to be produced and used within a living plant, or in
                    the produce thereof, and the genetic material necessary
                    for its production.
                ``(2) Inclusions.--Such term includes any inert ingredient
            (as defined in section 174.3 of title 40, Code of Federal
            Regulations (or any successor regulation)).''.
        (b) Exemption From Regulation.--Section 25(b) of the Federal
    Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136w(b)) is
    amended to read as follows:
        ``(b) Exemption of Pesticides.--
                ``(1) Exemption by rule.--The Administrator may exempt from
            the requirements of this Act by regulation any pesticide which
            the Administrator determines either--
                        ``(A) to be adequately regulated by another Federal
                    agency; or
                        ``(B) to be of a character which is unnecessary to
                    be subject to this Act in order to carry out the
                    purposes of this Act.
                ``(2) Exemption for certain plant-incorporated
            protectants.--
                        ``(A) Exemption.--
                                ``(i) In general.--Upon the issuance of
                            guidance as described in subparagraph (B),
                            plant-incorporated protectants resulting from
                            endogenous genetic material found within or
                            that could arise from the plant's gene pool are
                            exempt from the requirements of this Act.
                                ``(ii) Exception.--A specific plant-
                            incorporated protectant arising from endogenous
                            genetic material found within or that could
                            arise from the plant's gene pool shall not be
                            exempt from the requirements of this Act if the
                            Administrator determines that such plant-
                            incorporated protectant is of a character which
                            is necessary to be subject to this Act in order
                            to carry out the purposes of this Act.
                        ``(B) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National
                    Security Act of 2026, the Administrator shall issue
                    guidance for the implementation of subparagraph (A).
                    The Administrator may update such guidance, as the
                    Administrator determines to be appropriate.
                        ``(C) Order.--
                                ``(i) In general.--If the Administrator
                            makes a determination described in subparagraph
                            (A)(ii) with respect to a plant-incorporated
                            protectant, the Administrator shall issue an
                            order explaining the basis for such
                            determination, which may be issued directly to
                            any person who owns, controls, or has custody
                            of such plant-incorporated protectant or
                            published in the Federal Register.
                                ``(ii) Effect of order.--After receipt or
                            publication of an order described in clause
                            (i), the plant-incorporated protectant
                            described in the order will no longer be exempt
                            from the requirements of this Act.
                        ``(D) Tolerance exemption.--The residue of a plant-
                    incorporated protectant that is exempt under
                    subparagraph (A)(i) shall be exempt from the
                    requirement for a tolerance under section 408 of the
                    Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 346a)
                    unless, and until such time as, the Administrator
                    issues or publishes an order under subparagraph
                    (C)(i).''.
        (c) Conforming Amendments.--Section 17(c) of the Federal
    Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136o(c)) is
    amended--
                (1) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
                    striking ``(as defined in section 174.3 of title 40,
                    Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor
                    regulation))'';
                        (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``or'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at
                    the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) that plant-incorporated protectant is exempt
                    under section 25(b)(2) or part 174 of title 40, Code of
                    Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation).'';
                    and
                (2) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking ``(as defined in
            section 174.3 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or any
            successor regulation))''.

    SEC. 10202. COORDINATION.

        Section 3 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
    Act (7 U.S.C. 136a) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(i) Coordination.--
                ``(1) Risk mitigation measures.--If any risk mitigation
            measures are required for any pesticide registered under this
            Act, the Administrator shall--
                        ``(A) develop such measures in coordination with
                    the Secretary of Agriculture; and
                        ``(B) conduct, and publish in the docket, with the
                    corresponding action, an economic analysis determining
                    the cost of implementation of such measures.
                ``(2) Data and information.--
                        ``(A) Coordination of data and information.--With
                    regard to the registration or registration review of a
                    pesticide under this Act and for making a determination
                    under section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and
                    Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 346a) with respect to any
                    action that impacts the sale, distribution, or use of a
                    pesticide, the Administrator shall coordinate with the
                    Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Director
                    of the Office of Pest Management Policy, so that the
                    Administrator has for the Administrator's use and
                    consideration for such processes--
                                ``(i) agronomic use data from--
                                        ``(I) the Department of
                                    Agriculture; and
                                        ``(II) industry; and
                                ``(ii) any information relating to the
                            availability and economic viability of
                            alternatives to such pesticide.
                        ``(B) Data and information.--When issuing any
                    decision resulting from the processes referred to in
                    subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall publish--
                                ``(i) a description of the use by the
                            Administrator of any data or information
                            provided by the Secretary of Agriculture under
                            subparagraph (A); and
                                ``(ii) the determination of the
                            Administrator on whether to use such data or
                            information, including, as applicable, the
                            reasons that the data or information was not
                            used.
                ``(3) Reasonable and prudent actions and measures.--For
            implementation of reasonable and prudent actions and measures
            with respect to the use of a pesticide registered under this
            Act, the Administrator shall coordinate with the Secretary of
            Agriculture, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Secretary
            of Commerce--
                        ``(A) to review the development of any such actions
                    and measures that are a result of consultations
                    relating to actions under this Act;
                        ``(B) to fully consider the risks and benefits of
                    any such actions and measures in a manner consistent
                    with practices established to evaluate the risks and
                    benefits of a pesticide registered under this Act; and
                        ``(C) to provide feedback to the Secretary of the
                    Interior and the Secretary of Commerce on decisions
                    relating to any such actions and measures that may
                    affect end users of a pesticide registered under this
                    Act.
                ``(4) Waiver.--The coordination requirements imposed by
            this subsection may be waived or modified for a specific action
            to the extent agreed upon by the Administrator, the Secretary
            of Agriculture, and the registrant so long as such agreement is
            published by the Administrator in the docket for the
            corresponding action.''.

    SEC. 10203. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.

        Section 3(c)(11) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
    Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136a(c)(11)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (B)--
                        (A) by striking ``The Administrator shall'' and
                    inserting the following:
                                ``(i) In general.--The Administrator
                            shall''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(ii) Participation.--The Secretary of
                            Agriculture shall include the Director of the
                            Office of Pest Management Policy in all
                            meetings of the interagency working group.'';
                (2) in subparagraph (D)--
                        (A) in clause (iv)--
                                (i) by striking ``every 180 days
                            thereafter'' and inserting ``each year
                            thereafter''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``during the 5-year period
                            beginning on that date''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(v) Availability.--All reports required
                            under this subparagraph shall be published on
                            the website of the Environmental Protection
                            Agency.''; and
                (3) by amending subparagraph (E) to read as follows:
                        ``(E) Consultation.--
                                ``(i) Working group with private sector.--
                            In carrying out the duties under this
                            paragraph, the working group shall, as
                            appropriate--
                                        ``(I) consult, including through
                                    public meetings, with representatives
                                    of interested industry stakeholders and
                                    nongovernmental organizations not less
                                    than once every year; and
                                        ``(II) take into consideration
                                    factors, such as actual and potential
                                    differences in interest between, and
                                    the views of, those stakeholders and
                                    organizations.
                                ``(ii) Administrator with working group.--
                            Before the Administrator implements any policy,
                            strategy, workplan, or pilot program regarding
                            the application of the Endangered Species Act
                            of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) to the
                            processes for the registration or registration
                            review of a pesticide under this Act, the
                            Administrator shall--
                                        ``(I) consult with the covered
                                    agencies on the policy, strategy,
                                    workplan, or pilot program and take
                                    into consideration input received; and
                                        ``(II) publish the input received
                                    from the covered agencies in the docket
                                    with the corresponding policy,
                                    strategy, workplan, or pilot
                                    program.''.

    SEC. 10204. REGISTRATION REVIEW.

        (a) Extension of Deadline.--Section 3(g)(1)(A)(iii) of the Federal
    Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C.
    136a(g)(1)(A)(iii)) is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking
            ``the registration review of'' and inserting ``the interim
            registration review decision of''; and
                (2) in subclause (I), by striking ``2022'' and inserting
            ``2031''.
        (b) Interim Registration Review Decision Requirements.--Section
    3(g)(1)(A) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
    (7 U.S.C. 136a(g)(1)(A)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(vi) Interim registration review decision
                    requirements.--
                                ``(I) Requirements.--Any covered interim
                            registration review decision shall include,
                            where applicable, measures to reduce the
                            effects of the applicable pesticide on--
                                        ``(aa) species listed under the
                                    Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16
                                    U.S.C. 1531 et seq.); or
                                        ``(bb) any designated critical
                                    habitat.
                                ``(II) Consultation.--In developing
                            measures described in subclause (I), the
                            Administrator shall take into account the input
                            received from the Secretary of Agriculture and
                            other members of the interagency working group
                            established under subsection (c)(11).
                                ``(III) Covered interim registration review
                            decision.--In this subsection, the term
                            `covered interim registration review decision'
                            means an interim registration review decision--
                                        ``(aa) that is associated with an
                                    initial registration review described
                                    in clause (iii);
                                        ``(bb) that is noticed in the
                                    Federal Register during the period
                                    beginning on the date of enactment of
                                    this clause and ending on October 1,
                                    2031; and
                                        ``(cc) for which the Administrator
                                    has not, as of the date on which the
                                    decision is noticed in the Federal
                                    Register, made effects determinations
                                    or completed any necessary consultation
                                    under section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered
                                    Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C.
                                    1536(a)(2)).''.
        (c) Conforming Repeal.--Section 711 of the Pesticide Registration
    Improvement Act of 2022 (title VI of division HH of Public Law 117-328)
    is repealed.

    SEC. 10205. UNIFORMITY OF PESTICIDE LABELING REQUIREMENTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 24(b) of the Federal Insecticide,
    Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136v(b)) shall be applied to
    require uniformity in pesticide labeling nationally, and to prohibit
    any State, instrumentality, or political subdivision thereof, or a
    court from directly or indirectly imposing or continuing in effect any
    requirements for, or penalize or hold liable, any entity for failing to
    comply with requirements that would require labeling or packaging that
    is in addition to or different from the labeling or packaging approved
    by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (referred
    to in this section as the ``Administrator'') under such Act (7 U.S.C.
    136 et seq.), including any requirements relating to warnings on such
    labeling or packaging, provided that the entity is not in material
    violation of subparagraph (M), (Q), or (R) of section 12(a)(2) of such
    Act (7 U.S.C. 136j(a)(2)), for which the entity has been penalized
    pursuant to section 14 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 136l).
        (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
    construed to alter or diminish the authority of States under
    subsections (a) and (c) of section 24 of the Federal Insecticide,
    Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136v).

    SEC. 10206. AUTHORITY OF STATES.

        Section 24 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
    Act (7 U.S.C. 136v) is amended--
                (1) in the section heading, by inserting ``and localities''
            after ``states''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(d) Local Regulation.--A political subdivision of a State shall
    not impose, or continue in effect, any requirement relating to the
    sale, distribution, labeling, application, or use of any pesticide or
    device that is subject to regulation--
                ``(1) by a State pursuant to this section; or
                ``(2) by the Administrator under this Act.''.

    SEC. 10207. LAWFUL USE OF AUTHORIZED PESTICIDES.

        Section 3(f) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
    Act (7 U.S.C. 136a(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) Lawful use of registered pesticides.--Notwithstanding
            any other provision of law, the use, application, or discharge
            of a registered pesticide consistent with its labeling approved
            under this Act shall be permitted and considered lawful,
            without further permitting or approval requirements.''.

                  PART II--OTHER REGULATORY REFORM PROVISIONS

    SEC. 10211. MULTIPLE CROP AND PESTICIDE USE SURVEY.

        Section 10109(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public
    Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 4906) is amended to read as follows:
        ``(b) Administration.--
                ``(1) Submission.--The Secretary shall submit to the
            Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and make
            publicly available, the survey described in subsection (a).
                ``(2) Commercial data.--The Secretary, acting through the
            Director of the Office of Pest Management Policy, shall obtain
            commercial data on pesticide use to inform the conduct of, and
            enhance the results of, the survey described in subsection (a).
                ``(3) Rulemaking procedure.--The administration of this
            section shall be made without regard to chapter 35 of title 44,
            United States Code (commonly known as the Paperwork Reduction
            Act).''.

    SEC. 10212. SAFE HARBOR FOR CERTAIN DISCHARGES OF WILDLAND FIRE
                  CHEMICALS.

        (a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), no court may enjoin
    under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.)
    a covered entity from conducting an aerial application of a covered
    fire retardant and water enhancer for wildfire suppression, control, or
    prevention activities that results in a discharge, if such aerial
    application is conducted in accordance with the requirements of the
    Federal Facility Compliance Agreement between the Environmental
    Protection Agency and the U.S. Forest Service, as agreed to on February
    16, 2023.
        (b) Period of Application.--Subsection (a) shall apply to any
    aerial application described in such subsection that is conducted
    before the effective date of a permit issued by the Administrator of
    the Environmental Protection Agency or a State, as applicable, under
    section 402 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1342)
    that authorizes the discharge, from such aerial application, of a
    covered fire retardant and water enhancer for wildfire suppression,
    control, or prevention activities.
        (c) Effect.--Nothing in this section affects the authority of any
    court under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act with respect to any
    discharge resulting from an aerial application not conducted in
    accordance with the requirements described in subsection (a).
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
                        (A) any Federal agency, agency of a State or
                    political subdivision thereof, or Tribal agency
                    authorized by law to conduct an aerial application of
                    fire retardants and water enhancers for wildfire
                    suppression, control, or prevention activities; and
                        (B) any contractor, subcontractor, or other agent
                    of an agency described in subparagraph (A).
                (2) Covered fire retardant and water enhancer.--The term
            ``covered fire retardant and water enhancer'' means a fire
            retardant and water enhancer that--
                        (A) has been evaluated, qualified, and approved by
                    the Secretary; and
                        (B) appears on the most current Forest Service
                    Qualified Products List.
                (3) Discharge; state.--The terms ``discharge'' and
            ``State'' have the meanings given those terms in section 502 of
            the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1362).
        (e) Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective on the date
    that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this section.

    SEC. 10213. OFFICE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY.

        Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 220
    (7 U.S.C. 6920) the following:

    ``SEC. 220A. OFFICE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish in the Department
    an Office of Biotechnology Policy to provide for the effective
    coordination of policies and activities within the Department of
    Agriculture related to biotechnology, biomanufacturing, synthetic
    biology, and related emerging technologies, while taking into account
    the effects of regulatory actions of other government agencies.
        ``(b) Director.--The Office of Biotechnology Policy shall be under
    the direction of a Director appointed by the Secretary, who shall
    report directly to the Secretary or a designee of the Secretary.
        ``(c) Duties.--The Director of the Office of Biotechnology Policy
    shall--
                ``(1) develop and coordinate Department policy on
            biotechnology and related topics;
                ``(2) coordinate activities and services of the Department
            on biotechnology and related topics, including--
                        ``(A) research and development;
                        ``(B) extension and education;
                        ``(C) communication;
                        ``(D) regulation and labeling; and
                        ``(E) commercialization, use, and trade;
                ``(3) assist other offices and agencies of the Department
            in fulfilling their responsibilities related to biotechnology
            under applicable Federal law; and
                ``(4) perform such other functions as may be required under
            Federal law or prescribed by the Secretary.
        ``(d) Interagency Coordination.--In carrying out the duties under
    subsection (c), the Director of the Office of Biotechnology Policy
    shall provide leadership to ensure coordination of interagency
    activities with the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug
    Administration, and other Federal and State agencies.
        ``(e) Outreach.--The Director of the Office of Biotechnology Policy
    shall consult with biotechnology developers, academics, agricultural
    producers, and other entities that may be affected by biotechnology-
    related activities or actions of the Department or other Federal and
    State agencies as necessary in carrying out the Office's
    responsibilities under this section.
        ``(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
    appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for each of fiscal
    years 2027 through 2031.''.

                            TITLE XI--CROP INSURANCE

    SEC. 11001. SPECIALTY CROP ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

        (a) In General.--Section 505 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7
    U.S.C. 1505) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in paragraph (2)--
                                (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (E),
                            (F), and (G) as subparagraphs (F), (G), and
                            (H), respectively;
                                (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (D)
                            the following:
                        ``(E) The Chairperson of the Specialty Crop
                    Advisory Committee established by subsection (f).'';
                    and
                                (iii) in subparagraph (H), as so
                            redesignated, by striking ``specialty crop''
                            and inserting ``livestock'';
                        (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``subparagraphs
                    (E), (F), and (G) of paragraph (2)'' and inserting
                    ``subparagraphs (F), (G), and (H) of paragraph (2) and
                    the members of the Specialty Crop Advisory Committee
                    described in subsection (f)(2)''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Specialty Crop Advisory Committee.--
                ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date
            of the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                        ``(A) establish a Specialty Crop Advisory Committee
                    (in this subsection referred to as `the Committee');
                    and
                        ``(B) appoint to the Committee in accordance with
                    paragraph (2) the initial members that will assist the
                    Corporation in the research, creation, and improvement
                    of policies or plans of insurance for specialty crops.
                ``(2) Composition.--
                        ``(A) Chairperson.--The Chairperson of the
                    Committee shall be an individual with experience in
                    crop insurance and the unique nature of the specialty
                    crop industry.
                        ``(B) Members.--The Committee shall consist of--
                                ``(i) individuals with an understanding of
                            the production methods, markets, and risks
                            (including losses due to weather, trade
                            damages, and supply chain disruptions) unique
                            to specialty crop production;
                                ``(ii) not less than 5 producers and not
                            more than 10 total members; and
                                ``(iii) not less than 1 producer from each
                            of the West, Midwest, South, and Northeast
                            regions of the United States (as identified by
                            the Bureau of the Census).
                ``(3) Duties.--The Committee established by this subsection
            shall--
                        ``(A) advise the Manager of the Corporation on
                    issues relating to specialty crop insurance policies;
                        ``(B) provide input, through the Chairperson of the
                    Committee, to the Board on decisions relating to
                    specialty crop insurance policies;
                        ``(C) review available educational programs and
                    make recommendations to the Manager of the Corporation
                    on how to enhance the effectiveness of such programs
                    for specialty crop producers;
                        ``(D) provide recommendations to the Manager of the
                    Corporation regarding the presentation of policies to
                    the Board required by section 508(a)(6);
                        ``(E) advise the Manager of the Corporation on
                    entering into partnerships to carry out subsections (d)
                    and (e)(2)(B) of section 522; and
                        ``(F) meet not less than 2 times each year to carry
                    out these duties.''.
        (b) Specialty Crops Coordinator.--Section 507(g)(2) of the Federal
    Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1507(g)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(2) Responsibilities.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Specialty Crops Coordinator
                    shall have primary responsibility for addressing the
                    needs of specialty crop producers, and for providing
                    information and advice, in connection with the
                    activities of the Corporation to improve and expand the
                    insurance program for specialty crops.
                        ``(B) Other duties.--In carrying out this
                    paragraph, the Specialty Crops Coordinator shall--
                                ``(i) act as the liaison of the Corporation
                            with representatives of specialty crop
                            producers and the Specialty Crop Advisory
                            Committee; and
                                ``(ii) assist the Corporation with the
                            knowledge, expertise, and familiarity of the
                            producers with risk management and production
                            issues pertaining to specialty crops.''.
        (c) Annual Review of New and Specialty Crops.--Section 508(a)(6)(A)
    of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(6)(A)) is amended
    by inserting ``(in consultation with the Specialty Crop Advisory
    Committee)'' after ``Corporation''.

    SEC. 11002. IDENTIFICATION OF HOLDERS OF SUBSTANTIAL INTERESTS.

        Section 506(m) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1506(m))
    is amended--
                (1) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
                ``(3) Identification of holders of substantial interests.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Manager of the Corporation
                    may require each policyholder to provide to the
                    Manager, at such times and in such manner as prescribed
                    by the Manager, the name of each individual or other
                    entity that acquires or holds a substantial beneficial
                    interest in such policyholder.
                        ``(B) Extension available.--
                                ``(i) In general.--In the case of a
                            policyholder that does not provide the
                            information required pursuant to subparagraph
                            (A) to the Manager at the time prescribed by
                            the Manager, the Manager shall allow such
                            policyholder to provide to the Manager such
                            information at any time during the applicable
                            crop year.
                                ``(ii) Exception.--Clause (i) shall not
                            apply to a policyholder that an approved
                            insurance provider determines--
                                        ``(I) would receive
                                    disproportionate benefits under a crop
                                    insurance program as a result of
                                    failing to provide the information
                                    required pursuant to subparagraph (A)
                                    to the Manager at the time prescribed
                                    by the Manager; or
                                        ``(II) failed to provide such
                                    information to avoid an obligation or
                                    requirement under any State or Federal
                                    law.''; and
                (2) in paragraph (4), by striking ``5 percent'' and
            inserting ``10 percent''.

    SEC. 11003. ACTUARIAL SOUNDNESS OF CERTAIN NEW PRODUCTS.

        Section 506(n) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1506(n))
    is amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) Actuarial soundness of certain new products.--The
            Corporation shall--
                        ``(A) review each policy or product developed under
                    section 508(h) periodically for actuarial soundness;
                    and
                        ``(B) take such actions, in consultation with
                    persons described in paragraph (1)(A) of such section,
                    as are necessary to improve the actuarial soundness of
                    such policies and products.''.

    SEC. 11004. COVERAGE OF REVENUE LOSSES.

        Section 508(a)(1) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C.
    1508(a)(1)) is amended, in the second sentence, by inserting ``or a
    decline in the market price of the insured commodity, so long as such
    decline was not directly caused by the producer (as determined by the
    Secretary)'' before the period at the end.

    SEC. 11005. LIMITATION ON FARM PROGRAM PARTICIPATION.

        (a) In General.--The Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et
    seq.) is amended--
                (1) in section 508(c)(4)(C)(iv) in the heading, by striking
            ``crops and''; and
                (2) in section 508B(f), by striking ``Effective beginning
            with the 2019 crop year'' and inserting ``Effective for the
            2019 through 2025 crop years''.
        (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1115 of the Agricultural Act of
    2014 (7 U.S.C. 9015) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(j) Limitation.--Beginning with the 2026 crop year, in the case
    of a farm for which a producer obtains coverage under the Stacked
    Income Protection Plan for upland cotton under section 508B of the
    Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508b) for a crop year, such farm
    shall not be eligible to receive payments for seed cotton for such crop
    year under--
                ``(1) price loss coverage under section 1116; or
                ``(2) agriculture risk coverage under section 1117.''.

    SEC. 11006. LIMITATION ON INTEREST ACCRUAL.

        Section 508(d) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(d))
    is amended by inserting at the end the following new paragraph:
                ``(5) Limitation on interest accrual.--Effective beginning
            with the 2026 reinsurance year, in the case of a producer that
            is delinquent in paying a premium or administrative fee, an
            approved insurance provider may charge such producer with
            respect to such delinquency an amount less than or equal to 1
            percent of the simple interest of the amount for which such
            producer is delinquent, for each month (not to exceed 60
            consecutive months) the producer is so delinquent.''.

    SEC. 11007. CROP INSURANCE SUPPORT FOR BEGINNING AND VETERAN FARMERS
                  AND RANCHERS.

        (a) Definition of Veteran Farmer or Rancher.--Section 502(b)(14)(B)
    of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(b)(14)(B)) is
    amended--
                (1) in clause (ii), by striking ``5 years'' and inserting
            ``10 years''; and
                (2) in clause (iii), by striking ``5-year'' and inserting
            ``10-year''.
        (b) Increase in Assistance.--Section 508(e)(9) of the Federal Crop
    Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)) is amended by inserting ``or veteran
    farmer or rancher'' after ``beginning farmer or rancher'' each place it
    appears.

    SEC. 11008. MARKETABILITY.

        Section 508(h)(4) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C.
    1508(h)(4)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A), by amending clause (iii) to read
            as follows:
                                ``(iii) Application.--
                                        ``(I) In general.--Except as
                                    provided in subclause (II), this
                                    subparagraph shall apply with respect
                                    to a proposal only during the period
                                    preceding any approval of the proposal
                                    by the Board.
                                        ``(II) Exception.--An approved
                                    insurance provider that submits a
                                    letter of support for a concept
                                    proposal, a policy, or plan of
                                    insurance shall--
                                                ``(aa) not be considered
                                            the public for purposes of
                                            clause (ii);
                                                ``(bb) have access to data
                                            and other product development
                                            information submitted to the
                                            Board during its review under
                                            this subsection; and
                                                ``(cc) be subject to the
                                            confidentiality requirements as
                                            applicable to the Board
                                            pursuant to clauses (i) and
                                            (ii).'';
                (2) in subparagraph (D), by adding at the end the
            following:
                                ``(iv) Marketability deadline.--Any new
                            policy, plan of insurance, or other material
                            approved by the Board under this subsection
                            during a reinsurance year and after the
                            Standard Reinsurance Agreement closing date of
                            July 1 shall not be implemented for such
                            reinsurance year unless at least 90 days prior
                            to the sales closing date for such policy, plan
                            of insurance, or other material, the Board
                            makes available to the approved insurance
                            providers all necessary, as determined by the
                            Board, handbooks, training materials, and other
                            resources associated with such policy, plan of
                            insurance, or other material.''; and
                (3) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(F) Marketability determination.--
                                ``(i) Submission to the board.--Prior to
                            the approval of a product, any approved
                            insurance provider that submitted a letter of
                            support for the product shall provide
                            information and analysis to the Board on the
                            marketability of such product.
                                ``(ii) Deemed marketable.--In reviewing a
                            policy, plan of insurance, or other material
                            submitted to the Board under this subsection,
                            such product shall be deemed marketable in
                            accordance with paragraph (3)(A)(ii)(I) if at
                            least one approved insurance provider, in its
                            submission pursuant to clause (i), expresses
                            support for such policy, plan, or material.
                                ``(iii) Evaluation by the board.--In
                            evaluating whether a product is marketable in
                            accordance with paragraph (3)(A)(ii)(I), the
                            Board shall take into consideration any
                            information and analysis submitted pursuant to
                            clause (ii).
                                ``(iv) AIP participation.--The Board shall
                            not require the submission of a letter of
                            support from an approved insurance provider in
                            order to review and approve any policy, plan of
                            insurance, or other material submitted pursuant
                            to this subsection.''.

    SEC. 11009. REIMBURSEMENT RATES FOR ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATING COSTS.

        Section 508(k)(4) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C.
    1508(k)(4)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking
                    ``not exceed'';
                        (B) in clause (i)--
                                (i) by inserting ``not exceed'' before
                            ``for the''; and
                                (ii) by striking ``and'' after the
                            semicolon;
                        (C) in clause (ii)--
                                (i) by striking ``and subsequent'' and
                            inserting ``through 2026'';
                                (ii) by inserting ``not exceed'' before
                            ``for each''; and
                                (iii) by striking the period and inserting
                            ``; and''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iii) for each of the 2027 and subsequent
                            reinsurance years, be determined in accordance
                            with subparagraph (F).''; and
                (2) by amending subparagraph (F) to read as follows:
                        ``(F) Reimbursement rates for reinsurance year 2027
                    and subsequent reinsurance years.--Notwithstanding
                    subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (E), for each of the
                    2027 and subsequent reinsurance years, the rate
                    established by the Board to reimburse approved
                    insurance providers and agents for the administrative
                    and operating costs of the providers and agents with
                    respect to each policy made available under this Act
                    shall be equal to the rate applicable to the policy in
                    effect for the 2026 reinsurance year.''.

    SEC. 11010. QUALITY LOSS ADJUSTMENT COVERAGE.

        Section 508(m)(3) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C.
    1508(m)(3)) is amended--
                (1) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the
            following:
                        ``(A) Periodic review.--Beginning in calendar year
                    2027 and once every 5 years thereafter, the Corporation
                    shall contract with a qualified person to conduct a
                    review, which shall be completed within 1 year of
                    initiation, of the quality loss adjustment procedures
                    of the Corporation.'';
                (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``Effective beginning
            not later than the 2004 reinsurance year, based on the review,
            the Corporation'' and inserting ``Based on each review
            conducted under subparagraph (A), the Corporation'';
                (3) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C);
                (4) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
                        ``(B) Stakeholder engagement.--Each review under
                    subparagraph (A) shall include engagement from
                    regionally diverse industry stakeholders for each
                    agricultural commodity for which a quality loss
                    adjustment is offered.''; and
                (5) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(D) Report.--On the completion of each review
                    under subparagraph (A), the Corporation shall submit to
                    the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
                    of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the
                    House of Representatives a report that describes--
                                ``(i) the findings from that review;
                                ``(ii) the changes to the quality loss
                            adjustment procedures;
                                ``(iii) the stakeholder engagement for that
                            review conducted pursuant to subparagraph (B);
                            and
                                ``(iv) plans for establishing specific
                            quality loss adjustment procedures for unique
                            regions, as determined by the Secretary.''.

    SEC. 11011. PILOT PROGRAM TO REVIEW EFFECTIVENESS OF COVERAGE PENALTY.

        The Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) is further
    amended by inserting after section 508D the following:

    ``SEC. 508E. PILOT PROGRAM TO REVIEW EFFECTIVENESS OF COVERAGE PENALTY.

        ``(a) In General.--Effective beginning with the 2027 crop year, the
    Risk Management Agency and the Corporation shall establish a pilot
    program to evaluate the effectiveness of the reduction in benefits
    applied to corn and other crops, as determined by the Corporation,
    planted during the late planting period (as defined in section 457.8 of
    title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulation)).
        ``(b) Location and Duration of Pilot.--The pilot program
    established under subsection (a) shall--
                ``(1) be conducted in not less than 10 counties located
            within or adjacent to the North Plains Groundwater Conservation
            District or the Panhandle Groundwater Conservation District in
            the State of Texas; and
                ``(2) operate for a period of not less than 4 crop years.
        ``(c) Evaluation.--In carrying out the pilot program established
    under subsection (a), the Risk Management Agency and the Corporation
    shall--
                ``(1) suspend any reduction to the insurance guarantee
            applied to an insurance policy for a crop that is planted
            during the late planting period;
                ``(2) gather and analyze data to determine if the number of
            days beyond the final plant date in which a crop was planted
            during the late planting period correlates with a decrease in
            crop yields; and
                ``(3) determine if planting a crop after the final plant
            date results in reduced usage of irrigation from the Ogallala
            Aquifer.
        ``(d) Report Required.--Not later than 90 days after the last day
    of crop year 2031, the Risk Management Agency and the Corporation shall
    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Agriculture, Forestry, and Nutrition of the Senate
    a report that includes--
                ``(1) a summary of the results of the pilot program
            established under subsection (a);
                ``(2) an analysis of the correlation between planting date
            and final yields; and
                ``(3) any changes to existing policies that the Corporation
            intends to make as a result of the information obtained during
            the pilot program.
        ``(e) Partnerships.--Of the amounts made available in section
    522(e)(2)(A)(ii), the Corporation may use not more than $200,000 to
    enter into a partnership or cooperative agreement with a nonprofit
    organization, State agency, or public university that is familiar with
    agricultural production in the region described in subsection (b)(1) to
    conduct the research and evaluation required under paragraphs (2) and
    (3) of subsection (c).''.

    SEC. 11012. WHOLE FARM IMPROVEMENTS.

        Section 522(c)(7)(E) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C.
    1522(c)(7)(E)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(iii) Additional review.--Not later than
                            12 months after the date of enactment of this
                            clause and annually thereafter, the Corporation
                            shall--
                                        ``(I) review any limitations on
                                    insurable revenue (including the
                                    overall limitation and limitations
                                    specific to animals, animal products,
                                    greenhouse and nursery, and
                                    aquaculture) to ensure such limitations
                                    are adequate to cover the financial
                                    risks associated with the production of
                                    high-value agricultural products; and
                                        ``(II) submit to the Committee on
                                    Agriculture of the House of
                                    Representatives and the Committee on
                                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of
                                    the Senate a report that includes a
                                    summary of the most recent review
                                    conducted and any expected changes to
                                    the policy for the following
                                    reinsurance year.''.

    SEC. 11013. PROGRAM COMPLIANCE AND INTEGRITY.

        Section 515(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1515(b))
    is amended--
                (1) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``, Response,
            and Final Determination'' after ``Notification'';
                (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``shall notify in
            writing'' and inserting ``shall, through an initial finding in
            writing, notify (unless such notification is pursuant to the
            responsibilities to conduct reviews and make corrections)'';
                (3) in paragraph (2)--
                        (A) in the heading, by striking ``Time for
                    notification'' and inserting ``Required timing'';
                        (B) by striking ``Notice'' and inserting the
                    following:
                        ``(A) Initial finding.--Notice''; and
                        (C) by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(B) Response.--During the 90-day period beginning
                    on the date the Corporation notifies an approved
                    insurance provider through an initial finding under
                    paragraph (1), such approved insurance provider may
                    appeal such initial finding in writing.
                        ``(C) Final finding.--Not later than 90 days after
                    the date on which an approved insurance provider
                    appeals pursuant to subparagraph (B), the Corporation
                    shall issue a final finding in writing to such approved
                    insurance provider.
                        ``(D) Request for final administrative
                    determination.--An approved insurance provider shall
                    have not more than 90 days after the receipt of the
                    Corporation's final finding under subparagraph (C) to
                    request, in writing, a final administrative
                    determination, if such approved insurance provider has
                    reason to believe that the Corporation's final finding
                    under subparagraph (C) is not in accordance with--
                                ``(i) the applicable laws, regulations,
                            custom, or practice of the crop insurance
                            industry; or
                                ``(ii) the approved policy and procedure of
                            the Corporation.
                        ``(E) Final determination.--The Corporation shall
                    have not more than 90 days after the receipt of a
                    request for a final administrative determination under
                    subparagraph (D) to provide such final administrative
                    determination, unless substantial new information, as
                    determined by the Corporation, is provided by the
                    approved insurance provider.
                        ``(F) Appeal to civilian board of contract
                    appeals.--An approved insurance provider shall have not
                    more than 90 days after receipt of a final
                    administrative determination provided pursuant to
                    subparagraph (E) to appeal such determination to the
                    Civilian Board of Contract Appeals.''; and
                (4) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
                ``(3) Effect of failure to timely notify.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in
                    subparagraph (B), failure of the Corporation to comply
                    with the requirements under paragraph (2) shall relieve
                    the approved insurance provider from the debt owed to
                    the Corporation.
                        ``(B) Exception.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply
                    to any matters referred to the Office of the Inspector
                    General or the Department of Justice.''.

    SEC. 11014. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES.

        (a) Expansion of Revenue Policies.--Section 522(c) of the Federal
    Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is amended by adding at the end
    the following:
                ``(20) Expansion of revenue policies.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out
                    research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or
                    more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to
                    carry out research and development, to expand the
                    availability of policies that provide coverage against
                    losses of revenue for--
                                ``(i) oilseeds, including camelina,
                            carinata, and pennycress;
                                ``(ii) alfalfa;
                                ``(iii) pulse crops (including dry edible
                            beans);
                                ``(iv) sugarbeets;
                                ``(v) sugarcane;
                                ``(vi) blueberries; and
                                ``(vii) other crops for which only
                            individual yield-based insurance policies are
                            available.
                        ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the
                    last sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section
                    508(a)(2), the Corporation shall make a policy
                    described in subparagraph (A) available if the
                    requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                        ``(C) Determination of projected price.--In
                    developing a policy described in subparagraph (A), the
                    Corporation may utilize alternative methods of
                    determining a projected price for a crop, including the
                    correlation of actual prices received for such crop to
                    the futures markets prices of other commodities.
                        ``(D) Pricing library.--In developing a policy
                    described in subparagraph (A), the Corporation shall
                    determine the feasibility of creating a pricing library
                    for agents and approved insurance providers using data
                    from alternative sources, as determined by the
                    Secretary.
                        ``(E) Discount factor.--For purposes of developing
                    a policy described in subparagraph (A), the Corporation
                    shall determine the feasibility of--
                                ``(i) establishing a State or regional
                            discount factor as an endorsement policy to
                            provide coverage against losses of revenue due
                            to quality discounts in soybeans; and
                                ``(ii) an alternative to applying the term
                            `zero-market value' in the case of an available
                            salvage market.
                        ``(F) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the
                    date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation
                    shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the
                    House of Representatives and the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
                    report that describes--
                                ``(i) the crops for which research and
                            development has been carried out under
                            subparagraph (A);
                                ``(ii) the results of the research and
                            development carried out under subparagraph (A);
                                ``(iii) any recommendations with respect to
                            those results; and
                                ``(iv) additional crops for which research
                            and development under this paragraph is planned
                            to be carried out.''.
        (b) Wine Grape Losses Due to Smoke Exposure.--Section 522(c) of the
    Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by
    adding at the end the following:
                ``(21) Wine grape losses due to smoke exposure.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    date of the enactment of this paragraph, the
                    Corporation shall carry out research and development,
                    or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or
                    more qualified persons to carry out research and
                    development, regarding a policy to insure wine grapes
                    (including wine grapes produced in the States of
                    California, Oregon, and Washington) against losses due
                    to wildfire smoke exposure.
                        ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the
                    last sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section
                    508(a)(2), not later than 18 months after the date of
                    the enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall
                    make available a policy described in subparagraph (A)
                    if the requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                        ``(C) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the
                    date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation
                    shall submit to the Committees on Appropriations and
                    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committees on Appropriations and Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
                    includes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research carried
                            out under subparagraph (A);
                                ``(ii) a description of the policies made
                            available under this paragraph; and
                                ``(iii) the feasibility of a product that
                            allows producers of wine grapes to claim an
                            indemnity through post-harvest, post-
                            vinification testing, if such testing
                            demonstrates smoke damage that was not
                            detectable prior to harvest.''.
        (c) Mushrooms.--Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7
    U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(22) Mushrooms.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out
                    research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or
                    more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to
                    carry out research and development, regarding a policy
                    to insure--
                                ``(i) the production of mushroom growing
                            media; and
                                ``(ii) the production of mushrooms.
                        ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the
                    second sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section
                    508(a)(2), the Corporation shall make a policy
                    described in subparagraph (A) available if the
                    requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                        ``(C) Research and development.--Research and
                    development described in subparagraph (A) shall
                    evaluate the effectiveness of policies described in
                    that subparagraph, including policies that--
                                ``(i) are based on the risk of--
                                        ``(I) pests, including mushroom
                                    phorid flies and sciarid flies;
                                        ``(II) fungal pathogens; and
                                        ``(III) viral pathogens;
                                ``(ii) consider other causes of loss
                            applicable to mushroom compost and mushroom
                            production, such as--
                                        ``(I) loss of electricity due to
                                    weather; and
                                        ``(II) loss of growing media due to
                                    excessive 5-year, 10-year, or 20-year
                                    rainfall events;
                                ``(iii) consider appropriate best practices
                            to minimize the risk of loss;
                                ``(iv) consider whether to provide coverage
                            for mushrooms under 1 policy or to provide
                            coverage for various phases of production;
                                ``(v) have streamlined reporting and
                            paperwork requirements that take into account
                            short propagation schedules, variable crop
                            years, and the variety of mushrooms that may be
                            produced in a single facility; and
                                ``(vi) provide protection for revenue
                            losses.
                        ``(D) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the
                    date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation
                    shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the
                    House of Representatives and the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
                    report that describes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research and
                            development carried out under subparagraph (A);
                            and
                                ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to
                            those results.''.
        (d) Study on Hurricane Insurance.--Section 522(c) of the Federal
    Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at
    the end the following:
                ``(23) Standalone policy for hurricanes and tropical
            storms.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out
                    research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or
                    more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to
                    conduct a study to determine the feasibility of
                    offering insurance against tropical storms and
                    hurricanes made available regardless of an underlying
                    crop insurance policy (or lack thereof).
                        ``(B) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
                    of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall
                    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
                    describes the results of the study conducted under
                    subparagraph (A).''.
        (e) Frost or Cold Weather Insurance.--Section 522(c) of the Federal
    Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at
    the end the following:
                ``(24) Frost or cold weather insurance.--
                        ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out
                    research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or
                    more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to
                    carry out research and development, regarding an index-
                    based policy to insure crops (including table grapes,
                    wine grapes, juice grapes, tomatoes, peppers,
                    sugarcane, strawberries, melons, citrus, peaches,
                    blueberries, and any other crop) on a nationally
                    available basis against losses due to a frost or cold
                    weather event.
                        ``(B) Research and development.--Research and
                    development under subparagraph (A) shall--
                                ``(i) evaluate the effectiveness of risk
                            management tools, such as the use of an index,
                            with respect to low frequency and catastrophic
                            loss weather events; and
                                ``(ii) result in a policy that provides
                            protection for at least 1 of the following:
                                        ``(I) Production loss.
                                        ``(II) Revenue loss.
                        ``(C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
                    of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall
                    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
                    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
                    describes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research and
                            development carried out under subparagraph (A);
                            and
                                ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to
                            those results.''.
        (f) Study of Inclusion of Certain Oilseed Crops Under Double and
    Rotational Cropping Policies.--Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop
    Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at the
    end the following:
                ``(25) Double cropping and rotational cropping of certain
            oilseed crops.--
                        ``(A) Definition of covered oilseed crops.--In this
                    paragraph, the term `covered oilseed crops' means
                    rapeseed, canola, camelina, and other oilseed crops, as
                    determined by the Corporation.
                        ``(B) Research and development.--The Corporation
                    shall carry out research and development, or offer to
                    enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified
                    persons to carry out research and development, with
                    respect to insurance policies for covered oilseed crops
                    under double cropping and rotational cropping
                    practices.
                        ``(C) Requirements.--The research and development
                    carried out pursuant to subparagraph (B) shall be
                    conducted in consultation with stakeholders to
                    evaluate--
                                ``(i) the factors impacting availability
                            and cost of crop insurance when incorporating
                            covered oilseed crops into double cropping and
                            rotational cropping policies; and
                                ``(ii) the potential risk management
                            benefits associated with incorporating covered
                            oilseed crops into double cropping and
                            rotational cropping policies, specifically with
                            respect to winter-planted covered oilseed
                            crops, including risk management benefits to
                            soil health, biodiversity, and the
                            profitability of farming operations.
                        ``(D) Emphasis.--In awarding contracts under
                    subparagraph (B), the Corporation may give priority to
                    awarding contracts to qualified persons that--
                                ``(i) have previous research experience
                            with covered oilseed crops; and
                                ``(ii) have access to a facility with the
                            capacity to carry out the applicable research.
                        ``(E) Report.--Not later than 13 months after the
                    date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation
                    shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the
                    House of Representatives and the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
                    report that describes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research and
                            development carried out under subparagraph (B);
                            and
                                ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to
                            those results.''.
        (g) Harvest Incentives.--Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop
    Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at the
    end the following:
                ``(26) Harvest incentives.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    date of the enactment of this paragraph, the
                    Corporation shall carry out research and development,
                    or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or
                    more qualified persons to carry out research and
                    development, regarding harvest incentives for policies
                    that provide coverage against losses of revenue.
                        ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the
                    last sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section
                    508(a)(2), not later than 24 months after the date of
                    the enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall
                    make available a policy described in subparagraph (A)
                    if the requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                        ``(C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
                    of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall
                    submit to the Committees on Appropriations and
                    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committees on Appropriations and Agriculture,
                    Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
                    includes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research carried
                            out under subparagraph (A); and
                                ``(ii) a description of the policies made
                            available under this paragraph.''.
        (h) Prevented Planting.--Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop
    Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at the
    end the following:
                ``(27) Prevented planting.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the
                    date of the enactment of this paragraph, the
                    Corporation shall carry out research and development,
                    or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or
                    more qualified persons to carry out research and
                    development, regarding prevented planting coverage for
                    insurance policies for specialty crops that are not
                    planted on a perennial basis.
                        ``(B) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the
                    date of the enactment of this paragraph, the
                    Corporation shall submit to the Committee on
                    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of
                    the Senate a report that includes--
                                ``(i) the results of the research carried
                            out under subparagraph (A); and
                                ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to
                            those results.''.
        (i) Policy for Swine Producers for Catastrophic Events.--Section
    522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further
    amended by adding at the end the following:
                ``(28) Policy for swine producers for catastrophic
            events.--
                        ``(A) In general.--For purposes of updating any
                    conclusions contained in the final report for the study
                    on swine catastrophic disease published by the Risk
                    Management Agency in 2015, the Corporation shall carry
                    out research and development, or offer to enter into 1
                    or more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to
                    carry out research and development, regarding a policy
                    to insure swine producers with respect to financial
                    losses due to a catastrophic event.
                        ``(B) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date
                    of the enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation
                    shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the
                    House of Representatives and the Committee on
                    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a
                    report that describes the results of the research and
                    development carried out under subparagraph (A).''.

    SEC. 11015. REPORT ON STANDARD REINSURANCE AGREEMENT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
    enactment of this section, the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation shall
    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate
    a report on the Standard Reinsurance Agreement that includes an
    analysis of any modifications to such Agreement that are necessary to
    expand the availability of policies and plans of insurance that meet
    the risk management needs of agricultural producers, States, regions,
    and commodities.
        (b) Contents.--The analysis required under subsection (a) shall--
                (1) take into account the requirements under section
            508(k)(8)(F) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C.
            1508(k)(8)(F)) related to budget neutrality of the Standard
            Reinsurance Agreement; and
                (2) include an analysis of--
                        (A) any benefit related to establishing--
                                (i) at least one additional reinsurance
                            fund for States that have experienced
                            consistently high loss ratios; and
                                (ii) at least one additional reinsurance
                            fund to provide alternative risk-sharing terms
                            for approved insurance providers that sell
                            insurance contracts offering area plan
                            coverage;
                        (B) with respect to any funds reimbursed for
                    administrative and operating costs under section 507(c)
                    of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1507(c)),
                    the best method for ensuring that approved insurance
                    providers obligate such funds for--
                                (i) the delivery of risk management tools
                            to producers; and
                                (ii) agent workforce assistance for
                            producers, in an amount that is not less than
                            the historical percentage of such
                            reimbursement; and
                        (C) with respect to each policy and plan of
                    insurance, compensation amounts for agents that--
                                (i) are consistent with historical norms;
                            and
                                (ii) provide a reasonable return
                            considering workload and the critical service
                            across programs that the agents provide.
        (c) Consultation.--In carrying out the analysis required under
    subsection (a), the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation shall consult
    with--
                (1) representatives of producers--
                        (A) from each State and region; and
                        (B) with respect to each commodity;
                (2) representatives of agents and approved insurance
            providers;
                (3) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
            Representatives; and
                (4) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
            of the Senate.

    SEC. 11016. HURRICANE INSURANCE PROTECTION-WIND INDEX REPORT.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
    enactment of this section, the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation shall
    submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives
    and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate
    a report on the hurricane insurance protection-wind index that includes
    an analysis of any events in the 5-year period preceding the date of
    the enactment of this section that caused an outage of a weather radio
    station operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
    Administration.
        (b) Contents.--The analysis required under subsection (a) shall
    include--
                (1) data on events where a producer lost crop insurance
            coverage as a result of an outage of a weather radio station
            operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
            that occurred during the period described in subsection (a) and
            the cause of such outage; and
                (2) a contingency plan that evaluates the feasibility of
            obtaining data from land-grant colleges and universities (as
            defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research,
            Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) or
            other third-party sources, as determined by the Secretary.
        (c) Consultation.--In carrying out the analysis required under
    subsection (a), the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation shall consult
    with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
    Administration.

    SEC. 11017. RISK MANAGEMENT STUDY FOR LAMB.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary shall conduct a study that includes
    an analysis of any modifications to existing livestock protection and
    risk management programs that may enhance risk management protection to
    domestic lamb producers.
        (b) Content.--In conducting the study under this section, the
    Secretary shall take into account the various factors affecting risk
    management, including--
                (1) market access;
                (2) sources of feed;
                (3) costs of, and fluctuation of costs of, feed;
                (4) imports;
                (5) consumer demand and trends;
                (6) labor costs; and
                (7) availability and accuracy of market data.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on the
    findings of the study under this section.
        (d) Definition.--In this section, the term ``existing livestock
    protection and risk management programs'' includes--
                (1) dairy margin coverage;
                (2) livestock risk protection; and
                (3) any other program designed to protect producers from
            market volatility, as determined by the Secretary.

    SEC. 11018. STUDY ON LIVESTOCK RISK PROTECTION POLICY WITH RESPECT TO
                  PRODUCERS OF FEEDER CATTLE AFFECTED BY ADVERSE WEATHER
                  EVENTS.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary shall conduct a study on potential
    modifications to the livestock risk protection policy offered under
    section 523(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1523(b)) to
    improve the flexibility of such policy with respect to producers of
    feeder cattle affected by adverse weather events, as determined by the
    Secretary, including drought and wildfires.
        (b) Contents.--In conducting the study under this section, the
    Secretary shall, with respect to producers of feeder cattle, evaluate--
                (1) any impact drought, wildfire, and other adverse weather
            events have on decisions made by such producers related to the
            marketing of feeder cattle;
                (2) in the case an adverse weather event occurs more than
            60 days prior to the end date of a specific coverage
            endorsement under the livestock risk protection policy
            described in subsection (a), whether the requirements or
            endorsement structures of such policy (as in effect on the date
            of enactment of this section) cause such producers not to
            market feeder cattle so as to avoid a penalty under such
            policy;
                (3) any option to provide additional flexibility or an
            exemption to such producers that market feeder cattle more than
            60 days prior to such end date due to an adverse weather event;
            and
                (4) any other recommendation to improve the effectiveness
            of such policy for such producers.
        (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
    this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing
    the findings of the study.

                      TITLE XII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

                    Subtitle A--Livestock and Other Animals

                      PART I--ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION

    SEC. 12001. ANIMAL DISEASE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT.

        (a) NADPRP Program Activities.--Section 10409A(b)(2) of the Animal
    Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8308A(b)(2)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (F)--
                        (A) by striking ``including training additional
                    emergency response personnel.'' and inserting the
                    following: ``including--
                                ``(i) training additional emergency
                            response personnel; and''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                                ``(ii) improving animal disease
                            traceability.''; and
                (2) in subparagraph (I), by inserting before the period at
            the end the following: ``, including activities approved by the
            Secretary as of the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food,
            and National Security Act of 2026''.
        (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--
                (1) National animal health laboratory.--Section
            10409A(d)(2)(A) of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C.
            8308a(d)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023''
            and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.
                (2) National animal disease preparedness and response
            program; national animal vaccine and veterinary countermeasures
            bank.--Section 10409A(d)(2)(B) of the Animal Health Protection
            Act (7 U.S.C. 8308a(d)(2)(B)) is amended by striking ``2019
            through 2023'' and inserting ``2027 through 2031''.
                (3) Administrative costs.--Section 10409A(d)(3)(B) of the
            Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8308a(d)(3)(B)) is
            amended--
                        (A) by striking ``carry out the National Animal
                    Disease Preparedness and Response Program under
                    subsection (b)'' and inserting ``carry out the National
                    Animal Health Laboratory Network under subsection (a)
                    and the National Animal Disease Preparedness and
                    Response Program under subsection (b)''; and
                        (B) by striking ``10 percent'' and inserting ``15
                    percent''.
                (4) Availability and purpose of funding.--Section
            10409A(e)(1) of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C.
            8308a(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and
            inserting ``2027 through 2031''.

    SEC. 12002. CATTLE FEVER TICK ERADICATION PROGRAM REVIEW AND REPORT.

        (a) Program Review.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
            the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall offer to
            enter into a contract with a covered institution under which
            the covered institution shall conduct a review of the Program.
                (2) Review elements.--The review conducted pursuant to
            paragraph (1) shall include an evaluation of--
                        (A) the effectiveness of the Program with respect
                    to preventing and reducing the spread of tick-borne
                    illnesses in cattle, including a review of places from
                    which the cattle fever tick has been eradicated and the
                    resulting economic impact;
                        (B) with respect to cattle producers--
                                (i) the benefits of the Program; and
                                (ii) the burden of compliance with the
                            Program;
                        (C) the treatment protocols developed and
                    implemented under the Program; and
                        (D) the Federal and State funds allocated to
                    support the Program for the most recent fiscal year,
                    including the funds allocated to each research project
                    associated with the Program.
        (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the
    Secretary and a covered institution enter into a contract pursuant to
    subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that
    includes--
                (1) the results of the review conducted pursuant to
            subsection (a); and
                (2) recommendations for improvements to the Program,
            including recommendations for reducing the burden of compliance
            with the Program with respect to cattle producers.
        (c) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered institution.--The term ``covered institution''
            means--
                        (A) a land-grant college or university (as defined
                    in section 1404(13) of the National Agricultural
                    Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7
                    U.S.C. 3103(13))); or
                        (B) a non-land-grant college of agriculture (as
                    defined in section 1404(14) of the National
                    Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy
                    Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103(14))).
                (2) Program.--The term ``Program'' means the Cattle Fever
            Tick Eradication Program carried out by the Animal and Plant
            Health Inspection Service of the Department in coordination
            with the Texas Animal Health Commission.
        (d) Funding.--The Secretary shall use funds made available for the
    agricultural and food policy research centers under section 1419A of
    the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act
    of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3155) to carry out this section.

    SEC. 12003. ADDITIONAL TRAINING FACILITIES FOR NATIONAL DETECTOR DOG
                  TRAINING CENTER.

        The Beagle Brigade Act of 2023 (Public Law 118-191) is amended by
    adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 4. ADDITIONAL TRAINING FACILITIES.

        ``(a) In General.--In addition to the Center established under
    section 2(a), the Secretary may--
                ``(1) establish other dog training facilities, which shall
            have the same duties as are specified in section 2(b) for the
            Center; and
                ``(2) enter into a cooperative agreement with the
            department of agriculture of a State (or political subdivision
            thereof) to establish an off-site training program for the
            purpose of providing training and technical assistance in the
            training of dogs, as described in section 2(b).
        ``(b) Considerations.--When determining the need for additional
    training facilities under subsection (a), the Secretary shall
    consider--
                ``(1) the location of international ports of entry;
                ``(2) the volume of international passengers and cargo; and
                ``(3) regional agricultural production trends and
            associated pest and disease threats.''.

    SEC. 12004. REGIONALIZATION, ZONING, AND COMPARTMENTALIZATION
                  AGREEMENTS.

        (a) In General.--Section 10405 of the Animal Health Protection Act
    (7 U.S.C. 8304) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
                (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
        ``(d) Engagement With Key Export Markets.--To reduce the impact of
    animal disease outbreaks on United States exports, the Secretary,
    acting through the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health
    Inspection Service, the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and
    Foreign Agricultural Affairs, and the Administrator of the Food Safety
    and Inspection Service, in consultation with the United States Trade
    Representative, is authorized to negotiate in advance, to the extent
    practicable, regionalization, zoning, compartmentalization, and other
    agreements regarding outbreaks of known animal disease threats of trade
    significance with the governments of countries with export markets for
    livestock animals or animal products from the United States.''.
        (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be
    construed--
                (1) to limit the ability of the United States Trade
            Representative to negotiate trade agreements; or
                (2) to require the United States Trade Representative to
            condition other trade agreements on the inclusion of language
            relating to reducing the impact of animal disease outbreaks on
            United States exports, as described in subsection (d) of
            section 10405 of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C.
            8304) (as inserted by subsection (a)(2)).

    SEC. 12005. IMPORTATION OF LIVE DOGS.

        (a) In General.--The Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8301 et
    seq.) is amended by inserting after section 10404 (7 U.S.C. 8303) the
    following:

    ``SEC. 10404A. IMPORTATION OF LIVE DOGS.

        ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Compensation.--The term `compensation' means any act,
            consideration, or thing of value received by a person directly,
            including cash or noncash benefits, cost-avoidance, obtaining
            positive or avoiding negative publicity, an exchange of
            services, or maintaining a license issued under any local,
            State, or Federal government authority.
                ``(2) Importer.--The term `importer' means any person who
            transports or causes the transportation of a dog into the
            United States from a foreign country.
                ``(3) Import transporter.--The term `import transporter'
            means any person or entity that--
                        ``(A) receives an imported dog from any importer,
                    dealer, research facility, exhibitor, operator of an
                    auction sale, or department, agency, or instrumentality
                    of the United States or of any State or local
                    government; and
                        ``(B) receives compensation for moving such dog in
                    commerce.
                ``(4) Transfer.--The term `transfer' means a change of
            ownership or control of an imported dog to another person,
            including by sale, adoption, exchange, or donation.
        ``(b) Requirements.--
                ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), no
            person shall import a dog into the United States unless prior
            to transport to the United States, the Secretary receives
            electronic documentation necessary, as determined by the
            Secretary, to demonstrate that the dog--
                        ``(A) is in good health;
                        ``(B) has received all necessary vaccinations and
                    internal and external parasite treatment, and
                    demonstrated negative test results, as required by the
                    Secretary and evidenced by a certificate that--
                                ``(i) is issued by a licensed veterinarian
                            accredited by a competent veterinary authority
                            recognized by the Secretary; and
                                ``(ii) is endorsed by that authority in a
                            manner representing that the veterinarian
                            issuing the certificate was authorized to do
                            so;
                        ``(C) is officially identified by a permanent
                    method approved by the Secretary; and
                        ``(D) in the case that the dog is intended for
                    transfer--
                                ``(i) is at least 6 months old; and
                                ``(ii) is accompanied by an import permit
                            issued by the Secretary under this Act.
                ``(2) Exceptions.--The Secretary, by regulation, shall
            provide an exception to any requirement under this Act in any
            case in which a dog is imported for purposes of transfer--
                        ``(A) as a personal pet of United States origin
                    returning to the United States;
                        ``(B) as a United States military working dog or
                    contracted working dog supporting a military mission or
                    tasking;
                        ``(C) for research purposes;
                        ``(D) for veterinary treatment which is paid for by
                    the importer, subject to the condition that the dog--
                                ``(i) is taken directly to a veterinary
                            facility for treatment with appropriate
                            quarantine until the dog meets the criteria
                            described in paragraph (1); and
                                ``(ii) is then exported to its country of
                            origin; or
                        ``(E) in the case of a dog that is less than 6
                    months old, for lawful importation into the State of
                    Hawaii from the British Isles, Australia, Guam, or New
                    Zealand in compliance with the regulations of the State
                    of Hawaii and the other requirements of this section,
                    if the dog is not transported out of the State of
                    Hawaii for transfer at less than 6 months of age.
        ``(c) Implementation and Regulations.--Not later than 18 months
    after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security
    Act of 2026, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of
    Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of
    Homeland Security, and the Secretary of Transportation, shall
    promulgate such regulations as the Secretary determines necessary to
    implement and enforce this section, including regulations--
                ``(1) to facilitate electronic submission and interagency
            sharing of all documentation required prior to the importation
            of a dog into the United States under subsection (b)(1);
                ``(2) to establish any necessary post-arrival verification
            processes for imported dogs;
                ``(3) to ensure the denial of entry into the United States
            of any dog attempted to be imported into the United States in
            violation of subsection (b)(1);
                ``(4) to provide that each importer, import transporter,
            intermediate handler, or carrier receiving a certificate of
            veterinary inspection required under this section shall submit
            a copy of the certificate to the Secretary, who shall, upon
            receipt--
                        ``(A) record and maintain the information in a
                    centralized database; and
                        ``(B) upon request by a State veterinarian, share
                    the information with such State veterinarian not later
                    than 3 days after such request is received by the
                    Secretary;
                ``(5) to require the Secretary to annually aggregate and
            publicly report the data submitted under paragraph (4),
            including information on the countries of origin of the
            imported dogs and the purposes for the importation of such
            dogs; and
                ``(6) to determine and establish such fees for the
            verification of documentation and issuance of permits required
            under subsection (b)(1) as may be necessary to fund the
            implementation and enforcement of this section.
        ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (c)(5) shall be
    construed as limiting the availability of funding made available under
    section 10417 to carry out this section.
        ``(e) Enforcement.--
                ``(1) Authority.--The Secretary shall have the authority
            granted under section 10414 to enforce this section.
                ``(2) Penalties.--An importer or import transporter that
            fails to comply with this section shall--
                        ``(A) be subject to penalties under section 10414;
                    and
                        ``(B) provide, as the Secretary may determine, at
                    the expense of the importer or import transporter,
                    for--
                                ``(i) the care (including appropriate
                            veterinary care), forfeiture, quarantine, and
                            removal from the United States of each
                            applicable dog; and
                                ``(ii) the return of each applicable dog to
                            its place of export, with due care for the
                            welfare of each applicable dog.''.
        (b) Transition Period.--
                (1) In general.--During the transition period, regulations
            promulgated under section 18 of the Animal Welfare Act (7
            U.S.C. 2148) (as in effect on the day before the date of
            enactment of this Act) shall continue to apply to the extent
            that such regulations do not conflict with section 10404A of
            the Animal Health Protection Act (as inserted by subsection
            (a)).
                (2) Transition period defined.--In this subsection, the
            term ``transition period'' means the period beginning on the
            date of enactment of this Act and ending on the date on which
            final regulations are promulgated under such section 10404A.
        (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 18 of the Animal Welfare Act (7
    U.S.C. 2148) is repealed.

    SEC. 12006. ENSURING THE FREE MOVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK-DERIVED PRODUCTS IN
                  INTERSTATE COMMERCE.

        (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to--
                (1) protect the free movement in interstate commerce of
            products derived from covered livestock;
                (2) encourage a national market of such products;
                (3) ensure that producers of covered livestock are not
            subject to a patchwork of State laws restricting access to a
            national market; and
                (4) ensure that the United States continues to uphold its
            international trade obligations.
        (b) In General.--Producers of covered livestock have a Federal
    right to raise and market their covered livestock in interstate
    commerce and therefore no State or subdivision thereof may enact or
    enforce, directly or indirectly, a condition or standard on the
    production of covered livestock other than for covered livestock
    physically raised in such State or subdivision.
        (c) Protecting Interstate Commerce.--Producers of covered livestock
    have a Federal right to raise and market their covered livestock in
    interstate commerce and therefore no State or subdivision thereof may
    enact or enforce, directly or indirectly, as a condition for sale or
    consumption, any condition or standard of production on products
    derived from covered livestock not physically raised in such State or
    subdivision that is in addition to, or different from, the conditions
    or standards of production in the State in which the production occurs.
        (d) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Covered livestock.--The term ``covered livestock''--
                        (A) means any domestic animal raised for the
                    purpose of--
                                (i) slaughter for human consumption; or
                                (ii) producing products manufactured for
                            human consumption which are derived from the
                            processing of milk, including fluid milk
                            products; and
                        (B) does not include domestic animals raised for
                    the primary purpose of egg production.
                (2) Production.--The term ``production''--
                        (A) means the raising (including breeding) of
                    covered livestock; and
                        (B) does not include the movement, harvesting, or
                    further processing of covered livestock.

    SEC. 12007. REPORT ON SUPPORT FOR LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS
                  DURING A FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASE OUTBREAK.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
    Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on the
    Department's preparedness to support livestock producers and poultry
    growers facing economic losses in the event of an outbreak of a foreign
    animal disease.
        (b) Contents.--The report submitted under subsection (a) shall
    include, with respect to the Department's ability to protect producers
    and growers from significant economic losses as a result of a foreign
    animal disease--
                (1) an assessment of--
                        (A) existing Federal programs, including
                    catastrophic risk management tools, indemnity, direct
                    payments, biosecurity assistance, and herd buyouts; and
                        (B) the Department's capacity to utilize such
                    programs to provide benefits to producers and growers
                    experiencing economic losses as a result of having to
                    sell livestock and poultry at a reduced price, having
                    to quarantine, treat, destroy, or dispose of animals,
                    having to implement additional biosecurity measures or
                    as a result of catastrophic market conditions;
                (2) a determination of gaps that exist in the Department's
            ability to provide economic support for producers and growers
            suffering such losses; and
                (3) recommendations of the Secretary for modifications to
            Federal law (including regulations) relating to protecting
            producers and growers from significant economic losses related
            to a foreign animal disease outbreak.
        (c) Provision of Information.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, for purposes of facilitating the
            preparation of the report submitted under subsection (a), the
            relevant Department officials described in paragraph (2) shall
            inform the Secretary of the information described in subsection
            (b).
                (2) Relevant department officials described.--The relevant
            Department officials described in this paragraph are the
            following:
                        (A) The Under Secretary for Farm Production and
                    Conservation.
                        (B) The Under Secretary for Food, Nutrition, and
                    Consumer Services.
                        (C) The Under Secretary for Rural Development.
                        (D) The Under Secretary for Food Safety.
                        (E) The Under Secretary for Marketing and
                    Regulatory Programs.
                        (F) The Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign
                    Agricultural Affairs.
                        (G) Other officials, as specified by the Secretary.

    SEC. 12008. PROTECTION OF GREYHOUNDS.

        (a) In General.--The Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.) is
    amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``SEC. 30. PROTECTION OF GREYHOUNDS.

        ``(a) In General.--It shall be unlawful--
                ``(1) for any person to knowingly engage in commercial
            greyhound racing, live lure training, or open field coursing
            events in which any greyhound is moved in interstate or foreign
            commerce;
                ``(2) to conduct any commercial greyhound racing or racing
            meeting where any form of betting or wagering on the speed or
            ability of greyhounds occurs;
                ``(3) to conduct open field coursing or live lure training
            with the use of any bait that is not an inanimate object;
                ``(4) to engage in or facilitate simulcast betting or
            wagering on greyhound races in interstate or foreign commerce;
            and
                ``(5) for any person to knowingly sell, buy, possess,
            train, transport, deliver, or receive any greyhound for
            purposes of having the greyhound participate in commercial
            greyhound racing, live lure training, or open field coursing
            events.
        ``(b) Investigations.--The Secretary, or any other person
    authorized by the Secretary, shall make such investigations as the
    Secretary determines necessary to determine whether any person has
    violated or is violating any provision of this section. The Secretary
    may obtain the assistance of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the
    Department of the Treasury, or other law enforcement agencies of the
    United States, and State and local governmental agencies, in the
    conduct of such investigations, under cooperative agreements with such
    agencies.
        ``(c) Penalties.--Any person who violates any of paragraphs (1)
    through (5) of subsection (a) shall be fined under this Act, imprisoned
    for not more than 7 years, or both, for each such violation. Each
    instance of a violation of any such paragraph shall be considered a
    single violation.
        ``(d) Definitions.--In this section:
                ``(1) Commercial greyhound racing.--The term `commercial
            greyhound racing' means any event involving the participation
            of greyhounds in which betting or wagering on the speed or
            ability of such greyhounds occurs.
                ``(2) Simulcast.--The term `simulcast' means the
            simultaneous audio or visual transmission from one location of
            foreign or domestic greyhound races taking place at a different
            location and gambling on the results of such races.''.
        (b) Definition of Animal.--Section 2(g) of the Animal Welfare Act
    (7 U.S.C. 2132(g)) is amended by inserting ``hare,'' after ``rabbit,''.
        (c) Applicability.--The amendments made by this section shall apply
    with respect to conduct occurring on or after October 1, 2027.
        (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section, or the
    amendments made by this section, shall be construed--
                (1) to preempt any State law prohibiting gambling or
            protecting the welfare of animals, including greyhounds,
            jackrabbits, and hares; or
                (2) to alter, limit, or extend the relationship between the
            Interstate Horseracing Act of 1978 (15 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.) as
            it relates to horse racing and other Federal laws in effect on
            the date of enactment of this Act.

    SEC. 12009. ANIMAL FIGHTING.

        Section 26 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2156) is amended--
                (1) by striking the section designation and all that
            follows through ``It shall be unlawful'' in subsection (a)(2)
            and inserting the following:

    ``SEC. 26. SPONSORING OR EXHIBITING AN ANIMAL IN, ATTENDING, CAUSING AN
                  INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS NOT ATTAINED THE AGE OF 16 TO ATTEND,
                  OR GAMBLING ON, AN ANIMAL FIGHTING VENTURE.

        ``(a) Sponsoring or Exhibiting.--
                ``(1) In general.--It shall be unlawful for any person to
            knowingly sponsor or exhibit an animal in an animal fighting
            venture.
                ``(2) Attending or causing an individual who has not
            attained the age of 16 to attend.--It shall be unlawful''; and
                (2) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
                ``(3) Animal venture gambling.--It shall be unlawful for
            any person to gamble on an animal fighting venture, including
            an in-person or broadcast event.''.

              PART II--MEAT AND POULTRY PROCESSING AND INSPECTION

    SEC. 12111. AMPLIFYING PROCESSING OF LIVESTOCK IN THE UNITED STATES (A-
                  PLUS).

        (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall revise section 201.67 of title 9, Code
    of Federal Regulations, as in effect on January 1, 2024, to specify
    that--
                (1) market agencies may have an ownership interest in,
            finance, or participate in the management or operation of, a
            packer, so long as such packer--
                        (A) with respect to cattle and sheep, has a
                    cumulative slaughter capacity of less than--
                                (i) 2,000 animals per day; or
                                (ii) 700,000 animals per year; and
                        (B) with respect to hogs, has a cumulative
                    slaughter capacity of less than--
                                (i) 10,000 animals per day; or
                                (ii) 3,000,000 animals per year; and
                (2) market agencies that have an ownership interest in,
            finance, or participate in the management or operation of, a
            packer shall disclose to sellers of livestock the existence of
            such ownership interest, financial relationship, or
            participation.
        (b) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section shall be interpreted
    as a limitation on the authority of the Secretary to adopt or enforce
    rules or regulations under the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7
    U.S.C. 181 et seq.) related to the protection of producers,
    competition, market integrity, or the prevention of conflicts of
    interest.

    SEC. 12112. HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT GUIDANCE AND
                  RESOURCES FOR SMALL AND VERY SMALL POULTRY AND MEAT
                  ESTABLISHMENTS.

        (a) Meat Establishments.--The Federal Meat Inspection Act is
    amended by inserting after section 25 (21 U.S.C. 625) the following:

    ``SEC. 26. SMALL AND VERY SMALL ESTABLISHMENT GUIDANCE AND RESOURCES.

        ``(a) Studies; Model Plans.--Not later than 18 months after the
    date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall, to the
    maximum extent practicable, make publicly available--
                ``(1) a list of scientific studies (which the Secretary
            shall update as necessary) for use by small establishments and
            very small establishments in developing a Hazard Analysis and
            Critical Control Points plan;
                ``(2) guidelines relating to best practices and techniques
            by small establishments and very small establishments in the
            production of raw or further processed meat and meat food
            products; and
                ``(3) scale-appropriate model Hazard Analysis and Critical
            Control Points plans for small establishments and very small
            establishments, including model plans for--
                        ``(A) slaughter-only establishments;
                        ``(B) processing-only establishments; and
                        ``(C) slaughter and processing establishments.
        ``(b) Guidance.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this section, the Secretary shall publish a guidance document, after
    notice and an opportunity for public comment, providing information on
    the requirements that need to be met for small establishments and very
    small establishments to develop, pursuant to this Act, a Hazard
    Analysis and Critical Control Points plan.
        ``(c) Data Confidentiality.--In carrying out this section, the
    Secretary shall not publish confidential business information of any
    meat processing establishment, including a Hazard Analysis and Critical
    Control Points plan of a meat processing establishment.
        ``(d) Small Establishment and Very Small Establishment Defined.--In
    this section, the terms `small establishment' and `very small
    establishment' have the meanings given the terms `smaller
    establishment' and `very small establishment', respectively, in the
    final rule entitled `Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical
    Control Point (HACCP) Systems' (61 Fed. Reg. 38806 (July 25, 1996)) (or
    successor regulations).''.
        (b) Poultry Establishments.--The Poultry Products Inspection Act is
    amended by inserting after section 14 (21 U.S.C. 463) the following:

    ``SEC. 14A. SMALL AND VERY SMALL ESTABLISHMENT GUIDANCE AND RESOURCES.

        ``(a) Studies; Model Plans.--Not later than 18 months after the
    date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall, to the maximum
    extent practicable, make publicly available--
                ``(1) a list of scientific studies (which the Secretary
            shall update as necessary) for use by small establishments and
            very small establishments in developing a Hazard Analysis and
            Critical Control Points plan;
                ``(2) guidelines relating to best practices and techniques
            used by small establishments and very small establishments in
            the production of raw or further processed poultry products;
            and
                ``(3) scale-appropriate model Hazard Analysis and Critical
            Control Points plans for small establishments and very small
            establishments, including model plans for--
                        ``(A) slaughter-only establishments;
                        ``(B) processing-only establishments; and
                        ``(C) slaughter and processing establishments.
        ``(b) Guidance.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
    of this section, the Secretary shall publish a guidance document, after
    notice and an opportunity for public comment, providing information on
    the requirements that need to be met for small establishments and very
    small establishments to develop a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
    Points plan pursuant to this Act.
        ``(c) Data Confidentiality.--In carrying out this section, the
    Secretary shall not publish confidential business information of any
    poultry processing establishment, including a Hazard Analysis and
    Critical Control Points plan of a poultry processing establishment.
        ``(d) Small Establishment and Very Small Establishment Defined.--In
    this section, the terms `small establishment' and `very small
    establishment' have the meanings given the terms `smaller
    establishment' and `very small establishment', respectively, in the
    final rule entitled `Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical
    Control Point (HACCP) Systems' (61 Fed. Reg. 38806 (July 25, 1996)) (or
    successor regulations).''.

    SEC. 12113. OUTREACH ON COOPERATIVE INTERSTATE SHIPMENT.

        (a) Meat.--Section 501 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21
    U.S.C. 683) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(k) Federal Outreach.--In each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031,
    the Secretary shall conduct outreach to States that--
                ``(1) have a State meat inspection program in effect
            pursuant to section 301; and
                ``(2) do not have a selected establishment.''.
        (b) Poultry.--Section 31 of the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21
    U.S.C. 472) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(j) Federal Outreach.--In each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031,
    the Secretary shall conduct outreach to States that--
                ``(1) have a State poultry product inspection program in
            effect pursuant to section 5; and
                ``(2) do not have a selected establishment.''.
        (c) Report.--At the conclusion of each of fiscal years 2027 through
    2031, the Secretary shall submit a report detailing the activities and
    results of the outreach conducted during that fiscal year under
    subsection (k) of section 501 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21
    U.S.C. 683) and subsection (j) of section 31 of the Poultry Products
    Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 472), as added by subsections (a) and (b),
    to--
                (1) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
            Representatives;
                (2) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
            of the Senate;
                (3) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of
            Representatives; and
                (4) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

    SEC. 12114. PILOT PROGRAM TO SUPPORT CUSTOM SLAUGHTER ESTABLISHMENTS.

        (a) In General.--
                (1) State operated pilot program.--Upon the receipt of an
            application from a custom exempt facility and subject to the
            requirements specified in subsection (c), a State department of
            agriculture may operate a pilot program to allow such custom
            facility to sell slaughtered meat and meat food products
            (referred to in this section as ``meat products'') directly to
            consumers within the State in which the facility is located in
            accordance with the pilot program.
                (2) Lack of a state pilot program.--If a State department
            of agriculture does not elect to operate a pilot program, the
            Secretary shall, upon request from a custom exempt facility in
            such a State, operate a pilot program administered by the
            Secretary for that State in accordance with this section.
        (b) Allowable Number of Facilities.--
                (1) Initial approval.--Except as provided in paragraph
            (2)--
                        (A) a State department of agriculture may approve
                    not more than 5 facilities in such State for
                    participation in a pilot program established under
                    subsection (a)(1); and
                        (B) the Secretary may approve not more than 10
                    facilities to participate in all pilot programs
                    established under subsection (a)(2).
                (2) Subsequent approval of facilities.--Not less than 2
            years after the establishment of a pilot program, a State
            department of agriculture or the Secretary may, if no product
            produced at a facility that was initially approved under
            paragraph (1) for participation in such pilot program has been
            subject to an emergency action under subsection (f) during the
            2-year period following such establishment, approve--
                        (A) in the case of a State department of
                    agriculture, not more than 5 additional facilities in
                    the respective State; and
                        (B) in the case of the Secretary, not more than 10
                    additional facilities in all States.
        (c) Pilot Program Requirements.--A pilot program established under
    this section shall, at a minimum, require--
                (1) that meat products sold under the pilot program are--
                        (A) sold directly to consumers within the State
                    from--
                                (i) the owner of the animals from which
                            such meat products are derived; or
                                (ii) the custom exempt facility at which
                            the meat products were processed;
                        (B) not eligible for re-sale; and
                        (C) clearly labeled to indicate--
                                (i) the name and address of the facility at
                            which the meat products were processed;
                                (ii) the name and address of the owner of
                            the animals from which such meat products are
                            derived;
                                (iii) the location where animals from which
                            such meat products are derived were raised;
                                (iv) the date of slaughter of such animals
                            and the period of time over which the owner
                            raised such animals;
                                (v) that such meat products were not
                            subject to Federal inspection; and
                                (vi) that such meat products shall not be
                            resold;
                (2) that custom exempt facilities participating in the
            pilot program comply with--
                        (A) Public Law 85-765 (7 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.;
                    commonly known as the ``Humane Methods of Slaughter Act
                    of 1958'');
                        (B) applicable State and local laws;
                        (C) section 23(d) of the Federal Meat Inspection
                    Act (21 U.S.C. 623(d)); and
                        (D) Federal regulations pertaining to--
                                (i) sanitation standards and record-keeping
                            requirements for custom exempt facilities; and
                                (ii) the handling and disposition of
                            specified risk materials;
                (3) that custom exempt facilities participating in the
            pilot program be subject to onsite inspection by the Secretary
            to ensure compliance with the requirements specified in
            paragraphs (1) and (2); and
                (4) that custom exempt facilities participating in the
            pilot program be subject to onsite inspection at least annually
            by the local authority responsible for restaurant inspections
            or the State department of agriculture.
        (d) Implementation.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue, and make publicly
    available, guidance for participation in a pilot program established
    pursuant to this section.
        (e) Ineligibility.--An establishment subject to inspection by the
    Secretary under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)
    or operating pursuant to a State meat inspection program authorized
    under section 301 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 661)
    shall not be eligible to participate in a pilot program established
    pursuant to this section.
        (f) Authority for Emergency Action.--If the Secretary has credible
    evidence that a meat product produced at a custom exempt facility
    participating in a pilot program established pursuant to this section
    is adulterated, the Secretary--
                (1) shall, pursuant to the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21
            U.S.C. 601 et seq.), take such actions as may be necessary to
            address the risk to public health posed by such products; and
                (2) may terminate the participation of a custom exempt
            facility in a pilot program established pursuant to this
            section.
        (g) Report Required.--
                (1) Reports by state departments of agriculture to
            secretary.--Beginning September 30, 2026, and each fiscal year
            thereafter until September 30, 2031, each State department of
            agriculture operating a pilot program pursuant to this section
            shall submit to the Secretary a report detailing, with respect
            to each such pilot program within the relevant State for the
            preceding fiscal year--
                        (A) the number and location of persons or custom
                    exempt facilities selling meat products under each such
                    pilot program;
                        (B) the outcomes of each such pilot program;
                        (C) any instances in which a meat product was
                    subject to an emergency action under subsection (f);
                    and
                        (D) aggregated data on the volume of meat being
                    processed under such pilot program.
                (2) Report by secretary to congress.--Not later than 2
            years after initiating a pilot program under this section, the
            Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the
            House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture,
            Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report detailing--
                        (A) the information received from participating
                    State departments of agriculture under paragraph (1);
                    and
                        (B) for any custom exempt facilities participating
                    in a pilot program established by the Secretary
                    pursuant to subsection (a)(2)--
                                (i) the number and location of persons or
                            custom exempt facilities selling products
                            pursuant to such pilot program;
                                (ii) the outcomes of such pilot program;
                            and
                                (iii) any instances in which a meat product
                            was subject to an emergency action under
                            subsection (f).
        (h) Custom Exempt Facility Defined.--In this section, the term
    ``custom exempt facility'' means an establishment engaged in the
    slaughter of animals and the preparation of the carcasses, parts
    thereof, meat, and meat food products for commerce that is not subject
    to the Federal inspection requirements under title I of the Federal
    Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).
        (i) Sunset.--A State and the Secretary may not operate a pilot
    program under this section on or after September 30, 2031, and no
    facility that is exempt from inspection under the Federal Meat
    Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) pursuant to this section shall
    be exempt from that inspection on or after September 30, 2031.

        Subtitle B--Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994

    SEC. 12201. OFFICE OF HOMELAND SECURITY.

        Section 221 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of
    1994 (7 U.S.C. 6922) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (d)--
                        (A) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (B) by redesignating paragraph (8) as paragraph
                    (9); and
                        (C) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following:
                ``(8) conducting annual cross-sector crisis simulation
            exercises related to a food-related emergency or disruption;
            and''; and
                (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(f) Detailees.--The Secretary may detail employees of the
    Department of Agriculture to, and accept employees detailed from, the
    intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National
    Security Act of 1947) to assist in carrying out the duties of the
    Office of Homeland Security.
        ``(g) Risk Assessments and Reports.--
                ``(1) Risk assessments.--Not later than 1 year after the
            date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
            of 2026, and not less than every 2 years thereafter, the
            Secretary shall conduct an assessment of risks and security
            vulnerabilities to the food and agriculture critical
            infrastructure sector, including--
                        ``(A) naturally occurring, unintentional, or
                    intentional threats, including chemical, biological,
                    cybersecurity, or bioterrorism attacks;
                        ``(B) influence of state-owned enterprise;
                        ``(C) control of and access to agricultural data;
                        ``(D) foreign acquisition of intellectual property,
                    agricultural assets, and land;
                        ``(E) agricultural input shortages and dependence
                    on foreign-sourced inputs;
                        ``(F) supply chain and trade disruptions;
                        ``(G) science and technology cooperation;
                        ``(H) unequal investments in research, development,
                    and commercialization;
                        ``(I) incongruent regulatory policies; and
                        ``(J) any other vulnerabilities identified by the
                    Secretary.
                ``(2) Briefing and report.--
                        ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after
                    the completion of a risk assessment under paragraph
                    (1), the Secretary shall provide a briefing on the
                    results of the risk assessment and submit to the
                    Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Homeland
                    Security of the House of Representatives and the
                    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and
                    the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental
                    Affairs of the Senate a report that includes--
                                ``(i) an assessment of any gaps or
                            limitations in national security efforts
                            related to the food and agriculture critical
                            infrastructure sector;
                                ``(ii) any actions taken by the Secretary
                            to address any gaps or limitations identified
                            under clause (i), including through interagency
                            coordination, threat information sharing, and
                            stakeholder outreach;
                                ``(iii) any recommendations for
                            administrative, regulatory, or legislative
                            actions that can be taken to reduce any gaps or
                            limitations identified under clause (i),
                            including--
                                        ``(I) recommendations to reduce the
                                    dependence on foreign-source inputs
                                    necessary for the food and agriculture
                                    critical infrastructure sector; and
                                        ``(II) recommendations to address
                                    the cybersecurity threats to, and
                                    security vulnerabilities in, the food
                                    and agriculture critical infrastructure
                                    sector; and
                                ``(iv) resources the Secretary requires to
                            address current and future national security
                            vulnerabilities related to the food and
                            agriculture critical infrastructure sector.
                        ``(B) Exemption from access to congressionally
                    mandated reports act.--A report required under
                    subparagraph (A) shall be exempt from the requirements
                    of the Access to Congressionally Mandated Reports Act
                    (subtitle D of title VII of Public Law 117-263; 136
                    Stat. 3677).''.

    SEC. 12202. OFFICE OF PARTNERSHIPS AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT.

        Section 226B(f)(3)(B) of the Department of Agriculture
    Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6934(f)(3)(B)) is amended by
    striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 12203. BURDEN OF PROOF FOR NATIONAL APPEALS DIVISION HEARINGS.

        Section 277(c)(4) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization
    Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6997(c)(4)) is amended to read as follows:
                ``(4) Burden of proof.--The agency shall bear the burden of
            proving by substantial evidence that the adverse decision of
            the agency was valid.''.

    SEC. 12204. TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.

        Section 296(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act
    of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 7014(b)) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
                ``(11) The authority of the Secretary to carry out the
            amendments made to this title by the Farm, Food, and National
            Security Act of 2026.''.

    SEC. 12205. FUNCTIONS OF THE OFFICE OF TRIBAL RELATIONS.

        Section 309 of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of
    Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6921) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) by striking ``shall advise'' and all that
                    follows through the period at the end and inserting
                    ``shall--''; and
                        (B) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(1) advise the Secretary on policies related to Indian
            tribes;
                ``(2) oversee--
                        ``(A) each self-determination contract (as defined
                    in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and
                    Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)) entered into
                    between the Secretary and a tribal organization; and
                        ``(B) each self-governance compact (as defined in
                    section 401 of such Act (25 U.S.C. 5361)) entered into
                    between the Secretary and an Indian tribe; and
                ``(3) carry out such other functions as the Secretary
            considers appropriate.''; and
                (2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``this subsection''
            and inserting ``this section''.

                         Subtitle C--National Security

    SEC. 12301. AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT DISCLOSURE IMPROVEMENTS.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) AFIDA.--The term ``AFIDA'' means the Agricultural
            Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et
            seq.).
                (2) FPAC-BC.--The term ``FPAC-BC'' means the Farm
            Production and Conservation Business Center of the Department
            of Agriculture.
        (b) MOU With CFIUS.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into 1 or more
    memoranda of understanding with the Committee on Foreign Investment in
    the United States under which the Secretary shall provide the Committee
    with all relevant information relating to reports on foreign ownership
    of United States agricultural land submitted to the Secretary under
    section 2 of AFIDA (7 U.S.C. 3501), including information on--
                (1) each report submitted to the Secretary; and
                (2) with respect to each such report, the identity of the
            foreign persons included in the report and the date of
            submission.
        (c) AFIDA Handbook Updates.--
                (1) First update.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
            enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
                        (A) update the most recent version of the Farm
                    Service Agency handbook titled ``Foreign Investment
                    Disclosure'' as determined necessary by the Secretary
                    for the effective implementation of AFIDA; and
                        (B) incorporate in such update the recommendations
                    made by the report of the Government Accountability
                    Office titled ``Foreign Investments in U.S.
                    Agricultural Land: Enhancing Efforts to Collect, Track,
                    and Share Key Information Could Better Identify
                    National Security Risks'' and dated January 18, 2024.
                (2) Subsequent updates.--After updating the handbook
            described in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) under that
            paragraph, the Secretary shall carry out an update of that
            handbook every 10 years thereafter, including by incorporating
            any recommendations of the Government Accountability Office.
        (d) Civil Penalties.--Section 3 of the Agricultural Foreign
    Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) is amended--
                (1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c);
                (2) by striking the section designation and heading and all
            that follows through ``Any such civil penalty shall be
            recoverable'' and inserting the following:

    ``SEC. 3. CIVIL PENALTIES.

        ``(a) In General.--A person shall be subject to a civil penalty
    imposed by the Secretary if the Secretary determines that the person--
                ``(1) has failed to submit a report in accordance with the
            provisions of section 2; or
                ``(2) has knowingly submitted a report under section 2
            that--
                        ``(A) does not contain all the information required
                    to be in such report; or
                        ``(B) contains information that is misleading or
                    false.
        ``(b) Civil Action.--Any civil penalty imposed by the Secretary
    under subsection (a) shall be recoverable''; and
                (3) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated)--
                        (A) by striking the subsection designation and all
                    that follows through ``The amount'' and inserting the
                    following:
        ``(c) Amount of Penalty.--The amount'';
                        (B) by striking ``of this section''; and
                        (C) by striking ``shall not exceed 25 percent'' and
                    inserting ``for violations under subsection (a)(1)
                    shall not exceed 25 percent, and for violations under
                    subsection (a)(2) shall be not less than 5 percent, but
                    not more than 25 percent,''.
        (e) Public Disclosure of Enforcement Actions.--Section 3 of the
    Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502)
    (as amended by subsection (b)) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(d) Public Disclosure of Enforcement Actions.--The Secretary
    shall publicly disclose the name of each person who paid to the
    Secretary a civil penalty imposed under subsection (a), including, if
    applicable, after the completion of an appeal of a civil penalty.''.
        (f) Publication of Reporting Requirements.--Section 3 of the
    Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502)
    (as amended by subsection (c)) is amended by adding at the end the
    following:
        ``(e) Outreach.--Using existing resources and efforts to the
    maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall carry out a nationwide
    outreach program directed primarily toward landlords, operators,
    owners, persons, producers, and tenants (as those terms are defined in
    section 718.2 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on
    the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of
    2026)) of agricultural land and county property appraiser offices, land
    appraisal companies, and real estate auction companies to increase
    public awareness and provide education regarding the reporting
    requirements under this Act.''.

    SEC. 12302. REPORT ON AGRICULTURAL LAND PURCHASING ACTIVITIES IN THE
                  UNITED STATES BY COUNTRIES DESIGNATED AS STATE SPONSORS
                  OF TERRORISM AND CERTAIN OTHER COUNTRIES.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Agricultural land.--The term ``agricultural land'' has
            the meaning given the term in section 9 of the Agricultural
            Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508).
                (2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term
            ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                        (A) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
                    Forestry of the Senate;
                        (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and
                    Governmental Affairs of the Senate;
                        (C) the Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
                        (D) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House
                    of Representatives;
                        (E) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
                    Representatives; and
                        (F) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
                    of the House of Representatives.
                (3) Covered foreign country.--The term ``covered foreign
            country'' means a foreign country of concern (as defined in
            section 10638 of the CHIPS Act of 2022 (42 U.S.C. 19237)).
                (4) Covered foreign person.--The term ``covered foreign
            person'' means a foreign person (as defined in section 9 of the
            Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7
            U.S.C. 3508)) that is a citizen of, or headquartered in, as
            applicable, a covered foreign country.
                (5) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given the
            term in section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment
            Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508).
                (6) State sponsor of terrorism.--The term ``state sponsor
            of terrorism'' means a country the government of which the
            Secretary of State has determined has repeatedly provided
            support for acts of international terrorism, for purposes of--
                        (A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export Control
                    Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)(i));
                        (B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of
                    1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371);
                        (C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act
                    (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or
                        (D) any other provision of law.
        (b) Report.--
                (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
            enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary
            of Agriculture, in coordination with the Secretary of Homeland
            Security and the head of any other appropriate Federal agency,
            shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report
            describing the national security risks of the purchase and
            management of agricultural land by covered foreign persons.
                (2) Contents.--A report submitted under paragraph (1) shall
            include the following with respect to the year covered by the
            report:
                        (A) A description of--
                                (i) the number of acres of agricultural
                            land owned, leased, or managed by covered
                            foreign persons, organized by State; and
                                (ii) for each State, the percentage of land
                            owned or managed by covered foreign persons
                            compared to the total acreage of the State.
                        (B) An analysis of the possible threat to food
                    security, food safety, biosecurity, or environmental
                    protection due to the ownership of agricultural land by
                    each covered foreign country through covered foreign
                    persons.
                        (C) An analysis of the annual and total cost of
                    support for agricultural land owned by covered foreign
                    persons through farm programs administered by the Farm
                    Service Agency.
                        (D) An analysis of the use of agricultural land for
                    industrial espionage or intellectual property transfer
                    by covered foreign persons.
                        (E) An analysis of the potential use by covered
                    foreign persons of agricultural land in close proximity
                    to manufacturing facilities, water sources, and other
                    critical infrastructure to monitor, interrupt, or
                    disrupt activities critical to the national and
                    economic security of the United States.
                        (F) An analysis of other threats to the
                    agricultural industry or national security of the
                    United States due to the ownership of agricultural land
                    by covered foreign persons.
                (3) Unclassified form.--A report submitted under this
            subsection shall--
                        (A) be submitted in unclassified form, but may
                    include a classified annex; and
                        (B) be consistent with the protection of
                    intelligence sources and methods.

    SEC. 12303. INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS.

        (a) Investigative Actions.--Section 4 of the Agricultural Foreign
    Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3503) is amended to read as
    follows:

    ``SEC. 4. INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS.

        ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall appoint an employee in the
    Senior Executive Service (as described in section 3131 of title 5,
    United States Code) of the Department of Agriculture to serve as Chief
    of Operations of Investigative Actions (referred to in this section as
    the `Chief of Operations'), who shall hire, appoint, and maintain
    additional employees to monitor compliance with the provisions of this
    Act.
        ``(b) Chief of Operations.--The Chief of Operations may serve in
    such position simultaneously with a concurrent position within the
    Department of Agriculture.
        ``(c) Security.--The Secretary shall--
                ``(1) provide classified storage, meeting, and other
            spaces, as necessary, for personnel of the Chief of Operations;
            and
                ``(2) assist such personnel in obtaining security
            clearances.
        ``(d) Duties.--The Chief of Operations shall--
                ``(1) monitor compliance with this Act;
                ``(2) refer noncompliance with this Act to the Secretary,
            the Farm Service Agency, and any other appropriate authority;
                ``(3) conduct investigations, in coordination with the
            Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the
            Department of Homeland Security, the Department of the
            Treasury, the National Security Council, and State and local
            law enforcement agencies, on malign efforts--
                        ``(A) to steal agricultural knowledge and
                    technology; or
                        ``(B) to disrupt the United States agricultural
                    base;
                ``(4) conduct an annual audit of the database developed
            under section 12304(b) of the Farm, Food, and National Security
            Act of 2026;
                ``(5) seek to enter into memoranda of agreement and
            memoranda of understanding with the Federal agencies described
            in paragraph (3)--
                        ``(A) to ensure compliance with this Act; and
                        ``(B) to prevent the malign efforts described in
                    that paragraph;
                ``(6) refer to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the
            United States transactions that--
                        ``(A) raise potential national security concerns;
                    and
                        ``(B) result in agricultural land acquisition by a
                    foreign person that is a citizen of, or headquartered
                    in, as applicable, a foreign entity of concern; and
                ``(7) publish annual reports that summarize the information
            contained in every report received by the Secretary under
            section 2 during the period covered by the report.
        ``(e) Administration.--The Chief of Operations shall report to--
                ``(1) the Secretary; or
                ``(2) if delegated by the Secretary, to--
                        ``(A) the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency;
                    or
                        ``(B) the Director of the Department of Agriculture
                    Office of Homeland Security.''.
        (b) Definition of Foreign Entity of Concern.--Section 9 of the
    Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508)
    is amended--
                (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking
            ``For purposes of this Act--'' and inserting ``In this Act:'';
                (2) in each of paragraphs (1) through (6)--
                        (A) by striking ``the term'' and inserting ``The
                    term''; and
                        (B) by inserting a paragraph heading, the text of
                    which comprises the term defined in that paragraph;
                (3) in each of paragraphs (1) through (4), by striking the
            semicolon and inserting a period;
                (4) in paragraph (5), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a
            period;
                (5) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as
            paragraphs (3), (4), (6), (7), and (8), respectively;
                (6) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
                ``(2) Foreign entity of concern.--The term `foreign entity
            of concern' has the meaning given the term in section 9901 of
            the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization
            Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651).''; and
                (7) by inserting after paragraph (4) (as so redesignated)
            the following:
                ``(5) Malign effort.--The term `malign effort' means any
            hostile effort undertaken by, at the direction of, on behalf
            of, or with the substantial support of the government of a
            foreign entity of concern.''.

    SEC. 12304. DIGITIZATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF FOREIGN LAND OWNERSHIP
                  DATA COLLECTION AND PUBLICATION.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Agricultural land.--The term ``agricultural land'' has
            the meaning given the term in section 781.2 of title 7, Code of
            Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of
            this Act).
                (2) Database.--The term ``database'' means the database
            developed under subsection (c).
                (3) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person'' has the
            meaning given the term in section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign
            Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508).
        (b) Database.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment
    of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a database of agricultural
    land owned by foreign persons, using data that are collected pursuant
    to the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C.
    3501 et seq.).
        (c) Contents.--Each entry in the database for each registration or
    updated registration of agricultural land owned or leased by a foreign
    person shall include pertinent information, as determined by the
    Secretary, in the applicable filing, except it shall not publicly
    disclose the name of the filer and the purchase or lease price of such
    transaction for a period of at least 30 days following such filing.
        (d) Audit.--Not later than 180 days after the database is
    operational, and annually thereafter, the Chief of Operations for
    Investigative Actions appointed under section 4 of the Agricultural
    Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (as amended by section
    12303(a)) shall--
                (1) conduct an audit of the database; and
                (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a
            report--
                        (A) evaluating the accuracy of the database; and
                        (B) describing recommendations for improving
                    compliance with the reporting required under the
                    Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978
                    (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
        (e) Repeal.--Section 773 of division A of the Consolidated
    Appropriations Act, 2023 (Public Law 117-328) is repealed.

    SEC. 12305. CFIUS CONSIDERATION OF CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL LAND
                  TRANSACTIONS.

        (a) Inclusion of the Secretary of Agriculture on the Committee on
    Foreign Investment in the United States.--Section 721(k) of the Defense
    Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(k)) is amended by adding at the
    end the following:
                ``(8) Inclusion of the secretary of agriculture.--The
            Secretary of Agriculture shall be a member of the Committee
            with respect to a covered transaction that involves--
                        ``(A) agricultural land;
                        ``(B) agriculture biotechnology; or
                        ``(C) the agriculture industry, including
                    agricultural transportation, storage, and
                    processing.''.
        (b) Consideration of Certain Agricultural Land Transactions.--
    Section 721(b)(1) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C.
    4565(b)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                        ``(I) Consideration of certain agricultural land
                    transactions.--
                                ``(i) In general.--After receiving
                            notification from the Secretary of Agriculture
                            of a reportable agricultural land transaction,
                            the Committee shall determine--
                                        ``(I) whether the transaction is a
                                    covered transaction; and
                                        ``(II) if the Committee determines
                                    that the transaction is a covered
                                    transaction, whether the Committee
                                    should initiate a review pursuant to
                                    subparagraph (D), or take another
                                    action authorized under this section,
                                    with respect to the reportable
                                    agricultural land transaction.
                                ``(ii) Reportable agricultural land
                            transaction.--In this subparagraph, the term
                            `reportable agricultural land transaction'
                            means a transaction--
                                        ``(I) that the Secretary of
                                    Agriculture has reason to believe is a
                                    covered transaction, based on
                                    information from or in cooperation with
                                    the intelligence community;
                                        ``(II) that involves the
                                    acquisition of an interest in
                                    agricultural land by a foreign person
                                    of the People's Republic of China, the
                                    Democratic People's Republic of Korea,
                                    the Russian Federation, or the Islamic
                                    Republic of Iran; and
                                        ``(III) with respect to which a
                                    person is required to submit a report
                                    to the Secretary of Agriculture under
                                    section 2(a) of the Agricultural
                                    Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of
                                    1978.
                                ``(iii) Sunset.--The requirements under
                            this subparagraph shall terminate, with respect
                            to a foreign person of the respective foreign
                            country, on the date that the People's Republic
                            of China, the Democratic People's Republic of
                            Korea, the Russian Federation, or the Islamic
                            Republic of Iran, as the case may be, is
                            removed from the list of foreign adversaries in
                            section 791.4 of title 15, Code of Federal
                            Regulations.''.

                   Subtitle D--Other Miscellaneous Provisions

    SEC. 12401. COMMISSION ON FARM TRANSITIONS--NEEDS FOR 2050.

        Section 12609 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public
    Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 5009) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``There is established''
            and inserting ``Not later than 60 days after the date of the
            enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026,
            the Secretary shall establish'';
                (2) in subsection (b)--
                        (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and
                    Recommendations'' after ``Study'';
                        (B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
                    inserting ``, and make recommendations relating to,''
                    after ``study on'';
                        (C) in paragraph (1)--
                                (i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``and
                            timely'' after ``affordable''; and
                                (ii) by striking subparagraph (D) and
                            inserting the following:
                        ``(D) apprenticeships, mentoring programs, business
                    training, and technical assistance programs;'';
                        (D) in paragraph (3)--
                                (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph
                            (A), by striking ``existing and new Federal tax
                            policies'' and inserting ``existing and new
                            State and Federal policies, including tax
                            policies''; and
                                (ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or
                            impede'' after ``facilitate'';
                        (E) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (F) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting a semicolon; and
                        (G) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(6) heirs' property and succession of agricultural land;
                ``(7) any unique barriers faced by historically underserved
            and women farmers and ranchers in the ability to transfer,
            inherit, or purchase agricultural assets, including land; and
                ``(8) leasing and ownership trends, including leasing and
            ownership trends by foreign persons or entities.'';
                (3) in subsection (f), by striking ``1 year after the date
            of enactment of this Act'' and inserting ``2 years after the
            date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act
            of 2026'';
                (4) by amending subsection (l) to read as follows:
        ``(l) Federal Advisory Committees.--Sections 1008 and 1013 of title
    5, United States Code, shall not apply to the Commission or any
    proceeding of the Commission.''; and
                (5) in subsection (m), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 12402. REPORT ON PERSONNEL.

        Section 12506 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public
    Law 115-334) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2031''.

    SEC. 12403. IMPROVEMENTS TO UNITED STATES DROUGHT MONITOR.

        Section 12512(d)(2) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7
    U.S.C. 5856(d)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 12404. REPORTS ON LAND ACCESS AND FARMLAND OWNERSHIP DATA
                  COLLECTION.

        Section 12607 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C.
    2204i) is amended--
                (1) in subsection (a)--
                        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by
                    inserting ``and not less frequently than once every 2
                    years thereafter,'' before ``the Secretary of
                    Agriculture'';
                        (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the
                    end;
                        (C) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the
                    end and inserting ``; and''; and
                        (D) by adding at the end the following:
                ``(4) a catalog of existing Federal, State, or private
            programs that facilitate access to land, capital, and markets,
            including programs providing assistance relating to--
                        ``(A) acquiring of real property (including air
                    rights, water rights, and other interests therein),
                    including closing costs;
                        ``(B) subsidizing interest rates and mortgage
                    principal amounts for intended beneficiaries;
                        ``(C) providing down payment assistance to decrease
                    farm mortgages;
                        ``(D) securing clear title on heirs' property
                    farmland;
                        ``(E) conducting surveys and assessments of
                    agricultural land;
                        ``(F) improving or remediating land, water, and
                    soil;
                        ``(G) constructing or repairing infrastructure;
                        ``(H) supporting land use planning;
                        ``(I) acquiring legal or financial planning
                    assistance;
                        ``(J) carrying out Tribal consultation;
                        ``(K) supporting acquisition of a Department of
                    Agriculture farm number; and
                        ``(L) any other activities as determined by the
                    Secretary.''; and
                (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``2023'' and inserting
            ``2031''.

    SEC. 12405. INCREASING TRANSPARENCY REGARDING DETENTION OF IMPORTED
                  PLANTS.

        (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
    enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with the Director
    of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Commissioner of U.S.
    Customs and Border Protection, shall issue guidance to clarify the
    process by which an importer of plants that have been denied entry into
    the United States and detained under the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981
    (16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.) may obtain additional information on such
    denial and detention.
        (b) Information Provided.--The process referred to in subsection
    (a) shall ensure that the Secretary shall provide to an importer
    described in such subsection, upon the detention of any plants of such
    importer, the following information:
                (1) The specific reasons for which the detention of the
            plants was initiated, including the date on which the plants
            were presented to the Secretary for examination.
                (2) The anticipated length of the detention of such plants.
                (3) The nature of the tests or inquiries to be conducted on
            the plants, which the importer shall be able to replicate.
                (4) The nature of any information that, if supplied to the
            Secretary, would accelerate the disposition of the detention.

    SEC. 12406. ENHANCEMENT OF PET PROTECTIONS.

        (a) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment
    of this Act (or later, if the Secretary determines appropriate after
    taking into consideration any ongoing programmatic review of the Animal
    Care program of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service), the
    Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture and the
    Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the
    Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and the Committee on
    Appropriations of the Senate a report with respect to companion animals
    that--
                (1) evaluates the enforcement of standards under, and
            requirements of, the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.)
            by the Secretary for both effectiveness and efficiency;
                (2) evaluates the efforts by the Secretary to educate and
            advise dealers of all standards under, and requirements of,
            such Act;
                (3) evaluates the capacity of the Secretary to enforce the
            standards established by such Act;
                (4) makes recommendations for the improvement of--
                        (A) all standards (including animal welfare
                    standards) under, and requirements of, such Act; and
                        (B) education efforts of the Secretary with respect
                    to such standards and requirements; and
                (5) considers the impact and associated costs of any
            recommended improvements or amendments to the standards under,
            and requirements of, such Act.
        (b) Veterinary Care.--
                (1) In general.--Section 13(a)(2)(A) of the Animal Welfare
            Act (7 U.S.C. 2143(a)(2)(A)) is amended by inserting ``(which
            shall include visual dental examinations, whenever
            practicable)'' after ``adequate veterinary care''.
                (2) Technical amendment.--Section 13 of the Animal Welfare
            Act (7 U.S.C. 2143) is amended by redesignating the second
            subsection (f) (prohibiting delivery of certain animals without
            certificate of inspection), subsection (g), and subsection (h)
            as subsections (g) through (i), respectively.

    SEC. 12407. PROTECTING ANIMALS WITH SHELTER.

        Section 12502(b)(8) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018
    (Public Law 115-334) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting
    ``2031''.

    SEC. 12408. REPORT ON AVAILABLE ASSISTANCE TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN
                  THE STATE OF TEXAS THAT HAVE SUFFERED ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE
                  TO THE FAILURE OF MEXICO TO DELIVER WATER.

        Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this
    Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the
    House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition,
    and Forestry of the Senate a report that lists all existing authorities
    of the Secretary and programs within the Department that are or could
    be made available to provide assistance to agricultural producers in
    the State of Texas that have suffered economic losses due to the
    failure of Mexico to deliver water to the United States in accordance
    with the Treaty Relating to the Utilization of Waters of the Colorado
    and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande signed at Washington on
    February 3, 1944, and the Supplementary Protocol signed at Washington
    November 14, 1944.

    SEC. 12409. QUALIFIED RENEWABLE BIOMASS.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Agency action.--The term ``agency action'' has the
            meaning given the term in section 551 of title 5, United States
            Code.
                (2) Qualified renewable biomass.--
                        (A) In general.--The term ``qualified renewable
                    biomass'' means--
                                (i) forest products manufacturing bioenergy
                            feedstocks, including from--
                                        (I) forest products manufacturing
                                    residuals, including spent pulping
                                    liquors, pulping by-products, bark,
                                    woody manufacturing residuals, paper
                                    recycling residuals, wastewater and
                                    process water treatment plant
                                    residuals, and anaerobic digester
                                    biogas;
                                        (II) harvest residues, including
                                    portions of harvested trees that are
                                    too small or of too poor quality to be
                                    utilized for wood products or paper
                                    products;
                                        (III) downed wood from extreme
                                    weather events and natural disasters,
                                    nonhazardous landscape or right-of-way
                                    trimmings and municipal trimmings, and
                                    plant material removed for purposes of
                                    invasive or noxious plant species
                                    control;
                                        (IV) biowaste, including landfill
                                    gas; and
                                        (V) non-chemically treated used
                                    wood products, such as crates or
                                    pallets; and
                                (ii) forest biomass derived from residues
                            created as a by-product of timber harvesting,
                            including treetops, tree limbs, and bark, but
                            excluding stumps, roots, and round wood
                            suitable for industrial purposes.
                        (B) Exclusion.--Such term does not include paper of
                    a type that is commonly recycled.
        (b) In General.--
                (1) Consideration as renewable energy source.--With respect
            to any agency action of the Department related to qualified
            renewable biomass, the Secretary shall consider qualified
            renewable biomass to be a renewable energy source and assign it
            (and a facility, to the extent it uses qualified renewable
            biomass as fuel) a greenhouse gas emission rate, and a carbon
            intensity, of not greater than zero, if the use of such
            qualified renewable biomass as fuel does not cause the
            conversion of forests to non-forest use.
                (2) Petitions.--Not later than 1 year after receiving a
            petition requesting a change to a rule, policy, or program of
            the Department in order to comply with the requirements of
            paragraph (1), the Secretary shall take such action as may be
            necessary to comply with such requirements with respect to such
            rule, policy, or program.
        (c) Guidance.--
                (1) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date
            of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish
            guidance for purposes of carrying out subsection (b).
                (2) Modification.--The Secretary may periodically update
            the guidance established under paragraph (1) as the Secretary
            may determine necessary.
                (3) Consultation.--In carrying out this subsection, the
            Secretary shall consult with--
                        (A) the Administrator of the Environmental
                    Protection Agency;
                        (B) the Secretary of Energy; and
                        (C) any other relevant entities, as determined by
                    the Secretary.

    SEC. 12410. WHOLE MILK UNDER THE SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM.

        Section 9(a)(2) of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act
    (42 U.S.C. 1758(a)(2)) is amended--
                (1) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause
            (i), by striking ``Act--'' and inserting ``Act and breakfasts
            served by schools participating in the school breakfast program
            under section 4 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C.
            1773)--'';
                (2) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``or the school
            breakfast program under section 4 of the Child Nutrition Act of
            1966 (42 U.S.C. 1773)'' after ``Act''; and
                (3) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``section 210.10'' and
            inserting ``sections 210.10 and 220.8''.

    SEC. 12411. SPOTTED LANTERNFLY AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.

        (a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall carry out a
    national campaign to increase the awareness and knowledge of the public
    with respect to spotted lanternflies.
        (b) Required Activities.--In carrying out the national campaign
    under this section, the Secretary shall--
                (1) place public service announcements on television,
            radio, and billboards in areas of high incidence of spotted
            lanternflies that--
                        (A) inform individuals of the fact that spotted
                    lanternflies are an invasive pest that threaten local
                    agriculture; and
                        (B) encourage individuals to kill any spotted
                    lanternflies that such individuals encounter; and
                (2) use such other awareness tools as the Secretary
            determines appropriate to provide the information described in
            paragraph (1).

    SEC. 12412. RIO GRANDE VALLEY AGRICULTURAL WATER INTERAGENCY WORKING
                  GROUP.

        (a) Establishment.--The Secretary, in coordination with the heads
    of the agencies described in subsection (c), shall establish an
    interagency working group to coordinate a whole-of-government strategy
    to protect the economic interests of United States agricultural
    producers impacted by water deliveries under the 1944 Water Treaty.
        (b) Duties.--The Working Group shall--
                (1) analyze the economic impact of water delivery deficits
            under the 1944 Water Treaty on the United States agricultural
            sector in the area affected by such water delivery deficits,
            including specific assessments of damages to perennial crops;
                (2) develop and implement a multi-agency strategy to--
                        (A) secure annual and predictable water deliveries
                    in accordance with the 1944 Water Treaty through the
                    coordinated use of Federal diplomatic and operational
                    authorities;
                        (B) enhance the resilience of the domestic
                    agricultural water supply through improved conservation
                    and infrastructure;
                        (C) assess trade-related mechanisms available to
                    address agricultural supply chain disruptions caused by
                    such water delivery deficits;
                        (D) ensure that water resources and infrastructure
                    in South Texas are efficiently managed and operational
                    for the beneficial use of agricultural producers and
                    municipal users; and
                        (E) support Federal officials in securing annual
                    and predictable water deliveries in accordance with the
                    1944 Water Treaty;
                (3) facilitate coordination among Federal agencies and with
            the State of Texas to align diplomatic, trade, and
            infrastructure efforts with the critical needs of the
            agricultural community in South Texas; and
                (4) provide a forum for public engagement and transparency
            regarding--
                        (A) the status of water deliveries from Mexico
                    under the 1944 Water Treaty; and
                        (B) the findings of the Working Group and the
                    strategy developed under paragraph (2).
        (c) Composition.--The Working Group shall be composed of--
                (1) the Secretary of Agriculture (who shall serve as
            Chair);
                (2) the Secretary of State;
                (3) the Secretary of the Interior;
                (4) the Commissioner of the United States Section of the
            International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and
            Mexico;
                (5) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
            Agency;
                (6) the United States Trade Representative;
                (7) the Chief of Engineers and Commanding General of the
            U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; and
                (8) the Assistant to the President of the United States for
            National Security Affairs.
        (d) Meetings.--
                (1) Frequency.--The Working Group shall meet not less
            frequently than annually.
                (2) Public access.--The Working Group shall--
                        (A) hold the meetings described in paragraph (1) in
                    a manner open to the public; and
                        (B) provide an opportunity for interested
                    stakeholders, including agricultural producers and
                    irrigation districts, to provide oral and written
                    comments to the Working Group.
        (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment
    of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Working Group shall submit to
    the Committees on Agriculture, Appropriations, Foreign Affairs, and
    Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, and the Committees on
    Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, Appropriations, Energy and
    Natural Resources, Foreign Relations, and Finance of the Senate, a
    report describing--
                (1) the findings resulting from the analysis under
            subsection (b)(1);
                (2) the status of diplomatic and operational efforts to
            secure compliance with the annual water delivery requirements
            of the 1944 Water Treaty;
                (3) an assessment of potential trade or administrative
            actions to secure long term water reliability under treaties
            with Mexico; and
                (4) recommendations for projects, resources, and
            legislative authorities needed to fully implement the strategy
            developed under subsection (b)(2).
        (f) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) 1944 water treaty.--The term ``1944 Water Treaty''
            means the Treaty Relating to the Utilization of Waters of the
            Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande signed at
            Washington on February 3, 1944, and the Supplementary Protocol
            signed at Washington November 14, 1944.
                (2) Working group.--The term ``Working Group'' means the
            interagency working group established under subsection (a).

    SEC. 12413. COST-SHARE GRANTS FOR ROLLOVER PROTECTION STRUCTURES.

        (a) Definitions.--In this section:
                (1) Approved rollover protection structure.--The term
            ``approved rollover protection structure'' means a rollover
            protection structure that the Program Administrator
            determines--
                        (A) may be installed on eligible equipment;
                        (B) includes a seatbelt; and
                        (C) meets or exceeds the rollover protection
                    structure standards.
                (2) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means,
            as determined by the Secretary--
                        (A) an agricultural producer; and
                        (B) an eligible school.
                (3) Eligible equipment.--The term ``eligible equipment''
            means an agricultural tractor that the Program Administrator
            determines to be eligible for installation of an approved
            rollover protection structure.
                (4) Eligible school.--The term ``eligible school'' means--
                        (A) a vocational school that provides agricultural
                    instruction or training;
                        (B) an institution of higher education (as defined
                    in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
                    U.S.C. 1001)) that provides direct, practical
                    agricultural instruction or training; and
                        (C) a public or private secondary school (as
                    defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary
                    Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 8107)) the curriculum
                    of which includes an agricultural instruction or
                    training component.
                (5) Program administrator.--The term ``Program
            Administrator'' means the organization selected by the
            Secretary under subsection (c)(1)(B).
                (6) Rollover protection structure standards.--The term
            ``rollover protection structure standards'' includes the
            following:
                        (A) The SAE J2194 and SAE J1194 standards issued by
                    the Society of Automotive Engineers (and successor
                    standards).
                        (B) Any other relevant national or international
                    rollover protection structure manufacturing or testing
                    standards.
        (b) Cost-share Grants.--
                (1) In general.--The Secretary shall award grants to
            eligible entities for the cost of purchasing, transporting, and
            installing on eligible equipment approved rollover protection
            structures.
                (2) Limitations.--
                        (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph
                    (B), the amount of a grant under this section shall
                    equal 70 percent of the costs of the eligible entity to
                    purchase, transport, and install the approved rollover
                    protection structure.
                        (B) Exception.--If, for an eligible entity that is
                    the recipient of a grant under this section, the costs
                    to purchase, transport, and install an approved
                    rollover structure (as documented by the eligible
                    entity) exceed $500, the amount of the grant shall be
                    increased to cover an increased percentage (as
                    determined by the Secretary) of such costs.
        (c) Administration.--
                (1) Program administrator.--The Secretary shall--
                        (A) seek competitive bids from nongovernmental
                    organizations seeking to serve as the Program
                    Administrator under this section;
                        (B) select 1 organization from among the
                    organizations that submit bids under subparagraph (A);
                    and
                        (C) enter into a cooperative agreement with that
                    organization to carry out the activities described in
                    paragraph (2).
                (2) Duties.--The Program Administrator shall--
                        (A) identify--
                                (i) approved rollover protection
                            structures; and
                                (ii) eligible equipment;
                        (B) administer the application process under
                    subsection (d); and
                        (C) establish and administer a public website and
                    phone hotline with information necessary--
                                (i) to inform eligible entities, as
                            described in subsection (a)(2), of the grant
                            opportunities made available by this Act, and
                                (ii) to administer the application process
                            under subsection (d).
        (d) Applications.--
                (1) In general.--To apply for a grant under this section,
            an eligible entity shall submit to the Program Administrator an
            application, including documentation of the cost described in
            subsection (b)(2)(A).
                (2) Approval or denial.--On receipt of an application under
            paragraph (1), the Program Administrator shall--
                        (A) determine--
                                (i) whether the applicant is eligible for a
                            grant under this section; and
                                (ii) the amount of a grant under this
                            section for which the applicant is eligible;
                            and
                        (B) submit to the Secretary a notification of the
                    determinations under subparagraph (A).
        (e) Disbursement.--On receipt of a notification under subsection
    (d)(2)(B), if an applicant is eligible for a grant under this section,
    the Secretary shall disburse to the eligible entity the amount of the
    grant described in subsection (d)(2)(A)(ii).
        (f) Funding.--
                (1) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized
            to be appropriated to carry out this section $725,000 for each
            of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.
                (2) Allocation.--Of the amounts made available to carry out
            this section for each fiscal year--
                        (A) the Secretary shall use 70 percent of such
                    amounts for grants under this section; and
                        (B) the Secretary shall transfer to the Program
                    Administrator--
                                (i) 15 percent of such amounts for the
                            promotion of, and upgrades to the website
                            referred to in subsection (c)(2)(C); and
                                (ii) 15 percent of such amounts for the
                            telephone hotline referred to in such
                            subsection.
                                                     Union Calendar No. 537

    119th CONGRESS

      2d Session

                                   H. R. 7567

                              [Report No. 119-620]

    _______________________________________________________________________

                                     A BILL

     To provide for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other
    programs of the Department of Agriculture through fiscal year 2031, and
                              for other purposes.

    _______________________________________________________________________

                                 April 21, 2026

      Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole
           House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed