Short title; definition

(a)

Short title

This Act may be cited as the

Colorado Wilderness Act of 2026

.(b)

Secretary defined

As used in this Act, the term Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture, as appropriate.

Additions to national wilderness preservation system in the State of Colorado

(a)

Additions

Section 2(a) of the Colorado Wilderness Act of 1993 (Public Law 103–77; 107 Stat. 756; 16 U.S.C. 1132 note) is amended by adding at the end the following paragraphs:

(23)Certain lands managed by the Colorado River Valley Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 20,171 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Bull Gulch & Castle Peak Proposed Wilderness, dated December 30, 2025, which shall be known as the Bull Gulch Wilderness.(24)Certain lands managed by the Colorado River Valley Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 19,033 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Bull Gulch & Castle Peak Proposed Wilderness, dated December 30, 2025, which shall be known as the Castle Peak Wilderness.(25)Certain lands managed by the Colorado River Valley Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 312 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Maroon Bells Addition Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which is hereby incorporated in and shall be deemed to be a part of the Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness Area designated by Public Law 88–577.(26)Certain lands managed by the Gunnison Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 38,176 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Redcloud & Handies Peak Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Redcloud Peak Wilderness.(27)Certain lands managed by the Gunnison Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management or located in the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests, which comprise approximately 26,557 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Redcloud & Handies Peak Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Handies Peak Wilderness.(28)Certain lands managed by the Royal Gorge Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 17,213 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Table Mountain & McIntyre Hills Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the McIntyre Hills Wilderness.(29)Certain lands managed by the Glenwood Springs Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 11,291 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Grand Hogback Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Grand Hogback Wilderness.(30)Certain lands managed by the Glenwood Springs Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management or located in the White River National Forest, which comprise approximately 16,305 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Flat Tops Addition Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, and which are hereby incorporated in and shall be deemed to be a part of the Flat Tops Wilderness designated by Public Law 94–146.(31)Certain lands managed by the Grand Junction Field Office, which comprise approximately 25,897 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Demaree Canyon Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Demaree Canyon Wilderness.(32)Certain lands managed by the Grand Junction Field Office, which comprise approximately 29,045 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Little Books Cliff Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Little Book Cliffs Wilderness.(33)Certain lands managed by the Tres Rios Field Office, which comprise approximately 24,475 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Bug Canyon & Cross Canyon Proposed Wilderness, dated September 28, 2023, which shall be known as the Cross Canyon Wilderness.(34)Certain lands managed by the Tres Rios Field Office, which comprise approximately 4,782 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Bug Canyon & Cross Canyon Proposed Wilderness, dated September 28, 2023, which shall be known as the Bug Canyon Wilderness.(35)Certain lands managed by the Tres Rios Field Office, which comprise approximately 21,220 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled McKenna Peak Proposed Wilderness, dated October 16, 2019, which shall be known as the McKenna Peak Wilderness.(36)Certain lands managed by the Tres Rios Field Office and Uncompahgre Field Office, which comprise approximately 56,206 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Dolores River Canyon Proposed Wilderness, dated November 14, 2023, which shall be known as the Dolores River Canyon Wilderness.(37)Certain lands managed by the Uncompahgre Field Office and Grand Junction Field Office, which comprise approximately 39,919 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Sewemup Mesa Proposed Wilderness, dated November 14, 2023, which shall be known as the Sewemup Mesa Wilderness.

(b)

Further additions

The following lands in the State of Colorado administered by the Bureau of Land Management or the United States Forest Service are hereby designated as wilderness and, therefore, as components of the National Wilderness Preservation System:(1)Certain lands managed by the Colorado River Valley Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management or located in the White River National Forest, which comprise approximately 25,232 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Assignation Ridge Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Assignation Ridge Wilderness.(2)Certain lands managed by the Royal Gorge Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management or located in the Pike and San Isabel National Forests, which comprise approximately 25,192 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Badger Creek Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Badger Creek Wilderness.(3)Certain lands managed by the Royal Gorge Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management or located in the Pike and San Isabel National Forests, which comprise approximately 38,253 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Beaver Creek Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Beaver Creek Wilderness.(4)Certain lands managed by the Royal Gorge Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management or the Bureau of Reclamation or located in the Pike and San Isabel National Forest, which comprise approximately 35,535 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Grape Creek Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Grape Creek Wilderness.(5)Certain lands managed by the Grand Junction Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 13,351 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled North & South Bangs Canyon Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the North Bangs Canyon Wilderness.(6)Certain lands managed by the Grand Junction Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 5,144 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled North & South Bangs Canyon Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the South Bangs Canyon Wilderness.(7)Certain lands managed by the Grand Junction Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 27,150 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Unaweep & Palisade Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Palisade Wilderness.(8)Certain lands managed by the Grand Junction Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management or located in the Grand Mesa, Uncompaghre, and Gunnison National Forest, which comprise approximately 20,420 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Unaweep & Palisade Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Unaweep Wilderness.(9)Certain lands managed by the Kremmling Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 31 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Platte River Addition Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, and which are hereby incorporated in and shall be deemed to be part of the Platte River Wilderness designated by Public Law 98–550.(10)Certain lands managed by the Uncompahgre Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 17,660 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Roubideau Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Roubideau Wilderness.(11)Certain lands managed by the Uncompahgre Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management or located in the Grand Mesa, Uncompaghre, and Gunnison National Forest, which comprise approximately 12,986 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Norwood Canyon Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Norwood Canyon Wilderness.(12)Certain lands managed by the San Juan Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management Certain lands, which comprise approximately 14,339 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Weber-Menefee Mountain Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Weber-Menefee Mountain Wilderness.(13)Certain lands managed by the San Juan Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management or located in the San Juan National Forest, which comprise approximately 10,844 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled North & South Ponderosa Gorge Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the North Ponderosa Gorge Wilderness.(14)Certain lands managed by the San Juan Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management or located in the San Juan National Forest, which comprise approximately 12,393 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled North & South Ponderosa Gorge Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the South Ponderosa Gorge Wilderness.(15)Certain lands managed by the Royal Gorge Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management or located in the Pike and San Isabel National Forests, which comprise approximately 22,654 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Browns Canyon Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Browns Canyon Wilderness.(16)Certain lands managed by the San Luis Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 10,871 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled San Luis Hills Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the San Luis Hills Wilderness.(17)Certain lands managed by the Royal Gorge Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, which comprise approximately 27,719 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Table Mountain & McIntyre Hills Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, which shall be known as the Table Mountain Wilderness.(c)

West elk addition

Certain lands in the State of Colorado administered by the Gunnison Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management, the United States National Park Service, and the Bureau of Reclamation, which comprise approximately 6,846 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled West Elk Addition Proposed Wilderness, dated November 22, 2023, are hereby designated as wilderness and, therefore, as components of the National Wilderness Preservation System and are hereby incorporated in and shall be deemed to be a part of the West Elk Wilderness designated by Public Law 88–577. The boundary adjacent to Blue Mesa Reservoir shall be 50 feet landward from the water’s edge, and shall change according to the water level.(d)

Blue mesa reservoir

If the Bureau of Reclamation determines that lands within the West Elk Wilderness are necessary for future expansion of the Blue Mesa Reservoir, the Secretary shall by publication of a revised boundary description in the Federal Register revise the boundary of the West Elk Wilderness.(e)

Maps and descriptions

As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of the Act, the Secretary shall file a map and a boundary description of each area designated as wilderness by this section with the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate. Each map and boundary description shall have the same force and effect as if included in this Act, except that the Secretary may correct clerical and typographical errors in the map or boundary description. The maps and boundary descriptions shall be on file and available for public inspection in the Office of the Director of the Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior, and in the Office of the Chief of the Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, as appropriate.(f)

State and private lands

Lands within the exterior boundaries of any wilderness area designated under this section that are owned by a private entity or by the State of Colorado, including lands administered by the Colorado State Land Board, shall be included within such wilderness area if such lands are acquired by the United States. Such lands may be acquired by the United States only as provided in the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.).

Administrative provisions

(a)

In general

Subject to valid existing rights, lands designated as wilderness by this Act shall be managed by the Secretary in accordance with the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.) and this Act, except that, with respect to any wilderness areas designated by this Act, any reference in the Wilderness Act to the effective date of the Wilderness Act shall be deemed to be a reference to the date of enactment of this Act.(b)

Grazing

Grazing of livestock in wilderness areas designated by this Act shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of section 4(d)(4) of the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1133(d)(4)), as further interpreted by section 108 of Public Law 96–560, and the guidelines set forth in appendix A of House Report 101–405 of the 101st Congress.(c)

State jurisdiction

As provided in section 4(d)(7) of the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1133(d)(7)), nothing in this Act shall be construed as affecting the jurisdiction or responsibilities of the State of Colorado with respect to wildlife and fish in Colorado.(d)

Buffer zones

(1)

In general

Nothing in this Act creates a protective perimeter or buffer zone around any area designated as wilderness by section 2.(2)

Activities outside wilderness

The fact that an activity or use on land outside the areas designated as wilderness by section 2 can be seen or heard within the wilderness shall not preclude the activity or use outside the boundary of the wilderness.(e)

Military helicopter overflights

(1)

In general

Nothing in this Act restricts or precludes—(A)low-level overflights of military helicopters over the areas designated as wilderness by section 2, including military overflights that can be seen or heard within any wilderness area;(B)military flight testing and evaluation; or(C)the designation or creation of new units of special use airspace, or the establishment of military flight training routes over any wilderness area.(2)

Aerial navigation training exercises

The Colorado Army National Guard, through the High-Altitude Army National Guard Aviation Training Site, may conduct aerial navigation training maneuver exercises over the wilderness areas designated by this Act—(A)in a manner consistent with the memorandum of understanding dated August 4, 1987, entered into among the Colorado Army National Guard, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Forest Service; or(B)in a manner consistent with a subsequent memorandum of understanding entered into among the Colorado Army National Guard, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Forest Service.(f)

Running events

The Secretary may continue to authorize competitive running events currently permitted in the Redcloud Peak Wilderness Area and Handies Peak Wilderness Area in a manner compatible with the preservation of such areas as wilderness.(g)

Potential wilderness designations

(1)

In general

The following lands are designated as potential wilderness areas:(A)Certain lands managed by the Glenwood Springs Field Office or located in the White River National Forest, which comprise approximately 20,742 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Deep Creek Proposed Wilderness and dated is December 30, 2025, which, upon designation as wilderness under paragraph (2), shall be known as the Deep Creek Wilderness.(B)Certain lands managed by the Glenwood Springs Field Office, which comprise approximately 7,376 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Pisgah East & West Proposed Wilderness and dated November 22, 2023, which, upon designation as wilderness under paragraph (2), shall be known as the Pisgah East Wilderness.(C)Certain lands managed by the Glenwood Springs Field Office, which comprise approximately 6,828 acres, as generally depicted on a map titled Pisgah East & West Proposed Wilderness and dated November 22, 2023, which, upon designation as wilderness under paragraph (2), shall be known as the Pisgah West Wilderness.(2)

Designation as wilderness

Lands designated as a potential wilderness area by subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1) shall be designated as wilderness on the date on which the Secretary publishes in the Federal Register a notice that all nonconforming uses of those lands authorized by subsection (e) in the potential wilderness area that would be in violation of the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.) have ceased. Such publication in the Federal Register and designation as wilderness shall occur for the potential wilderness area as the nonconforming uses cease in that potential wilderness area and designation as wilderness is not dependent on cessation of nonconforming uses in the other potential wilderness area.(3)

Management

Except for activities provided for under subsection (e), lands designated as a potential wilderness area by paragraph (1) shall be managed by the Secretary in accordance with the Wilderness Act as wilderness pending the designation of such lands as wilderness under this subsection.

Water

(a)

Effect on water rights

Nothing in this Act—(1)affects the use or allocation, in existence on the date of enactment of this Act, of any water, water right, or interest in water;(2)affects any vested absolute or decreed conditional water right in existence on the date of enactment of this Act, including any water right held by the United States;(3)affects any interstate water compact in existence on the date of enactment of this Act;(4)authorizes or imposes any new reserved Federal water rights; and(5)shall be considered to be a relinquishment or reduction of any water rights reserved or appropriated by the United States in the State on or before the date of the enactment of this Act.(b)

Midstream areas

(1)

Purpose

The purpose of this subsection is to protect for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations—(A)the unique and nationally important values of areas designated as wilderness by section 2(b) (including the geological, cultural, archaeological, paleontological, natural, scientific, recreational, environmental, biological, wilderness, wildlife, riparian, historical, educational, and scenic resources of the public land); and(B)the water resources of area streams, based on seasonally available flows, that are necessary to support aquatic, riparian, and terrestrial species and communities.(2)

Wilderness water rights

(A)

In general

The Secretary shall ensure that any water rights within the wilderness designated by section 2(b) required to fulfill the purposes of such wilderness are secured in accordance with subparagraphs (B) through (G).(B)

State law

(i)

Procedural requirements

Any water rights for which the Secretary pursues adjudication shall be appropriated, adjudicated, changed, and administered in accordance with the procedural requirements and priority system of State law.(ii)

Establishment of water rights

(I)

In general

Except as provided in subclause (II), the purposes and other substantive characteristics of the water rights pursued under this paragraph shall be established in accordance with State law.(II)

Exception

Notwithstanding subclause (I) and in accordance with this Act, the Secretary may appropriate and seek adjudication of water rights to maintain surface water levels and stream flows on and across the wilderness designated by section 2(b) to fulfill the purposes of such wilderness.(C)

Deadline

The Secretary shall promptly, but not earlier than January 1, 2027, appropriate the water rights required to fulfill the purposes of the wilderness designated by section 2(b).(D)

Required determination

The Secretary shall not pursue adjudication for any instream flow water rights unless the Secretary makes a determination pursuant to subparagraph (E)(ii) or (F).(E)

Cooperative enforcement

(i)

In general

The Secretary shall not pursue adjudication of any Federal instream flow water rights established under this paragraph if—(I)the Secretary determines, upon adjudication of the water rights by the Colorado Water Conservation Board, that the Board holds water rights sufficient in priority, amount, and timing to fulfill the purposes of this subsection; and(II)the Secretary has entered into a perpetual agreement with the Colorado Water Conservation Board to ensure full exercise, protection, and enforcement of the State water rights within the Wilderness to reliably fulfill the purposes of this subsection.(ii)

Adjudication

If the Secretary determines that the provisions of clause (i) have not been met, the Secretary shall adjudicate and exercise any Federal water rights required to fulfill the purposes of the Wilderness in accordance with this paragraph.(F)

Insufficient water rights

If the Colorado Water Conservation Board modifies the instream flow water rights obtained under subparagraph (E) to such a degree that the Secretary determines that water rights held by the State are insufficient to fulfill the purposes of this Act, the Secretary shall adjudicate and exercise Federal water rights required to fulfill the purposes of this Act in accordance with subparagraph (B).(G)

Failure to comply

The Secretary shall promptly act to exercise and enforce the water rights described in subparagraph (E) if the Secretary determines that—(i)the State is not exercising its water rights consistent with subparagraph (E)(i)(I); or(ii)the agreement described in subparagraph (E)(i)(II) is not fulfilled or complied with sufficiently to fulfill the purposes of this Act.(3)

Water resource facility

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, beginning on the date of enactment of this Act, neither the President nor any other officer, employee, or agent of the United States shall fund, assist, authorize, or issue a license or permit for development of any new irrigation and pumping facility, reservoir, water conservation work, aqueduct, canal, ditch, pipeline, well, hydropower project, transmission, other ancillary facility, or other water, diversion, storage, or carriage structure in the wilderness designated by section 2(b).(c)

Access and operation

(1)

Definition

As used in this subsection, the term water resource facility means irrigation and pumping facilities, reservoirs, water conservation works, aqueducts, canals, ditches, pipelines, wells, hydropower projects, and transmission and other ancillary facilities, and other water diversion, storage, and carriage structures.(2)

Access to water resource facilities

Subject to the provisions of this subsection, the Secretary shall allow reasonable access to water resource facilities in existence on the date of enactment of this Act within the areas described in sections 2(b) and 2(c), including motorized access where necessary and customarily employed on routes existing as of the date of enactment of this Act.(3)

Access routes

Existing access routes within such areas customarily employed as of the date of enactment of this Act may be used, maintained, repaired, and replaced to the extent necessary to maintain their present function, design, and serviceable operation, so long as such activities have no increased adverse impacts on the resources and values of the areas described in sections 2(b) and 2(c) than existed as of the date of enactment of this Act.(4)

Use of water resource facilities

Subject to the provisions of this subsection and subsection (a)(4), the Secretary shall allow water resource facilities existing on the date of enactment of this Act within areas described in sections 2(b) and 2(c) to be used, operated, maintained, repaired, and replaced to the extent necessary for the continued exercise, in accordance with Colorado State law, of vested water rights adjudicated for use in connection with such facilities by a court of competent jurisdiction prior to the date of enactment of this Act. The impact of an existing facility on the water resources and values of the area shall not be increased as a result of changes in the adjudicated type of use of such facility as of the date of enactment of this Act.(5)

Repair and maintenance

Water resource facilities, and access routes serving such facilities, existing within the areas described in sections 2(b) and 2(c) on the date of enactment of this Act shall be maintained and repaired when and to the extent necessary to prevent increased adverse impacts on the resources and values of the areas described in sections 2(b) and 2(c).