[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 6323 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>






119th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 6323

    To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to penalize improper 
 compliance with certain taxpayer requirements, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                           November 28, 2025

Mr. Panetta (for himself and Mr. Steube) introduced the following bill; 
         which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
    To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to penalize improper 
 compliance with certain taxpayer requirements, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; ETC.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Taxpayer 
Protection and Preparer Proficiency Act''.
    (b) References to Internal Revenue Code.--Except as otherwise 
expressly provided, whenever in this Act an amendment is expressed in 
terms of an amendment to a section or other provision, the reference 
shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
    (c) References to Secretary.--For purposes of this Act, the term 
``Secretary'' means the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's 
delegate.

SEC. 2. PENALTIES FOR TAX RETURN PREPARERS WHO IMPROPERLY ALTER 
              RETURNS.

    (a) In General.--Paragraph (1) of section 6696(e) is amended to 
read as follows:
            ``(1) Return.--The term `return' means--
                    ``(A) any return of any tax imposed by this title,
                    ``(B) any administrative adjustment request under 
                section 6227,
                    ``(C) any partnership adjustment tracking report 
                under section 6226(b)(4)(A), and
                    ``(D) any other document purporting to be a return, 
                request, or report described in subparagraphs (A) 
                through (C).''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall take 
effect on the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 3. PENALTIES FOR INVALID OR APPROPRIATED PREPARER IDENTIFICATION 
              NUMBERS.

    (a) In General.--Section 6695 is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Failure To Furnish Valid Identifying Number.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Penalty.--Any person who is a tax return 
                preparer with respect to any return or claim for refund 
                and who fails to furnish an identifying number which 
                complies with section 6109(a)(4)(A) with respect to 
                such return or claim shall pay a penalty of $250 for 
                such failure.
                    ``(B) Non-compliance.--For purposes of this 
                paragraph, an identifying number shall be deemed to not 
                comply with section 6109(a)(4)(A) if such identifying 
                number--
                            ``(i) is assigned to another person,
                            ``(ii) does not exist,
                            ``(iii) is inactive or expired,
                            ``(iv) has been withdrawn,
                            ``(v) is suspended or has been revoked, or
                            ``(vi) is otherwise invalid for use by the 
                        tax return preparer.
            ``(2) Exception.--The penalty imposed under paragraph (1) 
        shall not apply if it is shown that such failure is due to 
        reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect.
            ``(3) Limitation.--The maximum penalty imposed under this 
        subsection on any person with respect to documents filed during 
        any calendar year shall not exceed $75,000.'',
            (2) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i),
            (3) by inserting after subsection (g) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(h) Use of Invalid or Appropriated Electronic Filing 
Identification Number.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any person who is an electronic return 
        originator with respect to any return or claim for refund who 
        fails to use, with respect to such return or claim, an 
        electronic filing identification number which is assigned to 
        such person by the Secretary, shall pay a penalty of $250 for 
        such failure, unless it is shown that such failure is due to 
        reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect.
            ``(2) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection--
                    ``(A) Electronic return originator.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `electronic 
                        return originator' means a person who 
                        originates the electronic submission of 1 or 
                        more returns or claims for refund on behalf of 
                        other taxpayers.
                            ``(ii) Exceptions.--The term `electronic 
                        return originator' shall not include a person 
                        merely because such person originates an 
                        electronic submission described in clause (i)--
                                    ``(I) by furnishing mechanical 
                                assistance to a person described in 
                                such subclause,
                                    ``(II) at the direction of an 
                                employer (or of an officer or employee 
                                of the employer) by whom such person is 
                                regularly and continuously employed,
                                    ``(III) as a fiduciary, or
                                    ``(IV) in response to a 
                                determination that directly or 
                                indirectly affects the tax liability of 
                                a taxpayer.
                    ``(B) Electronic filing identification number.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `electronic 
                        filing identification number' means an 
                        identification number assigned by the Secretary 
                        to a person authorized to file returns in 
                        electronic format on behalf of other taxpayers.
                            ``(ii) Suspension or revocation.--In the 
                        case of any electronic filing identification 
                        number which has been suspended or revoked by 
                        the Secretary, such number shall not be deemed 
                        valid for purposes of paragraph (1).'', and
            (4) in subsection (i)(1), as redesignated by paragraph (2), 
        by striking ``and (g)'' and inserting ``(g), and (h)''.
    (b) Modification of Definition of Tax Return Preparer.--Section 
7701(a)(36) is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `tax return preparer' 
                means any person who prepares for compensation, or who 
                employs one or more persons to prepare for 
                compensation, any return of tax imposed by this title, 
                any document purporting to be a return of tax imposed 
                by this title, or any claim for refund of tax imposed 
                by this title. For purposes of the preceding sentence, 
                the preparation of a substantial portion of a return, 
                document purporting to be a return, or claim for refund 
                shall be treated as if it were the preparation of such 
                return, document purporting to be a return, or claim 
                for refund.'', and
            (2) in subparagraph (B)--
                    (A) in clause (ii), by striking ``return or claim 
                for refund'' and inserting ``return, document 
                purporting to be a return, or claim for refund'', and
                    (B) in clause (iii), by striking ``return or claim 
                for refund'' and inserting ``return, document 
                purporting to be a return, or claim for refund''.
    (c) Prevention of Inadvertent Errors Involving Identifying 
Numbers.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a program 
        to improve voluntary compliance with respect to requirements 
        under subsections (c) and (h) of section 6695 of the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by this section) and avoid the 
        imposition of penalties under such subsections.
            (2) Opportunity to correct.--For purposes of the program 
        described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                    (A) prior to acceptance for processing, identify--
                            (i) any return or claim for refund which 
                        has been electronically submitted and does not 
                        include an identifying number which complies 
                        with section 6109(a)(4)(A) of the Internal 
                        Revenue Code of 1986, and
                            (ii) any return or claim for refund which 
                        has been electronically submitted and does not 
                        include an electronic filing identification 
                        number (as defined in section 6695(h)(2)(B) of 
                        such Code), and
                    (B) provide an opportunity for the person who 
                submitted such return or claim for refund to avoid 
                imposition of a penalty under subsection (c) or (h) of 
                section 6695 of such Code, as applicable, if--
                            (i) such return or claim for refund is 
                        withdrawn, or
                            (ii) the correct identifying number or 
                        electronic filing identification number is 
                        provided.
    (d) Criminal Penalty.--
            (1) In general.--Part I of subchapter A of chapter 75 is 
        amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 7218. WILLFUL MISUSE OR MISAPPROPRIATION OF IDENTIFYING NUMBER.

    ``(a) In General.--Any tax return preparer who, with respect to any 
return, document purporting to be a return, or claim for refund--
            ``(1) willfully fails to furnish a valid preparer tax 
        identification number with intent to evade or defeat the 
        application of any requirement under any provision of this 
        title which requires such preparer to obtain and furnish such 
        number,
            ``(2) willfully furnishes a preparer tax identification 
        number which--
                    ``(A) does not exist,
                    ``(B) is inactive or expired,
                    ``(C) has been withdrawn,
                    ``(D) is suspended or has been revoked, or
                    ``(E) is otherwise invalid for use by such tax 
                return preparer, or
            ``(3) willfully furnishes a preparer tax identification 
        number which is assigned to another person,
shall, in addition to any other penalties provided by law, be guilty of 
a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than 
$50,000 ($100,000 in the case of a corporation), or imprisoned not more 
than 2 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution.
    ``(b) Preparer Tax Identification Number.--The term `preparer tax 
identification number' means an identifying number described in section 
6109(a)(4)(A).''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The table of sections for part I 
        of subchapter A of chapter 75 is amended by adding at the end 
        the following new item:

``Sec. 7218. Willful misuse or misappropriation of identifying 
                            number.''.
    (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to returns or claims for refund filed after the date which is 18 
months after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4. PENALTIES FOR IMPROPER TAX PREPARATION OR MISAPPROPRIATION OF 
              REFUNDS.

    (a) Other Assessable Penalties With Respect to the Preparation of 
Tax Returns for Other Persons.--Section 6695, as amended by the 
preceding provisions of this Act, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``$50'' and inserting ``$250'', and
                    (B) by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting 
                ``$50,000'',
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``$50'' and inserting ``$250'', and
                    (B) by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting 
                ``$75,000'',
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by striking ``$50'' and inserting ``$250'', and
                    (B) by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting 
                ``$50,000'',
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) by striking ``$50'' and inserting ``$250'', and
                    (B) by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting 
                ``$75,000'',
            (5) in subsection (g), by striking ``$500'' and inserting 
        ``$1,000'', and
            (6) in subsection (i)(1)--
                    (A) by striking ``2014'' and inserting ``2024'', 
                and
                    (B) by striking ``calendar year 2013'' and 
                inserting ``calendar year 2023''.
    (b) Misappropriation of Electronic Funds Transfer.--
            (1) In general.--Subsection (f) of section 6695 is amended 
        to read as follows:
    ``(f) Negotiation of Check; Misappropriation.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any person who is a tax return preparer 
        who--
                    ``(A) endorses or otherwise negotiates (directly or 
                through an agent) any check made in respect of the 
                taxes imposed by this title which is issued to a 
                taxpayer (other than the tax return preparer), or
                    ``(B) misappropriates any refund (or advance 
                payment with respect to a refundable credit), or any 
                portion thereof, issued to any taxpayer through an 
                electronic funds transfer,
        shall pay a penalty in an amount determined under paragraph 
        (2).
            ``(2) Penalty.--The amount of the penalty determined under 
        this paragraph shall, with respect to each check or transfer 
        described in paragraph (1), be equal to the greater of--
                    ``(A) $1,000, or
                    ``(B) the full amount of such check or transfer.
            ``(3) Exception.--Paragraph (1)(A) shall not apply with 
        respect to the deposit by a bank (within the meaning of section 
        581) of the full amount of the check in the taxpayer's account 
        in such bank for the benefit of the taxpayer.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 6695(i)(1) is amended by 
        striking ``(f),'' and inserting ``(f)(2)(A),''.

SEC. 5. AUTHORITY TO DENY, REVOKE, OR SUSPEND PREPARER TAX 
              IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS.

    (a) In General.--Section 6109 is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(4) Furnishing identifying number of tax return 
        preparer.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Any return or claim for refund 
                which is prepared by a tax return preparer shall bear 
                such identifying number for securing proper 
                identification of such preparer, their employer, or 
                both, as may be prescribed.
                    ``(B) Exception for supervised preparer.--
                Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to any 
                tax return preparer who prepares any return or claim 
                for refund if such preparer is--
                            ``(i) employed by a specified practitioner, 
                        and
                            ``(ii) under the supervision and direction 
                        of a tax return preparer who--
                                    ``(I) includes their identifying 
                                number (as described in subparagraph 
                                (A)) on such return or claim,
                                    ``(II) signs such return or claim, 
                                and
                                    ``(III) is a specified 
                                practitioner.
                    ``(C) Suspension or revocation.--In the case of any 
                identifying number which has been suspended or revoked 
                by the Secretary under subsection (e), such number 
                shall not be deemed valid for purposes of subparagraph 
                (A).
                    ``(D) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
                            ``(i) Specified practitioner.--The term 
                        `specified practitioner' means a certified 
                        public accountant, attorney, or enrolled 
                        agent--
                                    ``(I) who is in good standing and 
                                authorized to represent persons before 
                                the Department of the Treasury under 
                                section 330 of title 31, United States 
                                Code, and
                                    ``(II) whose professional license 
                                or certification has not been revoked.
                            ``(ii) Return; claim for refund.--The terms 
                        `return' and `claim for refund' have the 
                        respective meanings given to such terms by 
                        section 6696(e).'', and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Identifying Number of Tax Return Preparer.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall maintain a program 
        for administration of preparer tax identification numbers 
        required under subsection (a)(4), which shall include 
        restrictions on the issuance of such numbers to any individual 
        other than an individual who--
                    ``(A) meets the suitability requirements of 
                paragraph (2) and the education requirements of 
                paragraph (3),
                    ``(B) meets the state program requirements of 
                paragraph (4), or
                    ``(C) is a specified practitioner.
            ``(2) Demonstration of suitability.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An individual meets the 
                suitability requirements of this paragraph if such 
                individual has demonstrated to the Secretary the 
                individual's suitability to be a tax return preparer 
                by--
                            ``(i) providing such information as the 
                        Secretary determines necessary, and
                            ``(ii) undergoing a background check, 
                        including a review by the Secretary regarding 
                        compliance with personal tax obligations.
                    ``(B) Conduct demonstrating lack of suitability.--
                For purposes of subparagraph (A), an individual shall 
                be deemed to have failed to demonstrate their 
                suitability to be a tax return preparer if--
                            ``(i) any license or registration issued to 
                        such individual by a State to prepare tax 
                        returns has been suspended or revoked by such 
                        State, or
                            ``(ii) the Secretary determines that such 
                        individual is described in clauses (ii) through 
                        (vi) of paragraph (5)(A).
                    ``(C) Regulations and guidance.--The Secretary 
                shall issue such regulations or other guidance as the 
                Secretary determines necessary to carry out the 
                purposes of this paragraph.
                    ``(D) Prohibition on examinations.--For purposes of 
                subparagraph (A), except as provided in paragraph 
                (3)(C)(iii), the Secretary may not require an 
                examination as a prerequisite for the assignment or 
                renewal of a preparer tax identification number.
                    ``(E) Grandfathering of prior background checks.--
                For purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), in the case of an 
                individual who has undergone a background check prior 
                to the date of enactment of this subsection, the 
                Secretary may deem such individual to have satisfied 
                the requirement under such subparagraph.
            ``(3) Educational programs.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An individual meets the 
                education requirements of this paragraph if such 
                individual completes a specified number of hours of 
                educational programs on ethics, professional 
                responsibility, and tax law (including recently enacted 
                legislation) as may be required by the Secretary prior 
                to the assignment or renewal of a preparer tax 
                identification number.
                    ``(B) Additional educational requirements for 
                renewal.--The Secretary may require any individual 
                seeking the renewal of a preparer tax identification 
                number to complete educational programs in addition to 
                those required under subparagraph (A). Any educational 
                programs required under this subparagraph shall be 
                based on--
                            ``(i) a review of returns which include the 
                        preparer tax identification number of such 
                        preparer, and
                            ``(ii) any errors identified by the 
                        Secretary as part of the review described in 
                        clause (i).
                    ``(C) Other requirements.--For purposes of this 
                paragraph, the Secretary--
                            ``(i) may not require a tax return preparer 
                        to annually complete more than 18 hours of 
                        educational programs,
                            ``(ii) shall require that any educational 
                        program include written materials which satisfy 
                        such standards as are established by the 
                        Secretary,
                            ``(iii) may require that any educational 
                        program include a method to ensure that the tax 
                        return preparer attended the program and 
                        sufficiently understood the material presented, 
                        and
                            ``(iv) may not direct any educational 
                        program to be completed through a specific 
                        provider.
                    ``(D) Notice of failure to timely complete 
                requirements.--The Secretary shall provide any tax 
                return preparer who fails to complete the requirements 
                of this paragraph notice of such failure and a period 
                in which to cure such failure.
                    ``(E) Publication of approved courses.--The 
                Secretary shall publish, on the public website of the 
                Internal Revenue Service--
                            ``(i) a list of educational programs which 
                        have been determined by the Secretary to 
                        satisfy the requirement under clause (ii) of 
                        subparagraph (C) (and, if applicable, the 
                        requirement under clause (iii) of such 
                        subparagraph), including the providers of such 
                        programs, and
                            ``(ii) any such requirements as the 
                        Secretary deems necessary to impose with 
                        respect to any additional programs required 
                        under subparagraph (B).
            ``(4) Exemption.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), any 
                individual meets the state program requirements of this 
                paragraph if such individual maintains a valid State 
                license or registration issued by a State licensing 
                program or State registration program (including State 
                tax education councils) which includes examination, 
                education, and background check requirements that are 
                determined by the Secretary (on the basis of such 
                information as is provided by the taxpayer or State 
                program) to be comparable to the suitability 
                requirements described in paragraph (2) and the 
                education requirements described in paragraph (3).
                    ``(B) Grandfathering of certain programs.--For 
                purposes of subparagraph (A), with respect to 
                determining whether a State licensing program or State 
                registration program (including State tax education 
                councils) includes examination, education, and 
                background check requirements which are comparable to 
                the suitability requirements described in paragraph (2) 
                and the education requirements described in paragraph 
                (3), such determination shall be made by the Secretary 
                without regard to whether such requirements were 
                included in such program at the time that such 
                individual was licensed or registered under such 
                program, provided that such requirements are, as of the 
                date that such individual requested assignment or 
                renewal of a preparer tax identification number under 
                this subsection, presently included in such program.
            ``(5) Authority to revoke or suspend preparer tax 
        identification number.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may suspend or 
                revoke a preparer tax identification number if, after 
                notice and opportunity for a hearing, the Secretary 
                makes a determination that the tax return preparer--
                            ``(i) has not met--
                                    ``(I) the suitability requirements 
                                of paragraph (2) and the education 
                                requirements of paragraph (3), or
                                    ``(II) the State program 
                                requirements of paragraph (4),
                            ``(ii) is incompetent, as demonstrated by a 
                        repeated pattern of errors in returns that were 
                        prepared by such preparer or individuals who 
                        were supervised by such preparer (as described 
                        in subsection (a)(4)(B)) which affected the 
                        determination of tax liability in such returns,
                            ``(iii) is disreputable, as demonstrated 
                        by--
                                    ``(I) giving false or misleading 
                                information under paragraph (2)(A)(i),
                                    ``(II) failure to comply with 
                                personal tax obligations,
                                    ``(III) revocation or suspension of 
                                any license or registration issued by a 
                                State for the preparation of tax 
                                returns,
                                    ``(IV) conviction of any criminal 
                                offense--
                                            ``(aa) involving dishonesty 
                                        or breach of trust, or
                                            ``(bb) which is punishable 
                                        under this title,
                                    ``(V) a final determination of 
                                liability for a penalty pursuant to 
                                section 6694, 6695(h), 6700, 6701, or 
                                6702, or
                                    ``(VI) any conduct similar to the 
                                conduct described in subclauses (I) 
                                through (V),
                            ``(iv) in the case of a person subject to 
                        regulation under section 330 of title 31, 
                        United States Code, or regulations prescribed 
                        thereunder, has violated the requirements under 
                        such section or such regulations,
                            ``(v) with intent to defraud, willfully and 
                        knowingly misleads or threatens--
                                    ``(I) the person whose return or 
                                claim for refund is being prepared, or
                                    ``(II) a prospective person seeking 
                                for a return or claim for refund to be 
                                prepared, or
                            ``(vi) has engaged in conduct (as 
                        identified in regulations or guidance issued by 
                        the Secretary) which is similar to the conduct 
                        described in clauses (i) through (v) and that 
                        the denial, suspension, or revocation of such 
                        number would promote compliance with the 
                        requirements of this title and effective tax 
                        administration.
                    ``(B) Monetary penalty.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In addition to, or in 
                        lieu of, any suspension or revocation of a 
                        preparer tax identification number under 
                        subparagraph (A), the Secretary may impose a 
                        penalty in any amount not exceeding--
                                    ``(I) in the case of any 
                                determination made by the Secretary 
                                with respect to a tax return preparer 
                                which is described in subparagraph (A) 
                                (with the exception of clause (v) of 
                                such subparagraph), $1,000 with respect 
                                to each such determination, and
                                    ``(II) in the case of any 
                                determination made by the Secretary 
                                with respect to a tax return preparer 
                                which is described in subparagraph 
                                (A)(v), $5,000 with respect to each 
                                such determination.
                            ``(ii) Reduction.--Any penalty imposed 
                        under clause (i) shall be reduced by the amount 
                        of any penalty imposed under section 6694, 
                        6695, 6700, 6701, or 6702 with regard to the 
                        same conduct.
                            ``(iii) Adjustment for inflation.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--In the case of 
                                any penalty imposed during any calendar 
                                year beginning after 2025, the $1,000 
                                amount in clause (i)(I) and the $5,000 
                                amount in clause (i)(II) shall each be 
                                increased by an amount equal to--
                                            ``(aa) such dollar amount, 
                                        multiplied by
                                            ``(bb) the cost-of-living 
                                        adjustment determined under 
                                        section 1(f)(3) for the 
                                        calendar year, determined by 
                                        substituting `calendar year 
                                        2024' for `calendar year 2016' 
                                        in subparagraph (A)(ii) 
                                        thereof.
                                    ``(II) Rounding.--If any amount 
                                determined under subclause (I) is not a 
                                multiple of $100, such amount shall be 
                                rounded to the nearest multiple of 
                                $100.
                    ``(C) Reinstatement.--The Secretary shall, through 
                regulations or other guidance, establish procedures to 
                allow any tax return preparer whose preparer tax 
                identification number has been suspended or revoked 
                pursuant to subparagraph (A) to have such number 
                reissued (or, in the case of a suspension, for such 
                suspension to be terminated), provided that such 
                preparer demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the 
                Secretary, that--
                            ``(i) the conduct described in such 
                        paragraph which was the basis for such 
                        suspension or revocation has been sufficiently 
                        addressed or resolved (such as through 
                        completion of educational programs described in 
                        paragraph (3) or reinstatement of a license 
                        issued by a State for the preparation of tax 
                        returns), and
                            ``(ii) effective tax administration would 
                        be promoted by terminating the suspension of 
                        such number or reissuing such number to such 
                        preparer.
                    ``(D) Preliminary suspension.--
                            ``(i) In general.--After notice and 
                        opportunity to respond, the Secretary may 
                        suspend the preparer tax identification number 
                        of a tax return preparer for a period of not 
                        greater than 180 days if the Secretary 
                        determines that--
                                    ``(I) such tax return preparer has 
                                engaged in any conduct described in 
                                clauses (i) through (vi) of 
                                subparagraph (A), and
                                    ``(II) such suspension is necessary 
                                to prevent serious economic harm to 
                                taxpayers or serious impairment of 
                                effective tax administration, such as 
                                to prevent the filing of fraudulent 
                                returns or claims for refund.
                            ``(ii) Limitation.--For purposes of clause 
                        (i), if the preparer tax identification number 
                        of a tax return preparer has been suspended 
                        pursuant to such clause 2 times during any 5-
                        year period, the Secretary may not issue an 
                        additional suspension pursuant to such clause 
                        with respect to such preparer during such 
                        period unless such suspension is subsequent to 
                        a determination by the Secretary to suspend or 
                        revoke the preparer tax identification number 
                        of such preparer pursuant to subparagraph (A).
                    ``(E) Regulations.--Not later than 24 months after 
                the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary 
                shall issue such regulations or other guidance as the 
                Secretary determines necessary to carry out the 
                purposes of this paragraph, including--
                            ``(i) guidelines that identify the 
                        particular penalty applicable to any conduct 
                        described in subparagraph (A), and
                            ``(ii) the manner of notice and opportunity 
                        to respond for purposes of subparagraph (D).
            ``(6) Appeal.--In the case of any tax return preparer for 
        whom the Secretary has made a determination--
                    ``(A) that such preparer has not met the 
                requirements of paragraphs (2) and (3) or of paragraph 
                (4) and that issuance of a preparer tax identification 
                number should be denied,
                    ``(B) under paragraph (5)(A) that the preparer tax 
                identification number for such preparer should be 
                suspended or revoked, or
                    ``(C) that a penalty should be imposed pursuant to 
                paragraph (5)(B),
        such preparer shall be provided with an opportunity to appeal 
        such determination to the Internal Revenue Service Independent 
        Office of Appeals pursuant to procedures (as established by the 
        Secretary through regulations or other guidance) which are 
        similar to the procedures provided under section 330 of title 
        31, United States Code, or regulations prescribed thereunder.
            ``(7) Disclosure of final determinations.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In the case of any final 
                determination with respect to the extended suspension, 
                revocation, reissuance, or termination of an extended 
                suspension of a preparer tax identification number 
                under this subsection, not later than 30 days following 
                such determination, the Secretary shall publish such 
                determination on the public website of the Internal 
                Revenue Service, which shall include--
                            ``(i) a statement of the facts and 
                        circumstances relating to such determination, 
                        and
                            ``(ii) the reasons for the determination.
                    ``(B) Extended suspension.--For purposes of 
                subparagraph (A), the term `extended suspension' means 
                a suspension issued by the Secretary pursuant to 
                paragraph (5)(A) for a period of greater than 180 days.
            ``(8) Preparer tax identification number.--For purposes of 
        this subsection, the term `preparer tax identification number' 
        means an identifying number described in subsection 
        (a)(4)(A).''.
    (b) Information Returns of Tax Return Preparers.--Section 6060 is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d), and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) Additional Information From Supervisors.--In the case of a 
person required to make a return under subsection (a) who is described 
in section 6109(a)(4)(B)(ii)(III), such person shall include in such 
return--
            ``(1) the name and taxpayer identification number of any 
        tax return preparer under their supervision and direction who, 
        pursuant to subparagraph (B) of section 6109(a)(4), is exempted 
        from the requirement under subparagraph (A) of such section,
            ``(2) with respect to each tax return preparer described in 
        paragraph (1), whether such preparer is employed by such person 
        as of the date on which such return is made, and
            ``(3) such other information as the Secretary determines 
        appropriate.''.
    (c) Determinations Regarding Practice Before the Department.--
Section 330 of title 31, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Disclosure of Final Determinations.--In the case of any final 
determination under subsection (c) or (d), not later than 30 days 
following such determination, the Secretary shall publish such 
determination on a public website, which shall include--
            ``(1) a statement of the facts and circumstances relating 
        to such determination, and
            ``(2) the reasons for the determination.''.
    (d) Disclosure Relating to Misconduct by Practitioners and Tax 
Return Preparers.--
            (1) In general.--Section 6103(k) is amended by adding at 
        the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(16) Disclosure relating to misconduct by practitioners 
        and tax return preparers.--Under such procedures as the 
        Secretary may prescribe, the Secretary may disclose returns and 
        return information to the extent the Secretary determines it is 
        necessary to publish determinations pursuant to section 
        6109(e)(7) and section 330(e) of title 31, United States Code, 
        provided that such disclosure is redacted to remove--
                    ``(A) any name, address, or other identifying 
                information with respect to any persons other than the 
                representative or tax return preparer who is the 
                subject of such determination, and
                    ``(B) such other information as the Secretary 
                determines appropriate to protect the privacy of such 
                persons.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 6103(p)(3)(A) is amended 
        by striking ``or (9)'' and inserting ``(9), or (16)''.
    (e) Requirement To Include Identifying Number for Paid Preparer of 
Offer-in-Compromise.--
            (1) In general.--Section 6109(a) is amended by inserting 
        after paragraph (4) the following new paragraph:
            ``(5) Furnishing identifying number for offer-in-
        compromise.--Any offer-in-compromise (as described in section 
        7122) which has been prepared by any person for compensation 
        shall include such identifying number as may be prescribed for 
        securing proper identification of such person.''.
            (2) Penalty.--Section 7122 is amended by adding at the end 
        the following new subsection:
    ``(h) Failure To Furnish Identifying Number.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Penalty.--Any person who prepares an offer-
                in-compromise for compensation and who fails to include 
                an identifying number which complies with section 
                6109(a)(5) with respect to such offer-in-compromise 
                shall pay a penalty of $250 for such failure.
                    ``(B) Non-compliance.--For purposes of this 
                paragraph, an identifying number shall be deemed to not 
                comply with section 6109(a)(5) if such identifying 
                number--
                            ``(i) is assigned to another person,
                            ``(ii) does not exist,
                            ``(iii) is inactive or expired,
                            ``(iv) has been withdrawn,
                            ``(v) is suspended or has been revoked, or
                            ``(vi) is otherwise invalid for use by the 
                        preparer.
                    ``(C) Adjustment for inflation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of any 
                        documents filed during any calendar year 
                        beginning after 2025, the $250 amount in 
                        subparagraph (A) shall be increased by an 
                        amount equal to--
                                    ``(I) such dollar amount, 
                                multiplied by
                                    ``(II) the cost-of-living 
                                adjustment determined under section 
                                1(f)(3) for the calendar year, 
                                determined by substituting `calendar 
                                year 2024' for `calendar year 2016' in 
                                subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof.
                            ``(ii) Rounding.--If any amount determined 
                        under clause (i) is not a multiple of $10, such 
                        amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple 
                        of $10.
            ``(2) Exception.--The penalty imposed under paragraph (1) 
        shall not apply if it is shown that such failure is due to 
        reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect.
            ``(3) Limitation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The maximum penalty imposed 
                under this subsection on any person with respect to 
                documents filed during any calendar year shall not 
                exceed $75,000.
                    ``(B) Adjustment for inflation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of any 
                        penalty imposed during any calendar year 
                        beginning after 2025, the $75,000 amount in 
                        subparagraph (A) shall be increased by an 
                        amount equal to--
                                    ``(I) such dollar amount, 
                                multiplied by
                                    ``(II) the cost-of-living 
                                adjustment determined under section 
                                1(f)(3) for the calendar year, 
                                determined by substituting `calendar 
                                year 2024' for `calendar year 2016' in 
                                subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof.
                            ``(ii) Rounding.--If any amount determined 
                        under clause (i) is not a multiple of $1,000, 
                        such amount shall be rounded to the nearest 
                        multiple of $1,000.
            ``(4) Other applicable rules.--Rules similar to the rules 
        of section 6696 shall apply for purposes of this subsection.''.
    (f) GAO Study and Report on the Exchange of Information Between the 
IRS and State Taxation Authorities.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the 
        United States shall conduct a study and submit to Congress a 
        report on the sharing of information between the Secretary and 
        State authorities, as authorized under subsections (d) and 
        (k)(5) of section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 
        regarding identification numbers issued to paid tax return 
        preparers and return preparer minimum standards.
            (2) Increased information sharing.--The study and report 
        described in paragraph (1) shall include an analysis of the 
        impact that increased information sharing between Federal and 
        State authorities would have on efforts to enforce minimum 
        standards on paid tax return preparers.
    (g) Publication of Common Errors and Penalties.--Not later than 36 
months after the date of the enactment of this Act and annually 
thereafter, the Commissioner of the Internal Revenue shall publish on 
the public website of the Internal Revenue Service--
            (1) the 10 most frequent errors found on tax returns which 
        were prepared by tax return preparers (as defined in section 
        7701(a)(36) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) during the 
        preceding calendar year, and
            (2) with respect to the preceding calendar year, the top 10 
        reasons that tax return preparers were--
                    (A) subject to penalties imposed under the Internal 
                Revenue Code of 1986, or
                    (B) otherwise disciplined under section 6109 of 
                such Code or section 330 of title 31, United States 
                Code.
    (h) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section (or amendment 
made by this section) shall be construed to require the Secretary to 
eliminate or terminate any existing program or authority--
            (1) which, pursuant to section 330 of title 31, United 
        States Code, permits a tax return preparer to represent a 
        taxpayer before the Department of the Treasury in cases in 
        which such preparer prepared and signed the return of tax, or
            (2) for publication of a public database on the website of 
        the Internal Revenue Service of tax return preparers who have 
        satisfied the requirements for issuance of a preparer tax 
        identification number (as defined in section 6109(e)(8) of the 
        Internal Revenue Code of 1986).
    (i) Effective Date.--
            (1) In general.--The amendments made by this section shall 
        take effect on the date which is 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act.
            (2) Transition rules for educational requirements for tax 
        return preparers.--
                    (A) Annual filing season program.--In the case of 
                any tax return preparer who, as of the date of 
                enactment of this Act, has received a record of 
                completion with respect to the Annual Filing Season 
                Program established by the Internal Revenue Service, 
                such tax return preparer shall be deemed to have 
                satisfied the education requirements of section 
                6109(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as 
                added by this section) for the calendar year for which 
                such record of completion applies.
                    (B) Approved courses.--In the case of any entity 
                which, as of the date of enactment of this Act, is 
                approved to provide continuing education for purposes 
                of the Annual Filing Season Program established by the 
                Internal Revenue Service, such entity shall be deemed 
                to satisfy the applicable requirements under section 
                6109(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 until 
                the date on which the Secretary has--
                            (i) issued such regulations or other 
                        guidance as the Secretary determines necessary 
                        for purposes of establishing standards for 
                        educational programs under such section, and
                            (ii) pursuant to subparagraph (E) of such 
                        section, published a list of educational 
                        programs which have been determined by the 
                        Secretary to satisfy the applicable 
                        requirements under such section.
                                 <all>