Short title

This Act may be cited as the

Safer Supervision Act of 2023

Findings

Congress finds the following:(1)Over 110,000 people were on Federal supervised release as of June 2021.(2)The Supreme Court of the United States explained in Johnson v. United States that Supervised release departed from the parole system it replaced by giving district courts the freedom to provide postrelease supervision for those, and only those, who needed it. … Congress aimed, then, to use the district courts’ discretionary judgment to allocate supervision to those releasees who needed it most..(3)Federal probation officers report significant caseloads that can exceed 100 cases per officer. This can create a difficult burden for the officers and limit their ability to provide appropriate supervision to those who need it. (4)The potential for early termination or other modifications of supervision, when consistent with public safety, can not only reduce burdens and save valuable judicial resources, but also create positive incentives for compliance and rehabilitation consistent with the purposes of supervision. In the 12-month period ending in June 2021, early terminations were 23 percent of successful supervised release closures.(5)The Administrative Office of the United States Courts has explained that excessive correctional intervention for low-risk defendants may increase the probability of recidivism by disrupting prosocial activities and exposing defendants to antisocial associates..(6)Supervised release is and should remain an important tool for the Federal courts to use, as appropriate, to, among other items, protect the public from further crimes, deter future criminal conduct, and help the defendant become a contributing member of society by recovering from substance use disorder, participating in rehabilitation and training programs, and providing restitution to victims, among other outcomes.(7)Better tailoring when and how supervised release is imposed, encouraging early termination when appropriate, and expanding judicial discretion on certain revocations will reduce burdens on law enforcement officers and taxpayers, encourage compliance and improve public safety, and better assist defendants in their pursuit of rehabilitation and reintegration, to the benefit of themselves, victims, and communities.

Inclusion of a term of supervised release after imprisonment

Section 3583 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—(1)in subsection (a)—(A)by striking The court and inserting the following:

(1)

In general

The court

; and

(B)by adding at the end the following:

(2)

Individualized assessment

When determining whether to include a term of supervised release as part of the sentence, and except to the extent that a term of supervised release is required by statute as described in paragraph (1), the court shall— (A)make an individualized assessment under the factors set forth in subsections (c) and (d) as to— (i)whether such a term is appropriate; and (ii)the appropriate length and conditions of such a term; and (B)provide the reasons of the court for imposing or not imposing such a term on the record.

;

(2)in subsection (d), in the fifth sentence, by striking shall also and inserting may also; (3)in subsection (e)—(A)by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (4) as subparagraphs (A) through (D), respectively, and adjusting the margins accordingly;(B)by striking The court may, and inserting the following:

(1)

In general

Subject to paragraph (2), the court may,

;

(C)in subparagraph (A), as so redesignated, by striking after the expiration of one year of supervised release;(D)in subparagraph (C), as so redesignated, by striking this paragraph and inserting this subparagraph;(E)in subparagraph (D), as so redesignated, by striking this paragraph and inserting this subparagraph; and(F)by adding at the end the following:

(2)

Termination of supervised release

For purposes of the termination of supervised release under paragraph (1)(A)—(A)after a defendant has served 50 percent of the term of supervised release imposed on the defendant, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall provide notice to a defendant, defendant’s counsel, and any local Federal Public Defender Organization or Community Defender Organization of the opportunity to seek early termination of supervised release under paragraph (1)(A) and the process for doing so; (B)there shall be a presumption of early termination of supervised release for a defendant under supervision if—(i)(I)for a defendant serving a term of supervised release imposed in connection with a conviction for an offense described in subsection (a) of section 16, the defendant has served 66.6 percent of the term of supervised release imposed on the defendant; or(II)for a defendant other than a defendant described in subclause (I), the defendant has served 50 percent of the term of supervised release imposed on the defendant; (ii)the defendant has demonstrated good conduct and compliance while on supervised release; and(iii)the early termination will not jeopardize public safety;(C)the Government shall have an opportunity to object to a request for termination of supervised release and to present evidence, which the defendant shall have the opportunity to rebut, in any proceeding relating to such request; and(D)crime victims’ rights under section 3771 shall apply to any proceeding relating to a request for early termination of supervised release.(3)

Public safety

In assessing whether early termination will not jeopardize public safety under this subsection, the court shall consider the nature of the offense committed by the defendant, the defendant’s criminal history, the defendant’s record while incarcerated (including good behavior and violations of prison rules), the defendant’s efforts to reintegrate into the community and to avoid recidivism, any statements or information provided by victims of the offense, and other factors the court may find relevant to public safety. (4)

Assistance of counsel

The court may appoint a Federal public defender, a community defender, or other counsel qualified to be appointed under section 3006A to assist a defendant seeking early termination of supervised release under paragraph (1)(A) or modification of conditions under paragraph (1)(B).(5)

Rule of construction

Paragraph (2)(B) shall not be construed to limit the discretion of a court under paragraph (1).

;

(4)in subsection (g)—(A)in the subsection heading, by striking

possession of controlled substance or firearm or for refusal To comply with drug testing

and inserting

distribution of a controlled substance or possession of a firearm

;(B)by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:

(1)(A)possesses a controlled substance with the intent to distribute; or(B)possesses a controlled substance, the possession of which may be punished by imprisonment for a term exceeding 1 year;

;

(C)in paragraph (2), by inserting or at the end;(D)by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:

(3)willfully refuses to comply with drug testing imposed as a condition of supervised release;

;

(E)by striking paragraph (4); and(F)in the matter following paragraph (4), by striking subsection (e)(3) and inserting subsection (e)(1)(C); and(5)in subsection (k), in the second sentence, by striking subsection (e)(3) and inserting subsection (e)(1)(C).

Law enforcement availability pay for probation and pretrial services officers

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report containing a legislative proposal, and considerations for implementation of the proposal, that would provide law enforcement availability pay to Federal probation officers and pre-trial services officers that is equal to that provided to criminal investigators under section 5545a of title 5, United States Code.

GAO report

(a)

Initiation of study

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a study on Federal post-release supervision and reentry services.(b)

Report

The Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report regarding the study under subsection (a), which shall include findings and potential recommendations related to—(1)the number of individuals that have been placed on Federal probation or supervised release since 2019;(2)the process for transitioning an individual from the custody of the Bureau of Prisons to the Office of Probation and Pretrial Services or the custody of the United States Marshals Service;(3)a review of Federal programs or funding sources that aim to assist individuals from the custody of the Bureau of Prisons with reentry, including—(A)ongoing mental health and substance use counseling, housing, medical care, education, and job placement; and(B)any changes in such programs or funding since 2019; and(4)a workforce assessment of judicial districts, including an analysis of—(A)during 2020 and 2021, the number of officers, officer caseloads, and overtime hours worked, reported, or accrued; and(B)the system for tracking overtime hours worked by officers of the Office of Probation and Pretrial Services.