[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2002 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

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118th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2002

To establish the Interagency Group on Large-Scale Carbon Management in 
   the National Science and Technology Council and a Federal Carbon 
              Removal Initiative, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             June 14, 2023

   Ms. Sinema (for herself, Ms. Murkowski, Mr. Whitehouse, and Mrs. 
    Capito) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
   referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To establish the Interagency Group on Large-Scale Carbon Management in 
   the National Science and Technology Council and a Federal Carbon 
              Removal Initiative, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Carbon Removal, Efficient Agencies, 
Technology Expertise Act of 2023'' or the ``CREATE Act of 2023''.

SEC. 2. INTERAGENCY GROUP ON LARGE-SCALE CARBON MANAGEMENT AND FEDERAL 
              CARBON REMOVAL INITIATIVE.

    (a) Definition of Carbon Dioxide Removal.--In this section, the 
term ``carbon dioxide removal'' means the intentional capture of carbon 
dioxide directly from the ambient air or upper hydrosphere, combined 
with the storage of such carbon dioxide, that results in a net removal 
of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, as measured on a lifecycle 
basis, including through--
            (1) direct air capture and storage;
            (2) enhanced carbon mineralization;
            (3) biomass-based carbon dioxide removal;
            (4) forest restoration;
            (5) soil carbon management;
            (6) ocean-based carbon dioxide removal; and
            (7) any other approaches or methods identified by the 
        Interagency Group.
    (b) Interagency Group on Large-Scale Carbon Management.--
            (1) Establishment.--
                    (A) In general.--There is established in the 
                National Science and Technology Council an interagency 
                group on matters relating to large-scale management of 
                carbon.
                    (B) Designation.--The interagency group established 
                by subparagraph (A) shall be known as the ``Interagency 
                Group on Large-Scale Carbon Management'' (in this 
                section the ``Interagency Group'').
                    (C) Membership.--
                            (i) Composition.--The Interagency Group 
                        shall be composed of the members of the 
                        executive committee established under 
                        subsection (c)(1) and such other members as the 
                        executive committee considers appropriate.
                            (ii) Cochairpersons.--The members of the 
                        executive committee established by subsection 
                        (c)(1) shall be cochairpersons of the 
                        Interagency Group.
                            (iii) Evaluation and modification.--Not 
                        less frequently than once every 3 years, the 
                        National Science and Technology Council shall--
                                    (I) evaluate the composition, 
                                executive committee, and cochairpersons 
                                of the Interagency Group; and
                                    (II) implement such changes 
                                regarding such composition, executive 
                                committee, and cochairpersons as the 
                                Council determines appropriate pursuant 
                                to an evaluation under subclause (I).
            (2) Duties of the interagency group.--The duties of the 
        Interagency Group shall be as follows:
                    (A) Developing a strategic plan for Federal 
                research, development, and demonstration of 
                technological carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and storage.
                    (B) Overseeing working groups established under 
                subsection (d).
                    (C) Coordinating research, project, and budget 
                planning for matters relating to research, development, 
                and demonstration described in subparagraph (A).
                    (D) Identifying cost-effective carbon dioxide 
                removal technologies that are suitable for large-scale 
                demonstration.
                    (E) Identifying accurate monitoring, carbon dioxide 
                data collection, and long-term storage protocols for 
                carbon dioxide removal technologies, and assessing 
                environmental and social impacts as well as co-
                benefits.
                    (F) Engaging an independent entity to perform 
                periodic evaluations of the working groups established 
                under subsection (d).
    (c) Executive Committee.--
            (1) Establishment.--There is established in the Interagency 
        Group an executive committee.
            (2) Membership.--The executive committee established by 
        paragraph (1) shall be composed of the following:
                    (A) A senior official of the White House Office of 
                Science and Technology Policy selected by the Director 
                of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
                    (B) One senior official of the Department of Energy 
                selected by the Secretary of Energy.
                    (C) One senior official of the Department of 
                Agriculture selected by the Secretary of Agriculture.
                    (D) One senior official of the Department of 
                Defense selected by the Secretary of Defense.
                    (E) One senior official of the National Oceanic and 
                Atmospheric Administration selected by the 
                Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                Administration.
                    (F) One senior official of the Environmental 
                Protection Agency selected by the Administrator of the 
                Environmental Protection Agency.
    (d) Working Groups and Carbon Removal Initiative.--
            (1) Establishment.--
                    (A) In general.--The Interagency Group shall 
                establish working groups in accordance with paragraph 
                (2) which shall carry out an initiative on 
                technological and detailed research, development, and 
                demonstration of carbon dioxide removal technology.
                    (B) Designation of initiative.--The initiative 
                carried out under subparagraph (A) shall be known as 
                the ``Carbon Removal Initiative''.
            (2) Working group foci.--The working groups established 
        under paragraph (1) are as follows:
                    (A) Oceans.--
                            (i) In general.--One working group to focus 
                        on matters relating to carbon dioxide removal 
                        from the oceans and coastal regions.
                            (ii) Membership.--The working group 
                        described in clause (i) shall be composed of 7 
                        members as follows:
                                    (I) One individual selected by the 
                                Administrator of the National Oceanic 
                                and Atmospheric Administration from 
                                among employees of the National Oceanic 
                                and Atmospheric Administration.
                                    (II) One individual selected by the 
                                Administrator of the National 
                                Aeronautics and Space Administration 
                                from among employees of the National 
                                Aeronautics and Space Administration.
                                    (III) One individual selected by 
                                the Secretary of Defense from among 
                                employees of the Department of Defense.
                                    (IV) One individual selected by the 
                                Director of the National Science 
                                Foundation from among employees of the 
                                National Science Foundation.
                                    (V) Two individuals selected by the 
                                Secretary of the Interior from among 
                                employees of the Department of the 
                                Interior.
                                    (VI) One individual selected by the 
                                Administrator of the Environmental 
                                Protection Agency from among employees 
                                of the Environmental Protection Agency.
                            (iii) Cochairpersons.--The individuals 
                        selected under subclauses (I) and (IV) of 
                        clause (ii) shall serve as cochairpersons of 
                        the working group established under clause (i).
                    (B) Terrestrial.--
                            (i) In general.--One working group to focus 
                        on terrestrial and biological matters relating 
                        to carbon dioxide removal.
                            (ii) Membership.--The working group 
                        described in clause (i) shall be composed of 6 
                        members as follows:
                                    (I) Two individuals, one of whom 
                                shall be selected by the Secretary of 
                                Agriculture from among employees of the 
                                Department of Agriculture and one of 
                                whom shall be selected by the Chief of 
                                the Forest Service from among employees 
                                of the Forest Service.
                                    (II) One individual selected by the 
                                Secretary of Energy from among 
                                employees of the Department of Energy.
                                    (III) One individual selected by 
                                the Secretary of the Interior from 
                                among employees of the Department of 
                                the Interior.
                                    (IV) One individual selected by the 
                                Director of the National Science 
                                Foundation from among employees of the 
                                National Science Foundation.
                                    (V) One individual selected by the 
                                Administrator of the Environmental 
                                Protection Agency from among employees 
                                of the Environmental Protection Agency.
                            (iii) Cochairpersons.--The individuals 
                        selected under subclauses (I) and (II) of 
                        clause (ii) shall serve as cochairpersons of 
                        the working group established under clause (i).
                    (C) Geological.--
                            (i) In general.--One working group to focus 
                        on geological matters relating to carbon 
                        dioxide removal and storage.
                            (ii) Membership.--The working group 
                        described in clause (i) shall be composed of 4 
                        members as follows:
                                    (I) One individual selected by the 
                                Secretary of Energy from among 
                                employees of the Department of Energy.
                                    (II) One individual selected by the 
                                Secretary of the Interior from among 
                                employees of the United States 
                                Geological Survey.
                                    (III) One individual selected by 
                                the Director of the National Science 
                                Foundation from among employees of the 
                                National Science Foundation.
                                    (IV) One individual selected by the 
                                Administrator of the Environmental 
                                Protection Agency from among employees 
                                of the Environmental Protection Agency.
                            (iii) Cochairpersons.--The individuals 
                        selected under subclauses (I) and (II) of 
                        clause (ii) shall serve as cochairpersons of 
                        the working group established under clause (i).
                    (D) Technological.--
                            (i) In general.--One working group to focus 
                        on technological matters relating to carbon 
                        dioxide removal.
                            (ii) Membership.--The working group 
                        described in clause (i) shall be composed of 7 
                        members as follows:
                                    (I) One individual selected by the 
                                Secretary of Energy from among 
                                employees of the Department of Energy.
                                    (II) One individual selected by the 
                                Secretary of Defense from among 
                                employees of the Department of Defense.
                                    (III) One individual selected by 
                                the Administrator of the National 
                                Aeronautics and Space Administration 
                                from among employees of the National 
                                Aeronautics and Space Administration.
                                    (IV) One individual selected by the 
                                Director of the National Science 
                                Foundation from among employees of the 
                                National Science Foundation.
                                    (V) One individual selected by the 
                                Secretary of Commerce from among 
                                employees of the National Institute of 
                                Standards and Technology.
                                    (VI) One individual selected by the 
                                Administrator of the Environmental 
                                Protection Agency from among employees 
                                of the Environmental Protection Agency.
                                    (VII) One individual selected by 
                                the Secretary of Transportation from 
                                among employees of the Department of 
                                Transportation.
                            (iii) Cochairpersons.--The individuals 
                        selected under subclauses (I) and (III) of 
                        clause (ii) shall serve as cochairpersons of 
                        the working group established under clause (i).
            (3) Evaluation and modification.--Not less frequently than 
        once every 3 years, the National Science and Technology Council 
        shall--
                    (A) evaluate the working groups established 
                pursuant to paragraph (1); and
                    (B) implement such changes regarding the working 
                groups as the Council determines appropriate pursuant 
                to an evaluation under subparagraph (A).
    (e) Annual Budget Crosscut Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not less frequently than once each year, 
        the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall 
        assist in the coordination of the initiative carried out under 
        subsection (d)(1)(A) by conducting a budget crosscut review--
                    (A) to ensure that budget proposals from members of 
                the working groups established under such subsection 
                are integrated with the overall budget for each Federal 
                department and agency participating in such working 
                groups; and
                    (B) to ensure that the various staff of the Office 
                of Management and Budget review and act on Federal 
                department and agency budget proposals for research, 
                development, and demonstration of carbon dioxide 
                removal technology in a holistic fashion.
            (2) Submittal to congress.--Along with each submission of 
        the President pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United 
        States Code, the Director shall submit to Congress a report on 
        the findings of the Director with respect to the most recently 
        completed budget crosscut review under paragraph (1).
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