[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1878 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

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118th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 1878

  To increase the number of judgeships for the United States Court of 
Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and certain district courts of the United 
                    States, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                              June 8, 2023

 Mr. Sullivan (for himself, Mr. Crapo, Mr. Daines, Ms. Murkowski, and 
  Mr. Risch) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
               referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To increase the number of judgeships for the United States Court of 
Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and certain district courts of the United 
                    States, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Judicial Efficiency Improvement 
Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Former ninth circuit.--The term ``former ninth 
        circuit'' means the ninth judicial circuit of the United States 
        as in existence on the day before the effective date of this 
        Act.
            (2) New ninth circuit.--The term ``new ninth circuit'' 
        means the ninth judicial circuit of the United States 
        established by the amendment made by section 3(2)(A).
            (3) Twelfth circuit.--The term ``twelfth circuit'' means 
        the twelfth judicial circuit of the United States established 
        by the amendment made by section 3(2)(B).

SEC. 3. NUMBER AND COMPOSITION OF CIRCUITS.

    Section 41 of title 28, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding the table, by striking 
        ``thirteen'' and inserting ``fourteen''; and
            (2) in the table--
                    (A) by striking the item relating to the ninth 
                circuit and inserting the following:

    ``Ninth........................
                                        California, Guam, Hawaii, 
                                                Northern Mariana 
                                                Islands.'';

            and
                    (B) by inserting after the item relating to the 
                eleventh circuit the following:

    ``Twelfth......................
                                        Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, 
                                                Montana, Nevada, 
                                                Oregon, Washington.''.

SEC. 4. CIRCUIT COURT JUDGESHIPS.

    (a) New Judgeships.--The President shall appoint, by and with the 
advice and consent of the Senate, 2 additional circuit judges for the 
new ninth circuit, whose official duty station shall be in California.
    (b) Effective Date.--This section shall take effect on the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 5. NUMBER OF CIRCUIT JUDGES.

    The table in section 44(a) of title 28, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by striking the item relating to the ninth circuit and 
        inserting the following:

``Ninth ....................................................      18'';
    and
            (2) by inserting after the item relating to the eleventh 
        circuit the following:

``Twelfth ..................................................      13''.

SEC. 6. PLACES OF CIRCUIT COURT.

    The table in section 48(a) of title 28, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by striking the item relating to the ninth circuit and 
        inserting the following:

    ``Ninth........................
                                        Honolulu, Pasadena, San 
                                                Francisco.'';

    and
            (2) by inserting after the item relating to the eleventh 
        circuit the following:

    ``Twelfth......................
                                        Las Vegas, Phoenix, Portland, 
                                                Seattle.''.

SEC. 7. LOCATION OF TWELFTH CIRCUIT HEADQUARTERS.

    The offices of the Circuit Executive of the Twelfth Circuit and the 
Clerk of the Court of the Twelfth Circuit shall be located in Seattle, 
Washington.

SEC. 8. ASSIGNMENT OF CIRCUIT JUDGES.

    Each circuit judge of the former ninth circuit who is in regular 
active service and whose official duty station on the day before the 
effective date of this Act--
            (1) is in California, Guam, Hawaii, or the Northern Mariana 
        Islands shall be a circuit judge of the new ninth circuit as of 
        that effective date; and
            (2) is in Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, 
        or Washington shall be a circuit judge of the twelfth circuit 
        as of that effective date.

SEC. 9. ELECTION OF ASSIGNMENT BY SENIOR JUDGES.

    Each judge who is a senior circuit judge of the former ninth 
circuit on the day before the effective date of this Act--
            (1) may elect to be assigned to the new ninth circuit or 
        the twelfth circuit as of that effective date; and
            (2) shall notify the Director of the Administrative Office 
        of the United States Courts of the election made under 
        paragraph (1).

SEC. 10. SENIORITY OF JUDGES.

    The seniority of each judge who is assigned under section 8 or 
elects to be assigned under section 9 shall run from the date of 
commission of the judge as a judge of the former ninth circuit.

SEC. 11. APPLICATION TO CASES.

    The following apply to any case in which, on the day before the 
effective date of this Act, an appeal or other proceeding has been 
filed with the former ninth circuit:
            (1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), if the matter has 
        been submitted for decision, further proceedings with respect 
        to the matter shall be had in the same manner and with the same 
        effect as if this Act had not been enacted.
            (2) If the matter has not been submitted for decision, the 
        appeal or proceeding, together with the original papers, 
        printed records, and record entries duly certified, shall, by 
        appropriate orders, be transferred to the court to which the 
        matter would have been submitted had this Act been in full 
        force and effect on the date on which the appeal was taken or 
        other proceeding commenced, and further proceedings with 
        respect to the case shall be had in the same manner and with 
        the same effect as if the appeal or other proceeding had been 
        filed in that court.
            (3) If a petition for rehearing en banc is pending on or 
        after the effective date of this Act, the petition shall be 
        considered by the court of appeals to which the petition would 
        have been submitted had this Act been in full force and effect 
        on the date on which the appeal or other proceeding was filed 
        with the court of appeals.

SEC. 12. TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENT OF CIRCUIT JUDGES AMONG CIRCUITS.

    Section 291 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(c) The chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the 
Ninth Circuit may, in the public interest and upon request by the chief 
judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Twelfth Circuit, 
designate and assign temporarily any circuit judge of the Ninth Circuit 
to act as circuit judge in the Twelfth Circuit.
    ``(d) The chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the 
Twelfth Circuit may, in the public interest and upon request by the 
chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth 
Circuit, designate and assign temporarily any circuit judge of the 
Twelfth Circuit to act as circuit judge in the Ninth Circuit.''.

SEC. 13. TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENT OF DISTRICT JUDGES AMONG CIRCUITS.

    Section 292 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(f) The chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the 
Ninth Circuit may in the public interest--
            ``(1) upon request by the chief judge of the United States 
        Court of Appeals for the Twelfth Circuit, designate and assign 
        one or more district judges of the Ninth Circuit to sit upon 
        the Court of Appeals of the Twelfth Circuit, or a division 
        thereof, whenever the business of that court so requires; and
            ``(2) designate and assign temporarily any district judge 
        of the Ninth Circuit to hold a district court in any district 
        within the Twelfth Circuit.
    ``(g) The chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the 
Twelfth Circuit may in the public interest--
            ``(1) upon request by the chief judge of the United States 
        Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, designate and assign 
        one or more district judges of the Twelfth Circuit to sit upon 
        the Court of Appeals of the Ninth Circuit, or a division 
        thereof, whenever the business of that court so requires; and
            ``(2) designate and assign temporarily any district judge 
        of the Twelfth Circuit to hold a district court in any district 
        within the Ninth Circuit.
    ``(h) Any designation or assignment under subsection (f) or (g) 
shall be in conformity with the rules or orders of the court of appeals 
of, or the district within, as applicable, the circuit to which the 
judge is designated or assigned.''.

SEC. 14. DISTRICT JUDGES FOR THE DISTRICT COURTS.

    (a) Additional Judgeships.--The President shall appoint, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate--
            (1) 2 additional district judges for the district of 
        Arizona;
            (2) 9 additional district judges for the central district 
        of California;
            (3) 4 additional district judges for the eastern district 
        of California;
            (4) 6 additional district judges for the northern district 
        of California;
            (5) 2 additional district judges for the southern district 
        of California;
            (6) 2 additional district judges for the district of 
        Colorado;
            (7) 2 additional district judges for the district of 
        Delaware;
            (8) 5 additional district judges for the middle district of 
        Florida;
            (9) 1 additional district judge for the northern district 
        of Florida;
            (10) 3 additional district judges for the southern district 
        of Florida;
            (11) 2 additional district judges for the northern district 
        of Georgia;
            (12) 1 additional district judge for the district of Idaho;
            (13) 1 additional district judge for the southern district 
        of Indiana;
            (14) 1 additional district judge for the northern district 
        of Iowa;
            (15) 1 additional district judge for the district of 
        Nebraska;
            (16) 3 additional district judges for the district of New 
        Jersey;
            (17) 2 additional district judges for the eastern district 
        of New York;
            (18) 2 additional district judges for the southern district 
        of New York;
            (19) 1 additional district judge for the western district 
        of New York;
            (20) 2 additional district judges for the eastern district 
        of Oklahoma;
            (21) 1 additional district judge for the northern district 
        of Oklahoma;
            (22) 2 additional district judges for the eastern district 
        of Texas;
            (23) 1 additional district judge for the northern district 
        of Texas;
            (24) 4 additional district judges for the southern district 
        of Texas; and
            (25) 6 additional district judges for the western district 
        of Texas.
    (b) Extension of Temporary Judgeships.--Section 203(c) of the 
Judicial Improvements Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-650; 28 U.S.C. 133 
note) is amended, in second sentence of the matter following paragraph 
(12), by striking ``31 years'' and inserting ``36 years''.
    (c) Conversion of Temporary Judgeships.--The existing judgeship for 
the eastern district of Missouri authorized by section 203(c) of the 
Judicial Improvements Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-650; 28 U.S.C. 133 
note) and the existing judgeships for the district of Arizona, the 
central district of California, the southern district of Florida, the 
district of New Mexico, the western district of North Carolina, and the 
eastern district of Texas authorized by section 312(c) of the 21st 
Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act (Public 
Law 107-273, 28 U.S.C. 133 note), as of the date of enactment of this 
Act, shall be authorized under section 133 of title 28, United States 
Code, and the incumbents in those offices shall hold the office under 
section 133 of title 28, United States Code, as amended by this Act.
    (d) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The table contained in 
section 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking the item relating to the district of 
        Arizona and inserting the following:


  ``Arizona............................  15'';
 

            (2) by striking the items relating to California and 
        inserting the following:


  ``California:
  Northern.............................  20
  Eastern..............................  10
  Central..............................  37
  Southern.............................  15'';
 

            (3) by striking the item relating to the district of 
        Colorado and inserting the following:


  ``Colorado...........................  9'';
 

            (4) by striking the item relating to the district of 
        Delaware and inserting the following:


  ``Delaware...........................  6'';
 

            (5) by striking the items relating to Florida and inserting 
        the following:


  ``Florida:
  Northern.............................  5
  Middle...............................  20
  Southern.............................  21'';
 

            (6) by striking the items relating to Georgia and inserting 
        the following:


  ``Georgia:
  Northern.............................  13
  Middle...............................  4
  Southern.............................  3'';
 

            (7) by striking the item relating to Idaho and inserting 
        the following:


  ``Idaho..............................  3'';
 

            (8) by striking the items relating to Indiana and inserting 
        the following:


  ``Indiana:
  Northern.............................  5
  Southern.............................  6'';
 

            (9) by striking the items relating to Indiana and inserting 
        the following:


  ``Iowa:
  Northern.............................  3
  Southern.............................  3'';
 

            (10) by striking the items relating to Nebraska and 
        inserting the following:


  ``Nebraska...........................  4'';
 

            (11) by striking the item relating to New Jersey and 
        inserting the following:


  ``New Jersey.........................  20'';
 

            (12) by striking the items relating to New York and 
        inserting the following:


  ``New York:
  Southern.............................  30
  Eastern..............................  17
  Western..............................  5'';
 

            (13) by striking the items relating to Oklahoma and 
        inserting the following:


  ``North Carolina:
  Eastern..............................  3.5
  Northern.............................  4.5'';
 

        and
            (14) by striking the items relating to Texas and inserting 
        the following:


  ``Texas:
  Northern.............................  13
  Southern.............................  23
  Eastern..............................  10
  Western..............................  19''.
 

SEC. 15. ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) Transition Authority.--The court of appeals for the ninth 
circuit as constituted on the day before the effective date of this Act 
may take any administrative action that is required to carry out this 
Act and the amendments made by this Act.
    (b) Administrative Termination.--The court described in subsection 
(a) shall cease to exist for administrative purposes 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 16. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be 
necessary to carry out this Act, including funds for additional court 
facilities.

SEC. 17. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    Except as provided in section 4(c), this Act and the amendments 
made by this Act shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act.
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