98 HR 9727 IH: Voter Empowerment Act of 2024
U.S. House of Representatives
2024-09-20
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EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
I
118th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 9727
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
September 20, 2024
Mr. Clyburn introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on House Administration, and in addition to the Committees on the Judiciary, Oversight and Accountability, Science, Space, and Technology, Education and the Workforce, and Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
A BILL
To modernize voter registration, promote access to voting for individuals with disabilities, protect the ability of individuals to exercise the right to vote in elections for Federal office, and for other purposes.
1.

Short title; statement of policy
(a)

Short title
This Act may be cited as the “Voter Empowerment Act of 2024”.
(b)

Statement of policy
It is the policy of the United States that—
(1)
the ability of all eligible citizens of the United States to access and exercise their constitutional right to vote in a free, fair, and timely manner must be vigilantly enhanced, protected, and maintained; and
(2)
the integrity, security, and accountability of the voting process must be vigilantly protected, maintained, and enhanced in order to protect and preserve electoral and participatory democracy in the United States.
2.

Table of contents
The table of contents of this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; statement of policy.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
Title I—Voter Registration Modernization
Sec. 100. Short title.
Subtitle A—Promoting Internet Registration
Sec. 101. Requiring availability of internet for voter registration.
Sec. 102. Use of internet to update registration information.
Sec. 103. Provision of election information by electronic mail to individuals registered to vote.
Sec. 104. Clarification of requirement regarding necessary information to show eligibility to vote.
Sec. 105. Prohibiting State from requiring applicants to provide more than last 4 digits of Social Security number.
Sec. 106. Application of rules to certain exempt States.
Sec. 107. Effective date.
Subtitle B—Automatic Voter Registration
Sec. 111. Short title; findings and purpose.
Sec. 112. Automatic registration of eligible individuals.
Sec. 113. Contributing agency assistance in registration.
Sec. 114. One-time contributing agency assistance in registration of eligible voters in existing records.
Sec. 115. Voter protection and security in automatic registration.
Sec. 116. Registration portability and correction.
Sec. 117. Payments and grants.
Sec. 118. Treatment of exempt States.
Sec. 119. Miscellaneous provisions.
Sec. 120. Definitions.
Sec. 121. Effective date.
Subtitle C—Same Day Voter Registration
Sec. 131. Same day registration.
Subtitle D—Conditions on Removal on Basis of Interstate Cross-Checks
Sec. 141. Conditions on removal of registrants from official list of eligible voters on basis of interstate cross-Checks.
Subtitle E—Other Initiatives To Promote Voter Registration
Sec. 151. Biennial reports on voter registration statistics.
Sec. 152. Ensuring pre-election registration deadlines are consistent with timing of legal public holidays.
Sec. 153. Use of Postal Service hard copy change of address form to remind individuals to update voter registration.
Sec. 154. Grants to States for activities to encourage involvement of minors in election activities.
Subtitle F—Availability of HAVA Requirements Payments
Sec. 161. Availability of requirements payments under HAVA To cover costs of compliance with new requirements.
Subtitle G—Prohibiting Interference With Voter Registration
Sec. 171. Prohibiting hindering, interfering with, or preventing voter registration.
Sec. 172. Establishment of best practices.
Subtitle H—Voter Registration Efficiency Act
Sec. 181. Short title.
Sec. 182. Requiring applicants for motor vehicle driver’s licenses in new State to indicate whether State serves as residence for voter registration purposes.
Subtitle I—Providing Voter Registration Information to Secondary School Students
Sec. 191. Pilot program for providing voter registration information to secondary school students prior to graduation.
Sec. 192. Reports.
Sec. 193. Authorization of appropriations.
Subtitle J—Voter Registration of Minors
Sec. 194. Acceptance of voter registration applications from individuals under 18 years of age.
Title II—Access to Voting for Individuals With Disabilities
Sec. 201. Requirements for State to promote access to voter registration and voting for individuals with disabilities.
Sec. 202. Establishment and maintenance of State accessible election websites.
Sec. 203. Protections for in-person voting for individuals with disabilities and older individuals.
Sec. 204. Protections for individuals subject to guardianship.
Sec. 205. Expansion and reauthorization of grant program to assure voting access for individuals with disabilities.
Sec. 206. Appointments to EAC Board of Advisors.
Sec. 207. Pilot programs for enabling individuals with disabilities to register to vote privately and independently at residences.
Sec. 208. GAO analysis and report on voting access for individuals with disabilities.
Title III—Prohibiting Voter Caging
Sec. 301. Voter caging and other questionable challenges prohibited.
Sec. 302. Development and adoption of best practices for preventing voter caging.
Title IV—Prohibiting Deceptive Practices and Preventing Voter Intimidation
Sec. 401. Short title.
Sec. 402. Prohibition on deceptive practices in Federal elections.
Sec. 403. Corrective action.
Sec. 404. Reports to Congress.
Title V—Democracy Restoration
Sec. 501. Short title.
Sec. 502. Findings.
Sec. 503. Rights of citizens.
Sec. 504. Enforcement.
Sec. 505. Notification of restoration of voting rights.
Sec. 506. Definitions.
Sec. 507. Relation to other laws.
Sec. 508. Federal prison funds.
Sec. 509. Effective date.
Title VI—Promoting Accuracy, Integrity, and Security Through Voter-Verified Permanent Paper Ballot
Sec. 601. Short title.
Sec. 602. Paper ballot and manual counting requirements.
Sec. 603. Accessibility and ballot verification for individuals with disabilities.
Sec. 604. Durability and readability requirements for ballots.
Sec. 605. Study and report on optimal ballot design.
Sec. 606. Paper ballot printing requirements.
Sec. 607. Effective date for new requirements.
Title VII—Provisional Ballots
Sec. 701. Requirements for counting provisional ballots; establishment of uniform and nondiscriminatory standards.
Title VIII—Early Voting
Sec. 801. Early voting.
Title IX—Voting by Mail
Sec. 901. Voting by mail.
Sec. 902. Absentee ballot tracking program.
Sec. 903. Election mail and delivery improvements.
Sec. 904. Voting materials postage.
Title X—Absent Uniformed Services Voters and Overseas Voters
Sec. 1001. Pre-election reports on availability and transmission of absentee ballots.
Sec. 1002. Enforcement.
Sec. 1003. Revisions to 45-day absentee ballot transmission rule.
Sec. 1004. Use of single absentee ballot application for subsequent elections.
Sec. 1005. Extending guarantee of residency for voting purposes to family members of absent military personnel.
Sec. 1006. Requiring transmission of blank absentee ballots under UOCAVA to certain voters.
Sec. 1007. Effective date.
Title XI—Poll Worker Recruitment and Training
Sec. 1101. Grants to States for poll worker recruitment and training.
Sec. 1102. State defined.
Title XII—Enhancement of Enforcement
Sec. 1201. Enhancement of enforcement of Help America Vote Act of 2002.
Title XIII—Federal Election Integrity
Sec. 1301. Prohibition on campaign activities by chief State election administration officials.
Title XIV—Promoting Voter Access Through Election Administration Improvements
Subtitle A—Promoting Voter Access
Sec. 1401. Treatment of institutions of higher education.
Sec. 1402. Minimum notification requirements for voters affected by polling place changes.
Sec. 1403. Permitting use of sworn written statement to meet identification requirements for voting.
Sec. 1404. Accommodations for voters residing in Indian lands.
Sec. 1405. Ensuring equitable and efficient operation of polling places.
Sec. 1406. Requiring State to provide secured drop boxes for voted absentee ballots in elections for Federal office.
Sec. 1407. Prohibiting States from restricting curbside voting.
Subtitle B—Disaster and Emergency Contingency Plans
Sec. 1411. Requirements for Federal election contingency plans in response to natural disasters and emergencies.
Subtitle C—Improvements in Operation of Election Assistance Commission
Sec. 1421. Reauthorization of Election Assistance Commission.
Sec. 1422. Requiring States to participate in post-general election surveys.
Sec. 1423. Reports by National Institute of Standards and Technology on use of funds transferred from Election Assistance Commission.
Sec. 1424. Recommendations to improve operations of Election Assistance Commission.
Sec. 1425. Repeal of exemption of Election Assistance Commission from certain government contracting requirements.
Subtitle D—Miscellaneous Provisions
Sec. 1431. Application of laws to Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands.
Sec. 1432. Definition of election for Federal office.
Sec. 1433. No effect on other laws.
Sec. 1434. Clarification of exemption for States without voter registration.
Title XV—Severability
Sec. 1501. Severability.
I

Voter Registration Modernization
100.

Short title
This title may be cited as the “Voter Registration Modernization Act of 2024”.
A

Promoting Internet Registration
101.

Requiring availability of internet for voter registration
(a)

Requiring Availability of Internet for Registration
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 6 the following new section:
“6A.

Internet Registration
(a)

Requiring Availability of Internet for Online Registration
Each State, acting through the chief State election official, shall ensure that the following services are available to the public at any time on the official public websites of the appropriate State and local election officials in the State, in the same manner and subject to the same terms and conditions as the services provided by voter registration agencies under section 7(a):
(1)
Online application for voter registration.
(2)
Online assistance to applicants in applying to register to vote.
(3)
Online completion and submission by applicants of the mail voter registration application form prescribed by the Election Assistance Commission pursuant to section 9(a)(2), including assistance with providing a signature as required under subsection (c).
(4)
Online receipt of completed voter registration applications.
(b)

Acceptance of completed applications
A State shall accept an online voter registration application provided by an individual under this section, and ensure that the individual is registered to vote in the State, if—
(1)
the individual meets the same voter registration requirements applicable to individuals who register to vote by mail in accordance with section 6(a)(1) using the mail voter registration application form prescribed by the Election Assistance Commission pursuant to section 9(a)(2); and
(2)
the individual meets the requirements of subsection (c) to provide a signature in electronic form (but only in the case of applications submitted during or after the second year in which this section is in effect in the State).
(c)

Signature requirements
(1)

In general
For purposes of this section, an individual meets the requirements of this subsection as follows:
(A)
In the case of an individual who has a signature on file with a State agency, including the State motor vehicle authority, that is required to provide voter registration services under this Act or any other law, the individual consents to the transfer of that electronic signature.
(B)
If subparagraph (A) does not apply, the individual submits with the application an electronic copy of the individual’s handwritten signature through electronic means.
(C)
If subparagraph (A) and subparagraph (B) do not apply, the individual executes a computerized mark in the signature field on an online voter registration application, in accordance with reasonable security measures established by the State, but only if the State accepts such mark from the individual.
(2)

Treatment of individuals unable to meet requirement
If an individual is unable to meet the requirements of paragraph (1), the State shall—
(A)
permit the individual to complete all other elements of the online voter registration application;
(B)
permit the individual to provide a signature at the time the individual requests a ballot in an election (whether the individual requests the ballot at a polling place or requests the ballot by mail); and
(C)
if the individual carries out the steps described in subparagraph (A) and subparagraph (B), ensure that the individual is registered to vote in the State.
(3)

Notice
The State shall ensure that individuals applying to register to vote online are notified of the requirements of paragraph (1) and of the treatment of individuals unable to meet such requirements, as described in paragraph (2).
(d)

Confirmation and disposition
(1)

Confirmation of receipt
(A)

In general
Upon the online submission of a completed voter registration application by an individual under this section, the appropriate State or local election official shall provide the individual a notice confirming the State’s receipt of the application and providing instructions on how the individual may check the status of the application.
(B)

Method of notification
The appropriate State or local election official shall provide the notice required under subparagraph (A) though the online submission process and—
(i)
in the case of an individual who has provided the official with an electronic mail address, by electronic mail; and
(ii)
at the option of the individual, by text message.
(2)

Notice of disposition
(A)

In general
Not later than 7 days after the appropriate State or local election official has approved or rejected an application submitted by an individual under this section, the official shall provide the individual a notice of the disposition of the application.
(B)

Method of notification
The appropriate State or local election official shall provide the notice required under subparagraph (A) by regular mail and—
(i)
in the case of an individual who has provided the official with an electronic mail address, by electronic mail; and
(ii)
at the option of the individual, by text message.
(e)

Provision of Services in Nonpartisan Manner
The services made available under subsection (a) shall be provided in a manner that ensures that, consistent with section 7(a)(5)—
(1)
the online application does not seek to influence an applicant’s political preference or party registration; and
(2)
there is no display on the website promoting any political preference or party allegiance, except that nothing in this paragraph may be construed to prohibit an applicant from registering to vote as a member of a political party.
(f)

Protection of Security of Information
In meeting the requirements of this section, the State shall establish appropriate technological security measures to prevent to the greatest extent practicable any unauthorized access to information provided by individuals using the services made available under subsection (a).
(g)

Accessibility of services
A State shall ensure that the services made available under this section are made available to individuals with disabilities to the same extent as services are made available to all other individuals.
(h)

Nondiscrimination among registered voters using mail and online registration
In carrying out this Act, the Help America Vote Act of 2002, or any other Federal, State, or local law governing the treatment of registered voters in the State or the administration of elections for public office in the State, a State shall treat a registered voter who registered to vote online in accordance with this section in the same manner as the State treats a registered voter who registered to vote by mail.”.
(b)

Special requirements for individuals using online registration
(1)

Treatment as individuals registering to vote by mail for purposes of first-time voter identification requirements
Section 303(b)(1)(A) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(b)(1)(A)) is amended by striking “by mail” and inserting “by mail or online under section 6A of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993”.
(2)

Requiring signature for first-time voters in jurisdiction
Section 303(b) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21083(b)) is amended—
(A)
by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (6); and
(B)
by inserting after paragraph (4) the following new paragraph:
“(5)

Signature requirements for first-time voters using online registration
(A)

In general
A State shall, in a uniform and nondiscriminatory manner, require an individual to meet the requirements of subparagraph (B) if—
(i)
the individual registered to vote in the State online under section 6A of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993; and
(ii)
the individual has not previously voted in an election for Federal office in the State.
(B)

Requirements
An individual meets the requirements of this subparagraph if—
(i)
in the case of an individual who votes in person, the individual provides the appropriate State or local election official with a handwritten signature; or
(ii)
in the case of an individual who votes by mail, the individual submits with the ballot a handwritten signature.
(C)

Inapplicability
Subparagraph (A) does not apply in the case of an individual who is—
(i)
entitled to vote by absentee ballot under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20302 et seq.);
(ii)
provided the right to vote otherwise than in person under section 3(b)(2)(B)(ii) of the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (52 U.S.C. 20102(b)(2)(B)(ii)); or
(iii)
entitled to vote otherwise than in person under any other Federal law.”.
(3)

Conforming amendment relating to effective date
Section 303(d)(2)(A) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21083(d)(2)(A)) is amended by striking “Each State” and inserting “Except as provided in subsection (b)(5), each State”.
(c)

Conforming Amendments
(1)

Timing of registration
Section 8(a)(1) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)(1)) is amended—
(A)
by striking “and” at the end of subparagraph (C);
(B)
by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E); and
(C)
by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following new subparagraph:
“(D)
in the case of online registration through the official public website of an election official under section 6A, if the valid voter registration application is submitted online not later than the lesser of 28 days, or the period provided by State law, before the date of the election (as determined by treating the date on which the application is sent electronically as the date on which it is submitted); and”.
(2)

Informing applicants of eligibility requirements and penalties
Section 8(a)(5) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)(5)) is amended by striking “and 7” and inserting “6A, and 7”.
102.

Use of internet to update registration information
(a)

In General
(1)

Updates to information contained on computerized statewide voter registration list
Section 303(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(6)

Use of Internet by registered voters to update information
(A)

In general
The appropriate State or local election official shall ensure that any registered voter on the computerized list may at any time update the voter’s registration information, including the voter’s address and electronic mail address, online through the official public website of the election official responsible for the maintenance of the list, so long as the voter attests to the contents of the update by providing a signature in electronic form in the same manner required under section 6A(c) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993.
(B)

Processing of updated information by election officials
If a registered voter updates registration information under subparagraph (A), the appropriate State or local election official shall—
(i)
revise any information on the computerized list to reflect the update made by the voter; and
(ii)
if the updated registration information affects the voter’s eligibility to vote in an election for Federal office, ensure that the information is processed with respect to the election if the voter updates the information not later than the lesser of 7 days, or the period provided by State law, before the date of the election.
(C)

Confirmation and disposition
(i)

Confirmation of receipt
Upon the online submission of updated registration information by an individual under this paragraph, the appropriate State or local election official shall send the individual a notice confirming the State’s receipt of the updated information and providing instructions on how the individual may check the status of the update.
(ii)

Notice of disposition
Not later than 7 days after the appropriate State or local election official has accepted or rejected updated information submitted by an individual under this paragraph, the official shall send the individual a notice of the disposition of the update.
(iii)

Method of notification
The appropriate State or local election official shall send the notices required under this subparagraph by regular mail and—
(I)
in the case of an individual who has requested that the State provide voter registration and voting information through electronic mail, by electronic mail; and
(II)
at the option of the individual, by text message.”.
(2)

Conforming amendment relating to effective date
Section 303(d)(1)(A) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21083(d)(1)(A)) is amended by striking “subparagraph (B)” and inserting “subparagraph (B) and subsection (a)(6)”.
(b)

Ability of registrant To use online update To provide information on residence
Section 8(d)(2)(A) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(d)(2)(A)) is amended—
(1)
in the first sentence, by inserting after “return the card” the following: “or update the registrant’s information on the computerized Statewide voter registration list using the online method provided under section 303(a)(6) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002”; and
(2)
in the second sentence, by striking “returned,” and inserting the following: “returned or if the registrant does not update the registrant’s information on the computerized Statewide voter registration list using such online method,”.
103.

Provision of election information by electronic mail to individuals registered to vote
(a)

Including Option on Voter Registration Application To Provide Email Address and Receive Information
(1)

In general
Section 9(b) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20508(b)) is amended—
(A)
by striking “and” at the end of paragraph (3);
(B)
by striking the period at the end of paragraph (4) and inserting “; and”; and
(C)
by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(5)
shall include a space for the applicant to provide (at the applicant’s option) an electronic mail address, together with a statement that, if the applicant so requests, instead of using regular mail the appropriate State and local election officials shall provide to the applicant, through electronic mail sent to that address, the same voting information (as defined in section 302(b)(2) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002) which the officials would provide to the applicant through regular mail.”.
(2)

Prohibiting use for purposes unrelated to official duties of election officials
Section 9 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20508) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
“(c)

Prohibiting use of electronic mail addresses for other than official purposes
The chief State election official shall ensure that any electronic mail address provided by an applicant under subsection (b)(5) is used only for purposes of carrying out official duties of election officials and is not transmitted by any State or local election official (or any agent of such an official, including a contractor) to any person who does not require the address to carry out such official duties and who is not under the direct supervision and control of a State or local election official.”.
(b)

Requiring Provision of Information by Election Officials
Section 302(b) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(3)

Provision of other information by electronic mail
If an individual who is a registered voter has provided the State or local election official with an electronic mail address for the purpose of receiving voting information (as described in section 9(b)(5) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993), the appropriate State or local election official, through electronic mail transmitted not later than 7 days before the date of the election for Federal office involved, shall provide the individual with information on how to obtain the following information by electronic means:
(A)
The name and address of the polling place at which the individual is assigned to vote in the election.
(B)
The hours of operation for the polling place.
(C)
A description of any identification or other information the individual may be required to present at the polling place.”.
104.

Clarification of requirement regarding necessary information To show eligibility to vote
Section 8 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507) is amended—
(1)
by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (k); and
(2)
by inserting after subsection (i) the following new subsection:
“(j)

Requirement for State To Register Applicants Providing Necessary Information To Show Eligibility To Vote
For purposes meeting the requirement of subsection (a)(1) that an eligible applicant is registered to vote in an election for Federal office within the deadlines required under such subsection, the State shall consider an applicant to have provided a “valid voter registration form” if—
(1)
the applicant has substantially completed the application form and attested to the statement required by section 9(b)(2); and
(2)
in the case of an applicant who registers to vote online in accordance with section 6A, the applicant provides a signature in accordance with subsection (c) of such section.”.
105.

Prohibiting State from requiring applicants to provide more than last 4 digits of Social Security number
(a)

Form included with application for motor vehicle driver’s license
Section 5(c)(2)(B)(ii) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20504(c)(2)(B)(ii)) is amended by striking the semicolon at the end and inserting the following: “, and to the extent that the application requires the applicant to provide a Social Security number, may not require the applicant to provide more than the last 4 digits of such number;”.
(b)

National mail voter registration form
Section 9(b)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20508(b)(1)) is amended by striking the semicolon at the end and inserting the following: “, and to the extent that the form requires the applicant to provide a Social Security number, the form may not require the applicant to provide more than the last 4 digits of such number;”.
106.

Application of rules to certain exempt States
Section 4 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20503) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
“(c)

Application of Internet voter registration rules
Notwithstanding subsection (b), the following provisions shall apply to a State described in paragraph (2) thereof:
(1)
Section 6A (as added by section 1001(a) of the Voter Registration Modernization Act of 2021).
(2)
Section 8(a)(1)(D) (as added by section 1001(c)(1) of the Voter Registration Modernization Act of 2021).
(3)
Section 8(a)(5) (as amended by section 1001(c)(2) of Voter Registration Modernization Act of 2021), but only to the extent such provision relates to section 6A.
(4)
Section 8(j) (as added by section 1004 of the Voter Registration Modernization Act of 2021), but only to the extent such provision relates to section 6A.”.
107.

Effective date
(a)

In General
Except as provided in subsection (b), the amendments made by this subtitle (other than the amendments made by section 104) shall take effect January 1, 2025.
(b)

Waiver
Subject to the approval of the Election Assistance Commission, if a State certifies to the Election Assistance Commission that the State will not meet the deadline referred to in subsection (a) because of extraordinary circumstances and includes in the certification the reasons for the failure to meet the deadline, subsection (a) shall apply to the State as if the reference in such subsection to “January 1, 2025” were a reference to “January 1, 2027”.
B

Automatic Voter Registration
111.

Short title; findings and purpose
(a)

Short title
This subtitle may be cited as the “Automatic Voter Registration Act of 2024”.
(b)

Findings and purpose
(1)

Findings
Congress finds that—
(A)
the right to vote is a fundamental right of citizens of the United States;
(B)
it is the responsibility of the State and Federal Governments to ensure that every eligible citizen is registered to vote;
(C)
existing voter registration systems can be inaccurate, costly, inaccessible and confusing, with damaging effects on voter participation in elections for Federal office and disproportionate impacts on young people, persons with disabilities, and racial and ethnic minorities; and
(D)
voter registration systems must be updated with 21st century technologies and procedures to maintain their security.
(2)

Purpose
It is the purpose of this subtitle—
(A)
to establish that it is the responsibility of government at every level to ensure that all eligible citizens are registered to vote in elections for Federal office;
(B)
to enable the State and Federal Governments to register all eligible citizens to vote with accurate, cost-efficient, and up-to-date procedures;
(C)
to modernize voter registration and list maintenance procedures with electronic and internet capabilities; and
(D)
to protect and enhance the integrity, accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility of the electoral process for all eligible citizens.
112.

Automatic registration of eligible individuals
(a)

Requiring States To establish and operate automatic registration system
(1)

In general
The chief State election official of each State shall establish and operate a system of automatic registration for the registration of eligible individuals to vote for elections for Federal office in the State, in accordance with the provisions of this subtitle.
(2)

Definition
The term automatic registration means a system that registers an individual to vote in elections for Federal office in a State, if eligible, by electronically transferring the information necessary for registration from government agencies to election officials of the State so that, unless the individual affirmatively declines to be registered, the individual will be registered to vote in such elections.
(b)

Registration of voters based on new agency records
The chief State election official shall—
(1)
not later than 15 days after a contributing agency has transmitted information with respect to an individual pursuant to section 113, ensure that the individual is registered to vote in elections for Federal office in the State if the individual is eligible to be registered to vote in such elections; and
(2)
not later than 120 days after a contributing agency has transmitted such information with respect to the individual, send written notice to the individual, in addition to other means of notice established by this subtitle, of the individual’s voter registration status.
(c)

One-Time registration of voters based on existing contributing agency records
The chief State election official shall—
(1)
identify all individuals whose information is transmitted by a contributing agency pursuant to section 114 and who are eligible to be, but are not currently, registered to vote in that State;
(2)
promptly send each such individual written notice, in addition to other means of notice established by this subtitle, which shall not identify the contributing agency that transmitted the information but shall include—
(A)
an explanation that voter registration is voluntary, but if the individual does not decline registration, the individual will be registered to vote;
(B)
a statement offering the opportunity to decline voter registration through means consistent with the requirements of this subtitle;
(C)
in the case of a State in which affiliation or enrollment with a political party is required in order to participate in an election to select the party’s candidate in an election for Federal office, a statement offering the individual the opportunity to affiliate or enroll with a political party or to decline to affiliate or enroll with a political party, through means consistent with the requirements of this subtitle;
(D)
the substantive qualifications of an elector in the State as listed in the mail voter registration application form for elections for Federal office prescribed pursuant to section 9 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, the consequences of false registration, and a statement that the individual should decline to register if the individual does not meet all those qualifications;
(E)
instructions for correcting any erroneous information; and
(F)
instructions for providing any additional information which is listed in the mail voter registration application form for elections for Federal office prescribed pursuant to section 9 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993;
(3)
ensure that each such individual who is eligible to register to vote in elections for Federal office in the State is promptly registered to vote not later than 45 days after the official sends the individual the written notice under paragraph (2), unless, during the 30-day period which begins on the date the election official sends the individual such written notice, the individual declines registration in writing, through a communication made over the internet, or by an officially logged telephone communication; and
(4)
send written notice to each such individual, in addition to other means of notice established by this subtitle, of the individual’s voter registration status.
(d)

Treatment of individuals under 18 years of age
A State may not refuse to treat an individual as an eligible individual for purposes of this subtitle on the grounds that the individual is less than 18 years of age at the time a contributing agency receives information with respect to the individual, so long as the individual is at least 16 years of age at such time. Nothing in the previous sentence may be construed to require a State to permit an individual who is under 18 years of age at the time of an election for Federal office to vote in the election.
(e)

Contributing agency defined
In this subtitle, the term contributing agency means, with respect to a State, an agency listed in section 113(e).
113.

Contributing agency assistance in registration
(a)

In general
In accordance with this subtitle, each contributing agency in a State shall assist the State’s chief election official in registering to vote all eligible individuals served by that agency.
(b)

Requirements for contributing agencies
(1)

Instructions on automatic registration
Except as otherwise provided in this section, with each application for service or assistance, and with each related recertification, renewal, or change of address, or, in the case of a covered institution of higher education, upon initial enrollment of an in-State student, each contributing agency (other than a contributing agency described in subsection (e)(1)(B)(ii)) that (in the normal course of its operations) requests individuals to affirm United States citizenship (either directly or as part of the overall application for service or assistance or enrollment) shall inform each such individual who is a citizen of the United States of the following:
(A)
Unless that individual declines to register to vote, or is found ineligible to vote, the individual will be registered to vote or, if applicable, the individual’s registration will be updated.
(B)
The substantive qualifications of an elector in the State as listed in the mail voter registration application form for elections for Federal office prescribed pursuant to section 9 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, the consequences of false registration, and the individual should decline to register if the individual does not meet all those qualifications.
(C)
In the case of a State in which affiliation or enrollment with a political party is required in order to participate in an election to select the party’s candidate in an election for Federal office, the requirement that the individual must affiliate or enroll with a political party in order to participate in such an election.
(D)
Voter registration is voluntary, and neither registering nor declining to register to vote will in any way affect the availability of services or benefits, nor be used for other purposes.
(2)

Opportunity to decline registration required
Except as otherwise provided in this section, each contributing agency shall ensure that each application for service or assistance, and each related recertification, renewal, or change of address, cannot be completed until the individual is given the opportunity to decline to be registered to vote.
(3)

Information transmittal
Upon the expiration of the 30-day period which begins on the date a contributing agency as described in paragraph (1) informs an individual of the information described in such paragraph, unless the individual has declined to be registered to vote or informs the agency that they are already registered to vote, each contributing agency shall electronically transmit to the appropriate State election official, in a format compatible with the statewide voter database maintained under section 303 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083), the following information:
(A)
The individual’s given name(s) and surname(s).
(B)
The individual’s date of birth.
(C)
The individual’s residential address.
(D)
Information showing that the individual is a citizen of the United States.
(E)
The date on which information pertaining to that individual was collected or last updated.
(F)
If available, the individual’s signature in electronic form.
(G)
Except in the case in which the contributing agency is a covered institution of higher education, in the case of a State in which affiliation or enrollment with a political party is required in order to participate in an election to select the party’s candidate in an election for Federal office, information regarding the individual’s affiliation or enrollment with a political party, but only if the individual provides such information.
(H)
Any additional information listed in the mail voter registration application form for elections for Federal office prescribed pursuant to section 9 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, including any valid driver’s license number or the last 4 digits of the individual’s Social Security number, if the individual provided such information.
(c)

Alternate procedure for certain contributing agencies
(1)

In general
With each application for service or assistance, and with each related recertification, renewal, or change of address, a contributing agency described in paragraph (2) shall—
(A)
complete the requirements of section 7(a)(6) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20506(a)(6));
(B)
ensure that each applicant’s transaction with the agency cannot be completed until the applicant has indicated whether the applicant wishes to register to vote or declines to register to vote in elections for Federal office held in the State; and
(C)
for each individual who wishes to register to vote, transmit that individual’s information in accordance with subsection (b)(3).
(2)

Contributing agencies described
The following contributing agencies are described in this paragraph:
(A)
Any contributing agency (other than a contributing agency that is a covered institution of higher education) that in the normal course of its operations does not request individuals applying for service or assistance to affirm United States citizenship (either directly or as part of the overall application for service or assistance).
(B)
A contributing agency described in subsection (e)(1)(B)(ii).
(d)

Required availability of automatic registration opportunity with each application for service or assistance
Each contributing agency shall offer each individual, with each application for service or assistance, and with each related recertification, renewal, or change of address, or in the case of an institution of higher education, upon initial enrollment of a student, the opportunity to register to vote as prescribed by this section without regard to whether the individual previously declined a registration opportunity.
(e)

Contributing agencies
(1)

State agencies
In each State, each of the following agencies shall be treated as a contributing agency:
(A)
Each agency in a State that is required by Federal law to provide voter registration services, including the State motor vehicle authority and other voter registration agencies under the National Voter Registration Act of 1993.
(B)
Each agency in a State that administers a program pursuant to—
(i)
title III of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 501 et seq.);
(ii)
title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.); or
(iii)
the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Public Law 111–148).
(C)
Each State agency primarily responsible for regulating the private possession of firearms.
(D)
Each State agency primarily responsible for maintaining identifying information for students enrolled at public secondary schools, including, where applicable, the State agency responsible for maintaining the education data system described in section 6201(e)(2) of the America COMPETES Act (20 U.S.C. 9871(e)(2)).
(E)
In the case of a State in which an individual disenfranchised by a criminal conviction may become eligible to vote upon completion of a criminal sentence or any part thereof, or upon formal restoration of rights, the State agency responsible for administering that sentence, or part thereof, or that restoration of rights.
(F)
Any other agency of the State which is designated by the State as a contributing agency.
(2)

Federal agencies
In each State, each of the following agencies of the Federal Government shall be treated as a contributing agency with respect to individuals who are residents of that State (except as provided in subparagraph (C)):
(A)
The Social Security Administration, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Defense Manpower Data Center of the Department of Defense, the Employee and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, and the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services of the Department of Health and Human Services.
(B)
The Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, but only with respect to individuals who have completed the naturalization process.
(C)
In the case of an individual who is a resident of a State in which an individual disenfranchised by a criminal conviction under Federal law may become eligible to vote upon completion of a criminal sentence or any part thereof, or upon formal restoration of rights, the Federal agency responsible for administering that sentence or part thereof (without regard to whether the agency is located in the same State in which the individual is a resident), but only with respect to individuals who have completed the criminal sentence or any part thereof.
(D)
Any other agency of the Federal government which the State designates as a contributing agency, but only if the State and the head of the agency determine that the agency collects information sufficient to carry out the responsibilities of a contributing agency under this section.
(3)

Institutions of higher education
(A)

In general
Each covered institution of higher education shall be treated as a contributing agency in the State in which the institution is located with respect to in-State students.
(B)

Procedures for institutions of higher education
Notwithstanding section 444 of the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1232g; commonly referred to as the “Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974”) or any other provision of law, each covered institution of higher education shall comply with the requirements of subsection (b) with respect to each in-State student. In complying with such requirements, an institution of higher education—
(i)
may use information provided in the Free Application for Federal Student Aid described in section 483 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.1090) to collect information described in paragraph (3) of such subsection (b) for purposes of transmitting such information to the appropriate State election official pursuant to such paragraph;
(ii)
shall not be required to prevent or delay students from enrolling in a course of study or otherwise impede the completion of the enrollment process;
(iii)
shall not request information on the affiliation or enrollment with a political party of a student in accordance with subsection (b)(3)(G); and
(iv)
shall not withhold, delay, or impede the provision of Federal financial aid provided under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq.).
(C)

Clarification
Nothing in this subtitle shall be construed to require an institution of higher education to request each student affirm whether or not the student is a United States citizen or otherwise collect information with respect to citizenship.
(4)

Publication
Not later than 180 days prior to the date of each election for Federal office held in the State, the chief State election official shall publish on the public website of the official an updated list of all contributing agencies in that State.
(5)

Public education
The chief State election official of each State, in collaboration with each contributing agency, shall take appropriate measures to educate the public about voter registration under this section.
(6)

Permitting State medicaid agencies to share information with election officials for voter registration purposes
Section 1902(a)(7)(A) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(a)(7)(A)) is amended—
(A)
in clause (i), by striking “; and” and inserting a semicolon; and
(B)
by adding at the end the following new clause:
“(iii)
the provision to an appropriate State election official, in accordance with subsection (c) of section 113 of the Automatic Voter Registration Act of 2021, of information described in subsection (b)(3) of such section with respect to an applicant or recipient; and”.
(f)

Definitions
In this section:
(1)

Covered institution of higher education
The term covered institution of higher education means an institution of higher education that—
(A)
has a program participation agreement in effect with the Secretary of Education under section 487 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094); and
(B)
is located in a State to which section 4(b)(1) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20503(b)(1)) does not apply.
(2)

In-state student
The term in-State student—
(A)
means a student enrolled in a covered institution of higher education who, for purposes related to in-State tuition, financial aid eligibility, or other similar purposes, resides in the State; and
(B)
includes a student described in subparagraph (A) who is enrolled in a program of distance education, as defined in section 103 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1003).
114.

One-time contributing agency assistance in registration of eligible voters in existing records
(a)

Initial transmittal of information
For each individual already listed in a contributing agency’s records as of the date of enactment of this Act, and for whom the agency has the information listed in section 113(b)(3), the agency shall promptly transmit that information to the appropriate State election official in accordance with section 113(b)(3) not later than the effective date described in section 121(a).
(b)

Transition
For each individual listed in a contributing agency’s records as of the effective date described in section 121(a) (but who was not listed in a contributing agency’s records as of the date of enactment of this Act), and for whom the agency has the information listed in section 113(b)(3), the Agency shall promptly transmit that information to the appropriate State election official in accordance with section 113(b)(3) not later than 6 months after the effective date described in section 121(a).
115.

Voter protection and security in automatic registration
(a)

Protections for errors in registration
An individual shall not be prosecuted under any Federal or State law, adversely affected in any civil adjudication concerning immigration status or naturalization, or subject to an allegation in any legal proceeding that the individual is not a citizen of the United States on any of the following grounds:
(1)
The individual notified an election office of the individual’s automatic registration to vote under this subtitle.
(2)
The individual is not eligible to vote in elections for Federal office but was automatically registered to vote under this subtitle.
(3)
The individual was automatically registered to vote under this subtitle at an incorrect address.
(4)
The individual declined the opportunity to register to vote or did not make an affirmation of citizenship, including through automatic registration, under this subtitle.
(b)

Limits on use of automatic registration
The automatic registration of any individual or the fact that an individual declined the opportunity to register to vote or did not make an affirmation of citizenship (including through automatic registration) under this subtitle may not be used as evidence against that individual in any State or Federal law enforcement proceeding, and an individual’s lack of knowledge or willfulness of such registration may be demonstrated by the individual’s testimony alone.
(c)

Protection of election integrity
Nothing in subsections (a) or (b) may be construed to prohibit or restrict any action under color of law against an individual who—
(1)
knowingly and willfully makes a false statement to effectuate or perpetuate automatic voter registration by any individual; or
(2)
casts a ballot knowingly and willfully in violation of State law or the laws of the United States.
(d)

Contributing agencies’ protection of information
Nothing in this subtitle authorizes a contributing agency to collect, retain, transmit, or publicly disclose any of the following:
(1)
An individual’s decision to decline to register to vote or not to register to vote.
(2)
An individual’s decision not to affirm his or her citizenship.
(3)
Any information that a contributing agency transmits pursuant to section 113(b)(3), except in pursuing the agency’s ordinary course of business.
(e)

Election officials’ protection of information
(1)

Public disclosure prohibited
(A)

In general
Subject to subparagraph (B), with respect to any individual for whom any State election official receives information from a contributing agency, the State election officials shall not publicly disclose any of the following:
(i)
The identity of the contributing agency.
(ii)
Any information not necessary to voter registration.
(iii)
Any voter information otherwise shielded from disclosure under State law or section 8(a) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)).
(iv)
Any portion of the individual’s Social Security number.
(v)
Any portion of the individual’s motor vehicle driver’s license number.
(vi)
The individual’s signature.
(vii)
The individual’s telephone number.
(viii)
The individual’s email address.
(B)

Special rule for individuals registered to vote
With respect to any individual for whom any State election official receives information from a contributing agency and who, on the basis of such information, is registered to vote in the State under this subtitle, the State election officials shall not publicly disclose any of the following:
(i)
The identity of the contributing agency.
(ii)
Any information not necessary to voter registration.
(iii)
Any voter information otherwise shielded from disclosure under State law or section 8(a) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)).
(iv)
Any portion of the individual’s Social Security number.
(v)
Any portion of the individual’s motor vehicle driver’s license number.
(vi)
The individual’s signature.
(2)

Voter record changes
Each State shall maintain for at least 2 years and shall make available for public inspection (and, where available, photocopying at a reasonable cost), including in electronic form and through electronic methods, all records of changes to voter records, including removals, the reasons for removals, and updates.
(3)

Database management standards
The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall, after providing the public with notice and the opportunity to comment—
(A)
establish standards governing the comparison of data for voter registration list maintenance purposes, identifying as part of such standards the specific data elements, the matching rules used, and how a State may use the data to determine and deem that an individual is ineligible under State law to vote in an election, or to deem a record to be a duplicate or outdated;
(B)
ensure that the standards developed pursuant to this paragraph are uniform and nondiscriminatory and are applied in a uniform and nondiscriminatory manner; and
(C)
not later than 45 days after the deadline for public notice and comment, publish the standards developed pursuant to this paragraph on the Director’s website and make those standards available in written form upon request.
(4)

Security policy
The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall, after providing the public with notice and the opportunity to comment, publish privacy and security standards for voter registration information not later than 45 days after the deadline for public notice and comment. The standards shall require the chief State election official of each State to adopt a policy that shall specify—
(A)
each class of users who shall have authorized access to the computerized statewide voter registration list, specifying for each class the permission and levels of access to be granted, and setting forth other safeguards to protect the privacy, security, and accuracy of the information on the list; and
(B)
security safeguards to protect personal information transmitted through the information transmittal processes of section 113 or section 114, the online system used pursuant to section 6A of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (as added by section 101), any telephone interface, the maintenance of the voter registration database, and any audit procedure to track access to the system.
(5)

State compliance with national standards
(A)

Certification
The chief executive officer of the State shall annually file with the Election Assistance Commission a statement certifying to the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology that the State is in compliance with the standards referred to in paragraphs (3) and (4). A State may meet the requirement of the previous sentence by filing with the Commission a statement which reads as follows: “_____ hereby certifies that it is in compliance with the standards referred to in paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 115(e) of the Automatic Voter Registration Act of 2021.” (with the blank to be filled in with the name of the State involved).
(B)

Publication of policies and procedures
The chief State election official of a State shall publish on the official’s website the policies and procedures established under this section, and shall make those policies and procedures available in written form upon public request.
(C)

Funding dependent on certification
If a State does not timely file the certification required under this paragraph, it shall not receive any payment under this subtitle for the upcoming fiscal year.
(D)

Compliance of States that require changes to State law
In the case of a State that requires State legislation to carry out an activity covered by any certification submitted under this paragraph, for a period of not more than 2 years the State shall be permitted to make the certification notwithstanding that the legislation has not been enacted at the time the certification is submitted, and such State shall submit an additional certification once such legislation is enacted.
(f)

Restrictions on use of information
No person acting under color of law may discriminate against any individual based on, or use for any purpose other than voter registration, election administration, or enforcement relating to election crimes, any of the following:
(1)
Voter registration records.
(2)
An individual’s declination to register to vote or complete an affirmation of citizenship under section 113(b).
(3)
An individual’s voter registration status.
(g)

Prohibition on the use of voter registration information for commercial purposes
Information collected under this subtitle shall not be used for commercial purposes. Nothing in this subsection may be construed to prohibit the transmission, exchange, or dissemination of information for political purposes, including the support of campaigns for election for Federal, State, or local public office or the activities of political committees (including committees of political parties) under the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.
116.

Registration portability and correction
(a)

Correcting registration information at polling place
Notwithstanding section 302(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082(a)), if an individual is registered to vote in elections for Federal office held in a State, the appropriate election official at the polling place for any such election (including a location used as a polling place on a date other than the date of the election) shall permit the individual to—
(1)
update the individual’s address for purposes of the records of the election official;
(2)
correct any incorrect information relating to the individual, including the individual’s name and political party affiliation, in the records of the election official; and
(3)
cast a ballot in the election on the basis of the updated address or corrected information, and to have the ballot treated as a regular ballot and not as a provisional ballot under section 302(a) of such Act.
(b)

Updates to computerized Statewide voter registration lists
If an election official at the polling place receives an updated address or corrected information from an individual under subsection (a), the official shall ensure that the address or information is promptly entered into the computerized Statewide voter registration list in accordance with section 303(a)(1)(A)(vi) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(a)(1)(A)(vi)).
117.

Payments and grants
(a)

In general
The Election Assistance Commission shall make grants to each eligible State to assist the State in implementing the requirements of this subtitle (or, in the case of an exempt State, in implementing its existing automatic voter registration program).
(b)

Eligibility; application
A State is eligible to receive a grant under this section if the State submits to the Commission, at such time and in such form as the Commission may require, an application containing—
(1)
a description of the activities the State will carry out with the grant;
(2)
an assurance that the State shall carry out such activities without partisan bias and without promoting any particular point of view regarding any issue; and
(3)
such other information and assurances as the Commission may require.
(c)

Amount of grant; priorities
The Commission shall determine the amount of a grant made to an eligible State under this section. In determining the amounts of the grants, the Commission shall give priority to providing funds for those activities which are most likely to accelerate compliance with the requirements of this subtitle (or, in the case of an exempt State, which are most likely to enhance the ability of the State to automatically register individuals to vote through its existing automatic voter registration program), including—
(1)
investments supporting electronic information transfer, including electronic collection and transfer of signatures, between contributing agencies and the appropriate State election officials;
(2)
updates to online or electronic voter registration systems already operating as of the date of the enactment of this Act;
(3)
introduction of online voter registration systems in jurisdictions in which those systems did not previously exist; and
(4)
public education on the availability of new methods of registering to vote, updating registration, and correcting registration.
(d)

Authorization of appropriations
(1)

Authorization
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—
(A)
$500,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
(B)
such sums as may be necessary for each succeeding fiscal year.
(2)

Continuing availability of funds
Any amounts appropriated pursuant to the authority of this subsection shall remain available without fiscal year limitation until expended.
118.

Treatment of exempt States
(a)

Waiver of requirements
Except as provided in subsection (b), this subtitle does not apply with respect to an exempt State.
(b)

Exceptions
The following provisions of this subtitle apply with respect to an exempt State:
(1)
Section 116 (relating to registration portability and correction).
(2)
Section 117 (relating to payments and grants).
(3)
Section 119(e) (relating to enforcement).
(4)
Section 119(f) (relating to relation to other laws).
119.

Miscellaneous provisions
(a)

Accessibility of registration services
Each contributing agency shall ensure that the services it provides under this subtitle are made available to individuals with disabilities to the same extent as services are made available to all other individuals.
(b)

Transmission through secure third party permitted
Nothing in this subtitle shall be construed to prevent a contributing agency from contracting with a third party to assist the agency in meeting the information transmittal requirements of this subtitle, so long as the data transmittal complies with the applicable requirements of this subtitle, including the privacy and security provisions of section 115.
(c)

Nonpartisan, nondiscriminatory provision of services
The services made available by contributing agencies under this subtitle and by the State under sections 115 and 116 shall be made in a manner consistent with paragraphs (4), (5), and (6)(C) of section 7(a) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20506(a)).
(d)

Notices
Each State may send notices under this subtitle via electronic mail if the individual has provided an electronic mail address and consented to electronic mail communications for election-related materials. All notices sent pursuant to this subtitle that require a response must offer the individual notified the opportunity to respond at no cost to the individual.
(e)

Enforcement
Section 11 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20510), relating to civil enforcement and the availability of private rights of action, shall apply with respect to this subtitle in the same manner as such section applies to such Act.
(f)

Relation to other laws
Except as provided, nothing in this subtitle may be construed to authorize or require conduct prohibited under, or to supersede, restrict, or limit the application of any of the following:
(1)
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.).
(2)
The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.).
(3)
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.).
(4)
The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20901 et seq.).
120.

Definitions
In this subtitle, the following definitions apply:
(1)
The term chief State election official means, with respect to a State, the individual designated by the State under section 10 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20509) to be responsible for coordination of the State’s responsibilities under such Act.
(2)
The term Commission means the Election Assistance Commission.
(3)
The term exempt State means a State which, under law which is in effect continuously on and after the date of the enactment of this Act, operates a system of automatic registration (as defined in section 112(a)(2)) at the motor vehicle authority of the State or a Permanent Dividend Fund of the State under which an individual is provided the opportunity to decline registration during the transaction or by way of a notice sent by mail or electronically after the transaction.
(4)
The term State means each of the several States and the District of Columbia.
121.

Effective date
(a)

In general
Except as provided in subsection (b), this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle shall apply with respect to a State beginning January 1, 2026.
(b)

Waiver
Subject to the approval of the Commission, if a State certifies to the Commission that the State will not meet the deadline referred to in subsection (a) because of extraordinary circumstances and includes in the certification the reasons for the failure to meet the deadline, subsection (a) shall apply to the State as if the reference in such subsection to “January 1, 2026” were a reference to “January 1, 2028”.
C

Same Day Voter Registration
131.

Same day registration
(a)

In general
Title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended—
(1)
by redesignating sections 304 and 305 as sections 305 and 306, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after section 303 the following new section:
“304.

Same day registration
(a)

In general
(1)

Registration
Each State shall permit any eligible individual on the day of a Federal election and on any day when voting, including early voting, is permitted for a Federal election—
(A)
to register to vote in such election at the polling place using a form that meets the requirements under section 9(b) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (or, if the individual is already registered to vote, to revise any of the individual’s voter registration information); and
(B)
to cast a vote in such election.
(2)

Exception
The requirements under paragraph (1) shall not apply to a State in which, under a State law in effect continuously on and after the date of the enactment of this section, there is no voter registration requirement for individuals in the State with respect to elections for Federal office.
(b)

Eligible individual
For purposes of this section, the term eligible individual means, with respect to any election for Federal office, an individual who is otherwise qualified to vote in that election.
(c)

Effective date
Each State shall be required to comply with the requirements of subsection (a) for the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office occurring in November 2026 and for any subsequent election for Federal office.”.
(b)

Conforming amendment relating to enforcement
Section 401 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21111) is amended by striking “sections 301, 302, and 303” and inserting “subtitle A of title III”.
(c)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act is amended—
(1)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 304 and 305 as relating to sections 305 and 306, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after the item relating to section 303 the following new item:
“Sec. 304. Same day registration.” .
D

Conditions on Removal on Basis of Interstate Cross-Checks
141.

Conditions on removal of registrants from official list of eligible voters on basis of interstate cross-Checks
(a)

Minimum information required for removal under cross-Check
Section 8(c)(2) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(c)(2)) is amended—
(1)
by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (D); and
(2)
by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following new subparagraphs:
“(B)
To the extent that the program carried out by a State under subparagraph (A) to systematically remove the names of ineligible voters from the official lists of eligible voters uses information obtained in an interstate cross-check, in addition to any other conditions imposed under this Act on the authority of the State to remove the name of the voter from such a list, the State may not remove the name of the voter from such a list unless—
(i)
the State obtained the voter’s full name (including the voter’s middle name, if any) and date of birth, and the last 4 digits of the voter’s Social Security number, in the interstate cross-check; or
(ii)
the State obtained documentation from the ERIC system that the voter is no longer a resident of the State.
(C)
In this paragraph—
(i)
the term interstate cross-check means the transmission of information from an election official in one State to an election official of another State; and
(ii)
the term ERIC system means the system operated by the Electronic Registration Information Center to share voter registration information and voter identification information among participating States.”.
(b)

Requiring completion of cross-Checks not later than 6 months prior to election
Subparagraph (A) of section 8(c)(2) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20507(c)(2)) is amended by striking “not later than 90 days” and inserting the following: “not later than 90 days (or, in the case of a program in which the State uses interstate cross-checks, not later than 6 months)”.
(c)

Conforming amendment
Subparagraph (D) of section 8(c)(2) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20507(c)(2)), as redesignated by subsection (a)(1), is amended by striking “Subparagraph (A)” and inserting “This paragraph”.
(d)

Effective date
The amendments made by this Act shall apply with respect to elections held on or after the expiration of the 6-month period which begins on the date of the enactment of this Act.
E

Other Initiatives To Promote Voter Registration
151.

Biennial reports on voter registration statistics
(a)

Annual report
Not later than 90 days after the end of each even-numbered year, each State shall submit to the Election Assistance Commission a report containing the following categories of information for the preceding 2 years:
(1)
The number of individuals who were registered under subtitle B.
(2)
The number of voter registration application forms completed by individuals that were transmitted by motor vehicle authorities in the State (pursuant to section 5(d) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993) and voter registration agencies in the State (as designated under section 7 of such Act) to the chief State election official of the State, broken down by each such authority and agency.
(3)
The number of such individuals whose voter registration application forms were accepted and who were registered to vote in the State and the number of such individuals whose forms were rejected and who were not registered to vote in the State, broken down by each such authority and agency.
(4)
The number of change of address forms and other forms of information indicating that an individual’s identifying information has been changed that were transmitted by such motor vehicle authorities and voter registration agencies to the chief State election official of the State, broken down by each such authority and agency and the type of form transmitted.
(5)
The number of individuals on the Statewide computerized voter registration list (as established and maintained under section 303 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002) whose voter registration information was revised by the chief State election official as a result of the forms transmitted to the official by such motor vehicle authorities and voter registration agencies (as described in paragraph (3)), broken down by each such authority and agency and the type of form transmitted.
(6)
The number of individuals who requested the chief State election official to revise voter registration information on such list, and the number of individuals whose information was revised as a result of such a request.
(b)

Breakdown of information
In preparing the report under this section, the State shall, for each category of information described in subsection (a), include a breakdown by race, ethnicity, age, and gender of the individuals whose information is included in the category, to the extent that information on the race, ethnicity, age, and gender of such individuals is available to the State.
(c)

Confidentiality of information
In preparing and submitting a report under this section, the chief State election official shall ensure that no information regarding the identification of any individual is revealed.
(d)

Submission to Congress
Not later than 10 days after receiving a report under subsection (a), the Election Assistance Commission shall transmit such report to Congress.
(e)

State defined
In this section, a “State” includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, but does not include any State in which, under a State law in effect continuously on and after the date of the enactment of this Act, there is no voter registration requirement for individuals in the State with respect to elections for Federal office.
(f)

Sense of Congress
It is the Sense of Congress that for any State participating in the Election Administration and Voting Survey administered by the Election Assistance Commission, the Commission should use the information submitted in the report under subsection (a) as part of the State’s participation in the survey.
152.

Ensuring pre-election registration deadlines are consistent with timing of legal public holidays
(a)

In general
Section 8(a)(1) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)(1)) is amended by striking “30 days” each place it appears and inserting “28 days”.
(b)

Effective date
The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to elections held in 2025 or any succeeding year.
153.

Use of Postal Service hard copy change of address form to remind individuals to update voter registration
(a)

In general
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Postmaster General shall modify any hard copy change of address form used by the United States Postal Service so that such form contains a reminder that any individual using such form should update the individual’s voter registration as a result of any change in address.
(b)

Application
The requirement in subsection (a) shall not apply to any electronic version of a change of address form used by the United States Postal Service.
154.

Grants to States for activities to encourage involvement of minors in election activities
(a)

Grants
(1)

In general
The Election Assistance Commission (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Commission”) shall make grants to eligible States to enable such States to carry out a plan to increase the involvement of individuals under 18 years of age in public election activities in the State.
(2)

Contents of plans
A State’s plan under this subsection shall include—
(A)
methods to promote the use of pre-registration processes;
(B)
modifications to the curriculum of secondary schools in the State to promote civic engagement; and
(C)
such other activities to encourage the involvement of young people in the electoral process as the State considers appropriate.
(b)

Eligibility
A State is eligible to receive a grant under this section if the State submits to the Commission, at such time and in such form as the Commission may require, an application containing—
(1)
a description of the State’s plan under subsection (a);
(2)
a description of the performance measures and targets the State will use to determine its success in carrying out the plan; and
(3)
such other information and assurances as the Commission may require.
(c)

Period of grant; Report
(1)

Period of grant
A State receiving a grant under this section shall use the funds provided by the grant over a 2-year period agreed to between the State and the Commission.
(2)

Report
Not later than 6 months after the end of the 2-year period agreed to under paragraph (1), the State shall submit to the Commission a report on the activities the State carried out with the funds provided by the grant, and shall include in the report an analysis of the extent to which the State met the performance measures and targets included in its application under subsection (b)(2).
(d)

State defined
In this section, the term State means each of the several States and the District of Columbia.
(e)

Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated for grants under this section $25,000,000, to remain available until expended.
F

Availability of HAVA Requirements Payments
161.

Availability of requirements payments under HAVA to cover costs of compliance with new requirements
(a)

In General
Section 251(b) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21001(b)) is amended—
(1)
in paragraph (1), by striking “as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3)” and inserting “as otherwise provided in this subsection”; and
(2)
by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(4)

Certain voter registration activities
Notwithstanding paragraph (3), a State may use a requirements payment to carry out any of the requirements of the Voter Registration Modernization Act of 2024, including the requirements of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 which are imposed pursuant to the amendments made to such Act by the Voter Registration Modernization Act of 2024.”.
(b)

Conforming Amendment
Section 254(a)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21004(a)(1)) is amended by striking “section 251(a)(2)” and inserting “section 251(b)(2)”.
(c)

Effective Date
The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to fiscal year 2025 and each succeeding fiscal year.
G

Prohibiting Interference With Voter Registration
171.

Prohibiting hindering, interfering with, or preventing voter registration
(a)

In general
Chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
“612.

Hindering, interfering with, or preventing registering to vote
(a)

Prohibition
It shall be unlawful for any person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, to corruptly hinder, interfere with, or prevent another person from registering to vote or to corruptly hinder, interfere with, or prevent another person from aiding another person in registering to vote.
(b)

Attempt
Any person who attempts to commit any offense described in subsection (a) shall be subject to the same penalties as those prescribed for the offense that the person attempted to commit.
(c)

Penalty
Any person who violates subsection (a) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.”.
(b)

Clerical amendment
The table of sections for chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item:
“612. Hindering, interfering with, or preventing registering to vote.” .
(c)

Effective Date
The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to elections held on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, except that no person may be found to have violated section 612 of title 18, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)), on the basis of any act occurring prior to the date of the enactment of this Act.
172.

Establishment of best practices
(a)

Best practices
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Election Assistance Commission shall develop and publish recommendations for best practices for States to use to deter and prevent violations of section 612 of title 18, United States Code (as added by section 171), and section 12 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20511) (relating to the unlawful interference with registering to vote, or voting, or attempting to register to vote or vote), including practices to provide for the posting of relevant information at polling places and voter registration agencies under such Act, the training of poll workers and election officials, and relevant educational materials. For purposes of this subsection, the term State includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
(b)

Inclusion in voter information requirements
Section 302(b)(2) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082(b)(2)) is amended—
(1)
by striking “and” at the end of subparagraph (E);
(2)
by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (F) and inserting “; and”; and
(3)
by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
“(G)
information relating to the prohibitions of section 612 of title 18, United States Code, and section 12 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20511) (relating to the unlawful interference with registering to vote, or voting, or attempting to register to vote or vote), including information on how individuals may report allegations of violations of such prohibitions.”.
H

Voter Registration Efficiency Act
181.

Short title
This subtitle may be cited as the “Voter Registration Efficiency Act”.
182.

Requiring applicants for motor vehicle driver’s licenses in new State to indicate whether State serves as residence for voter registration purposes
(a)

Requirements for applicants for licenses
Section 5(d) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20504(d)) is amended—
(1)
by striking “Any change” and inserting “(1) Any change”; and
(2)
by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(2)
(A)
A State motor vehicle authority shall require each individual applying for a motor vehicle driver’s license in the State—
(i)
to indicate whether the individual resides in another State or resided in another State prior to applying for the license, and, if so, to identify the State involved; and
(ii)
to indicate whether the individual intends for the State to serve as the individual’s residence for purposes of registering to vote in elections for Federal office.
(B)
If pursuant to subparagraph (A)(ii) an individual indicates to the State motor vehicle authority that the individual intends for the State to serve as the individual’s residence for purposes of registering to vote in elections for Federal office, the authority shall notify the motor vehicle authority of the State identified by the individual pursuant to subparagraph (A)(i), who shall notify the chief State election official of such State that the individual no longer intends for that State to serve as the individual’s residence for purposes of registering to vote in elections for Federal office.”.
(b)

Effective date
The amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect with respect to elections occurring in 2025 or any succeeding year.
I

Providing Voter Registration Information to Secondary School Students
191.

Pilot program for providing voter registration information to secondary school students prior to graduation
(a)

Pilot program
The Election Assistance Commission (hereafter in this subtitle referred to as the “Commission”) shall carry out a pilot program under which the Commission shall provide funds during the one-year period beginning after the date of the enactment of this subtitle to eligible local educational agencies for initiatives to provide information on registering to vote in elections for public office to secondary school students in the 12th grade.
(b)

Eligibility
A local educational agency is eligible to receive funds under the pilot program under this subtitle if the agency submits to the Commission, at such time and in such form as the Commission may require, an application containing—
(1)
a description of the initiatives the agency intends to carry out with the funds;
(2)
an estimate of the costs associated with such initiatives; and
(3)
such other information and assurances as the Commission may require.
(c)

Consultation with election officials
A local educational agency receiving funds under the pilot program shall consult with the State and local election officials who are responsible for administering elections for public office in the area served by the agency in developing the initiatives the agency will carry out with the funds.
(d)

Definitions
In this subtitle, the terms local educational agency and secondary school have the meanings given such terms in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
192.

Reports
(a)

Reports by recipients of funds
Not later than the expiration of the 90-day period which begins on the date of the receipt of the funds, each local educational agency receiving funds under the pilot program under this subtitle shall submit a report to the Commission describing the initiatives carried out with the funds and analyzing their effectiveness.
(b)

Report by Commission
Not later than the expiration of the 60-day period which begins on the date the Commission receives the final report submitted by a local educational agency under subsection (a), the Commission shall submit a report to Congress on the pilot program under this subtitle.
193.

Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subtitle.
J

Voter Registration of Minors
194.

Acceptance of voter registration applications from individuals under 18 years of age
(a)

Acceptance of applications
Section 8 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507), as amended by section 104, is amended—
(1)
by redesignating subsection (k) as subsection (l); and
(2)
by inserting after subsection (j) the following new subsection:
“(k)

Acceptance of applications from individuals under 18 years of age
(1)

In general
A State may not refuse to accept or process an individual’s application to register to vote in elections for Federal office on the grounds that the individual is under 18 years of age at the time the individual submits the application, so long as the individual is at least 16 years of age at such time.
(2)

No effect on State voting age requirements
Nothing in paragraph (1) may be construed to require a State to permit an individual who is under 18 years of age at the time of an election for Federal office to vote in the election.”.
(b)

Effective date
The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to elections occurring on or after January 1, 2025.
II

Access to Voting for Individuals With Disabilities
201.

Requirements for States to promote access to voter registration and voting for individuals with disabilities
(a)

Requirements
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating sections 305 and 306 as sections 306 and 307, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after section 304 the following new section:
“305.

Access to voter registration and voting for individuals with disabilities
(a)

Treatment of applications and ballots
Each State shall—
(1)
ensure that absentee registration forms, absentee ballot applications, and absentee ballots that are available electronically are accessible (as defined in section 306);
(2)
permit individuals with disabilities to use absentee registration procedures and to vote by absentee ballot in elections for Federal office;
(3)
accept and process, with respect to any election for Federal office, any otherwise valid voter registration application and absentee ballot application from an individual with a disability if the application is received by the appropriate State election official within the deadline for the election which is applicable under Federal law;
(4)
in addition to any other method of registering to vote or applying for an absentee ballot in the State, establish procedures—
(A)
for individuals with disabilities to request by mail and electronically voter registration applications and absentee ballot applications with respect to elections for Federal office in accordance with subsection (c);
(B)
for States to send by mail and electronically (in accordance with the preferred method of transmission designated by the individual under subparagraph (C)) voter registration applications and absentee ballot applications requested under subparagraph (A) in accordance with subsection (c); and
(C)
by which such an individual can designate whether the individual prefers that such voter registration application or absentee ballot application be transmitted by mail or electronically;
(5)
in addition to any other method of transmitting blank absentee ballots in the State, establish procedures for transmitting by mail and electronically blank absentee ballots to individuals with disabilities with respect to elections for Federal office in accordance with subsection (d);
(6)
transmit a validly requested absentee ballot to an individual with a disability—
(A)
except as provided in subsection (e), in the case in which the request is received at least 45 days before an election for Federal office, not later than 45 days before the election; and
(B)
in the case in which the request is received less than 45 days before an election for Federal office—
(i)
in accordance with State law; and
(ii)
if practicable and as determined appropriate by the State, in a manner that expedites the transmission of such absentee ballot; and
(7)
if the State declares or otherwise holds a runoff election for Federal office, establish a written plan that provides absentee ballots are made available to individuals with disabilities in a manner that gives them sufficient time to vote in the runoff election.
(b)

Designation of single State office To provide information on registration and absentee ballot procedures for voters with disabilities in State
(1)

In general
Each State shall designate a single office which shall be responsible for providing information regarding voter registration procedures, absentee ballot procedures, and in-person voting procedures to be used by individuals with disabilities with respect to elections for Federal office to all individuals with disabilities who wish to register to vote or vote in any jurisdiction in the State.
(2)

Responsibilities
Each State shall, through the office designated in paragraph (1)—
(A)
provide information to election officials—
(i)
on how to set up and operate accessible voting systems; and
(ii)
regarding the accessibility of voting procedures, including guidance on compatibility with assistive technologies such as screen readers and ballot marking devices;
(B)
integrate information on accessibility, accommodations, disability, and older individuals into regular training materials for poll workers and election administration officials;
(C)
train poll workers on how to make polling places accessible for individuals with disabilities and older individuals;
(D)
promote the hiring of individuals with disabilities and older individuals as poll workers and election staff; and
(E)
publicly post the results of any audits to determine the accessibility of polling places no later than 6 months after the completion of the audit.
(c)

Designation of means of electronic communication for individuals with disabilities To request and for states To send voter registration applications and absentee ballot applications, and for other purposes related to voting information
(1)

In general
Each State shall, in addition to the designation of a single State office under subsection (b), designate not less than 1 means of accessible electronic communication—
(A)
for use by individuals with disabilities who wish to register to vote or vote in any jurisdiction in the State to request voter registration applications and absentee ballot applications under subsection (a)(4);
(B)
for use by States to send voter registration applications and absentee ballot applications requested under such subsection; and
(C)
for the purpose of providing related voting, balloting, and election information to individuals with disabilities.
(2)

Clarification regarding provision of multiple means of electronic communication
A State may, in addition to the means of electronic communication so designated, provide multiple means of electronic communication to individuals with disabilities, including a means of electronic communication for the appropriate jurisdiction of the State.
(3)

Inclusion of designated means of electronic communication with informational and instructional materials that accompany balloting materials
Each State shall include a means of electronic communication so designated with all informational and instructional materials that accompany balloting materials sent by the State to individuals with disabilities.
(4)

Transmission if no preference indicated
In the case where an individual with a disability does not designate a preference under subsection (a)(4)(C), the State shall transmit the voter registration application or absentee ballot application by any delivery method allowable in accordance with applicable State law, or if there is no applicable State law, by mail.
(d)

Transmission of blank absentee ballots by mail and electronically
(1)

In general
Each State shall establish procedures—
(A)
to securely transmit blank absentee ballots by mail and electronically (in accordance with the preferred method of transmission designated by the individual with a disability under subparagraph (B)) to individuals with disabilities for an election for Federal office; and
(B)
by which the individual with a disability can designate whether the individual prefers that such blank absentee ballot be transmitted by mail or electronically.
(2)

Transmission if no preference indicated
In the case where an individual with a disability does not designate a preference under paragraph (1)(B), the State shall transmit the ballot by any delivery method allowable in accordance with applicable State law, or if there is no applicable State law, by mail.
(3)

Application of methods to track delivery to and return of ballot by individual requesting ballot
Under the procedures established under paragraph (1), the State shall apply such methods as the State considers appropriate, such as assigning a unique identifier to the ballot, to ensure that if an individual with a disability requests the State to transmit a blank absentee ballot to the individual in accordance with this subsection, the voted absentee ballot which is returned by the individual is the same blank absentee ballot which the State transmitted to the individual.
(e)

Hardship Exemption
(1)

In general
If the chief State election official determines that the State is unable to meet the requirement under subsection (a)(6)(A) with respect to an election for Federal office due to an undue hardship described in paragraph (2)(B), the chief State election official shall request that the Attorney General grant a waiver to the State of the application of such subsection. Such request shall include—
(A)
a recognition that the purpose of such subsection is to individuals with disabilities enough time to vote in an election for Federal office;
(B)
an explanation of the hardship that indicates why the State is unable to transmit such individuals an absentee ballot in accordance with such subsection;
(C)
the number of days prior to the election for Federal office that the State requires absentee ballots be transmitted to such individuals; and
(D)
a comprehensive plan to ensure that such individuals are able to receive absentee ballots which they have requested and submit marked absentee ballots to the appropriate State election official in time to have that ballot counted in the election for Federal office, which includes—
(i)
the steps the State will undertake to ensure that such individuals have time to receive, mark, and submit their ballots in time to have those ballots counted in the election;
(ii)
why the plan provides such individuals sufficient time to vote as a substitute for the requirements under such subsection; and
(iii)
the underlying factual information which explains how the plan provides such sufficient time to vote as a substitute for such requirements.
(2)

Approval of waiver request
The Attorney General shall approve a waiver request under paragraph (1) if the Attorney General determines each of the following requirements are met:
(A)
The comprehensive plan under subparagraph (D) of such paragraph provides individuals with disabilities sufficient time to receive absentee ballots they have requested and submit marked absentee ballots to the appropriate State election official in time to have that ballot counted in the election for Federal office.
(B)
One or more of the following issues creates an undue hardship for the State:
(i)
The State's primary election date prohibits the State from complying with subsection (a)(6)(A).
(ii)
The State has suffered a delay in generating ballots due to a legal contest.
(iii)
The State Constitution prohibits the State from complying with such subsection.
(3)

Timing of waiver
(A)

In general
Except as provided under subparagraph (B), a State that requests a waiver under paragraph (1) shall submit to the Attorney General the written waiver request not later than 90 days before the election for Federal office with respect to which the request is submitted. The Attorney General shall approve or deny the waiver request not later than 65 days before such election.
(B)

Exception
If a State requests a waiver under paragraph (1) as the result of an undue hardship described in paragraph (2)(B)(ii), the State shall submit to the Attorney General the written waiver request as soon as practicable. The Attorney General shall approve or deny the waiver request not later than 5 business days after the date on which the request is received.
(4)

Application of waiver
A waiver approved under paragraph (2) shall only apply with respect to the election for Federal office for which the request was submitted. For each subsequent election for Federal office, the Attorney General shall only approve a waiver if the State has submitted a request under paragraph (1) with respect to such election.
(f)

Rule of construction
Nothing in this section may be construed to allow a voter's ballot selections to be transmitted over the internet or to allow for the electronic submission of a marked ballot.
(g)

Individual with a disability defined
In this section, an “individual with a disability” means an individual with an impairment that substantially limits any major life activities and who is otherwise qualified to vote in elections for Federal office.
(h)

Effective date
This section shall apply with respect to elections for Federal office held on or after January 1, 2025.”.
(b)

Conforming amendment relating to issuance of voluntary guidance by election assistance commission
(1)

Timing of issuance
Section 311(b) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)) is amended—
(A)
by striking “and” at the end of paragraph (2);
(B)
by striking the period at the end of paragraph (3) and inserting “; and”; and
(C)
by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(4)
in the case of the recommendations with respect to section 305, January 1, 2025.”.
(2)

Redesignation
Title III of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended by redesignating sections 311 and 312 as sections 321 and 322, respectively.
(c)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c)), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 305 and 306 as relating to sections 306 and 307, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after the item relating to section 304 the following new item:
“Sec. 305. Access to voter registration and voting for individuals with disabilities.”.
202.

Establishment and maintenance of State accessible election websites
(a)

In general
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a) and section 201(a), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating sections 306 and 307 as sections 307 and 308, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after section 305 the following:
“306.

Establishment and maintenance of accessible election websites
(a)

In general
Each State shall establish a single election website that is accessible and meets the following requirements:
(1)

Local election officials
The website shall provide local election officials, poll workers, and volunteers with—
(A)
guidance to ensure that polling places are accessible for individuals with disabilities and older individuals in a manner that provides the same opportunity for access and participation (including privacy and independence) as for other voters; and
(B)
online training and resources on—
(i)
how best to promote the access and participation of individuals with disabilities and older individuals in elections for public office; and
(ii)
the voting rights and protections for individuals with disabilities and older individuals under State and Federal law.
(2)

Voters
The website shall provide information about voting, including—
(A)
the accessibility of all polling places within the State, including outreach programs to inform individuals about the availability of accessible polling places;
(B)
how to register to vote and confirm voter registration in the State;
(C)
the location and operating hours of all polling places in the State;
(D)
the availability of aid or assistance for individuals with disabilities and older individuals to cast their vote in a manner that provides the same opportunity for access and participation (including privacy and independence) as for other voters at polling places;
(E)
the availability of transportation aid or assistance to the polling place for individuals with disabilities or older individuals;
(F)
the rights and protections under State and Federal law for individuals with disabilities and older individuals to participate in elections; and
(G)
how to contact State, local, and Federal officials with complaints or grievances if individuals with disabilities, older individuals, Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and individuals with limited proficiency in the English language feel their ability to register to vote or vote has been blocked or delayed.
(b)

Partnership with outside technical organization
The chief State election official of each State, through the committee of appropriate individuals under subsection (c)(2), shall partner with an outside technical organization with demonstrated experience in establishing accessible and easy to use accessible election websites to—
(1)
update an existing election website to make it fully accessible in accordance with this section; or
(2)
develop an election website that is fully accessible in accordance with this section.
(c)

State plan
(1)

Development
The chief State election official of each State shall, through a committee of appropriate individuals as described in paragraph (2), develop a State plan that describes how the State and local governments will meet the requirements under this section.
(2)

Committee membership
The committee shall comprise at least the following individuals:
(A)
The chief election officials of the four most populous jurisdictions within the State.
(B)
The chief election officials of the four least populous jurisdictions within the State.
(C)
Representatives from two disability advocacy groups, including at least one such representative who is an individual with a disability.
(D)
Representatives from two older individual advocacy groups, including at least one such representative who is an older individual.
(E)
Representatives from two independent non-governmental organizations with expertise in establishing and maintaining accessible websites.
(F)
Representatives from two independent non-governmental voting rights organizations.
(G)
Representatives from State protection and advocacy systems as defined in section 102 of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15002).
(d)

Partnership To monitor and verify accessibility
The chief State election official of each eligible State, through the committee of appropriate individuals under subsection (c)(2), shall partner with at least two of the following organizations to monitor and verify the accessibility of the election website and the completeness of the election information and the accuracy of the disability information provided on such website:
(1)
University Centers for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities Education, Research, and Services designated under section 151(a) of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15061(a)).
(2)
Centers for Independent Living, as described in part C of title VII of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 796f et seq.).
(3)
A State Council on Developmental Disabilities described in section 125 of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15025).
(4)
State protection and advocacy systems as defined in section 102 of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15002).
(5)
Statewide Independent Living Councils established under section 705 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 796d).
(6)
State Assistive Technology Act Programs.
(7)
A visual access advocacy organization.
(8)
An organization for the deaf.
(9)
A mental health organization.
(e)

Definitions
For purposes of this section, section 305, and section 307:
(1)

Accessible
The term accessible means—
(A)
in the case of the election website under subsection (a) or an electronic communication under section 305—
(i)
that the functions and content of the website or electronic communication, including all text, visual, and aural content, are as accessible to people with disabilities as to those without disabilities;
(ii)
that the functions and content of the website or electronic communication are accessible to individuals with limited proficiency in the English language; and
(iii)
that the website or electronic communication meets, at a minimum, conformance to Level AA of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 of the Web Accessibility Initiative (or any successor guidelines); and
(B)
in the case of a facility (including a polling place), that the facility is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities and older individuals, as determined under the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design adopted by the Department of Justice (or any successor standards).
(2)

Individual with a disability
The term individual with a disability means an individual with a disability, as defined in section 3 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102), and who is otherwise qualified to vote in elections for Federal office.
(3)

Older individual
The term older individual means an individual who is 60 years of age or older and who is otherwise qualified to vote in elections for Federal office.
(4)

State
The term State means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States.
(f)

Effective date
This section shall apply on or after January 1, 2025.”.
(b)

Voluntary guidance
Section 321(b)(4) such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)), as added and redesignated by section 201(b), is amended by striking “section 305” and inserting “sections 305 and 306”.
(c)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c) and section 201(c), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 306 and 307 as relating to sections 307 and 308, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after the item relating to section 305 the following new item:
“Sec. 306. Establishment and maintenance of accessible election websites.”.
203.

Protections for in-person voting for individuals with disabilities and older individuals
(a)

Requirement
(1)

In general
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), section 201(a), and section 202(a), is amended—
(A)
by redesignating sections 307 and 308 as sections 308 and 309, respectively; and
(B)
by inserting after section 306 the following:
“307.

Access to voting for individuals with disabilities and older individuals
(a)

In general
Each State shall—
(1)
ensure all polling places within the State are accessible, as defined in section 306;
(2)
consider procedures to address long wait times at polling places that allow individuals with disabilities and older individuals alternate options to cast a ballot in person in an election for Federal office, such as the option to cast a ballot outside of the polling place or from a vehicle, or providing an expedited voting line; and
(3)
consider options to establish “mobile polling sites” to allow election officials or volunteers to travel to long-term care facilities and assist residents who request assistance in casting a ballot in order to maintain the privacy and independence of voters in these facilities.
(b)

Clarification
Nothing in this section may be construed to alter the requirements under Federal law that all polling places for Federal elections are accessible to individuals with disabilities and older individuals.
(c)

Effective date
This section shall apply with respect to elections for Federal office held on or after January 1, 2027.”.
(2)

Voluntary guidance
Section 321(b)(4) such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)), as added and redesignated by section 201(b) and as amended by section 202, is amended by striking “and 306” and inserting “, 306, and 307”.
(3)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), section 201(c), and section 202(c), is amended—
(A)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 307 and 308 as relating to sections 308 and 309, respectively; and
(B)
by inserting after the item relating to section 306 the following new item:
“Sec. 307. Access to voting for individuals with disabilities and older individuals.”.
(b)

Revisions to Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
(1)

Reports to Election Assistance Commission
Section 3(c) of the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (52 U.S.C. 20102(c)) is amended—
(A)
in the subsection heading, by striking “Federal Election Commission” and inserting “Election Assistance Commission”;
(B)
in each of paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking “Federal Election Commission” and inserting “Election Assistance Commission”; and
(C)
by striking paragraph (3).
(2)

Conforming amendments relating to references
The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (52 U.S.C. 20101 et seq.), as amended by paragraph (1), is amended—
(A)
by striking “handicapped and elderly individuals” each place it appears and inserting “individuals with disabilities and older individuals”;
(B)
by striking “handicapped and elderly voters” each place it appears and inserting “individuals with disabilities and older individuals”;
(C)
in section 3(b)(2)(B), by striking “handicapped or elderly voter” and inserting “individual with a disability or older individual”;
(D)
in section 5(b), by striking “handicapped voter” and inserting “individual with a disability”; and
(E)
in section 8—
(i)
by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following:
“(1)
accessible has the meaning given that term in section 306 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002, as added by section 202(a) of the Voter Empowerment Act of 2024;
(2)
older individual has the meaning given that term in such section 306;”; and
(ii)
by striking paragraph (4), and inserting the following:
“(4)
individual with a disability has the meaning given that term in such section 306; and”.
(3)

Short title amendment
(A)

In general
Section 1 of the “Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act” (Public Law 98–435; 42 U.S.C. 1973ee note) is amended by striking “for the Elderly and Handicapped” and inserting “for Individuals with Disabilities and Older Individuals”.
(B)

References
Any reference in any other provision of law, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States to the “Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act” shall be deemed to be a reference to the “Voting Accessibility for Individuals with Disabilities and Older Individuals Act”.
(4)

Effective date
The amendments made by this subsection shall take effect on January 1, 2027, and apply to with respect to elections for Federal office held on or after that date.
204.

Protections for individuals subject to guardianship
(a)

In general
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), section 201(a), section 202(a), and section 203(a)(1), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating sections 308 and 309 as sections 309 and 310, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after section 307 the following:
“308.

Protections for individuals subject to guardianship
(a)

In general
A State shall not determine that an individual lacks the capacity to vote in an election for Federal office on the ground that the individual is subject to guardianship, unless a court of competent jurisdiction issues a court order finding by clear and convincing evidence that the individual cannot communicate, with or without accommodations, a desire to participate in the voting process.
(b)

Effective date
This section shall apply with respect to elections for Federal office held on or after January 1, 2025.”.
(b)

Voluntary guidance
Section 321(b)(4) such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)), as added and redesignated by section 201(b) and as amended by sections 202 and 203, is amended by striking “and 307” and inserting “307, and 308”.
(c)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), section 201(c), section 202(c), and section 203(a)(3), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 308 and 309 as relating to sections 309 and 310, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after the item relating to section 307 the following new item:
“Sec. 308. Protections for individuals subject to guardianship.”.
205.

Expansion and reauthorization of grant program to assure voting access for individuals with disabilities
(a)

Purposes of payments
Section 261(b) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21021(b)) is amended by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following:
“(1)
making absentee voting and voting at home accessible to individuals with the full range of disabilities (including impairments involving vision, hearing, mobility, or dexterity) through the implementation of accessible absentee voting systems that work in conjunction with assistive technologies for which individuals have access at their homes, independent living centers, or other facilities;
(2)
making polling places, including the path of travel, entrances, exits, and voting areas of each polling facility, accessible to individuals with disabilities, including the blind and visually impaired, in a manner that provides the same opportunity for access and participation (including privacy and independence) as for other voters; and
(3)
providing solutions to problems of access to voting and elections for individuals with disabilities that are universally designed and provide the same opportunities for individuals with and without disabilities.”.
(b)

Reauthorization
Section 264(a) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21024(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(4)
For fiscal year 2025 and each succeeding fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary to carry out this part.”.
(c)

Period of availability of funds
Section 264 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21024) is amended—
(1)
in subsection (b), by striking “Any amounts” and inserting “Except as provided in subsection (b), any amounts”; and
(2)
by adding at the end the following new subsection:
“(c)

Return and transfer of certain funds
(1)

Deadline for obligation and expenditure
In the case of any amounts appropriated pursuant to the authority of subsection (a) for a payment to a State or unit of local government for fiscal year 2025 or any succeeding fiscal year, any portion of such amounts which have not been obligated or expended by the State or unit of local government prior to the expiration of the 4-year period which begins on the date the State or unit of local government first received the amounts shall be transferred to the Commission.
(2)

Reallocation of transferred amounts
(A)

In general
The Commission shall use the amounts transferred under paragraph (1) to make payments on a pro rata basis to each covered payment recipient described in subparagraph (B), which may obligate and expend such payment for the purposes described in section 261(b) during the 1-year period which begins on the date of receipt.
(B)

Covered payment recipients described
In subparagraph (A), a “covered payment recipient” is a State or unit of local government with respect to which—
(i)
amounts were appropriated pursuant to the authority of subsection (a); and
(ii)
no amounts were transferred to the Commission under paragraph (1).”.
206.

Appointments to EAC Board of Advisors
(a)

In general
Section 214(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20944(a)) is amended—
(1)
in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “37” and inserting “49”; and
(2)
by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
“(17)
Two members appointed by the National Council on Disability.
(18)
Two members appointed by the Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Aging.
(19)
Four members from organizations, whose executive leadership team consists of fifty-one percent of individuals with disabilities, representing the interests of voters with disabilities, of whom—
(A)
two members shall be appointed by the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives, of whom one shall be appointed by the chair and one shall be appointed by the ranking minority member; and
(B)
two members shall be appointed by the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, of whom one shall be appointed by the chair and one shall be appointed by the ranking minority member.
(20)
Four members from organizations representing the interests of older voters, of whom—
(A)
two members shall be appointed by the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives, of whom one shall be appointed by the chair and one shall be appointed by the ranking minority member; and
(B)
two members shall be appointed by the Special Committee on Aging of the Senate, of whom one shall be appointed by the chair and one shall be appointed by the ranking minority member.”.
(b)

Effective date
The amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect on January 1, 2022.
207.

Pilot programs for enabling individuals with disabilities to register to vote privately and independently at residences
(a)

Establishment of pilot programs
The Election Assistance Commission (hereafter referred to as the “Commission”) shall, subject to the availability of appropriations to carry out this section, make grants to eligible States to conduct pilot programs under which individuals with disabilities may use electronic means (including the internet and telephones utilizing assistive devices) to register to vote and to request and receive absentee ballots in a manner which permits such individuals to do so privately and independently at their own residences.
(b)

Reports
(1)

In general
A State receiving a grant for a year under this section shall submit a report to the Commission on the pilot programs the State carried out with the grant with respect to elections for public office held in the State during the year.
(2)

Deadline
A State shall submit a report under paragraph (1) not later than 90 days after the last election for public office held in the State during the year.
(c)

Eligibility
A State is eligible to receive a grant under this section if the State submits to the Commission, at such time and in such form as the Commission may require, an application containing such information and assurances as the Commission may require.
(d)

Timing
The Commission shall make the first grants under this section for pilot programs which will be in effect with respect to elections for Federal office held in 2025, or, at the option of a State, with respect to other elections for public office held in the State in 2025.
(e)

State defined
In this section, the term State includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
208.

GAO analysis and report on voting access for individuals with disabilities
(a)

Analysis
The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an analysis after each regularly scheduled general election for Federal office with respect to the following:
(1)
In relation to polling places located in houses of worship or other facilities that may be exempt from accessibility requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act—
(A)
efforts to overcome accessibility challenges posed by such facilities; and
(B)
the extent to which such facilities are used as polling places in elections for Federal office.
(2)
Assistance provided by the Election Assistance Commission, Department of Justice, or other Federal agencies to help State and local officials improve voting access for individuals with disabilities during elections for Federal office.
(3)
When accessible voting machines are available at a polling place, the extent to which such machines—
(A)
are located in places that are difficult to access;
(B)
malfunction; or
(C)
fail to provide sufficient privacy to ensure that the ballot of the individual cannot be seen by another individual.
(4)
The process by which Federal, State, and local governments track compliance with accessibility requirements related to voting access, including methods to receive and address complaints.
(5)
The extent to which poll workers receive training on how to assist individuals with disabilities, including the receipt by such poll workers of information on legal requirements related to voting rights for individuals with disabilities.
(6)
The extent and effectiveness of training provided to poll workers on the operation of accessible voting machines.
(7)
The extent to which individuals with a developmental or psychiatric disability experience greater barriers to voting, and whether poll worker training adequately addresses the needs of such individuals.
(8)
The extent to which State or local governments employ, or attempt to employ, individuals with disabilities to work at polling sites.
(b)

Report
(1)

In general
Not later than 9 months after the date of a regularly scheduled general election for Federal office, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report with respect to the most recent regularly scheduled general election for Federal office that contains the following:
(A)
The analysis required by subsection (a).
(B)
Recommendations, as appropriate, to promote the use of best practices used by State and local officials to address barriers to accessibility and privacy concerns for individuals with disabilities in elections for Federal office.
(2)

Appropriate congressional committees
For purposes of this subsection, the term appropriate congressional committees means—
(A)
the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives;
(B)
the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate;
(C)
the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and
(D)
the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
III

Prohibiting Voter Caging
301.

Voter caging and other questionable challenges prohibited
(a)

In General
Chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by section 171(a), is amended by adding at the end the following:
“613.

Voter caging and other questionable challenges
(a)

Definitions
In this section—
(1)
the term voter caging document means—
(A)
a nonforwardable document that is returned to the sender or a third party as undelivered or undeliverable despite an attempt to deliver such document to the address of a registered voter or applicant; or
(B)
any document with instructions to an addressee that the document be returned to the sender or a third party but is not so returned, despite an attempt to deliver such document to the address of a registered voter or applicant, unless at least two Federal election cycles have passed since the date of the attempted delivery;
(2)
the term voter caging list means a list of individuals compiled from voter caging documents; and
(3)
the term unverified match list means a list produced by matching the information of registered voters or applicants for voter registration to a list of individuals who are ineligible to vote in the registrar’s jurisdiction, by virtue of death, conviction, change of address, or otherwise; unless one of the pieces of information matched includes a signature, photograph, or unique identifying number ensuring that the information from each source refers to the same individual.
(b)

Prohibition Against Voter Caging
No State or local election official shall prevent an individual from registering or voting in any election for Federal office, or permit in connection with any election for Federal office a formal challenge under State law to an individual’s registration status or eligibility to vote, if the basis for such decision is evidence consisting of—
(1)
a voter caging document or voter caging list;
(2)
an unverified match list;
(3)
an error or omission on any record or paper relating to any application, registration, or other act requisite to voting, if such error or omission is not material to an individual’s eligibility to vote under section 2004(a)(2)(B) of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(a)(2)(B)); or
(4)
any other evidence so designated for purposes of this section by the Election Assistance Commission,
except that the election official may use such evidence if it is corroborated by independent evidence of the individual’s ineligibility to register or vote.
(c)

Requirements for Challenges by Persons Other Than Election Officials
(1)

Requirements for challenges
No person, other than a State or local election official, shall submit a formal challenge to an individual’s eligibility to register to vote in an election for Federal office or to vote in an election for Federal office unless that challenge is supported by personal knowledge regarding the grounds for ineligibility which is—
(A)
documented in writing; and
(B)
subject to an oath or attestation under penalty of perjury that the challenger has a good faith factual basis to believe that the individual who is the subject of the challenge is ineligible to register to vote or vote in that election, except a challenge which is based on the race, ethnicity, or national origin of the individual who is the subject of the challenge may not be considered to have a good faith factual basis for purposes of this paragraph.
(2)

Prohibition on challenges on or near date of election
No person, other than a State or local election official, shall be permitted—
(A)
to challenge an individual’s eligibility to vote in an election for Federal office on Election Day, or
(B)
to challenge an individual’s eligibility to register to vote in an election for Federal office or to vote in an election for Federal office less than 10 days before the election unless the individual registered to vote less than 20 days before the election.
(d)

Penalties for Knowing Misconduct
Whoever knowingly challenges the eligibility of one or more individuals to register or vote or knowingly causes the eligibility of such individuals to be challenged in violation of this section with the intent that one or more eligible voters be disqualified, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both, for each such violation. Each violation shall be a separate offense.
(e)

No Effect on Related Laws
Nothing in this section is intended to override the protections of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.) or to affect the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.).”.
(b)

Clerical Amendment
The table of sections for chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by section 171(b), is amended by adding at the end the following:
“613. Voter caging and other questionable challenges.” .
302.

Development and adoption of best practices for preventing voter caging
(a)

Best practices
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Election Assistance Commission shall develop and publish for the use of States recommendations for best practices to deter and prevent violations of section 613 of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 301(a), including practices to provide for the posting of relevant information at polling places and voter registration agencies, the training of poll workers and election officials, and relevant educational measures. For purposes of this subsection, the term State includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
(b)

Inclusion in voting information requirements
Section 302(b)(2) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082(b)(2)), as amended by section 172(b), is amended—
(1)
by striking “and” at the end of subparagraph (F);
(2)
by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (G) and inserting “; and”; and
(3)
by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
“(H)
information relating to the prohibition against voter caging and other questionable challenges (as set forth in section 613 of title 18, United States Code), including information on how individuals may report allegations of violations of such prohibition.”.
IV

Prohibiting Deceptive Practices and Preventing Voter Intimidation
401.

Short title
This title may be cited as the “Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act of 2024”.
402.

Prohibition on deceptive practices in Federal elections
(a)

Prohibition
Subsection (b) of section 2004 of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(b)) is amended—
(1)
by striking “No person” and inserting the following:
“(1)

In general
No person”; and
(2)
by inserting at the end the following new paragraphs:
“(2)

False statements regarding Federal elections
(A)

Prohibition
No person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, shall, within 60 days before an election described in paragraph (5), by any means, including by means of written, electronic, or telephonic communications, communicate or cause to be communicated information described in subparagraph (B), or produce information described in subparagraph (B) with the intent that such information be communicated, if such person—
(i)
knows such information to be materially false; and
(ii)
has the intent to impede or prevent another person from exercising the right to vote in an election described in paragraph (5).
(B)

Information described
Information is described in this subparagraph if such information is regarding—
(i)
the time, place, or manner of holding any election described in paragraph (5); or
(ii)
the qualifications for or restrictions on voter eligibility for any such election, including—
(I)
any criminal penalties associated with voting in any such election; or
(II)
information regarding a voter's registration status or eligibility.
(3)

False statements regarding public endorsements
(A)

Prohibition
No person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, shall, within 60 days before an election described in paragraph (5), by any means, including by means of written, electronic, or telephonic communications, communicate, or cause to be communicated, a materially false statement about an endorsement, if such person—
(i)
knows such statement to be false; and
(ii)
has the intent to impede or prevent another person from exercising the right to vote in an election described in paragraph (5).
(B)

Definition of “materially false”
For purposes of subparagraph (A), a statement about an endorsement is materially false if, with respect to an upcoming election described in paragraph (5)—
(i)
the statement states that a specifically named person, political party, or organization has endorsed the election of a specific candidate for a Federal office described in such paragraph; and
(ii)
such person, political party, or organization has not endorsed the election of such candidate.
(4)

Hindering, interfering with, or preventing voting or registering to vote
No person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, shall intentionally hinder, interfere with, or prevent another person from voting, registering to vote, or aiding another person to vote or register to vote in an election described in paragraph (5).
(5)

Election described
An election described in this paragraph is any general, primary, run-off, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Commissioner from a Territory or possession.”.
(b)

Private right of action
(1)

In general
Subsection (c) of section 2004 of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(c)) is amended—
(A)
by striking “Whenever any person” and inserting the following:
“(1)

In general
Whenever any person”; and
(B)
by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(2)

Civil action
Any person aggrieved by a violation of subsection (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) may institute a civil action for preventive relief, including an application in a United States district court for a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order. In any such action, the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party a reasonable attorney’s fee as part of the costs.”.
(2)

Conforming amendments
Section 2004 of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101) is amended—
(A)
in subsection (e), by striking “subsection (c)” and inserting “subsection (c)(1)”; and
(B)
in subsection (g), by striking “subsection (c)” and inserting “subsection (c)(1)”.
(c)

Criminal penalties
(1)

Deceptive acts
Section 594 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
(A)
by striking “Whoever” and inserting the following:
“(a)

Intimidation
Whoever”;
(B)
in subsection (a), as inserted by subparagraph (A), by striking “at any election” and inserting “at any general, primary, run-off, or special election”; and
(C)
by adding at the end the following new subsections:
“(b)

Deceptive acts
(1)

False statements regarding Federal elections
(A)

Prohibition
It shall be unlawful for any person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, within 60 days before an election described in subsection (e), by any means, including by means of written, electronic, or telephonic communications, to communicate or cause to be communicated information described in subparagraph (B), or produce information described in subparagraph (B) with the intent that such information be communicated, if such person—
(i)
knows such information to be materially false; and
(ii)
has the intent to mislead voters, or the intent to impede or prevent another person from exercising the right to vote in an election described in subsection (e).
(B)

Information described
Information is described in this subparagraph if such information is regarding—
(i)
the time or place of holding any election described in subsection (e); or
(ii)
the qualifications for or restrictions on voter eligibility for any such election, including—
(I)
any criminal penalties associated with voting in any such election; or
(II)
information regarding a voter's registration status or eligibility.
(2)

Penalty
Any person who violates paragraph (1) shall be fined not more than $100,000, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.
(c)

Hindering, interfering with, or preventing voting or registering To vote
(1)

Prohibition
It shall be unlawful for any person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, to intentionally hinder, interfere with, or prevent another person from voting, registering to vote, or aiding another person to vote or register to vote in an election described in subsection (e).
(2)

Penalty
Any person who violates paragraph (1) shall be fined not more than $100,000, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.
(d)

Attempt
Any person who attempts to commit any offense described in subsection (a), (b)(1), or (c)(1) shall be subject to the same penalties as those prescribed for the offense that the person attempted to commit.
(e)

Election described
An election described in this subsection is any general, primary, run-off, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Senator, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the Congress.”.
(2)

Modification of penalty for voter intimidation
Section 594(a) of title 18, United States Code, as amended by paragraph (1), is amended by striking “fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year” and inserting “fined not more than $100,000, imprisoned for not more than 5 years”.
(3)

Sentencing guidelines
(A)

Review and amendment
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the United States Sentencing Commission, pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, United States Code, and in accordance with this section, shall review and, if appropriate, amend the Federal sentencing guidelines and policy statements applicable to persons convicted of any offense under section 594 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by this section.
(B)

Authorization
The United States Sentencing Commission may amend the Federal Sentencing Guidelines in accordance with the procedures set forth in section 21(a) of the Sentencing Act of 1987 (28 U.S.C. 994 note) as though the authority under that section had not expired.
(4)

Payments for refraining from voting
Subsection (c) of section 11 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10307) is amended by striking “either for registration to vote or for voting” and inserting “for registration to vote, for voting, or for not voting”.
403.

Corrective action
(a)

Corrective action
(1)

In general
If the Attorney General receives a credible report that materially false information has been or is being communicated in violation of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 2004(b) of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(b)), as added by section 402(a), and if the Attorney General determines that State and local election officials have not taken adequate steps to promptly communicate accurate information to correct the materially false information, the Attorney General shall, pursuant to the written procedures and standards under subsection (b), communicate to the public, by any means, including by means of written, electronic, or telephonic communications, accurate information designed to correct the materially false information.
(2)

Communication of corrective information
Any information communicated by the Attorney General under paragraph (1)—
(A)
shall—
(i)
be accurate and objective;
(ii)
consist of only the information necessary to correct the materially false information that has been or is being communicated; and
(iii)
to the extent practicable, be by a means that the Attorney General determines will reach the persons to whom the materially false information has been or is being communicated; and
(B)
shall not be designed to favor or disfavor any particular candidate, organization, or political party.
(b)

Written procedures and standards for taking corrective action
(1)

In general
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall publish written procedures and standards for determining when and how corrective action will be taken under this section.
(2)

Inclusion of appropriate deadlines
The procedures and standards under paragraph (1) shall include appropriate deadlines, based in part on the number of days remaining before the upcoming election.
(3)

Consultation
In developing the procedures and standards under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall consult with the Election Assistance Commission, State and local election officials, civil rights organizations, voting rights groups, voter protection groups, and other interested community organizations.
(c)

Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General such sums as may be necessary to carry out this title.
404.

Reports to Congress
(a)

In general
Not later than 180 days after each general election for Federal office, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report compiling all allegations received by the Attorney General of deceptive practices described in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of section 2004(b) of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(b)), as added by section 402(a), relating to the general election for Federal office and any primary, run-off, or a special election for Federal office held in the 2 years preceding the general election.
(b)

Contents
(1)

In general
Each report submitted under subsection (a) shall include—
(A)
a description of each allegation of a deceptive practice described in subsection (a), including the geographic location, racial and ethnic composition, and language minority-group membership of the persons toward whom the alleged deceptive practice was directed;
(B)
the status of the investigation of each allegation described in subparagraph (A);
(C)
a description of each corrective action taken by the Attorney General under section 403(a) in response to an allegation described in subparagraph (A);
(D)
a description of each referral of an allegation described in subparagraph (A) to other Federal, State, or local agencies;
(E)
to the extent information is available, a description of any civil action instituted under section 2004(c)(2) of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(c)(2)), as added by section 402(b), in connection with an allegation described in subparagraph (A); and
(F)
a description of any criminal prosecution instituted under section 594 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by section 402(c), in connection with the receipt of an allegation described in subparagraph (A) by the Attorney General.
(2)

Exclusion of certain information
(A)

In general
The Attorney General shall not include in a report submitted under subsection (a) any information protected from disclosure by rule 6(e) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure or any Federal criminal statute.
(B)

Exclusion of certain other information
The Attorney General may determine that the following information shall not be included in a report submitted under subsection (a):
(i)
Any information that is privileged.
(ii)
Any information concerning an ongoing investigation.
(iii)
Any information concerning a criminal or civil proceeding conducted under seal.
(iv)
Any other nonpublic information that the Attorney General determines the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to infringe on the rights of any individual or adversely affect the integrity of a pending or future criminal investigation.
(c)

Report made public
On the date that the Attorney General submits the report under subsection (a), the Attorney General shall also make the report publicly available through the internet and other appropriate means.
V

Democracy Restoration
501.

Short title
This title may be cited as the “Democracy Restoration Act of 2024”.
502.

Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
(1)
The right to vote is the most basic constitutive act of citizenship. Regaining the right to vote reintegrates individuals with criminal convictions into free society, helping to enhance public safety.
(2)
Article I, section 4, of the Constitution grants Congress ultimate supervisory power over Federal elections, an authority which has repeatedly been upheld by the United States Supreme Court.
(3)
Basic constitutional principles of fairness and equal protection require an equal opportunity for citizens of the United States to vote in Federal elections. The right to vote may not be abridged or denied by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, gender, or previous condition of servitude. The 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th Amendments to the Constitution empower Congress to enact measures to protect the right to vote in Federal elections. The 8th Amendment to the Constitution provides for no excessive bail to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
(4)
There are 3 areas in which discrepancies in State laws regarding criminal convictions lead to unfairness in Federal elections—
(A)
the lack of a uniform standard for voting in Federal elections leads to an unfair disparity and unequal participation in Federal elections based solely on where a person lives;
(B)
laws governing the restoration of voting rights after a criminal conviction vary throughout the country and persons in some States can easily regain their voting rights while in other States persons effectively lose their right to vote permanently; and
(C)
State disenfranchisement laws disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities.
(5)
State disenfranchisement laws vary widely. Two States (Maine and Vermont) and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico do not disenfranchise individuals with criminal convictions at all. In 2020, the District of Columbia re-enfranchised its citizens who are under the supervision of the Federal Bureau of Prisons. In 30 States, individuals with convictions may not vote while they are on parole and 28 of those States disenfranchise individuals on felony probation as well. In 11 States, a conviction can result in lifetime disenfranchisement.
(6)
Several States deny the right to vote to individuals convicted of certain misdemeanors.
(7)
In 2020, an estimated 5,200,000 citizens of the United States, or about 1 in 44 adults in the United States, could not vote as a result of a felony conviction. Of the 5,200,000 citizens barred from voting then, only 24 percent were in prison. By contrast, 75 percent of persons disenfranchised then resided in their communities while on probation or parole or after having completed their sentences. Approximately 2,200,000 citizens who had completed their sentences were disenfranchised due to restrictive State laws. As of November 2018, the lifetime ban for persons with certain felony convictions was eliminated through a Florida ballot initiative. As a result, as many as 1,400,000 people are now eligible to have their voting rights restored. In 4 States—Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, and Tennessee—more than 7 percent of the total population is disenfranchised.
(8)
In those States that disenfranchise individuals post-sentence, the right to vote can be regained in theory, but in practice this possibility is often granted in a non-uniform and potentially discriminatory manner. Disenfranchised individuals sometimes must either obtain a pardon or an order from the Governor or an action by the parole or pardon board, depending on the offense and State. Individuals convicted of a Federal offense often have additional barriers to regaining voting rights.
(9)
State disenfranchisement laws disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. In recent years, African Americans have been imprisoned at over 5 times the rate of Whites. More than 6 percent of the voting-age African-American population, or 1,800,000 African Americans, are disenfranchised due to a felony conviction. In 9 States—Alabama (16 percent), Arizona (13 percent), Florida (15 percent), Kentucky (15 percent), Mississippi (16 percent), South Dakota (14 percent), Tennessee (21 percent), Virginia (16 percent), and Wyoming (36 percent)—more than 1 in 8 African Americans are unable to vote because of a felony conviction, twice the national average for African Americans.
(10)
Latino citizens are also disproportionately disenfranchised based upon their disproportionate representation in the criminal justice system. In recent years, Latinos have been imprisoned at 2.5 times the rate of Whites. More than 2 percent of the voting-age Latino population, or 560,000 Latinos, are disenfranchised due to a felony conviction. In 34 states Latinos are disenfranchised at a higher rate than the general population. In 11 states 4 percent or more of Latino adults are disenfranchised due to a felony conviction (Alabama, 4 percent; Arizona, 7 percent; Arkansas, 4 percent; Idaho, 4 percent; Iowa, 4 percent; Kentucky, 6 percent; Minnesota, 4 percent; Mississippi, 5 percent; Nebraska, 6 percent; Tennessee, 11 percent, Wyoming, 4 percent), twice the national average for Latinos.
(11)
Disenfranchising citizens who have been convicted of a criminal offense and who are living and working in the community serves no compelling State interest and hinders their rehabilitation and reintegration into society.
(12)
State disenfranchisement laws can suppress electoral participation among eligible voters by discouraging voting among family and community members of disenfranchised persons. Future electoral participation by the children of disenfranchised parents may be impacted as well.
(13)
The United States is one of the only Western democracies that permits the permanent denial of voting rights for individuals with felony convictions.
503.

Rights of citizens
The right of an individual who is a citizen of the United States to vote in any election for Federal office shall not be denied or abridged because that individual has been convicted of a criminal offense unless such individual is serving a felony sentence in a correctional institution or facility at the time of the election.
504.

Enforcement
(a)

Attorney general
The Attorney General may, in a civil action, obtain such declaratory or injunctive relief as is necessary to remedy a violation of this title.
(b)

Private right of action
(1)

In general
A person who is aggrieved by a violation of this title may provide written notice of the violation to the chief election official of the State involved.
(2)

Relief
Except as provided in paragraph (3), if the violation is not corrected within 90 days after receipt of a notice under paragraph (1), or within 20 days after receipt of the notice if the violation occurred within 120 days before the date of an election for Federal office, the aggrieved person may, in a civil action, obtain declaratory or injunctive relief with respect to the violation.
(3)

Exception
If the violation occurred within 30 days before the date of an election for Federal office, the aggrieved person need not provide notice to the chief election official of the State under paragraph (1) before bringing a civil action to obtain declaratory or injunctive relief with respect to the violation.
505.

Notification of restoration of voting rights
(a)

State notification
(1)

Notification
On the date determined under paragraph (2), each State shall—
(A)
notify in writing any individual who has been convicted of a criminal offense under the law of that State that such individual—
(i)
has the right to vote in an election for Federal office pursuant to the Democracy Restoration Act of 2024; and
(ii)
may register to vote in any such election; and
(B)
provide such individual with any materials that are necessary to register to vote in any such election.
(2)

Date of notification
(A)

Felony conviction
In the case of such an individual who has been convicted of a felony, the notification required under paragraph (1) shall be given on the date on which the individual—
(i)
is sentenced to serve only a term of probation; or
(ii)
is released from the custody of that State (other than to the custody of another State or the Federal Government to serve a term of imprisonment for a felony conviction).
(B)

Misdemeanor conviction
In the case of such an individual who has been convicted of a misdemeanor, the notification required under paragraph (1) shall be given on the date on which such individual is sentenced by a State court.
(b)

Federal notification
(1)

Notification
Any individual who has been convicted of a criminal offense under Federal law—
(A)
shall be notified in accordance with paragraph (2) that such individual—
(i)
has the right to vote in an election for Federal office pursuant to the Democracy Restoration Act of 2024; and
(ii)
may register to vote in any such election; and
(B)
shall be provided with any materials that are necessary to register to vote in any such election.
(2)

Date of notification
(A)

Felony conviction
In the case of such an individual who has been convicted of a felony, the notification required under paragraph (1) shall be given—
(i)
in the case of an individual who is sentenced to serve only a term of probation, by the Assistant Director for the Office of Probation and Pretrial Services of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts on the date on which the individual is sentenced; or
(ii)
in the case of any individual committed to the custody of the Bureau of Prisons, by the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, during the period beginning on the date that is 6 months before such individual is released and ending on the date such individual is released from the custody of the Bureau of Prisons.
(B)

Misdemeanor conviction
In the case of such an individual who has been convicted of a misdemeanor, the notification required under paragraph (1) shall be given on the date on which such individual is sentenced by a court established by an Act of Congress.
506.

Definitions
For purposes of this title:
(1)

Correctional institution or facility
The term correctional institution or facility means any prison, penitentiary, jail, or other institution or facility for the confinement of individuals convicted of criminal offenses, whether publicly or privately operated, except that such term does not include any residential community treatment center (or similar public or private facility).
(2)

Election
The term election means—
(A)
a general, special, primary, or runoff election;
(B)
a convention or caucus of a political party held to nominate a candidate;
(C)
a primary election held for the selection of delegates to a national nominating convention of a political party; or
(D)
a primary election held for the expression of a preference for the nomination of persons for election to the office of President.
(3)

Federal office
The term Federal office means the office of President or Vice President of the United States, or of Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress of the United States.
(4)

Probation
The term probation means probation, imposed by a Federal, State, or local court, with or without a condition on the individual involved concerning—
(A)
the individual’s freedom of movement;
(B)
the payment of damages by the individual;
(C)
periodic reporting by the individual to an officer of the court; or
(D)
supervision of the individual by an officer of the court.
507.

Relation to other laws
(a)

State laws relating to voting rights
Nothing in this title be construed to prohibit the States from enacting any State law which affords the right to vote in any election for Federal office on terms less restrictive than those established by this title.
(b)

Certain Federal Acts
The rights and remedies established by this title—
(1)
are in addition to all other rights and remedies provided by law, and
(2)
shall not supersede, restrict, or limit the application of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.) or the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.).
508.

Federal prison funds
No State, unit of local government, or other person may receive or use, to construct or otherwise improve a prison, jail, or other place of incarceration, any Federal funds unless that person has in effect a program under which each individual incarcerated in that person’s jurisdiction who is a citizen of the United States is notified, upon release from such incarceration, of that individual’s rights under section 503.
509.

Effective date
This title shall apply to citizens of the United States voting in any election for Federal office held after the date of the enactment of this Act.
VI

Promoting Accuracy, Integrity, and Security Through Voter-Verified Permanent Paper Ballot
601.

Short title
This title may be cited as the “Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2024”.
602.

Paper ballot and manual counting requirements
(a)

In general
Section 301(a)(2) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
“(2)

Paper ballot requirement
(A)

Voter-verified paper ballots
(i)

Paper ballot requirement
(I)
The voting system shall require the use of an individual, durable, voter-verified paper ballot of the voter’s vote that shall be marked and made available for inspection and verification by the voter before the voter’s vote is cast and counted, and which shall be counted by hand or read by an optical character recognition device or other counting device. For purposes of this subclause, the term individual, durable, voter-verified paper ballot means a paper ballot marked by the voter by hand or a paper ballot marked through the use of a nontabulating ballot marking device or system, so long as the voter shall have the option to mark his or her ballot by hand.
(II)
The voting system shall provide the voter with an opportunity to correct any error on the paper ballot before the permanent voter-verified paper ballot is preserved in accordance with clause (ii).
(III)
The voting system shall not preserve the voter-verified paper ballots in any manner that makes it possible, at any time after the ballot has been cast, to associate a voter with the record of the voter’s vote without the voter’s consent.
(IV)
The voting system shall prevent, through mechanical means or through independently verified protections, the modification or addition of vote selections on a printed or marked ballot at any time after the voter has been provided an opportunity to correct errors on the ballot pursuant to subclause (II).
(ii)

Preservation as official record
The individual, durable, voter-verified paper ballot used in accordance with clause (i) shall constitute the official ballot and shall be preserved and used as the official ballot for purposes of any recount or audit conducted with respect to any election for Federal office in which the voting system is used.
(iii)

Manual counting requirements for recounts and audits
(I)
Each paper ballot used pursuant to clause (i) shall be suitable for a manual audit, and shall be counted by hand in any recount or audit conducted with respect to any election for Federal office.
(II)
In the event of any inconsistencies or irregularities between any electronic vote tallies and the vote tallies determined by counting by hand the individual, durable, voter-verified paper ballots used pursuant to clause (i), and subject to subparagraph (B), the individual, durable, voter-verified paper ballots shall be the true and correct record of the votes cast.
(iv)

Application to all ballots
The requirements of this subparagraph shall apply to all ballots cast in elections for Federal office, including ballots cast by absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act and other absentee voters.
(B)

Special rule for treatment of disputes when paper ballots have been shown to be compromised
(i)

In general
In the event that—
(I)
there is any inconsistency between any electronic vote tallies and the vote tallies determined by counting by hand the individual, durable, voter-verified paper ballots used pursuant to subparagraph (A)(i) with respect to any election for Federal office; and
(II)
it is demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence (as determined in accordance with the applicable standards in the jurisdiction involved) in any recount, audit, or contest of the result of the election that the paper ballots have been compromised (by damage or mischief or otherwise) and that a sufficient number of the ballots have been so compromised that the result of the election could be changed,
the determination of the appropriate remedy with respect to the election shall be made in accordance with applicable State law, except that the electronic tally shall not be used as the exclusive basis for determining the official certified result.
(ii)

Rule for consideration of ballots associated with each voting machine
For purposes of clause (i), only the paper ballots deemed compromised, if any, shall be considered in the calculation of whether or not the result of the election could be changed due to the compromised paper ballots.”.
(b)

Conforming amendment clarifying applicability of alternative language accessibility
Section 301(a)(4) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(4)) is amended by inserting “(including the paper ballots required to be used under paragraph (2))” after “voting system”.
(c)

Other conforming amendments
Section 301(a)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(1)) is amended—
(1)
in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking “counted” and inserting “counted, in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3)”;
(2)
in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking “counted” and inserting “counted, in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3)”;
(3)
in subparagraph (A)(iii), by striking “counted” each place it appears and inserting “counted, in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3)”; and
(4)
in subparagraph (B)(ii), by striking “counted” and inserting “counted, in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3)”.
603.

Accessibility and ballot verification for individuals with disabilities
(a)

In general
Section 301(a)(3)(B) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(3)(B)) is amended to read as follows:
“(B)
(i)
ensure that individuals with disabilities and others are given an equivalent opportunity to vote, including with privacy and independence, in a manner that produces a voter-verified paper ballot;
(ii)
satisfy the requirement of subparagraph (A) through the use of at least one voting system equipped for individuals with disabilities, including nonvisual and enhanced visual accessibility for the blind and visually impaired, and nonmanual and enhanced manual accessibility for the mobility and dexterity impaired, at each polling place; and
(iii)
meet the requirements of subparagraph (A) and paragraph (2)(A) by using a system that—
(I)
allows the voter to privately and independently verify the permanent paper ballot through the presentation, in accessible form, of the printed or marked vote selections from the same printed or marked information that would be used for any vote counting or auditing; and
(II)
allows the voter to privately and independently verify and cast the permanent paper ballot without requiring the voter to manually handle the paper ballot;”.
(b)

Specific requirement of study, testing, and development of accessible voting options
(1)

Study and reporting
Subtitle C of title II of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended—
(A)
by redesignating section 247 as section 248; and
(B)
by inserting after section 246 the following new section:
“247.

Study and report on accessible voting options
(a)

Grants To study and report
The Commission, in coordination with the Access Board and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, shall make grants to not fewer than 3 eligible entities to study, test, and develop accessible and secure remote voting systems and voting, verification, and casting devices to enhance the accessibility of voting and verification for individuals with disabilities.
(b)

Eligibility
An entity is eligible to receive a grant under this part if it submits to the Commission (at such time and in such form as the Commission may require) an application containing—
(1)
a certification that the entity shall complete the activities carried out with the grant not later than January 1, 2027; and
(2)
such other information and certifications as the Commission may require.
(c)

Availability of technology
Any technology developed with the grants made under this section shall be treated as non-proprietary and shall be made available to the public, including to manufacturers of voting systems.
(d)

Coordination with grants for technology improvements
The Commission shall carry out this section so that the activities carried out with the grants made under subsection (a) are coordinated with the research conducted under the grant program carried out by the Commission under section 271, to the extent that the Commission determine necessary to provide for the advancement of accessible voting technology.
(e)

Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection (a) $10,000,000, to remain available until expended.”.
(2)

Clerical amendment
The table of contents of such Act is amended—
(A)
by redesignating the item relating to section 247 as relating to section 248; and
(B)
by inserting after the item relating to section 246 the following new item:
“Sec. 247. Study and report on accessible voting options.” .
(c)

Clarification of accessibility standards under voluntary voting system guidance
In adopting any voluntary guidance under subtitle B of title III of the Help America Vote Act with respect to the accessibility of the paper ballot verification requirements for individuals with disabilities, the Election Assistance Commission shall include and apply the same accessibility standards applicable under the voluntary guidance adopted for accessible voting systems under such subtitle.
(d)

Permitting use of funds for protection and advocacy systems To support actions To enforce election-Related disability access
Section 292(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21062(a)) is amended by striking “; except that” and all that follows and inserting a period.
604.

Durability and readability requirements for ballots
Section 301(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(7)

Durability and readability requirements for ballots
(A)

Durability requirements for paper ballots
(i)

In general
All voter-verified paper ballots required to be used under this Act shall be marked or printed on durable paper.
(ii)

Definition
For purposes of this Act, paper is “durable” if it is capable of withstanding multiple counts and recounts by hand without compromising the fundamental integrity of the ballots, and capable of retaining the information marked or printed on them for the full duration of a retention and preservation period of 22 months.
(B)

Readability requirements for paper ballots marked by ballot marking device
All voter-verified paper ballots completed by the voter through the use of a ballot marking device shall be clearly readable by the voter without assistance (other than eyeglasses or other personal vision enhancing devices) and by an optical character recognition device or other device equipped for individuals with disabilities.”.
605.

Study and report on optimal ballot design
(a)

Study
The Election Assistance Commission shall conduct a study of the best ways to design ballots used in elections for public office, including paper ballots and electronic or digital ballots, to minimize confusion and user errors.
(b)

Report
Not later than January 1, 2025, the Election Assistance Commission shall submit to Congress a report on the study conducted under subsection (a).
606.

Paper ballot printing requirements
Section 301(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)), as amended by section 604, is further amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(8)

Printing requirements for ballots
All paper ballots used in an election for Federal office shall be printed in the United States on paper manufactured in the United States.”.
607.

Effective date for new requirements
Section 301(d) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(d)) is amended to read as follows:
“(d)

Effective Date
(1)

In general
Except as provided in paragraph (2), each State and jurisdiction shall be required to comply with the requirements of this section on and after January 1, 2006.
(2)

Special rule for certain requirements
(A)

In general
Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), the requirements of this section which are first imposed on a State and jurisdiction pursuant to the amendments made by the Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2024 shall apply with respect to voting systems used for any election for Federal office held in 2026 or any succeeding year.
(B)

Delay for jurisdictions using certain paper record printers or certain systems using or producing voter-verifiable paper records in 2024
(i)

Delay
In the case of a jurisdiction described in clause (ii), subparagraph (A) shall apply to a voting system in the jurisdiction as if the reference in such subparagraph to “2026” were a reference to “2028”, but only with respect to the following requirements of this section:
(I)
Paragraph (2)(A)(i)(I) of subsection (a) (relating to the use of voter-verified paper ballots).
(II)
Paragraph (3)(B)(iii)(I) and (II) of subsection (a) (relating to access to verification from and casting of the durable paper ballot).
(III)
Paragraph (7) of subsection (a) (relating to durability and readability requirements for ballots).
(ii)

Jurisdictions described
A jurisdiction described in this clause is a jurisdiction—
(I)
which used voter verifiable paper record printers attached to direct recording electronic voting machines, or which used other voting systems that used or produced paper records of the vote verifiable by voters but that are not in compliance with paragraphs (2)(A)(i)(I), (3)(B)(iii)(i) and (II), and (7) of subsection (a) (as amended or added by the Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2021), for the administration of the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2024; and
(II)
which will continue to use such printers or systems for the administration of elections for Federal office held in years before 2028.
(iii)

Mandatory availability of paper ballots at polling places using grandfathered printers and systems
(I)

Requiring ballots to be offered and provided
The appropriate election official at each polling place that uses a printer or system described in clause (ii)(I) for the administration of elections for Federal office shall offer each individual who is eligible to cast a vote in the election at the polling place the opportunity to cast the vote using a blank pre-printed paper ballot which the individual may mark by hand and which is not produced by the direct recording electronic voting machine or other such system. The official shall provide the individual with the ballot and the supplies necessary to mark the ballot, and shall ensure (to the greatest extent practicable) that the waiting period for the individual to cast a vote is the lesser of 30 minutes or the average waiting period for an individual who does not agree to cast the vote using such a paper ballot under this clause.
(II)

Treatment of ballot
Any paper ballot which is cast by an individual under this clause shall be counted and otherwise treated as a regular ballot for all purposes (including by incorporating it into the final unofficial vote count (as defined by the State) for the precinct) and not as a provisional ballot, unless the individual casting the ballot would have otherwise been required to cast a provisional ballot.
(III)

Posting of notice
The appropriate election official shall ensure there is prominently displayed at each polling place a notice that describes the obligation of the official to offer individuals the opportunity to cast votes using a pre-printed blank paper ballot.
(IV)

Training of election officials
The chief State election official shall ensure that election officials at polling places in the State are aware of the requirements of this clause, including the requirement to display a notice under subclause (III), and are aware that it is a violation of the requirements of this title for an election official to fail to offer an individual the opportunity to cast a vote using a blank pre-printed paper ballot.
(V)

Period of applicability
The requirements of this clause apply only during the period in which the delay is in effect under clause (i).
(C)

Special rule for jurisdictions using certain nontabulating ballot marking devices
In the case of a jurisdiction which uses a nontabulating ballot marking device which automatically deposits the ballot into a privacy sleeve, subparagraph (A) shall apply to a voting system in the jurisdiction as if the reference in such subparagraph to “any election for Federal office held in 2026 or any succeeding year” were a reference to “elections for Federal office occurring held in 2028 or each succeeding year”, but only with respect to paragraph (3)(B)(iii)(II) of subsection (a) (relating to nonmanual casting of the durable paper ballot).”.
VII

Provisional Ballots
701.

Requirements for counting provisional ballots; establishment of uniform and nondiscriminatory standards
(a)

In general
Section 302 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082) is amended—
(1)
by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (f); and
(2)
by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsections:
“(d)

Statewide counting of provisional ballots
(1)

In general
For purposes of subsection (a)(4), notwithstanding the precinct or polling place at which a provisional ballot is cast within the State, the appropriate election official of the jurisdiction in which the individual is registered shall count each vote on such ballot for each election in which the individual who cast such ballot is eligible to vote.
(2)

Effective date
This subsection shall apply with respect to elections held on or after January 1, 2025.
(e)

Uniform and nondiscriminatory standards
(1)

In general
Consistent with the requirements of this section, each State shall establish uniform and nondiscriminatory standards for the issuance, handling, and counting of provisional ballots.
(2)

Effective date
This subsection shall apply with respect to elections held on or after January 1, 2025.”.
(b)

Conforming amendment
Section 302(f) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21082(f)), as redesignated by subsection (a), is amended by striking “Each State” and inserting “Except as provided in subsections (d)(2) and (e)(2), each State”.
VIII

Early Voting
801.

Early voting
(a)

Requirements
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), section 201(a), section 202(a), section 203(a)(1), and section 204(a), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating sections 309 and 310 as sections 310 and 311, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after section 308 the following new section:
“309.

Early voting
(a)

Requiring Voting Prior to Date of Election
(1)

In general
Each State shall allow individuals to vote in an election for Federal office during an early voting period which occurs prior to the date of the election, in the same manner as voting is allowed on such date.
(2)

Length of period
The early voting period required under this subsection with respect to an election shall consist of a period of consecutive days (including weekends) which begins on the 15th day before the date of the election (or, at the option of the State, on a day prior to the 15th day before the date of the election) and ends on the date of the election.
(b)

Minimum early voting requirements
Each polling place which allows voting during an early voting period under subsection (a) shall—
(1)
allow such voting for no less than 10 hours on each day;
(2)
have uniform hours each day for which such voting occurs; and
(3)
allow such voting to be held for some period of time prior to 9:00 a.m (local time) and some period of time after 5:00 p.m. (local time).
(c)

Location of polling places
(1)

Proximity to public transportation
To the greatest extent practicable, a State shall ensure that each polling place which allows voting during an early voting period under subsection (a) is located within walking distance of a stop on a public transportation route.
(2)

Availability in rural areas
The State shall ensure that polling places which allow voting during an early voting period under subsection (a) will be located in rural areas of the State, and shall ensure that such polling places are located in communities which will provide the greatest opportunity for residents of rural areas to vote during the early voting period.
(d)

Standards
(1)

In general
The Commission shall issue standards for the administration of voting prior to the day scheduled for a Federal election. Such standards shall include the nondiscriminatory geographic placement of polling places at which such voting occurs.
(2)

Deviation
The standards described in paragraph (1) shall permit States, upon providing adequate public notice, to deviate from any requirement in the case of unforeseen circumstances such as a natural disaster, terrorist attack, or a change in voter turnout.
(e)

Ballot processing and scanning requirements
(1)

In general
The State shall begin processing and scanning ballots cast during in-person early voting for tabulation at least 14 days prior to the date of the election involved.
(2)

Limitation
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to permit a State to tabulate ballots in an election before the closing of the polls on the date of the election.
(f)

Effective date
This section shall apply with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2026 and each succeeding election for Federal office.”.
(b)

Conforming amendments relating to issuance of voluntary guidance by Election Assistance Commission
Section 321(b) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)), as redesignated and amended by section 201(b), is amended—
(1)
by striking “and” at the end of paragraph (3);
(2)
by striking the period at the end of paragraph (4) and inserting “; and”; and
(3)
by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(5)
except as provided in paragraph (4), in the case of the recommendations with respect to any section added by the Voter Empowerment Act of 2024, June 30, 2026.”.
(c)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), section 201(d), section 202(c), section 203(a)(3), and section 204(c), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 309 and 310 as relating to sections 310 and 311, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after the item relating to section 308 the following new item:
“Sec. 309. Early voting.”.
IX

Voting by Mail
901.

Voting by mail
(a)

Requirements
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), section 201(a), section 202(a), section 203(a)(1), section 204(a), and section 801(a), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating sections 310 and 311 as sections 311 and 312, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after section 309 the following new section:
“310.

Promoting ability of voters to vote by mail
(a)

Uniform availability of absentee voting to all voters
(1)

In general
If an individual in a State is eligible to cast a vote in an election for Federal office, the State may not impose any additional conditions or requirements on the eligibility of the individual to cast the vote in such election by absentee ballot by mail.
(2)

Administration of voting by mail
(A)

Prohibiting identification requirement as condition of obtaining ballot
A State may not require an individual to provide any form of identification as a condition of obtaining an absentee ballot, except that nothing in this paragraph may be construed to prevent a State from requiring a signature of the individual or similar affirmation as a condition of obtaining an absentee ballot.
(B)

Prohibiting requirement to provide notarization or witness signature as condition of obtaining or casting ballot
A State may not require notarization or witness signature or other formal authentication (other than voter attestation) as a condition of obtaining or casting an absentee ballot.
(C)

Deadline for returning ballot
A State may impose a reasonable deadline for requesting the absentee ballot and related voting materials from the appropriate State or local election official and for returning the ballot to the appropriate State or local election official.
(3)

No effect on identification requirements for first-time voters registering by mail
Nothing in this subsection may be construed to exempt any individual described in paragraph (1) of section 303(b) from meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) of such section.
(b)

Due process requirements for States requiring signature verification
(1)

Requirement
(A)

In general
A State may not impose a signature verification requirement as a condition of accepting and counting an absentee ballot submitted by any individual with respect to an election for Federal office unless the State meets the due process requirements described in paragraph (2).
(B)

Signature verification requirement described
In this subsection, a “signature verification requirement” is a requirement that an election official verify the identification of an individual by comparing the individual’s signature on the absentee ballot with the individual’s signature on the official list of registered voters in the State or another official record or other document used by the State to verify the signatures of voters.
(2)

Due process requirements
(A)

Notice and opportunity to cure discrepancy in signatures
If an individual submits an absentee ballot and the appropriate State or local election official determines that a discrepancy exists between the signature on such ballot and the signature of such individual on the official list of registered voters in the State or other official record or document used by the State to verify the signatures of voters, such election official, prior to making a final determination as to the validity of such ballot, shall—
(i)
make a good faith effort to immediately notify the individual by mail, telephone, and (if available) text message and electronic mail that—
(I)
a discrepancy exists between the signature on such ballot and the signature of the individual on the official list of registered voters in the State or other official record or document used by the State to verify the signatures of voters; and
(II)
if such discrepancy is not cured prior to the expiration of the 10-day period which begins on the date the official notifies the individual of the discrepancy, such ballot will not be counted; and
(ii)
cure such discrepancy and count the ballot if, prior to the expiration of the 10-day period described in clause (i)(II), the individual provides the official with information to cure such discrepancy, either in person, by telephone, or by electronic methods.
(B)

Notice and opportunity to cure missing signature or other defect
If an individual submits an absentee ballot without a signature or submits an absentee ballot with another defect which, if left uncured, would cause the ballot to not be counted, the appropriate State or local election official, prior to making a final determination as to the validity of the ballot, shall—
(i)
make a good faith effort to immediately notify the individual by mail, telephone, and (if available) text message and electronic mail that—
(I)
the ballot did not include a signature or has some other defect; and
(II)
if the individual does not provide the missing signature or cure the other defect prior to the expiration of the 10-day period which begins on the date the official notifies the individual that the ballot did not include a signature or has some other defect, such ballot will not be counted; and
(ii)
count the ballot if, prior to the expiration of the 10-day period described in clause (i)(II), the individual provides the official with the missing signature on a form proscribed by the State or cures the other defect.
This subparagraph does not apply with respect to a defect consisting of the failure of a ballot to meet the applicable deadline for the acceptance of the ballot, as described in subsection (e).
(C)

Other requirements
An election official may not make a determination that a discrepancy exists between the signature on an absentee ballot and the signature of the individual who submits the ballot on the official list of registered voters in the State or other official record or other document used by the State to verify the signatures of voters unless—
(i)
at least 2 election officials make the determination;
(ii)
each official who makes the determination has received training in procedures used to verify signatures; and
(iii)
of the officials who make the determination, at least one is affiliated with the political party whose candidate received the most votes in the most recent statewide election for Federal office held in the State and at least one is affiliated with the political party whose candidate received the second most votes in the most recent statewide election for Federal office held in the State.
(3)

Report
(A)

In general
Not later than 120 days after the end of a Federal election cycle, each chief State election official shall submit to the Commission a report containing the following information for the applicable Federal election cycle in the State:
(i)
The number of ballots invalidated due to a discrepancy under this subsection.
(ii)
Description of attempts to contact voters to provide notice as required by this subsection.
(iii)
Description of the cure process developed by such State pursuant to this subsection, including the number of ballots determined valid as a result of such process.
(B)

Submission to Congress
Not later than 10 days after receiving a report under subparagraph (A), the Commission shall transmit such report to Congress.
(C)

Federal election cycle defined
For purposes of this subsection, the term Federal election cycle means the period beginning on January 1 of any odd numbered year and ending on December 31 of the following year.
(4)

Rule of construction
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed—
(A)
to prohibit a State from rejecting a ballot attempted to be cast in an election for Federal office by an individual who is not eligible to vote in the election; or
(B)
to prohibit a State from providing an individual with more time and more methods for curing a discrepancy in the individual’s signature, providing a missing signature, or curing any other defect than the State is required to provide under this subsection.
(c)

Online applications for absentee ballots
(1)

In general
In addition to such other methods as the State may establish for an individual to apply for an absentee ballot, the State shall permit an individual to submit an application for an absentee ballot online.
(2)

Treatment of websites
The State shall be considered to meet the requirements of paragraph (1) if the website of the appropriate State or local election official allows an application for an absentee ballot to be completed and submitted online and if the website permits the individual—
(A)
to print the application so that the individual may complete the application and return it to the official; or
(B)
to request that a paper copy of the application be transmitted to the individual by mail or electronic mail so that the individual may complete the application and return it to the official.
(3)

Ensuring delivery prior to election
If an individual who is eligible to vote in an election for Federal office submits an application for an absentee ballot in the election, the appropriate State or local election official shall ensure that the ballot and relating voting materials are received by the individual prior to the date of the election so long as the individual's application is received by the official not later than 5 days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal public holidays) before the date of the election, except that nothing in this paragraph shall preclude a State or local jurisdiction from allowing for the acceptance and processing of absentee ballot applications submitted or received after such required period.
(4)

Application for all future elections
At the option of an individual, a State shall treat the individual's application to vote by absentee ballot by mail in an election for Federal office as an application for an absentee ballot by mail in all subsequent Federal elections held in the State.
(d)

Accessibility for individuals with disabilities
The State shall ensure that all absentee ballot applications, absentee ballots, and related voting materials in elections for Federal office are accessible to individuals with disabilities in a manner that provides the same opportunity for access and participation (including with privacy and independence) as for other voters.
(e)

Uniform deadline for acceptance of mailed ballots
(1)

In General
A State may not refuse to accept or process a ballot submitted by an individual by mail with respect to an election for Federal office in the State on the grounds that the individual did not meet a deadline for returning the ballot to the appropriate State or local election official if—
(A)
the ballot is postmarked or otherwise indicated by the United States Postal Service to have been mailed on or before the date of the election, or has been signed by the voter on or before the date of the election; and
(B)
the ballot is received by the appropriate election official prior to the expiration of the 10-day period which begins on the date of the election.
(2)

Rule of construction
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit a State from having a law that allows for counting of ballots in an election for Federal office that are received through the mail after the date that is 10 days after the date of the election.
(f)

Alternative methods of returning ballots
(1)

In general
In addition to permitting an individual to whom a ballot in an election was provided under this section to return the ballot to an election official by mail, the State shall permit the individual to cast the ballot by delivering the ballot at such times and to such locations as the State may establish, including—
(A)
permitting the individual to deliver the ballot to a polling place on any date on which voting in the election is held at the polling place; and
(B)
permitting the individual to deliver the ballot to a designated ballot drop-off location, a tribally-designated building, or the office of a State or local election official.
(2)

Permitting voters to designate other person to return ballot
The State—
(A)
shall permit a voter to designate any person to return a voted and sealed absentee ballot to the post office, a ballot drop-off location, tribally designated building, or election office so long as the person designated to return the ballot does not receive any form of compensation based on the number of ballots that the person has returned and no individual, group, or organization provides compensation on this basis; and
(B)
may not put any limit on how many voted and sealed absentee ballots any designated person can return to the post office, a ballot drop off location, tribally designated building, or election office.
(g)

Ballot processing and scanning requirements
(1)

In general
The State shall begin processing and scanning ballots cast by mail for tabulation at least 14 days prior to the date of the election involved.
(2)

Limitation
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to permit a State to tabulate ballots in an election before the closing of the polls on the date of the election.
(h)

Rule of construction
Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the authority of States to conduct elections for Federal office through the use of polling places at which individuals cast ballots.
(i)

No effect on ballots submitted by absent military and overseas voters
Nothing in this section may be construed to affect the treatment of any ballot submitted by an individual who is entitled to vote by absentee ballot under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.).
(j)

Effective date
This section shall apply with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2026 and each succeeding election for Federal office.”.
(b)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), section 201(d), section 202(c), section 203(a)(3), section 204(c), and section 801(c), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 310 and 311 as relating to sections 311 and 312, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after the item relating to section 309 the following new item:
“Sec. 310. Promoting ability of voters to vote by mail.”.
(c)

Development of alternative verification methods
(1)

Development of standards
The National Institute of Standards, in consultation with the Election Assistance Commission, shall develop standards for the use of alternative methods which could be used in place of signature verification requirements for purposes of verifying the identification of an individual voting by absentee ballot in elections for Federal office.
(2)

Public notice and comment
The National Institute of Standards shall solicit comments from the public in the development of standards under paragraph (1).
(3)

Deadline
Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the National Institute of Standards shall publish the standards developed under paragraph (1).
902.

Absentee ballot tracking program
(a)

Requirements
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), section 201(a), section 202(a), section 203(a)(1), section 204(a), section 801(a), and section 901(a), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating sections 311 and 312 as sections 312 and 313, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after section 310 the following new section:
“311.

Absentee ballot tracking program
(a)

Requirement
Each State shall carry out a program to track and confirm the receipt of absentee ballots in an election for Federal office under which the State or local election official responsible for the receipt of voted absentee ballots in the election carries out procedures to track and confirm the receipt of such ballots, and makes information on the receipt of such ballots available to the individual who cast the ballot, by means of online access using the Internet site of the official’s office.
(b)

Information on whether vote was accepted
The information referred to under subsection (a) with respect to the receipt of an absentee ballot shall include information regarding whether the vote cast on the ballot was accepted, and, in the case of a vote which was rejected, the reasons therefor.
(c)

Use of Toll-Free Telephone Number by Officials Without Internet Site
A program established by a State or local election official whose office does not have an Internet site may meet the requirements of subsection (a) if the official has established a toll-free telephone number that may be used by an individual who cast an absentee ballot to obtain the information on the receipt of the voted absentee ballot as provided under such subsection.
(d)

Effective date
This section shall apply with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2026 and each succeeding election for Federal office.”.
(b)

Reimbursement for costs incurred by States in establishing program
Subtitle D of title II of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 15401 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new part:
“7

Payments To Reimburse States for Costs Incurred in Establishing Program To Track and Confirm Receipt of Absentee Ballots
297.

Payments to States
(a)

Payments for Costs of Program
In accordance with this section, the Commission shall make a payment to a State to reimburse the State for the costs incurred in establishing the absentee ballot tracking program under section 311 (including costs incurred prior to the date of the enactment of this part).
(b)

Certification of Compliance and Costs
(1)

Certification required
In order to receive a payment under this section, a State shall submit to the Commission a statement containing—
(A)
a certification that the State has established an absentee ballot tracking program with respect to elections for Federal office held in the State; and
(B)
a statement of the costs incurred by the State in establishing the program.
(2)

Amount of payment
The amount of a payment made to a State under this section shall be equal to the costs incurred by the State in establishing the absentee ballot tracking program, as set forth in the statement submitted under paragraph (1), except that such amount may not exceed the product of—
(A)
the number of jurisdictions in the State which are responsible for operating the program; and
(B)
$3,000.
(3)

Limit on number of payments received
A State may not receive more than one payment under this part.
297A.

Authorization of Appropriations
(a)

Authorization
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission for fiscal year 2025 and each succeeding fiscal year such sums as may be necessary for payments under this part.
(b)

Continuing Availability of Funds
Any amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization under this section shall remain available until expended.”.
(c)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), section 201(d), section 202(c), section 203(a)(3), section 204(c), section 801(c), and section 901(b), is amended—
(1)
by adding at the end of the items relating to subtitle D of title II the following:
“Part 7—Payments To Reimburse States for Costs Incurred in Establishing Program To Track and Confirm Receipt of Absentee Ballots
Sec. 297. Payments to States.
Sec. 297A. Authorization of appropriations.”;
(2)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 311 and 312 as relating to sections 312 and 313, respectively; and
(3)
by inserting after the item relating to section 310 the following new item:
“Sec. 311. Absentee ballot tracking program.”.
903.

Election mail and delivery improvements
(a)

Postmark required for ballots
(1)

In general
Chapter 34 of title 39, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
“3407.

Postmark required for ballots
(a)

In general
In the case of any absentee ballot carried by the Postal Service, the Postal Service shall indicate on the ballot envelope, using a postmark or otherwise—
(1)
the fact that the ballot was carried by the Postal Service; and
(2)
the date on which the ballot was mailed.
(b)

Definitions
As used in this section—
(1)
the term absentee ballot means any ballot transmitted by a voter by mail in an election for Federal office, but does not include any ballot covered by section 3406; and
(2)
the term election for Federal office means a general, special, primary, or runoff election for the office of President or Vice President, or of Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress.”.
(2)

Technical and conforming amendment
The table of sections for chapter 34 of title 39, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
“3407. Postmark required for ballots.” .
(3)

Effective date
The amendments made by this subsection shall apply to absentee ballots relating to an election for Federal office occurring on or after January 1, 2025.
(b)

Greater visibility for ballots
(1)

In general
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), section 201(a), section 202(a), section 203(a)(1), section 204(a), section 801(a), section 901(a), and section 902(a), is amended—
(A)
by redesignating sections 312 and 313 as sections 313 and 314, respectively; and
(B)
by inserting after section 311 the following new section:
“312.

Ballot visibility
(a)

In general
Each State or local election official shall—
(1)
affix Tag 191, Domestic and International Mail-In Ballots (or any successor tag designated by the United States Postal Service), to any tray or sack of ballot mail relating to an election for Federal office that is destined for a domestic or international address;
(2)
use the Official Election Mail logo to designate mail pieces relating to an election for Federal office that is destined for a domestic or international address; and
(3)
if an intelligent mail barcode is utilized for any mail relating to an election for Federal office that is destined for a domestic or international address, ensure the specific ballot service type identifier for such mail is visible.
(b)

Effective date
The requirements of this section shall apply to elections for Federal office occurring on and after January 1, 2025.”.
(2)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), section 201(d), section 202(c), section 203(a)(3), section 204(c), section 801(c), section 901(b) and section 902(c), is amended—
(A)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 312 and 313 as relating to sections 313 and 314; and
(B)
by inserting after the item relating to section 311 the following new item:
“Sec. 312. Ballot visibility.”.
904.

Voting materials postage
(a)

Prepayment of postage on return envelopes
(1)

In general
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), section 201(a), section 202(a), section 203(a)(1), section 204(a), section 801(a), section 901(a), section 902(a), and section 903(b), is amended—
(A)
by redesignating sections 313 and 314 as sections 314 and 315, respectively; and
(B)
by inserting after section 312 the following new section:
“313.

Prepayment of postage on return envelopes for voting materials
(a)

Provision of return envelopes
(1)

In general
The appropriate State or local election official shall provide a self-sealing return envelope with—
(A)
any voter registration application form transmitted to a registrant by mail;
(B)
any application for an absentee ballot transmitted to an applicant by mail; and
(C)
any blank absentee ballot transmitted to a voter by mail.
(2)

Reasonable efforts
A State shall be treated as meeting the requirements of paragraph (1) if the State makes all reasonable efforts to provide self-sealing return envelopes as provided in such paragraph.
(b)

Prepayment of postage
Consistent with regulations of the United States Postal Service, the State or the unit of local government responsible for the administration of the election involved shall prepay the postage on any envelope provided under subsection (a).
(c)

No effect on ballots or balloting materials transmitted to absent military and overseas voters
Nothing in this section may be construed to affect the treatment of any ballot or balloting materials transmitted to an individual who is entitled to vote by absentee ballot under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.).
(d)

Effective date
This section shall take effect on the date that is 90 days after the date of the enactment of this section, except that State and local jurisdictions shall make arrangements with the United States Postal Service to pay for all postage costs that such jurisdictions would be required to pay under this section if this section took effect on the date of enactment.”.
(2)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), section 201(d), section 202(c), section 203(a)(3), section 204(c), section 801(c), section 901(b), section 902(c), and section 903(b), is amended—
(A)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 313 and 314 as relating to sections 314 and 315, respectively; and
(B)
by inserting after the item relating to section 312 the following new item:
“Sec. 313. Prepayment of postage on return envelopes for voting materials.”.
(b)

Role of United States Postal Service
(1)

In general
Chapter 34 of title 39, United States Code, as amended by section 903(a), is amended by inserting after section 3407 the following:
“3408.

Carriage of voting materials
(a)

Treatment as first-Class mail
Any voter registration application, absentee ballot application, or absentee ballot with respect to any election for Federal office shall be carried in accordance with the service standards established for first-class mail, regardless of the class of postage prepaid.
(b)

Definitions
As used in this section, the terms absentee ballot and election for Federal office have the meanings given those terms in section 3407.
(c)

Rule of construction
Nothing in this section may be construed to affect the treatment of any ballot or balloting materials transmitted to an individual who is entitled to vote by absentee ballot under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.).”.
(2)

Clerical amendment
The table of sections for chapter 34 of such title, as amended by section 903(a), is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 3407 the following:
“3408. Carriage of voting materials.” .
X

Absent Uniformed Services Voters and Overseas Voters
1001.

Pre-election reports on availability and transmission of absentee ballots
Section 102(c) of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20302(c)) is amended to read as follows:
“(c)

Reports on Availability, transmission, and receipt of absentee ballots
(1)

Pre-election report on absentee ballot availability
Not later than 55 days before any regularly scheduled general election for Federal office, each State shall submit a report to the Attorney General, the Election Assistance Commission (hereafter in this subsection referred to as the “Commission”), and the Presidential Designee, and make that report publicly available that same day, certifying that absentee ballots for the election are or will be available for transmission to absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters by not later than 45 days before the election. The report shall be in a form prescribed jointly by the Attorney General and the Commission and shall require the State to certify specific information about ballot availability from each unit of local government which will administer the election.
(2)

Pre-election report on absentee ballot transmission
Not later than 43 days before any regularly scheduled general election for Federal office, each State shall submit a report to the Attorney General, the Commission, and the Presidential Designee, and make that report publicly available that same day, certifying whether all absentee ballots have been transmitted by not later than 45 days before the election to all qualified absent uniformed services and overseas voters whose requests were received at least 45 days before the election. The report shall be in a form prescribed jointly by the Attorney General and the Commission, and shall require the State to certify specific information about ballot transmission, including the total numbers of ballot requests received and ballots transmitted, from each unit of local government which will administer the election.
(3)

Post-election report on number of absentee ballots transmitted and received
Not later than 90 days after the date of each regularly scheduled general election for Federal office, each State and unit of local government which administered the election shall (through the State, in the case of a unit of local government) submit a report to the Attorney General, the Commission, and the Presidential Designee on the combined number of absentee ballots transmitted to absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters for the election and the combined number of such ballots which were returned by such voters and cast in the election, and shall make such report available to the general public that same day.”.
1002.

Enforcement
(a)

Availability of civil penalties and private rights of action
Section 105 of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20307) is amended to read as follows:
“105.

Enforcement
(a)

Action by Attorney General
(1)

In general
The Attorney General may bring civil action in an appropriate district court for such declaratory or injunctive relief as may be necessary to carry out this title.
(2)

Penalty
In a civil action brought under paragraph (1), if the court finds that the State violated any provision of this title, it may, to vindicate the public interest, assess a civil penalty against the State—
(A)
in an amount not to exceed $110,000 for each such violation, in the case of a first violation; or
(B)
in an amount not to exceed $220,000 for each such violation, for any subsequent violation.
(3)

Report to Congress
Not later than December 31 of each year, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress an annual report on any civil action brought under paragraph (1) during the preceding year.
(b)

Private right of action
A person who is aggrieved by a State's violation of this title may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court for such declaratory or injunctive relief as may be necessary to carry out this title.
(c)

State as only necessary defendant
In any action brought under this section, the only necessary party defendant is the State, and it shall not be a defense to any such action that a local election official or a unit of local government is not named as a defendant, notwithstanding that a State has exercised the authority described in section 576 of the Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act to delegate to another jurisdiction in the State any duty or responsibility which is the subject of an action brought under this section.”.
(b)

Effective date
The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to violations alleged to have occurred on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
1003.

Revisions to 45-day absentee ballot transmission rule
(a)

Repeal of waiver authority
(1)

In general
Section 102 of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20302) is amended by striking subsection (g).
(2)

Conforming amendment
Section 102(a)(8)(A) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20302(a)(8)(A)) is amended by striking “except as provided in subsection (g),”.
(b)

Requiring use of express delivery in case of failure To meet requirement
Section 102 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20302), as amended by subsection (a), is amended by inserting after subsection (f) the following new subsection:
“(g)

Requiring use of express delivery in case of failure To transmit ballots within deadlines
(1)

Transmission of ballot by express delivery
If a State fails to meet the requirement of subsection (a)(8)(A) to transmit a validly requested absentee ballot to an absent uniformed services voter or overseas voter not later than 45 days before the election (in the case in which the request is received at least 45 days before the election)—
(A)
the State shall transmit the ballot to the voter by express delivery; or
(B)
in the case of a voter who has designated that absentee ballots be transmitted electronically in accordance with subsection (f)(1), the State shall transmit the ballot to the voter electronically.
(2)

Special rule for transmission fewer than 40 days before the election
If, in carrying out paragraph (1), a State transmits an absentee ballot to an absent uniformed services voter or overseas voter fewer than 40 days before the election, the State shall enable the ballot to be returned by the voter by express delivery, except that in the case of an absentee ballot of an absent uniformed services voter for a regularly scheduled general election for Federal office, the State may satisfy the requirement of this paragraph by notifying the voter of the procedures for the collection and delivery of such ballots under section 103A.
(3)

Payment for use of express delivery
The State shall be responsible for the payment of the costs associated with the use of express delivery for the transmittal of ballots under this subsection.”.
(c)

Clarification of treatment of weekends
Section 102(a)(8)(A) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20302(a)(8)(A)) is amended by striking “the election;” and inserting the following: “the election (or, if the 45th day preceding the election is a weekend or legal public holiday, not later than the most recent weekday which precedes such 45th day and which is not a legal public holiday, but only if the request is received by at least such most recent weekday);”.
1004.

Use of single absentee ballot application for subsequent elections
(a)

In general
Section 104 of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20306) is amended to read as follows:
“104.

Use of single application for subsequent elections
(a)

In general
If a State accepts and processes an official post card form (prescribed under section 101) submitted by an absent uniformed services voter or overseas voter for simultaneous voter registration and absentee ballot application (in accordance with section 102(a)(4)) and the voter requests that the application be considered an application for an absentee ballot for each subsequent election for Federal office held in the State through the next regularly scheduled general election for Federal office (including any runoff elections which may occur as a result of the outcome of such general election), the State shall provide an absentee ballot to the voter for each such subsequent election.
(b)

Exception for voters changing registration
Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to a voter registered to vote in a State for any election held after the voter notifies the State that the voter no longer wishes to be registered to vote in the State or after the State determines that the voter has registered to vote in another State or is otherwise no longer eligible to vote in the State.
(c)

Prohibition of refusal of application on grounds of early submission
A State may not refuse to accept or to process, with respect to any election for Federal office, any otherwise valid voter registration application or absentee ballot application (including the postcard form prescribed under section 101) submitted by an absent uniformed services voter or overseas voter on the grounds that the voter submitted the application before the first date on which the State otherwise accepts or processes such applications for that election which are submitted by absentee voters who are not members of the uniformed services or overseas citizens.”.
(b)

Effective date
The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to voter registration and absentee ballot applications which are submitted to a State or local election official on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
1005.

Extending guarantee of residency for voting purposes to family members of absent military personnel
Section 102 of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20302) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
“(j)

Guarantee of residency for spouses and dependents of absent members of uniformed service
For the purposes of voting for in any election for any Federal office or any State or local office, a spouse or dependent of an individual who is an absent uniformed services voter described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 107(1) shall not, solely by reason of that individual’s absence and without regard to whether or not such spouse or dependent is accompanying that individual—
(1)
be deemed to have lost a residence or domicile in that State, without regard to whether or not that individual intends to return to that State;
(2)
be deemed to have acquired a residence or domicile in any other State; or
(3)
be deemed to have become a resident in or a resident of any other State.”.
1006.

Requiring transmission of blank absentee ballots under UOCAVA to certain voters
(a)

In general
The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 103B the following new section:
“103C.

Transmission of blank absentee ballots to certain other voters
(a)

In general
(1)

State responsibilities
Subject to the provisions of this section, each State shall transmit blank absentee ballots electronically to qualified individuals who request such ballots in the same manner and under the same terms and conditions under which the State transmits such ballots electronically to absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters under the provisions of section 102(f), except that no such marked ballots shall be returned electronically.
(2)

Requirements
Any blank absentee ballot transmitted to a qualified individual under this section—
(A)
must comply with the language requirements under section 203 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10503); and
(B)
must comply with the disability requirements under section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794d).
(3)

Affirmation
The State may not transmit a ballot to a qualified individual under this section unless the individual provides the State with a signed affirmation in electronic form that—
(A)
the individual is a qualified individual (as defined in subsection (b));
(B)
the individual has not and will not cast another ballot with respect to the election; and
(C)
acknowledges that a material misstatement of fact in completing the ballot may constitute grounds for conviction of perjury.
(4)

Clarification regarding free postage
An absentee ballot obtained by a qualified individual under this section shall be considered balloting materials as defined in section 107 for purposes of section 3406 of title 39, United States Code.
(5)

Prohibiting refusal to accept ballot for failure to meet certain requirements
A State shall not refuse to accept and process any otherwise valid blank absentee ballot which was transmitted to a qualified individual under this section and used by the individual to vote in the election solely on the basis of the following:
(A)
Notarization or witness signature requirements.
(B)
Restrictions on paper type, including weight and size.
(C)
Restrictions on envelope type, including weight and size.
(b)

Qualified individual
(1)

In general
In this section, except as provided in paragraph (2), the term qualified individual means any individual who is otherwise qualified to vote in an election for Federal office and who meets any of the following requirements:
(A)
The individual—
(i)
has previously requested an absentee ballot from the State or jurisdiction in which such individual is registered to vote; and
(ii)
has not received such absentee ballot at least 2 days before the date of the election.
(B)
The individual—
(i)
resides in an area of a State with respect to which an emergency or public health emergency has been declared by the chief executive of the State or of the area involved within 5 days of the date of the election under the laws of the State due to reasons including a natural disaster, including severe weather, or an infectious disease; and
(ii)
has not previously requested an absentee ballot.
(C)
The individual expects to be absent from such individual’s jurisdiction on the date of the election due to professional or volunteer service in response to a natural disaster or emergency as described in subparagraph (B).
(D)
The individual is hospitalized or expects to be hospitalized on the date of the election.
(E)
The individual is an individual with a disability (as defined in section 3 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102)) and resides in a State which does not offer voters the ability to use secure and accessible remote ballot marking. For purposes of this subparagraph, a State shall permit an individual to self-certify that the individual is an individual with a disability.
(2)

Exclusion of absent uniformed services and overseas voters
The term qualified individual shall not include an absent uniformed services voter or an overseas voter.
(c)

State
For purposes of this section, the term State includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
(d)

Effective date
This section shall apply with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2022 and each succeeding election for Federal office.”.
(b)

Conforming amendment
Section 102(a) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20302(a)) is amended—
(1)
by striking “and” at the end of paragraph (10);
(2)
by striking the period at the end of paragraph (11) and inserting “; and”; and
(3)
by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
“(12)
meet the requirements of section 103C with respect to the provision of blank absentee ballots for the use of qualified individuals described in such section.”.
(c)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act is amended by inserting the following after section 103:
“Sec. 103A. Procedures for collection and delivery of marked absentee ballots of absent overseas uniformed services voters.
Sec. 103B. Federal voting assistance program improvements.
Sec. 103C. Transmission of blank absentee ballots to certain other voters.” .
1007.

Effective date
Except as provided in section 1002(b) and section 1004(b), the amendments made by this title shall apply with respect to elections occurring on or after January 1, 2025.
XI

Poll Worker Recruitment and Training
1101.

Grants to States for poll worker recruitment and training
(a)

Grants by Election Assistance Commission
(1)

In general
The Election Assistance Commission (hereafter referred to as the “Commission”) shall, subject to the availability of appropriations provided to carry out this section, make a grant to each eligible State for recruiting and training individuals to serve as poll workers on dates of elections for public office.
(2)

Use of Commission materials
In carrying out activities with a grant provided under this section, the recipient of the grant shall use the manual prepared by the Commission on successful practices for poll worker recruiting, training, and retention as an interactive training tool, and shall develop training programs with the participation and input of experts in adult learning.
(3)

Access and cultural considerations
The Commission shall ensure that the manual described in paragraph (2) provides training in methods that will enable poll workers to provide access and delivery of services in a culturally competent manner to all voters who use their services, including those with limited English proficiency, diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds, disabilities, and regardless of gender, sexual orientation, or gender identity. These methods must ensure that each voter will have access to poll worker services that are delivered in a manner that meets the unique needs of the voter.
(b)

Requirements for Eligibility
(1)

Application
Each State that desires to receive a payment under this section shall submit an application for the payment to the Commission at such time and in such manner and containing such information as the Commission shall require.
(2)

Contents of Application
Each application submitted under paragraph (1) shall—
(A)
describe the activities for which assistance under this section is sought;
(B)
provide assurances that the funds provided under this section will be used to supplement and not supplant other funds used to carry out the activities;
(C)
provide assurances that the State will furnish the Commission with information on the number of individuals who served as poll workers after recruitment and training with the funds provided under this section; and
(D)
provide such additional information and certifications as the Commission determines to be essential to ensure compliance with the requirements of this section.
(c)

Amount of Grant
(1)

In general
The amount of a grant made to a State under this section shall be equal to the product of—
(A)
the aggregate amount made available for grants to States under this section; and
(B)
the voting age population percentage for the State.
(2)

Voting age population percentage defined
In paragraph (1), the “voting age population percentage” for a State is the quotient of—
(A)
the voting age population of the State (as determined on the basis of the most recent information available from the Bureau of the Census); and
(B)
the total voting age population of all States (as determined on the basis of the most recent information available from the Bureau of the Census).
(d)

Reports to Congress
(1)

Reports by recipients of grants
Not later than 6 months after the date on which the final grant is made under this section, each recipient of a grant shall submit a report to the Commission on the activities conducted with the funds provided by the grant.
(2)

Reports by Commission
Not later than 1 year after the date on which the final grant is made under this section, the Commission shall submit a report to Congress on the grants made under this section and the activities carried out by recipients with the grants, and shall include in the report such recommendations as the Commission considers appropriate.
(e)

Funding
(1)

Continuing availability of amount appropriated
Any amount appropriated to carry out this section shall remain available without fiscal year limitation until expended.
(2)

Administrative expenses
Of the amount appropriated for any fiscal year to carry out this section, not more than 3 percent shall be available for administrative expenses of the Commission.
1102.

State defined
In this title, the term State includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
XII

Enhancement of Enforcement
1201.

Enhancement of enforcement of Help America Vote Act of 2002
(a)

Complaints; availability of private right of action
Section 401 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21111) is amended—
(1)
by striking “The Attorney General” and inserting “(a) In General.—The Attorney General”; and
(2)
by adding at the end the following new subsections:
“(b)

Filing of Complaints by Aggrieved Persons
(1)

In general
A person who is aggrieved by a violation of title III which has occurred, is occurring, or is about to occur may file a written, signed, notarized complaint with the Attorney General describing the violation and requesting the Attorney General to take appropriate action under this section. The Attorney General shall immediately provide a copy of a complaint filed under the previous sentence to the entity responsible for administering the State-based administrative complaint procedures described in section 402(a) for the State involved.
(2)

Response by Attorney General
The Attorney General shall respond to each complaint filed under paragraph (1), in accordance with procedures established by the Attorney General that require responses and determinations to be made within the same (or shorter) deadlines which apply to a State under the State-based administrative complaint procedures described in section 402(a)(2). The Attorney General shall immediately provide a copy of the response made under the previous sentence to the entity responsible for administering the State-based administrative complaint procedures described in section 402(a) for the State involved.
(c)

Availability of private right of action
Any person who is authorized to file a complaint under subsection (b)(1) (including any individual who seeks to enforce the individual’s right to a voter-verified paper ballot, the right to have the voter-verified paper ballot counted in accordance with this Act, or any other right under title III) may file an action under section 1979 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (42 U.S.C. 1983) to enforce the uniform and nondiscriminatory election technology and administration requirements under subtitle A of title III.
(d)

No effect on State procedures
Nothing in this section may be construed to affect the availability of the State-based administrative complaint procedures required under section 402 to any person filing a complaint under this subsection.”.
(b)

Effective date
The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to violations occurring with respect to elections for Federal office held in 2025 or any succeeding year.
XIII

Federal Election Integrity
1301.

Prohibition on campaign activities by chief State election administration officials
(a)

In General
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 319 the following new section:
“319A.

Campaign activities by chief State election administration officials
(a)

Prohibition
It shall be unlawful for a chief State election administration official to take an active part in political management or in a political campaign with respect to any election for Federal office over which such official has supervisory authority.
(b)

Chief State election administration official
The term chief State election administration official means the highest State official with responsibility for the administration of Federal elections under State law.
(c)

Active part in political management or in a political campaign
The term active part in political management or in a political campaign means—
(1)
holding any position (including any unpaid or honorary position) with an authorized committee of a candidate, or participating in any decision-making of an authorized committee of a candidate;
(2)
the use of official authority or influence for the purpose of interfering with or affecting the result of an election for Federal office;
(3)
the solicitation, acceptance, or receipt of a contribution from any person on behalf of a candidate for Federal office; and
(4)
any other act which would be prohibited under paragraph (2) or (3) of section 7323(b) of title 5, United States Code, if taken by an individual to whom such paragraph applies (other than any prohibition on running for public office).
(d)

Exception in case of recusal from administration of elections involving official or immediate family member
(1)

In general
This section does not apply to a chief State election administration official with respect to an election for Federal office in which the official or an immediate family member of the official is a candidate, but only if—
(A)
such official recuses himself or herself from all of the official’s responsibilities for the administration of such election; and
(B)
the official who assumes responsibility for supervising the administration of the election does not report directly to such official.
(2)

Immediate family member defined
In paragraph (1), the term immediate family member means, with respect to a candidate, a father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, husband, wife, father-in-law, or mother-in-law.”.
(b)

Effective Date
The amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to elections for Federal office held after December 2024.
XIV

Promoting Voter Access Through Election Administration Improvements
A

Promoting Voter Access
1401.

Treatment of institutions of higher education
(a)

Treatment of certain institutions as voter registration agencies under national voter registration act of 1993
Section 7(a) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20506(a)) is amended—
(1)
in paragraph (2)—
(A)
by striking “and” at the end of subparagraph (A);
(B)
by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (B) and inserting “; and”; and
(C)
by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
“(C)
each institution of higher education which has a program participation agreement in effect with the Secretary of Education under section 487 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094), other than an institution which is treated as a contributing agency under section 113 of the Automatic Voter Registration Act of 2021.”; and
(2)
in paragraph (6)(A), by inserting “or, in the case of an institution of higher education, upon initial enrollment of a student,” after “assistance,”.
(b)

Responsibilities of institutions under higher education act of 1965
Section 487(a)(23) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094(a)(23)) is amended to read as follows:
“(23)
(A)
The institution will make every reasonable effort to—
(i)
distribute voter registration applications for elections for Federal office using a form that meets the requirements of section 9(b) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20508), which may include sharing a direct, guided link to such application, to each student enrolled at the institution who has not been automatically registered to vote by the institution in accordance with section 113 of the Voter Empowerment Act of 2024, including students who do not qualify as an in-State student as defined in section 113(f)(2) of the Voter Empowerment Act of 2024;
(ii)
provide clear guidance that each student enrolled at the institution should—
(I)
register in the State in which the student is eligible to vote in the next election if registration is required, which may include informing students from another State of the ability to vote in the State of the institution in which the students are enrolled and physically in attendance, in accordance with applicable State law; and
(II)
in the case of a student who has already registered to vote in a State described in subclause (I), update the student’s existing voter registration if the student’s address has changed recently or since the last election in which the student was eligible to vote;
(iii)
periodically share credible, nonpartisan resources (to be identified in consultation with the Election Assistance Commission) to help students determine where and how they are eligible to vote, which may include resources from State and local election officials on voter registration and voting requirements, including voter registration deadlines, residency requirements, voter identification requirements, and absentee voting options, as applicable; and
(iv)
in distributing voting materials (as defined in section 203(b)(3) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10503(b)(3))) that are produced by a covered State or political subdivision described in subsection 203(b)(2) of such Act, ensure to the greatest extent practicable that—
(I)
such voting materials are provided in accordance with section 203 of that Act (52 U.S.C. 10503); and
(II)
all materials and information made available electronically under this paragraph—
- (aa)
are accessible to individuals with disabilities; and
- (bb)
are compliant with the most recent Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, or successor guidelines.
(B)
An institution shall be considered to have satisfied the requirements of clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of subparagraph (A) if—
(i)
with respect to each student enrolled in the institution who is not exclusively enrolled in distance education at the institution and who has not already been registered to vote by the institution in accordance with section 113 of the Voter Empowerment Act of 2024, including students who do not qualify as an in-State student as defined in section 113(f)(2) of such Act—
(I)
the institution, not less than 30 days in advance of the deadline for registering to vote within the State for the next scheduled statewide Federal or State primary election and not less than 30 days in advance of the deadline for registering to vote within the State for the next scheduled statewide Federal or State general election—
- (aa)
distributes voter registration applications to such students; or
- (bb)
electronically transmits a message to each such student that is devoted exclusively to voter registration and contains a voter registration application acceptable for use in the State in which the institution is located, or an internet address where such voter registration application can be accessed or downloaded;
(II)
during a period that an institution requires or encourages such students to remain off-campus due to a national, State, or local public health or other emergency for an extended period of time, resulting in a significant disruption to such students’ ability to vote in person, as applicable, the institution additionally—
- (aa)
requests that the State provide the institution with absentee ballot applications, as applicable, or that the State share the official State website or online portal through which eligible voters can directly request an absentee ballot;
- (bb)
distributes to each such student an absentee ballot application requested from the State under item (aa) or the official State website or online portal through which eligible voters can directly request an absentee ballot, with instructions that the form, website, or online portal should be used only by students eligible to vote in the State;
- (cc)
notifies such students of—
(AA)
applicable deadlines for requesting and submitting an absentee ballot; and
(BB)
additional options for early and in-person voting and voting on Election Day, as applicable; and
- (dd)
shares credible, nonpartisan resources (to be identified in consultation with the Election Assistance Commission) to help students who are registered in another State to apply for absentee ballots in such State, which may include resources from State and local election officials; and
(III)
the institution ensures that an appropriate staff person or office has been designated as a Campus Vote Coordinator, who shall—
- (aa)
ensure compliance in accordance with this paragraph at the institution;
- (bb)
be publicly designated as the Campus Vote Coordinator, including the Campus Vote Coordinator’s contact information, on the website of the institution; and
- (cc)
upon request, provide to students residency requirements for voting, including the ability of students from other States to vote in the State of the institution in which they are enrolled and physically in attendance, in accordance with applicable State law; and
(ii)
with respect to each student enrolled exclusively in distance education or correspondence programs, the institution—
(I)
- (aa)
transmits a message devoted exclusively to voter registration that refers such students to a centralized voter registration website or platform by providing the Internet address or other method to access such website or platform, that—
(AA)
provides applicable voter registration application and voting information for all States; and
(BB)
is hosted by a website operated by the Federal, State or local government;
- (bb)
transmits such message not less than twice in each calendar year; and
- (cc)
maintains information on the institution’s website containing credible, nonpartisan resources to help students determine where and how they are eligible to vote, or a link to such resources; or
(II)
provides information to such students in the same manner as the institution provides information to students not enrolled exclusively in distance education under clause (i)(I).
(C)
The institution will substantially comply with the requirements that apply to the institution under section 7 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20506) or section 113 of the Automatic Voter Registration Act of 2024, as the case may be.
(D)
In this paragraph—
(i)
the term voter registration application means the mail voter registration application form for elections for Federal office prescribed pursuant to section 9 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20508);
(ii)
the term absentee ballot means any ballot cast by any means other than in person and for which the State requires an application;
(iii)
the term distance education has the meaning given the term in section 103, except such term shall not include distance education that is provided due to a decision of an institution to require or encourage students of the institution to remain off-campus due to a national, State, or local public health or other emergency; and
(iv)
the term Federal office has the meaning given in section 301(3) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(3)).”.
(c)

Grants to institutions demonstrating excellence in student voter registration
(1)

Grants authorized
The Secretary of Education may award competitive grants to public and private nonprofit institutions of higher education that are subject to the requirements of section 487(a)(23) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094(a)(23)), as amended by subsection (b), and that the Secretary determines have demonstrated excellence in registering students to vote in elections for public office beyond meeting the minimum requirements of such section.
(2)

Eligibility
An institution of higher education is eligible to receive a grant under this subsection if the institution submits to the Secretary of Education, at such time and in such form as the Secretary may require, an application containing such information and assurances as the Secretary may require to make the determination described in paragraph (1), including information and assurances that the institution carried out activities to promote voter registration by students, such as the following:
(A)
Sponsoring large on-campus voter mobilization efforts.
(B)
Engaging the surrounding community in nonpartisan voter registration and get out the vote efforts.
(C)
Creating a website for students with centralized information about voter registration and election dates.
(D)
Inviting candidates to speak on campus.
(E)
Offering rides to students to the polls to increase voter education, registration, and mobilization.
(3)

Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2025 and each succeeding fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to award grants under this subsection.
(d)

Sense of Congress relating to option of students To register in jurisdiction of institution of higher education or jurisdiction of domicile
It is the sense of Congress that, as provided under existing law, students who attend an institution of higher education and reside in the jurisdiction of the institution while attending the institution should have the option of registering to vote in elections for Federal office in that jurisdiction or in the jurisdiction of their own domicile.
1402.

Minimum notification requirements for voters affected by polling place changes
(a)

Requirements
Section 302 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082), as amended by section 701(a), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
(2)
by inserting after subsection (e) the following new subsection:
“(f)

Minimum notification requirements for voters affected by polling place changes
(1)

In general
If a State assigns an individual who is a registered voter in a State to a polling place with respect to an election for Federal office which is not the same polling place to which the individual was previously assigned with respect to the most recent election for Federal office in the State in which the individual was eligible to vote—
(A)
the State shall notify the individual of the location of the polling place not later than 7 days before the date of the election or the first day of an early voting period (whichever occurs first); or
(B)
if the State makes such an assignment fewer than 7 days before the date of the election and the individual appears on the date of the election at the polling place to which the individual was previously assigned, the State shall make every reasonable effort to enable the individual to vote on the date of the election.
(2)

Methods of notification
The State shall notify an individual under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) by mail, telephone, and (if available) text message and electronic mail.
(3)

Placement of signs at closed polling places
If a location which served as a polling place in an election for Federal office does not serve as a polling place in the next election for Federal office held in the jurisdiction involved, the State shall ensure that signs are posted at such location on the date of the election and during any early voting period for the election containing the following information:
(A)
A statement that the location is not serving as a polling place in the election.
(B)
The locations serving as polling places in the election in the jurisdiction involved.
(C)
Contact information, including a telephone number and website, for the appropriate State or local election official through which an individual may find the polling place to which the individual is assigned for the election.
(4)

Effective date
This subsection shall apply with respect to elections held on or after January 1, 2025.”.
(b)

Conforming amendment
Section 302(g) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21082(g)), as redesignated by subsection (a) and as amended by section 701(b), is amended by striking “(d)(2) and (e)(2)” and inserting “(d)(2), (e)(2), and (f)(4)”.
1403.

Permitting use of sworn written statement to meet identification requirements for voting
(a)

Permitting use of statement
Title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 303 the following new section:
“303A.

Permitting use of sworn written statement or student identification card to meet identification requirements
(a)

Use of statement or student identification card
(1)

In general
Except as provided in subsection (c), if a State has in effect any requirement that an individual present identification as a condition of receiving and casting a ballot in an election for Federal office, the State shall permit the individual to meet the requirement—
(A)
in the case of an individual who desires to vote in person, by presenting the appropriate State or local election official with—
(i)
a sworn written statement, signed by the individual under penalty of perjury, attesting to the individual’s identity and attesting that the individual is eligible to vote in the election; or
(ii)
if such individual is a student enrolled at an institution of higher education (as defined under section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002)), a student identification card assigned to the individual from an institution of higher education; or
(B)
in the case of an individual who desires to vote by mail, by submitting with the ballot—
(i)
the statement described in subparagraph (A)(i); or
(ii)
if such individual is a student enrolled at an institution of higher education (as so defined), a copy of the student identification card described in subparagraph (A)(ii).
(2)

Development of pre-printed version of statement by Commission
The Commission shall develop a pre-printed version of the statement described in paragraph (1)(A)(i) which includes a blank space for an individual to provide a name and signature for use by election officials in States which are subject to paragraph (1).
(3)

Providing pre-printed copy of statement
A State which is subject to paragraph (1) shall—
(A)
make copies of the pre-printed version of the statement described in paragraph (1)(A)(i) which is prepared by the Commission available at polling places for election officials to distribute to individuals who desire to vote in person; and
(B)
include a copy of such pre-printed version of the statement with each blank absentee or other ballot transmitted to an individual who desires to vote by mail.
(b)

Requiring use of ballot in same manner as individuals presenting identification
An individual who presents or submits a sworn written statement or presents a student identification card in accordance with subsection (a)(1) shall be permitted to cast a ballot in the election in the same manner as an individual who presents identification.
(c)

Exception for first-Time voters registering by mail
Subsections (a) and (b) do not apply with respect to any individual described in paragraph (1) of section 303(b) who is required to meet the requirements of paragraph (2) of such section.”.
(b)

Requiring States To include information on use of sworn written statement and student identification card in voting information material posted at polling places
Section 302(b)(2) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21082(b)(2)), as amended by section 172(b) and section 302(b), is amended—
(1)
by striking “and” at the end of subparagraph (G);
(2)
by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (H) and inserting “; and”; and
(3)
by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
“(I)
in the case of a State that has in effect any requirement that an individual present identification as a condition of receiving and casting a ballot in an election for Federal office, information on how an individual may meet such requirement by presenting a sworn written statement or student identification card in accordance with section 303A.”.
(c)

Clerical amendment
The table of contents of such Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 303 the following new item:
“Sec. 303A. Permitting use of sworn written statement or student identification card to meet identification requirements.”.
(d)

Effective date
The amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to elections occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
1404.

Accommodations for voters residing in Indian lands
(a)

Accommodations Described
(1)

Designation of ballot pickup and collection locations
Given the widespread lack of residential mail delivery in Indian Country, an Indian Tribe may designate buildings as ballot pickup and collection locations with respect to an election for Federal office at no cost to the Indian Tribe. An Indian Tribe may designate one building per precinct located within Indian lands. The applicable State or political subdivision shall collect ballots from those locations. The applicable State or political subdivision shall provide the Indian Tribe with accurate precinct maps for all precincts located within Indian lands 60 days before the election.
(2)

Provision of mail-in and absentee ballots
The State or political subdivision shall provide mail-in and absentee ballots with respect to an election for Federal office to each individual who is registered to vote in the election who resides on Indian lands in the State or political subdivision involved without requiring a residential address or a mail-in or absentee ballot request.
(3)

Use of designated building as residential and mailing address
The address of a designated building that is a ballot pickup and collection location with respect to an election for Federal office may serve as the residential address and mailing address for voters living on Indian lands if the tribally designated building is in the same precinct as that voter. If there is no tribally designated building within a voter’s precinct, the voter may use another tribally designated building within the Indian lands where the voter is located. Voters using a tribally designated building outside of the voter’s precinct may use the tribally designated building as a mailing address and may separately designate the voter’s appropriate precinct through a description of the voter’s address, as specified in section 9428.4(a)(2) of title 11, Code of Federal Regulations.
(4)

Language accessibility
In the case of a State or political subdivision that is a covered State or political subdivision under section 203 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10503), that State or political subdivision shall provide absentee or mail-in voting materials with respect to an election for Federal office in the language of the applicable minority group as well as in the English language, bilingual election voting assistance, and written translations of all voting materials in the language of the applicable minority group, as required by section 203 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10503), as amended by subsection (b).
(5)

Clarification
Nothing in this section alters the ability of an individual voter residing on Indian lands to request a ballot in a manner available to all other voters in the State.
(6)

Definitions
In this section:
(A)

Election for Federal office
The term election for Federal office means a general, special, primary or runoff election for the office of President or Vice President, or of Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress.
(B)

Indian
The term Indian has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
(C)

Indian lands
The term Indian lands includes—
(i)
any Indian country of an Indian Tribe, as defined under section 1151 of title 18, United States Code;
(ii)
any land in Alaska owned, pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), by an Indian Tribe that is a Native village (as defined in section 3 of that Act (43 U.S.C. 1602)) or by a Village Corporation that is associated with an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 3 of that Act (43 U.S.C. 1602));
(iii)
any land on which the seat of the Tribal Government is located; and
(iv)
any land that is part or all of a Tribal designated statistical area associated with an Indian Tribe, or is part or all of an Alaska Native village statistical area associated with an Indian Tribe, as defined by the Census Bureau for the purposes of the most recent decennial census.
(D)

Indian tribe
The term Indian Tribe has the meaning given the term Indian tribe in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
(E)

Tribal government
The term Tribal Government means the recognized governing body of an Indian Tribe.
(7)

Enforcement
(A)

Attorney general
The Attorney General may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court for such declaratory or injunctive relief as is necessary to carry out this subsection.
(B)

Private right of action
(i)
A person or Tribal Government who is aggrieved by a violation of this subsection may provide written notice of the violation to the chief election official of the State involved.
(ii)
An aggrieved person or Tribal Government may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court for declaratory or injunctive relief with respect to a violation of this subsection, if—
(I)
that person or Tribal Government provides the notice described in clause (i); and
(II)
- (aa)
in the case of a violation that occurs more than 120 days before the date of an election for Federal office, the violation remains and 90 days or more have passed since the date on which the chief election official of the State receives the notice under clause (i); or
- (bb)
in the case of a violation that occurs 120 days or less before the date of an election for Federal office, the violation remains and 20 days or more have passed since the date on which the chief election official of the State receives the notice under clause (i).
(iii)
In the case of a violation of this section that occurs 30 days or less before the date of an election for Federal office, an aggrieved person or Tribal Government may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court for declaratory or injunctive relief with respect to the violation without providing notice to the chief election official of the State under clause (i).
(b)

Bilingual election requirements
Section 203 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10503) is amended—
(1)
in subsection (b)(3)(C)), by striking “1990” and inserting “2020”; and
(2)
by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
“(c)

Provision of voting materials in the language of a minority group
(1)

In General
Whenever any State or political subdivision subject to the prohibition of subsection (b) of this section provides any registration or voting notices, forms, instructions, assistance, or other materials or information relating to the electoral process, including ballots, it shall provide them in the language of the applicable minority group as well as in the English language.
(2)

Exceptions
(A)
In the case of a minority group that is not American Indian or Alaska Native and the language of that minority group is oral or unwritten, the State or political subdivision shall only be required to furnish, in the covered language, oral instructions, assistance, translation of voting materials, or other information relating to registration and voting.
(B)
In the case of a minority group that is American Indian or Alaska Native, the State or political subdivision shall only be required to furnish in the covered language oral instructions, assistance, or other information relating to registration and voting, including all voting materials, if the Tribal Government of that minority group has certified that the language of the applicable American Indian or Alaska Native language is presently unwritten or the Tribal Government does not want written translations in the minority language.
(3)

Written translations for election workers
Notwithstanding paragraph (2), the State or political division may be required to provide written translations of voting materials, with the consent of any applicable Indian Tribe, to election workers to ensure that the translations from English to the language of a minority group are complete, accurate, and uniform.”.
(c)

Effective date
This section and the amendments made by this section shall apply with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2026 and each succeeding election for Federal office.
1405.

Ensuring equitable and efficient operation of polling places
(a)

In general
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), section 201(a), section 202(a), section 203(a)(1), section 204(a), section 801(a), section 901(a), section 902(a), section 903(b), and section 904(a), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating sections 314 and 315 as sections 316 and 317, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after section 313 the following new section:
“314.

Ensuring equitable and efficient operation of polling places
(a)

Preventing unreasonable waiting times for voters
(1)

In general
Each State shall provide a sufficient number of voting systems, poll workers, and other election resources (including physical resources) at a polling place used in any election for Federal office, including a polling place at which individuals may cast ballots prior to the date of the election, to ensure—
(A)
a fair and equitable waiting time for all voters in the State; and
(B)
that no individual will be required to wait longer than 30 minutes to cast a ballot at the polling place.
(2)

Criteria
In determining the number of voting systems, poll workers, and other election resources provided at a polling place for purposes of paragraph (1), the State shall take into account the following factors:
(A)
The voting age population.
(B)
Voter turnout in past elections.
(C)
The number of voters registered.
(D)
The number of voters who have registered since the most recent Federal election.
(E)
Census data for the population served by the polling place, such as the proportion of the voting-age population who are under 25 years of age or who are naturalized citizens.
(F)
The needs and numbers of voters with disabilities and voters with limited English proficiency.
(G)
The type of voting systems used.
(H)
The length and complexity of initiatives, referenda, and other questions on the ballot.
(I)
Such other factors, including relevant demographic factors relating to the population served by the polling place, as the State considers appropriate.
(3)

Rule of construction
Nothing in this subsection may be construed to authorize a State to meet the requirements of this subsection by closing any polling place, prohibiting an individual from entering a line at a polling place, or refusing to permit an individual who has arrived at a polling place prior to closing time from voting at the polling place.
(4)

Guidelines
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Commission shall establish and publish guidelines to assist States in meeting the requirements of this subsection.
(5)

Effective date
This subsection shall take effect upon the expiration of the 180-day period which begins on the date of the enactment of this subsection, without regard to whether or not the Commission has established and published guidelines under paragraph (4).
(b)

Limiting variations on number of hours of operation of polling places within a State
(1)

Limitation
(A)

In general
Except as provided in subparagraph (B) and paragraph (2), each State shall establish hours of operation for all polling places in the State on the date of any election for Federal office held in the State such that the polling place with the greatest number of hours of operation on such date is not in operation for more than 2 hours longer than the polling place with the fewest number of hours of operation on such date.
(B)

Permitting variance on basis of population
Subparagraph (A) does not apply to the extent that the State establishes variations in the hours of operation of polling places on the basis of the overall population or the voting age population (as the State may select) of the unit of local government in which such polling places are located.
(2)

Exceptions for polling places with hours established by units of local government
Paragraph (1) does not apply in the case of a polling place—
(A)
whose hours of operation are established, in accordance with State law, by the unit of local government in which the polling place is located; or
(B)
which is required pursuant to an order by a court to extend its hours of operation beyond the hours otherwise established.”.
(b)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), section 201(d), section 202(c), section 203(a)(3), section 204(c), section 801(c), section 901(c), section 902(c), section 903(b), and section 904(a), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 314 and 315 as relating to sections 315 and 316, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after the item relating to section 313 the following new item:
“Sec. 314. Ensuring equitable and efficient operation of polling places.”.
1406.

Requiring States to provide secured drop boxes for voted absentee ballots in elections for Federal office
(a)

Requirement
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), section 201(a), section 202(a), section 203(a)(1), section 204(a), section 801(a), section 901(a), section 902(a), section 903(b), section 904(a), and section 1405(a), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating sections 315 and 316 as sections 316 and 317, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after section 314 the following new section:
“315.

Use of secured drop boxes for voted absentee ballots
(a)

Requiring use of drop boxes
In each election jurisdiction in the State, each State shall provide in-person, secured, and clearly labeled drop boxes at which individuals may, at any time during the period described in subsection (b), drop off voted absentee ballots in an election for Federal office.
(b)

Minimum period for availability of drop boxes
The period described in this subsection is, with respect to an election, the period which begins 45 days before the date of the election and which ends at the time the polls close for the election in the election jurisdiction involved.
(c)

Accessibility
(1)

In general
Each State shall ensure that the drop boxes provided under this section are accessible for use—
(A)
by individuals with disabilities, as determined in consultation with the protection and advocacy systems (as defined in section 102 of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15002)) of the State; and
(B)
by individuals with limited proficiency in the English language.
(2)

Determination of accessibility for individuals with disabilities
For purposes of this subsection, drop boxes shall be considered to be accessible for use by individuals with disabilities if the drop boxes meet such criteria as the Attorney General may establish for such purposes.
(3)

Rule of construction
If a State provides a drop box under this section on the grounds of or inside a building or facility which serves as a polling place for an election during the period described in subsection (b), nothing in this subsection may be construed to waive any requirements regarding the accessibility of such polling place for the use of individuals with disabilities or individuals with limited proficiency in the English language.
(d)

Number of drop boxes
(1)

Formula for determination of number
The number of drop boxes provided under this section in an election jurisdiction with respect to an election shall be determined as follows:
(A)
In the case of an election jurisdiction in which the number of individuals who are residents of the election jurisdiction and who are registered to vote in the election is equal to or greater than 20,000, the number of drop boxes shall be a number equal to or greater than the number of such individuals divided by 20,000 (rounded to the nearest whole number).
(B)
In the case of any other election jurisdiction, the number of drop boxes shall be equal to or greater than one.
(2)

Timing
For purposes of this subsection, the number of individuals who reside in an election jurisdiction and who are registered to vote in the election shall be determined as of the 90th day before the date of the election.
(e)

Location of drop boxes
The State shall determine the location of drop boxes provided under this section in an election jurisdiction on the basis of criteria which ensure that the drop boxes are—
(1)
available to all voters on a non-discriminatory basis;
(2)
accessible to voters with disabilities (in accordance with subsection (c));
(3)
accessible by public transportation to the greatest extent possible;
(4)
available during all hours of the day; and
(5)
sufficiently available in all communities in the election jurisdiction, including rural communities and on Tribal lands within the election jurisdiction (subject to subsection (f)).
(f)

Rules for drop boxes on Tribal lands
In making a determination of the number and location of drop boxes provided under this section on Tribal lands in an election jurisdiction, the appropriate State and local election officials shall—
(1)
consult with Tribal leaders prior to making the determination; and
(2)
take into account criteria such as the availability of direct-to-door residential mail delivery, the distance and time necessary to travel to the drop box locations (including in inclement weather), modes of transportation available, conditions of roads, and the availability (if any) of public transportation.
(g)

Timing of scanning and processing of ballots
For purposes of section 306(e) (relating to the timing of the processing and scanning of ballots for tabulation), a vote cast using a drop box provided under this section shall be treated in the same manner as any other vote cast during early voting.
(h)

Posting of information
On or adjacent to each drop box provided under this section, the State shall post information on the requirements that voted absentee ballots must meet in order to be counted and tabulated in the election.
(i)

Election jurisdiction
For purposes of this section, the term election jurisdiction has the same meaning given to the term “registrar's jurisdiction” under section 8(j) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(j)).
(j)

Effective date
This section shall apply with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2026 and each succeeding election for Federal office.”.
(b)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), section 201(d), section 202(c), section 203(a)(3), section 204(c), section 801(c), section 901(c), section 902(c), section 903(b), section 904(a), and section 1405(b), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 315 and 316 as relating to sections 316 and 317, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after the item relating to section 314 the following new item:
“Sec. 315. Use of secured drop boxes for voted absentee ballots.” .
1407.

Prohibiting States from restricting curbside voting
(a)

Requirement
Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), section 201(a), section 202(a), section 203(a)(1), section 204(a), section 801(a), section 901(a), section 902(a), section 903(b), section 904(a), section 1405(a), and section 1406(a), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating sections 316 and 317 as sections 317 and 318, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after section 315 the following new section:
“316.

Prohibiting States from restricting curbside voting
(a)

Prohibition
A State may not—
(1)
prohibit any jurisdiction administering an election for Federal office in the State from utilizing curbside voting as a method by which individuals may cast ballots in the election; or
(2)
impose any restrictions which would exclude any individual who is eligible to vote in such an election in a jurisdiction which utilizes curbside voting from casting a ballot in the election by the method of curbside voting.
(b)

Effective date
This section shall apply with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2026 and each succeeding election for Federal office.”.
(b)

Clerical amendments
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), section 201(d), section 202(c), section 203(a)(3), section 204(c), section 801(c), section 901(c), section 902(c), section 903(b), section 904(a), section 1405(b), and section 1406(b), is amended—
(1)
by redesignating the items relating to sections 316 and 317 as relating to sections 317 and 318, respectively; and
(2)
by inserting after the item relating to section 315 the following new item:
“Sec. 316. Prohibiting States from restricting curbside voting.”.
B

Disaster and Emergency Contingency Plans
1411.

Requirements for Federal election contingency plans in response to natural disasters and emergencies
(a)

In general
(1)

Establishment
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, each State and each jurisdiction in a State which is responsible for administering elections for Federal office shall establish and make publicly available a contingency plan to enable individuals to vote in elections for Federal office during a state of emergency, public health emergency, or national emergency which has been declared for reasons including—
(A)
a natural disaster; or
(B)
an infectious disease.
(2)

Updating
Each State and jurisdiction shall update the contingency plan established under this subsection not less frequently than every 5 years.
(b)

Requirements relating to safety
The contingency plan established under subsection (a) shall include initiatives to provide equipment and resources needed to protect the health and safety of poll workers and voters when voting in person.
(c)

Requirements relating to recruitment of poll workers
The contingency plan established under subsection (a) shall include initiatives by the chief State election official and local election officials to recruit poll workers from resilient or unaffected populations, which may include—
(1)
employees of other State and local government offices; and
(2)
in the case in which an infectious disease poses significant increased health risks to elderly individuals, students of secondary schools and institutions of higher education in the State.
(d)

Enforcement
(1)

Attorney general
The Attorney General may bring a civil action against any State or jurisdiction in an appropriate United States District Court for such declaratory and injunctive relief (including a temporary restraining order, a permanent or temporary injunction, or other order) as may be necessary to carry out the requirements of this section.
(2)

Private right of action
(A)

In general
In the case of a violation of this section, any person who is aggrieved by such violation may provide written notice of the violation to the chief election official of the State involved.
(B)

Relief
If the violation is not corrected within 20 days after receipt of a notice under subparagraph (A), or within 5 days after receipt of the notice if the violation occurred within 120 days before the date of an election for Federal office, the aggrieved person may, in a civil action, obtain declaratory or injunctive relief with respect to the violation.
(C)

Special rule
If the violation occurred within 5 days before the date of an election for Federal office, the aggrieved person need not provide notice to the chief election official of the State involved under subparagraph (A) before bringing a civil action under subparagraph (B).
(e)

Definitions
(1)

Election for Federal office
For purposes of this section, the term election for Federal office means a general, special, primary, or runoff election for the office of President or Vice President, or of Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress.
(2)

State
For purposes of this section, the term State includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
(f)

Effective date
This section shall apply with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2026 and each succeeding election for Federal office.
C

Improvements in Operation of Election Assistance Commission
1421.

Reauthorization of Election Assistance Commission
Section 210 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20930) is amended—
(1)
by striking “for each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2005” and inserting “for fiscal year 2021 and each succeeding fiscal year”; and
(2)
by striking “(but not to exceed $10,000,000 for each such year)”.
1422.

Requiring States to participate in post-general election surveys
(a)

Requirement
Title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 1403(a), is further amended by inserting after section 303A the following new section:
“303B.

Requiring participation in post-general election surveys
(a)

Requirement
Each State shall furnish to the Commission such information as the Commission may request for purposes of conducting any post-election survey of the States with respect to the administration of a regularly scheduled general election for Federal office.
(b)

Effective date
This section shall apply with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 2026 and any succeeding election.”.
(b)

Clerical amendment
The table of contents of such Act, as amended by section 1403(c), is further amended by inserting after the item relating to section 303A the following new item:
“Sec. 303B. Requiring participation in post-general election surveys.” .
1423.

Reports by National Institute of Standards and Technology on use of funds transferred from Election Assistance Commission
(a)

Requiring reports on use funds as condition of receipt
Section 231 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20971) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
“(e)

Report on use of funds transferred from Commission
To the extent that funds are transferred from the Commission to the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for purposes of carrying out this section during any fiscal year, the Director may not use such funds unless the Director certifies at the time of transfer that the Director will submit a report to the Commission not later than 90 days after the end of the fiscal year detailing how the Director used such funds during the year.”.
(b)

Effective date
The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to fiscal year 2026 and each succeeding fiscal year.
1424.

Recommendations to improve operations of Election Assistance Commission
(a)

Assessment of information technology and cybersecurity
Not later than December 31, 2024, the Election Assistance Commission shall carry out an assessment of the security and effectiveness of the Commission’s information technology systems, including the cybersecurity of such systems.
(b)

Improvements to administrative complaint procedures
(1)

Review of procedures
The Election Assistance Commission shall carry out a review of the effectiveness and efficiency of the State-based administrative complaint procedures established and maintained under section 402 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21112) for the investigation and resolution of allegations of violations of title III of such Act.
(2)

Recommendations to streamline procedures
Not later than December 31, 2024, the Commission shall submit to Congress a report on the review carried out under paragraph (1), and shall include in the report such recommendations as the Commission considers appropriate to streamline and improve the procedures which are the subject of the review.
1425.

Repeal of exemption of Election Assistance Commission from certain government contracting requirements
(a)

In general
Section 205 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20925) is amended by striking subsection (e).
(b)

Effective date
The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to contracts entered into by the Election Assistance Commission on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
D

Miscellaneous Provisions
1431.

Application of laws to Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands
(a)

National Voter Registration Act of 1993
Section 3(4) of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20502(4)) is amended by striking “States and the District of Columbia” and inserting “States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands”.
(b)

Help America Vote Act of 2002
(1)

Coverage of Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Section 901 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21141) is amended by striking “and the United States Virgin Islands” and inserting “the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands”.
(2)

Conforming amendments to Help America Vote Act of 2002
Such Act is further amended as follows:
(A)
The second sentence of section 213(a)(2) (52 U.S.C. 20943(a)(2)) is amended by striking “and American Samoa” and inserting “American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands”.
(B)
Section 252(c)(2) (52 U.S.C. 21002(c)(2)) is amended by striking “or the United States Virgin Islands” and inserting “the United States Virgin Islands, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands”.
(3)

Conforming amendment relating to consultation of Help America Vote Foundation with local election officials
Section 90102(c) of title 36, United States Code, is amended by striking “and the United States Virgin Islands” and inserting “the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands”.
1432.

Definition of election for Federal office
(a)

Definition
Title IX of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21141 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
“907.

Election for Federal office defined
For purposes of titles I through III, the term election for Federal office means a general, special, primary, or runoff election for the office of President or Vice President, or of Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress.”.
(b)

Clerical amendment
The table of contents of such Act is amended by adding at the end of the items relating to title IX the following new item:
“Sec. 907. Election for Federal office defined.” .
1433.

No effect on other laws
(a)

In general
Except as specifically provided, nothing in this title may be construed to authorize or require conduct prohibited under any of the following laws, or to supersede, restrict, or limit the application of such laws:
(1)
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.).
(2)
The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (52 U.S.C. 20101 et seq.).
(3)
The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.).
(4)
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.).
(5)
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.).
(6)
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.).
(b)

No effect on preclearance or other requirements under Voting Rights Act
The approval by any person of a payment or grant application under this title, or any other action taken by any person under this title, shall not be considered to have any effect on requirements for preclearance under section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10304) or any other requirements of such Act.
(c)

No effect on authority of States To provide greater opportunities for voting
Nothing in this title or the amendments made by this title may be construed to prohibit any State from enacting any law which provides greater opportunities for individuals to register to vote and to vote in elections for Federal office than are provided by this title and the amendments made by this title.
1434.

Clarification of exemption for States without voter registration
To the extent that any provision of this title or any amendment made by this title imposes a requirement on a State relating to registering individuals to vote in elections for Federal office, such provision shall not apply in the case of any State in which, under law that is in effect continuously on and after the date of the enactment of this Act, there is no voter registration requirement for any voter in the State with respect to an election for Federal office.
XV

Severability
1501.

Severability
If any provision of this Act or amendment made by this Act, or the application of a provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provisions and amendment to any person or circumstance, shall not be affected by the holding.